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El-Sayed A, Kapila D, Taha RSI, El-Sayed S, Mahen MRA, Taha R, Alrubaiy L. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Middle East Perspective. J Pers Med 2024; 14:652. [PMID: 38929872 PMCID: PMC11204866 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is of paramount importance in preserving internal balance in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, disruptions in its regulation have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This article explores the intricate details of the gastrointestinal microbiome as it pertains to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with an emphasis on the Middle East. The study reviews the typical gut microbiome, modifications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), determinants impacting the gut microbiome of the Middle East, and prospective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK; (A.E.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Diya Kapila
- Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK; (A.E.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Rama Sami Issa Taha
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
| | | | - Mohd Rafiw Ahmed Mahen
- Department of Medicine, King’s College Hospital London, Dubai P.O. Box 340901, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Roa’a Taha
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Laith Alrubaiy
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Sun L, Fang K, Yang Z. Combination therapy with probiotics and anti-PD-L1 antibody synergistically ameliorates sepsis in mouse model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31747. [PMID: 38828304 PMCID: PMC11140784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of probiotics in conjunction with an anti-PD-L1 antibody on the immune functions of septic mice. Sixty-four mice were assigned to sepsis groups receiving vehicle, probiotics, and anti-PD-L1 antibody individually or in combination, with healthy mice as controls. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed by intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Blood and tissues were collected one day post-injection for detecting inflammation-related cytokines, Treg, PI3K/Akt pathway-related protein expression, and lung tissue pathology. The survival time of the remaining ten mice was recorded over seven days. Compared to healthy mice, septic mice given PBS exhibited significantly different serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-10, and IFN-γ (all p < 0.001). Treatment with anti-PD-L1 antibody combined with probiotics significantly increased the 7-day survival rate in septic mice, accompanied by decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, improved oxidative stress, reduced lung injury, and enhanced Th17/Treg balance. This combined therapy demonstrated superior efficacy compared to antibodies or probiotics alone. Additionally, it facilitated peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis, enhancing protection by blocking PD-L1 function and inhibiting PI3K-dependent AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, combining probiotics with an anti-PD-L1 antibody enhances protective effects in septic mice by reducing serum inflammatory factors, promoting neutrophil apoptosis, regulating Th17/Treg balance, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Lauricella S, Rausa E, Pellegrini I, Ricci MT, Signoroni S, Palassini E, Cavalcoli F, Pasanisi P, Colombo C, Vitellaro M. Current management of familial adenomatous polyposis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:363-377. [PMID: 38785081 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2344649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION APC-associated polyposis is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the development of multiple adenomas in the digestive tract. Individuals with APC-associated polyposis need to be managed by specialized multidisciplinary teams in dedicated centers. AREAS COVERED The study aimed to review the literature on Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) to provide an update on diagnostic and surgical management while focusing on strategies to minimize the risk of desmoid-type fibromatosis, cancer in anorectal remnant, and postoperative complications. FAP individuals require a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, surveillance, preventive surgery, and addressing specific extracolonic concerns such as duodenal and desmoid tumors. Management should be personalized considering all factors: genotype, phenotype, and personal needs. Total colectomy and ileo-rectal anastomosis have been shown to yield superior QoL results when compared to Restorative Procto colectomy and ileopouch-anal anastomosis with acceptable oncological risk of developing cancer in the rectal stump if patients rigorously adhere to lifelong endoscopic surveillance. Additionally, a low-inflammatory diet may prevent adenomas and cancer by modulating systemic and tissue inflammatory indices. EXPERT OPINION FAP management requires a multidisciplinary and personalized approach. Integrating genetic advances, innovative surveillance techniques, and emerging therapeutic modalities will contribute to improving outcomes and quality of life for FAP individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lauricella
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rausa
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pellegrini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ricci
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoroni
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Palassini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cavalcoli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vitellaro
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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4
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Silverman GJ, Azzouz DF, Gisch N, Amarnani A. The gut microbiome in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from rheumatic fever. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:143-157. [PMID: 38321297 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
For more than a century, certain bacterial infections that can breach the skin and mucosal barriers have been implicated as common triggers of autoimmune syndromes, especially post-infection autoimmune diseases that include rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. However, only in the past few years has the importance of imbalances within our own commensal microbiota communities, and within the gut, in the absence of infection, in promoting autoimmune pathogenesis become fully appreciated. A diversity of species and mechanisms have been implicated, including disruption of the gut barrier. Emerging data suggest that expansions (or blooms) of pathobiont species are involved in autoimmune pathogenesis and stimulate clonal expansion of T cells and B cells that recognize microbial antigens. This Review discusses the relationship between the gut microbiome and the immune system, and the potential consequence of disrupting the community balance in terms of autoimmune development, focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus. Notably, inter-relationships between expansions of certain members within gut microbiota communities and concurrent autoimmune responses bear features reminiscent of classical post-infection autoimmune disease. From such insights, new therapeutic opportunities are being considered to restore the balance within microbiota communities or re-establishing the gut-barrier integrity to reinforce immune homeostasis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Doua F Azzouz
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Abhimanyu Amarnani
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Wang S, Ju D, Zeng X. Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Human Gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2024; 12:194. [PMID: 38255298 PMCID: PMC10813426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating various aspects of human health and disease. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and pharmaceuticals, uncovering profound implications for drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety. This review depicted the landscape of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of dynamic human gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions (MDI), with an emphasis on the impact of MDI on drug responses and individual variations. This review also discussed the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota or harnessing its metabolic capabilities to optimize clinical treatments and advance personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and future directions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
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6
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Fetter K, Weigel M, Ott B, Fritzenwanker M, Stricker S, de Laffolie J, Hain T. The microbiome landscape in pediatric Crohn's disease and therapeutic implications. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2247019. [PMID: 37614093 PMCID: PMC10453987 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and a pathological immune response in intestinal tissues form the basis of Crohn's disease (CD), which is a debilitating disease with relevant morbidity and mortality. It is increasing in childhood and adolescents, due to western life-style and nutrition and a large set of predisposing genetic factors. Crohn's disease-associated genetic mutations play an essential role in killing pathogens, altering mucosal barrier function, and protecting the host microbiome, suggesting an important pathogenic link. The intestinal microbiome is highly variable and can be influenced by environmental factors. Changes in microbial composition and a reduction in species diversity have been shown to be central features of disease progression and are therefore the target of therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of the gut microbiome in childhood, adolescent, and adult CD, current therapeutic options, and their impact on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fetter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ott
