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Wang B, Fang T, Chen H. Zinc and Central Nervous System Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:2140. [PMID: 37432243 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is the second most abundant necessary trace element in the human body, exerting a critical role in many physiological processes such as cellular proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, growth, immunity, and wound healing. It is an essential catalyst ion for many enzymes and transcription factors. The maintenance of Zn2+ homeostasis is essential for the central nervous system, in which Zn2+ is abundantly distributed and accumulates in presynaptic vesicles. Synaptic Zn2+ is necessary for neural transmission, playing a pivotal role in neurogenesis, cognition, memory, and learning. Emerging data suggest that disruption of Zn2+ homeostasis is associated with several central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we reviewed the correlation between Zn2+ and these central nervous system disorders. The potential mechanisms were also included. We hope that this review can provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tianshu Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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2
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Starowicz G, Siodłak D, Nowak G, Mlyniec K. The role of GPR39 zinc receptor in the modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:609-622. [PMID: 36997827 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite our poor understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, a growing body of evidence indicates the role of both glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling behind the effects of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs). GPR39 is a zinc-sensing receptor whose activation leads to a prolonged antidepressant-like response in mice. Both GPR39 and zinc can modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, however, exact molecular mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we aimed to research the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic system activation in TC-G 1008 antidepressant-like effects and the disruptions in this effect caused by a low-zinc diet. METHODS In the first part of our study, we investigated the role of joint administration of the GPR39 agonist (TC-G 1008) and ligands of the glutamatergic or GABAergic systems, in antidepressant-like response. To evaluate animal behaviour we used the forced swim test in mice. In the second part of the study, we assessed the effectiveness of TC-G 1008-induced antidepressant-like response in conditions of decreased dietary zinc intake and its molecular underpinning by conducting a Western Blot analysis of selected proteins involved in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. RESULTS The TC-G 1008-induced effect was blocked by the administration of NMDA or picrotoxin. The joint administration of TC-G 1008 along with muscimol or SCH50911 showed a trend toward decreased immobility time. Zinc-deficient diet resulted in dysregulation of GluN1, PSD95, and KCC2 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the important role of glutamate/GABA signaling in the antidepressant-like effect of TC-G 1008 and imply that GPR39 regulates the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in the brain. Thus, we suggest the zinc-sensing receptor be considered an interesting new target for the development of novel antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Starowicz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Siodłak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Suzuki A, Hara H, Kimura H. Role of the AMPA receptor in antidepressant effects of ketamine and potential of AMPA receptor potentiators as a novel antidepressant. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109308. [PMID: 36341809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine exerts rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, its clinical use is limited by its undesirable psychotomimetic side effects. Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies has shown that the antidepressant effects of ketamine are dependent on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R) activation, which triggers activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and brain-derived neurotrophic factor release. Thus, AMPA-R has emerged as a promising new target for novel antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. However, almost all known AMPA-R potentiators carry the risk of a narrow bell-shaped dose-response curve and a poor safety margin against seizures. Our data suggest that agonistic activity is not only related to the risks of bell-shaped dose-response curves and seizures but also to the reduced synaptic transmission and procognitive effects of AMPA-R potentiators. In this review, we describe our original screening approach that led to the discovery of an investigational AMPA-R potentiator with low agonistic activity, TAK-653. We further review the in vitro and in vivo profiles of TAK-653, including its procognitive and antidepressant-like effects, as well as its safety profile, in comparison with known AMPA-R potentiators with agonistic activity and AMPA, an AMPA-R agonist. The low agnostic activity of TAK-653 may overcome limitations of known AMPA-R potentiators. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroe Hara
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
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Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder associated with serious adverse health outcomes, for which there is currently considerable treatment ineffectiveness. Characterised by restrictive eating behaviours, distorted body image perceptions and excessive physical activity, there is growing recognition anorexia nervosa is associated with underlying dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolite metabolism and signalling. This narrative review critically explores the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolite dysfunction in anorexia nervosa and its associated biomarkers. The existing magnetic resonance spectroscopy literature in anorexia nervosa is reviewed and we outline the brain region-specific neurometabolite changes that have been reported and their connection to anorexia nervosa psychopathology. Considering the proposed role of dysfunctional neurotransmission in anorexia nervosa, the potential utility of zinc supplementation and sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine in normalising this is discussed with reference to previous research in anorexia nervosa and other neuropsychiatric conditions. The rationale for future research to investigate the combined use of low-dose ketamine and zinc supplementation to potentially extend the therapeutic benefits in anorexia nervosa is subsequently explored and promising biological markers for assessing and potentially predicting treatment response are outlined.
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Chin-Chan M, Montes S, Blanco-Álvarez VM, Aguirre-Alarcón HA, Hernández-Rodríguez I, Bautista E. Relevance of biometals during neuronal differentiation and myelination: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biometals 2022; 35:395-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Viktorov M, Wilkinson MP, Elston VCE, Stone M, Robinson ESJ. A systematic review of studies investigating the acute effects of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor antagonists on behavioural despair in normal animals suggests poor predictive validity. Brain Neurosci Adv 2022; 6:23982128221081645. [PMID: 35299619 PMCID: PMC8922211 DOI: 10.1177/23982128221081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine to induce a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect has led to a surge in pre-clinical studies investigating underlying mechanisms and seeking novel treatments. Animal models are key to this research as they can provide a behavioural readout linking underlying mechanisms to clinical benefits. However, quantifying depression-related behaviours in rodents represents a major challenge with the validity of traditional methods such as models of behavioural despair (forced swim test and tail suspension test) a topic of debate. While there is good evidence to support the value of using these behavioural readouts to study the effects of stress, these approaches have largely failed to detect reliable phenotypic effects in other disease models. In this systematic review, we identified publications which had tested N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in normal animals using either the forced swim test or tail suspension test. We compared findings for different doses and time points and also drugs with different clinical profiles to investigate how well the outcomes in the rodent model predicted their effects in the clinic. Despite clear evidence that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists reduce immobility time and hence exhibit an antidepressant profile in these tasks, we found similar effects with both clinically effective drugs as well as those which have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. These findings suggest that behavioural despair tests in normal animals do not provide a good method to predict clinical efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Viktorov
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew P. Wilkinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Victoria C. E. Elston
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Medi Stone
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma S. J. Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Khan H, Nazir S, Farooq RK, Khan IN, Javed A. Fabrication and Assessment of Diosgenin Encapsulated Stearic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Its Anticancer and Antidepressant Effects Using in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:806713. [PMID: 35221890 PMCID: PMC8866708 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.806713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cascade plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, questing natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity such as diosgenin can act as a double-edged sword targeting cancer and cancer-induced inflammation simultaneously. The blood–brain barrier limits the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs against intracranial pathologies including depression and brain cancers. Encapsulating a drug molecule in lipid nanoparticles can overcome this obstacle. The current study has thus investigated the anticancer and antidepressant effect of Tween 80 (P80) coated stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) encapsulating the diosgenin. Physio-chemical characterizations of SLNPs were performed to assess their stability, monodispersity, and entrapment efficiency. In vitro cytotoxic analysis of naked and drug encapsulated SLNPs on U-87 cell line indicated diosgenin IC50 value to be 194.4 μM, while diosgenin encapsulation in nanoparticles slightly decreases the toxicity. Antidepressant effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated diosgenin were comprehensively evaluated in the concanavalin-A–induced sickness behavior mouse model. Behavior test results indicate that diosgenin and diosgenin encapsulated nanoparticles significantly alleviated anxiety-like and depressive behavior. Diosgenin incorporated SLNPs also improved grooming behavior and social interaction as well as showed normal levels of neutrophils and leukocytes with no toxicity indication. In conclusion, diosgenin and diosgenin encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles proved successful in decreasing in vitro cancer cell proliferation and improving sickness behavioral phenotype and thus merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishaq N. Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Aneela Javed,
