1
|
Dong C, Chen H, Li Y, Sun Y, Pan Y, Xu Q, Sun H. Patterns of Health-Risk Behaviours and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Young Adults by Gender: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258922. [PMID: 38842056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in health-risk behaviour patterns among young adults and assessed the associations of anxiety and depression with these patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1740 young Chinese adults aged 18-24 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the clusters of health-risk behaviours and their associations with anxiety and depression. Three common patterns were found for both genders: physical inactivity, substance use, and insufficient fruit intake (5.7% for males [M] and 11.6% for females [F]); a sedentary lifestyle only (48.4% for M and 48.9% for F); and a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and an unhealthy diet (7.6% for M and 20.0% for F). Additionally, two additional unique patterns were found: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet in males (38.3%) and physical inactivity and insufficient fruit intake in females (19.6%). Sociodemographic variables exert different effects on health-risk behaviour patterns as a function of gender. Lower anxiety levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.823-0.966) and greater depression levels (OR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.008-1.143) were associated with a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and unhealthy diet class only in female young adults compared with a sedentary-only class. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of targeted interventions based on gender differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Informatics Center, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paulich KN, Freis SM, Dokuru DR, Alexander JD, Vrieze SI, Corley RP, McGue M, Hewitt JK, Stallings MC. Exploring Relationships Between Internalizing Problems and Risky Sexual Behavior: A Twin Study. Behav Genet 2023; 53:331-347. [PMID: 37165251 PMCID: PMC11138211 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous research links risky sexual behavior (RSB) to externalizing problems and to substance use, but little research has been conducted on relationships between internalizing problems (INT) and RSB. The current study addresses that literature gap, using both a twin sample from Colorado (N = 2567) and a second twin sample from Minnesota (N = 1131) in attempt to replicate initial results. We explored the hypothesis that the latent variable INT would be more strongly associated with the latent variable RSB for females than for males, examining relationships between INT and RSB via phenotypic confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate twin analyses. We found a small but significant phenotypic association between the latent variables. However, despite using two large twin samples, limited power restricted our ability to identify the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying this association. Our sex differences hypothesis was not fully supported in either sample and requires further investigation. Our findings illustrate the complexity of the relationship between internalizing problems and risky sexual behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie N Paulich
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Samantha M Freis
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Deepika R Dokuru
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Scott I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee H, Lee BG. Associations Between Gender-Specific Substance Use Patterns and Mental Health Among Adolescents in the Republic of Korea: A Latent Class Analysis. J Addict Nurs 2023; 34:186-196. [PMID: 37669338 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although gender differences in adolescent substance use are complex and substance use accompanies mental health problems, most previous studies have focused on gender-specific association between single substance use and mental health. This study aimed to investigate gender-specific substance use patterns and to examine their association with mental health characteristics. METHODS Nationally representative data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey collected in 2018 were analyzed. To identify substance use patterns among male adolescents (n = 30,463) and female adolescents (n = 29,577), multiple-group latent class analysis was conducted using eight substance use indicators. In addition, we conducted a latent class analysis with covariates to examine the association between substance use patterns and mental health characteristics. RESULTS Among both gender samples, the four-class model best fit the data: nonusers (86.4%), frequent smokers (2.9%), risky drinkers (7.1%), and heavy tobacco and alcohol users with lifetime heated tobacco product use (3.6%) for male adolescents, and nonusers (89.8%), frequent smokers (0.5%), risky drinkers (8.0%), and heavy tobacco and alcohol users with a drunkenness episode (1.7%) for female adolescents. Depression, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts predicted the latent class model for both genders. In addition, stress level predicted the latent class model for female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that homogeneous patterns of substance use by gender are differentially associated with mental health problems. Therefore, health professionals should develop interventions tailored to gender-specific substance use patterns, taking into account the mental health characteristics of each pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- Haein Lee, PhD, RN, and Bo Gyeong Lee, PhD, RN, College of Nursing, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sex Differences in the Pathways from Exposure to Parental Fighting to Risky Sexual Activities Among Adolescents in Urban Neighborhoods. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:424-433. [PMID: 34655424 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescents' exposure to violence between parents acts as a precursor to risky behaviors; however, empirical studies that examined the potential pathways from exposure to violence between parents to risky behaviors are rare. Consequently, the prevention and intervention strategies for risky sexual activities are limited without the identification of malleable mediators. METHODS Mediators on the association between adolescent exposure to parental fighting and risky sexual activities are examined, which include internalizing behaviors, running away from home, and affiliation with risky peers. Relationships between these variables are examined for males and females separately. The sample consists of 673 adolescents in a neighborhood located in Chicago's Southside who completed a survey. RESULTS Exposure to parental fighting was not directly associated with risky sexual activities for either males or females. However, among females, exposure to parental fighting was significantly and positively related to internalizing behaviors and running away from home, and internalizing behaviors were also positively associated with running away from home. For males, however, only the association between internalizing behaviors and running away from home was found to be significant. Further, the relationship between exposure to parental fighting and risky sexual activities was mediated by running away from home. CONCLUSIONS Targeted strategies for prevention are critical for improving sexual health outcomes among adolescents in low-resourced urban neighborhoods.
Collapse
|
5
|
Baiden P, Jahan N, Mets VE, Adeku Y. An examination of the association between risky sexual behaviors and suicidal behaviors among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Risky sexual behaviour among Russian adolescents: association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:40. [PMID: 34372880 PMCID: PMC8353740 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky sexual behaviour (RSB) is regarded as a major health problem during adolescence. Russia has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy, abortion and newly diagnosed HIV infections in the world, but research on RSB in Russian youth has been limited. To address this deficit, this study examined the role of several factors, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in RSB among Russian adolescents. METHODS Self-reported data were collected from 2573 Russian adolescents aged 13-17 years old (59.4 % girls; Mean age = 14.89) regarding RSB (unprotected sex, early pregnancy, multiple sexual partners and substance use during sexual encounters). Information was also obtained on externalizing (conduct problems and delinquent behaviour) and internalizing (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress) symptoms, as well as interpersonal risk and protective factors (affiliation with delinquent peers, parental involvement and teacher support). Hierarchical multiple binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between these variables and RSB. RESULTS Boys reported engaging in more RSB than girls. Externalizing symptoms and affiliation with delinquent peers were most strongly associated with RSB, whereas symptoms of anxiety were negatively associated with RSB. There was an interaction effect for sex and affiliation with delinquent peers on RSB with boys reporting RSB when having more delinquent peers. Neither parental involvement nor teacher support were protective against RSB. CONCLUSIONS Early detection of and interventions for RSB and associated externalizing symptoms may be important for adolescent physical and mental wellbeing. Affiliation with delinquent peers should, especially among boys, be regarded as a risk marker for RSB.