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Moritz Fritzenwanker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan de Laffolie
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Wei K, Wei Y, Wang Y, Wei X. Amelioration Effects and Regulatory Mechanisms of Different Tea Active Ingredients on DSS-Induced Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16604-16617. [PMID: 37876151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential biological function of tea and its active components on colitis has attracted wide attention. In this study, different tea active ingredients including tea polyphenols (TPPs), tea polysaccharides (TPSs), theabrownin (TB), and theanine (TA) have been compared in the intervention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Specifically, TPP showed the greatest effect on colitis since it reduced 60.87% of disease activity index (DAI) compared to that of the DSS-induced colitis group, followed by the reduction of 39.13% of TPS and 28.26% of TB on DAI, whereas there was no obvious alleviative effect of TA on colitis. TPP, TPS, and TB could regulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota to increase the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and enhance intestinal barrier function. Further evidence was observed that TPP and TPS regulated the activation of Nrf2/ARE and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB P65 pathway to alleviate the colitis. Results of cell experiments demonstrated that TPP showed the greatest antiapoptosis and mitochondrial function protective capability among the tea ingredients via inhibiting the Cytc/Cleaved-caspase-3 signaling pathway. In summary, the superior anticolitis activity of TPP compared to TPS and TB is primarily attributed to its unique upregulation of the abundance of Akkermansia and its ability to regulate the mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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8
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Zhu L, Qiao L, Dou X, Song X, Chang J, Zeng X, Xu C. Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 combined with vasoactive intestinal peptide alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115033. [PMID: 37379640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is related to an immunological imbalance of the intestinal mucosa. Many clinical evidences indicate probiotics supplementation appears to be effective and safe in patients with UC. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an endogenous neuropeptide with multiple physiological and pathological effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of the combination of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) with VIP on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice and the potential mechanism. The results showed that, compared with the control group, DSS treatment significantly shortened the colon length, caused inflammation and oxidative stress, and further resulted in the intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition, intervention with L. casei ATCC 393, VIP or L. casei ATCC 393 combined with VIP significantly reduced UC disease activity index. However, compared with L. casei ATCC 393 or VIP, L. casei ATCC 393 combined with VIP effectively relieved symptoms of UC by regulating immune response, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study suggests that L. casei ATCC 393 combined with VIP can effectively relieve DSS-induced UC, which is a promising treatment strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xiaofan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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Remund B, Yilmaz B, Sokollik C. D-Lactate: Implications for Gastrointestinal Diseases. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:945. [PMID: 37371177 DOI: 10.3390/children10060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
D-lactate is produced in very low amounts in human tissues. However, certain bacteria in the human intestine produce D-lactate. In some gastrointestinal diseases, increased bacterial D-lactate production and uptake from the gut into the bloodstream take place. In its extreme, excessive accumulation of D-lactate in humans can lead to potentially life-threatening D-lactic acidosis. This metabolic phenomenon is well described in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. Less is known about a subclinical rise in D-lactate. We discuss in this review the pathophysiology of D-lactate in the human body. We cover D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome as well as subclinical elevations of D-lactate in other diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we argue for the potential of D-lactate as a marker of intestinal barrier integrity in the context of dysbiosis. Subsequently, we conclude that there is a research need to establish D-lactate as a minimally invasive biomarker in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barblin Remund
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sokollik
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Ohkusa T, Nishikawa Y, Sato N. Gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal bacteria: Advances in research and applications in therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:935676. [PMID: 36825261 PMCID: PMC9941163 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.935676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria coexist with humans and play a role in suppressing the invasion of pathogens, producing short-chain fatty acids, producing vitamins, and controlling the immune system. Studies have been carried out on culturable bacterial species using bacterial culture methods for many years. However, as metagenomic analysis of bacterial genes has been developed since the 1990s, it has recently revealed that many bacteria in the intestine cannot be cultured and that approximately 1,000 species and 40 trillion bacteria are present in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the composition of the microbiota is different in each disease state compared with the healthy state, and dysbiosis has received much attention as a cause of various diseases. Regarding gastrointestinal diseases, dysbiosis has been reported to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent findings have also suggested that dysbiosis is involved in colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and so on. This review focuses on the relationship between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary diseases and also discusses new therapies targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriko Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, Sánchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Innate Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021526. [PMID: 36675038 PMCID: PMC9863490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation with no exact known cause. Intestinal innate immunity is enacted by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), and innate lymphoid cells and NK cells, characterized by their capacity to produce a rapid and nonspecific reaction as a first-line response. Innate immune cells (IIC) defend against pathogens and excessive entry of intestinal microorganisms, while preserving immune tolerance to resident intestinal microbiota. Changes to this equilibrium are linked to intestinal inflammation in the gut and IBD. IICs mediate host defense responses, inflammation, and tissue healing by producing cytokines and chemokines, activating the complement cascade and phagocytosis, or presenting antigens to activate the adaptive immune response. IICs exert important functions that promote or ameliorate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie and sustain IBD. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations will be important for developing therapies targeting the innate immune system in IBD patients. This review examines the complex roles of and interactions among IICs, and their interactions with other immune and non-immune cells in homeostasis and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Sánchez-Martinez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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12
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Talapko J, Včev A, Meštrović T, Pustijanac E, Jukić M, Škrlec I. Homeostasis and Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota: Comparing Hallmarks of a Healthy State with Changes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122405. [PMID: 36557658 PMCID: PMC9781915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, which represent a community of different microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, are crucial to preserving human health by participating in various physiological functions and acting as a metabolic organ. In physiological conditions, microbiota-host partnership exerts homeostatic stability; however, changes in intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and its two main disease entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The incidence and prevalence of these inflammatory conditions have increased rapidly in the last decade, becoming a significant problem for the healthcare system and a true challenge in finding novel therapeutic solutions. The issue is that, despite numerous studies, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely clear. Based on current knowledge, chronic intestinal inflammation occurs due to altered intestinal microbiota and environmental factors, as well as a complex interplay between the genetic predisposition of the host and an inappropriate innate and acquired immune response. It is important to note that the development of biological and immunomodulatory therapy has led to significant progress in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Certain lifestyle changes and novel approaches-including fecal microbiota transplantation and nutritional supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-have offered solutions for dysbiosis management and paved the way towards restoring a healthy microbiome, with only minimal long-term unfavorable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (I.Š.)
| | - Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Melita Jukić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (I.Š.)
