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Zahn FE, Jiang H, Lee YI, Gebauer G. Mode of carbon gain and fungal associations of Neuwiedia malipoensis within the evolutionarily early-diverging orchid subfamily Apostasioideae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:511-520. [PMID: 38912975 PMCID: PMC11341671 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The earliest-diverging orchid lineage, Apostasioideae, consists only of two genera: Apostasia and Neuwiedia. Previous reports of Apostasia nipponica indicated a symbiotic association with an ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae clade and partial utilization of fungal carbon during the adult stage. However, the trophic strategy of Neuwiedia throughout its development remains unidentified. To further improve our understanding of mycoheterotrophy in the Apostasioideae, this study focused on Neuwiedia malipoensis examining both the mycorrhizal association and the physiological ecology of this orchid species across various development stages. METHODS We identified the major mycorrhizal fungi of N. malipoensis protocorm, leafy seedling and adult stages using molecular barcoding. To reveal nutritional resources utilized by N. malipoensis, we compared stable isotope natural abundances (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) of different developmental stages with those of autotrophic reference plants. KEY RESULTS Protocorms exhibited an association with saprotrophic Ceratobasidiaceae rather than ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae and the 13C signature was characteristic of their fully mycoheterotrophic nutrition. Seedlings and adults were predominantly associated with saprotrophic fungi belonging to the Tulasnellaceae. While 13C and 2H stable isotope data revealed partial mycoheterotrophy of seedlings, it is unclear to what extent the fungal carbon supply is reduced in adult N. malipoensis. However, the 15N enrichment of mature N. malipoensis suggests partially mycoheterotrophic nutrition. Our data indicated a transition in mycorrhizal partners during ontogenetic development with decreasing dependency of N. malipoensis on fungal nitrogen and carbon. CONCLUSIONS The divergence in mycorrhizal partners between N. malipoensis and A. nipponica indicates different resource acquisition strategies and allows various habitat options in the earliest-diverging orchid lineage, Apostasioideae. While A. nipponica relies on the heterotrophic carbon gain from its ectomycorrhizal fungal partner and thus on forest habitats, N. malipoensis rather relies on own photosynthetic carbon gain as an adult, allowing it to establish in habitats as widely distributed as those where Rhizoctonia fungi occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska E Zahn
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hong Jiang
- Yunnan Laboratory for Conservation of Rare, Endangered & Endemic Forest Plants, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Chamara RMSR, Miyoshi K, Yukawa T, Asai N, Ogura-Tsujita Y. Orchid Mycorrhizal Association of Cultivated Dendrobium Hybrid and Their Role in Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1176. [PMID: 38930558 PMCID: PMC11205499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Orchids are crucial for the horticulture industry. Mycorrhizal fungi benefit crops by improving nutrition, plant growth, and disease resistance. However, the mycorrhizal association of horticultural hybrid orchids is poorly understood. To address this, we investigated mycorrhizal colonization in the entire root system and assessed the mycorrhizal community using a Dendrobium cultivar, D. Stardust 'Firebird', obtained from three nurseries. Additionally, we isolated and tested mycorrhizal fungi in symbiotic culture to assess their role in the seed germination and growth of Dendrobium species. All plants were colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, with a higher colonization rate in mature than in juvenile plants. Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi by Sanger and high-throughput sequencing revealed that the cultivar was associated with a phylogenetically diverse group of fungi, including mycorrhizal fungi from Tulasnellaceae, and several wood-decaying fungi. The Tulasnellaceae isolates significantly enhanced the seed germination of three Dendrobium species and increased the survival rate and growth of asymbiotic seedlings of D. moniliforme. This study is the first comprehensive examination of mycorrhizal associations in horticultural orchid hybrids, providing valuable insights for commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. S. Ruwan Chamara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan;
| | | | - Yuki Ogura-Tsujita
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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Tian F, Wang JC, Bai XX, Yang YB, Huang L, Liao XF. Symbiotic seed germination and seedling growth of mycorrhizal fungi in Paphiopedilum hirsutissimun (Lindl.Ex Hook.) Stein from China. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2293405. [PMID: 38104263 PMCID: PMC10730140 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2293405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other orchid species, Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl.ex Hook.) Stein, relies on nutrients provided by mycorrhizal fungus for seed germination and seedling development in the wild owing to a lack of endosperm in its seeds. Therefore, obtaining suitable and specialized fungi to enhance seed germination, seedling formation, and further development is considered a powerful tool for orchid seedling propagation, reintroduction, and species conservation. In this study, we investigated the diversity, abundance, and frequency of endophytic fungal strains in the root organs of P. hirsutissimum. One family and five genera of the fungi were isolated and identified through rDNA-ITS sequencing. The ability of isolated fungi to germinate in vitro from the seeds of this species was evaluated, and the development of P. hirsutissimum protocorm has been described. The findings showed that the treatments inoculated with endophytic fungal DYXY033 may successfully support the advanced developmental stage of seedlings up to stage 5. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the mycelium of this strain began to invade from either end of the seeds up to the embryo, extending rapidly from the inside to the outside. Its lengthening resulted in the bursting of the seed coat to form protocorms, which developed into seedlings. The results showed that DYXY033 has a high degree of mycobiont specificity under in vitro symbiotic seed germination conditions and is a representative mycorrhizal fungus with ecological value for the species. In summary, this strain may particularly be significant for the protection of P. hirsutissimum species that are endangered in China. In the long run, it may also contribute to global efforts in reintroducing orchid species and in realizing in situ restorations of threatened orchid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tian
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun-Cai Wang
- Advanced Technology and Materials Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Bai
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Bing Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lang Huang
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liao
- Advanced Technology and Materials Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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4
