1
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Guo JS, Barnes ML, Smith WK, Anderegg WRL, Kannenberg SA. Dynamic regulation of water potential in Juniperus osteosperma mediates ecosystem carbon fluxes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:98-110. [PMID: 38725410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Some plants exhibit dynamic hydraulic regulation, in which the strictness of hydraulic regulation (i.e. iso/anisohydry) changes in response to environmental conditions. However, the environmental controls over iso/anisohydry and the implications of flexible hydraulic regulation for plant productivity remain unknown. In Juniperus osteosperma, a drought-resistant dryland conifer, we collected a 5-month growing season time series of in situ, high temporal-resolution plant water potential ( Ψ ) and stand gross primary productivity (GPP). We quantified the stringency of hydraulic regulation associated with environmental covariates and evaluated how predawn water potential contributes to empirically predicting carbon uptake. Juniperus osteosperma showed less stringent hydraulic regulation (more anisohydric) after monsoon precipitation pulses, when soil moisture and atmospheric demand were high, and corresponded with GPP pulses. Predawn water potential matched the timing of GPP fluxes and improved estimates of GPP more strongly than soil and/or atmospheric moisture, notably resolving GPP underestimation before vegetation green-up. Flexible hydraulic regulation appears to allow J. osteosperma to prolong soil water extraction and, therefore, the period of high carbon uptake following monsoon precipitation pulses. Water potential and its dynamic regulation may account for why process-based and empirical models commonly underestimate the magnitude and temporal variability of dryland GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Guo
- Arizona Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mallory L Barnes
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - William K Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences and Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Steven A Kannenberg
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 805023, USA
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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2
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Fukasawa Y, Kitabatake H. Factors associated with seedling establishment on logs of different fungal decay types-A seed-sowing experiment. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11508. [PMID: 38835527 PMCID: PMC11148398 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Wood decay fungi alter the abiotic and biotic properties of deadwood, which are important as nurse logs for seedling regeneration. However, the relationship between fungal decay type and seedling performance has not been evaluated experimentally. In this study, we examined the germination, growth, and survival of six arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and six ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species on three substrates (pine logs with brown and white rot and soil) by conducting seed-sowing experiments in a mixed forest dominated by Pinus densiflora and Quercus serrata. Analysis using ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (rDNA ITS1) sequencing revealed that the fungal community was significantly different across three substrates. The richness of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AM and ECM fungi was the largest on brown rot logs and soil, respectively. The substrate significantly affected the seedling performance when comparing wood decay types, but these were not consistent across the mycorrhizal status of the seedlings. Nevertheless, seedlings of some AM trees showed better growth and enhanced mycorrhizal colonization on brown rot logs than on white rot logs. The wood decay type influenced fungal communities in the logs and the performance of some seedling species partly by different mycorrhizal colonization rates. However, the effect was seedling species dependent and showed no apparent difference between AM and ECM trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Osaki Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitabatake
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Osaki Japan
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3
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Herol L, Avidar M, Yirmiahu S, Zach YY, Klein T, Shemesh H, Livne-Luzon S. Context-dependent benefits of forest soil addition on Aleppo pine seedling performance under drought and grass competition. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:217-227. [PMID: 38762648 PMCID: PMC11166812 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Seedling establishment under natural conditions is limited by numerous interacting factors. Here, we tested the combined effects of drought, herbaceous competition, and ectomycorrhizal inoculation on the performance of Aleppo pine seedlings grown in a net-house. The roots of all pine seedlings were strongly dominated by Geopora, a fungal genus known to colonize seedlings in dry habitats. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) inoculum significantly increased seedling height, biomass, and the number of side branches. However, under either competition or drought, the positive effect of EMF on seedling biomass and height was greatly reduced, while the effect on shoot branching was maintained. Further, under a combination of drought and competition, EMF had no influence on either plant growth or shape. The discrepancy in pine performance across treatments highlights the complexity of benefits provided to seedlings by EMF under ecologically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Herol
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Mor Avidar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Shahar Yirmiahu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Yair Yehoshua Zach
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagai Shemesh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Stav Livne-Luzon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Bogar LM. Modified source-sink dynamics govern resource exchange in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1523-1528. [PMID: 37691279 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between roots and fungi is founded on the movement of carbon from plants to fungi, and of soil resources from fungi to plants. Framing this movement as a trade can facilitate an understanding of how this mutualism has developed over evolutionary time, but fails to explain experimental observations of carbon and nutrient movement. Here, I propose that source-sink dynamics are an essential basic model to explain the movement of plant and fungal resources, which may be modified by plant immune response, variability in fungal molecular repertoires, and competition in the soil. Source-sink dynamics provide testable hypotheses to illuminate mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal resource movement and its consequences for mutualism stability and forest function under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bogar
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, 605 Hutchison Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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5
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Baca Cabrera JC, Vanderborght J, Couvreur V, Behrend D, Gaiser T, Nguyen TH, Lobet G. Root hydraulic properties: An exploration of their variability across scales. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e582. [PMID: 38590783 PMCID: PMC10999368 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Root hydraulic properties are key physiological traits that determine the capacity of root systems to take up water, at a specific evaporative demand. They can strongly vary among species, cultivars or even within the same genotype, but a systematic analysis of their variation across plant functional types (PFTs) is still missing. Here, we reviewed published empirical studies on root hydraulic properties at the segment-, individual root-, or root system scale and determined its variability and the main factors contributing to it. This corresponded to a total of 241 published studies, comprising 213 species, including woody and herbaceous vegetation. We observed an extremely large range of variation (of orders of magnitude) in root hydraulic properties, but this was not caused by systematic differences among PFTs. Rather, the (combined) effect of factors such as root system age, driving force used for measurement, or stress treatments shaped the results. We found a significant decrease in root hydraulic properties under stress conditions (drought and aquaporin inhibition, p < .001) and a significant effect of the driving force used for measurement (hydrostatic or osmotic gradients, p < .001). Furthermore, whole root system conductance increased significantly with root system age across several crop species (p < .01), causing very large variation in the data (>2 orders of magnitude). Interestingly, this relationship showed an asymptotic shape, with a steep increase during the first days of growth and a flattening out at later stages of development. We confirmed this dynamic through simulations using a state-of-the-art computational model of water flow in the root system for a variety of crop species, suggesting common patterns across studies and species. These findings provide better understanding of the main causes of root hydraulic properties variations observed across empirical studies. They also open the door to better representation of hydraulic processes across multiple plant functional types and at large scales. All data collected in our analysis has been aggregated into an open access database (https://roothydraulic-properties.shinyapps.io/database/), fostering scientific exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Baca Cabrera
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Jan Vanderborght
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Dominik Behrend
- Institute of Crop Science and Resources ConservationUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Institute of Crop Science and Resources ConservationUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thuy Huu Nguyen
- Institute of Crop Science and Resources ConservationUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Guillaume Lobet
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
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6
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Pellitier PT, Van Nuland M, Salamov A, Grigoriev IV, Peay KG. Potential for functional divergence in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across a precipitation gradient. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae031. [PMID: 38524763 PMCID: PMC10960952 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Functional traits influence the assembly of microbial communities, but identifying these traits in the environment has remained challenging. We studied ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities inhabiting Populus trichocarpa roots distributed across a precipitation gradient in the Pacific Northwest, USA. We profiled these communities using taxonomic (meta-barcoding) and functional (metagenomic) approaches. We hypothesized that genes involved in fungal drought-stress tolerance and fungal mediated plant water uptake would be most abundant in drier soils. We were unable to detect support for this hypothesis; instead, the abundance of genes involved in melanin synthesis, hydrophobins, aquaporins, trehalose-synthases, and other gene families exhibited no significant shifts across the gradient. Finally, we studied variation in sequence homology for certain genes, finding that fungal communities in dry soils are composed of distinct aquaporin and hydrophobin gene sequences. Altogether, our results suggest that while EMF communities exhibit significant compositional shifts across this gradient, coupled functional turnover, at least as inferred using community metagenomics is limited. Accordingly, the consequences of these distinct EMF communities on plant water uptake remain critically unknown, and future studies targeting the expression of genes involved in drought stress tolerance are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Pellitier
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States
| | - Michael Van Nuland
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States
- Society for the Protection of Underground Networks, SPUN, Dover, DE 19901, United States
| | - Asaf Salamov
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 United States
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States
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7
