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Ahmed S, Ashraf S, Yasin NA, Sardar R, Al-Ashkar I, Abdelhamid MT, Sabagh AE. Exogenously applied nano-zinc oxide mitigates cadmium stress in Zea mays L. through modulation of physiochemical activities and nutrients homeostasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39066663 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2383657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The increasing levels of cadmium (Cd) pollution in agricultural soil reduces plant growth and yield. This study aims to determine the impact of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the physiochemical activities, nutrition, growth, and yield of Zea mays L. under Cd stress conditions. For this purpose, ZnO-NPs (450 ppm and 600 ppm) synthesized from Syzygium aromaticum were applied through foliar spray to Z. mays and also used as seed priming agents. A significant decline in plant height (35.24%), biomass production (43.86%), mineral content, gas exchange attributes, and yield (37.62%) was observed in Cd-spiked plants compared to the control. While, 450 ppm ZnO-NPs primed seed increased plant height (18.46%), total chlorophyll (80.07%), improved ascorbic acid (25.10%), DPPH activity (26.66%), and soil mineral uptake (Mg+2 (38.86%), K+ (27.83%), and Zn+2 (43.68%) as compared to plants only spiked with Cd. On the contrary, the foliar-applied 450 ppm ZnO-NPs increased plant height (8.22%), total chlorophyll content (73.59%), ascorbic acid (21.39%), and DPPH activity (17.61%) and yield parameters; cob diameter (19.45%), and kernels numbers 6.35% enhanced compared to plants that were spiked only with Cd. The findings of the current study pave the way for safer and more cost-effective crop production in Cd-stressed soils by using green synthesized NPs and provide deep insights into the underlying mechanisms of NPs treatment at the molecular level to provide compelling evidence for the use of NPs in improving plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ashraf
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Amir M, Raheem A, Yadav P, Kumar V, Tewari RK, Jalil SU, Danish M, Ansari MI. Phytofabricated gold nanoparticles as modulators of salt stress responses in spinach: implications for redox homeostasis, biochemical and physiological adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408642. [PMID: 38957605 PMCID: PMC11217327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The utilization of plant material for synthesizing nanoparticles effectively triggers physiological and biochemical responses in plants to combat abiotic stresses. Salt stress, particularly caused by NaCl, significantly affects plant morphology and physiology, leading to reduced crop yields. Understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance is crucial for maintaining crop productivity. Methods In this study, we examined the effects of 150 μM spinach-assisted gold nanoparticles (S-AuNPs) on various parameters related to seed germination, growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal traits, ion concentrations, stress markers, antioxidants, metabolites, and nutritional contents of spinach plants irrigated with 50 mM NaCl. Results Results showed that S-AuNPs enhanced chlorophyll levels, leading to improved light absorption, increased photosynthates production, higher sugar content, and stimulated plant growth under NaCl stress. Stomatal traits were improved, and partially closed stomata were reopened with S-AuNPs treatment, possibly due to K+/Na+ modulation, resulting in enhanced relative water content and stomatal conductance. ABA content decreased under S-AuNPs application, possibly due to K+ ion accumulation. S-AuNPs supplementation increased proline and flavonoid contents while reducing ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation via activation of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. S-AuNPs also regulated the ionic ratio of K+/Na+, leading to decreased Na+ accumulation and increased levels of essential ions in spinach plants under NaCl irrigation. Discussion Overall, these findings suggest that S-AuNPs significantly contribute to salt stress endurance in spinach plants by modulating various physiological attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amir
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Abdul Raheem
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Syed Uzma Jalil
- Amity Institutes of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Danish
- Botany section, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hydrabad, India
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Elkelish A, Alhudhaibi AM, Hossain AS, Haouala F, Alharbi BM, El-Banna MF, Rizk A, Badji A, AlJwaizea NI, Sayed AAS. Alleviating chromium-induced oxidative stress in Vigna radiata through exogenous trehalose application: insights into growth, photosynthetic efficiency, mineral nutrient uptake, and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity enhancement. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:460. [PMID: 38797833 PMCID: PMC11129419 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose serves as a crucial osmolyte and plays a significant role in stress tolerance. The influence of exogenously added trehalose (1 and 5 mM) in alleviating the chromium (Cr; 0.5 mM) stress-induced decline in growth, photosynthesis, mineral uptake, antioxidant system and nitrate reductase activity in Vigna radiata was studied. Chromium (Cr) significantly declined shoot height (39.33%), shoot fresh weight (35.54%), shoot dry weight (36.79%), total chlorophylls (50.70%), carotenoids (29.96%), photosynthesis (33.97%), net intercellular CO2 (26.86%), transpiration rate (36.77%), the content of N (35.04%), P (35.77%), K (31.33%), S (23.91%), Mg (32.74%), and Ca (29.67%). However, the application of trehalose considerably alleviated the decline. Application of trehalose at both concentrations significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, which were increased due to Cr stress. Application of trehalose significantly mitigated the Cr-induced oxidative damage by up-regulating the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (182.03%), catalase (125.40%), ascorbate peroxidase (72.86%), and glutathione reductase (68.39%). Besides this, applied trehalose proved effective in enhancing ascorbate (24.29%) and reducing glutathione content (34.40%). In addition, also alleviated the decline in ascorbate by Cr stress to significant levels. The activity of nitrate reductase enhanced significantly (28.52%) due to trehalose activity and declined due to Cr stress (34.15%). Exogenous application of trehalose significantly improved the content of osmolytes, including proline, glycine betaine, sugars and total phenols under normal and Cr stress conditions. Furthermore, Trehalose significantly increased the content of key mineral elements and alleviated the decline induced by Cr to considerable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elkelish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman M Alhudhaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abm Sharif Hossain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faouzi Haouala
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa F El-Banna
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Rizk
- Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta City, 31527, Egypt
| | - Arfang Badji
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Studies, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
- Makerere University Regional Centre for Crop Improvement, Makerere University, Kampala, 7062, Uganda.
| | - Nada Ibrahim AlJwaizea
- Department of Biology, College of science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A S Sayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
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Saadaoui M, Faize M, Rifai A, Tayeb K, Omri Ben Youssef N, Kharrat M, Roeckel-Drevet P, Chaar H, Venisse JS. Evaluation of Tunisian wheat endophytes as plant growth promoting bacteria and biological control agents against Fusarium culmorum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300791. [PMID: 38758965 PMCID: PMC11101125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) applications have emerged as an ideal substitute for synthetic chemicals by their ability to improve plant nutrition and resistance against pathogens. In this study, we isolated fourteen root endophytes from healthy wheat roots cultivated in Tunisia. The isolates were identified based from their 16S rRNA gene sequences. They belonged to Bacillota and Pseudomonadota taxa. Fourteen strains were tested for their growth-promoting and defense-eliciting potentials on durum wheat under greenhouse conditions, and for their in vitro biocontrol power against Fusarium culmorum, an ascomycete responsible for seedling blight, foot and root rot, and head blight diseases of wheat. We found that all the strains improved shoot and/or root biomass accumulation, with Bacillus mojavensis, Paenibacillus peoriae and Variovorax paradoxus showing the strongest promoting effects. These physiological effects were correlated with the plant growth-promoting traits of the bacterial endophytes, which produced indole-related compounds, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and solubilized phosphate and zinc. Likewise, plant defense accumulations were modulated lastingly and systematically in roots and leaves by all the strains. Testing in vitro antagonism against F. culmorum revealed an inhibition activity exceeding 40% for five strains: Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus peoriae, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoae agglomerans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These strains exhibited significant inhibitory effects on F. culmorum mycelia growth, sporulation, and/or macroconidia germination. P. peoriae performed best, with total inhibition of sporulation and macroconidia germination. These finding highlight the effectiveness of root bacterial endophytes in promoting plant growth and resistance, and in controlling phytopathogens such as F. culmorum. This is the first report identifying 14 bacterial candidates as potential agents for the control of F. culmorum, of which Paenibacillus peoriae and/or its intracellular metabolites have potential for development as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Saadaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, Tunis, Tunisia
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Aicha Rifai
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Koussa Tayeb
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Noura Omri Ben Youssef
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | | | - Hatem Chaar
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
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Qian S, Zhang Q, Li S, Shi R, He X, Zi S, Liu T. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting endophytes facilitates accumulation of saponin under moderate drought stress. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:214-226. [PMID: 38706830 PMCID: PMC11064634 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan, China, usually takes 6-8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it. Methods P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Results Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE (AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis compared to the non-inoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, and K in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis under various water conditions. Under moderate drought stress, AMF + PGPE significantly enhanced the contents of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis saponins I, II, VII, and total saponins as compared to normal water circumstances. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS), Cycloartenol synthase (CAS), and Squalene epoxidase (SE1) were the genes that were significantly up-regulated at the same time. The amount of saponins was favorably linked with the expression of CAS, GPPS, and SE1. Saponin VI content and glycosyl transferase (UGT) 010922 gene expression were found to be substantially associated, as was saponin II content and UGT010935 gene expression. Conclusion Under moderate drought, AMF + PGPE was more conducive to the increase of hormone content, nutrient absorption, and total saponin content in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and AMF + PGPE could up regulate the expression of key genes and UGTs genes in one or more steroidal saponin synthesis pathways to varying degrees, thereby stimulating the synthesis and accumulation of steroidal saponins in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The combination of AMF and PGPE inoculation, as well as adequate soil drought, reduced the buildup of saponins in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and increased its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Qian
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sha Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Honeybee, Honghe 661101, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Hanzouli F, Zemni H, Gargouri M, Boubakri H, Mliki A, Vincenzi S, Daldoul S. Evidence of an active role of resveratrol derivatives in the tolerance of wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) to salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:265-277. [PMID: 38148429 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and its derivatives are the most important phytoalexins with a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms. These compounds can occur either naturally or in response to abiotic stresses. Among them, salinity is one of the major threats to the sustainability and productivity of agro-economically important species, particularly those involved in the vini-viticulture sector. Understating salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants is required for the development of novel engineering tools. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of resveratrol derivatives in salinity tolerance of wild grapevines. Our data revealed that the tolerant Tunisian wild grapevine genotype "Ouchtata" exhibited an increased accumulation of resveratrol derivatives (glycosylated and non-glycosylated resveratrol and t-ɛ-viniferin and hydroxylated t-piceatannol) in both stems and roots, along with an increased total antioxidant activity (TAA) compared to the sensitive genotype "Djebba" under stress conditions, suggesting an involvement of these stilbenes in redox homeostasis, thereby, protecting cells from salt-induced oxidative damage. Overall, our study revealed, for the first time, an active role for resveratrol derivatives in salt stress tolerance in wild grapevine, highlighting their potential use as metabolic markers in future grapevine breeding programs for a sustainable vini-viticulture in salt-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzia Hanzouli
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El-Manar, El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassène Zemni
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Gargouri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Hatem Boubakri
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, B.P 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Vialedell'Università, 16, 35020, Lesagnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Samia Daldoul