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Tian L, An M, Wu M, Liu F, Zhang Y. Habitat ecological characteristics and soil fungal community structure of Paphiopedilum subgenus Brachypetalum Hallier (Orchidaceae) plants in Southwest China. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2227365. [PMID: 37377110 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2227365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Species of the subgenus Brachypetalum are the most primitive, most ornamental and most threatened group in the Orchid. This study revealed the ecological characteristics, soil nutrient characteristics and soil fungal community structure of habitats of the subgenus Brachypetalum in Southwest China. Lays a foundation for research on the wild populations and conservation Brachypetalum. The results showed that species of the subgenus Brachypetalum preferred a cool and humid environment, grew in scattered or aggregated form in narrow negative terrain, mainly in humic soil. The soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity indexes of the habitats were significantly different among different species, and the soil properties of different distribution points of the same species also varied greatly. There were significant differences in the soil fungal community structure among the habitats of different species. Basidiomycetes and ascomycetes were the main fungi in habitats of subgenus Brachypetalum species, and their relative abundance varied among different species. The functional groups of soil fungi were mainly symbiotic fungi and saprophytic fungi. LEfSe analysis found that there were different numbers and species of biomarkers in the habitats of subgenus Brachypetalum species, indicating that the habitat preference characteristics of each species in subgenus Brachypetalum were reflected in the fungal community. It was found that environmental factors had an impact on the changes in soil fungal communities in the habitats of subgenus Brachypetalum species, with climatic factors having the highest explanation rate (20.96%). Soil properties were significantly positively or negatively correlated with a variety of dominant soil fungal groups. Conclusions: The results of this study lay the foundation for the study of the habitat characteristics of wild populations of subgenus Brachypetalum and provides data to support in situ and ex situ conservation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Forestry College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Research Center of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingtai An
- Forestry College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Research Center of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Moxu Wu
- Forestry College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Research Center of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Forestry College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Research Center of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Forestry College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Research Center of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Zhang JY, Chen ML, Boonmee S, Wang YX, Lu YZ. Four New Endophytic Apiospora Species Isolated from Three Dicranopteris Species in Guizhou, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1096. [PMID: 37998901 PMCID: PMC10672413 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal ferns serve as significant natural resources for drug precursors or bioactive metabolites. During our survey on the diversity of endophytic fungi from Dicranopteris species (a genus of medicinal ferns) in Guizhou, Apoiospora was observed as a dominant fungal group. In this study, seven Apiospora strains, representing four new species, were obtained from the healthy plant tissues of three Dicranopteris species-D. ampla, D. linearis, and D. pedata. The four new species, namely Apiospora aseptata, A. dematiacea, A. dicranopteridis, and A. globosa, were described in detail with color photographs and subjected to phylogenetic analyses using combined LSU, ITS, TEF1-α, and TUB2 sequence data. This study also documented three new hosts for Apiospora species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.-Y.Z.); (M.-L.C.); (Y.-X.W.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Meng-Lan Chen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.-Y.Z.); (M.-L.C.); (Y.-X.W.)
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.-Y.Z.); (M.-L.C.); (Y.-X.W.)
| | - Yong-Zhong Lu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China; (J.-Y.Z.); (M.-L.C.); (Y.-X.W.)
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Yao N, Zheng B, Wang T, Cao X. Isolation of Tulasnella spp. from Cultivated Paphiopedilum Orchids and Screening of Germination-Enhancing Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:597. [PMID: 37367533 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ conservation, an important way to increase the survival and sustainability of endangered species, is widely used in the conservation of endangered orchids. However, long-term ex situ conservation might affect the dominant group of orchid symbiotic fungi, which are crucial for orchid growth and reintroduction. This study investigated the culturable Tulasnella spp. associated with Paphiopedilum orchids after long-term greenhouse cultivation, and identified germination-enhancing isolates. A total of 44 Tulasnella isolates were obtained from the roots of 14 Paphiopedilum spp., and 29 of them were selected for phylogenetic analysis. They clustered mainly with Tulasnella deliquescens, Tulasnella calospora, Tulasnella bifrons, and Tulasnella irregularis, but included two potential new groups. Compared with published uncultured data, most of the isolates were grouped together with the reported types, and the dominant Tulasnella associated with P. armeniacum and P. micranthum could still be isolated after ten years of cultivation, most of which were the first isolation. In vitro symbiotic germination showed that certain root isolates could promote seed germination (e.g., parm152 isolated from P. armeniacum, Php12 from P. hirsutissimum, and prhi68 from P. rhizomatosum). These data indicated that the dominant Tulasnella types colonizing the roots of cultivated Paphiopedilum are stable over time, and germination-enhancing fungi colonizing the roots would benefit for seed reproduction after population reintroduction into the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, China National Botanical Garden (North Garden), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaolu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Tang YJ, Zhou DY, Dai J, Li Y, Xing YM, Guo SX, Chen J. Potential Specificity Between Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated from Widespread Dendrobium spp. and Rare D. huoshanense Seeds. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:264. [PMID: 35859013 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In nature, orchid seed germination and seedling development depend on compatible mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal generalist and specificity affect the orchid distribution and rarity. Here, we investigated the specificity toward fungi in the rare D. huoshanense by mycorrhizal fungal isolation and symbiotic germination in vitro. Twenty mycorrhizal fungal strains were isolated from the roots of adult Dendrobium spp. (six and 12 strains from rare D. huoshanense and widespread D. officinale, respectively, and two strains from D. nobile and D. moniliforme, respectively) and 13 strains belong to Tulasnellaceae and seven strains belong to Serendipitaceae. Germination trials in vitro revealed that all 20 tested fungal strains can stimulate seed germination of D. huoshanense, but only nine strains (~ 50%) can support it up to the seedling stage. This finding indicates that generalistic fungi are important for early germination, but only a few can maintain a symbiosis with host in seedling stage. Thus, a shift of the microbial community from seedling to mature stage probably narrows the D. huoshanense distribution range. In addition, to further understand the relationship between the fungal capability to promote seed germination and fungal enzyme activity, we screened the laccase and pectase activity. The results showed that the two enzymes activities of fungi cannot be directly correlated with their germination-promoting activities. Understanding the host specificity degree toward fungi can help to better interpret the limited geographic distribution of D. huoshanense and provides opportunities for in situ and ex situ conservation and reintroduction programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xing