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8
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Kadriu B, Musazzi L, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ, Popoli M, Zarate CA. Positive AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: A long and winding road. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2816-2838. [PMID: 34358693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission is widely implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery that ketamine elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects by modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling has spurred a resurgence of interest in the field. This review explores agents in various stages of development for neuropsychiatric disorders that positively modulate AMPARs, both directly and indirectly. Despite promising preclinical research, few direct and indirect AMPAR positive modulators have progressed past early clinical development. Challenges such as low potency have created barriers to effective implementation. Nevertheless, the functional complexity of AMPARs sets them apart from other drug targets and allows for specificity in drug discovery. Additional effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders that work through positive AMPAR modulation may eventually be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Siodłak D, Nowak G, Mlyniec K. Interaction between zinc, the GPR39 zinc receptor and the serotonergic system in depression. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:146-154. [PMID: 33549699 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc signalling has a crucial impact on the proper functioning of the brain. Disturbances within the zincergic system may lead to neuropsychological disorders, including major depression. Studying this disease and designing effective treatment is hampered by its heterogeneous etiology and the diversified nature of the symptoms. Over the years, studies have shown that zinc deficiency and disturbances in the expression profile of the zinc receptor - GPR39 - might be a useful neurobiological indicator of a pathological state. Zinc levels and the zinc receptor are altered by classic antidepressant treatment, which indicates possible reciprocity between the monoaminergic system and zinc signalling. Disruptions in this specific interplay might be a cause of a pathological depressive state, and restoring balance and cooperation between those systems might be key to a successful form of pharmacotherapy. In this review, we aim to describe interactions between the serotonergic and zincergic systems and to highlight their significance in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Siodłak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PSA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1443-1460. [PMID: 32394086 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important essential nutrients of great public health significance. It is involved in numerous biological functions and it is considered as a multipurpose trace element, due to its capacity to bind to more than 300 enzymes and more than 2000 transcriptional factors. Its role in biochemical pathways and cellular functions, such as the response to oxidative stress, homeostasis, immune responses, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and aging is significant. Zn is required for the synthesis of protein and collagen, thus contributing to wound healing and a healthy skin. Metallothioneins are metal-binding proteins and they are potent scavengers of heavy metals, including Zn, and protect the organism against stress. Zn deficiency is observed almost in 17% of the global population and affects many organ systems, leading to dysfunction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, thus increasing the susceptibility to infection. This review gives a thorough insight into the most recent evidence on the association between Zn biochemistry and human pathologies, epigenetic processes, gut microbial composition, drug targets and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Center, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Panagoula-Stamatina A Ntoupa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara A Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria E Stefanidou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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11
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Tamizifar B, Arab A. Effects of comprehensive dietary advice on the physical and mental health of patients with ulcerative colitis during the remission phase: a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1833034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Tamizifar
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (lGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Gruenbaum BF, Kutz R, Zlotnik A, Boyko M. Blood glutamate scavenging as a novel glutamate-based therapeutic approach for post-stroke depression. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320903951. [PMID: 32110376 PMCID: PMC7026819 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320903951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a major complication of stroke that significantly impacts functional recovery and quality of life. While the exact mechanism of PSD is unknown, recent attention has focused on the association of the glutamatergic system in its etiology and treatment. Minimizing secondary brain damage and neuropsychiatric consequences associated with excess glutamate concentrations is a vital part of stroke management. The blood glutamate scavengers, oxaloacetate and pyruvate, degrade glutamate in the blood to its inactive metabolite, 2-ketoglutarate, by the coenzymes glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), respectively. This reduction in blood glutamate concentrations leads to a subsequent shift of glutamate down its concentration gradient from the blood to the brain, thereby decreasing brain glutamate levels. Although there are not yet any human trials that support blood glutamate scavengers for clinical use, there is increasing evidence from animal research of their efficacy as a promising new therapeutic approach for PSD. In this review, we present recent evidence in the literature of the potential therapeutic benefits of blood glutamate scavengers for reducing PSD and other related neuropsychiatric conditions. The evidence reviewed here should be useful in guiding future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Kutz
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Pochwat B, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. An update on NMDA antagonists in depression. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1055-1067. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1643237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Dos Santos AB, Bezerra MA, Rocha ME, Barreto GE, Kohlmeier KA. Higher zinc concentrations in hair of Parkinson’s disease are associated with psychotic complications and depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1291-1301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Ghasemi M. Nitric oxide: Antidepressant mechanisms and inflammation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:121-152. [PMID: 31378250 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Millions of individuals worldwide suffers from mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD), which has a high rate of disease burden in society. Although targeting the biogenic amines including serotonin, and norepinephrine have provided invaluable links with the pharmacological treatment of MDD over the last four decades, a growing body of evidence suggest that other biologic systems could contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. In this chapter, we highlight the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby treatment of MDD. This has been investigated over the last four decades by showing that (i) levels of NO are altered in patients with major depression; (ii) modulators of NO signaling exert antidepressant effects in patients with MDD or in the animal studies; (iii) NO signaling could be targeted by a variety of antidepressants in animal models of depression; and (iv) NO signaling can potentially modulate the inflammatory pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. These findings, which hypothesize an NO involvement in MDD, can provide a new insight into novel therapeutic approaches for patients with MDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts and General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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Alamo C, García-Garcia P, Lopez-Muñoz F, Zaragozá C. Tianeptine, an atypical pharmacological approach to depression. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2019; 12:170-186. [PMID: 30612921 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the first antidepressants in the 50s of the 20th century radically changed the treatment of depression, while providing information on pathophysiological aspects of this disease. New antidepressants drugs (agomelatine, tianeptine, vortioxetine) are providing data that give rise to pathophysiological hypotheses of depression that differ from the classic monoaminergic theory. In this sense, tianeptina, an atypical drug by its mechanism of differential action, contributes to clarify that in depression there is more than monoamines. Thus, tianeptine does not modify the rate of extracellular serotonin, so it does not increase or decrease the reuptake of serotonin. Chronic administration of tianeptine does not alter the density or affinity of more than a hundred classical receptors related to depression. Recently, a weak action of tianeptine on Mu opioid receptors has been described that could explain the release of dopamine in the limbic system and its participation in the modulation of glutamatergic mechanisms. These mechanisms support the hypothesis of the possible mechanism of action of this antidepressant. Tianeptine is an antidepressant, with anxiolytic properties, that can improve somatic symptoms. Tianeptine as a glutamatergic modulator, among other mechanisms, allows us to approach depression from a different point of view than other antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilio Alamo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
| | - Pilar García-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Francisco Lopez-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, España; Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España
| | - Cristina Zaragozá
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
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17
