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Lassiter MG, Lin J, Compton JE, Phelan J, Sabo RD, Stoddard JL, McDow SR, Greaver TL. Shifts in the composition of nitrogen deposition in the conterminous United States are discernable in stream chemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163409. [PMID: 37044336 PMCID: PMC10332341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Across the conterminous United States (U.S.), the composition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is changing spatially and temporally. Previously, deposition was dominated by oxidized N, but now reduced N (ammonia [NH3] + ammonium [NH4+]) is equivalent to oxidized N when deposition is averaged across the entire nation and, in some areas, reduced N dominates deposition. To evaluate if there are effects of this change on stream chemistry at the national scale, estimates of N deposition form (oxidized or reduced) from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program Total Deposition data were coupled with stream measurements from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Rivers and Streams Assessments (three stream surveys between 2000 and 2014). A recent fine-scaled N input inventory was used to identify watersheds (<1000 km2) where atmospheric deposition is the largest N source (n = 1906). Within these more atmospherically-influenced watersheds there was a clear temporal shift from a greater proportion of sites dominated by oxidized N deposition to a greater proportion of sites dominated by reduced forms of N deposition. We found a significant positive correlation between oxidized N deposition and stream NO3- concentrations, whereas the correlation between reduced N deposition and stream NO3- concentrations were significant but weaker. Sites dominated by atmospheric inputs of reduced N forms had higher stream total organic N and total N despite lower total N deposition on average. This higher stream concentration of total N is mainly driven by the higher concentration of total organic N, suggesting an interaction between elevated reduced N in deposition and living components of the ecosystem or soil organic matter dynamics. Regardless of the proportion of reduced to oxidized N forms in deposition, stream NH4+ concentrations were generally low, suggesting that N deposited in a reduced form is rapidly immobilized, nitrified and/or assimilated by watershed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith G Lassiter
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Postdoctoral Participant, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States; U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Jana E Compton
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Jennifer Phelan
- RTI International, P.O. Box 12194, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., RTP, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Robert D Sabo
- US EPA Headquarters, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Mailcode 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460, United States.
| | - John L Stoddard
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Stephen R McDow
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Tara L Greaver
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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Li Z, Gao J, Wang S, Xie X, Wang Z, Peng Y, Yang X, Pu W, Wang Y, Fan X. Comprehensive analysis of the LHT gene family in tobacco and functional characterization of NtLHT22 involvement in amino acids homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927844. [PMID: 36176688 PMCID: PMC9513474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are vital nitrogen (N) sources for plant growth, development, and yield. The uptake and translocation of amino acids are mediated by amino acid transporters (AATs). The AATs family including lysine-histidine transporters (LHTs), amino acid permeases (AAPs), and proline transporters (ProTs) subfamilies have been identified in various plants. However, little is known about these genes in tobacco. In this study, we identified 23 LHT genes, the important members of AATs, in the tobacco genome. The gene structure, phylogenetic tree, transmembrane helices, chromosomal distribution, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles of NtLHT genes were systematically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis divided the 23 NtLHT genes into two conserved subgroups. Expression profiles confirmed that the NtLHT genes were differentially expressed in various tissues, indicating their potential roles in tobacco growth and development. Cis-elements analysis of promoters and expression patterns after stress treatments suggested that NtLHT genes probable participate in abiotic stress responses of tobacco. In addition, Knock out and overexpression of NtLHT22 changed the amino acids homeostasis in the transgenic plants, the contents of amino acids were significantly decreased in NtLHT22 overexpression plants than wild-type. The results from this study provide important information for further studies on the molecular functions of the NtLHT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaonian Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Yaofu Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhuang W, Wang M, Xiao Y, Zhou X, Wu N. Differential uptake of nitrogen forms by two herbs in the Gurbantunggut desert, Central Asia. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:758-765. [PMID: 35381112 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plants adjust their requirements for different N forms can help elucidate plant coexistence strategies in N-limited desert ecosystems. To understand the mechanisms involved, we investigated whether two desert herbs can directly absorb dissolved organic nitrogen (N) and tested whether the patterns changed over different growth stages. Two dominant herbaceous species, Astragalus arpilobus and Arnebia decumbens, from the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut desert, China, were selected. Short-term (24 h) 15 N-labelled tracer (15 N-NO3 , 15 N-NH4 , 2-13 C-15 N-Glycine) treatments were conducted at two soil depths (0-5 cm and 5-15 cm) in the season of rapid growth (June) and in the peak biomass season (July). Enrichment in 13 C and 15 N was assessed in the two species receiving glycine. The ratio 13 C:15 N was 0.21-1.39 at the 24-h harvest, suggesting that approximately 10.5-69.5% of glycine had been absorbed. The amount of absorbed 15 N was significantly affected by species, month, soil depth and N form. The two species absorbed most 15 N from the 0-5 cm soil layer, and the absorption rate in July was higher than that in June. The absorption of 15 N-NO3 and 15 N-NH4 was significantly higher than that of 2-13 C-15 N-Glycine. The results indicate that these herbs could use amino acids in the N-deficient desert ecosystem. The two co-existing species used different forms of inorganic N for their requirements and maintained a specific preference throughout various growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhuang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - M Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - N Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Kotowska MM, Samhita S, Hertel D, Triadiati T, Beyer F, Allen K, Link RM, Leuschner C. Consequences of tropical rainforest conversion to tree plantations on fine root dynamics and functional traits. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna M. Kotowska
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Sasya Samhita
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Triadiati Triadiati
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB Univ. Bogor Indonesia
| | - Friderike Beyer
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Univ. of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Kara Allen
- Manaaki Whenua‐Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Roman M. Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius von Sachs Inst. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
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Moeneclaey I, Schelfhout S, Vanhellemont M, DeCock E, Van Coillie F, Verheyen K, Baeten L. Species ecological strategy and soil phosphorus supply interactively affect plant biomass and phosphorus concentration. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in a Managed Temperate Grassland Under Changed Climatic Conditions. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grasslands are one of the most common biomes in the world with a wide range of ecosystem services. Nevertheless, quantitative data on the change in nitrogen dynamics in extensively managed temperate grasslands caused by a shift from energy- to water-limited climatic conditions have not yet been reported. In this study, we experimentally studied this shift by translocating undisturbed soil monoliths from an energy-limited site (Rollesbroich) to a water-limited site (Selhausen). The soil monoliths were contained in weighable lysimeters and monitored for their water and nitrogen balance in the period between 2012 and 2018. At the water-limited site (Selhausen), annual plant nitrogen uptake decreased due to water stress compared to the energy-limited site (Rollesbroich), while nitrogen uptake was higher at the beginning of the growing period. Possibly because of this lower plant uptake, the lysimeters at the water-limited site showed an increased inorganic nitrogen concentration in the soil solution, indicating a higher net mineralization rate. The N2O gas emissions and nitrogen leaching remained low at both sites. Our findings suggest that in the short term, fertilizer should consequently be applied early in the growing period to increase nitrogen uptake and decrease nitrogen losses. Moreover, a shift from energy-limited to water-limited conditions will have a limited effect on gaseous nitrogen emissions and nitrate concentrations in the groundwater in the grassland type of this study because higher nitrogen concentrations are (over-) compensated by lower leaching rates.