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang T, Wang X, Gang Y, Cui X, Lan H, Liu Z. Spatial Pattern of Endophytic Fungi and the Symbiotic Germination of Tulasnella Fungi from Wild Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae) in China. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:139. [PMID: 35305159 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The endophytic microbiome in orchid plants is rich and diverse; however, few studies have analyzed the endophytic microbiome of Cymbidium plants in different tissues and soils. This study implemented the Illumina Miseq technology to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi in different tissues of wild Cymbidium goeringii. The results demonstrated that different tissue samples harbor a rich fungal endophytic community, and those fungi could be classified into 4 phyla, at least 145 families, and 185 genera. The endophytic fungal community diversity differed among the orchid tissues and soils, and some fungal taxa were clearly concentrated in certain orchid tissues, with more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being detected. Investigation of mycorrhizal associations showed that 43 (about 3.8%) of the total 1137 OTUs could be assigned as Orchidaceae mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), while about 96.2% the OTUs were non-mycorrhizal fungi. Among the OMFs, OTUs of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae families were the most abundant, with different richness in the soil, followed by Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae, which were dominant in the root communities of C. goeringii. In the seeds, the absolutely dominant family was Nectriaceae, and the common OMFs Ceratobasidiaceae (five OTUs) and Tulasnellaceae (one OTU) were also detected in the seeds. Two Tulasnella spp. isolates from the roots of wild C. goeringii could effectively promote seed germination and rhizome formation of wild C. goeringii, and these strains might be particularly important in the practice of conservation for many endangered C. goeringii in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanqing Gang
- Hainan Jiachai Investment Holding Development Co., Ltd, Haikou, 572925, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huiwen Lan
- Hainan Jiachai Investment Holding Development Co., Ltd, Haikou, 572925, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Ma X, Chomnunti P, Doilom M, Daranagama DA, Kang J. Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Endophytic Xylariales Novelties from Dendrobium Species from Southwestern China and Northern Thailand. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030248. [PMID: 35330250 PMCID: PMC8955275 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylariales are common endophytes of Dendrobium. However, xylarialean species resolution remains difficult without sequence data and poor sporulation on artificial media and asexual descriptions for only several species and old type material. The surface-sterilized and morph-molecular methods were used for fungal isolation and identification. A total of forty-seven strains were identified as twenty-three species belonging to Apiosporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Induratiaceae, and Xylariaceae. Five new species—Annulohypoxylon moniliformis, Apiospora dendrobii, Hypoxylon endophyticum, H. officinalis and Nemania dendrobii were discovered. Three tentative new species were speculated in Xylaria. Thirteen known fungal species from Hypoxylon, Nemania, Nigrospora, and Xylaria were also identified. Another two strains were only identified at the genus and family level (Induratia sp., Hypoxylaceae sp.). This study recorded 12 new hosts for xylarialean endophytes. This is the first report of Xylariales species as endophytes from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum, D. cariniferum, D. harveyanum, D. hercoglossum, D. moniliforme, and D. moschatum. Dendrobium is associated with abundant xylarialean taxa, especially species of Hypoxylon and Xylaria. We recommend the use of oat agar with low concentrations to induce sporulation of Xylaria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Putarak Chomnunti
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Mingkwan Doilom
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dinushani Anupama Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo 11300, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-8558-8309
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10
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Grabka R, d’Entremont TW, Adams SJ, Walker AK, Tanney JB, Abbasi PA, Ali S. Fungal Endophytes and Their Role in Agricultural Plant Protection against Pests and Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030384. [PMID: 35161365 PMCID: PMC8840373 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all examined plant species harbour fungal endophytes which asymptomatically infect or colonize living plant tissues, including leaves, branches, stems and roots. Endophyte-host interactions are complex and span the mutualist-pathogen continuum. Notably, mutualist endophytes can confer increased fitness to their host plants compared with uncolonized plants, which has attracted interest in their potential application in integrated plant health management strategies. In this review, we report on the many benefits that fungal endophytes provide to agricultural plants against common non-insect pests such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and mites. We report endophytic modes of action against the aforementioned pests and describe why this broad group of fungi is vitally important to current and future agricultural practices. We also list an extensive number of plant-friendly endophytes and detail where they are most commonly found or applied in different studies. This review acts as a general resource for understanding endophytes as they relate to potential large-scale agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grabka
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (R.G.); (P.A.A.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Tyler W. d’Entremont
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Sarah J. Adams
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Allison K. Walker
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Joey B. Tanney
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada;
| | - Pervaiz A. Abbasi
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (R.G.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (R.G.); (P.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Isolating ecological-specific fungi and creating fungus-seed bags for epiphytic orchid conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Fungal Endophytes from Orchidaceae: Diversity and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Barberis L, Michalet S, Piola F, Binet P. Root fungal endophytes: identity, phylogeny and roles in plant tolerance to metal stress. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:326-345. [PMID: 33766311 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in 100 orders (mainly Hypocreales and Pleosporales) were reported from a wide variety of environments and hosts. Most reported endophytes had a positive effect on their host under metal stress, but with various effects on metal uptake or translocation and no clear taxonomic consistency. Future research considering the functional patterns and dynamics of these associations is thus encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barberis
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Serge Michalet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5557 Écologie microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Piola
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Binet
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, CNRS-UFC, UMR6249 Chrono-environnement, Montbéliard, France.