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Witkin JM, Martin AE, Golani LK, Xu NZ, Smith JL. Rapid-acting antidepressants. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 86:47-96. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Arab A, Mehrabani S, Moradi S, Amani R. The association between diet and mood: A systematic review of current literature. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:428-437. [PMID: 30537665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the association between diet and mood state, but the findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to assess the association between different diet and mood state. PubMed, Cochrane's library, Science direct, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI web of science databases were searched for all available literature until December 2017 for studies assessing the association between diet and mood state. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Jadad scale for reporting randomized clinical trials were used to assess study quality. A total of 18 studies out of 2857 met our inclusion criteria and included in our systematic review. Although there are not consistent findings between studies, it seems that DASH, vegetable-based, glycemic load-based, ketogenic and Paleo diets could improve mood more than the others. Further studies are needed to assess such relationship in a longer period to draw a firm link between diet and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Pochwat B, Szewczyk B, Kotarska K, Rafało-Ulińska A, Siwiec M, Sowa JE, Tokarski K, Siwek A, Bouron A, Friedland K, Nowak G. Hyperforin Potentiates Antidepressant-Like Activity of Lanicemine in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:456. [PMID: 30618608 PMCID: PMC6299069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators induce rapid and sustained antidepressant like-activity in rodents through a molecular mechanism of action that involves the activation of Ca2+ dependent signaling pathways. Moreover, ketamine, a global NMDAR antagonist is a potent, novel, and atypical drug that has been successfully used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). However, because ketamine evokes unwanted side effects, alternative strategies have been developed for the treatment of depression. The objective of the present study was to determine the antidepressant effects of either a single dose of hyperforin or lanicemine vs. their combined effects in mice. Hyperforin modulates intracellular Ca2+ levels by activating Ca2+-conducting non-selective canonical transient receptor potential 6 channel (TRPC6) channels. Lanicemine, on the other hand, blocks NMDARs and regulates Ca2+ dependent processes. To evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of hyperforin and lanicemine, a set of in vivo (behavioral) and in vitro methods (western blotting, Ca2+ imaging studies, electrophysiological, and radioligand binding assays) was employed. Combined administration of hyperforin and lanicemine evoked long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in both naïve and chronic corticosterone-treated mice while also enhancing the expression of the synapsin I, GluA1 subunit, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins in the frontal cortex. In Ca2+ imaging studies, lanicemine enhanced Ca2+ influx induced by hyperforin. Moreover, compound such as MK-2206 (Akt kinase inhibitor) inhibited the antidepressant-like activity of hyperforin in the tail suspension test (TST). Hyperforin reversed disturbances induced by MK-801 in the novel object recognition (NOR) test and had no effects on NMDA currents and binding to NMDAR. Our results suggest that co-administration of hyperforin and lanicemine induces long-lasting antidepressant effects in mice and that both substances may have different molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Trace Elements, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Trace Elements, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotarska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Trace Elements, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Trace Elements, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna E Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexandre Bouron
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG-LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Trace Elements, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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20
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Gonoodi K, Moslem A, Ahmadnezhad M, Darroudi S, Mazloum Z, Tayefi M, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Eslami S, Shafiee M, Khashayarmanesh Z, Haghighi HM, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Relationship of Dietary and Serum Zinc with Depression Score in Iranian Adolescent Girls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:91-97. [PMID: 29603100 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency, which is common among Iranian populations, is believed to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of mood disorders such as depression in different stages of life. We have therefore investigated the relationship between serum/dietary zinc status and depression scores among adolescent girls living in northeastern Iran. Serum zinc was measured by flame atomic absorption (Varian AA240FS) and the mean zinc intake was assessed using 3-day food record. A validated Persian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to determine the severity of depressive symptoms for all subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. There was a statistically significant correlation between dietary zinc intake and serum zinc concentration (r = 0.117, p = 0.018). Dietary intake of zinc (7.04 ± 4.28 mg/day) was significantly lower among subjects with mild to severe depression symptoms than those with no or minimal depression symptoms (8.06 ± 3.03 mg/day). Dietary zinc intake was inversely correlated with depression score (r = 0.133, p = 0.008). However, there was no significant difference in serum zinc concentrations among individuals with no or minimal and mild to severe depression symptoms (p = 0.5). Dietary zinc intake, but not serum zinc concentration, was inversely associated with depression symptoms. Therefore, controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of zinc supplementation in the treatment of depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayhan Gonoodi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahmadnezhad
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Darroudi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mazloum
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Evidence-Based Care Research Center, Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Eslami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khashayarmanesh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Moalemzadeh Haghighi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Ghasemi M, Claunch J, Niu K. Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:54-87. [PMID: 29890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although over the past 40 years the biogenic amine models have provided meaningful links with the clinical phenomena of, and the pharmacological treatments currently employed in, mood disorders, there is still a need to examine the contribution of other systems to the neurobiology and treatment of mood disorders. This article reviews the current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders. The hypothesis has arisen from several observations including (i) altered NO levels in patients with mood disorders; (ii) antidepressant effects of NO signaling blockers in both clinical and pre-clinical studies; (iii) interaction between conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers and NO signaling modulators in several biochemical and behavioral studies; (iv) biochemical and physiological evidence of interaction between monoaminergic (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) system and NO signaling; (v) interaction between neurotrophic factors and NO signaling in mood regulation and neuroprotection; and finally (vi) a crucial role for NO signaling in the inflammatory processes involved in pathophysiology of mood disorders. These accumulating lines of evidence have provided a new insight into novel approaches for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Joshua Claunch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kathy Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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22
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Joe P, Getz M, Redman S, Petrilli M, Kranz TM, Ahmad S, Malaspina D. Serum zinc levels in acute psychiatric patients: A case series. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:344-350. [PMID: 29334659 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc dysregulation is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders and a beneficial response to zinc supplementation has been demonstrated for depression. In this case series, we examined serum zinc levels with respect to clinical factors among 20 acutely ill psychiatric cases admitted to a large urban public hospital. The results showed frank clinical zinc insufficiency in a quarter of the subjects. Group-wise analyses showed a significant association between reduced serum zinc and diagnosis of depression, and reduced serum zinc in those with aggressive, assaultive, or violent behaviors. By contrast, relatively elevated zinc levels were observed in a subset of psychotic cases on antipsychotics and mood stabilizers who had no mood symptoms. In summary, clinical zinc insufficiency was common in these acutely admitted psychiatric cases. Zinc supplementation may ameliorate symptoms in certain cases and should be considered in treatment planning. A separate patient group had elevated zinc levels, which could conceivably be pathogenic. Larger studies are needed to confirm and extend this pilot data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Joe
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara Getz
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Thorsten Manfred Kranz
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samoon Ahmad
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Zinc Signal in Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122506. [PMID: 29168792 PMCID: PMC5751109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent cation zinc is an integral requirement for optimal cellular processes, whereby it contributes to the function of over 300 enzymes, regulates intracellular signal transduction, and contributes to efficient synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Given the critical role of zinc in a breadth of cellular processes, its cellular distribution and local tissue level concentrations remain tightly regulated via a series of proteins, primarily including zinc transporter and zinc import proteins. A loss of function of these regulatory pathways, or dietary alterations that result in a change in zinc homeostasis in the brain, can all lead to a myriad of pathological conditions with both acute and chronic effects on function. This review aims to highlight the role of zinc signaling in the central nervous system, where it may precipitate or potentiate diverse issues such as age-related cognitive decline, depression, Alzheimer's disease or negative outcomes following brain injury.