Collapse
|
7
|
Stokłosa I, Stokłosa M, Porwolik M, Bugajski M, Więckiewicz G, Piegza M, Męcik-Kronenberg T, Gorczyca P. Analysis of High-Risk Sexual Behavior among Polish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3737. [PMID: 33918452 PMCID: PMC8038304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-risk sexual behavior consists of activities and habits that put a person at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unplanned pregnancy. Poland is currently experiencing a problem with increased STI rates, largely due to poor sexual education. Our exploratory study aims to evaluate the sexual behavior of students attending universities across Poland. The study covered 7678 students from 50 different faculties and universities across the country. The authors created an original questionnaire which consists of 31 questions which, among others, included demographic factors, sexual initiation, high-risk sexual behavior, STI's and religious beliefs. 78% of students have participated in sexual activity, among them 19% of students had 'casual sex' consisting of intercourse without the use of a condom, 27% had participated in sexual intercourse after the consumption of alcohol. Our study found that students who are influenced by religious belief tend to engage in sexual activity into their later years. The groups most exposed to the consequences of risky sexual behavior are mostly homosexual men, bisexual women, art students, and military students. Alcohol consumption is a strong factor contributing to risky sexual behavior. Sexual education in Poland should be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iga Stokłosa
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Maciej Stokłosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mulitidisciplinary Hospital, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Porwolik
- University Clinical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Gniewko Więckiewicz
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Magdalena Piegza
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Piotr Gorczyca
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Houle B, Yu ST, Angotti N, Schatz E, Kabudula CW, Gómez-Olivé FX, Clark SJ, Menken J, Mojola SA. Clusters of HIV Risk and Protective Sexual Behaviors in Agincourt, Rural South Africa: Findings from the Ha Nakekela Population-Based Study of Ages 15 and Older. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:2057-2068. [PMID: 32232623 PMCID: PMC7321875 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how sexual behaviors cluster in distinct population subgroups along the life course is critical for effective targeting and tailoring of HIV prevention messaging and intervention activities. We examined interrelatedness of sexual behaviors and variation between men and women across a wide age range in a rural South African setting with a high HIV burden. Data come from the Ha Nakekela population-based survey of people aged 15-85-plus drawn from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System. We used latent class analysis of six sexual behavior indicators to identify distinct subgroup sexual behavior clusters. We then examined associations between class membership and sociodemographic and other behavioral risk factors and assessed the accuracy of a reduced set of sexual behavior indicators to classify individuals into latent classes. We identified three sexual behavior classes: (1) single with consistent protective behaviors; (2) risky behaviors; and (3) in union with lack of protective behaviors. Patterns of sexual behaviors varied by gender. Class membership was also associated with age, HIV status, nationality, and alcohol use. With only two sexual behavior indicators (union status and multiple sexual partners), individuals were accurately assigned to their most likely predicted class. There were distinct multidimensional sexual behavior clusters in population subgroups that varied by sex, age, and HIV status. In this population, only two brief questions were needed to classify individuals into risk classes. Replication in other situations is needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Houle
- School of Demography, The Australian National University, #9 Fellows Road, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Shao-Tzu Yu
- School of Demography, The Australian National University, #9 Fellows Road, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nicole Angotti
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Sociology and Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Enid Schatz
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel J Clark
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jane Menken
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sanyu A Mojola
- Department of Sociology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, and Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Welsh JW, Mataczynski M, Sarvey DB, Zoltani JE. Management of Complex Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders and High-Risk Behaviors in Adolescence. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2020; 18:139-149. [PMID: 33162851 PMCID: PMC7587883 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents often present to treatment with multiple psychiatric diagnoses. The presence of certain co-occurring mental health conditions can significantly affect an individual's treatment course. Adolescence is also a time of developmentally appropriate risk taking and experimenting with novel behaviors. Difficulties in accurate diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options create obstacles to helping this vulnerable patient population. Appropriate management of adolescents' complex symptoms and high-risk behaviors during a developmentally sensitive period can be challenging, even for the most skilled of clinicians. This article focuses on the assessment and management of complex, co-occurring psychiatric disorders during adolescence, with specific guidance on how to manage high-risk behaviors, such as self-harm and suicidality. Controversial topics, including antidepressants and youth suicide risk, as well as "off-label" use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| | - Maggie Mataczynski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| | - Dana B Sarvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| | - Jessica E Zoltani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Welsh and Mataczynski); Adolescent Acute Residential Treatment, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts (Sarvey); Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Zoltani)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perrotte JK, Baumann MR, Garza RT, Hale WJ. The combined relations of gender, enculturation, and depressive symptoms with health risk behaviors in Mexican-Americans: a moderated mediation analysis. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:47-64. [PMID: 29086591 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1395813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study investigated the relationships of enculturation and depressive symptoms with health risk behavior engagement in Mexican-American college students and examined how these relationships differed by gender. Previous research has noted consistent gender differences in health risk behavior (e.g. alcohol use, substance use, and risky sexual behavior) among Latina/os, and emphasized the role of U.S. acculturation in this difference. Research examining the role of heritage cultural retention (i.e. enculturation), and including the added influence of mental health variables, such as depressive symptoms, is currently lacking. This study sought to address this gap.Design: A large sample (N = 677) of Mexican-American college students from four universities (located in New York, California, Florida, and Texas) completed an online questionnaire assessing health risk behaviors and corresponding variables.Results: We found that males who endorsed more behavioral enculturation and depressive symptoms were more likely to engage in health risk behavior than all others in the sample. Contrary to previous literature, no relationship was found between behavioral enculturation and health risk behavior in females.Conclusion: The current study found behavioral enculturation to be associated with depressive symptoms, and in turn with health risk behaviors among the males in our sample. Additional research will be needed to identify the mechanism underlying the relationship between enculturation and depressive symptoms as well as between depressive symptoms and risky behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Baumann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond T Garza
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Willie J Hale
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anhedonia, screen time, and substance use in early adolescents: A longitudinal mediation analysis. J Adolesc 2019; 78:24-32. [PMID: 31812941 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screen time is associated with substance use risk among adolescents; however, less is known about the underlying factors that explain this association. METHODS This research examined anhedonia, a facet of depression noted by the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, as a mediating factor in the relationship between screen time (hours spent watching television, using internet, and/or playing video games outside of school) and substance use (alcohol and/or cigarettes). We used a longitudinal survey design among a sample of students aged 9-11 years in the 4th to 6th grades in Southern California, United States of America [N = 709 (354 males)]. RESULTS Structural equation modeling (SEM) findings revealed longitudinal mediation effects of anhedonia on the association between screen time and substance use, while controlling for baseline screen time, baseline individual and peer substance use, race/ethnicity, and gender. Moderation analysis based on a multiple-group approach revealed that gender was not a significant moderator of this mediation pathway. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents may become desensitized and exhibit a blunted response to hedonic effects from increased screen time. This may result in increased anhedonia and greater risk for substance use through the need to compensate for the reduced experience of rewards. These findings have implications for future school-based substance use prevention and intervention programs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tesfaye Y, Negash A, Gebrehiwot TT, Tessema W, Anand S, Ahmed G, Alemu D. Is There Association between Risky Sexual Behaviors and Depression Symptoms among Youth? A Case of Jimma University Students, Ethiopia. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2019; 2019:3757656. [PMID: 31355242 PMCID: PMC6632499 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3757656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky Sexual Behaviors (RSB) and Depression symptoms expose young people to various reproductive health problems including sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. To date the link between these two major public health problems lacks empirical evidence in the context of higher education institutions in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess association between risky sexual behavior and depression symptoms among Jimma University main campus students, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2016. METHODS An institution based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted. A pre-tested questionnaire and modified Beck Depression Inventory II were administered to 700 students, selected by multi-stage stratified sampling, from the main campus of Jimma University. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze possible confounders. Presence of crude association between the dependent and independent variables was detected by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression to exclude the confounders. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were computed to examine depression symptoms and other independent variables as predictors of RSB. RESULTS RSB were reported by 30.2% students. Out of 222 (33.6%) students with depression symptoms 105 (47.3%) reported RSB. Students with moderate depression symptoms are nearly two times more likely to experience risky sexual behavior than students with no depression symptoms (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1-3.1). Students with severe depression symptoms are nearly two and half times more likely to experience RSB than students with no depression symptoms counterparts (AOR 2.6, 95%CI: 1.3- 5.1). CONCLUSION RSB were high among students with depression symptoms in the main campus of Jimma University. To help students overcome the challenges, recommendation was given for concerted action from the University, governmental and NGO, and the surrounding community to establish support services and various reproductive and mental health awareness programs within the campus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Susan Anand