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14
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Izuddin M, Srivathsan A, Lee AL, Yam TW, Webb EL. Availability of orchid mycorrhizal fungi on roadside trees in a tropical urban landscape. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19528. [PMID: 31863015 PMCID: PMC6925147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban expansion threatens biodiversity worldwide, therefore urban spaces need to be amenable to biodiversity conservation. On trees in urban environments, natural colonisation and successful translocation of epiphytic orchids are necessary to enhance urban biodiversity, and depend on the availability of compatible orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). However, the extent of OMF presence and distribution, as well as niche requirements for the OMF, remain poorly studied. To identify and quantify OMF on urban trees as well as assess their suitability for native epiphytic orchids, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on tree bark and orchid root samples. OMF were detected at 60% of the study sites on 16% of 270 bark samples (from stem, fork, and branch microsites within each tree). OMF presence and richness on bark samples were related to multiple biophysical factors; in general, humus presence and precipitation levels were positively predictive of OMF presence and richness. We found Ceratobasidiaceae- and Serendipitaceae-associated OMF both on bark and within roots. Orchid species also showed differing mycorrhizal specificity. Sites associated with fungal genera Ceratobasidium, Rhizoctonia, and Serendipita were considered suitable habitats for seven orchid species. The results suggest that urban trees support OMF and are therefore suitable for native orchid species; however, OMF availability are largely constrained by biophysical factors. To maximise the likelihood of translocation success and consequent natural establishment, we propose that (micro)sites are screened for compatible OMF prior to any intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Izuddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Amrita Srivathsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ai Lan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tim Wing Yam
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 25956, Singapore
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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15
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Sarsaiya S, Shi J, Chen J. A comprehensive review on fungal endophytes and its dynamics on Orchidaceae plants: current research, challenges, and future possibilities. Bioengineered 2019; 10:316-334. [PMID: 31347943 PMCID: PMC6682353 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1644854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of medicinally important Orchidaceae, the extent of fungal endophytes specificity is not presently very clear. Limited study has been available on natural products formed and its role on plant growth, defence mechanism by endophytes, and to characterize the chief treasure of bioactive molecules. Therefore, this review article presents an evaluation of the endophytes associated with Orchidaceae for physiology, metabolism, and genomics which have prominently contributed to the resurgence of novel metabolite research increasing our considerate of multifaceted mechanisms regulatory appearance of biosynthetic gene groups encoding diverse metabolites. Additionally, we presented the comprehensive recent development of bio-strategies for the cultivation of endophytes from Orchidaceae and integration of bioengineered ‘Genomics with metabolism’ approaches with emphases collective omics as powerful approach to discover novel metabolite compounds. The Orchidaceae-fungal endophytes' biodynamics for sustainable development of bioproducts and its applications are supported in large-scale biosynthesis of industrially and pharmaceutical important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Sarsaiya
- a Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , China.,b Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- a Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- b Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , China.,c College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
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Fujimori S, Abe JP, Okane I, Yamaoka Y. Three new species in the genus Tulasnella isolated from orchid mycorrhiza of Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena (Orchidaceae). MYCOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Ma X, Nontachaiyapoom S, Jayawardena RS, yde KD, Gentekaki E, Zhou S, Qian Y, Wen T, Kang J. Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Dendrobium spp. in China and Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 2018; 43:23-57. [PMID: 30568535 PMCID: PMC6290043 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.43.25081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Colletotrichum are commonly found in many plant hosts as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally saprobes. Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from three Dendrobium species - D.cariniferum, D.catenatum and D.harveyanum, as well as three unidentified species. The taxa were identified using morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, GAPDH, ACT and ß-tubulin sequence data. This is the first time to identify endophytic fungi from Dendrobium orchids using the above method. The known species, Colletotrichumboninense, C.camelliae-japonicae, C.fructicola, C.jiangxiense and C.orchidophilum were identified as fungal endophytes of Dendrobium spp., along with the new species, C.cariniferi, C.chiangraiense, C.doitungense, C.parallelophorum and C.watphraense, which are introduced in this paper. One strain is recorded as an unidentified species. Corn meal agar is recommended as a good sporulation medium for Colletotrichum species. This is the first report of fungal endophytes associated with Dendrobiumcariniferum and D.harveyanum. Colletotrichumcamelliae-japonicae, C.jiangxiense, and C.orchidophilum are new host records for Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. yde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou institute of animal husbandry and veterinary, Guiyang, Guizhou province, 550005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Qian
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingchi Wen
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
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Host-specificity of symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi for enhancing seed germination, protocorm formation and seedling development of over-collected medicinal orchid, Dendrobium devonianum. J Microbiol 2018; 56:42-48. [PMID: 29299845 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
All orchids maintain an obligate relationship with mycorrhizal symbionts during seed germination. In most cases, germination-enhancing fungi have been isolated from roots of mature plants for conservation and cultivation purposes. To understand the germination biology of Dendrobium devonianum, an over-collected medicinal orchid, the seeds of D. devonianum were inoculated with a fungal strain (FDd1) isolated from naturally occurring protocorms of D. devonianum and two other germination-enhancing fungal strains (FDaI7 and FCb4) from D. aphyllum and Cymbidium mannii, respectively. The fungal strain was isolated from five protocorms of D. devonianum and identified as a species of the genus Epulorhiza. In germination trials, treatments with all of the three fungal strains showed a significant promoting effect on seed germination and protocorm formation, compared with the control treatment (no inoculation). However, FDd1 fungal strain showed the greatest effectiveness followed by FDaI7 and FCb4. For all inoculation and control treatments, seeds developed to protocorms regardless of the presence of illumination, whereas protocorms did not develop to seedlings unless illumination was provided. The results of our manipulative experiments confirmed the hypothesis that mycorrhizae associated with orchid seedlings are highly host-specific, and the degree of specificity may be life stagespecific under in vitro conditions. The specific mycorrhizal symbionts from protocorms can enhance restoration efforts and the conservation of orchids such as D. devonianum.