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24
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Pochwat B, Rafało-Ulińska A, Domin H, Misztak P, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the short and long-lasting antidepressant-like activity of NMDA receptor antagonists (zinc and Ro 25-6981) in the forced swim test in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:333-342. [PMID: 28802646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Short and long acting NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists exert their antidepressant-like effects by activating signaling pathways involved in the synthesis of synaptic proteins and formation of new synaptic connections in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. The blockade of the ERK pathway abolishes ketamine and Ro 25-6981 antidepressant potency. However, the role of ERK in the antidepressant-like activity of short acting NMDAR antagonists is still unclear. More puzzling is the fact that the precise role of ERK in the short and long lasting effects of long-acting NMDAR antagonists is unknown. In this study, we show that zinc, (Zn) a short-acting NMDAR antagonist evokes only transient ERK activation, which is observed 7 min after its administration in the PFC of rats. In contrast to Zn, the long acting NMDAR antagonist Ro 25-6981 produces persistent ERK activation lasting up to 24 h. Pretreatment with the MAPK/ERK inhibitor (U0126) totally abolished Zn and Ro 25-6981 antidepressant-like activities in the forced swim test in rats. However, when U0126 is administered 15 min after Zn or Ro 25-6981 both compounds maintain their short-lasting antidepressant-like activity. On the other hand, posttreatment with U0126 significantly attenuated the long lasting antidepressant-like activity of Ro 25-6981. These results indicate that the activation of ERK is crucial for the short- and long lasting antidepressant-like activity observed in the FST in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Helena Domin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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25
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Nam SM, Kim JW, Kwon HJ, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Yoon YS. Differential Effects of Low- and High-dose Zinc Supplementation on Synaptic Plasticity and Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Control and High-fat Diet-fed Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3149-3159. [PMID: 28770438 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the concentration-dependent effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation on the adult hippocampus in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mouse model. Four-weeks after HFD- and control diet (CD)-feeding, mice were provided with low (15 ppm) or high (60 ppm) doses of Zn in their drinking water for additional 4 more weeks along with their respective diets. Compared to the CD-fed mice, HFD-feeding elicited the reduction of neurogenic markers such as nestin, Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the dentate gyrus. Additionally, HFD-feeding reduced the levels of synaptic markers (synaptophysin and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), while lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the hippocampus of HFD-fed mice. Against detrimental effects of high-dose Zn, low-dose Zn supplementation in CD-fed mice did not yield any remarkable changes in these parameters. Interestingly, administration of low doses of Zn to HFD-induced obese mice prominently ameliorated HFD-induced changes in neurogenic, synaptic plasticity markers and BDNF levels as well as lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus. In contrast, high-dose Zn supplementation in HFD-fed mice exacerbated the reduction of markers for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity as well as BDNF levels, but not 4-HNE levels, in the hippocampus. These results suggest that low-dose Zn supplementation in obese mice could reverse the HFD-induced reduction in neurogenic and synaptic marker proteins in the hippocampus by reducing lipid peroxidation and improving BDNF expression, while high-dose Zn supplementation exacerbates the reduction of neurogenesis by affecting synaptic markers and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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26
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Petrilli MA, Kranz TM, Kleinhaus K, Joe P, Getz M, Johnson P, Chao MV, Malaspina D. The Emerging Role for Zinc in Depression and Psychosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:414. [PMID: 28713269 PMCID: PMC5492454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc participation is essential for all physiological systems, including neural functioning, where it participates in a myriad of cellular processes. Converging clinical, molecular, and genetic discoveries illuminate key roles for zinc homeostasis in association with clinical depression and psychosis which are not yet well appreciated at the clinical interface. Intracellular deficiency may arise from low circulating zinc levels due to dietary insufficiency, or impaired absorption from aging or medical conditions, including alcoholism. A host of medications commonly administered to psychiatric patients, including anticonvulsants, oral medications for diabetes, hormones, antacids, anti-inflammatories and others also impact zinc absorption. Furthermore, inefficient genetic variants in zinc transporter molecules that transport the ion across cellular membranes impede its action even when circulating zinc concentrations is in the normal range. Well powered clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of supplemental zinc in depression and it important to pursue research using zinc as a potential therapeutic option for psychosis as well. Meta-analyses support the adjunctive use of zinc in major depression and a single study now supports zinc for psychotic symptoms. This manuscript reviews the biochemistry and bench top evidence on putative molecular mechanisms of zinc as a psychiatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Karine Kleinhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Joe
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Mara Getz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Porsha Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Moses V Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
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The level of the zinc homeostasis regulating proteins in the brain of rats subjected to olfactory bulbectomy model of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 72:36-48. [PMID: 27565434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporters (ZnTs) and metallothioneins (MT) are important in maintaining Zn homeostasis in the brain. The present study was designed to find out whether alterations in ZnTs and MTs are associated with the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of antidepressant action. METHODS Messenger RNA and proteins of ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4, ZnT5, ZnT6 and MT1/2 were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hp) of rats subjected to olfactory bulbectomy (OB) (a model of depression) and chronic amitriptyline (AMI) treatment by Real Time PCR and Western Blot/Immunohistochemistry (IHP). RESULTS Results in the OB rats showed: increases in the protein levels of ZnT1 in the PFC and Hp and MT1/2 in the PFC; a decrease in ZnT3 protein level in the PFC; no changes in ZnT4, ZnT5 and ZnT6 in the PFC and Hp. IHP labeling revealed increases in the optical densities of ZnT1-IR in the PFC and Hp and decreases in ZnT3 and ZnT4-IR in the PFC of OB rats. Although OB had no effects on gene expression of ZnTs, mRNAs for MT1/2 were increased. Chronic AMI treatment did not influence protein levels of ZnTs and MT1/2 in Sham and OB rats; however decreased mRNA levels of ZnT4 and ZnT5 in PFC and ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4 and ZnT6 in Hp of Sham rats and normalized OB induced increase in MT1/2 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Changes in ZnTs and MT1/2 suggest altered cortical distribution of Zn in the OB model which