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Sampath C, Chukkapalli SS, Raju AV, Alluri LSC, Srisai D, Gangula PR. Cinnamaldehyde Protects against P. gingivalis Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IEC-6 Cells via the PI3K/Akt-Mediated NO/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4734. [PMID: 38731952 PMCID: PMC11083591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a Gram-negative oral pathogen, promotes and accelerates periodontitis-associated gut disorders. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this study, we sought to elucidate the protective role of cinnamaldehyde (CNM, an activator of Nrf2) against P. gingivalis (W83) and Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via antioxidative mechanisms in IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 (ATCC, CRL-1592) cells were pretreated with or without CNM (100 µM), in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis (strain W83, 109 MOI) or Pg-LPS (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL), respectively, between 0-72 h time points by adopting a co-culture method. Intestinal barrier function, cytokine secretion, and intestinal oxidative stress protein markers were analyzed. P. gingivalis or Pg-LPS significantly (p < 0.05) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels expressing oxidative stress damage. Pg-LPS, as well as Pg alone, induces inflammatory cytokines via TLR-4 signaling. Furthermore, infection reduced Nrf2 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). Interestingly, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression significantly (p < 0.05) increased with Pg-LPS or Pg infection, with elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO). CNM treatment suppressed both Pg- and Pg-LPS-induced intestinal oxidative stress damage by reducing ROS, MDA, and NO production. Furthermore, CNM treatment significantly upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins via increasing the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 suppressing inflammatory cytokines. CNM protected against Pg infection-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway in IEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Sasanka S. Chukkapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Abhinav V. Raju
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
| | | | - Dollada Srisai
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Pandu R. Gangula
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
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Tan X, Wang Y, Gong T. The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2213112. [PMID: 37200866 PMCID: PMC10187086 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2213112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the importance of microbiota in health and disease has become evident. The human gut microbiota and oral microbiota are the largest and second-largest microbiome in the human body, respectively, and they are physically connected as the oral cavity is the beginning of the digestive system. Emerging and exciting evidence has shown complex and important connections between gut microbiota and oral microbiota. The interplay of the two microbiomes may contribute to the pathological processes of many diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. In this review, we discuss possible routes and factors of oral microbiota to affect gut microbiota, and the contribution of this interplay between oral and gut microbiota to systemic diseases. Although most studies are association studies, recently, there have been increasing mechanistic investigations. This review aims to enhance the interest in the connection between oral and gut microbiota, and shows the tangible impact of this connection on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang Charioteer Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Taizhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Cheng X, Chi L, Lin T, Liang F, Pei Z, Sun J, Teng W. Exogenous monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells ameliorate immune imbalance, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:55. [PMID: 36864466 PMCID: PMC9979576 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone periodontal pathogen, has been reported in our recent study to cause immune-overreaction and induce cognitive impairment. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) possess potent immunosuppressive function. It is unclear whether mMDSCs-mediated immune homeostasis is impaired in AD patients with periodontitis, and whether exogenous mMDSCs could ameliorate immune-overreaction and cognitive impairment induced by Pg. METHODS To explore the influence of Pg on cognitive function, neuropathology and immune balance in vivo, 5xFAD mice were treated with live Pg by oral gavage, three times a week for 1 month. The cells of peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow from 5xFAD mice were treated with Pg to detect the proportional and functional alterations of mMDSCs in vitro. Next, exogenous mMDSCs were sorted from wild-type healthy mice and intravenously injected into 5xFAD mice that were infected with Pg. We used behavioral tests, flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining to evaluate whether exogenous mMDSCs could ameliorate the cognitive function, immune homeostasis and reduce neuropathology exacerbated by Pg infection. RESULTS Pg exacerbated cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice, with the deposition of amyloid plaque and increased number of microglia in the hippocampus and cortex region. The proportion of mMDSCs decreased in Pg-treated mice. In addition, Pg reduced the proportion and the immunosuppressive function of mMDSCs in vitro. Supplement of exogenous mMDSCs improved the cognitive function, and enhanced the proportions of mMDSCs and IL-10+ T cells of 5xFAD mice infected with Pg. At the same time, supplement of exogenous mMDSCs increased the immunosuppressive function of endogenous mMDSCs while decreased the proportions of IL-6+ T cells and IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells. In addition, the deposition of amyloid plaque decreased while the number of neurons increased in the hippocampus and cortex region after the supplement of exogenous mMDSCs. Furthermore, the number of microglia increased with an increase in the proportion of M2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Pg can reduce the proportion of mMDSCs, induce immune-overreaction, and exacerbate the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice. Supplement of exogenous mMDSCs can reduce the neuroinflammation, immune imbalance and cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice infected with Pg. These findings indicate the mechanism of AD pathogenesis and Pg-mediated promotion of AD, and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianqiong Lin