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Capstaff NM, Domoney C, Miller AJ. Real-time monitoring of rhizosphere nitrate fluctuations under crops following defoliation. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:11. [PMID: 33516255 PMCID: PMC7847023 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management regime can hugely influence the efficiency of crop production but measuring real-time below-ground responses is difficult. The combination of fertiliser application and mowing or grazing may have a major impact on roots and on the soil nutrient profile and leaching. RESULTS A novel approach was developed using low-cost ion-selective sensors to track nitrate (NO3-) movement through soil column profiles sown with the forage crops, Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa. Applications of fertiliser, defoliation of crops and intercropping of the grass and the legume were tested. Sensor measurements were compared with conventional testing of lysimeter and leachate samples. There was little leaching of NO3- through soil profiles with current management practices, as monitored by both methods. After defoliation, the measurements detected a striking increase in soil NO3- in the middle of the column where the greatest density of roots was found. This phenomenon was not detected when no NO3- was applied, and when there was no defoliation, or during intercropping with Medicago. CONCLUSION Mowing or grazing may increase rhizodeposition of carbon that stimulates soil mineralization to release NO3- that is acquired by roots without leaching from the profile. The soil columns and sensors provided a dynamic insight into rhizosphere responses to changes in above-ground management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Capstaff
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Claire Domoney
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Peng F, Xue X, Li C, Lai C, Sun J, Tsubo M, Tsunekawa A, Wang T. Plant community of alpine steppe shows stronger association with soil properties than alpine meadow alongside degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139048. [PMID: 32446054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between soil properties and plant community determines the efficacy to restore the degraded grassland via improving soil properties. We conducted a field survey to investigate the relationship between plant community composition and soil physical and chemical properties alongside different degradation stages of alpine grassland. Results showed that with the increasing severity of degradation, the dominant plants shifted from sedge and graminoid species, respectively, to forbs species in alpine meadow (AM) and alpine steppe (AS). Species richness and diversity indices were unchanged until the severely degraded stage in both AM and AS. Forward selection showed bulk density (BD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) at 10-20 cm, pH and the ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/N) at 0-10 cm were the four important variables being responsible for the species community variation alongside degradation of AS, which explained 18.7% of the total variance. Soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) and C/N at 20-30 cm, NH4+ at 10-20, and BD at 0-10 cm were the important variables in driving the community variance alongside degradation stages, which only explained 9.5% of the total variance of AM. The loss of dense root layer and the species community change induced change in BD, and difference in plant competition for available resources would lead to the stronger association between vegetation community and soil properties in AS than that in AM. Our results indicate that though improving soil nutrients and soil texture to restore the degraded AS may be more effective than to restore degraded AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Beiluhe Observation and Research Station on Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Beiluhe Observation and Research Station on Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chimin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mitsuru Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Guo N, Hu J, Yan M, Qu H, Luo L, Tegeder M, Xu G. Oryza sativa Lysine-Histidine-type Transporter 1 functions in root uptake and root-to-shoot allocation of amino acids in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:395-411. [PMID: 32159895 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural soils, amino acids can represent vital nitrogen (N) sources for crop growth and yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying amino acid uptake and allocation are poorly understood in crop plants. This study shows that rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots can acquire aspartate at soil concentration, and that japonica subspecies take up this acidic amino acid 1.5-fold more efficiently than indica subspecies. Genetic association analyses with 68 representative japonica or indica germplasms identified rice Lysine-Histidine-type Transporter 1 (OsLHT1) as a candidate gene associated with the aspartate uptake trait. When expressed in yeast, OsLHT1 supported cell growth on a broad spectrum of amino acids, and effectively transported aspartate, asparagine and glutamate. OsLHT1 is localized throughout the rice root, including root hairs, epidermis, cortex and stele, and to the leaf vasculature. Knockout of OsLHT1 in japonica resulted in reduced root uptake of amino acids. Furthermore, in 15 N-amino acid-fed mutants versus wild-type, a higher percentage of 15 N remained in roots instead of being allocated to the shoot. 15 N-ammonium uptake and subsequently the delivery of root-synthesized amino acids to Oslht1 shoots were also significantly decreased, which was accompanied by reduced shoot growth. These results together provide evidence that OsLHT1 functions in both root uptake and root to shoot allocation of a broad spectrum of amino acids in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jinqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Hongye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Zhuang W, Li J, Yu F, Dong Z, Guo H. Seasonal nitrogen uptake strategies in a temperate desert ecosystem depends on N form and plant species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:386-393. [PMID: 31858690 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic plants might be able to regulate a limited nitrogen (N) pool, thus avoiding and reducing competition for resources, through the uptake of different chemical N forms. Our aim was to see whether coexisting herbs showed preference for different forms of N in a temperate desert. We conducted a situ experiment using the 15 N labeling method in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China dominated by Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Hyalea pulchella, Nonea caspica and Lactuca undulata during their growing period (April and May). Four desert herb species preferentially relied on 15 N-NO3 for their N nutrition. Multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis results showed that species, N forms, months, and soil depths strongly affected N uptake rate. The uptake rate by herbs was higher in May than in April, and higher at 0-5 cm than at 5-15 cm soil layers. Erodium oxyrrhynchum, N. caspica and L. undulata showed different preference on N form over months. Erodium oxyrrhynchum and L. undulata changed their uptake preference from more 15 N-Glycine in April to more 15 N-NH4 in May. Although the N uptake rate of four desert herbs varied across different soil depths and months, all species absorbed more inorganic N compared with organic N. The higher preference for 15 N-NO3 and 15 N-NH4 over 15 N-Gly possibly reflects adaptation to different N forms in temperate desert.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhuang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - J Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - F Yu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Z Dong
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - H Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
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Edy N, Yelianti U, Irawan B, Polle A, Pena R. Differences in Root Nitrogen Uptake Between Tropical Lowland Rainforests and Oil Palm Plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32161607 PMCID: PMC7053111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of lowland tropical rainforests to intensely fertilized agricultural land-use systems such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations leads to changes in nitrogen (N) cycling. Although soil microbial-driven N dynamics has been largely studied, the role of the plant as a major component in N uptake has rarely been considered. We address this gap by comparing the root N contents and uptake in lowland rainforests with that in oil palm plantations on Sumatra, Indonesia. To this aim, we applied 15N-labeled ammonium to intact soil, measured the 15N recovery in soil and roots, and calculated the root relative N uptake efficiency for 10 days after label application. We found that root N contents were by one third higher in the rainforest than oil palm plantations. However, 15N uptake efficiency was similar in the two systems. This finding suggests that lower N contents in oil palm roots were likely caused by plant internal utilization of the absorbed N (e.g., N export to fruit bunches) than by lower ability to take up N from the soil. 15N recovery in roots was primarily driven by the amount of root biomass, which was higher in oil palm plantation than rainforest. The oil palms unveiled a high capacity to acquire N, offering the possibility of enhancing sustainable plantation management by reducing N fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Edy
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agrotechnology, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Upik Yelianti