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de Freitas Pereira M, Cohen D, Auer L, Aubry N, Bogeat-Triboulot MB, Buré C, Engle NL, Jolivet Y, Kohler A, Novák O, Pavlović I, Priault P, Tschaplinski TJ, Hummel I, Vaultier MN, Veneault-Fourrey C. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis prepares its host locally and systemically for abiotic cue signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1784-1803. [PMID: 37715981 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth and survival are dependent on their ability to perceive signals, integrate them, and trigger timely and fitted molecular and growth responses. While ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominant tree-microbe interaction in forest ecosystems, little is known about how and to what extent it helps trees cope with environmental changes. We hypothesized that the presence of Laccaria bicolor influences abiotic cue perception by Populus trichocarpa and the ensuing signaling cascade. We submitted ectomycorrhizal or non-ectomycorrhizal P. trichocarpa cuttings to short-term cessation of watering or ozone fumigation to focus on signaling networks before the onset of any physiological damage. Poplar gene expression, metabolite levels, and hormone levels were measured in several organs (roots, leaves, mycorrhizas) and integrated into networks. We discriminated the signal responses modified or maintained by ectomycorrhization. Ectomycorrhizas buffered hormonal changes in response to short-term environmental variations systemically prepared the root system for further fungal colonization and alleviated part of the root abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The presence of ectomycorrhizas in the roots also modified the leaf multi-omics landscape and ozone responses, most likely through rewiring of the molecular drivers of photosynthesis and the calcium signaling pathway. In conclusion, P. trichocarpa-L. bicolor symbiosis results in a systemic remodeling of the host's signaling networks in response to abiotic changes. In addition, ectomycorrhizal, hormonal, metabolic, and transcriptomic blueprints are maintained in response to abiotic cues, suggesting that ectomycorrhizas are less responsive than non-mycorrhizal roots to abiotic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Cohen
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Lucas Auer
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Aubry
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Cyril Buré
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nancy L Engle
- Plant Systems Biology Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pierrick Priault
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Plant Systems Biology Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Irène Hummel
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, F-54000, Nancy, France
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8
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Sevanto S, Gehring CA, Ryan MG, Patterson A, Losko AS, Vogel SC, Carter KR, Dickman LT, Espy MA, Kuske CR. Benefits of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi to plant water relations depend on plant genotype in pinyon pine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14424. [PMID: 37660169 PMCID: PMC10475095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbes, such as root-associated fungi, can improve plant access to soil resources, affecting plant health, productivity, and stress tolerance. While mycorrhizal associations are ubiquitous, plant-microbe interactions can be species specific. Here we show that the specificity of the effects of microbial symbionts on plant function can go beyond species level: colonization of roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of the genus Geopora has opposite effects on water uptake, and stomatal control of desiccation in drought tolerant and intolerant genotypes of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.). These results demonstrate, for the first time, that microorganisms can have significant and opposite effects on important plant functional traits like stomatal control of desiccation that are associated with differential mortality and growth in nature. They also highlight that appropriate pairing of plant genotypes and microbial associates will be important for mitigating climate change impacts on vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J495, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Max G Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J495, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Integral Ecology Group, Duncan, BC, V9L 6H1, Canada
| | - Adair Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Adrian S Losko
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sven C Vogel
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Kelsey R Carter
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J495, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J495, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Michelle A Espy
- Engineering Technology and Design Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Cheryl R Kuske
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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9
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Rowland L, Ramírez-Valiente JA, Hartley IP, Mencuccini M. How woody plants adjust above- and below-ground traits in response to sustained drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37306017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function and survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what drought adjustment is and whether plants can adjust to sustained drought. This review focuses on woody plants and synthesises the evidence for drought adjustment in a selection of key above-ground and below-ground plant traits. We assess whether evaluating the drought adjustment of single traits, or selections of traits that operate on the same plant functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) is sufficient, or whether a multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, is required. We conclude that studies on drought adjustments in woody plants might overestimate the capacity for adjustment to drier environments if spatial studies along gradients are used, without complementary experimental approaches. We provide evidence that drought adjustment is common in above-ground and below-ground traits; however, whether this is adaptive and sufficient to respond to future droughts remains uncertain for most species. To address this uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within and across multiple axes of plant function (e.g. above-ground and below-ground) to gain a holistic view of drought adjustments at the whole-plant scale and how these influence plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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10
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Blonder BW, Aparecido LMT, Hultine KR, Lombardozzi D, Michaletz ST, Posch BC, Slot M, Winter K. Plant water use theory should incorporate hypotheses about extreme environments, population ecology, and community ecology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2271-2283. [PMID: 36751903 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant water use theory has largely been developed within a plant-performance paradigm that conceptualizes water use in terms of value for carbon gain and that sits within a neoclassical economic framework. This theory works very well in many contexts but does not consider other values of water to plants that could impact their fitness. Here, we survey a range of alternative hypotheses for drivers of water use and stomatal regulation. These hypotheses are organized around relevance to extreme environments, population ecology, and community ecology. Most of these hypotheses are not yet empirically tested and some are controversial (e.g. requiring more agency and behavior than is commonly believed possible for plants). Some hypotheses, especially those focused around using water to avoid thermal stress, using water to promote reproduction instead of growth, and using water to hoard it, may be useful to incorporate into theory or to implement in Earth System Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wong Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luiza Maria Teophilo Aparecido
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bradley C Posch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama
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11
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Vigneaud J, Kohler A, Sow MD, Delaunay A, Fauchery L, Guinet F, Daviaud C, Barry KW, Keymanesh K, Johnson J, Singan V, Grigoriev I, Fichot R, Conde D, Perales M, Tost J, Martin FM, Allona I, Strauss SH, Veneault-Fourrey C, Maury S. DNA hypomethylation of the host tree impairs interaction with mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2561-2577. [PMID: 36807327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizas are an intrinsic component of tree nutrition and responses to environmental variations. How epigenetic mechanisms might regulate these mutualistic interactions is unknown. By manipulating the level of expression of the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) and two demethylases DEMETER-LIKE (DML) in Populus tremula × Populus alba lines, we examined how host DNA methylation modulates multiple parameters of the responses to root colonization with the mutualistic fungus Laccaria bicolor. We compared the ectomycorrhizas formed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) trees and analyzed their methylomes and transcriptomes. The poplar lines displaying lower mycorrhiza formation rate corresponded to hypomethylated overexpressing DML or RNAi-ddm1 lines. We found 86 genes and 288 transposable elements (TEs) differentially methylated between WT and hypomethylated lines (common to both OX-dml and RNAi-ddm1) and 120 genes/1441 TEs in the fungal genome suggesting a host-induced remodeling of the fungal methylome. Hypomethylated poplar lines displayed 205 differentially expressed genes (cis and trans effects) in common with 17 being differentially methylated (cis). Our findings suggest a central role of host and fungal DNA methylation in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas including not only poplar genes involved in root initiation, ethylene and jasmonate-mediated pathways, and immune response but also terpenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vigneaud
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Mamadou Dia Sow
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Alain Delaunay
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Laure Fauchery
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Frederic Guinet
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Kerrie W Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jenifer Johnson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vasanth Singan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor Grigoriev
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Régis Fichot
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Francis M Martin
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Stéphane Maury
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
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12
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Allsup CM, George I, Lankau RA. Shifting microbial communities can enhance tree tolerance to changing climates. Science 2023; 380:835-840. [PMID: 37228219 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is pushing species outside of their evolved tolerances. Plant populations must acclimate, adapt, or migrate to avoid extinction. However, because plants associate with diverse microbial communities that shape their phenotypes, shifts in microbial associations may provide an alternative source of climate tolerance. Here, we show that tree seedlings inoculated with microbial communities sourced from drier, warmer, or colder sites displayed higher survival when faced with drought, heat, or cold stress, respectively. Microbially mediated drought tolerance was associated with increased diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas cold tolerance was associated with lower fungal richness, likely reflecting a reduced burden of nonadapted fungal taxa. Understanding microbially mediated climate tolerance may enhance our ability to predict and manage the adaptability of forest ecosystems to changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Allsup
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isabelle George
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A Lankau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Cosme M. Mycorrhizas drive the evolution of plant adaptation to drought. Commun Biol 2023; 6:346. [PMID: 36997637 PMCID: PMC10063553 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant adaptation to drought facilitates major ecological transitions, and will likely play a vital role under looming climate change. Mycorrhizas, i.e. strategic associations between plant roots and soil-borne symbiotic fungi, can exert strong influence on the tolerance to drought of extant plants. Here, I show how mycorrhizal strategy and drought adaptation have been shaping one another throughout the course of plant evolution. To characterize the evolutions of both plant characters, I applied a phylogenetic comparative method using data of 1,638 extant species globally distributed. The detected correlated evolution unveiled gains and losses of drought tolerance occurring at faster rates in lineages with ecto- or ericoid mycorrhizas, which were on average about 15 and 300 times faster than in lineages with the arbuscular mycorrhizal and naked root (non-mycorrhizal alone or with facultatively arbuscular mycorrhizal) strategy, respectively. My study suggests that mycorrhizas can play a key facilitator role in the evolutionary processes of plant adaptation to critical changes in water availability across global climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, 1348, Louvain‑la‑Neuve, Belgium.