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road2, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhong Pei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road2, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Wei Teng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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An in vitro study of the effects of Phellodendron bark extract and berberine chloride on periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:72-79. [PMID: 36473619 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal disease is triggered by oral microbiome dysbiosis. Thus, to prevent its onset, it is important to maintain relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome at a low level. While Phellodendron bark extract (PBE) and its active ingredient, berberine, exert antibacterial effects on periodontal pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, their effects on the oral microbiome as a whole remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the potential of PBE and berberine chloride (BC) in regulating the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome. METHODS Saliva was collected from 20 participants. Each participant's saliva was combined separately with P. gingivalis suspension and either PBE or BC in a modified basal medium. The samples were then incubated under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. After cultivation, we determined the total bacterial concentration using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and the bacterial composition using 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The total bacterial concentration was reduced because of treatment with PBE and BC. Bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing confirmed that treatment with PBE and BC significantly reduced the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria, including red and orange complex bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PBE and BC reduce the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome. Thus, PBE and BC can aid in preventing periodontal disease, given their ability to regulate the oral microbiome composition and their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Poulsen CS, Nygaard N, Constancias F, Stankevic E, Kern T, Witte DR, Vistisen D, Grarup N, Pedersen OB, Belstrøm D, Hansen T. Association of general health and lifestyle factors with the salivary microbiota - Lessons learned from the ADDITION-PRO cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1055117. [PMID: 36467723 PMCID: PMC9709502 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1055117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that the salivary microbiota may be a biomarker of oral as well as systemic disease. However, clarifying the potential bias from general health status and lifestyle-associated factors is a prerequisite of using the salivary microbiota for screening. MATERIALS & METHODS ADDDITION-PRO is a nationwide Danish cohort, nested within the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care. Saliva samples from n=746 individuals from the ADDITION-PRO cohort were characterized using 16s rRNA sequencing. Alpha- and beta diversity as well as relative abundance of genera was examined in relation to general health and lifestyle-associated variables. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was performed on individual variables and all variables together. Classification models were created using sparse partial-least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA) for variables that showed statistically significant differences based on PERMANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Glycemic status, hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were found to be significantly associated with salivary microbial composition (individual variables PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Collectively, these variables were associated with approximately 5.8% of the observed differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota. Smoking status was associated with 3.3% of observed difference, and smoking could be detected with good accuracy based on salivary microbial composition (AUC 0.95, correct classification rate 79.6%). CONCLUSIONS Glycemic status, HbA1c level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were significantly associated with the composition of the salivary microbiota. Despite smoking only being associated with 3.3% of the difference in overall salivary microbial composition, it was possible to create a model for detection of smoking status with a high correct classification rate. However, the lack of information on the oral health status of participants serves as a limitation in the present study. Further studies in other cohorts are needed to validate the external validity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Nygaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timo Kern
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Borbye Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gong T, Chen Q, Mao H, Zhang Y, Ren H, Xu M, Chen H, Yang D. Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis trigger NLRP3 inflammasome and induce neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and memory dysfunction in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:925435. [PMID: 36017373 PMCID: PMC9397999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.925435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is reported to initiate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in preclinical studies. However, the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways acting on the brain still need to be further explored. Outer membrane vesicles are derived from Gram-negative bacteria and contain many virulence factors of bacteria. We hypothesized that outer membrane vesicles are an important weapon of Porphyromonas gingivalis to initiate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies.MethodsThe outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg OMVs, 4 mg/kg) or saline were delivered to 14-month-old mice by oral gavage every other day for eight weeks. Behavioral alterations were assessed by the open field test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze test. Blood–brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein were analyzed.ResultsPg OMVs impaired memory and learning ability of mice and decreased tight junction–related gene expression ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5, and occludin protein expression in the hippocampus. Pg OMVs could be detected in the hippocampus and cortex three days after oral gavage. Furthermore, Pg OMVs activated both astrocytes and microglia and elevated IL-1β, tau phosphorylation on the Thr231 site, and NLRP3 inflammasome–related protein expression in the hippocampus. In in vitro studies, Pg OMV (5 µg/ml) stimulation increased the mRNA and immunofluorescence of NLRP3 in BV2 microglia, which were significantly inhibited by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. In contrast, the tau phosphorylation in N2a neurons was enhanced after treatment with conditioned media from Pg OMV-stimulated microglia, which was attenuated after pretreatment with MCC950.ConclusionsThese results indicate that Pg OMVs prompt memory dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and tau phosphorylation and trigger NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain of middle-aged mice. We propose that Pg OMVs play an important role in activating neuroinflammation in the AD-like pathology triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongchen Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Deqin Yang,
