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Huyan T, Fan L, Zheng ZY, Zhao JH, Han ZR, Wu P, Ma Q, Du YQ, Shi YD, Gu CY, Li XJ, Wang WH, Zhang L, Tie L. ROCK1 inhibition improves wound healing in diabetes via RIPK4/AMPK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1477-1491. [PMID: 38538716 PMCID: PMC11192920 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Refractory wounds are a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that often leads to amputation because of the lack of effective treatments and therapeutic targets. The pathogenesis of refractory wounds is complex, involving many types of cells. Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (ROCK1) phosphorylates a series of substrates that trigger downstream signaling pathways, affecting multiple cellular processes, including cell migration, communication, and proliferation. The present study investigated the role of ROCK1 in diabetic wound healing and molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that ROCK1 expression significantly increased in wound granulation tissues in diabetic patients, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, and db/db diabetic mice. Wound healing and blood perfusion were dose-dependently improved by the ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil in diabetic mice. In endothelial cells, fasudil and ROCK1 siRNA significantly elevated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase at Thr172 (pThr172-AMPKα), the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and suppressed the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and nitrotyrosine formation. Experiments using integrated bioinformatics analysis and coimmunoprecipitation established that ROCK1 inhibited pThr172-AMPKα by binding to receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4). These results suggest that fasudil accelerated wound repair and improved angiogenesis at least partially through the ROCK1/RIPK4/AMPK pathway. Fasudil may be a potential treatment for refractory wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Huyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Wound Healing Center and Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhao
- Department of Wound Healing Center and Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhen-Ru Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ya-Qin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun-di Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chun-Yan Gu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Wound Healing Center and Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Lee JH, Yoon JY, Kim DH, Kwon YG, Kim GH, Park BJ, Suh DH. Potential of cannabidiol as acne and acne scar treatment: novel insights into molecular pathways of pathophysiological factors. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:428. [PMID: 38904694 PMCID: PMC11192675 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), which is derived from hemp, is gaining recognition because of its anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating properties that could be utilized to treat acne. We conducted experiments to quantitatively assess the effects of CBD on acne-related cellular pathways. SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to various CBD concentrations. CBD exhibited a concentration-dependent impact on cell viability and notably reduced SEB-1 viability; furthermore, it induced apoptosis and a significant increase in the apoptotic area at higher concentrations. Additionally, CBD remarkably reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CXCL8, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Additionally, it inhibited lipid synthesis by modulating the AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway and effectively reduced hyperkeratinization-related protein keratin 16. Simultaneously, CBD stimulated the synthesis of elastin, collagen 1, and collagen 3. These findings emphasize the potential of CBD for the management of acne because of its anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and lipid-inhibitory effects. Notably, the modulation of the Akt/AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway revealed a novel and promising mechanism that could address the pathogenesis of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yoon
- Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Gyung Kwon
- Skin and Natural Products Laboratory, Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyeong Kim
- Skin and Natural Products Laboratory, Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Jun Park