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Ahmed
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mwangi C, Karanja S, Gachohi J, Wanjihia V, Ngang'a Z. Depression, injecting drug use, and risky sexual behavior syndemic among women who inject drugs in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey. Harm Reduct J 2019; 16:35. [PMID: 31146748 PMCID: PMC6543607 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-019-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting drug use (IDU) is a key driver of the HIV epidemic particularly when individuals experience psychosocial conditions and risky sexual behavior in a syndemic manner. This study sets out to assess evidence of a syndemic pattern of psychosocial conditions (IDU, depression, intimate partner violence (IPV)) on one the hand and risky sexual behavior on the other while accounting for the socio-economic disadvantage among women who inject drugs (WWID) in low-income urban settings in Kenya. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, this study recruited 306 WWIDs from two sites in Nairobi between January 2017 and July 2017. Multiple methodologies including descriptive analyses of co-occurrences of psychosocial conditions at the individual level, standard logistic regression analyses to examine relationships and interactions within and between psychosocial conditions and risky sexual behavior, and classification trees algorithm for predictive modeling via machine learning were employed. RESULTS The prevalence of the psychosocial conditions was as follows: IDU, 88%; depression, 77.1%; and IPV, 84%. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 69.3%. IDU and depression were related to each other (P < 0.05) and each of them with risky sexual behavior (P < 0.05). The highest 2-way and 3-way co-occurrence of conditions were reported in IDU and depression (72%) and in IDU, depression, and risky sexual behavior (62%), respectively, indicating clustering of the conditions at the individual level. Further, each additional psychosocial condition (IDU and depression) was associated with sixfold odds (P = 0.000) of having risky sexual behavior suggesting a dose-response relationship. Logistic regression analyses incorporating multiplicative interactive effects returned three significant variables (P < 0.05): IDU*depression interaction effect, "Age when delivered the first child," and "Income." Classification tree modeling represented a 5-level interaction analysis with IDU and depression predicted to have the highest influence on risky sexual behavior. CONCLUSION Findings provide possible evidence of a syndemic pattern involving IDU, depression, and risky sexual behavior suggesting the need for an integrated approach to the implementation of harm reduction interventions among WWID in low-income urban settings in Kenya. This work highlights the need for further studies to authenticate the findings and to characterize pathways in the syndemic development in WWID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mwangi
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya.,Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Simon Karanja
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - John Gachohi
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya. .,Washington State University - Global Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Violet Wanjihia
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reid A, Halgunseth LC, Espinosa-Hernandez G, Vasilenko SA. Sociocultural Influences on the Association Between Negative Romantic Experiences and Psychological Maladjustment in Mexican Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:888-901. [PMID: 29392779 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine whether cultural values (familismo, female virginity) and gender moderated the associations between negative romantic experiences and psychological maladjustment (depressive, anxiety symptoms) in a sample of Mexican adolescents. Self-report survey data were collected from 973 adolescents (M = 15.14 years old; 56% girls) in Mexico. Findings revealed more depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents who reported more negative romantic experiences. These associations were stronger for female adolescents reporting greater beliefs of familismo and female virginity. Mental health practitioners may consider negative romantic experiences and cultural values when working with Mexican adolescents.
Collapse
|
15
|
Casola AR, Nelson DB, Patterson F. Sex Differences in Contraception Non-Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:641-649. [PMID: 28766314 PMCID: PMC5707118 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contraception non-use among sexually active adolescents is a major cause of unintended pregnancy (UP). METHODS In this cross-sectional study we sought to identify overall and sex-specific correlates of contraception non-use using the 2015 Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) (N = 9540). Multivariate regression models were used to examine mental health, sexual activity, substance use, and violence indicators on reported contraception non-use among sexually active youth. RESULTS Marijuana use among boys and girls was a statistically significant risk factor for contraception non-use. Availability of illegal drugs on school property in the past year was also significantly related to contraception non-use among boys. CONCLUSIONS These results may inform overall and sex-specific adolescent programs to promote consistent contraception use among urban youth within school-based communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Casola
- Graduate Research Assistant, Temple University, College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Deborah B. Nelson
- Associate Professor, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Freda Patterson
- Assistant Professor, University of Delaware, Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, 26 N. College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wesche R, Kreager DA, Lefkowitz ES, Siennick SE. Early Sexual Initiation and Mental Health: A Fleeting Association or Enduring Change? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:611-627. [PMID: 28776829 PMCID: PMC5546176 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present research examined how the within-person association between sexual initiation and internalizing symptoms decays over time, using data with annual measurement occasions across adolescence (N = 1,789) and statistical models of within-person change. Sexual initiation was associated with increased levels of internalizing symptoms for early-initiating girls (ninth grade, approximately age 15), but not for on-time-initiating girls or for boys. The association between girls' early sexual initiation and internalizing symptoms declined precipitously over time. Indeed, 1 year after sexual debut, early-initiating girls were similar to on-time or noninitiating girls on internalizing symptoms, suggesting early sexual initiation does not produce lasting detriments to girls' mental health. Findings inform how researchers perceive sexual initiation, both as a developmental milestone and as a prevention target.
Collapse
|
17
|
Richardson LP, McCarty CA, Radovic A, Suleiman AB. Research in the Integration of Behavioral Health for Adolescents and Young Adults in Primary Care Settings: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2017; 60:261-269. [PMID: 28087267 PMCID: PMC5973784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition that behavioral and medical health conditions are frequently intertwined, the existing health care system divides management for these issues into separate settings. This separation results in increased barriers to receipt of care and contributes to problems of underdetection, inappropriate diagnosis, and lack of treatment engagement. Adolescents and young adults with mental health conditions have some of the lowest rates of treatment for their conditions of all age groups. Integration of behavioral health into primary care settings has the potential to address these barriers and improve outcomes for adolescents and young adults. In this paper, we review the current research literature for behavioral health integration in the adolescent and young adult population and make recommendations for needed research to move the field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Richardson
- University of Washington Department of Pediatrics,Seattle Children’s Research Institute Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development
| | - Carolyn A. McCarty
- University of Washington Department of Pediatrics,Seattle Children’s Research Institute Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development
| | - Ana Radovic
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mental health and health-related quality of life of Chinese college students who were the victims of dating violence. Qual Life Res 2016; 26:945-957. [PMID: 27660071 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to evaluate the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Chinese college students who were the victims of dating violence. METHODS Six hundred and fifty-two subjects were included in the data analysis. Subjects completed a structured questionnaire containing the Woman Abuse Screening tool, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS Analysis by independent t test suggested that victims of dating violence had more severe depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms and poorer HRQOL than non-victims. Multiple linear regression models found that more severe dating violence victimization was associated with more severe depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms. The mediation analysis found that after simultaneously controlling for the degree of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, the direct effect between dating violence severity and HRQOL, as measured by overall HRQOL and the global health, physical and environment domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, was statistically insignificant, supporting a full-mediation model. The relationship between dating violence severity and the social domain of HRQOL was partially mediated by the degree of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms. CONCLUSION Victims of dating violence had poorer mental health and HRQOL than non-victims. The study findings affirm the importance of assessing depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms in victims and the need to improve their depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms to diminish the negative effects of dating violence, which are apparent in their HRQOL.