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13
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Shen Z, Luo W, Tan B, Nie K, Deng M, Wu S, Xiao M, Wu X, Meng X, Tong T, Zhang C, Ma K, Liao Y, Xu J, Wang X. Roseburia intestinalis stimulates TLR5-dependent intestinal immunity against Crohn's disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104285. [PMID: 36182776 PMCID: PMC9526137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
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14
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Almeida C, Oliveira R, Baylina P, Fernandes R, Teixeira FG, Barata P. Current Trends and Challenges of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-An Easy Method That Works for All? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2742. [PMID: 36359265 PMCID: PMC9687574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to bacteria lodges in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that interact through various complex mechanisms. The disturbance of this ecosystem has been correlated with several diseases, such as neurologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases and cancer. Therefore, the modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool; of the various forms of gut microbiota modulation, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the most approached. This recent technique involves introducing fecal material from a healthy donor into the patient's gastrointestinal tract, aiming to restore the gut microbiota and lead to the resolution of symptoms. This procedure implies a careful donor choice, fine collection and handling of fecal material, and a balanced preparation of the recipient and consequent administration of the prepared content. Although FMT is considered a biological therapy with promising effects, side effects such as diarrhea and abdominal pain have also been claimed, making this a significant challenge in the application of FMT. Bearing this in mind, the present review aims to summarize the recent advances in understanding FMT mechanisms, their impact across different pathological conditions, and the associated side effects, emphasizing the most recent published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Almeida
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Oliveira
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pilar Baylina
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- ESS-IPP—Health School, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-107 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barata
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Rønnow Sand J, Troelsen FS, Horváth‐Puhó E, Henderson VW, Sørensen HT, Erichsen R. Risk of dementia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a Danish population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:831-843. [PMID: 35781292 PMCID: PMC9545113 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be associated with increased dementia risk, but the literature is conflicting. AIM To investigate dementia risk in patients with IBD. METHODS We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark (1977-2018) including all patients with incident IBD matched with up to 10 general population comparators without IBD by sex, year of birth and region of residence. We calculated cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs) of dementia treating death as a competing risk, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing IBD patients with matched comparisons. In a nested case-control analysis, we investigated the impact of IBD severity, steroid use, colorectal and small bowel surgery, and healthcare system contacts on dementia risk. RESULTS Of 88,985 patients with IBD (69.6% with ulcerative colitis [UC], 30.4% with Crohn's disease [CD]) and 884,108 comparisons, 2076 patients (78.1% with UC) and 23,011 comparisons (76.6% UC comparisons) developed dementia. The 40-year CIP of all-cause dementia was 7.2% for UC patients and 5.8% for CD patients. UC patients had a slightly increased HR of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01;1.12]) and Alzheimer's disease (HR = 1.10 [95% CI: 1.01-1.19]). CD patients had an increased HR of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.15 [95% CI: 1.05-1.27]) and frontotemporal dementia (HR = 2.70 [95% CI: 1.44-5.05]). Dementia in IBD patients was associated with frequent healthcare system contacts. CONCLUSIONS UC and CD are associated with slightly increased all-cause dementia risk, particularly frontotemporal dementia in CD patients. Frequent healthcare system contacts by patients with IBD and detection bias may play a role in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Rønnow Sand
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute of Arhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
| | | | - Erzsébet Horváth‐Puhó
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute of Arhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute of Arhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark,Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health and of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute of Arhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
| | - Rune Erichsen
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute of Arhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark,Department of SurgeryRanders Regional HospitalRandersDenmark
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16
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Lee JW, Eun CS. Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiology and pathophysiology. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:885-894. [PMID: 35902371 PMCID: PMC9449206 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2022.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of disorders, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, that exhibit similar but distinct manifestations. These diseases are characterized by refractory and chronic inflammation of the bowel. IBD is usually accompanied by severe symptoms. When a patient presents with suspected IBD, physicians encounter various challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment. In addition, given such characteristics, the associated medical expenses gradually increase. Although IBD was formerly known as a disease of Western countries, the incidence and prevalence are increasing in Korea. Korean investigators have accumulated a great deal of knowledge about the regional characteristics and epidemiology of the disease, especially via well-organized, joint cohort studies. Against this background, this article describes the epidemiology of IBD in Korea compared to that in the West. In addition, an overview of the pathophysiology of the disease is provided, focusing on the latest results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon,
Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri,
Korea
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17
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Abdulla M, Mohammed N. A Review on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Recent Molecular Pathophysiology Advances. Biologics 2022; 16:129-140. [PMID: 36118798 PMCID: PMC9481278 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s380027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are considered immune disorders with a complex genetic architecture involving constantly changing endogenous and exogenous factors. The rapid evolution of genomic technologies and the emergence of newly discovered molecular actors are compelling the research community to reevaluate the knowledge and molecular processes. The human intestinal tract contains intestinal human microbiota consisting of commensal, pathogenic, and symbiotic strains leading to immune responses that can contribute and lead to both systemic and intestinal disorders including IBD. In this review, we attempted to highlight some updates of the new IBD features related to genomics, microbiota, new emerging therapies and some major established IBD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheeba Abdulla
- Internal Medicine Department, Ibn AlNafees Hospital, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Correspondence: Maheeba Abdulla, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Internal Medicine Department, Ibn AlNafees Hospital, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, Email
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18
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Li Q, Sun X, Yu K, Lv J, Miao C, Yang J, Wang S, Fu Z, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang ZS, Keller ET, Yao Z, Wang Q. Enterobacter ludwigii protects DSS-induced colitis through choline-mediated immune tolerance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111308. [PMID: 36044853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal intestinal bacteria play key roles in regulating host immune tolerance; however, bacterial strains and related metabolites directly involved in this regulation are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis combined with different antibiotic treatment, Enterobacter ludwigii, abundant in microbiota of mice treated with metronidazole, is screened out to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis with or without the presence of complex intestinal bacteria. E. ludwigii is found to induce CD103+DC and regulatory T (Treg)-mediated immune tolerance for colitis remission using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, choline, one metabolite of E. ludwigii, is identified to increase dendritic cells' (DCs) immune tolerance to promote Treg differentiation. E. ludwigii is found to induce DCs' immune tolerance ability for Treg differentiation through choline and α7nAChR-mediated retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) upregulation, resulting in protecting mice against DSS-induced colitis. This study suggests potential therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunhui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Song Wang
- Tianjin Kangzhe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Company, Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Kangzhe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Company, Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Tianjin Biochip Corporation, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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19
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Rudiansyah M, Abdalkareem Jasim S, S Azizov B, Samusenkov V, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Yasin G, Mohammad HJ, Jawad MA, Mahmudiono T, Hosseini-Fard SR, Mirzaei R, Karampoor S. The emerging microbiome-based approaches to IBD therapy: From SCFAs to urolithin A. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:412-434. [PMID: 36178158 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions which can be life-threatening, affecting both children and adults. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main forms of IBD. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex and involves genetic background, environmental factors, alteration in gut microbiota, aberrant immune responses (innate and adaptive), and their interactions, all of which provide clues to the identification of innovative diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and the development of novel treatments. Gut microbiota provide significant benefits to its host, most notably via maintaining immunological homeostasis. Furthermore, changes in gut microbial populations may promote immunological dysregulation, resulting in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. Investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and immune system of the host may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD as well as the development of innovative immune- or microbe-based therapeutics. In this review we summarized the most recent findings on innovative therapeutics for IBD, including microbiome-based therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, live biotherapeutic products, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and urolithin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Al-Maarif University College Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Bakhadir S Azizov
- Department of Therapeutic Disciplines No.1, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany University of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Public Health Universitas, Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Characterization of the Mucosally-Adherent Duodenal Microbiome in Children with and without Crohn's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070850. [PMID: 35890149 PMCID: PMC9317548 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of the microbiome is a rational treatment strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Compared to the colon and terminal ileum (TI), understanding of the microbial composition in the duodenum is sparse. This gap in knowledge is especially significant for children with Crohn’s disease (CD) because the prevalence of duodenal CD is higher in children than in adults. Our aim was to characterize the bacterial composition of the mucosally-adherent duodenal microbiome in children with and without CD as a first step toward development of targeted IBD treatment strategies at this disease location. Fresh-frozen mucosal biopsies were obtained from the duodenum and TI of children with treatment-naïve CD and age- and sex-matched controls. Extracted DNA was analyzed for sequence variation in the 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial gene region V4 (Novogene; Beijing, China). Bacterial relative abundance, alpha and beta composition, and diversity, were compared across duodenal and TI samples from the controls and CD groups with and without chronic active inflammation (118 samples from 73 children total; approx. 50% CD), using UniFrac dissimilarity coefficients (α < 0.05), Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis (LDA score ≥ 2), and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis. The relationships between bacterial abundance, sex, age, concomitant medication use, and villous length were assessed. The microbial composition in the duodenum was significantly different from the TI in the control population(R-value = 0.558, p = 0.001) and in children with active CD (R-value = 0.301, p = 0.001). Significant differences in bacterial abundance were noted between the control and CD duodena (LDA > 4). The duodenum of children without CD was characterized by increased abundance in Pseudomonodales, whereas the actively inflamed duodenum in CD was characterized by increased abundance of Bacteroidales, specifically the family Prevotellaceae. This trend is opposite of previously published observations of microbial composition in the TI, where active inflammation was associated with a relative decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and an increase in Proteobacteria, including Pseudomonadales. No statistically significant correlations were noted between abundance and age, sex, concomitant medication use or villous length, except for Bacteroidetes, which significantly decreased in abundance in the TI with age (p = 0.048). The pediatric duodenal microbiome is distinct from the TI and characterized by an increased abundance of Pseudomonodales and Spirochetes in healthy children, and an increased abundance of Bacteroidales in active CD patients.