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Zettler LW, Rajaovelona L, Yokoya K, Kendon JP, Stice AL, Wood AE, Sarasan V. Techniques for the collection, transportation, and isolation of orchid endophytes from afar: a case study from Madagascar. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:54. [PMID: 29185075 PMCID: PMC5705530 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical orchids need more study with respect to their mycorrhizal associations. For researchers in distant countries who aspire to study these orchids augmenting their conservation, the great distances involved, coupled with limited funds, pose formidable challenges. These challenges are sometimes exacerbated by political unrest, delays in securing permits, unexpected hardships, and the risk that the biological samples collected (e.g., roots harboring mycorrhizal fungi) will not survive long-distance transport. RESULTS We describe a protocol for the collection and transport of root samples from Madagascar orchids to labs in the United Kingdom (Kew) and the United States (Illinois) where Rhizoctonia-like fungi were subsequently isolated. Three separate trips were made spanning 4 years (2012-2015), with emphasis on the collection of roots from epiphytic, lithophytic, and terrestrial orchids inhabiting the Itremo Massif of the Central Highlands. Collectively, the trips to Madagascar resulted in the isolation of all major groups of Rhizoctonia-like fungi (Ceratobasidium, Tulasnella, Sebacina) from all three orchid growth forms (terrestrials, epiphytes and lithophytes). Sampling of terrestrial and epiphytes during the rainy season (January) yielded best results. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that peloton-forming fungi in root samples can retain viability up to 3 weeks after collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W. Zettler
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Ave., Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA
| | - Landy Rajaovelona
- Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot #J131B, Ambodivaonjo-Ivandry, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Andrew L. Stice
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Ave., Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA
| | - Amanda E. Wood
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Ave., Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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21
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Wang X, Li Y, Song X, Meng Q, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Yu W. Influence of host tree species on isolation and communities of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi from roots of a tropical epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium sinense (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:709-718. [PMID: 28685256 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the host preference of orchids have focused on the association between orchids and host characteristics, but little is known about the differences of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal communities in epiphytic orchids growing on different host tree species. We selected Dendrobium sinense, a tropical epiphytic orchid, to determine if fungal endophytes from the roots of D. sinense were preferentially correlated with host tree species. Fifty-six fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 36 host trees were identified. The results indicated that the species richness and diversity of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal communities isolated from D. sinense roots were strongly influenced by host tree species. Both species richness and diversity indices showed that D. sinense roots on Syzygium buxifolium harbored the most diverse and abundant endophytic fungi. Species of Tulasnellaceae were dominant on S. buxifolium and Rhododendron moulmainense but infrequent on Cyclobalanopsis disciformis and Podocarpus neriifolius. Our results provide evidence for distinct mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal communities on different host tree species. Further research focusing on fungi-orchid-host preference could be conducted to increase our understanding for the in situ conservation of epiphytic orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Fujian, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xiqiang Song
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Qianwan Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wengang Yu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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22
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Herrera H, Valadares R, Contreras D, Bashan Y, Arriagada C. Mycorrhizal compatibility and symbiotic seed germination of orchids from the Coastal Range and Andes in south central Chile. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:175-188. [PMID: 27796595 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about Orchidaceae plants in Chile and their mycorrhizal associations, a key issue for designing protective actions for endangered species. We investigated root fungi from seven terrestrial orchid species to identify potential mycorrhizal fungi. The main characteristics of Rhizoctonia-like fungi were observed under light microscopy, and isolates were identified through PCR-ITS sequencing. Molecular identification of fungal sequences showed a high diversity of fungi colonizing roots. Fungal ability to germinate seeds of different orchids was determined in symbiotic germination tests; 24 fungal groups were isolated, belonging to the genera Tulasnella, Ceratobasidium, and Thanatephorus. Furthermore, dark septate and other endophytic fungi were identified. The high number of Rhizoctonia-like fungi obtained from adult orchids from the Coastal mountain range suggests that, after germination, these orchids may complement their nutritional demands through mycoheterotrophy. Nonetheless, beneficial associations with other endophytic fungi may also co-exist. In this study, isolated mycorrhizal fungi had the ability to induce seed germination at different efficiencies and with low specificity. Germin ation rates were low, but protocorms continued to develop for 60 days. A Tulasnella sp. isolated from Chloraea gavilu was most effective to induce seed germination of different species. The dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi did not show any effect on seed development; however, their widespread occurrence in some orchids suggests a putative role in plant establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rafael Valadares
- Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development, Rua Boaventura da silva 955, Cep 66050-090, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Domingo Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Casilla 617, Talca, Chile
| | - Yoav Bashan
- The Bashan Institute of Science, 1730 Post Oak Court, Auburn, AL, 36830, USA
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Av. IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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24
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Barnes EC, Jumpathong J, Lumyong S, Voigt K, Hertweck C. Daldionin, an Unprecedented Binaphthyl Derivative, and Diverse Polyketide Congeners from a Fungal Orchid Endophyte. Chemistry 2016; 22:4551-5. [PMID: 26880363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thailand possesses a rich diversity of orchid species that, in turn, live in symbiosis with a wide variety of fungi. Such endophytes have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with bioactivity against orchid and/or human pathogens. The orchid-associated fungal strain Daldinia eschscholtzii was found to produce a diverse range of aromatic polyketides including the new naphthalene derivatives daldionin, nodulones B and C, and daldinones F and G along with eight known compounds. Daldionin possesses an unprecedented oxane-linked binaphthyl ring system. These compounds demonstrate the high diversity of structural variations that are constructed during fungal biosynthesis, and the results include important observations concerning the biosynthesis of binaphthyl derivatives. Daldionin was found to have weak antiproliferative activity against HUVEC and K-562 cell lines. All but one of the isolated compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity towards at least one of the four tested microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Barnes