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
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Yuce M, Yildirim E, Ekinci M, Turan M, Ilhan E, Aydin M, Agar G, Ucar S. N-acetyl-cysteine mitigates arsenic stress in lettuce: Molecular, biochemical, and physiological perspective. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108390. [PMID: 38373369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural land contaminated with heavy metals such as non-biodegradable arsenic (As) has become a serious global problem as it adversely affects agricultural productivity, food security and human health. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how the administration of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), regulates the physio-biochemical and gene expression level to reduce As toxicity in lettuce. According to our results, different NAC levels (125, 250 and 500 μM) significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and toxicity induced by As stress (20 mg/L). Shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight (33.05%, 55.34%, 17.97% and 46.20%, respectively) were decreased in plants grown in As-contaminated soils compared to lettuce plants grown in soils without the addition of As. However, NAC applications together with As stress increased these growth parameters. While the highest increase in shoot fresh and dry weight (58.31% and 37.85%, respectively) was observed in 250 μM NAC application, the highest increase in root fresh and dry weight (75.97% and 63.07%, respectively) was observed in 125 μM NAC application in plants grown in As-polluted soils. NAC application decreased the amount of ROS, MDA and H2O2 that increased with As stress, and decreased oxidative damage by regulating hormone levels, antioxidant and enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. According to gene expression profiles, LsHIPP28 and LsABC3 genes have shown important roles in reducing As toxicity in leaves. This study will provide insight for future studies on how NAC applications develop resistance to As stress in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yuce
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ertan Yildirim
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Melek Ekinci
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Metin Turan
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Economy and Administrative Sciences, Department of Agricultural Trade and Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Ilhan
- Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Aydin
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Guleray Agar
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Ucar
- Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
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Mallikarjuna MG, Tomar R, Lohithaswa HC, Sahu S, Mishra DC, Rao AR, Chinnusamy V. Genome-wide identification of potassium channels in maize showed evolutionary patterns and variable functional responses to abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108235. [PMID: 38039585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) channels are essential components of plant biology, mediating not only K ion (K+) homeostasis but also regulating several physiological processes and stress tolerance. In the current investigation, we identified 27 K+ channels in maize and deciphered the evolution and divergence pattern with four monocots and five dicot species. Chromosomal localization and expansion of K+ channel genes showed uneven distribution and were independent of genome size. The dispersed duplication is the major force in expanding K+ channels in the target genomes. The mean Ka/Ks ratio of <0.5 in paralogs and orthologs indicates horizontal and vertical expansions of K+ channel genes under strong purifying selection. The one-to-one K+ channel orthologs were prominent among the closely related species, with higher synteny between maize and the rest of the monocots. Comprehensive K+ channels promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements mediating stress tolerance with the predominance of MYB and STRE binding sites. The regulatory network showed AP2-EREBP TFs, miR164 and miR399 are prominent regulatory elements of K+ channels. The qRT-PCR analysis of K+ channels and regulatory miRNAs showed significant expressions in response to drought and waterlogging stresses. The present study expanded the knowledge on K+ channels in maize and will serve as a basis for an in-depth functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakhi Tomar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Sarika Sahu
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Lian H, Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Alleviation of Adverse Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata) by Sulphur and Nitric Oxide Involves Up-Regulation of Antioxidant and Osmolyte Metabolism and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3082. [PMID: 37687329 PMCID: PMC10490269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the alleviatory effect of nitric oxide (50 µM) and sulphur (S, 1 mM K2SO4) were studied in Vigna radiata. Drought stress reduced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and the content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur. The foliar applications of NO and sulphur each individually alleviated the decline, with a greater alleviation observed in seedlings treated with both NO and sulphur. The reduction in intermediates of chlorophyll synthesis pathways and photosynthesis were alleviated by NO and sulphur. Oxidative stress was evident through the increased hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and activity of lipoxygenase and protease which were significantly assuaged by NO, sulphur and NO + sulphur treatments. A reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase was mitigated due to the application of NO and the supplementation of sulphur. The endogenous concentration of NO and hydrogen sulphide (HS) was increased due to PEG; however, the PEG-induced increase in NO and HS was lowered due to NO and sulphur. Furthermore, NO and sulphur treatments to PEG-stressed seedlings further enhanced the functioning of the antioxidant system, osmolytes and secondary metabolite accumulation. Activities of γ-glutamyl kinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were up-regulated due to NO and S treatments. The treatment of NO and S regulated the expression of the Cu/ZnSOD, POD, CAT, RLP, HSP70 and LEA genes significantly under normal and drought stress. The present study advocates for the beneficial use of NO and sulphur in the mitigation of drought-induced alterations in the metabolism of Vigna radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
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Ramzan T, Shahbaz M, Maqsood MF, Zulfiqar U, Saman RU, Lili N, Irshad M, Maqsood S, Haider A, Shahzad B, Gaafar ARZ, Haider FU. Phenylalanine supply alleviates the drought stress in mustard (Brassica campestris) by modulating plant growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107828. [PMID: 37329687 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mustard (Brassica campestris L.) is a major oilseed crop that plays a crucial role in agriculture. Nevertheless, a number of abiotic factors, drought in particular, significantly reduce its production. Phenylalanine (PA) is a significant and efficacious amino acid in alleviating the adverse impacts of abiotic stressors, such as drought. Thus, the current experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of PA application (0 and 100 mg/L) on brassica varieties i.e., Faisal (V1) and Rachna (V2) under drought stress (50% field capacity). Drought stress reduced the shoot length (18 and 17%), root length (12.1 and 12.3%), total chlorophyll contents (47 and 45%), and biological yield (21 and 26%) of both varieties (V1 and V2), respectively. Foliar application of PA helped overcome drought-induced losses and enhanced shoot length (20 and 21%), total chlorophyll contents (46 and 58%), and biological yield (19 and 22%), whereas reducing the oxidative activities of H2O2 (18 and 19%), MDA concentration (21 and 24%), and electrolyte leakage (19 and 21%) in both varieties (V1 and V2). Antioxidant activities, i.e., CAT, SOD, and POD, were further enhanced under PA treatment by 25, 11, and 14% in V1 and 31, 17, and 24% in V2. Overall findings suggest that exogenous PA treatment reduced the drought-induced oxidative damage and improved the yield, and ionic contents of mustard plants grown in pots. It should be emphasized, however, that studies examining the impacts of PA on open-field-grown brassica crops are still in their early stages, thus more work is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahrim Ramzan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Urooj Saman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nian Lili
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Maqsood
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Haider
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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11
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Zhang W, He X, Chen X, Han H, Shen B, Diao M, Liu HY. Exogenous selenium promotes the growth of salt-stressed tomato seedlings by regulating ionic homeostasis, activation energy allocation and CO 2 assimilation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206246. [PMID: 37469781 PMCID: PMC10352764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exogenous selenium (Se) on the ionic equilibrium and micro-domain distribution, state transitions between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), and the photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) seedlings under the influence of salt stress. The application of 0.01 mmol•L-1 exogenous Se had no significant effects on the selective transport capacity of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) from the roots to leaves under salt stress. It, however, significantly hindered the absorption of Na by the root system and leaves, increased the ratios of K/Na, Ca/Na and Mg/Na, and relieved the nonuniformity of micro-domain ionic distribution, thus, mitigating the ionic homeostasis imbalance and ion toxicity induced by salt stress. Additionally, the application of exogenous Se overcame stomatal limitation, regulated the state transitions between PSI and PSII, and enhanced the initial and overall activity of Rubisco as well as the activities of Rubisco activase (RCA) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). It also increased the levels of expression of nine relevant genes in Calvin cycle, which subsequently improved the concentration of photosynthetic substrates, balanced the distribution of activation energy between PSI and PSII, promoted the efficiency of CO2 carboxylation and carbon assimilation, thereby increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato seedling leaves under salt stress. Hence, the supply of exogenous Se can alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on tomato seedling growth by rebuilding ionic homeostasis and promoting photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Bingru Shen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ming Diao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Tian M, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Jiang T, Hu X, Qiu H, Li Z. Aspergillus niger Fermentation Broth Promotes Maize Germination and Alleviates Low Phosphorus Stress. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1737. [PMID: 37512909 PMCID: PMC10384586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a type of soil fungus with the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate and secrete organic metabolites such as citric acid. However, whether cell-free Aspergillus niger fermentation broth (AFB) promotes maize growth and alleviates low-phosphorus stress has not been reported. In this study, we explored their relationship through a hydroponics system. The results indicated that either too low or too high concentrations of AFB may inhibit seed germination potential and germination rate. Under low phosphorus conditions, all physiological indexes (biomass, soluble sugar content, root length, etc.) increased after AFB was applied. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of the EXPB4 and KRP1 genes, which are involved in root development, was upregulated, while the expression of the CAT2 and SOD9 genes, which are keys to the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, was downregulated. The expression of LOX3, a key gene in lipid peroxidation, was down-regulated, consistent with changes in the corresponding enzyme activity. These results indicate that the application of AFB may alleviate the oxidative stress in maize seedlings, reduce the oxidative damage caused by low P stress, and enhance the resistance to low P stress in maize seedlings. In addition, it reveals the potential of A. niger to promote growth and provides new avenues for research on beneficial plant-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxian Tian
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changhui Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongbo Qiu
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Biomass Growth, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Tomato Plants under Drought Stress. J FOOD QUALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/2581608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotically associated with crops. They increase biomass production, nutritional elements, and antioxidant activities in food and vegetable crops grown in soil under stress conditions. The present study focused on the effects of AMF (Acaulospora morrowiae, Paraglomus occultum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus clarus, and Rhizophagus intraradices) on biomass growth and yield, contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) in Unnayan, LT896, and Minto super tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties grown in soil under drought stress (<10% moisture). The results showed that root length and shoot mass in plants treated with R. clarus and P. occultum were significantly higher than those of the control (non-AMF) in Minto super tomato. Compared to the control, the shoot’s dry weight and yield were enhanced by 28% and 20% with AMF-treated tomatoes. The CAT activity in P. occultum-treated plants was statistically higher than that of the control in Unnayan tomatoes. H2O2 content was detected higher in the control than R. clarus-treated LT896 tomatoes. In plants treated with A. morrowiae and R. clarus, APX activity was significantly higher than that of the control in the Unnayan tomatoes. CAT and APX activity increased by 42% and 66% in AMF-treated leaves of tomatoes compared to non-AMF. Treatment with AMF reduced the content of MDA and H2O2 (ROS) in the leaves of tomato plants by 50% and 2% compared to the control, respectively. Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) of tomato fruits increased by 2%, 13%, 24%, and 37% with AMF treatment compared to the control. These results suggested that biomass growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, and mineral contents could be enhanced by AMF in food crops grown under drought stress. It is concluded that AMF might be used for the development of AMF-enriched biofertilizers that will improve the nutritional quality of food crops grown under stress conditions.