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14
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Scartazza A, Sbrana C, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, Rezaie N, Lauteri M. Above- and belowground interplay: Canopy CO 2 uptake, carbon and nitrogen allocation and isotope fractionation along the plant-ectomycorrhiza continuum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:889-900. [PMID: 36541420 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In forests, mycorrhizal fungi regulate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. We evaluated the interplay among ectomycorrhizas (ECM), ecosystem C fluxes, tree productivity, C and N exchange and isotopic fractionation along the soil-ECM-plant continuum in a Mediterranean beech forest. From bud break to leaf shedding, we monitored: net ecosystem exchange (NEE, a measure of the net exchange of C between an ecosystem and the atmosphere), leaf area index, stem growth, N concentration, δ13 C and δ15 N in rhizosphere soil, ectomycorrhizal fine root tips (ERT), ECM-free fine root portions (NCR) and leaves. Seasonal changes in ERT relative biomass were strictly related to NEE and mimicked those detected in the radial growth. The analysis of δ13 C in ERT, leaves and NCR highlighted the impact of canopy photosynthesis on ERT development and an asynchronous seasonal C allocation strategy between ERT and NCR at the root tips level. Concerning N, δ15 N of leaves was negatively related to that of ERT and dependent on seasonal 15 N differences between ERT and NCR. Our results unravel a synchronous C allocation towards ERT and tree stem driven by the increasing NEE in spring-early summer. Moreover, they highlighted a phenology-dependent 15 N fractionation during N transfer from ECM to their hosts. This evidence, obtained in mature beech trees under natural conditions, may improve the knowledge of Mediterranean forests functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Pisa, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Sbrana
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBBA), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Porano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Porano, Italy
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15
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Low Specificity but Dissimilar Mycorrhizal Communities Associating with Roots May Contribute to the Spatial Pattern of Four Co-Occurring Habenaria (Orchidaceae) Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010665. [PMID: 36614105 PMCID: PMC9820590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi with orchid roots have been increasingly proven to play important roles in orchid growth, spatial distribution, and coexistence of natural communities. Here, we used 454 amplicon pyrosequencing with two different primer combinations to investigate the spatial variations in the community of OMF and endophytic fungi associates within the roots of four co-occurring Habenaria species. The results showed that all investigated Habenaria species were generalists and the different fungi communities may contribute to the spatial separation of the four Habenaria species. Firstly, the fungal OTUs identified in the roots of the four species overlapped but their presence differed amongst species and numerous distinct OMF families were unique to each species. Second, NMDS clustering showed samples clustered together based on associated species and PERMANOVA analyses indicated that fungi communities in the roots differed significantly between the Habenaria species, both for all endophytic fungi communities and for OMF communities. Third, the network structure of epiphytic fungi was highly specialized and modular but demonstrated lowly connected and anti-nested properties. However, it calls for more soil nutrition and soil fungal communities' studies to elucidate the contribution of habitat-specific adaptations in general and mycorrhizal divergence.
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16
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Razgulin SM. Mycorrhizal Complexes and Their Role in the Ecology of Boreal Forests (Review). BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Jing M, Shi Z, Zhang M, Zhang M, Wang X. Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Plants Associated with Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizas Are Differentially Influenced by Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2429. [PMID: 36145830 PMCID: PMC9504432 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important functional traits in plants which affect biogeochemical cycles. As the most widely observed plant−fungus mutualistic symbiosis, mycorrhiza plays a vital role in regulating plant growth. There are different types of mycorrhiza with various ecological functions in nature. Drought, as a frequent environmental stress, has been paid more and more attention due to its influence on plant growth. Numerous studies have confirmed that drought affects the concentration of N and P in plants, but few studies involve different mycorrhizal types of plants. In this study, the differences of N and P between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants under different drought patterns, drought duration and cultivation conditions were explored based on a dataset by a meta-analysis. Drought stress (DS) showed negative effects on AM plant N (−7.15%) and AM plant P (−13.87%), and a positive effect on AM plant N:P ratio (+8.01%). Drought significantly increased N and the N:P ratio of ECM plants by 1.58% and 3.58%, respectively, and decreased P of ECM plants by −2.00%. Short-term drought (<30 d) reduces more N and P than long-term drought (<30 d) in AM plant species. The duration of drought did not change the N concentration of ECM plant N, while short-term drought reduced ECM plant P. The effects of N and P on DS also varied with different planting conditions and functional groups between AM and ECM plants. Therefore, mycorrhizal effects and stoichiometry of N and P play a key role in plant response to drought. So mycorrhizal effects should be considered when studying plant responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Jing
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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18
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Fleurial K, Vaziriyeganeh M, Zwiazek JJ. Getting cold feet: tree productivity at the mercy of soil temperature. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1695-1699. [PMID: 35796551 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Killian Fleurial
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
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19
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Sakamoto Y, Sato S, Takizawa M, Narimatsu M. Identification of up-regulated genes in Tricholoma matsutake mycorrhiza. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6678003. [PMID: 36029515 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant roots associate with fungi to form mycorrhizae; tree roots especially associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi, such as Tricholoma species. Tricholoma matsutake is an economically important fungus in Asian countries and usually inhabits forests primarily composed of Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine). In this study, to understand the mycorrhizal association between T. matsutake and P. densiflora, genes specifically expressed in mycorrhiza compared with those expressed in mycelia and fruiting bodies were identified by RNA-seq. This revealed that genes for chromatin, proteasomes, signal transduction, pheromones, cell surface receptors, cytoskeleton, RNA processing, and transporters from T. matsutake were highly expressed in mycorrhiza. It also identified 35 mycorrhiza-induced small secreted protein (MiSSPs) that were highly expressed in mycorrhiza. Meanwhile, genes for proteases, defence-related proteins, cell-wall degradation, signal transduction, pinene synthesis, plant hormones, and transporters from P. densiflora were highly expressed in mycorrhiza. These genes may be involved in mycorrhizal formation and maintenance. A MiSSP, 1 460 819, was highly expressed in mycorrhiza, and this expression was maintained for 24 months. These results provide insight into the mycorrhizal association between T. matsutake and P. densiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sakamoto
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami-shi, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Shiho Sato
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami-shi, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takizawa
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami-shi, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Maki Narimatsu
- Iwate Prefectural Forest Technology Center, 560-11 Kemuyama, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3623, Japan
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20
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Yan Q, Li X, Xiao X, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Guan R, Wang D. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Cinnamomum migao by enhancing physio-biochemical responses. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9091. [PMID: 35845374 PMCID: PMC9273509 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is the main limiting factor for plant growth in karst areas with a fragile ecological environment. Cinnamomum migao H.W. Li is an endemic medicinal woody plant present in the karst areas of southwestern China, and it is endangered due to poor drought tolerance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance the drought tolerance of plants. However, few studies have examined the contribution of AMF in improving the drought tolerance of C. migao seedlings. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments to determine whether a single inoculation and coinoculation of AMF (Claroideoglomus lamellosum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) enhanced the drought tolerance of C. migao. Furthermore, we compared the effects of single inoculation and coinoculation with different inoculum sizes (20, 40, 60, and 100 g; four replicates per treatment) on mycorrhizal colonization rate, plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmoregulatory substance contents. The results showed that compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, AMF colonization significantly improved plant growing status; net photosynthetic rate; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities; and soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents. Furthermore, AMF colonization increased relative water content and reduced MDA content in cells. These combined cumulative effects of AMF symbiosis ultimately enhanced the drought tolerance of seedlings and were closely related to the inoculum size. With an increase in inoculum size, the growth rate and drought tolerance of plants first increased and then decreased. The damage caused by drought stress could be reduced by inoculating 40-60 g of AMF, and the effect of coinoculation was significantly better than that of single inoculation at 60 g of AMF, while the effect was opposite at 40 g of AMF. Additionally, the interaction between AMF and inoculum sizes had a significant effect on drought tolerance. In conclusion, the inoculation of the AMF (Cl. lamellosum and Cl. etunicatum) improved photosynthesis, activated antioxidant enzymes, regulated cell osmotic state, and enhanced the drought tolerance of C. migao, enabling its growth in fragile ecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiao Yan