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr.11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Juangjun Jumpathong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr.11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr.11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr.11a, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Chair of Natural Product Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Jiang JH, Tam SL, Toda T, Chen LC. Controlling Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Chinese Mustard by Using Endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia spp. Isolated from Orchid Mycorrhizae. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:85-91. [PMID: 30688565 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-14-0597-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation of hypovirulent Rhizoctonia spp. has been recognized as an effective strategy for protecting plants against damping-off caused by pathogenic Rhizoctonia spp. In this study, endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from fungal pelotons in orchid plants were used for controlling Rhizoctonia damping-off of Chinese mustard. According to phylogenetic analysis and anastomosis group (AG) determination, the virulence of three isolates of multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani in AG-6; eight isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia in AG-A, AG-B, AG-G, AG-P, and AG-R; and two isolates of binucleate R. repens were evaluated using test plants. All isolates, except that in AG-R, caused low disease severity in 10-day-old radish (0.10 to 0.61), cucumber (0.28 to 0.54), and Chinese mustard (0.18 to 0.65). By contrast, pathogenic isolates in AG-4 killed almost all test plants with symptoms of collapsed hypocotyl and wilted leaves (0.88 to 0.96). Of the 13 endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia isolates assessed, AG-P isolates Cno10-3 and CalS1-2 provided 91 and 100% protection, respectively, against R. solani AG-4 in 26-day-old Chinese mustard. This study revealed that endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia spp. in orchid have the potential to biologically control damping-off of Chinese mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Hau Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Si-Loi Tam
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Toda
- Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural University, Shimo-shinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Lung-Chung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yokoya K, Zettler LW, Kendon JP, Bidartondo MI, Stice AL, Skarha S, Corey LL, Knight AC, Sarasan V. Preliminary findings on identification of mycorrhizal fungi from diverse orchids in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:611-25. [PMID: 25771863 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Orchid flora of Madagascar is one of the most diverse with nearly 1000 orchid taxa, of which about 90% are endemic to this biodiversity hotspot. The Itremo Massif in the Central Highlands of Madagascar with a Highland Subtropical climate range encompasses montane grassland, igneous and metamorphic rock outcrops, and gallery and tapia forests. Our study focused on identifying culturable mycorrhizae from epiphytic, lithophytic, and terrestrial orchid taxa to understand their diversity and density in a spatial matrix that is within the protected areas. We have collected both juvenile and mature roots from 41 orchid taxa for isolating their orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), and to culture, identify, and store in liquid nitrogen for future studies. Twelve operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of three known orchid mycorrhizal genera, were recognized by analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 85 isolates, and, by comparing with GenBank database entries, each OTU was shown to have closely related fungi that were also found as orchid associates. Orchid and fungal diversity were greater in gallery forests and open grasslands, which is very significant for future studies and orchid conservation. As far as we know, this is the first ever report of detailed identification of mycorrhizal fungi from Madagascar. This study will help start to develop a programme for identifying fungal symbionts from this unique biodiversity hotspot, which is undergoing rapid ecosystem damage and species loss. The diversity of culturable fungal associates, their density, and distribution within the Itremo orchid hotspot areas will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence W Zettler
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | | | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew L Stice
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | - Shannon Skarha
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | - Laura L Corey
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | - Audrey C Knight
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
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Jiang JH, Lee YI, Cubeta MA, Chen LC. Characterization and colonization of endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia fungi in the medicinal herb Anoectochilus formosanus (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:431-45. [PMID: 25575732 PMCID: PMC4512280 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal effects and techniques for cultivating Anoectochilus formosanus are well-documented, but little is known about the mycorrhizal fungi associated with A. formosanus. Rhizoctonia (Thanatephorus) anastomosis group 6 (AG-6) was the most common species isolated from fungal pelotons in native A. formosanus and represented 67% of the sample. Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium) AG-G, P, and R were also isolated and represent the first occurrence in the Orchidaceae. Isolates of AG-6, AG-R, and AG-P in clade I increased seed germination 44-91% and promoted protocorm growth from phases III to VI compared to asymbiotic treatments and isolates of AG-G in clade II and Tulasnella species in clade III. All isolates in clades I to III formed fungal pelotons in tissue-cultured seedlings of A. formosanus, which exhibited significantly greater growth than nonmycorrhizal seedlings. An analysis of the relative effect of treatment ([Formula: see text]) showed that the low level of colonization ([Formula: see text]) by isolates in clade I resulted in a significant increase in seedling growth compared to isolates in clades II (0.63-0.82) and III (0.63-0.75). There was also a negative correlation (r = -0.8801) with fresh plant weight and fungal colonization. Our results suggest that isolates in clade I may represent an important group associated with native populations of A. formosanus and can vary in their ability to establish a symbiotic association with A. formosanus. The results presented here are potentially useful for advancing research on the medicinal properties, production, and conservation of A. formosanus in diverse ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Hau Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural Science, No. 1, Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marc A. Cubeta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Lung-Chung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Tsavkelova EA, Zeng S, Ng TB, Parthibhan S, Dobránszki J, Cardoso JC, Rao MV. Symbiotic in vitro seed propagation of Dendrobium: fungal and bacterial partners and their influence on plant growth and development. PLANTA 2015; 242:1-22. [PMID: 25940846 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The genus Dendrobium is one of the largest genera of the Orchidaceae Juss. family, although some of its members are the most threatened today. The reason why many species face a vulnerable or endangered status is primarily because of anthropogenic interference in natural habitats and commercial overexploitation. The development and application of modern techniques and strategies directed towards in vitro propagation of orchids not only increases their number but also provides a viable means to conserve plants in an artificial environment, both in vitro and ex vitro, thus providing material for reintroduction. Dendrobium seed germination and propagation are challenging processes in vivo and in vitro, especially when the extreme specialization of these plants is considered: (1) their biotic relationships with pollinators and mycorrhizae; (2) adaptation to epiphytic or lithophytic life-styles; (3) fine-scale requirements for an optimal combination of nutrients, light, temperature, and pH. This review also aims to summarize the available data on symbiotic in vitro Dendrobium seed germination. The influence of abiotic factors as well as composition and amounts of different exogenous nutrient substances is examined. With a view to better understanding how to optimize and control in vitro symbiotic associations, a part of the review describes the strong biotic relations of Dendrobium with different associative microorganisms that form microbial communities with adult plants, and also influence symbiotic seed germination. The beneficial role of plant growth-promoting bacteria is also discussed.