further supports the hypothesis that Zn dyshomeostasis may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Satała G, Duszyńska B, Stachowicz K, Rafalo A, Pochwat B, Luckhart C, Albert PR, Daigle M, Tanaka KF, Hen R, Lenda T, Nowak G, Bojarski AJ, Szewczyk B. Concentration-Dependent Dual Mode of Zn Action at Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:6869-6881. [PMID: 26660328 PMCID: PMC5104769 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent data has indicated that Zn can modulate serotonergic function through the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR); however, the exact mechanisms are unknown. In the present studies, radioligand binding assays and behavioural approaches were used to characterize the pharmacological profile of Zn at 5-HT1ARs in more detail. The influence of Zn on agonist binding to 5-HT1ARs stably expressed in HEK293 cells was investigated by in vitro radioligand binding methods using the agonist [3H]-8-OH-DPAT. The in vivo effects of Zn were compared with those of 8-OH-DPAT in hypothermia, lower lip retraction (LLR), 5-HT behavioural syndrome and the forced swim (FST) tests. In the in vitro studies, biphasic effects, which involved allosteric potentiation of agonist binding at sub-micromolar Zn concentrations and inhibition at sub-millimolar Zn concentrations, were found. The in vivo studies showed that Zn did not induce LLR or elements of 5-HT behavioural syndrome but blocked such effects induced by 8-OH-DPAT. Zn decreased body temperature in rats and mice; however, Zn failed to induce hypothermia in the 5-HT1A autoreceptor knockout mice. In the FST, Zn potentiated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT. However, in the FST performed with the 5-HT1A autoreceptor knockout mice, the anti-immobility effect of Zn was partially blocked. Both the binding and behavioural studies suggest a concentration-dependent dual mechanism of Zn action at 5-HT1ARs, with potentiation at low dose and inhibition at high dose. Moreover, the in vivo studies indicate that Zn can modulate both presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1ARs; however, Zn's effects at presynaptic receptors seem to be more potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Satała
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Duszyńska
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rafalo
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Pochwat
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christine Luckhart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute , 451 Smyth Road #2464, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute , 451 Smyth Road #2464, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Daigle
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute , 451 Smyth Road #2464, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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Potential antidepressant-like properties of the TC G-1008, a GPR39 (zinc receptor) agonist. J Affect Disord 2016; 201:179-84. [PMID: 27235821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Some forms of depression appear to be more related to the glutamatergic system. G-coupled protein receptor 39 (GPR39) is the metabotropic zinc receptor, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and in the antidepressant response. Its deficiency abolishes the antidepressant response, which means that GPR39 is required to obtain a therapeutic effect in depression. This raises the possibility that agonists of the zinc receptor may have a role in antidepressant treatment. To explore this possibility we investigated animal behaviour in the forced swim test, the tail suspension test (to assess antidepressant-like properties), the light/dark test and the elevated plus maze test (to assess anxiolytic-like properties), following acute administration of a GPR39 agonist (TC G-1008). We found an antidepressant response (as measured by the forced swim test but not by the tail suspension test) in mice following the GPR39 agonist treatment. Additionally, we observed the opposite results in the light/dark box (decreased overall distance; increased time spent in the lit compartment; decreased time spent in the dark compartment; increased freezing time) and elevated plus maze (no significant changes), which may be a consequence of the sedative effect of TC G-1008. We also found hippocampal GPR39 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) up-regulation following administration of the GPR39 agonist, which may be undiscovered so far as a possible novel agent in the treatment of mood disorders.
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Poleszak E, Stasiuk W, Szopa A, Wyska E, Serefko A, Oniszczuk A, Wośko S, Świąder K, Wlaź P. Traxoprodil, a selective antagonist of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor, potentiates the antidepressant-like effects of certain antidepressant drugs in the forced swim test in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:803-14. [PMID: 26924124 PMCID: PMC4933725 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the newest substances, whose antidepressant activity was shown is traxoprodil, which is a selective antagonist of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of traxoprodil on animals' behavior using the forced swim test (FST), as well as the effect of traxoprodil (10 mg/kg) on the activity of antidepressants, such as imipramine (15 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), escitalopram (2 mg/kg) and reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg). Serotonergic lesion and experiment using the selective agonists of serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 was conducted to evaluate the role of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant action of traxoprodil. Brain concentrations of tested agents were determined using HPLC. The results showed that traxoprodil at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg exhibited antidepressant activity in the FST and it was not related to changes in animals' locomotor activity. Co-administration of traxoprodil with imipramine, fluoxetine or escitalopram, each in subtherapeutic doses, significantly affected the animals' behavior in the FST and, what is important, these changes were not due to the severity of locomotor activity. The observed effect of traxoprodil is only partially associated with serotonergic system and is independent of the effect on the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. The results of an attempt to assess the nature of the interaction between traxoprodil and the tested drugs show that in the case of joint administration of traxoprodil and fluoxetine, imipramine or escitalopram, there were interactions in the pharmacokinetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Weronika Stasiuk
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wośko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Demontis F, Serra G. Failure of memantine to “reverse” quinpirole-induced hypomotility. World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:215-220. [PMID: 27354963 PMCID: PMC4919260 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate antidepressant-like effect of memantine in a rat model.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally with either vehicle, memantine (10 mg/kg) or imipramine (20 mg/kg), for 3 wk. Twenty-four hour after the last treatment animals were challenged with quinpirole (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) and tested for motor activity. After 1 h habituation to the motility cages, the motor response was recorded for the following 45-min and the data were collected in 5-min time bins.
RESULTS: As expected, chronic treatment with imipramine potentiated the locomotor stimulant effect of quinpirole. On the contrary, chronic memantine administration failed to induce the behavioral supersensitivity to the dopamine agonist.
CONCLUSION: The results show that memantine, at variance with antidepressant treatments, fails to induce dopaminergic behavioral supersensitivity. This observation is consistent with the results of preclinical and clinical studies suggesting that memantine does not have an acute antidepressant action but does have an antimanic and mood-stabilizing effect.