Collapse
|
19
|
Schwinn TM, Schinke SP, Hopkins J, Thom B. Risk and protective factors associated with adolescent girls' substance use: Data from a nationwide Facebook sample. Subst Abus 2016; 37:564-570. [PMID: 27648525 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1154495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite overall reductions in teenage substance use, adolescent girls' rates of substance use remain unacceptably high. This article examines whether girls' substance use is associated with general risk and protective factors (goal setting, problem solving, refusal skills, peer use, and self-efficacy) and gender-specific risk and protective factors (communication style, coping skills, self-esteem, body image, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression). METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected in 2013 via online surveys from a nationwide sample of adolescent girls (N = 788), aged 13 and 14 years, who were recruited through Facebook. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, controlling for correlates of adolescent substance use, 11 of the 13 general and gender-specific risk and protective factors were consistently associated with past-month alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use in the expected direction; past-month marijuana use was associated with 8 of the 13 factors. Refusal skills, peer use, coping, and depressive mood were most consistently and strongly associated with substance use. CONCLUSIONS Substance abuse prevention programs targeting adolescent girls should focus on such general risk and protective factors as problem solving, refusal skills, peer influences, and self-efficacy, as well as such gender-specific risk and protective factors as communication style, coping, self-esteem, body image, perceived stress, and mood management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Traci M Schwinn
- a Columbia University School of Social Work , New York , New York , USA
| | - Steven P Schinke
- a Columbia University School of Social Work , New York , New York , USA
| | - Jessica Hopkins
- a Columbia University School of Social Work , New York , New York , USA
| | - Bridgette Thom
- a Columbia University School of Social Work , New York , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dickenson JA, Huebner DM. The Relationship Between Sexual Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth: Effects of Gender and Family Support. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:671-681. [PMID: 26067299 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable debate over whether adolescent sexual activity is maladaptive and associated with worse mental health outcomes versus a positive developmental milestone that is associated with better mental health outcomes. Although these perspectives are often pitted against one another, the current study employed a more integrative perspective: adolescent sexual activity may be maladaptive in certain contexts, but healthy in other contexts. We investigated whether family support and gender moderated the relation between sexual activity and mental health outcomes in a diverse sample of 519 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth. Specifically, we examined whether youth who engaged in more sexual activity would have fewer depressive symptoms in the context of a more supportive family environment, but more depressive symptoms in the context of a less supportive family environment and whether this effect was stronger for sexual minority girls. Consistent with the sexual health perspective, we found that among girls with more family support, those who engaged in more frequent same-sex sexual contact had lower levels of depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, we found that among boys with more family support, those who engaged in more frequent same-sex sexual contact had higher levels of depressive symptoms. In contrast, girls and boys with less family support showed no relation between sexual activity and depressive symptoms. Overall, results suggest that context is critical when determining whether same-sex sexual contact among LGB youth should be considered maladaptive or beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna A Dickenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East, Room 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0251, USA.
| | - David M Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East, Room 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0251, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Field N, Prah P, Mercer CH, Rait G, King M, Cassell JA, Tanton C, Heath L, Mitchell KR, Clifton S, Datta J, Wellings K, Johnson AM, Sonnenberg P. Are depression and poor sexual health neglected comorbidities? Evidence from a population sample. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010521. [PMID: 27009148 PMCID: PMC4809090 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between sexual behaviour, sexual function and sexual health service use of individuals with depression in the British general population, to inform primary care and specialist services. SETTING British general population. PARTICIPANTS 15,162 men and women aged 16-74 years were interviewed for the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), undertaken in 2010-2012. Using age-adjusted ORs (aAOR), relative to a comparator group reporting no treatment or symptoms, we compared the sexual health of those reporting treatment for depression in the past year. OUTCOME MEASURES Sexual risk behaviour, sexual function, sexual satisfaction and sexual health service use. RESULTS 1331 participants reported treatment for depression (5.2% men; 11.8% women). Relative to the comparator group, treatment for depression was associated with reporting 2 or more sexual partners without condoms (men aAOR 2.07 (95% CI 1.38 to 3.10); women 2.22 (1.68 to 2.92)), and concurrent partnerships (men 1.80 (1.18 to 2.76); women 2.06 (1.48 to 2.88)), in the past year. Those reporting depression treatment were more likely to be dissatisfied with their sex lives (men 2.32 (1.74 to 3.11); women 2.30 (1.89 to 2.79)), and to score in the lowest quintile on the Natsal-sexual function measure. They were also more likely to report a recent chlamydia test (men 1.92 (1.15 to 3.20)); women (1.27 (1.01 to 1.60)), and to have sought help regarding their sex life from a healthcare professional (men 2.92 (1.98 to 4.30); women (2.36 (1.83 to 3.04)), most commonly from a family doctor. Women only were more likely to report attending a sexual health clinic (1.91 (1.42 to 2.58)) and use of emergency contraception (1.98 (1.23 to 3.19)). Associations were broadly similar for individuals with depressive symptoms but not reporting treatment. CONCLUSIONS Depression, measured by reported treatment, was strongly associated with sexual risk behaviours, reduced sexual function and increased use of sexual health services, with many people reporting help doing so from a family doctor. The sexual health of depressed people needs consideration in primary care, and mental health assessment might benefit people attending sexual health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Field
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Philip Prah
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael King
- Division of Psychiatry (Faculty of Brain Sciences), UCL, London, UK
| | - Jackie A Cassell
- Division of Primary Care and Public Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Laura Heath
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jessica Datta
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kaye Wellings
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magidson JF, Dietrich J, Otwombe KN, Sikkema KJ, Katz IT, Gray GE. Psychosocial correlates of alcohol and other substance use among low-income adolescents in peri-urban Johannesburg, South Africa: A focus on gender differences. J Health Psychol 2016. [PMID: 26936502 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316628739.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and other drug use is prevalent among peri-urban, South African adolescents. We identified correlates of alcohol and other drug use by gender among adolescents (age = 16-18 years; N = 822) in peri-urban Johannesburg. Interviewer-administered surveys assessed sexual activity, alcohol and other drug use, and relevant psychosocial factors. In separate logistic regression models of alcohol and other drug use stratified by gender, violence exposure and sexual activity were associated with alcohol use for both males and females. For females only, depressive symptoms were associated with drug use. For males only, being older and sexually active were associated with drug use. Substance use interventions for South African adolescents should consider psychological health, sexual health, and tailoring by gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Magidson
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janan Dietrich
- 2 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kennedy N Otwombe
- 2 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen J Sikkema
- 3 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ingrid T Katz
- 4 Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenda E Gray
- 2 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Magidson JF, Dietrich J, Otwombe KN, Sikkema KJ, Katz IT, Gray GE. Psychosocial correlates of alcohol and other substance use among low-income adolescents in peri-urban Johannesburg, South Africa: A focus on gender differences. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1415-1425. [PMID: 26936502 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316628739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and other drug use is prevalent among peri-urban, South African adolescents. We identified correlates of alcohol and other drug use by gender among adolescents (age = 16-18 years; N = 822) in peri-urban Johannesburg. Interviewer-administered surveys assessed sexual activity, alcohol and other drug use, and relevant psychosocial factors. In separate logistic regression models of alcohol and other drug use stratified by gender, violence exposure and sexual activity were associated with alcohol use for both males and females. For females only, depressive symptoms were associated with drug use. For males only, being older and sexually active were associated with drug use. Substance use interventions for South African adolescents should consider psychological health, sexual health, and tailoring by gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Magidson
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janan Dietrich
- 2 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kennedy N Otwombe
- 2 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen J Sikkema
- 3 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ingrid T Katz
- 4 Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenda E Gray