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Liu Y, Huang W, Dai K, Liu N, Wang J, Lu X, Ma J, Zhang M, Xu M, Long X, Liu J, Kou Y. Inflammatory response of gut, spleen, and liver in mice induced by orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2088936. [PMID: 35756539 PMCID: PMC9225697 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2088936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary periopathogen in the initiation and development of periodontal disease. Evidence has shown that P. gingivalis is associated with systemic diseases, including IBD and fatty liver disease. Inflammatory response is a key feature of diseases related to this species. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered either PBS, or P. gingivalis. After 9 weeks, the inflammatory response in gut, spleen, and liver was analyzed. Results The findings revealed significant disturbance of the intestinal microbiota and increased inflammatory factors in the gut of P. gingivalis-administered mice. Administrated P. gingivalis remarkably promoted the secretion of IRF-1 and activated the inflammatory pathway IFN-γ/STAT1 in the spleen. Histologically, mice treated with P. gingivalis exhibited hepatocyte damage and lipid deposition. The inflammatory factors IL-17a, IL-6, and ROR-γt were also upregulated in the liver of mice fed with P. gingivalis. Lee’s index, spleen index, and liver index were also increased. Conclusion These results suggest that administrated P. gingivalis evokes inflammation in gut, spleen, and liver, which might promote the progression of various systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenkai Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Lishui University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejing, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Long
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Ge D, Wang F, Hu Y, Wang B, Gao X, Chen Z. Fast, Simple, and Highly Specific Molecular Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Using Isothermal Amplification and Lateral Flow Strip Methods. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:895261. [PMID: 35694545 PMCID: PMC9174636 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.895261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important oral pathogen that causes periodontal disease and is difficult to culture under conventional conditions. Therefore, a reliable technique for detecting this pathogenic bacterium is required. Here, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), a new nucleic acid amplification method, was combined with a visualization method based on nanoparticle-based lateral flow strips (LFS) for the rapid detection of P. gingivalis. The species-specific 16S rRNA sequence of P. gingivalis was used as the target for RPA, and a set of specific primer–probe combinations were designed and screened to amplify the target sequences. As a thermostatic amplification method, the RPA reaction, under optimized conditions, takes only 30 min to complete at a constant temperature (37°C). The amplification reaction products can be detected visually by LFS without any need for special equipment. The RPA-LFS method established for the detection of P. gingivalis was shown to be highly specific in distinguishing P. gingivalis from other pathogenic organisms by using 20 clinical isolates of P. gingivalis and 23 common pathogenic microorganisms. Susceptibility measurements and probit regression analysis were performed with gradient dilutions of P. gingivalis genomic DNA. The method was obtained to be highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 9.27 CFU per reaction at 95% probability. By analyzing the gingival sulcus fluid specimens from 130 patients with chronic periodontitis, the results showed that the RPA-LFS method detected 118 positive cases and 12 negative cases of P. gingivalis, and the results obtained were consistent with those of a conventional PCR assay. The RPA–LFS method is an efficient, rapid, and convenient diagnostic method that simplifies the tedious process of detecting P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xuzhu Gao
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Chen, ; Xuzhu Gao,
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Effect of Bacterial Infection on Ghrelin Receptor Regulation in Periodontal Cells and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063039. [PMID: 35328456 PMCID: PMC8950409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of bacterial infection on the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) was investigated in periodontal cells and tissues, and the actions of ghrelin were evaluated. GHS-R was assessed in periodontal tissues of rats with and without periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence and absence of ghrelin. GHS-R expression was determined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, wound healing, cell viability, proliferation, and migration were evaluated. GHS-R expression was significantly higher at periodontitis sites as compared to healthy sites in rat tissues. F. nucleatum significantly increased the GHS-R expression and protein level in HGFs. Moreover, ghrelin significantly abrogated the stimulatory effects of F. nucleatum on CCL2 and IL-6 expressions in HGFs and did not affect cell viability and proliferation significantly. Ghrelin stimulated while F. nucleatum decreased wound closure, probably due to reduced cell migration. Our results show original evidence that bacterial infection upregulates GHS-R in rat periodontal tissues and HGFs. Moreover, our study shows that ghrelin inhibited the proinflammatory actions of F. nucleatum on HGFs without interfering with cell viability and proliferation, suggesting that ghrelin and its receptor may act as a protective molecule during bacterial infection on periodontal cells.