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry Guizhou University Guiyang China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Xiangying Li
- Institute of New Rural Development Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Jingzhong Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Changhu Lin
- Department of Labor Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Ruiting Guan
- Department of Ecology, College of Forestry Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Daoping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
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21
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Authier L, Violle C, Richard F. Ectomycorrhizal Networks in the Anthropocene: From Natural Ecosystems to Urban Planning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900231. [PMID: 35845640 PMCID: PMC9280895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees acquire hydric and mineral soil resources through root mutualistic associations. In most boreal, temperate and Mediterranean forests, these functions are realized by a chimeric structure called ectomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are highly diversified and vary widely in their specificity toward plant hosts. Reciprocally, association patterns of ECM plants range from highly specialist to generalist. As a consequence, ECM symbiosis creates interaction networks, which also mediate plant-plant nutrient interactions among different individuals and drive plant community dynamics. Our knowledge of ECM networks essentially relies on a corpus acquired in temperate ecosystems, whereas the below-ground facets of both anthropogenic ECM forests and inter-tropical forests remain poorly investigated. Here, we successively (1) review the current knowledge of ECM networks, (2) examine the content of early literature produced in ECM cultivated forests, (3) analyze the recent progress that has been made in understanding the place of ECM networks in urban soils, and (4) provide directions for future research based on the identification of knowledge gaps. From the examined corpus of knowledge, we reach three main conclusions. First, the emergence of metabarcoding tools has propelled a resurgence of interest in applying network theory to ECM symbiosis. These methods revealed an unexpected interconnection between mutualistic plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) herbaceous plants, embedding ECM mycelia through root-endophytic interactions. This affinity of ECM fungi to bind VA and ECM plants, raises questions on the nature of the associated functions. Second, despite the central place of ECM trees in cultivated forests, little attention has been paid to these man-made landscapes and in-depth research on this topic is lacking. Third, we report a lag in applying the ECM network theory to urban soils, despite management initiatives striving to interconnect motile organisms through ecological corridors, and the highly challenging task of interconnecting fixed organisms in urban greenspaces is discussed. In particular, we observe a pauperized nature of resident ECM inoculum and a spatial conflict between belowground human pipelines and ECM networks. Finally, we identify the main directions of future research to make the needed link between the current picture of plant functioning and the understanding of belowground ECM networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Authier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, Montpellier, France
- Ilex Paysage + Urbanisme, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Richard
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, Montpellier, France
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22
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Effects of Controlled Mycorrhization and Deficit Irrigation in the Nursery on Post-Transplant Growth and Physiology of Acer campestre L. and Tilia cordata Mill. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to assess the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and deficit irrigation applied in the nursery on the post-transplant growth and physiology of Acer campestre L. and Tilia cordata Mill. For this purpose, 144 preconditioned plants were planted in an experimental plot in northern Italy and were monitored for three growing seasons. Controlled inoculation in the nursery enhanced the root colonization rate three years after transplanting only in Acer campestre. Inoculated Acer campestre showed higher survival, shoot length, turgor potential and leaf gas exchange than non-inoculated plants throughout the experiment. By contrast, in Tilia cordata, no difference in root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi was observed between plants inoculated or not in the nursery three years after transplanting. Indeed, the survival, growth and physiology of Tilia cordata after transplanting were little affected by inoculation. Deficit irrigation in the nursery determined higher survival, growth and CO2 assimilation rate and more favorable water relations in newly transplanted Acer campestre. By contrast, Tilia cordata exposed to deficit irrigation in the nursery showed lower growth and unaffected survival after transplanting compared to plants which received full irrigation in the nursery. The overall results suggest that nursery preconditioning through mycorrhizal inoculation and deficit irrigation can affect post-transplant performances, although their effectiveness depends on species’ mycorrhizal dependency and water use strategy.
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23
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See CR, Keller AB, Hobbie SE, Kennedy PG, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J. Hyphae move matter and microbes to mineral microsites: Integrating the hyphosphere into conceptual models of soil organic matter stabilization. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2527-2540. [PMID: 34989058 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Associations between soil minerals and microbially derived organic matter (often referred to as mineral-associated organic matter or MAOM) form a large pool of slowly cycling carbon (C). The rhizosphere, soil immediately adjacent to roots, is thought to control the spatial extent of MAOM formation because it is the dominant entry point of new C inputs to soil. However, emphasis on the rhizosphere implicitly assumes that microbial redistribution of C into bulk (non-rhizosphere) soils is minimal. We question this assumption, arguing that because of extensive fungal exploration and rapid hyphal turnover, fungal redistribution of soil C from the rhizosphere to bulk soil minerals is common, and encourages MAOM formation. First, we summarize published estimates of fungal hyphal length density and turnover rates and demonstrate that fungal C inputs are high throughout the rhizosphere-bulk soil continuum. Second, because colonization of hyphal surfaces is a common dispersal mechanism for soil bacteria, we argue that hyphal exploration allows for the non-random colonization of mineral surfaces by hyphae-associated taxa. Third, these bacterial communities and their fungal hosts determine the chemical form of organic matter deposited on colonized mineral surfaces. Collectively, our analysis demonstrates that omission of the hyphosphere from conceptual models of soil C flow overlooks key mechanisms for MAOM formation in bulk soils. Moving forward, there is a clear need for spatially explicit, quantitative research characterizing the environmental drivers of hyphal exploration and hyphosphere community composition across systems, as these are important controls over the rate and organic chemistry of C deposited on minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R See
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrienne B Keller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
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Fiorilli V, Maghrebi M, Novero M, Votta C, Mazzarella T, Buffoni B, Astolfi S, Vigani G. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Differentially Affects the Nutritional Status of Two Durum Wheat Genotypes under Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060804. [PMID: 35336686 PMCID: PMC8954065 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the most important agricultural crops, currently providing 18% of the daily intake of calories and 20% of daily protein intake for humans. However, being wheat that is cultivated in arid and semiarid areas, its productivity is threatened by drought stress, which is being exacerbated by climate change. Therefore, the identification of drought tolerant wheat genotypes is critical for increasing grain yield and also improving the capability of crops to uptake and assimilate nutrients, which are seriously affected by drought. This work aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth under normal and limited water availability in two durum wheat genotypes (Svevo and Etrusco). Furthermore, we investigated how the plant nutritional status responds to drought stress. We found that the response of Svevo and Etrusco to drought stress was differentially affected by AMF. Interestingly, we revealed that AMF positively affected sulfur homeostasis under drought conditions, mainly in the Svevo cultivar. The results provide a valuable indication that the identification of drought tolerant plants cannot ignore their nutrient use efficiency or the impact of other biotic soil components (i.e., AMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Moez Maghrebi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Cristina Votta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Teresa Mazzarella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Buffoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116706360
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Kalyniukova A, Tomášková I, Pešková V, Pastierovič F, Samek M, Balogh J. Development of a novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of ergosterol in roots and various fungi samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Novick KA, Ficklin DL, Baldocchi D, Davis KJ, Ghezzehei TA, Konings AG, MacBean N, Raoult N, Scott RL, Shi Y, Sulman BN, Wood JD. Confronting the water potential information gap. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2022; 15:158-164. [PMID: 35300262 PMCID: PMC8923290 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-022-00909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water potential directly controls the function of leaves, roots, and microbes, and gradients in water potential drive water flows throughout the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Notwithstanding its clear relevance for many ecosystem processes, soil water potential is rarely measured in-situ, and plant water potential observations are generally discrete, sparse, and not yet aggregated into accessible databases. These gaps limit our conceptual understanding of biophysical responses to moisture stress and inject large uncertainty into hydrologic and land surface models. Here, we outline the conceptual and predictive gains that could be made with more continuous and discoverable observations of water potential in soils and plants. We discuss improvements to sensor technologies that facilitate in situ characterization of water potential, as well as strategies for building new networks that aggregate water potential data across sites. We end by highlighting novel opportunities for linking more representative site-level observations of water potential to remotely-sensed proxies. Together, these considerations offer a roadmap for clearer links between ecohydrological processes and the water potential gradients that have the 'potential' to substantially reduce conceptual and modeling uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Novick