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Tariq A, Zeng F, Graciano C, Ullah A, Sadia S, Ahmed Z, Murtaza G, Ismoilov K, Zhang Z. Regulation of Metabolites by Nutrients in Plants. PLANT IONOMICS 2023:1-18. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119803041.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Mubashir A, Nisa ZU, Shah AA, Kiran M, Hussain I, Ali N, Zhang L, Madnay MMY, Alsiary WA, Korany SM, Ashraf M, Al-Mur BA, AbdElgawad H. Effect of foliar application of nano-nutrients solution on growth and biochemical attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1066790. [PMID: 36714778 PMCID: PMC9879269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1066790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drought stress has drastically hampered the growth and yield of many crops. Therefore, environmentally safe agricultural techniques are needed to mitigate drought stress impact. To this end, foliar spray of nano-nutrients solution to (NNS) alleviate harmful aspects of drought stress. METHODS In a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment, seedlings were transplanted into pots at 2-3 leaf stage, each filled with loam-compost- organic manure soil (3:1:1). Plants were divided into two groups. (a) control group (b) applied stress group. Plants at vegetative stage were treated with 100% FC for control group and 60% FC for drought group, and these levels were maintained until harvesting. Three treatments of NNS with four levels i.e., 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% were given to all the pots after two weeks of drought stress treatment with a gap of 5 days at vegetative stage. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Application of 1% of nano-nutrient solution displayed an improvement in shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers. Leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids and total phenolics contents were found maximum while minimum electrolyte leakage was observed at 3% application compared to control. Further, 1% application of NNS increased the Leaf RWC%, total soluble sugars, flavonoids contents. 5% NNS application exhibited higher total free amino acids with minimum lipid peroxidation rate in leaves of tomato under drought. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in a concentration dependent manner as gradual increase was observed at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. Overall, this study introduced a new insights on using nano-nutrient solutions to maintain natural resources and ensure agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areesha Mubashir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaib-un- Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Kiran
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqtidar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Naila Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, North West Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Y. Madnay
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Waleed A. Alsiary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bandar A. Al-Mur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ghani MI, Ali A, Atif MJ, Ali M, Ahanger MA, Chen X, Cheng Z. Different leafy vegetable cropping systems regulate growth, photosynthesis, and PSII functioning in mono-cropped eggplant by altering chemical properties and upregulating the antioxidant system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132861. [PMID: 37143885 PMCID: PMC10151761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping of eggplant threatened regional ecological sustainability by facilitating replanting problems under mono-cropping conditions. Therefore, alternative agronomic and management practices are required to improve crop productivity at low environmental cost for the development of sustainable agricultural systems in different regions. This study examined changes in soil chemical properties, eggplant photosynthesis, and antioxidant functioning in five different vegetable cropping systems over a 2-year period., 2017 and 2018. The results showed that welsh onion-eggplant (WOE), celery-eggplant (CE), non-heading Chinese cabbage-eggplant (NCCE), and leafy lettuce-eggplant (LLE) rotation systems significantly impacted growth, biomass accumulation, and yield than fallow-eggplant (FE). In addition, various leafy vegetable cropping systems, WOE, CE, NCCE, and LLT induced significant increases in soil organic matter (SOM), available nutrients (N, P, and K), and eggplant growth by affecting the photosynthesis and related gas exchange parameters with much evident effect due to CE and NCCE. Moreover, eggplant raised with different leafy vegetable rotation systems showed higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and hence reduced oxidative damage to membranes. In addition, fresh and dry plant biomass was significantly increased due to crop rotation with leafy vegetables. Therefore, we concluded that leafy vegetable crop rotation is a beneficial management practice to improve the growth and yield of eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
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Amin B, Atif MJ, Meng H, Ghani MI, Ali M, Wang X, Ding Y, Li X, Cheng Z. Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Cucumis sativus Cultivars to Different Combinations of Low-Temperature and High Humidity. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2023; 42:390-406. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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18
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Sheng Q, Zhou C, Liang Y, Zhang H, Song M, Zhu Z. Elevated NO 2 induces leaf defensive mechanisms in Bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114292. [PMID: 36399992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With a growing economy, the living standard of people has improved which has led to increased use of urban motor vehicles globally. Consequently, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has increased in the ambient air, becoming a major pollutant in urban areas. Plant leaves can absorb, adsorb and fix nitrogen oxides to some extent. Interestingly, NO2 has been recognized as a positive/negative regulator of plant growth. To comprehensively understand the effect of NO2-induced pollution on plants, Bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings were fumigated with different concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for a short period in the current study. Further, the induced morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes were measured in the treated as well as untreated seedlings. NO2 exposure caused yellow-brown spotting on the leaf blades in B. spectabilis, which could be the symptoms of oxidative damage. Our findings also reflected the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and peroxidation of membrane lipids. In addition, the levels of osmotic regulatory substances were also found to be altered to different degrees. In addition, the activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes varied, mainly affecting amino acid metabolism. Overall, the current study would provide a theoretical and scientific basis for selecting and allocating plants in NO2-contaminated areas to manage the pollutants level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuliang Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Wang B, Shen Q, Han C, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Liu C, Zhang L, Ren J. New insights into the growth response of the macrophyte Vallisneria natans exposed to phosphite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158189. [PMID: 35995166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Renewed interest in phosphite, an analog of phosphate, has increased due to its widespread distribution and increasing abundance in many waterbodies. However, up until recently very little is known about their ecological effects on aquatic organisms. Herein we studied the effects of phosphite via root and foliar exposure on the growth responses of the dominant pioneer macrophyte V. natans. Overall, both exposures of phosphite to V. natans resulted in significant reductions in the leaf length, root length, relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthetic pigments, suggesting phosphite had an inhibitory effect on the plant growth. Our results further confirmed phosphite could induce the oxidative stresses in the V. natans cells, as indicated by the significantly increased intracellular enzyme activities i.e. superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Microscopic evidence also showed phosphite penetrated the cell membrane and destroyed membrane integrity under high phosphite stress. Besides, V. natans leaves exhibited intuitive deterioration symptoms, which seemed to be more sensitive to phosphite toxicity than roots. It is concluded that the increased abundance of phosphite in waterbodies cannot be utilized as a bioavailable P source but impose adverse physiological and metabolic limitations to plant growth, which should be receive more attention in the ecological risk assessment. Our result is necessary to build a comprehensive understanding of phosphite biogeochemical behaviors in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiushi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaode Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
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Anil Kumar S, Kaniganti S, Hima Kumari P, Sudhakar Reddy P, Suravajhala P, P S, Kishor PBK. Functional and biotechnological cues of potassium homeostasis for stress tolerance and plant development. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-44. [PMID: 36469501 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2143317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is indispensable for the regulation of a plethora of functions like plant metabolism, growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. K+ is associated with protein synthesis and entangled in the activation of scores of enzymes, stomatal regulation, and photosynthesis. It has multiple transporters and channels that assist in the uptake, efflux, transport within the cell as well as from soil to different tissues, and the grain filling sites. While it is implicated in ion homeostasis during salt stress, it acts as a modulator of stomatal movements during water deficit conditions. K+ is reported to abate the effects of chilling and photooxidative stresses. K+ has been found to ameliorate effectively the co-occurrence of drought and high-temperature stresses. Nutrient deficiency of K+ makes leaves necrotic, leads to diminished photosynthesis, and decreased assimilate utilization highlighting the role it plays in photosynthesis. Notably, K+ is associated with the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when plants are exposed to diverse abiotic stress conditions. It is irrefutable now that K+ reduces the activity of NADPH oxidases and at the same time maintains electron transport activity, which helps in mitigating the oxidative stress. K+ as a macronutrient in plant growth, the role of K+ during abiotic stress and the protein phosphatases involved in K+ transport have been reviewed. This review presents a holistic view of the biological functions of K+, its uptake, translocation, signaling, and the critical roles it plays under abiotic stress conditions, plant growth, and development that are being unraveled in recent times.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sirisha Kaniganti