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Roomruangwong C, Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Mahieu B, Nowak G, Maes M. Lower Serum Zinc and Higher CRP Strongly Predict Prenatal Depression and Physio-somatic Symptoms, Which All Together Predict Postnatal Depressive Symptoms. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1500-1512. [PMID: 26846364 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and delivery are associated with activation of immune-inflammatory pathways which may prime parturients to develop postnatal depression. There are, however, few data on the associations between immune-inflammatory pathways and prenatal depression and physio-somatic symptoms. This study examined the associations between serum zinc, C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin at the end of term and prenatal physio-somatic symptoms (fatigue, back pain, muscle pain, dyspepsia, obstipation) and prenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms as measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Zinc and haptoglobin were significantly lower and CRP increased at the end of term as compared with non-pregnant women. Prenatal depression was predicted by lower zinc and lifetime history of depression, anxiety, and premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS). The latter histories were also significantly and inversely related to lower zinc. The severity of prenatal EDPS, HAMD, BDI, STAI, and physio-somatic symptoms was predicted by fatigue in the first and second trimesters, a positive life history of depression, anxiety, and PMS, and lower zinc and higher CRP. Postnatal depressive symptoms are predicted by prenatal depression, physio-somatic symptoms, zinc and CRP. Prenatal depressive and physio-somatic symptoms have an immune-inflammatory pathophysiology, while postnatal depressive symptoms are highly predicted by prenatal immune activation, prenatal depression, and a lifetime history of depression and PMS. Previous episodes of depression, anxiety disorders, and PMS may prime pregnant females to develop prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms via activated immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Roomruangwong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boris Mahieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Antwerp Hospital Network, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil. .,Revitalis Clinic, Waalre, Netherlands. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Pascoe MC, Skoog I, Blomstrand C, Linden T. Albumin and depression in elderly stroke survivors: An observational cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:658-63. [PMID: 26520562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Post-stroke depression affects approximately one third of stroke survivors. In non-stroke affected populations, depressive symptomatology is associated with hypoalbuminemia. This is also common among stroke survivors and associated with poor outcome and increased mortality. The role of stroke-associated hypoalbuminemia in post-stroke depression is not clear. We aimed to explore the relationship between serum albumin and post-stroke depression, as measured 20 months post-stroke. SUBJECTS/METHODS Observational cohort study of elderly Swedish patients drawn from the 'Gothenburg 70+ Stroke Study' (n=149) and assessed at 20 months after stroke onset. Serum albumin was drawn from venous blood and analysed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and functional impairment was assessed using the Barthel Index. RESULTS Analysis of covariance analysis showed that serum albumin levels were associated with depressive symptoms at 20 months after stroke. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that disability scores at 3 days were associated with depressive symptoms at 20 months after stroke and after accounting for the age covariate. Stroke survivors were not clinically deficient in serum albumin. CONCLUSIONS Low serum albumin appears to be associated with depressive symptoms in elderly individuals long term post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C Pascoe
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Christian Blomstrand
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Linden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne-245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle-1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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Szewczyk B, Pochwat B, Rafało A, Palucha-Poniewiera A, Domin H, Nowak G. Activation of mTOR dependent signaling pathway is a necessary mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of zinc. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:517-26. [PMID: 26297535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid antidepressant response to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists is mediated by activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, an increase in the synthesis of synaptic proteins and formation of new synapses in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. Zinc (Zn), which is a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, exerts antidepressant-like effects in screening tests and models of depression. We focused these studies in investigating whether activation of the mTOR signaling pathway is also a necessary mechanism of the antidepressant-like activity of Zn. We observed that a single injection of Zn (5 mg/kg) induced an increase in the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K 30 min and 3 h after Zn treatment at time points when Zn produced also an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test (FST). Furthermore, Zn administered 3 h before the decapitation increased the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GluA1 and synapsin I. An elevated level of GluA1 and synapsin I was still observed 24 h after the Zn treatment, although Zn did not produce any effects in the FST at that time point. We also observed that pretreatment with rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), H-89 (PKA inhibitor) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor) blocked the antidepressant-like effect of Zn in FST in rats and blocks Zn-induced activation of mTOR signaling proteins (analyzed 30 min after Zn administration). These studies indicated that the antidepressant-like activity of Zn depends on the activation of mTOR signaling and other signaling pathways related to neuroplasticity, which can indirectly modulate mTOR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Palucha-Poniewiera
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Helena Domin
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Zinc, future mono/adjunctive therapy for depression: Mechanisms of antidepressant action. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:659-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zinc deficiency in rats is associated with up-regulation of hippocampal NMDA receptor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:254-63. [PMID: 25290638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Data indicated that zinc deficiency may contribute to the development of depression; however changes induced by zinc deficiency are not fully described. OBJECTIVES In the present paper we tested whether the dietary zinc restriction in rats causes alterations in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits in brain regions that are relevant to depression. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a zinc adequate diet (ZnA, 50 mg Zn/kg) or a zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 3 mg Zn/kg) for 4 or 6weeks. Then, the behavior of the rats was examined in the forced swim test, sucrose intake test and social interaction test. Western blot assays were used to study the alterations in NMDAR subunits GluN2A and GluN2B and proteins associated with NMDAR signaling in the hippocampus (Hp) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). RESULTS Following 4 or 6 weeks of zinc restriction, behavioral despair, anhedonia and a reduction of social behavior occurred in rats with concomitant increased expression of GluN2A and GluN2B and decreased expression of the PSD-95, p-CREB and BDNF protein levels in the Hp. The up-regulation of GluN2A protein was also found in the PFC, but only after prolonged (6 weeks) zinc deprivation. CONCLUSIONS The procedure of zinc restriction in rats causes behavioral changes that share some similarities to the pathophysiology of depression. Obtained data indicated that depressive-like behavior induced by zinc deficiency is associated with the changes in NMDAR signaling pathway.
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Low dietary intake of magnesium is associated with increased externalising behaviours in adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:1824-30. [PMID: 25373528 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adequate Zn and Mg intakes may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary intakes of Zn and Mg and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in a population-based cohort of adolescents. DESIGN Prospective analysis (general linear mixed models) of dietary intakes of Zn and Mg assessed using a validated FFQ and mental health symptoms assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR), adjusting for sex, physical activity, family income, supplement status, dietary misreporting, BMI, family functioning and energy intake. SETTING Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. SUBJECTS Adolescents (n 684) at the 14- and 17-year follow-ups. RESULTS Higher dietary intake of Mg (per SD increase) was significantly associated with reduced externalising behaviours (β = -1.45; 95% CI -2.40, -0.50; P = 0.003). There was a trend towards reduced externalising behaviours with higher Zn intake (per SD increase; β = -0.73; 95% CI -1.57, 0.10; P = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS The study shows an association between higher dietary Mg intake and reduced externalising behaviour problems in adolescents. We observed a similar trend, although not statistically significant, for Zn intake. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine any benefit of micronutrient supplementation in the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in adolescents.
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The role of NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:336-58. [PMID: 25218759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are chronic and recurrent illnesses that cause significant disability and affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Currently available biogenic amine treatments provide relief for many and yet fail to ameliorate symptoms for others, highlighting the need to diversify the search for new therapeutic strategies. Here we present recent evidence implicating the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The possible role of NMDARs in mood disorders has been supported by evidence demonstrating that: (i) both BPD and MDD are characterized by altered levels of central excitatory neurotransmitters; (ii) NMDAR expression, distribution, and function are atypical in patients with mood disorders; (iii) NMDAR modulators show positive therapeutic effects in BPD and MDD patients; and (iv) conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers can modulate NMDAR function. Taken together, this evidence suggests the NMDAR system holds considerable promise as a therapeutic target for developing next generation drugs that may provide more rapid onset relief of symptoms. Identifying the subcircuits involved in mood and elucidating the role of NMDARs subtypes in specific brain circuits would constitute an important step toward the development of more effective therapies with fewer side effects.