- Skin and Natural Products Laboratory, Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hun Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DK, Jo SH, Lee ES, Ha KB, Park NW, Kong DH, Park SI, Park JS, Chung CH. DWN12088, A Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor, Alleviates Hepatic Injury in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:97-111. [PMID: 38173372 PMCID: PMC10850270 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a liver disease caused by obesity that leads to hepatic lipoapoptosis, resulting in fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, the mechanism underlying NASH is largely unknown, and there is currently no effective therapeutic agent against it. DWN12088, an agent used for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, is a selective prolyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) inhibitor that suppresses the synthesis of collagen. However, the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effect of DWN12088 is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the role of DWN12088 in NASH progression. METHODS Mice were fed a chow diet or methionine-choline deficient (MCD)-diet, which was administered with DWN12088 or saline by oral gavage for 6 weeks. The effects of DWN12088 on NASH were evaluated by pathophysiological examinations, such as real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, biochemical analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of hepatic injury were assessed by in vitro cell culture. RESULTS DWN12088 attenuated palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipid accumulation and lipoapoptosis by downregulating the Rho-kinase (ROCK)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling cascades. PA increased but DWN12088 inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 (Ser536, Ser276) and the expression of proinflammatory genes. Moreover, the DWN12088 inhibited transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced pro-fibrotic gene expression by suppressing TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1)/Smad2/3 and TGFβR1/glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) axis signaling. In the case of MCD-diet-induced NASH, DWN12088 reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and lipoapoptosis and prevented the progression of fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights about DWN12088, namely that it plays an important role in the overall improvement of NASH. Hence, DWN12088 shows great potential to be developed as a new integrated therapeutic agent for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Division of Research Program, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Su Ho Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Na Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Deok-Hoon Kong
- Division of Research Program, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Division of Research Program, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Drug Discovery Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Xu M, Zhang P, Lv W, Chen Y, Chen M, Leng Y, Hu T, Wang K, Zhao Y, Shen J, You X, Gu D, Zhao W, Tan S. A bifunctional anti-PCSK9 scFv/Exendin-4 fusion protein exhibits enhanced lipid-lowering effects via targeting multiple signaling pathways in HFD-fed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127003. [PMID: 37739280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Fusion protein which encompasses more than one functional component, has become one of the most important representatives of macromolecular drugs for disease treatment since that monotherapy itself might not be effective enough to eradicate the disease. In this study, we sought to construct a bifunctional antibody fusion protein by fusing anti-PCSK9 scFv with Exendin-4 for simultaneously lowering both LDL-C and TG. Firstly, three Ex4-anti-PCSK9 scFv fusion proteins were constructed by genetically connecting the C-terminal of Exendin-4 to the N-terminal of anti-PCSK9 scFv through various flexible linker peptides (G4S)n (n = 2, 3, 4). After soluble expression in E. coli, the most potent Ex4-(G4S)4-anti-PCSK9 scFv fusion protein was selected based on in vitro activity assays. Then, we investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of Ex4-(G4S)4-anti-PCSK9 scFv on the serum lipid profile and bodyweight changes as well as underlying molecular mechanism in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. The data showed that Ex4-(G4S)4-anti-PCSK9 scFv exhibits enhanced effects of lowering both LDL-C and TG in serum, reducing food intake and body weight via blocking PCSK9/LDLR, activating AMPK/SREBP-1 pathways, and up-regulating sirt6. Conclusively, Ex4-(G4S)4-anti-PCSK9 has the potential to serve as a promising therapeutic agent for effectively treating dyslipidemia with high levels of both LDL-C and TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Lv
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Manman Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yeqing Leng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yaqiang Zhao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiangyan You