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21
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Konturek PC. [Gut microbiota and chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. MMW Fortschr Med 2022; 164:12-15. [PMID: 35831743 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-022-1230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis remains the focus of research into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The potential role of gut microbiota in the development of IBD includes interaction with the host genome and immune system, as well as various environmental factors, diet, drugs, industrialization, etc. Other organs are negatively affected by intestinal dysbiosis via gut-brain axis. The composition of microbiota and its metabolic activity has a significant impact on the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapies. Microbiome-based treatment for IBD includes the use of diet, antibiotics, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and faecal transplantation (FMT). The development of effective therapies for IBD patients will only be possible once the interactions between the microbiota and its metabolites and the host immune system are better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Konturek
- ChA/Klinik für Innere Med. II/Saalfeld, Thüringen-Kliniken "Georgius Agricola" GmbH, Rainweg 68, 7318, Saalfeld, Deutschland.
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22
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Wu J, Wu Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Desmethylbellidifolin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis: Impact on Intestinal Barrier, Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:559-569. [PMID: 34098585 DOI: 10.1055/a-1506-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly disturbing the colon and rectum. Clinically, the aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppressants, and biological drugs are generally used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis at different stages of disease progression. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs does not satisfy the patients due to the frequent drug resistance. Herein, we reported the anti-ulcerative colitis activity of desmethylbellidifolin, a xanthone isolated from Gentianella acuta, in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 2% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water to induce acute colitis. Desmethylbellidifolin or balsalazide sodium was orally administrated once a day. Biological samples were collected for immunohistological analysis, intestinal barrier function evaluation, cytokine measurement, and gut microbiota analysis. The results revealed that desmethylbellidifolin alleviated colon shortening and body weight loss in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice. The disease activity index was also lowered by desmethylbellidifolin after 9 days of treatment. Furthermore, desmethylbellidifolin remarkably ameliorated colonic inflammation through suppressing the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The intestinal epithelial barrier was strengthened by desmethylbellidifolin through increasing levels of occludin, ZO-1, and claudins. In addition, desmethylbellidifolin modulated the gut dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. These findings suggested that desmethylbellidifolin effectively improved experimental ulcerative colitis, at least partly, through maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, and modulating dysregulated gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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23
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Facciotti F. Modulation of intestinal immune cell responses by eubiotic or dysbiotic microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Stojsavljević A, Sokić-Milutinović A, Rovčanin B, Tončev L, Manojlović D. Profiling of Circulatory Elements Reveals Alteration of Essential and Toxic Trace Metals in Crohn's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2572-2580. [PMID: 34357515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The status of essential and toxic trace metals in the blood of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is unexplained. This study aimed to provide the first elemental profiling of the most recognized essential elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Se) and selected toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Pb, and U) in sera and cell lysate (CL) samples of CD patients (n = 84). The results were compared with sex- and age-matched samples from the control group (CG). CD sera contained significantly higher levels of Mn, As, Cd, Pb, and U than did CG sera. An identical pattern, with the added inclusion of Cu (also higher in CD patients than in the CG), was obtained for CL samples. However, the most important finding was hypermanganesemia, which indicates that Mn could act as a toxic trace metal in CD. As, Cd, and U were the most significant toxic elements that showed antagonistic effects on the extrusion of essential Mn and Cu. Circulatory system screening markers for CD are hereby proposed (Mn/Cu, Mn/As, and Mn/Pb ratios). These three metal ratios were strongly and significantly correlated with F-Calprotectin levels, and deserve consideration as new markers of CD. The target metals and metal ratios should be taken into consideration as novel initiating and/or modifying factors for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Sokić-Milutinović
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Tončev
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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25
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Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073464. [PMID: 35408838 PMCID: PMC8998182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe-host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although individual members of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with experimental IBD, identifying microorganisms that affect disease susceptibility and phenotypes in humans remains a considerable challenge. Currently, the lack of a definition between what is healthy and what is a dysbiotic gut microbiome limits research. Nevertheless, although clear proof-of-concept of causality is still lacking, there is an increasingly evident need to understand the microbial basis of IBD at the microbial strain, genomic, epigenomic, and functional levels and in specific clinical contexts. Recent information on the role of diet and novel environmental risk factors affecting the gut microbiome has direct implications for the immune response that impacts the development of IBD. The complexity of IBD pathogenesis, involving multiple distinct elements, suggests the need for an integrative approach, likely utilizing computational modeling of molecular datasets to identify more specific therapeutic targets.
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Maia PDDS, Baião DDS, Nanini HF, da Silva VPF, Frambach LB, Cabral IM, Pêgo B, Ribeiro BE, Pavão MSG, Paschoalin VMF, de Souza HSP, Pierucci APTR. Bioactive Compounds from Pale Ale Beer Powder Attenuate Experimental Colitis in BALB/c Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041194. [PMID: 35208981 PMCID: PMC8877795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PCs) present in foods are associated with a decreased risk of developing inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to extract and characterize PCs from craft beer powder and evaluate their potential benefits in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PCs were extracted and quantified from pure beer samples. BALB/c mice received either the beer phenolic extract (BPE) or beer powder fortified with phenolic extract (BPFPE) of PCs daily for 20 days by gavage. Colon samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice lost more weight, had reduced colon length, and developed more inflammatory changes compared with DSS-induced mice treated with either BPE or BPFPE. In addition, in DSS-induced mice, the densities of CD4- and CD11b-positive cells, apoptotic rates, and activation of NF-κB and p-ERK1/2 MAPK intracellular signaling pathways were higher in those treated with BPE and BPFPE than in those not treated. Pretreatment with the phenolic extract and BPFPE remarkably attenuated DSS-induced colitis. The protective effect of PCs supports further investigation and development of therapies for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola D. D. S. Maia
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 393, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (P.D.D.S.M.); (V.P.F.d.S.); (L.B.F.); (I.M.C.); (A.P.T.R.P.)
| | - Diego dos Santos Baião
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (D.d.S.B.); (V.M.F.P.)
| | - Hayandra F. Nanini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, 11th floor, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (H.F.N.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Victor Paulo F. da Silva
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 393, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (P.D.D.S.M.); (V.P.F.d.S.); (L.B.F.); (I.M.C.); (A.P.T.R.P.)
| | - Lissa Bantim Frambach
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 393, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (P.D.D.S.M.); (V.P.F.d.S.); (L.B.F.); (I.M.C.); (A.P.T.R.P.)
| | - Iuri Matheus Cabral
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 393, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (P.D.D.S.M.); (V.P.F.d.S.); (L.B.F.); (I.M.C.); (A.P.T.R.P.)
| | - Beatriz Pêgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, 11th floor, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (H.F.N.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Beatriz E. Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, 11th floor, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (H.F.N.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Mauro Sérgio Gonçalves Pavão
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, 4th floor, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil;
| | - Vania M. F. Paschoalin
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (D.d.S.B.); (V.M.F.P.)
| | - Heitor S. P. de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, 11th floor, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (H.F.N.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3938-2669
| | - Anna Paola T. R. Pierucci
- Basic and Experimental Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 393, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (P.D.D.S.M.); (V.P.F.d.S.); (L.B.F.); (I.M.C.); (A.P.T.R.P.)