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Wolak M, Siwek A, Szewczyk B, Poleszak E, Pilc A, Popik P, Nowak G. Involvement of NMDA and AMPA receptors in the antidepressant-like activity of antidepressant drugs in the forced swim test. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:991-7. [PMID: 24145093 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of glutamate system (particularly the NMDA and AMPA receptors) in the mechanism of antidepressant activity was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effect of NMDA and AMPA receptors' ligands (agonists and antagonists) on the antidepressant-like activity of escitalopram, milnacipran, imipramine and reboxetine in the forced swim test in mice. RESULTS Antidepressant activity (reduction in immobility time) of escitalopram and milnacipran but not of imipramine and reboxetine was antagonized by N-methyl-D-aspartate acid. CGP37849 (antagonist of the NMDA receptor) enhanced the antidepressant activity of all examined antidepressants. On the other hand, CX614 (a potentiator/positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor) enhanced the antidepressant activity of imipramine and reboxetine but not of escitalopram and milnacipran in this test. NBQX (the AMPA receptor antagonist) did not influence the antidepressant activity of all tested agents. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate the complex interactions following the activation or blockade of the NMDA and AMPA receptors with antidepressant drugs. The general phenomenon is the enhancing effect of the NMDA receptor antagonism on the antidepressant activity. Moreover, is can be concluded that the activity of antidepressants with a serotonergic mechanism of action can be inhibited by NMDA activation, while antidepressants with a noradrenergic mechanism of action are dependent on AMPA receptor transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wolak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Involvement of prefrontal AMPA receptors in encounter stimulation-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:883-93. [PMID: 24405605 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that social encounter stimulation induces hyperactivity in mice reared in social isolation from early life and this is associated with the transient activation of prefrontal dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. In the present study, we examined the effect of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist 2, 3-dioxo-6-nitro-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX) on encounter-induced behavioural and neurochemical changes to study the role of the receptor in abnormal behaviours in isolation-reared mice. The encounter to an intruder mouse induced hyperactivity with transient increases in prefrontal dopamine and serotonin levels in isolation-reared mice. NBQX attenuated the encounter-induced hyperactivity and the associated neurochemical changes in isolation-reared mice. In addition, NBQX reduced aggressive behaviour and cognitive impairment in isolation-reared mice, but did not affect depressive-like behaviour or spontaneous hyper-locomotion in these animals. The AMPA receptor agonist (S)-AMPA increased prefrontal dopamine and serotonin release, and this effect was higher in isolation-reared mice than in the group-reared mice, suggesting higher prefrontal AMPA receptor activity in isolation-reared mice. Furthermore, isolation rearing increased the expression of AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1, GluR2 and GluR3) and GluR1 Ser845 phosphorylation in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus or nucleus accumbens. Taken together, these results suggest that an increase in AMPA receptor activity in the prefrontal cortex contributes to some, but not all, abnormal behaviours in isolation-reared mice.
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Młyniec K, Davies CL, de Agüero Sánchez IG, Pytka K, Budziszewska B, Nowak G. Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part I. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:534-44. [PMID: 24948052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essential elements are very important for the proper functioning of the human body. They are required for fundamental life processes such as cell division and differentiation and protein synthesis. Thus a deficiency of these essential elements is associated with an enormous health risk that can ultimately lead to death. In recent years, studies have provided valuable information on the involvement of essential elements in psychiatric disorders, in particular depression and anxiety. There is strong evidence indicating that deficiency of essential elements can lead to the development of depressive and/or anxiogenic behaviour and supplementation can enhance therapeutic effect of antidepressants and anxiolytics. This review presents the most important results from preclinical and clinical studies showing involvement of essential elements such as zinc, magnesium, lithium, iron, calcium and chromium in depression and anxiety. From these studies it is evident that different types of depression and anxiety respond to treatment at different receptors indicating that the underlying mechanisms are slightly different. Furthermore, administration of low dose antidepressants supplemented with an element is effective and can reduce unwanted side effects in different types of depression/anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Claire Linzi Davies
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Sowa-Kućma M, Szewczyk B, Sadlik K, Piekoszewski W, Trela F, Opoka W, Poleszak E, Pilc A, Nowak G. Zinc, magnesium and NMDA receptor alterations in the hippocampus of suicide victims. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:924-31. [PMID: 24055117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for an association between suicidal behavior and depression. Accumulating data suggests that depression is related to a dysfunction of the brain's glutamatergic system, and that the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays an important role in antidepressant activity. Zinc and magnesium, the potent antagonists of the NMDA receptor complex, are involved in the pathophysiology of depression and exhibit antidepressant activity. METHODS The present study investigated the potency of Zn(2+) and Mg(2+) to [(3)H] MK-801, which binds to the NMDA receptor channel in the hippocampus of suicide victims (n=17) and sudden death controls (n=6). Moreover, the concentrations of zinc and magnesium (by flame atomic absorption spectrometry) and levels of NMDA subunits (NR2A and NR2B) and PSD-95 protein (by Western blotting) were determined. RESULTS Our results revealed that there was a statistically significant decrease (by 29% and 40%) in the potency of zinc and magnesium (respectively) to inhibit [(3)H] MK-801 binding to NMDA receptors in the hippocampus in suicide tissue relative to the controls. These alterations were associated with increased NR2A (+68%) and decreases in both the NR2B (-46%) and PSD-95 (-35%) levels. Furthermore, lower concentrations (-9%) of magnesium (although not of zinc) were demonstrated in suicide tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that alterations in the zinc, magnesium and NMDA receptor complex in the hippocampus are potentially involved in the pathophysiology of suicide-related disorders (depression), which may lead to functional NMDA receptor hyperactivity.