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dian Gu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shuhua Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Zanin-Zhorov A, Chen W, Moretti J, Nyuydzefe MS, Zhorov I, Munshi R, Ghosh M, Serdjebi C, MacDonald K, Blazar BR, Palmer M, Waksal SD. Selectivity matters: selective ROCK2 inhibitor ameliorates established liver fibrosis via targeting inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1176. [PMID: 37980369 PMCID: PMC10657369 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is driven by dysregulated metabolism precipitated by chronic inflammation. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) have been implicated in these processes, however the ability of selective ROCK2 inhibition to target simultaneously profibrotic, pro-inflammatory and metabolic pathways remains undocumented. Here we show that therapeutic administration of GV101, a selective ROCK2 inhibitor with more than 1000-fold selectivity over ROCK1, attenuates established liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in combination with high-fat diet in mice. GV101 treatment significantly reduces collagen levels in liver, associated with downregulation of pCofilin, pSTAT3, pAkt, while pSTAT5 and pAMPK levels are increased in tissues of treated mice. In vitro, GV101 inhibits profibrogenic markers expression in fibroblasts, adipogenesis in primary adipocytes and TLR-induced cytokine secretion in innate immune cells via targeting of Akt-mTOR-S6K signaling axis, further uncovering the ROCK2-specific complex mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of highly selective ROCK2 inhibitors in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Chen
- Graviton Bioscience B.V, Amsterdam, 1017 CG, Netherlands
| | - Julien Moretti
- Graviton Bioscience B.V, Amsterdam, 1017 CG, Netherlands
| | | | - Iris Zhorov
- Graviton Bioscience B.V, Amsterdam, 1017 CG, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Kelli MacDonald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapies, University of MN, Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Saha M, Das S, Manna K, Saha K. Melatonin targets ferroptosis through bimodal alteration of redox environment and cellular pathways in NAFLD model. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230128. [PMID: 37728565 PMCID: PMC10560965 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-conventional cellular death caused by lipid peroxide induced iron deposition. Intracellular lipid accumulation followed by generation of lipid peroxides is an hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Melatonin (MLT) is an important pineal hormone with tremendous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Various studies targeted ferroptosis in different diseases using melatonin. However, none of them focused the intrinsic mechanism of MLT's action to counteract ferroptosis in NAFLD. Hence, the present study investigated the role of MLT in improvement of NAFLD-induced ferroptosis. HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs) to induce in vitro NAFLD state and C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) followed by MLT administration. The results indicated that MLT administration caused the recovery from both FFA- and HFD-induced ferroptotic state via increasing GSH and SOD level, decreasing lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increasing Nrf2 and HO-1 level to defend cells against an oxidative environment. MLT also altered the expression of two key proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11 back to their normal levels, which would otherwise cause ferroptosis. MLT also protected against histopathological damage of both liver tissue and HepG2 cells as depicted by Oil Red O, HE staining and immunofluorescence microscopy. MLT also had control over pAMPKα as well as PPARγ and PPARα responsible for lipid homeostasis and lipogenesis. In brief, MLT exerted its multifaceted effect in FFA- and HFD-induced NAFLD by retrieving cellular oxidative environment, reducing lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and GPX4/SLC7A11 axis to combat ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Kalyani, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Cellular Lipotoxicity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010183. [PMID: 36671568 PMCID: PMC9855893 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) represent major health issues that have reached alarming levels in the last decades. Although growing evidence demonstrates that AD is a significant comorbidity of T2D, and there is a ~1.4-2-fold increase in the risk of developing AD among T2D patients, the involvement of possible common triggers in the pathogenesis of these two diseases remains largely unknown. Of note, recent mechanistic insights suggest that lipotoxicity could represent the missing ring in the pathogenetic mechanisms linking T2D to AD. Indeed, obesity, which represents the main cause of lipotoxicity, has been recognized as a major risk factor for both pathological conditions. Lipotoxicity can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, ceramide and amyloid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis, and autophagy, which are shared biological events in the pathogenesis of T2D and AD. In the current review, we try to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the common molecular pathways activated by lipotoxicity in T2D and AD, attempting to summarize how these mechanisms can drive future research and open the way to new therapeutic perspectives.