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Lee SY, Lee BH, Park JH, Park MS, Ji GE, Sung MK. Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 Paraprobiotic Supplementation Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Maintaining Gut Barrier and Suppressing Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation Signaling Molecules. J Med Food 2022; 25:146-157. [PMID: 35148194 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation with continuous relapse-remission cycles. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 as a probiotic or paraprobiotic against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Ten-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups. The control (CON) and DSS groups received oral gavage of PBS, whereas the live B. bifidum (LIVE), heat-killed B. bifidum BGN4 (HEAT), and lysozyme-treated B. bifidum BGN4 (LYSOZYME) groups received live B. bifidum BGN4, heat-killed B. bifidum BGN4, and lysozyme-treated B. bifidum BGN4, respectively, for 10 days, followed by DSS supply to induce colitis. The paraprobiotic (HEAT and LYSOZYME) groups had less body weight loss and colon length shortening than the DSS or LIVE groups. The LYSOZYME group exhibited better preserved intestinal barrier integrity than the LIVE group by upregulating gap junction protein expression possibly through activating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6/caspase-1/interleukin (IL)-18 signaling. The LYSOZYME group showed downregulated proinflammatory molecules, including p-inhibitor of kappa B proteins alpha (IκBα), cycloxygenase 2 (COX2), IL-1β, and T-bet, whereas the expression of the regulatory T cell transcription factor, forkhead box P3 expression, was increased. The paraprobiotic groups showed distinct separation of microbiota distribution and improved inflammation-associated dysbiosis. These results suggest that B. bifidum BGN4 paraprobiotics, especially lysozyme-treated BGN4, have a preventive effect against DSS-induced colitis, impacting intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Geun-Eog Ji
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Vetuschi A, Battista N, Pompili S, Cappariello A, Prete R, Taticchi A, Selvaggini R, Latella G G, Corsetti A, Sferra R. The antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of olive phenols and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513 in dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis. Nutrition 2022; 94:111511. [PMID: 34813981 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After a chronic intestinal injury, several intestinal cells switch their phenotype to activated myofibroblasts, which in turn release an abnormal amount of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the onset of the fibrotic process. To date, no resolutive pharmacological treatments are available, and the identification of new therapeutic approaches represents a crucial goal to achieve. The onset, maintenance, and progression of inflammatory bowel disease are related to abnormal intestinal immune responses to environmental factors, including diet and intestinal microflora components. This study aimed to evaluate the potential antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of a biologically debittered olive cream and its probiotic oral administration in an experimental model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. METHODS Chronic colitis was induced in mice by three cycles of oral administration of 2.5% DSS (5 d of DSS followed by 7 d of tap water). Mice were randomly divided into five groups: 10 control mice fed with standard diet (SD), 20 mice receiving SD and DSS (SD+DSS), 20 mice receiving an enriched diet (ED) with olive cream and DSS (ED+DSS), 20 mice receiving SD plus probiotics (PB; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513) and DSS (SD+PB+DSS), and 20 mice receiving ED plus PB and DSS (ED+ PB+DSS). Clinical features and large bowel macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated. RESULTS The simultaneous administration of ED and PB induced a significant reduction in macroscopic and microscopic colitis scores compared with the other DSS-treated groups. In addition, ED and PB led to a significant decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and profibrotic molecules. CONCLUSIONS The concomitant oral administration of a diet enriched with biologically debittered olive cream and a specific probiotic strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513) can exert synergistic antiinflammatory and antifibrotic action in DSS-induced chronic colitis. Further studies are needed to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulated by olive cream compounds and by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Cappariello
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Selvaggini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella G
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences-Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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García MA, Varum F, Al-Gousous J, Hofmann M, Page S, Langguth P. In Vitro Methodologies for Evaluating Colon-Targeted Pharmaceutical Products and Industry Perspectives for Their Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020291. [PMID: 35214024 PMCID: PMC8876830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several locally acting colon-targeted products to treat colonic diseases have been recently developed and marketed, taking advantage of gastrointestinal physiology to target delivery. Main mechanisms involve pH-dependent, time-controlled and/or enzymatic-triggered release. With site of action located before systemic circulation and troublesome colonic sampling, there is room for the introduction of meaningful in vitro methods for development, quality control (QC) and regulatory applications of these formulations. A one-size-fits-all method seems unrealistic, as the selection of experimental conditions should resemble the physiological features exploited to trigger the release. This article reviews the state of the art for bio-predictive dissolution testing of colon-targeted products. Compendial methods overlook physiological aspects, such as buffer molarity and fluid composition. These are critical for pH-dependent products and time-controlled systems containing ionizable drugs. Moreover, meaningful methods for enzymatic-triggered products including either bacteria or enzymes are completely ignored by pharmacopeias. Bio-predictive testing may accelerate the development of successful products, although this may require complex methodologies. However, for high-throughput routine testing (e.g., QC), simplified methods can be used where balance is struck between simplicity, robustness and transferability on one side and bio-predictivity on the other. Ultimately, bio-predictive methods can occupy a special niche in terms of supplementing plasma concentration data for regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. García
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Felipe Varum
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Caparrós E, Wiest R, Scharl M, Rogler G, Gutiérrez Casbas A, Yilmaz B, Wawrzyniak M, Francés R. Dysbiotic microbiota interactions in Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1949096. [PMID: 34313550 PMCID: PMC8320851 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1949096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation along the alimentary tract. Changes in the microbial composition and reduction in species diversity are recognized as pivotal hallmarks in disease dynamics, challenging the gut barrier function and shaping a pathological immune response in genetically influenced subjects. The purpose of this review is to delve into the modification of the gut microbiota cluster network during CD progression and to discuss how this shift compromises the gut barrier integrity, granting the translocation of microbes and their products. We then complete the scope of the review by retracing gut microbiota dysbiosis interactions with the main pathophysiologic factors of CD, starting from the host's genetic background to the immune inflammatory and fibrotic processes, providing a standpoint on the lifestyle/exogenous factors and the potential benefits of targeting a specific gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Caparrós
- Dpto Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan De Alicante, Spain,Iis Isabial, Hospital General Universitario De Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department for Biomedical Research, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gutiérrez Casbas
- Iis Isabial, Hospital General Universitario De Alicante, Alicante, Spain,CIBERehd, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department for Biomedical Research, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Francés
- Dpto Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan De Alicante, Spain,Iis Isabial, Hospital General Universitario De Alicante, Alicante, Spain,CIBERehd, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,CONTACT Rubén Francés Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group. Departamento De Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández De Elche. Carretera Alicante-Valencia, Km 8,703550San Juan De Alicante
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31
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Honig G, Larkin PB, Heller C, Hurtado-Lorenzo A. Research-Based Product Innovation to Address Critical Unmet Needs of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S1-S16. [PMID: 34791292 PMCID: PMC8922161 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in recent decades, patients with inflammatory bowel diseases face many critical unmet needs, demonstrating the limitations of available treatment options. Addressing these unmet needs will require interventions targeting multiple aspects of inflammatory bowel disease pathology, including disease drivers that are not targeted by available therapies. The vast majority of late-stage investigational therapies also focus primarily on a narrow range of fundamental mechanisms. Thus, there is a pressing need to advance to clinical stage differentiated investigational therapies directly targeting a broader range of key mechanistic drivers of inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, innovations are critically needed to enable treatments to be tailored to the specific underlying abnormal biological pathways of patients; interventions with improved safety profiles; biomarkers to develop prognostic, predictive, and monitoring tests; novel devices for nonpharmacological approaches such as minimally invasive monitoring; and digital health technologies. To address these needs, the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation launched IBD Ventures, a venture philanthropy-funding mechanism, and IBD Innovate®, an innovative, product-focused scientific conference. This special IBD Innovate® supplement is a collection of articles reflecting the diverse and exciting research and development that is currently ongoing in the inflammatory bowel disease field to deliver innovative and differentiated products addressing critical unmet needs of patients. Here, we highlight the pipeline of new product opportunities currently advancing at the preclinical and early clinical development stages. We categorize and describe novel and differentiated potential product opportunities based on their potential to address the following critical unmet patient needs: (1) biomarkers for prognosis of disease course and prediction/monitoring of treatment response; (2) restoration of eubiosis; (3) restoration of barrier function and mucosal healing; (4) more effective and safer anti-inflammatories; (5) neuromodulatory and behavioral therapies; (6) management of disease complications; and (7) targeted drug delivery.