- 2 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hammerslag LR, Gulley JM. Sex differences in behavior and neural development and their role in adolescent vulnerability to substance use. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:15-26. [PMID: 25882721 PMCID: PMC4603997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are especially prone to risky behavior and to the emergence of psychological disorders like substance abuse, anxiety and depression. However, there is a sex (or gender) difference in this vulnerability, with females being more prone to developing internalizing disorders and males being more likely to engage in risky behavior and drug use. While several researchers have proposed that there is a relationship between corticolimbic circuit development and adolescent vulnerability, the current proposed models do not take sex differences into account. In this review, we explore recent findings from both human and rodent studies of sex differences during adolescence. In particular, we consider epidemiological studies on the factors that contribute to the development of substance abuse and internalizing disorders, laboratory studies on reward-related and decision-making behavior, and neuroanatomical studies on the development of several structures in the corticolimbic circuit (i.e., prefrontal cortex [PFC], amygdala and striatum). We then integrate these recent findings into models of adolescent vulnerability to substance use that have previously not addressed sex differences. Lastly, we discuss methodological considerations for the interpretation and design of studies on sex (or gender) differences during adolescence while highlighting some opportunities for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Psychology University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ehlinger PP, Blashill AJ. Self-perceived vs. actual physical attractiveness: Associations with depression as a function of sexual orientation. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:70-6. [PMID: 26406971 PMCID: PMC4640994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A commonly held belief about physical attractiveness is that attractive individuals are psychologically healthier than less attractive individuals (i.e., the "beauty is good" stereotype). To date, the data on this stereotype and its relationship with depression is limited, with a paucity of literature comparing subjective and objective appearance evaluations and depressive symptoms. Additionally, there is no known research on this relationship among sexual minorities (i.e., gay and bisexual individuals), a highly vulnerable population. The primary aims of the study were to assess the prediction of depression symptoms by subjective and objective appearance evaluation, and secondary aims were to assess the interaction of subjective and objective appearance with sexual orientation. METHOD Participants were 4882 American emerging adults (M age=22 years; 2253 males, 2629 females) taken from a U.S. nationally representative dataset (Add Health) RESULTS Increased negative subjective appearance evaluation was associated with elevated rates of depressive symptoms (B=-.27, p<.001), while objective appearance evaluation was not significantly related to depressive symptoms. Sexual orientation significantly moderated the relationship between subjective appearance and depression (B=.19, p=.009), with a stronger positive association between negative appearance evaluation and depressive symptoms noted among sexual minority vs. heterosexual participants. LIMITATIONS Limitations include cross-sectional design and self-report nature of questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the 'beauty is good' stereotype may not be valid in regard to depressive symptoms, and that subjective appearance evaluation is a robust predictor of depression, particularly for sexual minority individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University, USA; SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the negative influence of sexual debut during adolescence on mental health outcomes. This article contributes to this literature by investigating whether sexual debut has negative effects on mental health among South Korean adolescents and whether the timing of adolescent sexual debut matters. Drawing on longitudinal data from a nationally representative survey, we first predicted mental health outcomes at one year after high school graduation using first sexual intercourse that had occurred before the outcomes were measured. In a second statistical model, adolescent sexual debut was defined as first coitus that had occurred before high school graduation. Sexual debut was associated with an increase in problematic aggressive behaviors for both genders. In contrast, only girls experienced a rise in depressive symptoms after becoming sexually active. For girls, having sex before high school graduation was correlated with worse mental health outcomes to the extent that sexual debut even enhanced the risk of suicidal ideation. We concluded that the negative effects of sexual activity among South Korean adolescents are attributable mainly to the sexually conservative atmosphere and gendered sexuality in that country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Kim
- a Department of Sociology , Kyung Hee University
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Braje SE, Eddy JM, Hall GCN. A Comparison of Two Models of Risky Sexual Behavior During Late Adolescence. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:73-83. [PMID: 25925897 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two models of risky sexual behavior (RSB) were compared in a community sample of late adolescents (N = 223). For the traumagenic model, early negative sexual experiences were posited to lead to an association between negative affect with sexual relationships. For the cognitive escape model, depressive affect was posited to lead to engagement in RSB as a way to avoid negative emotions. The current study examined whether depression explained the relationship between sexual trauma and RSB, supporting the cognitive escape model, or whether it was sexual trauma that led specifically to RSB, supporting the traumagenic model. Physical trauma experiences were also examined to disentangle the effects of sexual trauma compared to other emotionally distressing events. The study examined whether the results would be moderated by participant sex. For males, support was found for the cognitive escape model but not the traumagenic model. Among males, physical trauma and depression predicted engagement in RSB but sexual trauma did not. For females, support was found for the traumagenic and cognitive escape model. Among females, depression and sexual trauma both uniquely predicted RSB. There was an additional suppressor effect of socioeconomic status in predicting RSB among females. Results suggest that the association of trauma type with RSB depends on participant sex. Implications of the current study for RSB prevention efforts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sopagna Eap Braje
- Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program, California School of Professional Psychology-San Diego, Alliant International University, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA, 92116, USA.
| | - J Mark Eddy
- Partners for Our Children, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Gordon C N Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hernandez L, Cancilliere MK, Graves H, Chun TH, Lewander W, Spirito A. Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents Treated in a Pediatric Emergency Department. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015; 25:124-133. [PMID: 27152065 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2014.889633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined associations between substance use and depressed mood by gender and type of substance used (no use, alcohol, marijuana or both alcohol and marijuana) in a sample of 713 adolescents (Mage = 15.3) recruited from a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). Adolescents who reported any marijuana use had higher overall depressed mood scores compared to all other adolescents. When examined by gender, females with both alcohol and marijuana use reported the highest overall depressed mood symptoms. These results suggest the usefulness of screening and identification of depressive symptoms among adolescents presenting to a PED for substance use-related problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Hernandez
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | - Hannah Graves
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Thomas H Chun
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - William Lewander
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Felton JW, Kofler MJ, Lopez CM, Saunders BE, Kilpatrick DG. The emergence of co-occurring adolescent polysubstance use and depressive symptoms: A latent growth modeling approach. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:1367-83. [PMID: 26439081 PMCID: PMC6363005 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study tests competing models of the relation between depression and polysubstance use over the course of adolescence. Participants included a nationwide sample of adolescents (N = 3,604), ages 12 to 17 at study Wave 1, assessed annually for 3 years. Models were tested using cohort-sequential latent growth curve modeling to determine whether depressive symptoms at baseline predicted concurrent and age-related changes in drug use, whether drug use at baseline predicted concurrent and age-related changes in depressive symptoms, and whether initial levels of depression predicted changes in substance use significantly better than vice versa. The results suggest a transactional model such that early polysubstance use promotes early depressive symptoms, which in turn convey elevated risk for increasing polysubstance use over time, which in turn conveys additional risk for future depressive symptoms, even after accounting for gender, ethnicity, and household income. In contrast, early drug use did not portend risk for future depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a complicated pattern of interrelations over time and indicate that many current models of co-occurring polysubstance use and depressive symptoms may not fully account for these associations. Instead, the results suggest a developmental cascade, in which symptoms of one disorder promote symptoms of the other across intrapersonal domains.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dunn HK, Gjelsvik A, Pearlman DN, Clark MA. Association between sexual behaviors, bullying victimization and suicidal ideation in a national sample of high school students: implications of a sexual double standard. Womens Health Issues 2015; 24:567-74. [PMID: 25213749 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The sexual double standard is the notion that women are more harshly judged for their sexual behaviors than men. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sexual double standard could explain gender differences in bullying victimization among adolescents and the extent to which that relationship correlated with depression and suicidal ideation. METHODS Analyses were conducted using a sample of high school students (n = 13,065) from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional and national school-based survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were assessed using multiple logistic regression, gender-stratified analyses, and interaction terms. FINDINGS Students who engaged in sexual intercourse (sexually active) had higher odds of being bullied. When this association was stratified by gender, odds of being bullying increased for girls (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.58-2.13) and decreased for boys (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.16). Sexually active students who were bullied also displayed more than five times (OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 4.71-6.78) the adjusted odds of depression and three times (adjusted OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.65-4.32) the adjusted odds of suicidal ideation compared with students who reported neither of those behavioral characteristics. When stratified by gender, girls had slightly higher odds of depression and suicidal ideation but overall, the odds remained strong for both genders. CONCLUSIONS Results provide some evidence that a sexual double standard exists and may play a prominent role in bullying victimization among girls. Therefore, addressing the sexual double may be important to consider when tailoring school bullying intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailee K Dunn
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Annie Gjelsvik
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Deborah N Pearlman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Conradt E, Lagasse LL, Shankaran S, Bada H, Bauer CR, Whitaker TM, Hammond JA, Lester BM. Physiological correlates of neurobehavioral disinhibition that relate to drug use and risky sexual behavior in adolescents with prenatal substance exposure. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:306-15. [PMID: 25033835 DOI: 10.1159/000365004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological correlates of behavioral and emotional problems, substance use onset and initiation of risky sexual behavior have not been studied in adolescents with prenatal drug exposure. We studied the concordance between baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) at age 3 and baseline cortisol levels at age 11. We hypothesized that children who showed concordance between RSA and cortisol would have lower neurobehavioral disinhibition scores which would in turn predict age of substance use onset and first sexual intercourse. The sample included 860 children aged 16 years participating in the Maternal Lifestyle Study, a multisite longitudinal study of children with prenatal exposure to cocaine and other substances. Structural equation modeling was used to test pathways between prenatal substance exposure, early adversity, baseline RSA, baseline cortisol, neurobehavioral disinhibition, drug use, and sexual behavior outcomes. Concordance was studied by examining separate male and female models in which there were statistically significant interactions between baseline RSA and cortisol. Prenatal substance exposure was operationalized as the number of substances to which the child was exposed. An adversity score was computed based on caregiver postnatal substance use, depression and psychological distress, number of caregiver changes, socioeconomic and poverty status, quality of the home environment, and child history of protective service involvement, abuse and neglect. RSA and cortisol were measured during a baseline period prior to the beginning of a task. Neurobehavioral disinhibition, based on composite scores of behavioral dysregulation and executive dysfunction, substance use and sexual behavior were derived from questionnaires and cognitive tests administered to the child. Findings were sex specific. In females, those with discordance between RSA and cortisol (high RSA and low cortisol or low RSA and high cortisol) had the most executive dysfunction which, in turn, predicted earlier initiation of alcohol by age 16. Among boys, there also existed a significant baseline RSA by baseline cortisol interaction. Boys with low baseline RSA and high baseline cortisol had the highest levels of behavioral dysregulation. This increase in behavioral dysregulation was in turn related to initiation of alcohol use by age 16 and lower age of first sexual intercourse. We found sex-specific pathways to the initiation of alcohol use and risky sexual behavior through the combined activity of parasympathetic and neuroendocrine functioning. The study of multiple physiological systems may suggest new pathways to the study of age of onset of substance use and engagement in risky sexual behavior in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Conradt
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mistry R, Babu GR, Mahapatra T, McCarthy WJ. Cognitive mediators and disparities in the relation between teen depressiveness and smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 140:56-62. [PMID: 24768409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressiveness and tobacco use in adolescents are linked, however, there is limited evidence about the cognitive mediators involved and how the role of mediators may differ by gender and racial/ethnic subgroups. METHODS We used a racially/ethnically diverse population-based cross-sectional sample of middle and high school students (n=24,350). Logistic regression models measured the associations of depressiveness with tobacco smoking status, and whether smoking-related knowledge and attitudes (KA) and smoking refusal self-efficacy (SE) attenuated the associations indicating preliminary evidence of mediation. RESULTS Depressiveness was associated with intention to smoke (OR=2.41; 95% CI=2.22, 2.61), experimental smoking (OR=1.93; 95% CI=1.72, 2.17) and established smoking (OR=1.85; 95% CI=1.57, 2.18). The percent attenuation of these associations due to the inclusion of smoking-related KA and smoking refusal SE was 58% for intention to smoke (p<0.001), 68% for experimental smoking (p<0.001) and 86% for established smoking (p<0.001). The association of depressiveness with established smoking did not remain statistically significant (OR=1.16; CI=0.97, 1.40) after including smoking-related KA and smoking refusal SE. Attenuation was more pronounced in males and white students. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that smoking-related KA and smoking refusal SE attenuated the relation between depressiveness and smoking, indicating that they may serve as mediators of the link between depressiveness and smoking. Tobacco use prevention programs targeting teens with the aim of increasing anti-smoking KA and smoking refusal SE may benefit from addressing depressiveness, particularly by using gender and racially/ethnically tailored strategies. The cross-sectional nature of the data precludes causal inferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mistry
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Giridhara R Babu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad (Bangalore Wing), Public Health Foundation of India, India
| | - Tanmay Mahapatra
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - William J McCarthy
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wellman RJ, Contreras GA, Dugas EN, O'Loughlin EK, O'Loughlin JL. Determinants of sustained binge drinking in young adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1409-15. [PMID: 24512139 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking occurs frequently among young adults, posing risks to health and safety. Little is known, however, about which drinkers continue to binge later into adulthood. We sought to identify predictors of sustained binge drinking behaviors in young adulthood. METHODS Participants from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) cohort (n = 609, 53% female) completed self-report questionnaires in 20 survey cycles (SCs) during secondary school between 1999 and 2005, and in 2 postsecondary school SCs in 2007 to 2008 (SC 21; Mage = 20 years) and 2011 to 2012 (SC 22; Mage = 24 years). Participants reporting past-year binge drinking in both SCs 21 and 22 were categorized as sustainers (n = 517). Using multivariable logistic regression, we investigated 25 potential predictors of sustained binge drinking, binge-drinking frequency, and change in frequency over time among sustainers. RESULTS Compared with stoppers, sustainers (85% of participants) were more likely to be younger, male, and to have no college/university education. Sustainers began drinking alcohol and binge drinking earlier, drank at least monthly during more secondary school grades, binged more frequently at age 20, and scored higher on impulsivity and novelty seeking in adolescence. Among sustainers, frequent binge drinkers were more likely to be male, to be nonstudents, to score higher on novelty seeking, and to have reported more depressive symptoms in adolescence. Sustainers who decelerated their binge frequency between SCs 21 and 22 were more likely to be female, to have achieved a higher level of education, and to report more depressive symptoms in SC 21. CONCLUSIONS The determinants of sustained binge drinking are similar to predictors of binge drinking reported in the literature. Early identification of, and intervention with, youth who are impulsive, inclined toward novelty seeking, and who report higher levels of early sub clinical depressive symptoms might forestall their involvement in risky alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wellman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Salerno J, Barnhart S. Evaluation of the RAAPS Risk Screening Tool for Use in Detecting Adolescents With Depression. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2014; 27:20-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Husky MM, Guignard R, Beck F, Michel G. Risk behaviors, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a nationally representative French sample. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:1059-65. [PMID: 24070905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from large nationally representative samples are needed to provide the empirical foundation to inform health policies for the prevention of suicide risk and risk behaviors in men and women. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2010 Health Barometer, a large telephone survey on a representative sample of the general population aged 15-85 years living in France (n=27,653), carried out by the National Institute for Health Promotion and Health Education. Data were collected between October 2009 and July 2010. A computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) system was used. RESULTS Overall, 3.9% of respondents aged 15 to 85 reported past year suicidal ideation, and 0.5% reported a suicide attempt in that time period. Increased rates of risky sexual behavior are associated with ideation and attempt in both men and women, after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Homosexuality or bisexuality are associated with suicidal ideation for both men and women, but not with attempts. Substance misuse, physical and sexual assaults are strongly associated with suicidal symptoms for both men and women. Early first experiences with sex, tobacco, and alcohol are associated with suicidal symptoms though somewhat differentially for men and women. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional survey. CONCLUSION The findings underscore associations between suicidal thoughts and behaviors and risk behaviors such as unprotected sex and substance use in men and women throughout the lifespan. These associations highlight the need for preventive strategies such as screening for risk behaviors in order to identify men and women particularly at risk for suicidal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M Husky
- Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire de France, 71 Avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bulhões C, Ramos E, Lindert J, Dias S, Barros H. Depressive symptoms and its associated factors in 13-year-old urban adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:5026-38. [PMID: 24129117 PMCID: PMC3823328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The available estimates reveal that 20-50% of adolescents report depressive symptoms, being one of the most prevalent health problems in adolescence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a community sample of 13-year-old adolescents and identify associated features. Thirteen year-old adolescents attending private and public schools in Porto (n = 1,988, 52.2% females) were evaluated from October 2003 to June 2004 and completed a questionnaire including health behaviors and the Beck Depression Inventory II. A questionnaire on parents' socio-demographics and clinical characteristics was sent home. Data were analyzed separately by sex. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.8% in girls and 7.6% in boys (p < 0.001). Boys with a family history of depression and girls with smoking habits had a significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.00-4.71; OR = 2.34, 95%CI 1.46-3.76). Menarche at an early age significantly increased the risk of depressive symptoms. The characteristics most strongly associated with depressive symptoms were family history of depression among boys, tobacco consumption and an early age at menarche among girls. The high prevalence of depressive symptoms early in adolescence calls for the awareness of public health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Bulhões
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto 4200-319, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto 4050-600, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto 4200-319, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto 4050-600, Portugal
| | - Jutta Lindert
- Department of Public Health, University of Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg 71638, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Sónia Dias
- International Public Health and Biostatistics Unit & CMDT, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal; E-Mail:
| | - Henrique Barros
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto 4200-319, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto 4050-600, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Morris JS, Weil ZM, Nelson RJ. Sexual experience and testosterone during adolescence alter adult neuronal morphology and behavior. Horm Behav 2013; 64:454-60. [PMID: 23954393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones released immediately before and after birth provoke sexual differentiation of neural circuits. Further, steroid hormones secreted during adolescence also exert long lasting effects on the nervous system. Hormones secreted during development may act through two distinct pathways: (1) hormones can directly affect neuron and synapse elimination and (2) endocrine changes in the nervous system may occur secondary to changes in social behaviors. Therefore, a critical period for organization of the nervous system by steroid hormones during adolescence may also be a sensitive period for the effects of social experience. The overall goal of this experiment was to determine whether the opportunity to mate with a sexually receptive female during this adolescent critical period would have enduring effects on behavior and neuronal morphology into adulthood. A second question was to determine the extent to which testosterone mediated the effects of these social interactions on adult outcomes. Compared to sexually inexperienced hamsters and those that experienced sex for the first time in adulthood, hamsters that experienced adolescent sexual experience displayed increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavioral responses. Adolescent sexual experiences decreased the complexity and length of dendrites on prefrontal cortical neurons and increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the PFC. In a second experiment, administration of testosterone during the adolescent period largely recapitulated the effects of adolescent sexual experience. These data support the overall hypothesis that a sensitive period extends into adolescence and that salient social stimuli during this time can significantly and persistently alter adult phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Morris
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Associations of substance abuse and sexual risks with self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults in northern Thailand. J Addict Med 2013; 2:66-73. [PMID: 21768974 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0b013e31816c60c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression among young adults is a significant mental health issue worldwide. Withdrawal from amphetamine and chronic alcohol use is associated with significant increases in depressive symptoms. Young adults with depressive symptoms are more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors than peers who are not depressed. We investigated the association between substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors with recent depressive symptoms (using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] scale) in a sample of 1189 young adults aged 18 to 25 years in Chiang Mai, Thailand, who were recruited based on recent methamphetamine use or were sex partners of a methamphetamine user. High reports of depressive symptoms, based on CES-D scores ≥22, were seen in 45% of women and 31% of men (P < 0.0001) and were associated with alcohol problems (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener [CAGE] score and frequency of drunkenness) and frequent methamphetamine use in men but not women. For women, higher depressive symptoms were associated with greater numbers of reported sexual partners during the past year where condoms were infrequently used. These results point to the importance of identifying substance abuse among young adults in Thailand and its contribution to depressive symptoms and the importance of recognizing depression as a significant public mental health problem in this population.
Collapse
|
39
|
Langille D, Asbridge M, Kisely S, Wilson K. Risk of depression and multiple sexual risk-taking behaviours in adolescents in Nova Scotia, Canada. Sex Health 2012; 9:254-60. [PMID: 22697143 DOI: 10.1071/sh11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression is known to be associated with adolescent sexual risk-taking, Canadian studies are few, many have lacked appropriate controls and none has examined the associations of depression with multiple sexual risk-taking behaviours. We tested associations between multiple sexual risk-taking and risk of depression, controlling for other factors, including social capital, in high school students in Nova Scotia, Canada. METHODS We surveyed sexually active male (n=418) and female (n=467) adolescents. Participants were asked about their risk of depression, perceptions of social capital, substance use, sociodemographic factors and sexual behaviours. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine associations of risk of depression with various levels of sexual risk-taking. RESULTS In unadjusted models, risk of depression was associated with two or more v. no sexual risk behaviours among both males and females. After controlling for other variables, risk of depression remained significantly associated with two or more sexual risks v. no risks for both females and males (relative risk ratios (RRR) of 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-4.5 and 3.5; 95% CI 1.6-7.82 respectively) and for one v. no risks for females (RRR=1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.5). One measure of social capital was associated with multiple risks in females. CONCLUSIONS The consistent, independent associations of risk of depression with multiple sexual risks should lead health care workers interacting with adolescents to ask about sexual risk behaviours among patients with symptoms of depression. Alternatively, patients who engage in sexual risk-taking might be screened for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don Langille
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Volpe EM, Hardie TL, Cerulli C. Associations among depressive symptoms, dating violence, and relationship power in urban, adolescent girls. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:506-18. [PMID: 22697267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations among dating violence (DV), aggression, relationship power, and depressive symptoms. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey secondary analysis. SETTING An urban, school based health center, October, 2009 through May, 2009. PARTICIPANTS Low income, adolescent girls (n = 155), ages 14-18. METHODS Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to illustrate patterns and associations among variables. Key variables included depressive symptoms, DV victimization and aggression, and relationship power. We used mediation analyses to determine the direct and indirect effects among variables. RESULTS Both DV victimization and aggression were reported frequently. Furthermore, DV victimization had a significant direct effect on depression and an indirect effect through relationship power. Depressive symptoms and relationship power were associated with DV aggression. Although relationship power did have a significant inverse effect on depressive symptoms, it was not through DV aggression. CONCLUSIONS Complex associations remain between mental health and DV; however, relationship power partially accounts for DV victimization's effect on depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms are associated with DV victimization and aggression; therefore, nurses should address relationship power in clinical and community interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Volpe