- Department of Biology, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Department of Forestry, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Electrochemical formation of silver nanoparticles and their applications in the reduction and detection of nitrates at neutral pH. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-019-01374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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De Long JR, Semchenko M, Pritchard WJ, Cordero I, Fry EL, Jackson BG, Kurnosova K, Ostle NJ, Johnson D, Baggs EM, Bardgett RD. Drought soil legacy overrides maternal effects on plant growth. Funct Ecol 2019; 33:1400-1410. [PMID: 31588158 PMCID: PMC6767434 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal effects (i.e. trans-generational plasticity) and soil legacies generated by drought and plant diversity can affect plant performance and alter nutrient cycling and plant community dynamics. However, the relative importance and combined effects of these factors on plant growth dynamics remain poorly understood.We used soil and seeds from an existing plant diversity and drought manipulation field experiment in temperate grassland to test maternal, soil drought and diversity legacy effects, and their interactions, on offspring plant performance of two grassland species (Alopecurus pratensis and Holcus lanatus) under contrasting glasshouse conditions.Our results showed that drought soil legacy effects eclipsed maternal effects on plant biomass. Drought soil legacy effects were attributed to changes in both abiotic (i.e. nutrient availability) and biotic soil properties (i.e. microbial carbon and enzyme activity), as well as plant root and shoot atom 15N excess. Further, plant tissue nutrient concentrations and soil microbial C:N responses to drought legacies varied between the two plant species and soils from high and low plant diversity treatments. However, these diversity effects did not affect plant root or shoot biomass.These findings demonstrate that while maternal effects resulting from drought occur in grasslands, their impacts on plant performance are likely minor relative to drought legacy effects on soil abiotic and biotic properties. This suggests that soil drought legacy effects could become increasingly important drivers of plant community dynamics and ecosystem functioning as extreme weather events become more frequent and intense with climate change. A plain language summary is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. De Long
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marina Semchenko
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - William J. Pritchard
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Irene Cordero
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ellen L. Fry
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Benjamin G. Jackson
- The Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Ksenia Kurnosova
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | - David Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Elizabeth M. Baggs
- The Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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14
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Cui X, Yue P, Wu W, Gong Y, Li K, Misselbrook T, Goulding K, Liu X. The Growth and N Retention of Two Annual Desert Plants Varied Under Different Nitrogen Deposition Rates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 30972090 PMCID: PMC6443888 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) partitioning between plant and soil pools is closely related to biomass accumulation and allocation, and is of great importance for quantifying the biomass dynamics and N fluxes of ecosystems, especially in low N-availability desert ecosystems. However, partitioning can differ among species even when growing in the same habitat. To better understand the variation of plant biomass allocation and N retention within ephemeral and annual species we studied the responses of Malcolmia Africana (an ephemeral) and Salsola affinis (an annual) to N addition, including plant growth, N retention by the plant and soil, and N lost to the environment using 15N (double-labeled 15NH4 15NO3 (5.16% abundance) added at 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 g pot-1, equivalent to 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 kg N ha-1) in a pot experiment. Higher N addition (N120) inhibited plant growth and biomass accumulation of the ephemeral but not the annual. In addition, the aboveground:belowground partitioning of N (the R:S ratio) of the ephemeral decreased with increasing N addition, but that of the annual increased. The N input corresponding to maximum biomass and 15N retention of the ephemeral was significantly less than that of the annual. The aboveground and belowground retention of N in the ephemeral were significantly less than those of the annual, except at low N rates. The average plant-soil system recovery of added 15N by the ephemeral was 70%, significantly higher than that of the annual with an average of 50%. Although the whole plant-soil 15N recovery of this desert ecosystem decreased with increasing N deposition, our results suggested that it may vary with species composition and community change under future climate and elevated N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Tom Misselbrook
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Goulding
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Bueno A, Greenfield L, Pritsch K, Schmidt S, Simon J. Responses to competition for nitrogen between subtropical native tree seedlings and exotic grasses are species-specific and mediated by soil N availability. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:404-416. [PMID: 30184191 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Competitive interactions between native tree seedlings and exotic grasses frequently hinder forest restoration. We investigated the consequences of competition with exotic grasses on the growth and net nitrogen (N) uptake capacity of native rainforest seedlings used for reforestation depending on soil N availability and N source. Tree seedlings and grasses were grown in the greenhouse in different competition regimes (one tree species vs one grass species) and controls (grass monocultures or single tree seedlings) at low and high soil N. After 8 weeks, we quantified net N uptake capacity using 15N-labelled organic (i.e., glutamine and arginine) and inorganic (i.e., ammonium and nitrate) N sources and biomass indices. Depending on soil N availability, we observed different species-specific responses to growth and N acquisition. Tree seedlings generally increased their net N uptake capacity in response to competition with grasses, although overall seedling growth was unaffected. In contrast, the responses to competition by the grasses were species-specific and varied with soil N availability. The different N acquisition strategies suggest the avoidance of competition for N between trees and grasses. Overall, the results highlight that quantifying underlying mechanisms of N acquisition complements the information on biomass allocation as a measure of responses to competition, particularly with varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bueno
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lucy Greenfield
- Plant Nutrition and Ecophysiology Group, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Qld, Australia
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- Plant Nutrition and Ecophysiology Group, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Qld, Australia
| | - Judy Simon
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Hill PW, Jones DL. Plant-microbe competition: does injection of isotopes of C and N into the rhizosphere effectively characterise plant use of soil N? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:796-806. [PMID: 30196574 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable attention over the last 25 yr, the importance of early protein breakdown products to plant nitrogen (N) nutrition remains uncertain. We used rhizosphere injection of 15 N-, 13 C- and 14 C-labelled inorganic N and amino acid (l-alanine), with chase periods from 1 min to 24 h, to investigate the duration of competition for amino acid between roots (Triticum aestivum) and soil microorganisms. We further investigated how microbial modification of l-alanine influenced plant carbon (C) and N recovery. From recovery of C isotopes, intact alanine uptake was 0.2-1.3% of added. Soil microbes appeared to remove alanine from soil solution within 1 min and release enough NH4+ to account for all plant 15 N recovery (over 24 h) within 5 min. Microbially generated inorganic or keto acid C accounted for < 25% of the lowest estimate of intact alanine uptake. Co-location of C and N labels appears a reasonable measure of intact uptake. Potential interference from microbially modified C is probably modest, but may increase with chase period. Similarly, competition for l-alanine is complete within a few minutes in soil, whereas NO3- added at the same rate is available for > 24 h, indicating that long chase periods bias outcomes and fail to accurately simulate soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Hill
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
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17
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Luo S, Schmid B, De Deyn GB, Yu S. Soil microbes promote complementarity effects among co‐existing trees through soil nitrogen partitioning. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of EcologySchool of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gerlinde B. De Deyn
- Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of EcologySchool of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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18
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Ma Q, Wang J, Sun Y, Yang X, Ma J, Li T, Wu L. Elevated CO 2 levels enhance the uptake and metabolism of organic nitrogen. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:467-478. [PMID: 29080266 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) on the relative uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) are unclear. The uptake of different N sources by pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) seedlings supplied with a mixture of nitrate, glycine and ammonium was studied using 15 N-labelling under ambient CO2 (aCO2 ) (350 ppm) or eCO2 (650 ppm) conditions. 15 N-labelled short-term uptake and 15 N-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were applied to measure the effects of eCO2 on glycine uptake and metabolism. Elevated CO2 increased the shoot biomass by 36% over 15 days, but had little effect on root growth. Over the same period, the N concentrations of shoots and roots were decreased by 30 and 2%, respectively. Elevated CO2 enhanced the uptake and N contribution of glycine, which accounted for 38-44% and 21-40% of total N uptake in roots and shoots, respectively, while the uptake of nitrate and ammonium was reduced. The increased glycine uptake resulted from the enhanced active uptake and enhanced metabolism in the roots. We conclude that eCO2 may increase the uptake and contribution of organic N forms to total plant N nutrition. Our findings provide new insights into plant N regulation under eCO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
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19