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University – Bloomington. Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Darren L. Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University – Bloomington. Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management. University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Davis
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Teamrat A. Ghezzehei
- Life and Environmental Sciences Department, University of California – Merced. Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Natasha MacBean
- Department of Geography, Indiana University – Bloomington. Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Nina Raoult
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement. Paris, France
| | - Russell L. Scott
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA – Agricultural Research Service. Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yuning Shi
- Department of Plant Science. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Sulman
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Wood
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Schultz CJ, Wu Y, Baumann U. A targeted bioinformatics approach identifies highly variable cell surface proteins that are unique to Glomeromycotina. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:45-66. [PMID: 35031894 PMCID: PMC8786786 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contributes to biodiversity and resilience in natural environments and healthy agricultural systems. Functional complementarity exists among species of AMF in symbiosis with their plant hosts, but the molecular basis of this is not known. We hypothesise this is in part due to the difficulties that current sequence assembly methodologies have assembling sequences for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) due to their low sequence complexity. IDPs are potential candidates for functional complementarity because they often exist as extended (non-globular) proteins providing additional amino acids for molecular interactions. Rhizophagus irregularis arabinogalactan-protein-like proteins (AGLs) are small secreted IDPs with no known orthologues in AMF or other fungi. We developed a targeted bioinformatics approach to identify highly variable AGLs/IDPs in RNA-sequence datasets. The approach includes a modified multiple k-mer assembly approach (Oases) to identify candidate sequences, followed by targeted sequence capture and assembly (mirabait-mira). All AMF species analysed, including the ancestral family Paraglomeraceae, have small families of proteins rich in disorder promoting amino acids such as proline and glycine, or glycine and asparagine. Glycine- and asparagine-rich proteins also were found in Geosiphon pyriformis (an obligate symbiont of a cyanobacterium), from the same subphylum (Glomeromycotina) as AMF. The sequence diversity of AGLs likely translates to functional diversity, based on predicted physical properties of tandem repeats (elastic, amyloid, or interchangeable) and their broad pI ranges. We envisage that AGLs/IDPs could contribute to functional complementarity in AMF through processes such as self-recognition, retention of nutrients, soil stability, and water movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Schultz
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Hachani C, Lamhamedi MS, Zine El Abidine A, Abassi M, Khasa DP, Béjaoui Z. Water Relations, Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Electrolyte Leakage of Ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis Seedlings in Response to Multi-Heavy Metal Stresses (Pb, Zn, Cd). Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010057. [PMID: 35056506 PMCID: PMC8779289 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of mine site restoration programs in arid and semi-arid areas poses a significant challenge and requires the use of high-quality seedlings capable of tolerating heavy metal stresses. The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on different physiological traits was investigated in Pinus halepensis seedlings grown in soil contaminated with heavy metals (Pb-Zn-Cd). Ectomycorrhizal (M) and non-ectomycorrhizal (NM) seedlings were subjected to heavy metals stress (C: contaminated, NC: control or non-contaminated) soils conditions for 12 months. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water relations parameters derived from pressure–volume curves and electrolyte leakage were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 months. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis promoted stronger resistance to heavy metals and improved gas exchange parameters and water-use efficiency compared to the non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings. The decrease in leaf osmotic potentials (Ψπ100: osmotic potential at saturation and Ψπ0: osmotic potential with loss of turgor) was higher for M-C seedling than NM-C ones, indicating that the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis promotes cellular osmotic adjustment and protects leaf membrane cell against leakage induced by Pb, Zn and Cd. Our results suggest that the use of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is among the promising practices to improve the morphophysiological quality of seedlings produced in forest nurseries, their performance and their tolerance to multi-heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadlia Hachani
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | - Mohammed S. Lamhamedi
- Centre for Forest Studies, Faculty of Forestry, Geography and Geomatics, Abitibi Price Building, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | | | - Mejda Abassi
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | - Damase P. Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Zoubeir Béjaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
- Correspondence:
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Badou SA, Houdanon RD, Tchan KI, Olou BA, Yorou NS. Effects of microclimate on bolete species richness and biomass in a Northern Benin woodland. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre A. Badou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi Interactions Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin
| | - Roel D. Houdanon
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi Interactions Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin
| | - Kassim I. Tchan
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi Interactions Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin
| | - Boris A. Olou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi Interactions Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin
| | - Nourou S. Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi Interactions Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin
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Mu D, Du N, Zwiazek JJ. Inoculation with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Associations Alleviates Drought Stress in Lowland and Upland Velvetleaf Blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtilloides) Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122786. [PMID: 34961258 PMCID: PMC8704242 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although velvetleaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides) is usually associated with sandy (upland) areas of the North American boreal forest, lowland populations can be also found in bogs, suggesting possible adaptations to different site conditions. In this study, we examined the role of ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi in conferring drought resistance to the upland and lowland velvetleaf blueberry seedlings. The seedlings were inoculated with four ERM fungi (Pezicula ericae, Pezoloma ericae, Meliniomyces variabilis, and Oidiodendron maius) isolated from the roots of ericaceous plants and grown under controlled environmental conditions in sterilized soil. The inoculated and non-inoculated (inoculation control) plants were subsequently subjected to three cycles of drought stress by withdrawing watering. Lowland plants appeared to benefit relatively more from mycorrhizal colonization, compared with the upland plants, in terms of plant growth and drought survival. After three weeks of treatments, the dry weights of non-inoculated well-watered upland plants were higher compared to the non-inoculated lowland plants. However, these differences were offset by the inoculation of plants with ERM fungi, some of which also significantly improved drought resistance characteristics of the upland and lowland plants. There were no major differences in the effects of different ERM fungal species on drought responses of upland and lowland plants. Of the examined ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, inoculation with Pezicula ericae was the most effective in conferring drought resistance characteristics to both upland and lowland seedlings and helped maintain higher shoot water potentials, net photosynthetic, and transpiration rates in plants subjected to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Mu
- Center of Landscape Architecture, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-2358
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Xie L, Zhou X, Liu Q, Zhao C, Yin C. Inorganic nitrogen uptake rate of Picea asperata curtailed by fine root acclimation to water and nitrogen supply and further by ectomycorrhizae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2130-2141. [PMID: 34537962 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi colonization and function depend on soil water and nutrient supply. To study the effects of resource supply on ECM colonization and inorganic nitrogen (N) uptake by roots of Picea asperata seedlings, we conducted a study at the end of a 5-year long experiment consisting of five watering regimes (40, 50, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity) and three NH4 NO3 application rates (0 [N0], 20 [N1], and 40 [N2] g N m-2 year-1 ). We measured fluxes of ammonium ( NH 4 + ) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) into colonized and uncolonized roots using noninvasive microtest technology. We found that, across the N supply levels, ECM colonization rate increased by 53 ± 14% from the highest to the lowest level of water supply. Across the watering regimes, the fraction of mycorrhizal root tips was 39 ± 4% higher under native N supply compared to roots grown under N additions. As expected for conifers, both colonized and uncolonized roots absorbed NH 4 + at a higher rate than NO 3 - . N additions reduced the instantaneous ion uptake rates of uncolonized roots grown under low water supply but enhanced the fluxes into roots grown under sufficient soil water availability. Soil water supply improves inorganic N uptake by uncolonized roots but reduces the efficiency of colonized roots. Under the lowest water supply regime, the uptake rate of NH 4 + and NO 3 - by colonized roots was 40-80% of those by uncolonized roots, decreasing to 20-30% as soil water supply improved. Taken together, our results suggest that the role ectomycorrhizae play in the nutrient acquisition of P. asperata seedling likely diminishes with increasing availability of soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingmei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunzhang Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Van Geel M, Aavik T, Ceulemans T, Träger S, Mergeay J, Peeters G, van Acker K, Zobel M, Koorem K, Honnay O. The role of genetic diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in population recovery of the semi-natural grassland plant species Succisa pratensis. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 34740329 PMCID: PMC8570031 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecosystem restoration is as a critical tool to counteract the decline of biodiversity and recover vital ecosystem services. Restoration efforts, however, often fall short of meeting their goals. Although functionally important levels of biodiversity can significantly contribute to the outcome of ecosystem restoration, they are often overlooked. One such important facet of biodiversity is within-species genetic diversity, which is fundamental to population fitness and adaptation to environmental change. Also the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), obligate root symbionts that regulate nutrient and carbon cycles, potentially plays a vital role in mediating ecosystem restoration outcome. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of intraspecific population genetic diversity, AMF diversity, and their interaction, to population recovery of Succisa pratensis, a key species of nutrient poor semi natural grasslands. We genotyped 180 individuals from 12 populations of S. pratensis and characterized AMF composition in their roots, using microsatellite markers and next generation amplicon sequencing, respectively. We also investigated whether the genetic makeup of the host plant species can structure the composition of root-inhabiting AMF communities. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that population allelic richness was strongly positively correlated to relative population growth, whereas AMF richness and its interaction with population genetic diversity did not significantly contribute. The variation partitioning analysis showed that, after accounting for soil and spatial variables, the plant genetic makeup explained a small but significant part of the unique variation in AMF communities. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that population genetic diversity can contribute to population recovery, highlighting the importance of within-species genetic diversity for the success of restoration. We could not find evidence, however, that population recovery benefits from the presence of more diverse AMF communities. Our analysis also showed that the genetic makeup of the host plant structured root-inhabiting AMF communities, suggesting that the plant genetic makeup may be linked to genes that control symbiosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Große Steinstr. 79/80, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, 9500, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
- Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Ecology, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Box 2439, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kasper van Acker
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Lorente B, Zugasti I, Sánchez-Blanco MJ, Nicolás E, Ortuño MF. Effect of Pisolithus tinctorious on Physiological and Hormonal Traits in Cistus Plants to Water Deficit: Relationships among Water Status, Photosynthetic Activity and Plant Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050976. [PMID: 34068420 PMCID: PMC8153628 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cistus species can form ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus that can bring benefits when plants are under water stress conditions. However, the application of some ectomycorrhizae on the water uptake under drought through physiological traits and hormonal regulation is less known. The experiment was performed during three months in a growth chamber with Cistus albidus plants in which the combined effect of the ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus tinctorious inoculation and two irrigation treatments (control and water-stressed plants) were applied. Irrigation absence caused significant decrease in aerial growth and tended to decrease soil water potential at the root surface, leading to a decrease in leaf water potential. Under these conditions, the abscisic acid and salicylic acid content increased while the precursor of ethylene decreased. Although the mycorrhization percentages were not high, the inoculation of P. tinctorious improved the water status and slightly cushioned the rise in leaf temperature of water-stressed plants. The ectomycorrhiza decreased the scopoletin values in leaves of plants subjected to deficit irrigation, indicating that inoculated plants had been able to synthesize defense mechanisms. Therefore, Pisolithus tinctorious alleviated some of the harmful effects of water scarcity in Cistus plants, being its use a sustainable option in gardening or restoration projects.
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Hagenbo A, Piñuela Y, Castaño C, Martínez de Aragón J, de-Miguel S, Alday JG, Bonet JA. Production and turnover of mycorrhizal soil mycelium relate to variation in drought conditions in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus ilex forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1609-1622. [PMID: 33091152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In forests, ectomycorrhizal mycelium is pivotal for driving soil carbon and nutrient cycles, but how ectomycorrhizal mycelial dynamics vary in ecosystems with drought periods is unknown. We quantified the production and turnover of mycorrhizal mycelium in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus ilex forests and related the estimates to standardised precipitation index (SPI), to study how mycelial dynamics relates to tree species and drought-moisture conditions. Production and turnover of mycelium was estimated between July and February, by quantifying the fungal biomass (ergosterol) in ingrowth mesh bags and using statistical modelling. SPI for time scales of 1-3 months was calculated from precipitation records and precipitation data over the study period. Forests dominated by Pinus trees displayed higher biomass but were seasonally more variable, as opposed to Q. ilex forests where the mycelial biomass remained lower and stable over the season. Production and turnover, respectively, varied between 1.4-5.9 kg ha-1 d-1 and 7.2-9.9 times yr-1 over the different forest types and were positively correlated with 2-month and 3-month SPI over the study period. Our results demonstrated that mycorrhizal mycelial biomass varied with season and tree species and we speculate that production and turnover are related to physiology and plant host performance during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hagenbo
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-251 98, Spain
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-701 82, Sweden
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Box 115, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | - Yasmine Piñuela
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-251 98, Spain
| | - Carles Castaño
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | | | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-251 98, Spain
| | - Josu G Alday
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-251 98, Spain
| | - José Antonio Bonet
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-251 98, Spain
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Wang J, Zhang H, Gao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Tang M. Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus variegatus) on the growth, hydraulic function, and non-structural carbohydrates of Pinus tabulaeformis under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33838652 PMCID: PMC8035767 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics in trees under drought stress is critical to elucidate the mechanisms underlying forest decline and tree mortality from extended periods of drought. This study aimed to assess the contribution of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus (Suillus variegatus) to hydraulic function and NSC in roots, stems, and leaves of Pinus tabulaeformis subjected to different water deficit intensity. We performed a continuous controlled drought pot experiment from July 10 to September 10, 2019 using P. tabulaeformis seedlings under 80, 40, and 20% of the field moisture capacity that represented the absence of non-drought, moderate drought, and severe drought stress, respectively. RESULTS Results indicated that S. variegatus decreased the mortality rate and increased height, root biomass, and leaf biomass of P. tabulaeformis seedlings under moderate and severe drought stress. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates of P. tabulaeformis were significantly increased after S. variegatus inoculation. Moreover, the inoculation of S. variegatus also significantly increased the NSC concentrations of all seedling tissues, enhanced the soluble sugars content, and increased the ratios of soluble sugars to starch on all tissues under severe drought. Overall, the inoculation of S. variegatus has great potential for improving the hydraulic function, increasing the NSC storage, and improving the growth of P. tabulaeformis under severe drought. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the S. variegatus can be used as a potential application strain for ecological restoration on arid regions of the Loess Plateau, especially in the P. tabulaeformis woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.
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Damszel M, Piętka S, Szczepkowski A, Sierota Z. Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130 Years Ago, Into Warmia, Poland. ACTA MYCOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5586/am.55212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In fall 2018 and 2019, we assessed colonization by fungi on Douglas fir trees [<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii </em>(Mirb.) Franco], white pine (<em>Pinus strobus </em>L.), and red cedar (<em>Thuja plicata </em>D. Don.) on selected experimental plots of the former Prussian Experimental Station, where nonnative tree species were introduced from North America over a century ago. The presence of sporocarps on trunks, root collars, and stumps as well as the litter layer in the soil within a radius of 0.5 m around the trunk of the tree was determined. Additionally, the volume of dead wood on the forest floor of the entire plot was assessed. We recorded numerous fungi on trees and stumps as well as in the litter and soil. For the 31 plots in 12 forest districts, we determined 745 sporocarps of 48 taxa, with 335/19 on the wood of <em>P. menziesii </em>trees and stumps, 377/15 on <em>P. strobus</em>, and 33/6 on <em>T. plicata </em>trees. The highest share of trees with various trunk damage levels was found for <em>T. plicata </em>(70.3%) and the lowest for <em>P. menziesii </em>(6.2%). Among the root parasitic fungi, <em>Heterobasidion </em>sp. and <em>Armillaria </em>sp. were found, especially on the collars and stumps of <em>T. plicata </em>and <em>P. strobus</em>; we did not find basidiomata of both pathogens on <em>P. menziesii</em>. The volume of dead wood within the <em>P. menziesii </em>plots averaged 7.1 m3/ha, whereas in <em>T. plicata </em>plots, it was 56.3 m3/ha. We identified 10 taxa that have not been reported in association with <em>P. strobus </em>for Poland (<em>Cylindrobasidium laeve</em>, <em>Dacrymyces </em>sp., <em>Exidia pithya</em>, <em>E. saccharina</em>, <em>Gymnopilus pnetrans</em>, <em>Leptoporus mollis</em>, <em>Mycena sanguinolenta</em>, <em>Tapinella panuoides</em>, <em>Trametes versicolor</em>, and <em>Xylaria hypoxylon</em>) and three taxa (<em>Exidia pithya</em>, <em>Leptoporus mollis</em>, <em>Serpula himantioides</em>) associated with <em>T. plicata</em>.