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Chen Y, Huang Z, Tang Z, Huang Y, Huang M, Liu H, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Jia B, Zhao J. More Than Just a Periodontal Pathogen –the Research Progress on Fusobacterium nucleatum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815318. [PMID: 35186795 PMCID: PMC8851061 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral opportunistic bacterium that can cause different infections. In recent years, studies have shown that F. nucleatum is enriched in lesions in periodontal diseases, halitosis, dental pulp infection, oral cancer, and systemic diseases. Hence, it can promote the development and/or progression of these conditions. The current study aimed to assess research progress in the epidemiological evidence, possible pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment methods of F. nucleatum in oral and systemic diseases. Novel viewpoints obtained in recent studies can provide knowledge about the role of F. nucleatum in hosts and a basis for identifying new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of F. nucleatum-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Jia, ; Jianjiang Zhao,
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Jia, ; Jianjiang Zhao,
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11
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Jiang Y, Song B, Brandt BW, Cheng L, Zhou X, Exterkate RAM, Crielaard W, Deng DM. Comparison of Red-Complex Bacteria Between Saliva and Subgingival Plaque of Periodontitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:727732. [PMID: 34692561 PMCID: PMC8531218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.727732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola). Saliva has been suggested as an alternative to subgingival plaque for the microbial analysis due to its easy and non-invasive collection. This systematic review aims to determine whether the levels of red-complex bacteria assessed using saliva reflect those in subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to April 30, 2021. Studies were considered eligible if microbial data of at least one of the red-complex species were reported in both saliva and subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients, based on DNA-based methods. Of the 17 included studies, 4 studies used 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, and the rest used PCR-based approaches. The detection frequency of each red-complex species in periodontitis patients was reported to be > 60% in most studies, irrespective of samples types. Meta-analyses revealed that both detection frequencies and relative abundances of red-complex bacteria in saliva were significantly lower than those in subgingival plaque. Moreover, the relative abundances of all 3 bacterial species in saliva showed significantly positive correlation with those in subgingival plaque. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that one-time saliva sampling cannot replace subgingival plaque for microbial analysis of the red-complex bacteria in periodontitis patients. Given the positive microbial associations between saliva and subgingival plaque, a thorough review of longitudinal clinical studies is needed to further assess the role of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rob A M Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Rode PA, Kolte RA, Kolte AP, Purohit HJ, Swami RK. Evaluation and association of periodontal status with levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus following nonsurgical periodontal therapy using quantitative polymerase chain reaction: An interventional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:399-404. [PMID: 34667382 PMCID: PMC8452160 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_522_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to detect and correlate the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis with clinical parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in chronic periodontitis patients with or without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) method. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients equally divided into three groups, i.e., periodontally healthy (Group I), chronic periodontitis (CP) (Group II), and CP with T2DM patients (Group III) were assessed through clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) and were correlated for the presence of P. gingivalis in the respective groups. PPD, CAL, and saliva samples for microbiological evaluation were assessed at baseline, 1-, and 3-month post-NSPT. Results: Significant reduction of PPD was found 1.26 ± 0.22 versus 0.43 ± 0.33 mm in Group I, 4.62 ± 0.78 versus 2.58 ± 0.60 mm in Group II, and 6.28 ± 1.52 versus 4.01 ± 1.38 mm in Group III post-NSPT at 3 months. Similarly, a notable reduction of CAL was exhibited in both Group II (5.28 ± 0.80 vs. 3.12 ± 0.77 mm) and Group III (7.14 ± 1.59 vs. 4.51 ± 1.38 mm) patients after NSPT at 3 months. A greater reduction of P. gingivalis concentrations was observed in both Group II and Group III at 3-month post-NSPT. Conclusion: The substantial improvement of clinical parameters was found to be in correlation with the load of P. gingivalis, which was reduced more in Group II than in Group III, emphasizing the applicability and sensitivity of Q-PCR method for its assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita Avinash Rode
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajashri Abhay Kolte
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Pandurang Kolte
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Jyotiswarup Purohit
- Environmental Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renuka Kashi Swami