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Liu T, Zhang N, Kong L, Chu S, Zhang T, Yan G, Ma D, Dai J, Ma Z. Paeoniflorin alleviates liver injury in hypercholesterolemic rats through the ROCK/AMPK pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968717. [PMID: 36081948 PMCID: PMC9445162 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main active component in Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and it has multiple effects. However, the precise mechanism of PF in hypercholesterolemia is unclear. In this study, rats were either fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 4 weeks to establish the hypercholesterolemic model or administered normal saline or PF (20 mg/kg/day). PF significantly reduced liver weight and the liver index. PF reduced hepatic lipid deposition and inflammation, improved serum lipid metabolism, and significantly inhibited serum and hepatic oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. PF treatment caused a marked decrease in the phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit (p-MYPT)-1, nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels, and an increase in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Thus, PF could alleviate liver injury in hypercholesterolemic rats, and the specific mechanism may be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and ROCK/AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lingya Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sijie Chu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Experimental Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guangdi Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Ma, ; Donglai Ma, ; Jun Dai,
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Ma, ; Donglai Ma, ; Jun Dai,
| | - Zhihong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Ma, ; Donglai Ma, ; Jun Dai,
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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10
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Tian S, Wang Y, Li X, Liu J, Wang J, Lu Y. Sulforaphane Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolisms in Obese Mice by Restraining JNK and Activating Insulin and FGF21 Signal Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13066-13079. [PMID: 34706542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most common complications of obesity are metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperglycemia, and low-grade inflammation. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a hydrolysate of glucosinolate (GLS) that is found in large quantities in cruciferous vegetables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanism by which SFN relieves obesity complications in obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and treated daily with 10 mg/(kg body weight (bw)) SFN for 8 weeks, while a positive control group was treated daily with 300 mg/(kg bw) metformin. Our results indicated that SFN attenuated NAFLD, inflammation, oxidative stress, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and insulin resistance, as well as regulated glucose and lipid metabolism. SFN regulated glucose and lipid metabolism by deactivating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and blocking the inhibitory effect of the insulin signaling pathway. SFN also regulated glucose metabolism by alleviating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance. Our research provides an empirical basis for clinical treatment with SFN in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yunfan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, China
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11
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da Silva Campelo M, Neto JFC, Lima ABN, das Chagas Neto FC, da Costa Gonzaga ML, de Aguiar Soares S, Leal LKAM, Ribeiro MENP, Ricardo NMPS. Polysaccharides and extracts from Agaricus brasiliensis Murill - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1697-1714. [PMID: 34022313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been increasingly introduced into the human diet, which has driven research into their functional properties. Thus, Agaricus brasiliensis Murill or Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) is a species native to the Brazilian biome, whose fruiting body has been used not only for dietary purposes, but also in the development of functional foods or as source of molecules of pharmacological interest. The bioactivity of ABM has been related to the presence of polysaccharides, although the contribution of other metabolites cannot be discharged. This work describes the polysaccharides isolation methodology and preparation of the extracts of ABM and their biological activities. Furthermore, it presents a general outline of its characterizations regarding composition, chemical structure and properties in solution. The ABM and its chemical constituents exhibit several biological activities that support their potential use for prevention or treatment of diseases with inflammatory background, such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. The mechanism of action of the extracts and polysaccharides from ABM is mainly related to a modulation of immune system response or reduction of inflammatory response. This review shows that the ABM has great potential in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological and food sectors that deserves additional research using standardized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - João Francisco Câmara Neto
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Nogueira Lima
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Francisco Cirineu das Chagas Neto
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60430-160, Brasil
| | - Maria Leônia da Costa Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Sandra de Aguiar Soares
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60430-160, Brasil.
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil.
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, CEP: 60455-760, Brasil.
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12