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Ma Z, Guo D, Xu X, Lu M, Bardgett RD, Eissenstat DM, McCormack ML, Hedin LO. Evolutionary history resolves global organization of root functional traits. Nature 2018; 555:94-97. [PMID: 29466331 DOI: 10.1038/nature25783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant roots have greatly diversified in form and function since the emergence of the first land plants, but the global organization of functional traits in roots remains poorly understood. Here we analyse a global dataset of 10 functionally important root traits in metabolically active first-order roots, collected from 369 species distributed across the natural plant communities of 7 biomes. Our results identify a high degree of organization of root traits across species and biomes, and reveal a pattern that differs from expectations based on previous studies of leaf traits. Root diameter exerts the strongest influence on root trait variation across plant species, growth forms and biomes. Our analysis suggests that plants have evolved thinner roots since they first emerged in land ecosystems, which has enabled them to markedly improve their efficiency of soil exploration per unit of carbon invested and to reduce their dependence on symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. We also found that diversity in root morphological traits is greatest in the tropics, where plant diversity is highest and many ancestral phylogenetic groups are preserved. Diversity in root morphology declines sharply across the sequence of tropical, temperate and desert biomes, presumably owing to changes in resource supply caused by seasonally inhospitable abiotic conditions. Our results suggest that root traits have evolved along a spectrum bounded by two contrasting strategies of root life: an ancestral 'conservative' strategy in which plants with thick roots depend on symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi for soil resources and a more-derived 'opportunistic' strategy in which thin roots enable plants to more efficiently leverage photosynthetic carbon for soil exploration. These findings imply that innovations of belowground traits have had an important role in preparing plants to colonize new habitats, and in generating biodiversity within and across biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Ma
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dali Guo
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingzhen Lu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David M Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Lars O Hedin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
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20
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Chen W, Koide RT, Eissenstat DM. Nutrient foraging by mycorrhizas: From species functional traits to ecosystem processes. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weile Chen
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Roger T. Koide
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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21
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Wojtuń B, Samecka-Cymerman A, Żołnierz L, Rajsz A, Kempers AJ. Vascular plants as ecological indicators of metals in alpine vegetation (Karkonosze, SW Poland). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:20093-20103. [PMID: 28702907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Calluna vulgaris, Carex rigida, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta and Vaccinium myrtillus are abundant in the vegetation of mountainous areas in Northern and Central Europe. Knowledge of their ability to accumulate increased amounts of metals could be useful in the evaluation of environmental pollution in the alpine tundra of high mountains. Additionally, this investigation may contribute to understanding the rate and direction of recent vegetation change in Karkonosze and similar types of environments. Our investigation revealed that Carex rigida, C. vulgaris and V. myrtillus contain excessive Mn concentrations in shoots with the highest BF for this element compared to the BFs of other elements. C. rigida, with Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations exceeding the toxicity thresholds for plants, seems to be the best metal phytoaccumulator for Nardus stricta grasslands Carici (rigidae)-Nardetum (CrN) and alpine heathlands Carici (rigidae)-Festucetum airoidis (CrFa) associations in the Karkonosze. Based on relevant BFs >1, it can be stated that the following plant available metals were transferred to shoots: Cu, Mn and Ni by C. vulgaris; Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by C. rigida; Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by D. flexuosa; Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by N. stricta and Cu, Mn and Zn by V. myrtillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronisław Wojtuń
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Botany, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Botany, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ludwik Żołnierz
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Environmental and Life Studies, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Rajsz
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Botany, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alexander J Kempers
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Nasto MK, Osborne BB, Lekberg Y, Asner GP, Balzotti CS, Porder S, Taylor PG, Townsend AR, Cleveland CC. Nutrient acquisition, soil phosphorus partitioning and competition among trees in a lowland tropical rain forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1506-1517. [PMID: 28262951 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that dinitrogen (N2 )- and non-N2 -fixing tropical trees would have distinct phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies allowing them to exploit different P sources, reducing competition. We measured root phosphatase activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization among two N2 - and two non-N2 -fixing seedlings, and grew them alone and in competition with different inorganic and organic P forms to assess potential P partitioning. We found an inverse relationship between root phosphatase activity and AM colonization in field-collected seedlings, indicative of a trade-off in P acquisition strategies. This correlated with the predominantly exploited P sources in the seedling experiment: the N2 fixer with high N2 fixation and root phosphatase activity grew best on organic P, whereas the poor N2 fixer and the two non-N2 fixers with high AM colonization grew best on inorganic P. When grown in competition, however, AM colonization, root phosphatase activity and N2 fixation increased in the N2 fixers, allowing them to outcompete the non-N2 fixers regardless of P source. Our results indicate that some tropical trees have the capacity to partition soil P, but this does not eliminate interspecific competition. Rather, enhanced P and N acquisition strategies may increase the competitive ability of N2 fixers relative to non-N2 fixers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Nasto
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Brooke B Osborne
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | | | - Gregory P Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christopher S Balzotti
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Porder
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Philip G Taylor
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Alan R Townsend
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Cory C Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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23
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Andersen KM, Mayor JR, Turner BL. Plasticity in nitrogen uptake among plant species with contrasting nutrient acquisition strategies in a tropical forest. Ecology 2017; 98:1388-1398. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Andersen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4RJ UK
| | - Jordan R. Mayor
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
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24
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Wang C, Liu J, Xiao H, Zhou J, Du D. Nitrogen Deposition Influences the Allelopathic Effect of an Invasive Plant on the Reproduction of a Native Plant: Solidago canadensis versus Pterocypsela laciniata. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2017.65.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Xiao
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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25
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Cao X, Ma Q, Zhong C, Yang X, Zhu L, Zhang J, Jin Q, Wu L. Elevational Variation in Soil Amino Acid and Inorganic Nitrogen Concentrations in Taibai Mountain, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157979. [PMID: 27337100 PMCID: PMC4918969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are important sources of soil organic nitrogen (N), which is essential for plant nutrition, but detailed information about which amino acids predominant and whether amino acid composition varies with elevation is lacking. In this study, we hypothesized that the concentrations of amino acids in soil would increase and their composition would vary along the elevational gradient of Taibai Mountain, as plant-derived organic matter accumulated and N mineralization and microbial immobilization of amino acids slowed with reduced soil temperature. Results showed that the concentrations of soil extractable total N, extractable organic N and amino acids significantly increased with elevation due to the accumulation of soil organic matter and the greater N content. Soil extractable organic N concentration was significantly greater than that of the extractable inorganic N (NO3--N + NH4+-N). On average, soil adsorbed amino acid concentration was approximately 5-fold greater than that of the free amino acids, which indicates that adsorbed amino acids extracted with the strong salt solution likely represent a potential source for the replenishment of free amino acids. We found no appreciable evidence to suggest that amino acids with simple molecular structure were dominant at low elevations, whereas amino acids with high molecular weight and complex aromatic structure dominated the high elevations. Across the elevational gradient, the amino acid pool was dominated by alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, histidine, serine and threonine. These seven amino acids accounted for approximately 68.9% of the total hydrolyzable amino acid pool. The proportions of isoleucine, tyrosine and methionine varied with elevation, while soil major amino acid composition (including alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine and valine) did not vary appreciably with elevation (p>0.10). The compositional similarity of many amino acids across the elevational gradient suggests that soil amino acids likely originate from a common source or through similar biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lianfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qianyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Ren G, Li L, Hu H, Li Y, Liu C, Wei S. Influence of the Environmental Factors on the Accumulation of the Bioactive Ingredients in Chinese Rhubarb Products. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154649. [PMID: 27138597 PMCID: PMC4854418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide a basis for controlling the quality of rhubarb under artificial cultivation, the present work was designed to evaluate the contents of 14 active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) of rhubarb in major rhubarb production areas in China and analyze the correlations between the contents of API and such factors as species, geographic distribution and soil. The levels of fourteen API in rhubarb were measured using HPLC. The geographic distributions were collected using GPS and the nutrients in the soil were measured using the methods in the literature. The results showed that the levels of major API vary significantly among plants of different locations according to variance analysis. The species factor has few obvious effect on the overall properties of the rhubarb by the cluster analysis because of the two source species occurring in all divided three groups. However, Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. is less effective at synthesizing and accumulating 9 API out of 14 than Rheum palmatum L. The correlation analysis and regression analysis also indicated that a lower latitude should be considered in the accumulation of API and a lower longitude should be considered to produce more compound anthraquinones. Lower levels of total P, rapidly available P and available molybdenum (Mo) and higher available K and available Zn in the soil were significantly correlated to accumulation of API in rhubarb. These results provide a basis for the clinical application and controlling the levels of the major API of rhubarb during artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, No. 13 Shuiche Hutong, Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