- Crop transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - P Sudhakar Reddy
- Crop transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Suprasanna P
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Bhatan, Mumbai, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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21
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Ray I, Mridha D, Sarkar J, Joardar M, Das A, Chowdhury NR, De A, Acharya K, Roychowdhury T. Application of potassium humate to reduce arsenic bioavailability and toxicity in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) during its course of germination and seedling growth. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120066. [PMID: 36067973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a metalloid is a class I carcinogen and is a major problem in various parts of the world. Food crops are severely affected due to As poisoning and suffer from low germination, yield and disfiguration of morphological and anatomical traits. To attenuate such adverse effects and tone down As uptake by plants, the present study attempts to explore the role of K-humate (KH) in alleviation of As toxicity in rice. KH was administered in the growth media containing 800 ppb As (III) at varying doses to observe the stress alleviating capacity of the amendment. Five treatments were investigated, viz: (a) 800 ppb As (control), (b) 800 ppb As + 25 ppm KH, (c) 800 ppb As + 50 ppm KH, (d) 800 ppb As + 75 ppm KH and (e) 800 ppb As + 100 ppm KH. The results of the amendment administration were noted at 14 days after seeding (DAS). Application of KH significantly improved germination percentage, vigour indices and chlorophyll content by reducing the oxidative stress, antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities under As stress. In vivo detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCF-2DA fluorescent dye and scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of root further depicted that KH application effectively reduced ROS formation and improved root anatomical structure under As stress, respectively. Gradually increasing concentrations of KH was capable of decreasing the bioavailability of As to the rice plants, thus minimizing toxic effect of the metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iravati Ray
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Deepanjan Mridha
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Ayan De
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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22
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Proteomic Analysis of Roots Response to Potassium Deficiency and the Effect of TaHAK1-4A on K+ Uptake in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113504. [PMID: 36362290 PMCID: PMC9659051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is essential for plant growth and stress responses. A deficiency in soil K+ contents can result in decreased wheat quality and productivity. Thus, clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying wheat responses to low-K+ (LK) stress is critical. In this study, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in roots of the LK-tolerant wheat cultivar “KN9204” at the seedling stage after exposure to LK stress. A total of 104 DAPs were identified in the LK-treated roots. The DAPs related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, transport, stress responses and defense, and post-translational modifications under LK conditions were highlighted. We identified a high-affinity potassium transporter (TaHAK1-4A) that was significantly up-regulated after the LK treatment. Additionally, TaHAK1-4A was mainly expressed in roots, and the encoded protein was localized in the plasma membrane. The complementation assay in yeast suggested that TaHAK1-4A mediates K+ uptake under extreme LK conditions. The overexpression of TaHAK1-4A increased the fresh weight and root length of Arabidopsis under LK conditions and improved the growth of Arabidopsis athak5 mutant seedlings, which grow poorly under LK conditions. Moreover, silencing of TaHAK1-4A in wheat roots treated with LK stress decreased the root length, dry weight, K+ concentration, and K+ influx. Accordingly, TaHAK1-4A is important for the uptake of K+ by roots exposed to LK stress. Our results reveal the protein metabolic changes in wheat induced by LK stress. Furthermore, we identified a candidate gene potentially relevant for developing wheat lines with increased K+ use efficiency.
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23
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El-Badri AM, Batool M, Mohamed IAA, Wang Z, Wang C, Tabl KM, Khatab A, Kuai J, Wang J, Wang B, Zhou G. Mitigation of the salinity stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity by exogenous applications of bio-selenium nanoparticles during the early seedling stage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119815. [PMID: 35926737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, much attention has been directed toward using nanoparticles (NPs) as one of the most effective strategies to improve plant growth, especially under salt stress conditions. Further research has been conducted to develop NPs using various chemical ways; accordingly, knowledge about the beneficial effect of bioSeNPs in rapeseed is obscure. Selenium (Se) is a vital micronutrient with a series of physiological and antioxidative properties. Seed priming is emerging as a low-cost, efficient, and environment-friendly seed treatment in nanotechnology. The current study was carried out to examine the promising effects of nanopriming via bioSeNPs on the expression level of aquaporin genes, seed microstructure, seed germination, growth traits, physiochemical attributes, and minerals uptake of two rapeseed cultivars under salinity stress conditions. Our investigation monitored the positive effects of bioSeNPs on the expression level of aquaporin genes (BnPIP1-1 and BnPIP2-1) and water uptake during the seed imbibition (4 and 8 h of priming), which indicated higher imbibition potential and germination promotion with bioSeNPs application (most effective at 150 μmol/L). The total performance index was significantly enhanced with nano-treatments in rapeseed seedlings. Collectively, nano-application improved seed microstructure, seed germination, and photosynthetic efficiency directly correlated with higher seedlings biomass, especially with a higher concentration of bioSeNPs. The enhancement in α-amylase and free amino acid contents in nanoprimed seeds resulted in rapid seed germination. Moreover, bioSeNPs increased the osmotic adjustment and enhanced the efficiency of the plant's defense system by improving the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, thus enhancing ROS scavenging under salt stress. The obtained results may indicate the strengthening of seed vigor, improving seedling growth and physiochemical attributes via bioSeNPs. Our findings displayed that bioSeNPs modulated the Na+ and K+ uptake, which improved the rapeseed growth and showed a close relationship with the low contents of toxic Na+ ion; thus, it prevented oxidative damage due to salt stress. This comprehensive data can add more knowledge to understand the mechanisms behind plant-bioSeNPs interaction and provide physiological evidence for the beneficial roles of nanopriming using bioSeNPs on rapeseed germination and seedling development under salinity stress conditions. Such studies can be used to develop simple prepackaged nano primer products, which can be used before sowing to boost seed germination and crop productivity under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoud El-Badri
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Maria Batool
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ibrahim A A Mohamed
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Zongkai Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyun Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Karim M Tabl
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, 21531, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khatab
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Irshad A, Rehman RNU, Dubey S, Khan MA, Yang P, Hu T. Rhizobium inoculation and exogenous melatonin synergistically increased thermotolerance by improving antioxidant defense, photosynthetic efficiency, and nitro-oxidative homeostasis in Medicago truncatula. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.945695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming negatively affects plant growth due to the detrimental effects of high temperature-induced heat stress. Rhizobium inoculation (RI) and exogenous melatonin (MT) have shown a positive role in resisting abiotic stress. However, their synergistic effect on avoiding heat-induced damages in Medicago truncatula has not been studied yet. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of these amendments (RI and MT) to ameliorate the heat damages in Medicago truncatula. The study was comprised of two factors: (1) heat-induced stress: (i) optimum temperature (26 ± 1°C): (23 ± 1°C) (day: night), (ii) moderate heat (35 ± 1°C): (28 ± 1°C), and (iii) severe heat (41 ± 1°C): (35 ± 1°C) for 72 h, and (2) amendments: (i) no RI + no MT (NRI + NMT), (ii) Rhizobium inoculation (RI), (iii) 60 μM melatonin (MT), and (iii) RI + MT. Results showed that the combined application of RI and MT was better than their individual applications, as it prevented heat-induced membrane damages by declining the hydrogen peroxide (34.22% and 29.78%), superoxide anion radical (29.49% and 26.71%), malondialdehyde contents (26.43% and 21.96%), and lipoxygenase activity (44.75% and 25.51%) at both heat stress levels as compared to NRI + NMT. Moreover, RI + MT treated plants showed higher antioxidative and methylglyoxal detoxification enzymes (Gly I and Gly II) activities under heat stress. While, NRI + NMT treated plants showed a higher level of methylglyoxal contents (47.99% and 46.71%) under both levels of heat stress. Relative to NRI + NMT plants, RI + MT pretreated plants exhibited improved heat tolerance as indicated by higher chlorophyll (37.42% and 43.52%), carotenoid contents (32.41% and 47.08%), and photosynthetic rate (42.62% and 64.63%), under moderate and severe heat stress, respectively. Furthermore, RI + MT pretreated plants had considerably higher indole-3 acetic acid and abscisic acid concentrations under moderate (54.02% and 53.92%) and severe (68.36% and 64.61%) heat stress conditions. Similarly, plant dry biomass, NPK uptake, nitric oxide, and nitrate reductase activity were high in RI + MT treated plants, under both levels of stress. Therefore, this study advocates the positive synergistic effect of RI and MT pretreatment against moderate and severe heat-induced stress and for possible maintenance of plant growth under changing scenarios of global warming.