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Diao J, Yuan C, Tong P, Ma Z, Sun X, Zheng S. Potential Roles of the Free Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis in Periodontal Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:711282. [PMID: 34631597 PMCID: PMC8493099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.711282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a vital mediator in the oral cavity. The dysbiosis of free bacteria in saliva might be related to the onset, development, prognosis, and recurrence of periodontal diseases, but this potential relationship is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential roles of the free salivary microbiome in different periodontal statuses, their reaction to nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and differences between diseased individuals after treatment and healthy persons. We recruited 15 healthy individuals, 15 individuals with gingivitis, and 15 individuals with stage I/II generalized periodontitis. A total of 90 unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and sequenced using full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that as the severity of disease increased, from healthy to gingivitis and periodontitis, the degree of dysbiosis also increased. A higher abundance of Prevotella intermedia and Catonella morbi and a lower abundance of Porphyromonas pasteri, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae might be biomarkers of periodontitis, with an area under curve (AUC) reaching 0.9733. When patients received supragingival scaling, there were more pathogens related to recolonization in the saliva of periodontitis patients than in healthy persons. Even after effective nonsurgical periodontal therapy, individuals with periodontitis displayed a more dysbiotic and pathogenic microbial community in their saliva than healthy individuals. Therefore, the gradual transition in the entire salivary microbial community from healthy to diseased includes a gradual shift to dysbiosis. Free salivary pathogens might play an important role in the recolonization of bacteria as well as the prognosis and recurrence of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Diao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Tong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangke Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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14
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Liu Y, Huang W, Wang J, Ma J, Zhang M, Lu X, Liu J, Kou Y. Multifaceted Impacts of Periodontal Pathogens in Disorders of the Intestinal Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693479. [PMID: 34386004 PMCID: PMC8353228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a common inflammatory disease, is considered a hazardous factor that contributes to the development of diseases of the digestive system as well as other systems. The bridge between periodontitis and systemic diseases is believed to be periodontal pathogens. The intestine, as part of the lower gastrointestinal tract, has a close connection with the oral cavity. Within the intestine, the intestinal barrier acts as a multifunctional system including microbial, mucous, physical and immune barrier. The intestinal barrier forms the body's first line of defense against external pathogens; its breakdown can lead to pathological changes in the gut and other organs or systems. Reports in the literature have described how oral periodontal pathogens and pathobiont-reactive immune cells can transmigrate to the intestinal mucosa, causing the destruction of intestinal barrier homeostasis. Such findings might lead to novel ideas for investigating the relationship between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases. This review summarizes studies on the effects of periodontal pathogens on the intestinal barrier, which might contribute to understanding the link between periodontitis and gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- School of Stomatology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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15
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Ma J, Kageyama S, Takeshita T, Shibata Y, Furuta M, Asakawa M, Yamashita Y. Clinical utility of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in salivary microbiota for detecting periodontitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253502. [PMID: 34170942 PMCID: PMC8232462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva contains diverse bacteria shed from various oral sites, including subgingival plaque. It is reasonable to focus on the total occupancy of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria (SUBP bacteria), which live in subgingival environments, in the saliva for detecting periodontitis using salivary testing. This study aimed to validate the clinical utility of SUBP bacteria in the salivary microbiota for the detection of periodontitis. We examined stimulated saliva samples collected from 125 subjects who visited three dental clinics. The relative abundances of previously identified 11 SUBP bacteria were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and a reference-based approach. The prediction performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The SUBP bacteria accounted for 0-15.4% of the salivary microbiota, and the percentage distinguished periodontitis patients with at least 15 sites with probing depth ≥4 mm with a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.98) and specificity of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60-0.80) (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.87). Among 2,047 combinations of 11 SUBP bacteria, combinations including Streptococcus constellatus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii demonstrated significantly higher AUC values in their detection. These results suggest that examining SUBP bacteria in saliva may be useful for detecting periodontitis patients in mass screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kageyama