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29
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Zi XM, Sheng CL, Goodale UM, Shao SC, Gao JY. In situ seed baiting to isolate germination-enhancing fungi for an epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium aphyllum (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:487-99. [PMID: 24563211 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchid conservation efforts, using seeds and species-specific fungi that support seed germination, require the isolation, identification, and germination enhancement testing of symbiotic fungi. However, few studies have focused on developing such techniques for the epiphytes that constitute the majority of orchids. In this study, conducted in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China, we used seeds of Dendrobium aphyllum, a locally endangered and medicinally valuable epiphytic orchid, to attract germination promoting fungi. Of the two fungi isolated from seed baiting, Tulasnella spp. and Trichoderma spp., Tulasnella, enhanced seed germination by 13.6 %, protocorm formation by 85.7 %, and seedling development by 45.2 % (all P < 0.0001). Epulorhiza, another seed germination promoting fungi isolated from Cymbidium mannii, also enhanced seed germination (6.5 %; P < 0.05) and protocorm formation (20.3 %; P < 0.0001), but Trichoderma suppressed seed germination by 26.4 % (P < 0.0001). Tulasnella was the only treatment that produced seedlings. Light increased seed imbibition, protocorm formation, and two-leaved seed development of Tulasnella inoculated seeds (P < 0.0001). Because the germination stage success was not dependent on fungi, we recommend that Tulasnella be introduced for facilitating D. aphyllum seed germination at the protocorm formation stage and that light be provided for increasing germination as well as further seedling development. Our findings suggest that in situ seed baiting can be used to isolate seed germination-enhancing fungi for the development of seedling production for conservation and reintroduction efforts of epiphytic orchids such as D. aphyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Zi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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30
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Ding R, Chen XH, Zhang LJ, Yu XD, Qu B, Duan R, Xu YF. Identity and specificity of Rhizoctonia-like fungi from different populations of Liparis japonica (Orchidaceae) in Northeast China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105573. [PMID: 25140872 PMCID: PMC4139347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizal association is known to be important to orchid species, and a complete understanding of the fungi that form mycorrhizas is required for orchid ecology and conservation. Liparis japonica (Orchidaceae) is a widespread terrestrial photosynthetic orchid in Northeast China. Previously, we found the genetic diversity of this species has been reduced recent years due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, but little was known about the relationship between this orchid species and the mycorrhizal fungi. The Rhizoctonia-like fungi are the commonly accepted mycorrhizal fungi associated with orchids. In this study, the distribution, diversity and specificity of culturable Rhizoctonia-like fungi associated with L. japonica species were investigated from seven populations in Northeast China. Among the 201 endophytic fungal isolates obtained, 86 Rhizoctonia-like fungi were identified based on morphological characters and molecular methods, and the ITS sequences and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all these Rhizoctonia-like fungi fell in the same main clade and were closely related to those of Tulasnella calospora species group. These findings indicated the high mycorrhizal specificity existed in L. japonica species regardless of habitats at least in Northeast China. Our results also supported the wide distribution of this fungal partner, and implied that the decline of L. japonica in Northeast China did not result from high mycorrhizal specificity. Using culture-dependent technology, these mycorrhizal fungal isolates might be important sources for the further utilizing in orchids conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hui Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Duan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Cruz D, Suárez JP, Kottke I, Piepenbring M. Cryptic species revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained from basidiomata of Tulasnella. Mycologia 2014; 106:708-22. [PMID: 24874921 DOI: 10.3852/12-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Delimitation of species and the search for a proper threshold for defining phylogenetic species in fungi are under discussion. In this study, morphological and molecular data are correlated to delimit species of Tulasnella, the most important mycobionts of Orchidaceae, which suffer from poor taxonomy. Resupinate basidiomata of Tulasnella species were collected in Ecuador and Germany, and 11 specimens (seven from Ecuador, four from Germany) were assigned to traditional species concepts by use of morphological keys. The specimens were compared by micro-anatomical examination with 75 specimens of Tulasnella borrowed from fungaria to obtain better insights on variation of characters. Sequences of the ITS region (127) were obtained after cloning from the fresh basidiomata and from pure cultures. Proportional variability of ITS sequences was analyzed within and among the cultures and the specimens designated to different morphospecies. Results suggested an intragenomic variation of less than 2%, an intraspecific variation of up to 4% and an interspecific divergence of more than 9% in Tulasnella. Cryptic species in Tulasnella, mostly from Ecuador, were revealed by phylogenetic analyses with 4% intraspecific divergence as a minimum threshold for delimiting species. Conventional diagnostic morphological characters appeared insufficient for species characterization. Arguments are presented for molecular delimitation of the established species Tulasnella albida, T. asymmetrica, T. eichleriana, T. cf. pinicola, T. tomaculum and T. violea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n C.P. 11 01 608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Juan Pablo Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n C.P. 11 01 608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Ingrid Kottke