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Li Y, Lu X, Li X, Guo X, Sheng Y, Li Y, Xu G, Han X, An L, Du P. Effects of Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides on hyperlipidemic rats by regulation of intestinal microflora. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2758-2772. [PMID: 32566193 PMCID: PMC7300064 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research envisaged the effects of Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides (ABPs) on blood lipids and its role in regulation of the intestinal microflora in hyperlipidemic rats. The acidic polysaccharide fraction of Agaricus blazei Murrill was obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography. The sugar content of ABP was 75.1%. Compared with the model group (MG), the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels decreased (p < .05 or p < .01) and the HDL-C levels increased (p < .01) significantly in the ABP group. Expression of CYP7A1 was up-regulated (p < .01), and that of SREBP-1C (p < .05) was down-regulated significantly in the liver tissue of rats in the ABP group. Additionally, the disordered hepatic lobules and the steatosis of hepatocytes were found to be significantly alleviated in the ABP group. We believe that ABP can reduce the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and reduce the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae_unclassified, and Ruminococcaceae, increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Allobaculum, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, and Erysipelotrichaceae as targets to regulate blood lipids. The results showed ABP could regulate the dyslipidemia in rats with hyperlipidemia. The mechanism may be through the regulation of the imbalance of intestinal microflora induced by the high-fat diet in rats, which may be one of the important ways of its intervention on the dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xuechun Lu
- General Hospital of People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Li
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xiao Guo
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yu Sheng
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yingna Li
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xiao Han
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Liping An
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Peige Du
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
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13
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Li Y, Yu X, Xu YJ, Li J, Du L, Su Q, Cao P, Liu Y. Effects of polar compounds in fried palm oil on liver lipid metabolism in C57 mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1915-1923. [PMID: 32460375 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polar components (PCs) are produced during the frying of oil, affecting the quality of edible oil and posing a hazard to human health. In this study, C57 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet containing purified PCs for nine weeks. Their effects on lipid metabolism and liver function in animals were analyzed. Our results indicated that the contents of total PCs and saturated fatty acid increased from 6.07 ± 0.6% and 58.27 ± 0.35% to 19.17 ± 1.8% and 69.91 ± 0.51%, respectively (P < 0.01). PC intake resulted an 18.56% higher liver index in mice than that in the HF group. The PC group had the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content (1.94 ± 0.11 nmol/mg protein) and the liver nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) was 4, which already showed NAFLD characteristics. In addition, the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, and peroxisome acyl-CoA oxidase 1, indicated that PC increased hepatic lipid accumulation by upregulating the transcriptional level of fat synthesis genes and further leads to liver damage by affecting mitochondrial function. Our results provided important information about the effects of PCs produced in the frying process of PO on animal health, which is critical for assessing the biosafety of fried products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The research will help promote the industrial upgrading of fried foods and help consumers build healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Liyang Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Su
- Red Dragonfly Oil Co., Ltd, eastern section of the Huangshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401121, PR China
| | - Peirang Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
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14
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Modulation of Fatty Acid-Related Genes in the Response of H9c2 Cardiac Cells to Palmitate and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030537. [PMID: 32110930 PMCID: PMC7140414 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While high levels of saturated fatty acids are associated with impairment of cardiovascular functions, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to exert protective effects. However the molecular mechanisms underlying this evidence are not completely understood. In the present study we have used rat H9c2 ventricular cardiomyoblasts as a cellular model of lipotoxicity to highlight the effects of palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, on genetic and epigenetic modulation of fatty acid metabolism and fate, and the ability of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, to contrast the actions that may contribute to cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Treatment with a high dose of palmitate provoked mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis, and hypertrophy of cardiomyoblasts. Palmitate also enhanced the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of master transcription factors for lipogenesis, and it favored the expression of genes encoding key enzymes that metabolically activate palmitate and commit it to biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, miR-33a, a highly conserved microRNA embedded in an intronic sequence of the SREBP2 gene, was co-expressed with the SREBP2 messenger, while its target carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b was down-regulated. Manipulation of the levels of miR-33a and SREBPs allowed us to understand their involvement in cell death and hypertrophy. The simultaneous addition of PUFAs prevented the effects of palmitate and protected H9c2 cells. These results may have implications for the control of cardiac metabolism and dysfunction, particularly in relation to dietary habits and the quality of fatty acid intake.