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25
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Che Y, Yao T, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang H, Sun G, Zhang H. Potassium ion regulates hormone, Ca 2+ and H 2O 2 signal transduction and antioxidant activities to improve salt stress resistance in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:40-51. [PMID: 35803090 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although improvement of plant salt tolerance by potassium ions (K+) has been widely studied, whether the tolerance is mediated via hormone signaling or antioxidant systems remains to be explored. This study combined plant physiology with transcriptomic techniques to study how K+ interacts with hormones and antioxidant enzymes to improve plant salt tolerance. Tobacco was used as the test material to study the effects of exogenous potassium application on photosynthetic function, hormone signal transduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under NaCl stress. The study also evaluated the function of the Ca2+ signaling pathway in salt stress tolerance. Transcriptome data showed that 4413 up-regulated genes and 3743 down-regulated genes were found in tobacco leaves treated with NaCl compared with the control. Compared with NaCl, the down-regulated genes in tobacco leaves were significantly reduced under NaCl + KCL treatment. The results showed that NaCl stress caused oxidative damage to tobacco leaves due to increased superoxide anion (O2-) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) dismutates superoxide anion to produce hydrogen peroxide and the accumulation of H2O2 caused by reduced ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) activities. NaCl stress also increased abscisic acid (ABA) content in tobacco leaves, resulting in stomatal closure and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Transcriptome data showed that 5 SOD, 1 POD, 1 CAT, 5 APX, and 3 GPX genes were significantly down-regulated by the NaCl treatment. Contrarily, NaCl + KCl treatment reduced the accumulation of O2-and SOD activity but increased POD activity, thereby reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and alleviating oxidative damage. The expression of 2 SOD and 3 APX and 2 GPX genes was significantly higher in NaCl + KCl treatment than that in NaCl treatment. Sufficient K+ also increased indole acetic acid (IAA) levels in tobacco leaves under NaCl stress but reduced ABA content, promoting stomatal opening and improving the photosynthetic capacity. In conclusion, K+ can improve plant salt tolerance by alleviating oxidative damage and regulating hormone signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Che
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tongtong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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26
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Shah AA, Yasin NA, Mudassir M, Ramzan M, Hussain I, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM, Shabbir Z, Ali A, Ahmed S, Kumar R. Iron oxide nanoparticles and selenium supplementation improve growth and photosynthesis by modulating antioxidant system and gene expression of chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) in arsenic-stressed Cucumis melo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119413. [PMID: 35525515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current research reveals the positive role of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and selenium (Se) in extenuation of arsenic (As) induced toxicity in Cucumis melo. C. melo plants grown in As spiked soil (20 mg kg-1 As) showed reduced growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity and transpiration. On the other hand, the alone applications of IONPs or Se improved growth and physiochemical parameters of C. melo plants. Additionally, exogenous application IONPs and Se synergistically improved the activity of antioxidative enzymes and glyoxalase system in C. melo plants. In addition, the collective treatment of IONPs and Se reduced As uptake, enhanced rate of photosynthesis and increased gas exchange attributes of C. melo plants under As stress. Interactive effect of IONPs and Se regulated reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ascorbate (AsA) content in C. melo plants exposed to As-contaminated Soil. IONPs and Se treatment also regulated expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologue D (RBOHD) gene, chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Therefore, the combined treatment of IONPs and Se may enhance the growth of crop plants by alleviating As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Gardens, RO-II office, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Musarrat Ramzan
- Department of Botany, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Iqtidar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zunera Shabbir
- Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, USA
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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27
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Kumari VV, Banerjee P, Verma VC, Sukumaran S, Chandran MAS, Gopinath KA, Venkatesh G, Yadav SK, Singh VK, Awasthi NK. Plant Nutrition: An Effective Way to Alleviate Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158519. [PMID: 35955651 PMCID: PMC9368943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By the year 2050, the world’s population is predicted to have grown to around 9–10 billion people. The food demand in many countries continues to increase with population growth. Various abiotic stresses such as temperature, soil salinity and moisture all have an impact on plant growth and development at all levels of plant growth, including the overall plant, tissue cell, and even sub-cellular level. These abiotic stresses directly harm plants by causing protein denaturation and aggregation as well as increased fluidity of membrane lipids. In addition to direct effects, indirect damage also includes protein synthesis inhibition, protein breakdown, and membranous loss in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Abiotic stress during the reproductive stage results in flower drop, pollen sterility, pollen tube deformation, ovule abortion, and reduced yield. Plant nutrition is one of the most effective ways of reducing abiotic stress in agricultural crops. In this paper, we have discussed the effectiveness of different nutrients for alleviating abiotic stress. The roles of primary nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium and sulphur), micronutrients (zinc, boron, iron and copper), and beneficial nutrients (cobalt, selenium and silicon) in alleviating abiotic stress in crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan Visha Kumari
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Purabi Banerjee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyala, Mohanpur 741251, India;
| | - Vivek Chandra Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India;
| | - Suvana Sukumaran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Kodigal A. Gopinath
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.G.); (V.K.S.)
| | - Govindarajan Venkatesh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sushil Kumar Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Vinod Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.G.); (V.K.S.)
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28
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Kareem HA, Hassan MU, Zain M, Irshad A, Shakoor N, Saleem S, Niu J, Skalicky M, Chen Z, Guo Z, Wang Q. Nanosized zinc oxide (n-ZnO) particles pretreatment to alfalfa seedlings alleviate heat-induced morpho-physiological and ultrastructural damages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119069. [PMID: 35276246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global efforts are in rapid progress to tackle the emerging conundrum of climate change-induced heat stress in grassland ecosystems. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (n-ZnO) are known to play a crucial role in plants' abiotic stress regulation, but its response in alfalfa against heat stress has not been explored. This study aimed at assessing the effects of n-ZnO on alfalfa under heat stress by various morpho-physiological and cellular approaches. Five-week-old alfalfa seedlings were subjected to foliar application of n-ZnO as a pretreatment before the onset of heat stress (BHS) to evaluate its effect on heat tolerance, and as a post-treatment after heat stress (AHS) to evaluate recovery efficiency. In vitro studies on Zn release from n-ZnO by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) disclosed that the particle uptake and Zn release were concentration dependent. The uptake and translocation of n-ZnO examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveling showed that n-ZnO was primarily localized in the vacuoles and chloroplasts. TEM images showed that ultrastructural modifications to chloroplast, mitochondria, and cell wall were reversible by highest dose of n-ZnO applied before heat stress, and damages to these organelles were not recoverable when n-ZnO was applied after heat stress. The results further enlightened that 90 mg L-1 n-ZnO better prevented the heat stress-mediated membrane damage, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidant systems and enhancing osmolyte contents in both BHS and AHS. Although, application of 90 mg L-1 n-ZnO in BHS was more effective in averting heat-induced damages and maintaining better plant growth and morpho-physiological attributes compared to AHS. Conclusively, foliar application of n-ZnO can be encouraged as an effective strategy to protect alfalfa from heat stress damages while minimizing the risk of nanoparticle transmission to environmental compartments, which could happen with soil application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Kareem
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Annie Irshad
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sana Saleem
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junpeng Niu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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El-Badri AM, Hashem AM, Batool M, Sherif A, Nishawy E, Ayaad M, Hassan HM, Elrewainy IM, Wang J, Kuai J, Wang B, Zheng S, Zhou G. Comparative efficacy of bio-selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on morpho-physiochemical attributes under normal and salt stress conditions, besides selenium detoxification pathways in Brassica napus L. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:163. [PMID: 35351148 PMCID: PMC8962572 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted considerable attention globally due to their significant potential for alleviating abiotic stresses in plants. Accordingly, further research has been conducted to develop nanoparticles using chemical ways. However, our knowledge about the potential benefit or phytotoxicity of bioSeNPs in rapeseed is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect of bioSeNPs on growth and physiochemical attributes, and selenium detoxification pathways compared to sodium selenite (Se (IV)) during the early seedling stage under normal and salt stress conditions. Our findings showed that the range between optimal and toxic levels of bioSeNPs was wider than Se (IV), which increased the plant’s ability to reduce salinity-induced oxidative stress. BioSeNPs improved the phenotypic characteristics of rapeseed seedlings without the sign of toxicity, markedly elevated germination, growth, photosynthetic efficiency and osmolyte accumulation versus Se (IV) under normal and salt stress conditions. In addition to modulation of Na+ and K+ uptake, bioSeNPs minimized the ROS level and MDA content by activating the antioxidant enzymes engaged in ROS detoxification by regulating these enzyme-related genes expression patterns. Importantly, the main effect of bioSeNPs and Se (IV) on plant growth appeared to be correlated with the change in the expression levels of Se-related genes. Our qRT-PCR results revealed that the genes involved in Se detoxification in root tissue were upregulated upon Se (IV) treated seedlings compared to NPs, indicating that bioSeNPs have a slightly toxic effect under higher concentrations. Furthermore, bioSeNPs might improve lateral root production by increasing the expression level of LBD16. Taken together, transamination and selenation were more functional methods of Se detoxification and proposed different degradation pathways that synthesized malformed or deformed selenoproteins, which provided essential mechanisms to increase Se tolerance at higher concentrations in rapeseed seedlings. Current findings could add more knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying bioSeNPs induced plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoud El-Badri
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hashem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Maria Batool
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Sherif
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- Desert Research Center, Genetics Resource Department, Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, Cairo, 11735, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ayaad
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abo Zaabal, Cairo, 13795, Egypt
| | - Hamada M Hassan
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Elrewainy
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Jing Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Fiorilli V, Maghrebi M, Novero M, Votta C, Mazzarella T, Buffoni B, Astolfi S, Vigani G. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Differentially Affects the Nutritional Status of Two Durum Wheat Genotypes under Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060804. [PMID: 35336686 PMCID: PMC8954065 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the most important agricultural crops, currently providing 18% of the daily intake of calories and 20% of daily protein intake for humans. However, being wheat that is cultivated in arid and semiarid areas, its productivity is threatened by drought stress, which is being exacerbated by climate change. Therefore, the identification of drought tolerant wheat genotypes is critical for increasing grain yield and also improving the capability of crops to uptake and assimilate nutrients, which are seriously affected by drought. This work aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth under normal and limited water availability in two durum wheat genotypes (Svevo and Etrusco). Furthermore, we investigated how the plant nutritional status responds to drought stress. We found that the response of Svevo and Etrusco to drought stress was differentially affected by AMF. Interestingly, we revealed that AMF positively affected sulfur homeostasis under drought conditions, mainly in the Svevo cultivar. The results provide a valuable indication that the identification of drought tolerant plants cannot ignore their nutrient use efficiency or the impact of other biotic soil components (i.e., AMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Moez Maghrebi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Cristina Votta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Teresa Mazzarella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Buffoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (C.V.); (T.M.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116706360
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Endophytic Fungi Activate Leaf Antioxidant Defense System of Lane Late Navel Orange. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030282. [PMID: 35330284 PMCID: PMC8954850 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and endophytic fungi collectively symbiose well with plants and, thus, stimulate plant growth; however, it is not clear whether field inoculation of the fungi enhances the resistance potential of plants, particularly in citrus. In the present study, we inoculated AM fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, and D. versiformis) and endophytic fungi (Piriformospora indica) on an eight-year-old lane late navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb) trees grafted on Poncirus trifoliata in a field, and we analyzed the response of the leaf antioxidant defense system. Approximately 2 years after inoculation, the root fungal colonization rate and soil hyphal length significantly increased. Fungal inoculation significantly increased the activity of leaf antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as reduced ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. As a result, fungi-inoculated plants maintained lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals and lower levels of membrane lipid peroxidation (according to malondialdehyde level) in leaves than uninoculated plants. Among them, inoculation of D. spurca and A. scrobiculata showed relatively higher effects in enhancing the antioxidant defense system than the other fungi. Furthermore, inoculation of D. spurca induced expressions of CsFe-SOD, CsMn-SOD, CsPOD, CsCAT1, and CsPRR7; inoculation of A. scrobiculata and D. versiformis induced expressions of CsCAT1; CsCAT1 and CsPOD were also induced by inoculation of P. indica. All four inoculations almost upregulated expressions of CsFAD6. AM fungi had superior effects than endophytic fungi (e.g., P. indica). According to our findings, inoculation with beneficial fungi, specifically mycorrhizal fungus D. spurca, activated the antioxidant defense system of field citrus trees, thus, having potentially superior resistance in inoculated plants.