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27
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Yu H, Yang J, Gao Y, He W. Soil organic nitrogen endows invasive
Solidago canadensis
with greater advantages in low‐phosphorus conditions. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan Disctrict Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jian‐Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan Disctrict Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100093 China
| | - Wei‐Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100093 China
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28
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Ma Q, Cao X, Wu L, Mi W, Feng Y. Light intensity affects the uptake and metabolism of glycine by pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Sci Rep 2016; 6:21200. [PMID: 26882864 PMCID: PMC4756379 DOI: 10.1038/srep21200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of glycine by pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), when supplied as single N-source or in a mixture of glycine and inorganic N, was studied at different light intensities under sterile conditions. At the optimal intensity (414 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) for plant growth, glycine, nitrate, and ammonium contributed 29.4%, 39.5%, and 31.1% shoot N, respectively, and light intensity altered the preferential absorption of N sources. The lower (15)N-nitrate in root but higher in shoot and the higher (15)N-glycine in root but lower in shoot suggested that most (15)N-nitrate uptake by root transported to shoot rapidly, with the shoot being important for nitrate assimilation, and the N contribution of glycine was limited by post-uptake metabolism. The amount of glycine that was taken up by the plant was likely limited by root uptake at low light intensities and by the metabolism of ammonium produced by glycine at high light intensities. These results indicate that pakchoi has the ability to uptake a large quantity of glycine, but that uptake is strongly regulated by light intensity, with metabolism in the root inhibiting its N contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenhai Mi
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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29
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Rodríguez‐Echeverría S, Lozano YM, Bardgett RD. Influence of soil microbiota in nurse plant systems. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez‐Echeverría
- CFE‐Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Calçada Martim de Freitas 3000‐456 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Yudi M. Lozano
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Carretera de Sacramento s/n E‐04120 La Cañada de San Urbano Almería Spain
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Michael Smith Building Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
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30
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Brackin R, Näsholm T, Robinson N, Guillou S, Vinall K, Lakshmanan P, Schmidt S, Inselsbacher E. Nitrogen fluxes at the root-soil interface show a mismatch of nitrogen fertilizer supply and sugarcane root uptake capacity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15727. [PMID: 26496834 PMCID: PMC4620560 DOI: 10.1038/srep15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally only ≈50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer is captured by crops, and the remainder can cause pollution via runoff and gaseous emissions. Synchronizing soil N supply and crop demand will address this problem, however current soil analysis methods provide little insight into delivery and acquisition of N forms by roots. We used microdialysis, a novel technique for in situ quantification of soil nutrient fluxes, to measure N fluxes in sugarcane cropping soils receiving different fertilizer regimes, and compare these with N uptake capacities of sugarcane roots. We show that in fertilized sugarcane soils, fluxes of inorganic N exceed the uptake capacities of sugarcane roots by several orders of magnitude. Contrary, fluxes of organic N closely matched roots' uptake capacity. These results indicate root uptake capacity constrains plant acquisition of inorganic N. This mismatch between soil N supply and root N uptake capacity is a likely key driver for low N efficiency in the studied crop system. Our results also suggest that (i) the relative contribution of inorganic N for plant nutrition may be overestimated when relying on soil extracts as indicators for root-available N, and (ii) organic N may contribute more to crop N supply than is currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brackin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicole Robinson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stéphane Guillou
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kerry Vinall
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugar Research Australia, 50 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Erich Inselsbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- University of Vienna, Department of Geography and Regional Research, Vienna, AT-1090, Austria
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31
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Ma S, Zhu X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Che R, Wang F, Liu H, Niu H, Wang S, Cui X. Warming decreased and grazing increased plant uptake of amino acids in an alpine meadow. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3995-4005. [PMID: 26442646 PMCID: PMC4588656 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (N) uptake by plants has been recognized as a significant component of terrestrial N cycle. Several studies indicated that plants have the ability to switch their preference between inorganic and organic forms of N in diverse environments; however, research on plant community response in organic nitrogen uptake to warming and grazing is scarce. Here, we demonstrated that organic N uptake by an alpine plant community decreased under warming with 13C–15N‐enriched glycine addition method. After 6 years of treatment, warming decreased plant organic N uptake by 37% as compared to control treatment. Under the condition of grazing, warming reduced plant organic N uptake by 44%. Grazing alone significantly increased organic N absorption by 15%, whereas under warming condition grazing did not affect organic N uptake by the Kobresia humilis community on Tibetan Plateau. Besides, soil NO3–N content explained more than 70% of the variability observed in glycine uptake, and C:N ratio in soil dissolved organic matter remarkably increased under warming treatment. These results suggested warming promoted soil microbial activity and dissolved organic N mineralization. Grazing stimulated organic N uptake by plants, which counteracted the effect of warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Department of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hanke Liu
- Department of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haishan Niu
- Department of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China ; Huairou Ecological and Environmental Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China ; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Beijing 100101 China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- Department of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China ; Huairou Ecological and Environmental Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China
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32
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Chen J, Carrillo Y, Pendall E, Dijkstra FA, Dave Evans R, Morgan JA, Williams DG. Soil Microbes Compete Strongly with Plants for Soil Inorganic and Amino Acid Nitrogen in a Semiarid Grassland Exposed to Elevated CO2 and Warming. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Subbarao GV, Yoshihashi T, Worthington M, Nakahara K, Ando Y, Sahrawat KL, Rao IM, Lata JC, Kishii M, Braun HJ. Suppression of soil nitrification by plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 233:155-164. [PMID: 25711823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification, the biological oxidation of ammonium to nitrate, weakens the soil's ability to retain N and facilitates N-losses from production agriculture through nitrate-leaching and denitrification. This process has a profound influence on what form of mineral-N is absorbed, used by plants, and retained in the soil, or lost to the environment, which in turn affects N-cycling, N-use efficiency (NUE) and ecosystem health and services. As reactive-N is often the most limiting in natural ecosystems, plants have acquired a range of mechanisms that suppress soil-nitrifier activity to limit N-losses via N-leaching and denitrification. Plants' ability to produce and release nitrification inhibitors from roots and suppress soil-nitrifier activity is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI). With recent developments in methodology for in-situ measurement of nitrification inhibition, it is now possible to characterize BNI function in plants. This review assesses the current status of our understanding of the production and release of biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) and their potential in improving NUE in agriculture. A suite of genetic, soil and environmental factors regulate BNI activity in plants. BNI-function can be genetically exploited to improve the BNI-capacity of major food- and feed-crops to develop next-generation production systems with reduced nitrification and N2O emission rates to benefit both agriculture and the environment. The feasibility of such an approach is discussed based on the progresses made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntur Venkata Subbarao