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15
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Landry T, Shookster D, Huang H. Tissue-Specific Approaches Reveal Diverse Metabolic Functions of Rho-Kinase 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:622581. [PMID: 33633690 PMCID: PMC7901932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.622581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) has been implicated in diverse metabolic functions throughout the body, with promising evidence identifying ROCK1 as a therapeutic target in diabetes and obesity. Considering these metabolic roles, several pharmacological inhibitors have been developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ROCK1 function. Y27632 and fasudil are two common ROCK1 inhibitors; however, they have varying non-specific selectivity to inhibit other AGC kinase subfamily members and whole-body pharmacological approaches lack tissue-specific insight. As a result, interpretation of studies with these inhibitors is difficult, and alternative approaches are needed to elucidate ROCK1's tissue specific metabolic functions. Fortunately, recent technological advances utilizing molecular carriers or genetic manipulation have facilitated discovery of ROCK1's tissue-specific mechanisms of action. In this article, we review the tissue-specific roles of ROCK1 in the regulation of energy balance and substrate utilization. We highlight prominent metabolic roles in liver, adipose, and skeletal muscle, in which ROCK1 regulates energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism via inhibition of AMPK2α and paradoxical modulation of insulin signaling. Compared to ROCK1's roles in peripheral tissues, we also describe contradictory functions of ROCK1 in the hypothalamus to increase energy expenditure and decrease food intake via leptin signaling. Furthermore, dysregulated ROCK1 activity in either of these tissues results in metabolic disease phenotypes. Overall, tissue-specific approaches have made great strides in deciphering the many critical metabolic functions of ROCK1 and, ultimately, may facilitate the development of novel treatments for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Shookster
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Hu Huang,
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16
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Peng HY, Li HP, Li MQ. Downregulated ABHD5 Aggravates Insulin Resistance of Trophoblast Cells During Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:233-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Muntoni E, Marini E, Ahmadi N, Milla P, Ghè C, Bargoni A, Capucchio MT, Biasibetti E, Battaglia L. Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for oral delivery of insulin and insulin analogs: preliminary ex vivo and in vivo studies. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:1283-1292. [PMID: 31407113 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Subcutaneous administration of insulin in patients suffering from diabetes is associated with the distress of daily injections. Among alternative administration routes, the oral route seems to be the most advantageous for long-term administration, also because the peptide undergoes a hepatic first-pass effect, contributing to the inhibition of the hepatic glucose output. Unfortunately, insulin oral administration has so far been hampered by degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes and poor intestinal absorption. Loading in lipid nanoparticles should allow to overcome these limitations. METHODS Entrapment of peptides into such nanoparticles is not easy, because of their high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and thermo-sensitivity. In this study, this objective was achieved by employing fatty acid coacervation method: solid lipid nanoparticles and newly engineered nanostructured lipid carriers were formulated. Insulin and insulin analog-glargine insulin-were entrapped in the lipid matrix through hydrophobic ion pairing. RESULTS Bioactivity of lipid entrapped peptides was demonstrated through a suitable in vivo experiment. Ex vivo and in vivo studies were carried out by employing fluorescently labelled peptides. Gut tied up experiments showed the superiority of glargine insulin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, which demonstrated significantly higher permeation (till 30% dose/mL) compared to free peptide. Approximately 6% absolute bioavailability in the bloodstream was estimated for the same formulation through in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Consequently, a discrete blood glucose responsivity was noted in healthy animals. CONCLUSIONS Given the optimized ex vivo and in vivo intestinal uptake of glargine insulin from nanostructured lipid carriers, further studies will be carried out on healthy and diabetic rat models in order to establish a glargine insulin dose-glucose response relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Muntoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, University Boulevard, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Paola Milla
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Corrado Ghè
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bargoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Histopathology Department CIBA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy.
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18
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Møller LLV, Klip A, Sylow L. Rho GTPases-Emerging Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health. Cells 2019; 8:E434. [PMID: 31075957 PMCID: PMC6562660 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are key regulators in a number of cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle traffic. Traditionally, Rho GTPases are studied because of their function in cell migration and cancer, while their roles in metabolism are less documented. However, emerging evidence implicates Rho GTPases as regulators of processes of crucial importance for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the time is now ripe for reviewing Rho GTPases in the context of metabolic health. Rho GTPase-mediated key processes include the release of insulin from pancreatic β cells, glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and muscle mass regulation. Through the current review, we cast light on the important roles of Rho GTPases in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the pancreas and discuss the proposed mechanisms by which Rho GTPases act to regulate glucose metabolism in health and disease. We also describe challenges and goals for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Liliendal Valbjørn Møller