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Ha MC, Im DY, Park HS, Dhungana SK, Kim ID, Shin DH. Seed Treatment with Illite Enhanced Yield and Nutritional Value of Soybean Sprouts. Molecules 2022; 27:1152. [PMID: 35208942 PMCID: PMC8875372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean sprouts, a nutritional food product, can contribute to food security because they can be grown within a week and do not require sophisticated technology. The yield and quality of soybean sprouts are influenced by various factors, including seed priming and growing conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seed soaking in different concentrations of illite, a clay mineral, on the yield and quality of soybean sprouts. Soybean seeds soaked in five concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%, w/v) of illite or tap water for 8 h were named IP-0.5, IP-1, IP3, IP-5, IP-10, and control, respectively. The highest sprout yield was found in IP-3, followed by IP-1, and IP-5, which had 11.1%, 8.8%, and 7.4% increments, respectively, compared to the control. The content of vitamin C, mineral element, isoflavone, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid was higher in many of the illite-treated soybean sprouts than in the control. The overall results indicated that pre-soaking soybean seeds in lower concentrations (0.5-3%, w/v) of illite could be helpful to enhance the yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts in an easy and inexpensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chul Ha
- AOS Co. Ltd., Yongsan-myeon, Yeongdong-gun 29108, Korea; (M.-C.H.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Dong-Young Im
- Yeongdong County Office, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun 29140, Korea;
| | - Hung-Soo Park
- AOS Co. Ltd., Yongsan-myeon, Yeongdong-gun 29108, Korea; (M.-C.H.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea;
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- International Institute of Research & Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyun Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Johnson R, Vishwakarma K, Hossen MS, Kumar V, Shackira AM, Puthur JT, Abdi G, Sarraf M, Hasanuzzaman M. Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:56-69. [PMID: 35032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential element for the growth and development of plants; however, its scarcity or excessive level leads to distortion of numerous functions in plants. It takes part in the control of various significant functions in plant advancement. Because of the importance index, K is regarded second after nitrogen for whole plant growth. Approximately, higher than 60 enzymes are reliant on K for activation within the plant system, in which K plays a vital function as a regulator. Potassium provides assistance in plants against abiotic stress conditions in the environment. With this background, the present paper reviews the physiological functions of K in plants like stomatal regulation, photosynthesis and water uptake. The article also focuses upon the uptake and transport mechanisms of K along with its role in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and in conferring tolerance to plants against abiotic stresses. It also highlights the research progress made in the direction of K mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Johnson
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | | | - Md Shahadat Hossen
- Independent Researcher, C/O: Prof. Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, 182144, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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Wahid I, Rani P, Kumari S, Ahmad R, Hussain SJ, Alamri S, Tripathy N, Khan MIR. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles maintained nitrogen metabolism, nitric oxide synthesis, ions balance, and stabilizes the defense systems to improve salt stress tolerance in wheat. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132142. [PMID: 34826894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is competent in inducing physiological responses in plants for combating the abiotic stresses. Considering this, salt stress is one of the most alarming conditions that exerts complex and polygenic impacts on morph-physiological functioning of plants; resulting in reduced crop productivity and yield. Therefore, understanding the salt responses and tolerance mechanisms are important for sustaining crop productivity. In the current study, we have examined the effects of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants under salt stress. Green-synthesized AuNPs were found beneficial in modulating the K+/Na+ ratio, chlorophyll concentration, defense systems, nitrogen assimilation, stomatal dynamics and growth traits under salt stress condition. Furthermore, the excessive accumulation of oxidative stress markers including reactive oxygen/nitrogen species was controlled in response of AuNPs treatment under salt stress. Overall, modulation of these traits commanded to induce salt stress tolerance in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Wahid
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pratibha Rani
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sofi J Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Kokernag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nirmalya Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
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Ramzan M, Ayub F, Shah AA, Naz G, Shah AN, Malik A, Sardar R, Telesiński A, Kalaji HM, Dessoky ES, Elgawad HA. Synergistic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Linum usitatissimum: Antioxidants and Physiochemical Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900347. [PMID: 35982701 PMCID: PMC9380429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic metals, which significantly reduce the growth of plants even at a low concentration. Cd interacts with various plant mechanisms at the physiological and antioxidant levels, resulting in decreased plant growth. This research was conducted to exploit the potential of synergistic application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mitigation of Cd stress in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) plants. The main aim of this study was to exploit the role of M. oleifera leaf extract and ZnO NPs on Cd-exposed linseed plants. Cd concentrations in the root and shoot of linseed plants decreased after administration of MZnO NPs. Growth parameters of plants, antioxidant system, and physiochemical parameters decreased as the external Cd level increased. The administration of MZnO NPs to the Cd-stressed linseed plant resulted in a significant increase in growth and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited a considerable increase in the activity when MZnO NPs were applied to Cd-stressed seedlings. The introduction of MZnO NPs lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the linseed plant grown in Cd-toxic conditions. The NPs decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) in Cd-stressed linseed leaves and roots. It was concluded that synergistic application of ZnO NPs and M. oleifera leaf extract alleviated Cd stress in linseed plants through enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is proposed that role of MZnO NPs may be evaluated for mitigation of numerous abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Ramzan
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Musarrat Ramzan
| | - Fazila Ayub
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
- Anis Ali Shah
| | - Gul Naz
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Gul Naz
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan
- Adnan Noor Shah
| | - Aqsa Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | | | - Hamada Abd Elgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Tavakol E, Jákli B, Cakmak I, Dittert K, Senbayram M. Optimization of Potassium Supply under Osmotic Stress Mitigates Oxidative Damage in Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010055. [PMID: 35009058 PMCID: PMC8747552 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in plants, playing an important role in osmoregulation. Little is known about the effect of genotypic variation in the tolerance to osmotic stress under different K treatments in barley. In this study, we measured the interactive effects of osmotic stress and K supply on growth and stress responses of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with enzymatic antioxidant activity and their respective gene expression level. The selected cultivars (cv. Milford and cv. Sahin-91Sahin-91) were exposed to osmotic stress (-0.7 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) under low (0.04 mM) and adequate (0.8 mM) K levels in the nutrient solution. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for levels of K, ROS, kinetic activity of antioxidants enzymes and expression levels of respective genes during the stress period. The results showed that optimal K supply under osmotic stress significantly decreases ROS production and adjusts antioxidant activity, leading to the reduction of oxidative stress in the studied plants. The cultivar Milford had a lower ROS level and a better tolerance to stress compared to the cultivar Sahin-91. We conclude that optimized K supply is of great importance in mitigating ROS-related damage induced by osmotic stress, specifically in drought-sensitive barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershad Tavakol
- K+S Minerals and Agriculture GmbH, Bertha-von-Suttner Str. 7, 34041 Kassel, Germany
| | - Bálint Jákli
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Turkey;
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany;
| | - Mehmet Senbayram
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, University of Harran, Osmanbey, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey;
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Zeeshan M, Hu YX, Iqbal A, Salam A, Liu YX, Muhammad I, Ahmad S, Khan AH, Hale B, Wu HY, Zhou XB. Amelioration of AsV toxicity by concurrent application of ZnO-NPs and Se-NPs is associated with differential regulation of photosynthetic indexes, antioxidant pool and osmolytes content in soybean seedling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112738. [PMID: 34481352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a significant food safety and environmental concern due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on living organism. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is a global staple crop grown intensively in arsenic-contaminated regions of the world (e.g., Southern Province of China). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Se-NPs and/or ZnO-NPs could be used as an eco-friendly and efficient amendment to reduce arsenic uptake and toxicity in soybean. Ten-days-old seedling, grown in vermiculite, were transferred to hydroponic media and further grown till V2 growth stage appeared. AsV (25 μM Na2HAsO4) stressed plants were treated with ZnONP (25 μM ZnO) and SeNP (25 μM Se) separately and in combination, which were grown for another 10 d. The result demonstrated that arsenic-treated soybean plants displayed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, increased proline and glycine betaine accumulation in tissues, and altered antioxidant activity compared to an untreated control. The application of zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles, both independently and in tandem, reduced arsenic stress in root and shoot tissues and rescued plant health. This was reflected through increased levels of reduced glutathione content, ascorbic acid, and various photosynthesis- and antioxidant-relevant enzymes. In addition, nanoparticle-treated soybean plants displayed higher expression of defense- and detoxification-related genes compared to controls. Cellular toxicants (i.e., oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde) were reduced upon nanoparticle treatment. These data collectively suggest that selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles may be a solution to ameliorate arsenic toxicity in agricultural soils and crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Xin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xin Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Brett Hale