- Centers for Health Equity Research and Global Woman's Health, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Boulevard, 233L, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gender differences in negative mood states in secondary school students: health survey in Catalonia (Spain). GACETA SANITARIA 2012; 27:32-9. [PMID: 22464025 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of negative mood states in adolescents according to gender, to analyze variability among schools, and to evaluate the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a cluster design was carried out. We administered the High-school students health survey to a sample of 9,340 students (aged 14-16 years) in the third and fourth year of Compulsory Secondary Education in Catalonia, Spain, during the 2005-6 academic year. The main outcome measure was evidence of a negative mood state. A multilevel logistic regression model stratified by gender was used to identify the factors associated with negative mood states and to determine variability among distinct schools. RESULTS Approximately 19% of adolescents reported evidence of a negative mood state, with a higher prevalence in girls (25%). The most significant factors associated with negative mood states were "use of tranquilizers" and "having eating disorders" in girls and "not exercising" and "poor self-perception of health status" in boys. In both genders, variability was found among schools in the prevalence of negative mood states (girls: variance = 0.078; p <0.001; boys: variance = 0.079; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of negative mood states in adolescent boys and girls was high. Differences were observed between genders in the factors related to these health states. The variability observed in the prevalence of negative mood states among distinct schools could not be explained by the study variables. Our results emphasize the association between the use of tranquilizers and negative mood states.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the incidence of club drug use in pediatric patients, especially those aged 13-25, and how it relates to the spread of HIV. RECENT FINDINGS Transmission of HIV among younger patients has become largely associated with risky sexual behaviors, as the rate of transmission from vertical infection and intravenous drug use has decreased. Use of club drugs in emerging adult populations contributes to the HIV epidemic through a combination of decreased inhibitions as well as physiological effects that increase high-risk sexual practices. Robust data exists linking the use of club drugs by the men who have sex with men population with spread of HIV, but this data in other at-risk populations (e.g. African Americans) is not as robust. Additional research is needed to identify the rates of transmission among adolescents and emerging adults, as well as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices that affect HIV transmission in this population. SUMMARY Use of club drugs by adolescents and emerging adults contributes to the current rate of HIV transmission among this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Zuckerman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Diamond LM, Huebner DM. Is Good Sex Good for You? Rethinking Sexuality and Health. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
44
|
Mellin EA, Fang HN. Exploration of the Pathways to Delinquency for Female Adolescents With Depression: Implications for Cross-Systems Collaboration and Counseling. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1874.2010.tb00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Scott-Parker B, Watson B, King MJ, Hyde MK. The influence of sensitivity to reward and punishment, propensity for sensation seeking, depression, and anxiety on the risky behaviour of novice drivers: a path model. Br J Psychol 2011; 103:248-67. [PMID: 22506749 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Young novice drivers are significantly more likely to be killed or injured in car crashes than older, experienced drivers. Graduated driver licensing (GDL), which allows the novice to gain driving experience under less-risky circumstances, has resulted in reduced crash incidence; however, the driver's psychological traits are ignored. This paper explores the relationships between gender, age, anxiety, depression, sensitivity to reward and punishment, sensation-seeking propensity, and risky driving. Participants were 761 young drivers aged 17-24 (M=19.00, SD=1.56) with a Provisional (intermediate) driver's licence who completed an online survey comprising socio-demographic questions, the Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale, Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, and the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale. Path analysis revealed depression, reward sensitivity, and sensation-seeking propensity predicted the self-reported risky behaviour of the young novice drivers. Gender was a moderator; and the anxiety level of female drivers also influenced their risky driving. Interventions do not directly consider the role of rewards and sensation seeking, or the young person's mental health. An approach that does take these variables into account may contribute to improved road safety outcomes for both young and older road users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridie Scott-Parker
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sabia JJ, Rees DI. Boys will be boys: are there gender differences in the effect of sexual abstinence on schooling? HEALTH ECONOMICS 2011; 20:287-305. [PMID: 20336634 DOI: 10.1002/hec.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A recent study by Sabia and Rees (2009) found that delaying first intercourse leads to a substantial increase in the probability that female students graduate high school. However, it is unclear whether the effect of abstinence extends to male students. Here we identify exogenous variation in the timing of first intercourse using a physical development index available for both females and males. Two-stage least squares estimates suggest that abstaining from sexual intercourse increases the probability that females graduate from high school, but has little effect on the educational attainment of males. This pattern of results is consistent with evidence from previous studies that males are less likely than females to suffer adverse psychological consequences from engaging in sexual intercourse at an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Sabia
- Department of Public Administration and Policy, School of Public Affairs, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chan YF, Passetti LL, Garner BR, Lloyd JJ, Dennis ML. HIV risk behaviors: risky sexual activities and needle use among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. AIDS Behav 2011; 15:114-24. [PMID: 20411413 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study estimated prevalence of HIV risk behaviors and its association with substance use and mental health problems among adolescents in treatment. A pooled dataset of 9,519 adolescents admitted to substance abuse treatment programs between 2002 and 2006 was analyzed. HIV risk behaviors, substance use, and mental health problems were assessed at treatment intake. Sixty percent of adolescents were engaged in at least one sexual or needle use risk behavior in the year prior to entering treatment. Sex with multiple partners, sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and unprotected sex were the most prevalent HIV risk behaviors. Several gender differences were found for specific types of sexual and needle use behaviors. Adolescents with substance dependence or other comorbid mental health problems were at increased odds for HIV risk. Findings suggest treatment programs may benefit adolescents better by screening them consistently for HIV risk behaviors and incorporating tailored interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Chan
- Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, 448 Wylie Drive, Normal, IL 61761, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schinke SP, Fang L, Cole KC, Cohen-Cutler S. Preventing substance use among Black and Hispanic adolescent girls: results from a computer-delivered, mother-daughter intervention approach. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:35-45. [PMID: 21190404 PMCID: PMC3057911 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.521074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This 2008 study involved 546 Black and Hispanic American adolescent girls and their mothers from New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Participants provided self-report data. Analysis of covariance indicated that the experimental intervention reduced risk factors, improved protective factors, and lowered girls' alcohol use and their future intentions to use substances. The study supports the value of computer-based and gender-specific interventions that involve girls and their mothers. Future work needs to replicate and strengthen study results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Schinke
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Koen V, van Eeden C, Venter C. African Female Adolescents' Experience of Parenting and Their Sense of Well-Being. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2011.10820448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
50
|
Starks TJ, Golub SA, Kelly BC, Parsons JT. The problem of "just for fun": patterns of use situations among active club drug users. Addict Behav 2010; 35:1067-73. [PMID: 20696530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Existing research has demonstrated the significance of situational antecedents to substance use. The current study used a cluster analytic approach to identify groups of club drug users who report using substances in similar situations (assessed by the Inventory of Drug Taking Situations) with longitudinal data from 400 active drug users. A three-cluster solution emerged in baseline data and was replicated in 12-month follow-up data. Groups were identified as Situationally Restricted, Pleasure Driven, and Situationally Broad users. Group differences were observed on measures of mental health, attitudes towards substance use, amount of substance use, and rates of substance dependence. Cluster membership predicted substance dependence after controlling for past dependence, current use, and current depression/anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyrel J Starks
- The Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 250 West 26th Street, #300, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|