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n C.P. 11 01 608, Loja, EcuadorInstitute of Evolution and Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Sathiyadash K, Muthukumar T, Murugan SB, Sathishkumar R, Pandey RR. In vitro symbiotic seed germination of South Indian endemic orchid Coelogyne nervosa. MYCOSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Zhao XL, Yang JZ, Liu S, Chen CL, Zhu HY, Cao JX. The colonization patterns of different fungi on roots of Cymbidium hybridum plantlets and their respective inoculation effects on growth and nutrient uptake of orchid plantlets. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:1993-2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Bletilla ochracea (Orchidaceae), with descriptions of seven new speices. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Hajong S, Kumaria S, Tandon P. Compatible fungi, suitable medium, and appropriate developmental stage essential for stable association of Dendrobium chrysanthum. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:1025-33. [PMID: 23553724 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of symbiotic association at the appropriate developmental stage helped maintain continued growth which is vital for the long-term ex vitro survival of the orchid. In the present study, symbiotic association was carried out using different developmental stages of Dendrobium chrysanthum and pathogenic Rhizoctonia isolates (obtained from orchids and non-orchid hosts) in different culture media. Isolate 2162 supported highest symbiotic germination on OMA-S (oat meal agar medium without nutrients + sucrose), whereas, stable symbiotic association with plantlets was obtained with isolate 4634 on OMA-NC (oat meal agar medium + cellulose). Isolate Dc-2S2 obtained from the host plant did not promote seed germination nor did it form association with protocorms or plantlets. This study, for the first time identifies a combination of compatible fungal isolate, suitable culture medium, and appropriate developmental stage at which symbiotic association in vitro can be deemed successful for the medicinally important orchid, D. chrysanthum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Hajong
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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36
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37
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Bailarote BC, Lievens B, Jacquemyn H. Does mycorrhizal specificity affect orchid decline and rarity? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:1655-65. [PMID: 23032816 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination, and many species maintain associations during later stages in their life cycle. Because of the critical dependence of orchids on fungi it has been suggested that the degree of mycorrhizal specificity may be associated with rarity and long-term survival of orchid species, especially in highly degraded or fragmented landscapes. To test this hypothesis, we compared mycorrhizal communities in two species that differed significantly in decline in Belgium and other parts of Europe. • METHODS Mycorrhizal associations were investigated in five populations of Anacamptis morio and Dactylorhiza fuchsii in Belgium. ITS-based DNA arrays were used for simultaneous detection and identification of a wide range of basidiomycetous mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal specificity, measured as phylogenetic diversity, was assessed for each population and compared between species. • KEY RESULTS For both species, the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of the mycorrhizal partners was low, and both species were associated with a large number of fungal lineages related to clades of the Tulasnellaceae family. Contrary to expectations, the species that was apparently resilient to decline was associated with fewer fungal operational taxonomical units than the declining species was, and the phylogenetic relatedness of mycorrhizal communities among populations was higher in the stable than in the declining orchid. • CONCLUSIONS Although our results do not present detailed insights into the causes of orchid persistence, they do suggest that orchid rarity and persistence are not necessarily related to fungal diversity and that other factors may be more important in determining orchid persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cachapa Bailarote
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Chen J, Wang H, Guo SX. Isolation and identification of endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi from seeds and roots of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2012; 22:297-307. [PMID: 21779810 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The seed germination of orchids under natural conditions requires association with mycorrhizal fungi. Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium chrysanthum are threatened orchid species in China where they are considered medicinal plants. For conservation and application of Dendrobium using symbiosis technology, we isolated culturable endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi colonized in the protocorms and adult roots of two species plants and identified them by morphological and molecular analyses (5.8S and nrLSU). Of the 127 endophytic fungi isolated, 11 Rhizoctonia-like strains were identified as Tulasnellales (three strains from protocorms of D. nobile), Sebacinales (three strains from roots of D. nobile and two strains from protocorms of D. chrysanthum) and Cantharellales (three strains from roots of D. nobile), respectively. In addition, species of Xylaria, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, and Phomopsis were the predominant non-mycorrhizal fungi isolated, and their probable ecological roles in the Dendrobium plants are discussed. These fungal resources will be of great importance for the large-scale cultivation of Dendrobium plants using symbiotic germination technology and for the screening of bioactive metabolites from them in the future.
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MESH Headings
- China
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Dendrobium/microbiology
- Fungi/classification
- Fungi/cytology
- Fungi/genetics
- Fungi/isolation & purification
- Genes, rRNA
- Orchidaceae
- Phylogeny
- Plant Roots/microbiology
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Seeds/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Tan XM, Chen XM, Wang CL, Jin XH, Cui JL, Chen J, Guo SX, Zhao LF. Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi in Roots of Nine Holcoglossum Plants (Orchidaceae) Collected from Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan Provinces of China. Curr Microbiol 2011; 64:140-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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