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Hai Yan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Wu N, Li Z, Meng S, Wu F. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic activity of Euonymus maackii Rupr. under gradient water deficit levels. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259959. [PMID: 34813605 PMCID: PMC8610274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) in the amelioration of the water deficit-mediated negative influence on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system in Euonymus maackii Rupr. was examined. E. maackii seedlings were subjected to 5 water deficit levels, soil water contents of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% field capacity (FC), and 2 inoculation treatments, with and without AM inoculation. The water deficit increasingly limited the seedling height, biomass accumulation in shoots and roots, chlorophyll content, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters with an increasing water deficit level. In addition, water deficit stimulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), in both shoots and roots, except under 20% FC conditions. E. maackii seedlings under all water deficit conditions formed symbiosis well with AM fungi, which significantly ameliorated the drought-mediated negative effect, especially under 40% and 60% FC conditions. Under 40% to 80% FC conditions, AM formation improved seedling growth and photosynthesis by significantly enhancing the biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content and assimilation. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed better tolerance and less sensitivity to a water deficit, reflected in the lower SOD activities of shoots and roots and CAT activity of shoots under 40% and 60% FC conditions. Downregulation of the antioxidant system in mycorrhizal seedlings suggested better maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of metabolism, including biomass accumulation and assimilation. All the results advocated the positive role of R. intraradices inoculation in E. maackii against a water deficit, especially under 40% FC, which suggested the distinct AM performance in drought tolerance and the potential role of the combination of E. maackii-AM fungi in ecological restoration in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Wu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Kaya C, Polat T, Ashraf M, Kaushik P, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Endogenous nitric oxide and its potential sources regulate glutathione-induced cadmium stress tolerance in maize plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:723-737. [PMID: 34500197 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It was aimed to assess that up to what extent endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and its sources are involved in glutathione (GSH)-mediated tolerance of maize plants to cadmium (Cd) stress. The Cd-stressed maize plants were sprayed with or without GSH (1.0 mM) once every week for two weeks. Before initiating the stress treatment, the Cd-stressed plants sprayed with GSH were supplied with or without 0.1 mM, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO; a NO scavenger) for two weeks or with 0.1 mM sodium tungstate (ST; a nitrate reductase inhibitor), or 0.1 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Cadmium stress suppressed the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glyoxalase II, while increased leaf NO, Cadmium content, proline, oxidative stress, the activities of glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, the key enzymes of oxidative defense system, glyoxalase I, NR and NOS. GSH reduced oxidative stress and tissue Cd2+ content, but it improved growth, altered water relations, and additionally increased proline levels, activities of the AsA-GSH cycle, key enzymatic antioxidants, glyoxalase I and II, NR and NOS as well as NO content. The cPTIO and ST supplementation abolished the beneficial effects of GSH by reducing the activities of NO and NR. However, L-NAME did not retreat the favorable effects of GSH, although it reduced the NOS activity without eliminating NO content, suggesting that NR might be a prospective source of NO generated by GSH in Cd-stressed plants, which in turn accelerated the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Tahir Polat
- Field Crops Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Kikugawa Research Station, Yokohama Ueki, 2265, Kamo, Kikugawa City, Shizuoka, 439-0031, Japan
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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40
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Rani P, Saini I, Singh N, Kaushik P, Wijaya L, Al-Barty A, Darwish H, Noureldeen A. Effect of potassium fertilizer on the growth, physiological parameters, and water status of Brassica juncea cultivars under different irrigation regimes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257023. [PMID: 34555032 PMCID: PMC8459943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, especially a lack of water, can significantly reduce crop yields. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical effects of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer and varied irrigation regimes on the economically significant oilseed crop, Brassica juncea L, under open field conditions. Two cultivars (RH-725 and RH-749) of B. juncea were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replicates. Irrigation regimes consisted of a control (double irrigation: once at the 50% flowering and another at 50% fruiting stages), early irrigation (at 50% flowering only), late irrigation (at 50% fruiting only) and stress (no irrigation). The K2SO4 applications were: control (K0, no fertilization); K1, 10 kg ha-1; and K2, 20 kg ha-1. We measured growth via fresh and dry plant weight, plant height, root length, and leaf area. All the growth parameters were higher in RH-749. The physiological attributes, including the membrane stability index and relative water content, were higher at the 50% flowering stage in RH-749. The amount of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was enhanced when both plants were fertilized during water stress. All of these enzymes had higher activity in RH-749. The total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were considerably higher in RH-749, which leaked fewer electrolytes and maintained a less destructive osmotic potential under limited water conditions. The results indicated that it is water-stress tolerant when given a high concentration of K2SO4, which alleviated the adverse effects of water stress on growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Rani
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ishan Saini
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Narender Singh
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, South Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Amal Al-Barty
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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El-Badri AMA, Batool M, Mohamed IAA, Khatab A, Sherif A, Wang Z, Salah A, Nishawy E, Ayaad M, Kuai J, Wang B, Zhou G. Modulation of salinity impact on early seedling stage via nano-priming application of zinc oxide on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:376-392. [PMID: 34153882 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress negatively affects the plant's developmental stages through micronutrient imbalance. As an essential micronutrient, ZnO can substitute Na+ absorption under saline conditions. Therefore, nanoparticles as technological innovation, improve the plant growth efficiency under biotic and abiotic stresses. Nano-priming has become widely applicable in agricultural research during the last decade. The current study was conducted to highlight the impact of ZnONPs priming on seedling biological processes under 150 mM of NaCl using two rapeseed cultivars during the early seedling stage. All concentrations of ZnONPs increased the germination parameters i.e., FG%, GR, VI (I), and VI (II). Meanwhile, the high concentration (ZnO 100%) showed the highest increase in shoot length (9.60% and 25.63%), root length (41.64% and 48.17%) for Yang You 9 and Zhong Shuang 11 over hydro-priming, respectively, as well as biomass. Additionally, nano-priming improved the proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents as a result of osmotic protection modulation. Moreover, nano-priming alleviated ROS and biosynthesis pigments through the reduction of accumulated (H2O2) and (O2-), and chlorophyll degradation, respectively, also enhanced antioxidant adjustment via improving the plant defense system. Nano-priming substituted the Na+ by Zn2+, K+, and Ca2+, and compensated the deficit of micronutrients, thus reduced the Na+ toxicity in the cell cytosol. To track the effects of priming during seed imbibition, it noticed that ZnO 100% and ZnO 100%+S increased the Linoleic and Linolenic acids among the studied fatty acids composition by 12.02%, 7.59%, 13.27%, and 10.38% (Yang You 9), 7.42%, 2.77%, 2.93%, and 1.49% (Zhong Shuang 11) over the hydro-priming, respectively. Moreover, the gene expression patterns of BnCAM and BnPER reflected the enhancement of germination levels, notably under the influence of ZnO 100% priming, which increased the level of BnCAM by 70.42% and 111.9% in Yang You 9 and Zhong Shuang 11, respectively. Consequently, ZnO nano-priming enhanced the seedling development through the biosynthesis of pigments, osmotic protection, reduction of ROS accumulation, adjustment of antioxidant enzymes, and improvement of the nutrient absorption, thus enhancing the economic yield under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M A El-Badri
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Maria Batool
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ibrahim A A Mohamed
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khatab
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sherif
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Zongkai Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Akram Salah
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- Desert Research Center, Genetics Resource Department, Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, Cairo, 11735, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ayaad
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abo Zaabal, 13795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Mohammadi MA, Cheng Y, Aslam M, Jakada BH, Wai MH, Ye K, He X, Luo T, Ye L, Dong C, Hu B, Priyadarshani SVGN, Wang-Pruski G, Qin Y. ROS and Oxidative Response Systems in Plants Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: Revisiting the Crucial Role of Phosphite Triggered Plants Defense Response. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631318. [PMID: 34276579 PMCID: PMC8281016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphite (Phi) is a chemical analog of orthophosphate [HPO4 3-]. It is a systemic pesticide generally known to control the prevalence of oomycetes and soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora, Pythium, and Plasmopora species. Phi can also control disease symptoms and the spread of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. Phi plays critical roles as a fungicide, pesticide, fertilizer, or biostimulator. Overall, Phi can alleviate the severity of the disease caused by oomycete, fungi, pathogenic bacteria, and nematodes (leave, stem, fruit, tuber, and root) in various plants (vegetables, fruits, crops, root/tuber crops, ornamental plants, and forests). Advance research in molecular, physiological, and biochemical approaches has approved the key role of Phi in enhancing crop growth, quantity, and quality of several plant species. Phi is chemically similar to orthophosphate, and inside the cells, it is likely to get involved in different features of phosphate metabolism in both plants and pathogens. In plants, a range of physiobiochemical alterations are induced by plant pathogen stress, which causes lowered photosynthesis activities, enzymatic activities, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modification in a large group of genes. To date, several attempts have been made to study plant-pathogen interactions with the intent to minimize the loss of crop productivity. Phi's emerging function as a biostimulant in plants has boost plant yield and tolerance against various stress factors. This review discusses Phi-mediated biostimulant effects against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Alberoni University, Kohistan, Afghanistan
| | - Yan Cheng
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Myat Hnin Wai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangzhuo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunxing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - S. V. G. N. Priyadarshani
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Education Commission, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Panda A, Rangani J, Parida AK. Physiological and metabolic adjustments in the xero-halophyte Haloxylon salicornicum conferring drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1189-1211. [PMID: 33511647 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most catastrophic abiotic stresses that affects global food production severely. The present work investigates the metabolic and physiological adaptation mechanisms in the xero-halophyte Haloxylon salicornicum to counter the effects of drought. This xero-halophyte can withstand a prolonged drought period of 14 days and recovered within 7 days of irrigation with minimal effects of drought on growth and physiological parameters. Photosynthetic parameters such as PN , gs , and E decreased significantly, whereas WUE increased under drought condition. Drought induces a significant decline in the Fv/Fm ratio. However, the value of Fv/Fm ratio successfully recovered within 7 days of the recovery period. Differential regulations of various antioxidative enzymes increase the drought tolerance potential of H. salicornicum. The metabolomic analysis of H. salicornicum shoot identified 63 metabolites: 43 significantly increased and 20 significantly decreased under drought conditions. These metabolites mainly include amino acids, organic acids, amines, sugar alcohols, sugars, fatty acids, alkaloids, and phytohormones. The metabolites that have a significant contribution towards drought tolerance include citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, d-erythrose, glyceric acid, sucrose, pentanoic acid, d-mannitol, ABA, and palmitic acid. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the vital drought-responsive metabolic pathways mainly include galactose metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. This study offers comprehensive information on physiological, antioxidative and metabolic adaptations and overall drought tolerance mechanisms in H. salicornicum. The information gained from this study will provide guidance to plant breeders and molecular biologists to develop drought-tolerant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Panda
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jaykumar Rangani
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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Tittal M, Mir RA, Jatav KS, Agarwal RM. Supplementation of potassium alleviates water stress-induced changes in Sorghum bicolor L. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1149-1161. [PMID: 33314117 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This report discusses water stress-induced changes and their amelioration by added potassium in Sorghum bicolor L. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, and the activity of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes viz., nitrate reductase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were adversely affected under water stress and restricted irrigation. Osmotic as well as water stress trigger ROS production while potassium ameliorated these changes to some extent and increased the activity of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR and the contents of GSH and AsA. Water stress-induced changes ultimately reflecting on growth and yield parameters like plant height, biomass yield, grain yield, days to flowering, and days to maturity. Added potassium affected these parameters positively, both under normal and stress conditions, indicating the use of potassium as a tool for mitigating the water stress induced deleterious changes in sorghum to some extent by enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency and strengthening the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components. The results obtained here exhibited similar trends in seedlings and plants raised in sand cultures and field conditions, making them more meaningful and comprehensible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Tittal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