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
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19
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Liu L, Yao L, Wang S, Chen Z, Han T, Ma P, Jiang L, Yuan C, Li J, Ke D, Li C, Yamahara J, Li Y, Wang J. 6‐Gingerol Improves Ectopic Lipid Accumulation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Ageing Rats: Dual Stimulation of the AMPK/PGC‐1α Signaling Pathway via Plasma Adiponectin and Muscular AdipoR1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800649. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Tingli Han
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Peng Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chunlin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | | | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism GroupSydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sydney Australia
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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20
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Zhao H, Song A, Zhang Y, Shu L, Song G, Ma H. Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:94-102. [PMID: 30569644 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have considered the effect of resveratrol on blood lipid levels, and the results of these studies are inconsistent. In this study, the first meta-analysis on the effect of resveratrol on blood lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted. METHODS This study used keywords such as type 2 diabetes, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and resveratrol and their abbreviations, free words, and related words to search PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 13.0 were used for data merging and statistical analysis. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials involving a total of 363 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. The results show that longer resveratrol intervention time (≥6 months) can reduce TG levels. But resveratrol increased total cholesterol in patients within obesity range. In type 2 diabetes patients with obesity and in those who took lipid-lowering drugs, resveratrol increased low-density lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol can improve TG in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - An Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Linyi Shu
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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Early Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Impacts on Hippocampal Plasticity: Implication of Microglia-Derived Exosome-like Extracellular Vesicles. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5075-5094. [PMID: 30474797 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood characterized by puberty and brain maturation involving behavioral changes and environmental vulnerability. Diet is one of the factors affecting brain health, potentially leading to long-lasting effects. Hence, we studied the impact of early exposure (P21-60) to a high-fat diet (HFD) on mouse hippocampus, analyzing inflammation, adult neurogenesis, dendritic spine plasticity, and spatial memory. Glycemia and seric pro-inflammatory IL1β were higher in HFD mice without differences on body weight. In the HFD hippocampus, neuroinflammation was evidenced by Iba1+ cells reactivity together with a higher expression of TNFα and IL1β while the neurogenic capability in the dentate gyrus was strongly reduced. We found a predominance of immature Dil-labeled dendritic spines from CA1 neurons along with diminished levels of the scaffold protein Shank2, suggesting a defective connectivity. Moreover, the HFD group exhibited spatial memory alterations. To elucidate whether microglia could be mediating HFD-associated neuronal changes, the lipotoxic context was emulated by incubating primary microglia with palmitate, a saturated fatty acid present in HFD. Palmitate induced a pro-inflammatory profile as shown by secreted cytokine levels. The isolated exosome fraction from palmitate-stimulated microglia induced an immature dendritic spine phenotype in primary GFP+ hippocampal neurons, in line with the in vivo findings. These results provide novel data concerning microglia to neuron communication and highlight that fat excess during a short and early period of life could negatively impact on cognition and synaptic plasticity in a neuroinflammatory context, where microglia-derived exosomes could be implicated. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Tang W, Tang S, Wang H, Ge Z, Zhu D, Bi Y. Insulin restores UCP3 activity and decreases energy surfeit to alleviate lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:2000-2010. [PMID: 29039450 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An early insulin regimen ameliorates glucotoxicity but also lipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondria in lipid regulation following early insulin administration in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells. Male C57BL/6 mice, fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, were treated with insulin for 3 weeks, and L6 myotubes cultured with palmitate (PA) for 24 h were incubated with insulin for another 12 h. The results showed that insulin facilitated systemic glucose disposal and attenuated muscular triglyceride accumulation in vivo. Recovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, inhibition of sterol-regulated element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase‑1B (CPT1B) expression were observed after insulin administration. Moreover, increased ATP concentration and cellular energy charge elicited by over-nutrition were suppressed by insulin. Despite maintaining respiratory complex activities, insulin restored muscular uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) protein expression in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, knockdown of UCP3 abrogated insulin-induced restoration of AMPK phosphorylation in vitro. Importantly, the PA-induced decrease in UCP3 was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, and insulin reduced UCP3 ubiquitination, thereby prohibiting its degradation. Our findings, focusing on energy balance, provide a mechanistic understanding of the promising effect of early insulin initiation on lipotoxicity. Insulin, by recovering UCP3 activity, alleviated energy surfeit and potentiated AMPK-mediated lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells following exposure to PA and in gastrocnemius of mice fed HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Sunyinyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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