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Schroeder JH, Roberts LB, Meissl K, Lo JW, Hromadová D, Hayes K, Zabinski T, Read E, Moreira Heliodoro C, Reis R, Howard JK, Grencis RK, Neves JF, Strobl B, Lord GM. Sustained Post-Developmental T-Bet Expression Is Critical for the Maintenance of Type One Innate Lymphoid Cells In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760198. [PMID: 34795671 PMCID: PMC8594445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play a significant role in the intestinal immune response and T-bet+ CD127+ group 1 cells (ILC1) have been linked to the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the functional importance of ILC1 in the context of an intact adaptive immune response has been controversial. In this report we demonstrate that induced depletion of T-bet using a Rosa26-Cre-ERT2 model resulted in the loss of intestinal ILC1, pointing to a post-developmental requirement of T-bet expression for these cells. In contrast, neither colonic lamina propria (cLP) ILC2 nor cLP ILC3 abundance were altered upon induced deletion of T-bet. Mechanistically, we report that STAT1 or STAT4 are not required for intestinal ILC1 development and maintenance. Mice with induced deletion of T-bet and subsequent loss of ILC1 were protected from the induction of severe colitis in vivo. Hence, this study provides support for the clinical development of an IBD treatment based on ILC1 depletion via targeting T-bet or its downstream transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Schroeder
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke B. Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan W. Lo
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Hromadová
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kelly Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Zabinski
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Read
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rita Reis
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K. Howard
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K. Grencis
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joana F. Neves
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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33
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Westdorp H, Sweep MWD, Gorris MAJ, Hoentjen F, Boers-Sonderen MJ, van der Post RS, van den Heuvel MM, Piet B, Boleij A, Bloemendal HJ, de Vries IJM. Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768957. [PMID: 34777387 PMCID: PMC8586074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided tremendous clinical benefit in several cancer types. However, systemic activation of the immune system also leads to several immune-related adverse events. Of these, ICI-mediated colitis (IMC) occurs frequently and is the one with the highest absolute fatality. To improve current treatment strategies, it is important to understand the cellular mechanisms that induce this form of colitis. In this review, we discuss important pathways that are altered in IMC in mouse models and in human colon biopsy samples. This reveals a complex interplay between several types of immune cells and the gut microbiome. In addition to a mechanistic understanding, patients at risk should be identifiable before ICI therapy. Here we propose to focus on T-cell subsets that interact with bacteria after inducing epithelial damage. Especially, intestinal resident immune cells are of interest. This may lead to a better understanding of IMC and provides opportunities for prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark W. D. Sweep
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoentjen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rachel S. van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Berber Piet
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Haiko J. Bloemendal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Lacroix V, Cassard A, Mas E, Barreau F. Multi-Omics Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: What Benefits for Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Tools? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11255. [PMID: 34681921 PMCID: PMC8537481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial diseases that involve in particular a modification of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis. The initial sets of metataxonomic and metagenomic data first made it possible to approximate the microbiota profile in IBD. In addition, today the new 'omics' techniques have enabled us to draw up a functional and integrative map of the microbiota. The key concern in IBD is to develop biomarkers that allow us to assess the activity of the disease and predict the complications and progression, while also guiding the therapeutic care so as to develop personalized medicine. In this review, we present all of the latest discoveries on the microbiota provided by "omics" and we outline the benefits of these techniques in developing new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Lacroix
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Diabetology and Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Unit, Children’s Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Cassard
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Rangueil Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Emmanuel Mas
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Diabetology and Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Unit, Children’s Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Diabetology and Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Unit 330, Avenue de Grande-Bretagne, TSA 70034, CEDEX 09, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
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Mining the Microbiome and Microbiota-Derived Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011243. [PMID: 34681902 PMCID: PMC8540913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex community that consists of an ecosystem with a dynamic interplay between bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses. Recent advances in model systems have revealed that the gut microbiome is critical for maintaining homeostasis through metabolic digestive function, immune regulation, and intestinal barrier integrity. Taxonomic shifts in the intestinal microbiota are strongly correlated with a multitude of human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, many of these studies have been descriptive, and thus the understanding of the cause and effect relationship often remains unclear. Using non-human experimental model systems such as gnotobiotic mice, probiotic mono-colonization, or prebiotic supplementation, researchers have defined numerous species-level functions of the intestinal microbiota that have produced therapeutic candidates for IBD. Despite these advances, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the function of much of the microbiota and the interplay with host cellular processes remain areas of tremendous research potential. In particular, future research will need to unlock the functional molecular units of the microbiota in order to utilize this untapped resource of bioactive molecules for therapy. This review will highlight the advances and remaining challenges of microbiota-based functional studies and therapeutic discovery, specifically in IBD. One of the limiting factors for reviewing this topic is the nascent development of this area with information on some drug candidates still under early commercial development. We will also highlight the current and evolving strategies, including in the biotech industry, used for the discovery of microbiota-derived bioactive molecules in health and disease.
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Eun CS. Intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2021.64.9.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been rapidly increasing over the past several decades in Korea. IBD appears to be resulted from inappropriate and chronic activation of the mucosal immune system driven by stimuli such as intestinal microbiota and various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals.Current Concepts: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have identified alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in individuals with IBD. Dysbiosis in patients with IBD is characterized by decreased bacterial diversity combined with an expansion of putative aggressive species and a reduction in protective species. Altered microbial composition and function in IBD correlates with increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability. Thus, dysbiosis may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD.Discussion and Conclusion: Although it is currently unclear whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of intestinal inflammation in IBD, several microbial-based and microbial-targeted therapies have yielded promising early results.