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Liu H, Chen H, Ding G, Li K, Wang Y. Proteomic Insight into the Symbiotic Relationship of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Suillus luteus towards Developing Al-Stress Resistance. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:177. [PMID: 33672434 PMCID: PMC7926926 DOI: 10.3390/life11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming significantly impacts forest range areas by increasing soil acidification or aluminum toxicity. Aluminum (Al) toxicity retards plant growth by inhibiting the root development process, hindering water uptake, and limiting the bioavailability of other essential micronutrients. Pinus massoniana (masson pine), globally recognized as a reforestation plant, is resistant to stress conditions including biotic and abiotic stresses. This resistance is linked to the symbiotic relationship with diverse ectomycorrhizal fungal species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic regulators as expressed proteins, conferring a symbiotic relationship between Al-stress resistance and Suillus luteus in masson pine. Multi-treatment trials resulted in the identification of 12 core Al-stress responsive proteins conserved between Al stress conditions with or without S. luteus inoculation. These proteins are involved in chaperonin CPN60-2, protein refolding and ATP-binding, Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase precursor, oxidation-reduction process, and metal ion binding, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, glycolytic process, and metabolic process. Furthermore, 198 Al responsive proteins were identified specifically under S. luteus-inoculation and are involved in gene regulation, metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, hydrolase activity, and peptide activity. Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, endoglucanase, putative spermidine synthase, NADH dehydrogenase, and glutathione-S-transferase were found with a significant positive expression under a combined Al and S. luteus treatment, further supported by the up-regulation of their corresponding genes. This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploiting the regulatory role of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and associated genetic changes in resistance against Al stress in masson pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, China;
| | - Houying Chen
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kuaifen Li
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Yao Wang
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, China;
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Boeraeve M, Everts T, Vandekerkhove K, De Keersmaeker L, Van de Kerckhove P, Jacquemyn H. Partner turnover and changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities during the early life stages of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:43-53. [PMID: 33140217 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first life stages of a tree are subject to strong environmental stresses and competition, limiting their chances of survival. Establishing a mutualistic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi during early life stages may increase growth and survival rates of trees, but how mycorrhizal communities assemble during these stages remains unclear. Here, we studied variation in the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal communities in the soil and roots of Fagus sylvatica seedlings and saplings. Fungal DNA was extracted from the soil and seedling and sapling roots collected in 156 plots across the beech-dominated Sonian forest (Belgium) and community composition was determined through metabarcoding. EcM fungal community composition significantly differed between soil, seedlings and saplings. Russula, Amanita and Inocybe were most abundant in soil, while Lactarius and Scleroderma were more abundant in seedling and sapling roots and Xerocomellus and Laccaria were most abundant in sapling roots. Our results provide evidence of partner turnover in EcM fungal community composition with increasing age in the early life stages of F. sylvatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Boeraeve
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, Leuven, KU, Belgium.
| | - Teun Everts
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, Leuven, KU, Belgium
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高 宏. Research Progress on the Effects of Logging and Burning on Forest Soil Microorganisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2021.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nardini A, Petruzzellis F, Marusig D, Tomasella M, Natale S, Altobelli A, Calligaris C, Floriddia G, Cucchi F, Forte E, Zini L. Water 'on the rocks': a summer drink for thirsty trees? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:199-212. [PMID: 32772381 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced tree mortality frequently occurs in patches with different spatial and temporal distributions, which is only partly explained by inter- and intraspecific variation in drought tolerance. We investigated whether bedrock properties, with special reference to rock water storage capacity, affects tree water status and drought response in a rock-dominated landscape. We measured primary porosity and available water content of breccia (B) and dolostone (D) rocks. Saplings of Fraxinus ornus were grown in pots filled with soil or soil mixed with B and D rocks, and subjected to an experimental drought. Finally, we measured seasonal changes in water status of trees in field sites overlying B or D bedrock. B rocks were more porous and stored more available water than D rocks. Potted saplings grown with D rocks had less biomass and suffered more severe water stress than those with B rocks. Trees in sites with B bedrock had more favourable water status than those on D bedrock which also suffered drought-induced canopy dieback. Bedrock represents an important water source for plants under drought. Different bedrock features translate into contrasting below-ground water availability, leading to landscape-level heterogeneity of the impact of drought on tree water status and dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Francesco Petruzzellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Daniel Marusig
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, Piacenza, 29122, Italia
| | - Martina Tomasella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Sara Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Alfredo Altobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Chiara Calligaris
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Gabriele Floriddia
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Franco Cucchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Emanuele Forte
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Luca Zini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
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Hachani C, Lamhamedi MS, Cameselle C, Gouveia S, Zine El Abidine A, Khasa DP, Béjaoui Z. Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E2033. [PMID: 33352645 PMCID: PMC7766719 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings-especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadlia Hachani
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia and Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | - Mohammed S. Lamhamedi
- Center for Forest Studies, Faculty of Forestry, Geography and Geomatics, Abitibi Price Building, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Claudio Cameselle
- BiotecnIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Rua Maxwell s/n, Building Fundicion, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Susana Gouveia
- BiotecnIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Rua Maxwell s/n, Building Fundicion, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | | | - Damase P. Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada;
| | - Zoubeir Béjaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia and Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
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Malhi GS, Kaur M, Kaushik P, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Arbuscular mycorrhiza in combating abiotic stresses in vegetables: An eco-friendly approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1465-1476. [PMID: 33613074 PMCID: PMC7878692 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable production is hampered by several abiotic stresses which are very common in this era of climate change. There is a huge pressure on the plants to survive and yield better results even in the prevalence of various environmental stresses such as cold stress, drought, heat stress, salinity etc. This necessitates the need of robust plant growth which is possible with mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhiza improves plants tolerance to several abiotic stresses by various physiological, functional and biochemical changes in plants. The application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as vegetable biofertilizers doesn’t only influence the plant health, but moreover discursively it lowers the demand for harmful chemical fertilizers. Overall, it may be concluded that inoculation of vegetables with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be used, as it easily guards plants against undesirable abiotic stresses. In this work, information is provided based on several examples from the literature based on the application of AM to combat harmful abiotic stresses in vegetable crops. This paper reviews the impacts of AM fungi on the plant parameters, its functional activities and molecular mechanisms which makes it more adaptable and underline the future prospects of using AM fungi as a biofertilizer in the stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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Suseela V, Tharayil N, Orr G, Hu D. Chemical plasticity in the fine root construct of Quercus spp. varies with root order and drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1835-1851. [PMID: 32750158 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots of trees exhibit varying degree of plasticity to adapt to environmental stress. Although the morphological and physiological plasticity of roots has been well studied, less known are the accompanying changes in the chemical composite (chemical plasticity) of fine roots, which regulates both root function and soil carbon sequestration. We investigated the changes in quantity, composition and localization of phenolic compounds in fine root orders of Quercus alba and Quercus rubra subjected to drought stress. In both species the total quantity of lignins varied only by root orders, where the distal (first and second) root orders had lower lignin compared to higher orders. Despite a lower lignin content, the distal root orders had higher content of guaiacyl lignin and bound phenolics that would provide a greater meshing of lignocellulosic matrix, and thus a higher tissue integrity. Unlike lignins, drought altered the quantity and composition of tannins. In Q. alba, the ellagitannins decreased in the distal root orders exposed to drought, while the fiber-bound condensed tannnins increased. The lower content of ellagitannins with antimicrobial properties under drought reveals an adaptive response by fine roots to promote symbiotic association, as evidenced by the higher colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Our study revealed that, when exposed to drought, the composition of heteropolymers are strategically varied across fine root orders, so as to provide a greater root function without compromising the tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29624, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29624, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Liu H, Chen H, Ding G, Li K, Ren Q. Identification of candidate genes conferring tolerance to aluminum stress in Pinus massoniana inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:521. [PMID: 33198640 PMCID: PMC7667757 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinus massoniana Lamb. is an important afforestation tree species with high economic, ecological and medicinal values. Aluminum (Al) toxicity driven by soil acidification causes dieback of P. massoniana plantations. Previous studies showed that ectomycorrhizal fungi alleviate Al stress damages in Pinus, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and key genes induced by ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculation under Al stress in Pinus have not been explored. Herein, we applied Al stress for 60 days to P. massoniana seedlings inoculated with Suillus luteus (SL) and those non-inoculated. Then, we compared their growth parameters and transcriptome in order to detect candidate genes induced by SL conferring Al tolerance in P. massoniana. RESULT Our results showed that SL inoculation confers Al stress tolerance in P. massoniana through improved growth performance, strong antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation as compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Transcriptome sequencing further supported these findings as very few genes (51 genes) were transcriptionally altered by Al in SL inoculated plants as compared to non-inoculated plants (2140 genes). We identified three core genes (cox1, cox3 and Nd1) that were strongly up-regulated by Al in the SL inoculated plants but were down-regulated in the non-inoculated plants. We also identified 42 genes specifically regulated by SL inoculated plants under Al stress, which are involved in a wide range of biological processes such as antioxidative response, transporters, hormone signaling and plant pathogen infection responses. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data suggest that SL inoculation induces priming of key stress response pathways and triggers specific genes that efficiently alleviate Al stress effects in P. massoniana. The candidate genes resources generated in this study are of utmost importance for functional characterization and molecular studies aiming at improving Al tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Houying Chen