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Yoshihashi
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakahara
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ando
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kanwar Lal Sahrawat
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Lata
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7618, InstitutiEESParis, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex, France; Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry, Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Street, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Masahiro Kishii
- CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Hans-Joachim Braun
- CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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34
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Kazenel MR, Debban CL, Ranelli L, Hendricks WQ, Chung YA, Pendergast TH, Charlton ND, Young CA, Rudgers JA. A mutualistic endophyte alters the niche dimensions of its host plant. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv005. [PMID: 25603965 PMCID: PMC4354242 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutualisms can play important roles in influencing species coexistence and determining community composition. However, few studies have tested whether such interactions can affect species distributions by altering the niches of partner species. In subalpine meadows of the Rocky Mountains, USA, we explored whether the presence of a fungal endophyte (genus Epichloë) may shift the niche of its partner plant, marsh bluegrass (Poa leptocoma) relative to a closely related but endophyte-free grass species, nodding bluegrass (Poa reflexa). Using observations and a 3-year field experiment, we tested two questions: (i) Do P. leptocoma and P. reflexa occupy different ecological niches? and (ii) Does endophyte presence affect the relative fitness of P. leptocoma versus P. reflexa in the putative niches of these grass species? The two species were less likely to co-occur than expected by chance. Specifically, P. leptocoma grew closer to water sources and in wetter soils than P. reflexa, and also had higher root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. Endophyte-symbiotic P. leptocoma seeds germinated with greater frequency in P. leptocoma niches relative to P. reflexa niches, whereas neither endophyte-free (experimentally removed) P. leptocoma seeds nor P. reflexa seeds showed differential germination between the two niche types. Thus, endophyte presence constrained the germination and early survival of host plants to microsites occupied by P. leptocoma. However, endophyte-symbiotic P. leptocoma ultimately showed greater growth than endophyte-free plants across all microsites, indicating a net benefit of the symbiosis at this life history stage. Differential effects of endophyte symbiosis on different host life history stages may thus contribute to niche partitioning between the two congeneric plant species. Our study therefore identifies a symbiotic relationship as a potential mechanism facilitating the coexistence of two species, suggesting that symbiont effects on host niche may have community-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Catherine L Debban
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Luciana Ranelli
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Morris, MN 56267, USA
| | - Will Q Hendricks
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Y Anny Chung
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas H Pendergast
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nikki D Charlton
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Carolyn A Young
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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35
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Wilkinson A, Hill PW, Vaieretti MV, Farrar JF, Jones DL, Bardgett RD. Challenging the paradigm of nitrogen cycling: no evidence of in situ resource partitioning by coexisting plant species in grasslands of contrasting fertility. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:275-87. [PMID: 25691957 PMCID: PMC4314261 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In monoculture, certain plant species are able to preferentially utilize different nitrogen (N) forms, both inorganic and organic, including amino acids and peptides, thus forming fundamental niches based on the chemical form of N. Results from field studies, however, are inconsistent: Some showing that coexisting plant species predominantly utilize inorganic N, while others reveal distinct interspecies preferences for different N forms. As a result, the extent to which hypothetical niches are realized in nature remains unclear. Here, we used in situ stable isotope tracer techniques to test the idea, in temperate grassland, that niche partitioning of N based on chemical form is related to plant productivity and the relative availability of organic and inorganic N. We also tested in situ whether grassland plants vary in their ability to compete for, and utilize peptides, which have recently been shown to act as an N source for plants in strongly N-limited ecosystems. We hypothesized that plants would preferentially use NO3 (-)-N and NH4 (+)-N over dissolved organic N in high-productivity grassland where inorganic N availability is high. On the other hand, in low-productivity grasslands, where the availability of dissolved inorganic N is low, and soil availability of dissolved organic N is greater, we predicted that plants would preferentially use N from amino acids and peptides, prior to microbial mineralization. Turves from two well-characterized grasslands of contrasting productivity and soil N availability were injected, in situ, with mixtures of (15)N-labeled inorganic N (NO3 (-) and NH4 (+)) and (13)C(15)N labeled amino acid (l-alanine) and peptide (l-tri-alanine). In order to measure rapid assimilation of these N forms by soil microbes and plants, the uptake of these substrates was traced within 2.5 hours into the shoots of the most abundant plant species, as well as roots and the soil microbial biomass. We found that, contrary to our hypothesis, the majority of plant species across both grasslands took up most N in the form of NH4 (+), suggesting that inorganic N is their predominant N source. However, we did find that organic N was a source of N which could be utilized by plant species at both sites, and in the low-productivity grassland, plants were able to capture some tri-alanine-N directly. Although our findings did not support the hypothesis that differences in the availability of inorganic and organic N facilitate resource partitioning in grassland, they do support the emerging view that peptides represent a significant, but until now neglected, component of the terrestrial N cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkinson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityBailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Paul W Hill
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor UniversityGwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - María V Vaieretti
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - John F Farrar
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor UniversityGwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor UniversityGwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityBailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
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36
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Pannek A, Duprè C, Gowing DJG, Stevens CJ, Diekmann M. Spatial gradient in nitrogen deposition affects plant species frequency in acidic grasslands. Oecologia 2014; 177:39-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Perchlik M, Foster J, Tegeder M. Different and overlapping functions of Arabidopsis LHT6 and AAP1 transporters in root amino acid uptake. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5193-204. [PMID: 25005136 PMCID: PMC4157705 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants acquire nitrogen in the form of amino acids from the soil, and transport proteins located in the plasma membrane of root cells are required for this process. It was found that the Arabidopsis lysine-histidine-like transporter LHT6 is expressed in root cells important for amino acid uptake, including the epidermis, root hairs, and cortex. Transport studies with lht6 mutants using high levels of amino acids demonstrated that LHT6 is in fact involved in amino acid uptake. To determine if LHT6 plays a role in nitrogen acquisition at soil amino acid concentrations, growth and uptake studies were performed with low levels of toxic amino acid analogues and radiolabelled amino acids, respectively. In addition, mutants of AAP1, another root amino acid transporter, and lht6/aap1 double mutants were examined. The results showed that LHT6 is involved in uptake of acidic amino acids, glutamine and alanine, and probably phenylalanine. LHT6 seems not to transport basic or other neutral amino acids, or, alternatively, other transporters might compensate for eliminated LHT6 function. Previous studies suggested that AAP1 only takes up amino acids at high concentrations; however, here it is demonstrated that the transporter functions in acquisition of glutamate and neutral amino acids when present at soil concentrations. When comparing the characterized root uptake systems, it appears that transporters both with overlapping substrate specificity and with preference for specific substrates are required to access the soil amino acid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Perchlik
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Justin Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Steidinger BS, Turner BL, Corrales A, Dalling JW. Variability in potential to exploit different soil organic phosphorus compounds among tropical montane tree species. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Steidinger
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Indiana University Bloomington Indiana47405 USA