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Antunes JC, Seabra CL, Domingues JM, Teixeira MO, Nunes C, Costa-Lima SA, Homem NC, Reis S, Amorim MTP, Felgueiras HP. Drug Targeting of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Biomolecules. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082035. [PMID: 34443866 PMCID: PMC8401460 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disabling, destructive and incurable immune-mediated inflammatory diseases comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), disorders that are highly prevalent worldwide and demand a large investment in healthcare. A persistent inflammatory state enables the dysfunction and destruction of healthy tissue, hindering the initiation and endurance of wound healing. Current treatments are ineffective at counteracting disease progression. Further, increased risk of serious side effects, other comorbidities and/or opportunistic infections highlight the need for effective treatment options. Gut microbiota, the key to preserving a healthy state, may, alternatively, increase a patient’s susceptibility to IBD onset and development given a relevant bacterial dysbiosis. Hence, the main goal of this review is to showcase the main conventional and emerging therapies for IBD, including microbiota-inspired untargeted and targeted approaches (such as phage therapy) to infection control. Special recognition is given to existing targeted strategies with biologics (via monoclonal antibodies, small molecules and nucleic acids) and stimuli-responsive (pH-, enzyme- and reactive oxygen species-triggered release), polymer-based nanomedicine that is specifically directed towards the regulation of inflammation overload (with some nanosystems additionally functionalized with carbohydrates or peptides directed towards M1-macrophages). The overall goal is to restore gut balance and decrease IBD’s societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa Antunes
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-510-289
| | - Catarina Leal Seabra
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Joana Margarida Domingues
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Marta Oliveira Teixeira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sofia Antunes Costa-Lima
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Natália Cândido Homem
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Salette Reis
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Pessoa Amorim
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Helena Prado Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
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Gough NR, Xiang X, Mishra L. TGF-β Signaling in Liver, Pancreas, and Gastrointestinal Diseases and Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:434-452.e15. [PMID: 33940008 PMCID: PMC8841117 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator of tissue renewal, TGF-β signaling and the downstream SMAD-dependent transcriptional events play complex roles in the transition from a noncancerous disease state to cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas. Furthermore, this pathway also regulates the stromal cells and the immune system, which may contribute to evasion of the tumors from immune-mediated elimination. Here, we review the involvement of the TGF-β pathway mediated by the transcriptional regulators SMADs in disease progression to cancer in the digestive system. The review integrates human genomic studies with animal models that provide clues toward understanding and managing the complexity of the pathway in disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R. Gough
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Xiyan Xiang
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Lopa Mishra
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
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Probiotic-Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: A Novel Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158274. [PMID: 34361038 PMCID: PMC8348973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are immune-mediated, chronic relapsing diseases with a rising prevalence worldwide in both adult and pediatric populations. Treatment options for immune-mediated diseases, including IBDs, are traditional steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, none of which are capable of inducing long-lasting remission in all patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in inducing tolerance and regulating T cells and their tolerogenic functions. Hence, modulation of intestinal mucosal immunity by DCs could provide a novel, additional tool for the treatment of IBD. Recent evidence indicates that probiotic bacteria might impact immunomodulation both in vitro and in vivo by regulating DCs’ maturation and producing tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) which, in turn, might dampen inflammation. In this review, we will discuss this evidence and the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their metabolites in inducing tolDCs in IBDs and some conditions associated with them.
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Nishikawa Y, Sato N, Tsukinaga S, Uchiyama K, Koido S, Ishikawa D, Ohkusa T. Long-term outcomes of antibiotic combination therapy for ulcerative colitis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211028790. [PMID: 34285790 PMCID: PMC8264727 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211028790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims An antibiotic combination of amoxicillin, tetracycline and metronidazole (ATM) is effective for ulcerative colitis (UC), but this regimen is discontinued in some cases due to adverse events. This study aimed to assess a revised combination, namely, amoxicillin, fosfomycin and metronidazole (AFM), in UC patients with the goal of reducing side effects while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Methods A prospective open-label trial was undertaken in 104 adult UC patients. A combination of oral amoxicillin (1500 mg), fosfomycin (3000 mg) and metronidazole (750 mg) was administered to patients daily for 2-4 weeks in addition to their conventional medication. Clinical assessment was performed using the Lichtiger index before treatment and at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and 2 and 3 years. Endoscopic evaluation was performed using the Mayo score before treatment and at 3 and 12 months. Results The compliance rate was 99.2%. Response and remission rates were 80.8% and 63.5% at completion, 73.1% and 64.4% at 3 months, and 39.4% for both at 12 months, respectively. Of the 41 patients who were in remission at 12 months, 63.4% maintained that status until the 2-year follow-up. Similarly, 69.2% of those in remission at 2 years remained relapse free at the 3-year follow-up. Side effects were observed in 44.2% of the participants. Fever occurred in one patient (1.0%), which was lower than the rate observed with ATM therapy. Conclusion These results indicate that AFM therapy induces remission and is appropriate for long-term maintenance of UC while producing fewer and milder adverse events than ATM therapy. Clinical trials This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (No. R000046546).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Tsukinaga
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kan Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dai Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Rodríguez-Padilla Á, Morales-Martín G, Pérez-Quintero R, Rada-Morgades R, Gómez-Salgado J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Diversion Colitis and Probiotic Stimulation: Effects of Bowel Stimulation Prior to Ileostomy Closure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654573. [PMID: 34249962 PMCID: PMC8267790 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diversion colitis is a non-specific inflammation of a defunctionalised segment of the colon after a temporary stoma has been performed. This inflammation is associated with a change in the colonic flora. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy in patients operated on colorectal carcinoma and its effect on diversion colitis. A prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled study is carried out. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy pending reconstructive surgery and with diversion colitis as diagnosis are included. Randomised and divided into two groups. Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery. Results: Patients in CG were distributed according to the endoscopic index of severity in pre-stimulation/post-stimulation as follows: severe n = 9/9 (25.7%), moderate n = 23/23 (65.7%), and mild n = 3/3 (8.6%); compared to the distribution in SG, severe n = 9/0 (26.5/0%), moderate n = 23/3 (67.6/8.8%), mild n = 2/19 (5.9/55.9%) and normal colonoscopy in 0/12 patients (0/35.3%). Conclusion: Probiotic stimulation of the efferent loop is a safe and effective method, managing to reduce both macroscopic and microscopic colitis, as well as a decrease in symptoms in the short term after reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán Morales-Martín
- Department of General Surgery, Infanta Elena University Clinical Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rocío Pérez-Quintero
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rada-Morgades
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Rodríguez-Padilla Á, Morales-Martín G, Pérez-Quintero R, Gómez-Salgado J, Rada-Morgades R, Ruiz-Frutos C. Diversion Colitis: Macro and Microscopic Findings after Probiotics Stimulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040303. [PMID: 33917556 PMCID: PMC8067519 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The observations presented in this study conclude that the preoperative stimulation with probiotics of the efferent loop through the dysfunctional bowel, to allow the slow infusion, can have a reducing effect on the endoscopic and histopathological alterations of diversion colitis. This procedure may be an alternative treatment to resolve the inflammation in patients where the surgical option is not feasible or available. Abstract The use of a loop ileostomy as the defunctioning procedure of choice to protect a distal colonic anastomosis causes histological and endoscopic changes in the intestinal mucosal architecture, which have been related to chronic inflammation and changes in the microflora that consequently impact the intestinal structure and function following fecal stream diversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and endoscopic changes on the colonic mucosa in patients with diversion colitis after stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed. All patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy between January 2017 and December 2018 were included. These patients were pending reconstructive surgery and were diagnosed with endoscopic and histological diversion colitis. Divided into two groups, a group stimulated with probiotics (SG) and a control group (CG). 34 cases and 35 controls were included in the study. Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery. A decrease in endoscopic pathological findings (mucosal friability, mucous erosions, polyps, edema, erythema and stenosis) and in histological findings (follicular hyperplasia, eosinophils, cryptic abscesses, lymphocyte infiltration, plasma cell infiltration and architecture distortion) was observed in SG. These results were statistically significant with a p < 0.001. The stimulation of the efferent loop of the ileostomy in patients with diversion colitis produced a decrease of the endoscopic and histological severity of colitis in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of General Surgery, Infanta Elena University Clinical Hospital, 21080 Huelva, Spain; (Á.R.-P.); (G.M.-M.)
| | - Germán Morales-Martín
- Department of General Surgery, Infanta Elena University Clinical Hospital, 21080 Huelva, Spain; (Á.R.-P.); (G.M.-M.)
| | - Rocío Pérez-Quintero
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain; (R.P.-Q.); (R.R.-M.)