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Kuaifen Li
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qifei Ren
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
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Gehring C, Sevanto S, Patterson A, Ulrich DEM, Kuske CR. Ectomycorrhizal and Dark Septate Fungal Associations of Pinyon Pine Are Differentially Affected by Experimental Drought and Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:582574. [PMID: 33193530 PMCID: PMC7606852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changing climates can cause shifts in temperature and precipitation, resulting in warming and drought in some regions. Although each of these factors has been shown to detrimentally affect forest ecosystems worldwide, information on the impacts of the combined effects of warming and drought is lacking. Forest trees rely on mutualistic root-associated fungi that contribute significantly to plant health and protection against climate stresses. We used a six-year, ecosystem-scale temperature and precipitation manipulation experiment targeted to simulate the climate in 2100 in the Southwestern United States to quantify the effects of drought, warming and combined drought and warming on the root colonization (abundance), species composition and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and dark septate fungal endophytes in a widespread woodland tree, pinyon pine (Pinus edulis E.). Our results show that pinyon shoot growth after 6 years of these treatments was reduced more by drought than warming. The combined drought and warming treatment reduced the abundance and diversity of EMF more than either treatment alone. Individual ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa, including the drought tolerant Cenococcum geophilum, were present in all treatments but the combined drought and warming treatment. The combined drought and warming treatment also reduced the abundance of dark septate endophytes (DSE), but did not affect their diversity or species composition. The current year shoot growth of the trees correlated positively with ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, highlighting the importance of diversity in mutualistic relationships to plant growth. Our results suggest that EMF may be more important than DSE to aboveground growth in P. edulis, but also more susceptible to the negative effects of combined climate stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Adair Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | - Cheryl R. Kuske
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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Zhang Z, Yan C, Zhang H. Mutualism between antagonists: its ecological and evolutionary implications. Integr Zool 2020; 16:84-96. [PMID: 32930482 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutualism or antagonism between species is often investigated within the framework of monotonic interactions of either mutualism or antagonism, but studies on transition from mutualism to antagonism (within the context of nonmonotonic interactions) have been largely ignored. In this paper, through a brief review and synthesis, we highlighted the role of mutualism between antagonists in regulating the ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as maintaining the stability and complexity of ecosystems. Mutualism between antagonistic species represents the density-dependent transition between mutualism and antagonism, which is beneficial to species coexistence and stability of complex ecosystems; thus, it should be favored by natural selection. Species may face selection of conflicting pressure on functional traits in co-balancing mutualism and antagonism, which may result in evolution of the dual character of species with moderate mutualistic or antagonistic traits. Coevolution and co-balance of these traits are driving forces in shaping mutualism-antagonism systems. Rewards for mutualists, punishment for exploiters, and competition of meta-communities are essential in stabilizing mutualism between antagonists. We appeal for more studies on mutualism between antagonists and its ecological and evolutionary implications by expanding the conventional ecological studies from monotonic to nonmonotonic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology & College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Weemstra M, Peay KG, Davies SJ, Mohamad M, Itoh A, Tan S, Russo SE. Lithological constraints on resource economies shape the mycorrhizal composition of a Bornean rain forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:253-268. [PMID: 32436227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) produce contrasting plant-soil feedbacks, but how these feedbacks are constrained by lithology is poorly understood. We investigated the hypothesis that lithological drivers of soil fertility filter plant resource economic strategies in ways that influence the relative fitness of trees with AMF or EMF symbioses in a Bornean rain forest containing species with both mycorrhizal strategies. Using forest inventory data on 1245 tree species, we found that although AMF-hosting trees had greater relative dominance on all soil types, with declining lithological soil fertility EMF-hosting trees became more dominant. Data on 13 leaf traits and wood density for a total of 150 species showed that variation was almost always associated with soil type, whereas for six leaf traits (structural properties; carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus ratios, nitrogen isotopes), variation was also associated with mycorrhizal strategy. EMF-hosting species had slower leaf economics than AMF-hosts, demonstrating the central role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant resource economies. At the global scale, climate has been shown to shape forest mycorrhizal composition, but here we show that in communities it depends on soil lithology, suggesting scale-dependent abiotic factors influence feedbacks underlying the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Weemstra
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier), 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0118, USA
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Mohizah Mohamad
- Forest Department Sarawak, Wisma Sumber Alam, Petra Jaya, Kuching, Sarawak, 93660, Malaysia
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Smithsonian ForestGEO, Lambir Hills National Park, Km32 Miri-Bintulu Road, Miri, Sarawak, 9800, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0118, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0660, USA
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Granular Calcite Stimulates Natural Mycorrhization and Growth of White Spruce Seedlings in Peat-Based Substrates in Forest Nursery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071088. [PMID: 32708327 PMCID: PMC7409261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidity of peat-based substrates used in forest nurseries limits seedling mineral nutrition and growth as well as the activity of microorganisms. To our knowledge, no study has yet evaluated the use of granular calcite as a covering material to increase pH, calcium and CO2 concentrations in the rhizosphere and ectomycorrhizal development. The objective is to compare different covering treatments on early colonization of the roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi, as well as the growth and calcium nutrition of white spruce seedlings in the forest nursery. Three treatments were used to cover the plant cavities (Silica (29 g/cavity; control treatment), Calcite (24 g/cavity) and calcite+ (31 g/cavity)) and were distributed randomly inside each of the five complete blocks of the experimental design. The results show that calcite stimulates natural mycorrhization. Seedlings grown with calcite have significant gains for several growth and physiological variables, and that the periphery of their root plugs are more colonized by the extramatrical phase of ectomycorrhizal fungi, thus improving root-plug cohesion. The authors discuss the operational scope of the results in relation to the tolerance of seedlings to environmental stress and the improvement of their quality, both in the nursery and in reforestation sites.
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Fadaei S, Vaziriyeganeh M, Young M, Sherr I, Zwiazek JJ. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi enhance salt tolerance in ericaceous plants. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:419-429. [PMID: 32363467 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effects of ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi on salt tolerance of ericaceous plants, we inoculated roots of velvetleaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides), Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi Oidiodendron maius and Meliniomyces variabilis. Plants were subjected to 0 (NaCl control) and 30 mM NaCl treatments, and plant dry weights, gas exchange, and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were compared in inoculated and non-inoculated plants. M. variabilis increased root dry weights in all three species of NaCl-treated plants, and O. maius enhanced root dry weights of lingonberry plants treated with NaCl. Both fungal species were especially effective in enhancing root and shoot dry weights in control (0 mM NaCl) and NaCl-treated lingonberry seedlings. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations were enhanced by fungal inoculation in all three plant species, and this effect persisted under salt stress in Labrador tea and lingonberry. Salt treatment drastically reduced transpiration rates (E) and lowered net photosynthesis (Pn) to the negative values in all three species of non-inoculated plants, and this effect was partly or almost completely reversed by the inoculation with O. maius and M. variabilis. Fungal inoculation was especially effective in reducing NaCl effects on Pn in lingonberry. Oidiodendron maius and M. variabilis were also equally effective in reversing NaCl-induced declines of E in velvetleaf blueberry and lingonberry. However, in Labrador tea, O. maius reversed the decline of E in NaCl-treated plants less compared with M. variabilis resulting in high photosynthetic water use efficiency values. The results support the hypothesis that, similarly to arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations, ERM association increases salt tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fadaei
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Michelle Young
- Imperial Oil Resources Ltd., Calgary Research Centre, 9223 23rd Street SE, Calgary, AB, T2C 5R2, Canada
| | - Ira Sherr
- Canadian Natural Resources Ltd., 2100, 855 - 2 Street S.W, Calgary, AB, T2P 4J8, Canada
- InnoTech Alberta, 250 Karl Clark Rd NW, Edmonton, AB, T6N 1E4, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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