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - James W. Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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Styring AK, Fraser RA, Bogaard A, Evershed RP. The effect of manuring on cereal and pulse amino acid δ(15)N values. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:40-5. [PMID: 24631496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid δ(15)N values of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains and rachis and broad bean (Vicia faba) and pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, grown in manured and unmanured soil at the experimental farm stations of Rothamsted, UK and Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, were determined by GC-C-IRMS. Manuring was found to result in a consistent (15)N-enrichment of cereal grain amino acid δ(15)N values, indicating that manuring did not affect the metabolic routing of nitrogen (N) into cereal grain amino acids. The increase in cereal grain δ(15)N values with manuring is therefore due to a (15)N-enrichment in the δ(15)N value of assimilated inorganic-N. Greater variation was observed in the (15)N-enrichment of rachis amino acids with manuring, possibly due to enhanced sensitivity to changes in growing conditions and higher turnover of N in rachis cells compared to cereal grains. Total amino acid δ(15)N values of manured and unmanured broad beans and peas were very similar, indicating that the legumes assimilated N2 from the atmosphere rather than N from the soil, since there was no evidence for routing of (15)N-enriched manure N into any of the pulse amino acids. Crop amino acid δ(15)N values thus provide insights into the sources of N assimilated by non N2-fixing and N2-fixing crops grown on manured and unmanured soils, and reveal an effect of manure on N metabolism in different crop species and plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Styring
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca A Fraser
- School of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont Street, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Bogaard
- School of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont Street, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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40
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Boczulak SA, Hawkins BJ, Roy R. Temperature effects on nitrogen form uptake by seedling roots of three contrasting conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:513-523. [PMID: 24831958 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant species may show a preference for uptake of particular nitrogen (N) forms, but little is known about how N form preference is influenced by soil temperature. Potential future changes in soil N form availability and plant N form preference in warmer soils might shift competitive interactions among forest tree species. We compared the N uptake and growth of three conifer species from contrasting environments grown at rhizosphere temperatures of 10, 16 or 20 °C and supplied with ammonium (NH4 (+)) or nitrate (NO3 (-)) or a mix of arginine and alanine. Short-term N uptake was assessed using ion-selective microelectrodes and application of (15)N, and long-term uptake was assessed by plant N status. Species exhibited preferences for particular N forms, and these preferences related to the N form most available in native soils. Specifically, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) showed a preference for nitrate (a N form commonly found in warmer areas), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) preferred ammonium (a N form abundant in cold soils) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) showed a preference for ammonium and organic N (organic N is often abundant in cold soils). Relative N form preference, as indicated by plant growth, changed with temperature in some species, indicating that these species could acclimate to changing rhizosphere temperatures. Understanding how conifers utilize available soil nutrients at different temperatures can help to predict species' future performance as soil temperatures rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boczulak
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
| | - B J Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
| | - R Roy
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
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41
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Månsson KF, Olsson MO, Falkengren-Grerup U, Bengtsson G. Soil moisture variations affect short-term plant-microbial competition for ammonium, glycine, and glutamate. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1061-72. [PMID: 24772283 PMCID: PMC3997322 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested whether the presence of plant roots would impair the uptake of ammonium (), glycine, and glutamate by microorganisms in a deciduous forest soil exposed to constant or variable moisture in a short-term (24-h) experiment. The uptake of 15NH4 and dual labeled amino acids by the grass Festuca gigantea L. and soil microorganisms was determined in planted and unplanted soils maintained at 60% WHC (water holding capacity) or subject to drying and rewetting. The experiment used a design by which competition was tested in soils that were primed by plant roots to the same extent in the planted and unplanted treatments. Festuca gigantea had no effect on microbial N uptake in the constant moist soil, but its presence doubled the microbial uptake in the dried and rewetted soil compared with the constant moist. The drying and rewetting reduced by half or more the uptake by F. gigantea, despite more than 60% increase in the soil concentration of . At the same time, the amino acid and -N became equally valued in the plant uptake, suggesting that plants used amino acids to compensate for the lower acquisition. Our results demonstrate the flexibility in plant-microbial use of different N sources in response to soil moisture fluctuations and emphasize the importance of including transient soil conditions in experiments on resource competition between plants and soil microorganisms. Competition between plants and microorganisms for N is demonstrated by a combination of removal of one of the potential competitors, the plant, and subsequent observations of the uptake of N in the organisms in soils that differ only in the physical presence and absence of the plant during a short assay. Those conditions are necessary to unequivocally test for competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina F Månsson
- Department of Ecology, Lund University Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus O Olsson
- Department of Ecology, Lund University Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Lund University Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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42
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Styring AK, Fraser RA, Bogaard A, Evershed RP. Cereal grain, rachis and pulse seed amino acid δ15N values as indicators of plant nitrogen metabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 97:20-9. [PMID: 23790569 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural abundance δ(15)N values of plant tissue amino acids (AAs) reflect the cycling of N into and within plants, providing an opportunity to better understand environmental and anthropogenic effects on plant metabolism. In this study, the AA δ(15)N values of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains and rachis and broad bean (Vicia faba) and pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, grown at the experimental farm stations of Rothamsted, UK and Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, were determined by GC-C-IRMS. It was found that the δ(15)N values of cereal grain and rachis AAs could be largely attributed to metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis and catabolism. The relative (15)N-enrichment of phenylalanine can be attributed to its involvement in the phenylpropanoid pathway and glutamate has a δ(15)N value which is an average of the other AAs due to its central role in AA-N cycling. The relative AA δ(15)N values of broad bean and pea seeds were very different from one another, providing evidence for differences in the metabolic routing of AAs to the developing seeds in these leguminous plants. This study has shown that AA δ(15)N values relate to known AA biosynthetic pathways in plants and thus have the potential to aid understanding of how various external factors, such as source of assimilated N, influence metabolic cycling of N within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Styring
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca A Fraser
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Bogaard
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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43
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Gundale MJ, From F, Bach LH, Nordin A. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in boreal forests has a minor impact on the global carbon cycle. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:276-86. [PMID: 24115224 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that increases in anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr ) deposition may cause temperate and boreal forests to sequester a globally significant quantity of carbon (C); however, long-term data from boreal forests describing how C sequestration responds to realistic levels of chronic Nr deposition are scarce. Using a long-term (14-year) stand-scale (0.1 ha) N addition experiment (three levels: 0, 12.5, and 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) ) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden, we evaluated how chronic N additions altered N uptake and biomass of understory communities, and whether changes in understory communities explained N uptake and C sequestration by trees. We hypothesized that understory communities (i.e. mosses and shrubs) serve as important sinks for low-level N additions, with the strength of these sinks weakening as chronic N addition rates increase, due to shifts in species composition. We further hypothesized that trees would exhibit nonlinear increases in N acquisition, and subsequent C sequestration as N addition rates increased, due to a weakening understory N sink. Our data showed that understory biomass was reduced by 50% in response to the high N addition treatment, mainly due to reduced moss biomass. A (15) N labeling experiment showed that feather mosses acquired the largest fraction of applied label, with this fraction decreasing as the chronic N addition level increased. Contrary to our hypothesis, the proportion of label taken up by trees was equal (ca. 8%) across all three N addition treatments. The relationship between N addition and C sequestration in all vegetation pools combined was linear, and had a slope of 16 kg C kg(-1) N. While canopy retention of Nr deposition may cause C sequestration rates to be slightly different than this estimate, our data suggest that a minor quantity of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions are sequestered into boreal forests as a result of Nr deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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44