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959219700
| | - Ricardo Rada-Morgades
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain; (R.P.-Q.); (R.R.-M.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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Wang W, Zhai D, Bai Y, Xue K, Deng L, Ma L, Du T, Ye Z, Qu D, Xiang A, Chen G, Zhao Y, Wang L, Lu Z. Loss of QKI in macrophage aggravates inflammatory bowel disease through amplified ROS signaling and microbiota disproportion. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:58. [PMID: 33758177 PMCID: PMC7988119 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory chronic inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Macrophage exerts an important role in IBD development. QKI, as an RNA binding protein, was related with inflammatory responses in bacterial infections by regulating the polarization of macrophages. Therefore, we suspected that QKI-regulated macrophages have the potential to play a certain role in IBD and the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that the mice with macrophage-specific deletion of QKI induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) are more susceptible to IBD development, exhibited a severe leaky gut barrier phenotype and higher intense oxidative stress, which are rescued by treating with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), an agonist of NRF2. Mechanically, we observed that Keap1 mRNA in the nucleus was exported to the cytoplasm after LPS stimuli in parallel with QKI reductions, and the removal of QKI by shRNA facilitated Keap1 mRNA nuclear exporting and expression in cytoplasm, consequently NRF2 activation in nucleus was weakened, and led to the impaired antioxidant abilities. In addition, mice models of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) and the co-culturing of mice epithelia cells with feces derived from the DSS-treated QKI-deficit mice revealed consistently aggravated colitis along with a severe oxidative stress; 16S sequencing analysis substantiated the altered compositions of commensal bacteria too. Overall, the current study represents the first effort to explore the anti-oxidant role of QKI in the intestinal macrophage via post-transcriptional regulation of Keap1 mRNA localization and the relevant NRF2 antioxidant signaling, and the disproportional changes in the microbiota were attributable to the mediation of pathogenic damage in the IBD development of QKI-deficit mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongquan Bai
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lele Deng
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lirong Ma
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianshu Du
- PLA Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zicheng Ye
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Di Qu
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - An Xiang
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guo Chen
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.
| | - Li Wang
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zifan Lu
- PLA Institute of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Air Force Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Banfi D, Moro E, Bosi A, Bistoletti M, Cerantola S, Crema F, Maggi F, Giron MC, Giaroni C, Baj A. Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1623. [PMID: 33562721 PMCID: PMC7915037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain initially termed the "gut-brain axis" and renamed the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota in sustaining local and systemic homeostasis, has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The integration of signals deriving from the host neuronal, immune, and endocrine systems with signals deriving from the microbiota may influence the development of the local inflammatory injury and impacts also more distal brain regions, underlying the psychophysiological vulnerability of IBD patients. Mood disorders and increased response to stress are frequently associated with IBD and may affect the disease recurrence and severity, thus requiring an appropriate therapeutic approach in addition to conventional anti-inflammatory treatments. This review highlights the more recent evidence suggesting that alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional communication axis may concur to IBD pathogenesis and sustain the development of both local and CNS symptoms. The participation of the main microbial-derived metabolites, also defined as "postbiotics", such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites in the development of IBD-associated gut and brain dysfunction will be discussed. The last section covers a critical evaluation of the main clinical evidence pointing to the microbiome-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IBD-related gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
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Li JJ, Yi S, Wei L. Ocular Microbiota and Intraocular Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:609765. [PMID: 33424865 PMCID: PMC7786018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The term ocular microbiota refers to all types of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms present on or in the eye. The ocular surface is continuously exposed to the environment and harbors various commensals. Commensal microbes have been demonstrated to regulate host metabolism, development of immune system, and host defense against pathogen invasion. An unbalanced microbiota could lead to pathogenic microbial overgrowth and cause local or systemic inflammation. The specific antigens that irritate the deleterious immune responses in various inflammatory eye diseases remain obscure, while recent evidence implies a microbial etiology of these illnesses. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature on ocular microbiota and the role of commensal microbes in several eye diseases. In addition, this review will also discuss the interaction between microbial pathogens and host factors involved in intraocular inflammation, and evaluate therapeutic potential of targeting ocular microbiota to treat intraocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanjun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mishima Y, Ishihara S. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbiota-Mediated Pathology in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228664. [PMID: 33212919 PMCID: PMC7698457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, and accumulating evidence gained in both preclinical and clinical studies indicate the involvement of enteric microbiota in its pathogenesis. Gut resident microbiota appear to influence brain activity through the enteric nervous system, while their composition and function are affected by the central nervous system. Based on these results, the term “brain–gut–microbiome axis” has been proposed and enteric microbiota have become a potential therapeutic target in IBS cases. However, details regarding the microbe-related pathophysiology of IBS remain elusive. This review summarizes the existing knowledge of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IBS as well as recent progress related to microbiome-derived neurotransmitters, compounds, metabolites, neuroendocrine factors, and enzymes.
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Gutiérrez B, Domingo-Calap P. Phage Therapy in Gastrointestinal Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091420. [PMID: 32947790 PMCID: PMC7565598 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases. In particular, the viral fraction, composed essentially of bacteriophages, influences homeostasis by exerting a selective pressure on the bacterial communities living in the tract. Gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases are mainly induced by bacteria, and have risen due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. In the lack of effective treatments, phage therapy has been proposed as a clinical alternative to restore intestinal eubiosis, thanks to its immunomodulatory and bactericidal effect against bacterial pathogens, such as Clostridioides difficile in ulcerative colitis and invasive adherent Escherichia coli in Crohn’s disease. In addition, genetically modified temperate phages could be used to suppress the transcription of bacterial virulence factors. In this review, we will highlight the latest advances in research in the field, as well as the clinical trials based on phage therapy in the area of gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, ISysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-261
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Marques AM, Sarandy MM, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Freitas MB. Preclinical relevance of probiotics in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:68-79. [PMID: 32608551 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is among the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the world and may result in several long-term complications. The crosstalk between gut microbiota and host metabolism is closely related to T2DM. Currently, fragmented data hamper defining the relationship between probiotics and T2DM. This systematic review aimed at investigating the effects of probiotics on T2DM in animal models. We systematically reviewed preclinical evidences using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, recovering 24 original articles published until September 27th, 2019. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We included experimental studies with animal models reporting the effects of probiotics on T2DM. Studies were sorted by characteristics of publications, animal models, performed analyses, probiotic used and interventions. Bias analysis and methodological quality assessments were examined through the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Probiotics improved T2DM in 96% of the studies. Most studies (96%) used Lactobacillus strains, and all of them led to improved glycaemia. All studies used rodents as models, and male animals were preferred over females. Results suggest that probiotics have a beneficial effect in T2DM animals and could be used as a supporting alternative in the disease treatment. Considering a detailed evaluation of the reporting and methodological quality, the current preclinical evidence is at high risk of bias. We hope that our critical analysis will be useful in mitigating the sources of bias in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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Amoroso C, Perillo F, Strati F, Fantini M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051234. [PMID: 32429359 PMCID: PMC7291275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring immune homeostasis through the normalization of the gut microbiota is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. The customization of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in IBD management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host−microbe interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies. By considering gut microbiota dysbiosis as a key feature for the establishment of chronic inflammatory events, in the near future it will be suitable to design new cost-effective, physiologic, and patient-oriented therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD that can be applied in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amoroso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Duilio Casula Hospital, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy;
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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