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Poleszak E, Wośko S, Serefko A, Szopa A, Wlaź A, Szewczyk B, Nowak G, Wlaź P. Effects of ifenprodil on the antidepressant-like activity of NMDA ligands in the forced swim test in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:29-35. [PMID: 23774195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies clearly displayed implication of the NMDA receptors in development of depressive disorders since a variety of NMDA receptor antagonists exhibit an antidepressant-like effect. The main aim of our study was to assess the influence of ifenprodil - an allosteric modulator selectively binding at the NR2B subunit on the performance in the forced swim test in mice of various NMDA receptor ligands interacting with distinct components of the NMDA receptor complex. Ifenprodil at a dose of 10mg/kg enhanced the antidepressant-like effect of CGP 37849 (a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.312mg/kg), L-701,324 (an antagonist at glycine site, 1mg/kg), MK-801 (a non-competitive antagonist, 0.05mg/kg) and d-cycloserine (a partial agonist of a glycine site, 2.5mg/kg) but it did not shorten the immobility time of animals which concurrently received an inorganic modulator of the NMDA receptor complex, such as Zn(2+) (2.5mg/kg) or Mg(2+) (10mg/kg). On the other hand, the antidepressant-like effect of ifenprodil (20mg/kg) was reversed by N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (an agonist at the glutamate site, 75mg/kg) or d-serine (an agonist at the glycine site, 100nmol/mouse). In conclusion, the antidepressant-like potential of ifenprodil given concomitantly with NMDA ligands was either reinforced (in the case of both partial agonist and antagonists, except for magnesium and zinc) or diminished (in the case of conventional full agonists).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Hong SS, Cho SH. Antidepressant-like Effects of the Gastrodia elata Bl Extract in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7231/jon.2013.24.3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Szewczyk B. Zinc homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:33. [PMID: 23882214 PMCID: PMC3715721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element, whose importance to the function of the central nervous system (CNS) is increasingly being appreciated. Alterations in zinc dyshomeostasis has been suggested as a key factor in the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders. In the CNS, zinc occurs in two forms: the first being tightly bound to proteins and, secondly, the free, cytoplasmic, or extracellular form found in presynaptic vesicles. Under normal conditions, zinc released from the synaptic vesicles modulates both ionotropic and metabotropic post-synaptic receptors. While under clinical conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke or epilepsy, the excess influx of zinc into neurons has been found to result in neurotoxicity and damage to postsynaptic neurons. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence suggests that a deficiency, rather than an excess, of zinc leads to an increased risk for the development of neurological disorders. Indeed, zinc deficiency has been shown to affect neurogenesis and increase neuronal apoptosis, which can lead to learning and memory deficits. Altered zinc homeostasis is also suggested as a risk factor for depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), aging, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Under normal CNS physiology, homeostatic controls are put in place to avoid the accumulation of excess zinc or its deficiency. This cellular zinc homeostasis results from the actions of a coordinated regulation effected by different proteins involved in the uptake, excretion and intracellular storage/trafficking of zinc. These proteins include membranous transporters (ZnT and Zip) and metallothioneins (MT) which control intracellular zinc levels. Interestingly, alterations in ZnT and MT have been recently reported in both aging and AD. This paper provides an overview of both clinical and experimental evidence that implicates a dysfunction in zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology of depression, AD, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow, Poland
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Swardfager W, Herrmann N, McIntyre RS, Mazereeuw G, Goldberger K, Cha DS, Schwartz Y, Lanctôt KL. Potential roles of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:911-29. [PMID: 23567517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete response to monoaminergic antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD), and the phenomenon of neuroprogression, suggests a need for additional pathophysiological markers and pharmacological targets. Neuronal zinc is concentrated exclusively within glutamatergic neurons, acting as an allosteric modulator of the N-methyl D-aspartate and other receptors that regulate excitatory neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Zinc-containing neurons form extensive associational circuitry throughout the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus, which subserve mood regulation and cognitive functions. In animal models of depression, zinc is reduced in these circuits, zinc treatment has antidepressant-like effects and dietary zinc insufficiency induces depressive behaviors. Clinically, serum zinc is lower in MDD, which may constitute a state-marker of illness and a risk factor for treatment-resistance. Marginal zinc deficiency in MDD may relate to multiple putative mechanisms underlying core symptomatology and neuroprogression (e.g. immune dysfunction, monoamine metabolism, stress response dysregulation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, neurotrophic deficits, transcriptional/epigenetic regulation of neural networks). Initial randomized trials suggest a benefit of zinc supplementation. In summary, molecular and animal behavioral data support the clinical significance of zinc in the setting of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Swardfager
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Młyniec K, Budziszewska B, Reczyński W, Sowa-Kućma M, Nowak G. The role of the GPR39 receptor in zinc deficient-animal model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2012; 238:30-5. [PMID: 23089648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade it has been shown that zinc may activate neural transmissions via the GPR39 Zn(2+)-sensing receptor, which can be involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity. According to the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in depressed patients play a key role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. BDNF, similarly as zinc, is known to be involved in the process of neuron survival and the regulation of neuronal plasticity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the administration of a 6-week diet deficient in zinc would cause depressive-like behaviour and if such behavioural alterations would correlate with changes in the expression of the BDNF protein and GPR39 receptor. In the first part of the present study the animal behaviour after a 6-week zinc-deficient diet, in the forced swim test (FST) was investigated. In the second part expression of the GPR39 and BDNF protein level in the frontal cortex was measured using the Western Blot method. Administration of a zinc-deficient diet for 6 weeks increased immobility time in the FST by 24%, so exerted depression-like behaviour. A biochemical study showed a significant reduction in GPR39 (by 53%) and BDNF (by 49%) protein expression in the frontal cortex in mice receiving the zinc deficient diet for 6 weeks. Our study provides evidence that the GPR39 Zn(2+)-sensing receptor may be responsible for lowering the BDNF protein level and in consequence may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-0688 Kraków, Poland.
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Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Pilc A. Involvement of mGlu5 and NMDA receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of acamprosate in the tail suspension test. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:102-6. [PMID: 22651960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that modulation of glutamatergic system via NMDA receptors and mGlu5 receptors might be an effective antidepressant therapy. However, clinical application of NMDA and mGlu5 antagonists in the therapy of depression is still an open question. In the present study we investigated potential antidepressant-like effect of a functional NMDA and mGlu5 receptor antagonist, acamprosate, which has been used in the therapy of human alcoholics as an anti-craving drug for more than 20 years and is considered as a safe substance. We have found potential antidepressant-like effect of acamprosate at doses of 100-400 mg/kg in the TST in C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore we have shown that the antidepressant-like effect of acamprosate used at a dose of 200 mg/kg was dependent on NMDA and mGlu5 receptor blockade, since NMDA (25 mg/kg) and mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulator, CDPPB (3 mg/kg), antagonized its activity in the TST. These data suggest that acamprosate may induce antidepressant-like effect and that NMDA and mGlu5 receptors are crucial targets of acamprosate in this action.
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The involvement of AMPA–ERK1/2–BDNF pathway in the mechanism of new antidepressant action of prokinetic meranzin hydrate. Amino Acids 2012; 44:413-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gower-Winter SD, Levenson CW. Zinc in the central nervous system: From molecules to behavior. Biofactors 2012; 38:186-93. [PMID: 22473811 PMCID: PMC3757551 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The trace metal zinc is a biofactor that plays essential roles in the central nervous system across the lifespan from early neonatal brain development through the maintenance of brain function in adults. At the molecular level, zinc regulates gene expression through transcription factor activity and is responsible for the activity of dozens of key enzymes in neuronal metabolism. At the cellular level, zinc is a modulator of synaptic activity and neuronal plasticity in both development and adulthood. Given these key roles, it is not surprising that alterations in brain zinc status have been implicated in a wide array of neurological disorders including impaired brain development, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, and mood disorders including depression. Zinc has also been implicated in neuronal damage associated with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and seizure. Understanding the mechanisms that control brain zinc homeostasis is thus critical to the development of preventive and treatment strategies for these and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. Gower-Winter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cathy W. Levenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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