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukie Shibata
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michiko Furuta
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikari Asakawa
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Rath-Deschner B, Nogueira AVB, Beisel-Memmert S, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Deschner J, Jäger A, Damanaki A. Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement-an in vitro and in vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:171-181. [PMID: 34024010 PMCID: PMC8140908 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Oral Microbiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Lenartova M, Tesinska B, Janatova T, Hrebicek O, Mysak J, Janata J, Najmanova L. The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:629723. [PMID: 33828997 PMCID: PMC8019927 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.629723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of oral microbiome (OM) taxonomic composition in periodontally healthy individuals can often be biased because the clinically periodontally healthy subjects for evaluation can already experience dysbiosis. Usually, they are included just based on the absence of clinical signs of periodontitis. Additionally, the age of subjects is used to be higher to correspond well with tested groups of patients with chronic periodontitis, a disorder typically associated with aging. However, the dysbiosis of the OM precedes the clinical signs of the disease by many months or even years. The absence of periodontal pockets thus does not necessarily mean also good periodontal health and the obtained image of "healthy OM" can be distorted.To overcome this bias, we taxonomically characterized the OM in almost a hundred young students of dentistry with precise oral hygiene and no signs of periodontal disease. We compared the results with the OM composition of older periodontally healthy individuals and also a group of patients with severe periodontitis (aggressive periodontitis according to former classification system). The clustering analysis revealed not only two compact clearly separated clusters corresponding to each state of health, but also a group of samples forming an overlap between both well-pronounced states. Additionally, in the cluster of periodontally healthy samples, few outliers with atypical OM and two major stomatotypes could be distinguished, differing in the prevalence and relative abundance of two main bacterial genera: Streptococcus and Veillonella. We hypothesize that the two stomatotypes could represent the microbial succession from periodontal health to starting dysbiosis. The old and young periodontally healthy subjects do not cluster separately but a trend of the OM in older subjects to periodontitis is visible. Several bacterial genera were identified to be typically more abundant in older periodontally healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lenartova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Tesinska
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tatjana Janatova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Hrebicek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Mysak
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Janata
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., BIOCEV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Lucie Najmanova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., BIOCEV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Czechia
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18
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Kim JH, Oh JW, Lee Y, Yun JH, Choi SH, Lee DW. Quantification of Bacteria in Mouth-Rinsing Solution for the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:891. [PMID: 33671765 PMCID: PMC7926621 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing periodontitis via the identification of 18 bacterial species in mouth-rinse samples. Patients (n = 110) who underwent dental examinations in the Department of Periodontology at the Veterans Health Service Medical Center between 2018 and 2019 were included. They were divided into healthy and periodontitis groups. The overall number of bacteria, and those of 18 specific bacteria, were determined via real-time polymerase chain reaction in 92 mouth-rinse samples. Differences between groups were evaluated through logistic regression after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking history. There was a significant difference in the prevalence (healthy vs. periodontitis group) of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2.9% vs. 13.5%), Treponema denticola (42.9% vs. 69.2%), and Prevotella nigrescens (80% vs. 2.7%). Levels of Treponema denticola, Prevotella nigrescens, and Streptococcus mitis were significantly associated with severe periodontitis. We demonstrated the feasibility of detecting periopathogenic bacteria in mouth-rinse samples obtained from patients with periodontitis. As we did not comprehensively assess all periopathogenic bacteria, further studies are required to assess the potential of oral-rinsing solutions to indicate oral infection risk and the need to improve oral hygiene, and to serve as a complementary method for periodontal disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Jae-Woon Oh
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Dong-Woon Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.O.)