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McNickle GG, Deyholos MK, Cahill Jr JF. Ecological implications of single and mixed nitrogen nutrition in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:28. [PMID: 23875896 PMCID: PMC3723926 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecologists recognize that plants capture nitrogen in many chemical forms that include amino acids. Access to multiple nitrogen types in plant communities has been argued to enhance plant performance, access to nitrogen and alter ecological interactions in ways that may promote species coexistence. However, data supporting these arguments have been limited. While it is known that plants uptake amino acids from soil, long term studies that link amino acid uptake to measures of plant performance and potential reproductive effort are not typically performed. Here, a series of experiments that link uptake of nitrate, glutamine or asparagine with lifetime reproductive effort in Arabidopsis thaliana are reported. Nitrogen was offered either singly or in mixture and at a variety of combinations. Traits related to reproductive output were measured, as was the preference for each type of nitrogen. RESULTS When plants were supplied with a single nitrogen type at concentrations from 0.1-0.9 mM, the ranking of nitrogen types was nitrate > glutamine > asparagine in terms of the relative performance of plants. When plants were supplied with two types of nitrogen in mixture at ratios between 0.1:0.9-0.9:0.1 mM, again plants performed best when nitrate was present, and poorly when amino acids were mixed. Additionally, stable isotopes revealed that plants preferentially captured nitrogen types matching the hierarchy of nitrate > glutamine > asparagine. Comparing between the two experiments revealed that mixed nitrogen nutrition was a net cost to the plants. CONCLUSIONS Plant performance on mixed nitrogen was less than half the performance on equal amounts of any single nitrogen type. We asked: why did A. thaliana capture amino acids when doing so resulted in a net cost? We argue that available data cannot yet answer this question, but hypothesize that access to lower quality forms of nitrogen may become important when plants compete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon G McNickle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
- Current address: Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - James F Cahill Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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Subbarao GV, Sahrawat KL, Nakahara K, Rao IM, Ishitani M, Hash CT, Kishii M, Bonnett DG, Berry WL, Lata JC. A paradigm shift towards low-nitrifying production systems: the role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:297-316. [PMID: 23118123 PMCID: PMC3698375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture is the single largest geo-engineering initiative that humans have initiated on planet Earth, largely through the introduction of unprecedented amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) into ecosystems. A major portion of this reactive N applied as fertilizer leaks into the environment in massive amounts, with cascading negative effects on ecosystem health and function. Natural ecosystems utilize many of the multiple pathways in the N cycle to regulate N flow. In contrast, the massive amounts of N currently applied to agricultural systems cycle primarily through the nitrification pathway, a single inefficient route that channels much of this reactive N into the environment. This is largely due to the rapid nitrifying soil environment of present-day agricultural systems. SCOPE In this Viewpoint paper, the importance of regulating nitrification as a strategy to minimize N leakage and to improve N-use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems is highlighted. The ability to suppress soil nitrification by the release of nitrification inhibitors from plant roots is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI), an active plant-mediated natural function that can limit the amount of N cycling via the nitrification pathway. The development of a bioassay using luminescent Nitrosomonas to quantify nitrification inhibitory activity from roots has facilitated the characterization of BNI function. Release of BNIs from roots is a tightly regulated physiological process, with extensive genetic variability found in selected crops and pasture grasses. Here, the current status of understanding of the BNI function is reviewed using Brachiaria forage grasses, wheat and sorghum to illustrate how BNI function can be utilized for achieving low-nitrifying agricultural systems. A fundamental shift towards ammonium (NH4(+))-dominated agricultural systems could be achieved by using crops and pastures with high BNI capacities. When viewed from an agricultural and environmental perspective, the BNI function in plants could potentially have a large influence on biogeochemical cycling and closure of the N loop in crop-livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Subbarao
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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46
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Gherardi LA, Sala OE, Yahdjian L. Preference for different inorganic nitrogen forms among plant functional types and species of the Patagonian steppe. Oecologia 2013; 173:1075-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Reichmann LG, Sala OE, Peters DPC. Water controls on nitrogen transformations and stocks in an arid ecosystem. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00263.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Medina-Roldán E, Bardgett RD. Inter-specific competition, but not different soil microbial communities, affects N chemical forms uptake by competing graminoids of upland grasslands. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51193. [PMID: 23236451 PMCID: PMC3517470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence that plants differ in their ability to take up both organic (ON) and inorganic (IN) forms of nitrogen (N) has increased ecologists' interest on resource-based plant competition. However, whether plant uptake of IN and ON responds to differences in soil microbial community composition and/or functioning has not yet been explored, despite soil microbes playing a key role in N cycling. Here, we report results from a competition experiment testing the hypothesis that soil microbial communities differing in metabolic activity as a result of long-term differences to grazing exposure could modify N uptake of Eriophorum vaginatum L. and Nardus stricta L. These graminoids co-occur on nutrient-poor, mountain grasslands where E. vaginatum decreases and N. stricta increases in response to long-term grazing. We inoculated sterilised soil with soil microbial communities from continuously grazed and ungrazed grasslands and planted soils with both E. vaginatum and N. stricta, and then tracked uptake of isotopically labelled NH(4) (+) (IN) and glycine (ON) into plant tissues. The metabolically different microbial communities had no effect on N uptake by either of the graminoids, which might suggest functional equivalence of soil microbes in their impacts on plant N uptake. Consistent with its dominance in soils with greater concentrations of ON relative to IN in the soluble N pool, Eriophorum vaginatum took up more glycine than N. stricta. Nardus stricta reduced the glycine proportion taken up by E. vaginatum, thus increasing niche overlap in N usage between these species. Local abundances of these species in mountain grasslands are principally controlled by grazing and soil moisture, although our results suggest that changes in the relative availability of ON to IN can also play a role. Our results also suggest that coexistence of these species in mountain grasslands is likely based on non-equilibrium mechanisms such as disturbance and/or soil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Medina-Roldán
- Soil and Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
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von Felten S, Niklaus PA, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Hector A, Buchmann N. Do grassland plant communities profit from N partitioning by soil depth? Ecology 2012; 93:2386-96. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1439.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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García-Palacios P, Maestre FT, Bardgett RD, de Kroon H. Plant responses to soil heterogeneity and global environmental change. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012; 100:1303-1314. [PMID: 25914423 PMCID: PMC4407979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that soil nutrient heterogeneity, a ubiquitous feature of terrestrial ecosystems, modulates plant responses to ongoing global change (GC). However, we know little about the overall trends of such responses, the GC drivers involved, and the plant attributes affected.We synthesized literature to answer the question: Does soil heterogeneity significantly affect plant responses to main GC drivers, such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2), nitrogen (N) enrichment and changes in rainfall regime?Overall, most studies have addressed short-term effects of N enrichment on the performance of model plant communities using experiments conducted under controlled conditions. The role of soil heterogeneity as a modulator of plant responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the plasticity in nutrient uptake patterns. Soil heterogeneity does interact with N enrichment to determine plant growth and nutrient status, but the outcome of this interaction has been found to be both synergistic and inhibitory. The very few studies published on interactive effects of soil heterogeneity and changes in rainfall regime prevented us from identifying any general pattern.We identify the long-term consequences of soil heterogeneity on plant community dynamics in the field, and the ecosystem level responses of the soil heterogeneity × GC driver interaction, as the main knowledge gaps in this area of research.In order to fill these gaps and take soil heterogeneity and GC research a step forward, we propose the following research guidelines: 1) combining morphological and physiological plant responses to soil heterogeneity with field observations of community composition and predictions from simulation models; and 2) incorporating soil heterogeneity into a trait-based response-effect framework, where plant resource-use traits are used as both response variables to this heterogeneity and GC, and predictors of ecosystem functioning.Synthesis. There is enough evidence to affirm that soil heterogeneity modulates plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 and N enrichment. Our synthesis indicates that we must explicitly consider soil heterogeneity to accurately predict plant responses to GC drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Palacios
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- Soil and Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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