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Jardim AMDRF, Santos HRB, Alves HKMN, Ferreira-Silva SL, Souza LSBD, Araújo Júnior GDN, Souza MDS, Araújo GGLD, Souza CAAD, Silva TGFD. Genotypic differences relative photochemical activity, inorganic and organic solutes and yield performance in clones of the forage cactus under semi-arid environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:421-430. [PMID: 33740681 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants with the crassulacean acid metabolism commonly present good adaptation to arid and semi-arid environments, but it highly depends on the type of species. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, the concentration of inorganic and organic solutes and the productive performance were evaluated along with their relationships in different clones of the genera Opuntia and Nopalea. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Four clones of genus Opuntia were evaluated: 'Orelha de Elefante Mexicana' (OEM), 'Orelha de Elefante Africana' (OEA), V19 and F8; and two clones of genus Nopalea: 'IPA Sertânia' and 'Miúda'. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design, with six treatments and three replications. The following parameters were measured when harvesting: initial, maximum and variable fluorescence; the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm); light-induction curves of the photochemical parameters (ΔF/Fm', qP, NPQ and ETR); the chlorophyll and carotenoid content; carbohydrates; the sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) content; morphometry; and dry matter accumulation. The values for the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/Fm') and the alterations in photochemical quenching were higher in the OEM clone (P < 0.05). There was a difference between clones for non-photochemical quenching, with the F8 clone having the highest values. The Fv/Fm was 0.87 for the OEM. 'IPA Sertânia' obtained the greatest Chl a/b, and the highest values for carbohydrate concentration were found in the OEA clone. The OEM clone showed the greatest accumulation of K+, in addition to a higher cladode area index and greater dry matter accumulation. The results of this study show the high physiological tolerance of the forage cactus to a semi-arid environment, which varies according to the clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes Alves
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marcondes de Sá Souza
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Semiarid, Highway BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Countryside, 56302-970, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Carlos André Alves de Souza
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Olchowik J, Suchocka M, Jankowski P, Malewski T, Hilszczańska D. The ectomycorrhizal community of urban linden trees in Gdańsk, Poland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0237551. [PMID: 33901193 PMCID: PMC8075230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The linden tree (Tilia spp.) is a popular tree for landscaping and urban environments in central and northwest European countries, and it is one of the most popular in cities in Poland. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form a symbiosis with many urban tree species and protect the host plant from heavy metals and against salinity. The aim of this study was to characterise the ECM fungal community of urban linden trees along the tree damage gradient. The study was performed on two sites located in the centre of the city of Gdańsk, in northern Poland. The vitality assessment of urban linden trees was made according to Roloff’s classification. Tree damage classes were related to soil characteristics using principal component analysis. The five ectomycorrhizal fungal species were shared among all four tree damage classes, and Cenococcum geophilum was found to be the most abundant and frequent ectomycorrhizal fungal species in each class. Soil samples collected in the vicinity of trees belonging to the R0 class had significantly lower pH Na, Cl and Pb content than other soils. Our knowledge of ectomycorrhizal communities in urban areas is still limited, and these findings provide new insights into ectomycorrhizal distribution patterns in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Olchowik
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marzena Suchocka
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Jankowski
- Department of Computer Information Systems, Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Malewski
- Department of Molecular and Biometric Techniques, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Hilszczańska
- Department of Forest Ecology, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Poland
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Ahanger MA, Qi M, Huang Z, Xu X, Begum N, Qin C, Zhang C, Ahmad N, Mustafa NS, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112195. [PMID: 33823368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizer usage is been introduced into agricultural practices for preventing the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers. Present study investigated the beneficial role of organic fertilizer (nano-vermicompost) on the growth, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism, osmolyte accumulation and mineral elements in tomato under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation by triggering oxidative stress due to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mineral uptake. Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline. Nano-vermicompost increased growth and dry matter content and ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and PSII activity more significantly at higher concentration (100 mg kg-1 soil). ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced. Drought up-regulated antioxidant system and application of nano-vermicompost further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant components. Accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased significantly due to nano-vermicompost application. Besides, decline in the activity of nitrate reductase and content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maodong Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziguang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuedong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Zoology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China; Islamabad Model College for Boys, Federal Directorate of Education, H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabil S Mustafa
- Department of Pomology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Contribution of Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis in Salt Stress Tolerance in Medicago truncatula Evaluated through Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Compatible Solutes Accumulation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of salt stress on the growth, nodulation, and nitrogen (N) fixation of legumes are well known, but the relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) driven by rhizobium–legume symbiosis and salt tolerance in Medicago truncatula is not well studied. The effects of the active nodulation process on salt stress tolerance of Medicago truncatula were evaluated by quantifying the compatible solutes, soluble sugars, and antioxidants enzymes, as well as growth and survival rate of plants. Eight weeks old plants, divided in three groups: (i) no nodules (NN), (ii) inactive nodules (IN), and (iii) active nodules (AN), were exposed to 150 mM of NaCl salt stress for 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 h in hydroponic system. AN plants showed a higher survival rate (30.83% and 38.35%), chlorophyll contents (37.18% and 44.51%), and photosynthesis compared to IN and NN plants, respectively. Improved salt tolerance in AN plants was linked with higher activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and higher K+ (20.45% and 39.21%) and lower Na+ accumulations (17.54% and 24.51%) when compared with IN and NN plants, respectively. Additionally, higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was indicative of salt stress, causing membrane damage as revealed by higher electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. All such effects were significantly ameliorated in AN plants, showing higher compatible solutes (proline, free amino acids, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, and proteins) and maintaining higher relative water contents (61.34%). This study advocates positive role of Rhizobium meliloti inoculation against salt stress through upregulation of antioxidant system and a higher concentration of compatible solutes.
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Tea as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds in the Human Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051487. [PMID: 33803306 PMCID: PMC7967157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the different levels of bioactive compounds in tea reported in the literature, the aim of this study was to determine whether commercially available leaf teas could be an important source of phenolics and selected minerals (copper, manganese, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium) and if the differences in the content of these components between various types of tea are significant. It was found that both the amount of these compounds in tea and the antioxidant activity of tea infusions were largely determined by the origin of tea leaves as well as the processing method, which can modify the content of the studied components up to several hundred-fold. The group of green teas was the best source of phenolic compounds (110.73 mg/100 mL) and magnesium (1885 µg/100 mL) and was also characterised by the highest antioxidant activity (59.02%). This type of tea is a great contributor to the daily intake of the studied components. The average consumption of green tea infusions, assumed to be 3–4 cups (1 L) a day, provides the body with health-promoting polyphenol levels significantly exceeding the recommended daily dose. Moreover, drinking one litre of an unfermented tea infusion provides more than three times the recommended daily intake of manganese. Tea infusions can be a fairly adequate, but only a supplementary, source of potassium, zinc, magnesium, and copper in the diet. Moreover, it could be concluded that the antioxidant activity of all the analysed types of tea infusions results not only from the high content of phenolic compounds and manganese but is also related to the presence of magnesium and potassium.
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Sánchez-McSweeney A, González-Gordo S, Aranda-Sicilia MN, Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Venema K, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Loss of function of the chloroplast membrane K +/H + antiporters AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 alters the ROS and NO metabolism but promotes drought stress resilience. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:106-119. [PMID: 33485149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) exerts key physiological functions such as osmoregulation, stomatal movement, membrane transport, protein synthesis and photosynthesis among others. Previously, it was demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana that the loss of function of the chloroplast K+Efflux Antiporters KEA1 and KEA2, located in the inner envelope membrane, provokes inefficient photosynthesis. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of the loss of function of those cation transport systems in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Using 14-day-old seedlings from Arabidopsis double knock-out kea1kea2 mutants, ROS metabolism and NO content in roots and green cotyledons were studied at the biochemical level. The loss of function of AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 did not cause oxidative stress but it provoked an alteration of the ROS homeostasis affecting some ROS-generating enzymes. These included glycolate oxidase (GOX) and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and both NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme activities. NO content, analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), was negatively affected in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs in kea1kea2 mutant seedlings. Furthermore, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) protein expression and activity were downregulated in kea1kea2 mutants, whereas the tyrosine nitrated protein profile, analyzed by immunoblot, was unaffected but the relative expression of each immunoreactive band changed. Moreover, kea1kea2 mutants showed an increased photorespiratory pathway and stomata closure, thus promoting a higher resilience to drought stress. Data suggest that the chloroplast osmotic balance and integrity maintained by AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 are necessary to keep the balance of ROS/RNS metabolism. Moreover, these data open new questions about how endogenous NO generation might be affected by the K+/H+ transport located in the chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - María Nieves Aranda-Sicilia
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosales
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain.
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