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19
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Bachtiar BM, Theodorea CF, Tahapary DL, Astrella C, n/a N, Bachtiar EW. A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform. F1000Res 2021; 10:79. [PMID: 34249333 PMCID: PMC8261760 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28216.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes. Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data. Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Citra F Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Astrella
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Natalina n/a
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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20
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Ruparell A, Wallis C, Haydock R, Cawthrow A, Holcombe LJ. Comparison of subgingival and gingival margin plaque microbiota from dogs with healthy gingiva and early periodontal disease. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:396-407. [PMID: 33799170 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether canine gingival margin (GM) plaque is a reliable surrogate for subgingival (SG) plaque from a microbial community (microbiota) perspective. SG and GM plaque samples were collected from 381 dogs visiting pet hospitals in the USA, China and Thailand. Dogs with clinically healthy gingivae through to early periodontitis were included in the study. The samples were subject to next generation Illumina sequence analysis to allow microbiota comparisons to be made between the two plaque sources. Overall, the SG and GM samples indicated commonality via the majority community that were shared between them; health associations led to the identification of some significant taxa-specific differences. GM microbiota exhibited lower variability and diversity and were shown to reflect a sub-population of those associated with SG plaque. Both plaque niches, however, demonstrated similar changes in microbial signatures with health and early periodontal disease and did not indicate divergent trends. The key, most abundant microbiota of GM plaque strongly reflect those observed with SG plaque across health and early periodontitis. Microbiota in plaque from above the gum line may therefore be employed as a biomarker of oral health. This opens up the potential to use plaque, sampled from conscious dogs, to define oral health status and improve the diagnosis, treatments and interventions for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avika Ruparell
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Corrin Wallis
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Haydock
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Cawthrow
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J Holcombe
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
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21
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Differences in the bacteriome of swab, saliva, and tissue biopsies in oral cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1181. [PMID: 33441939 PMCID: PMC7806708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. We analyzed the compositional and metabolic profile of the bacteriome in three specific niches in oral cancer patients along with controls using 16SrRNA sequencing (Illumina Miseq) and DADA2 software. We found major differences between patients and control subjects. Bacterial communities associated with the tumor surface and deep paired tumor tissue differed significantly. Tumor surfaces carried elevated abundances of taxa belonging to genera Porphyromonas, Enterobacteriae, Neisseria, Streptococcus and Fusobacteria, whereas Prevotella, Treponema, Sphingomonas, Meiothermus and Mycoplasma genera were significantly more abundant in deep tissue. The most abundant microbial metabolic pathways were those related to fatty-acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and amino-acid metabolism on the tumor surface: carbohydrate metabolism and organic polymer degradation were elevated in tumor tissues. The bacteriome of saliva from patients with oral cancer differed significantly from paired tumor tissue in terms of community structure, however remained similar at taxonomic and metabolic levels except for elevated abundances of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, and acetoin-biosynthesis, respectively. These shifts to a pro-inflammatory profile are consistent with other studies suggesting oncogenic properties. Importantly, selection of the principal source of microbial DNA is key to ensure reliable, reproducible and comparable results in microbiome studies.
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22
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Chumponsuk T, Gruneck L, Gentekaki E, Jitprasertwong P, Kullawong N, Nakayama J, Popluechai S. The salivary microbiota of Thai adults with metabolic disorders and association with diet. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 122:105036. [PMID: 33421657 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate abundance of specific bacterial taxa in the saliva of 105 Thai adults with different BMI (lean, overweight, and obese) and T2DM subjects using qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of various bacteria taxa. DESIGN We employed qPCR targeting 16S rRNA genes to explore the bacterial profiles and abundances in the saliva of Thai adult subjects with different BMI and T2DM. Multivariate statistical analyses (multiple factor analysis (MFA) and sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) were performed to assess the associations of salivary bacteria with diet, blood profile, gender, age, and use of antibiotics. RESULTS We found that abundance profiles of the examined salivary bacteria were similar across the four groups. When diet, blood profile, and gender, age, and use of antibiotics were considered, significant differences were noted between subgroups. A positive correlation was also found between consumption of carbonate soft drinks and Bacteroidetes, Gamma-proteobacteria, Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Fusobacterium nucleatum. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the relative abundance of salivary bacteria in adult Thai subjects with different levels of BMI and T2DM. Regardless of the similar pattern of bacterial profiles across groups, sPLS-DA analysis highlighted the influence of host variables (gender, age, and use of antibiotics) on the abundance of salivary microbiota. Our findings pave the way for further hypothesis testing to gain insight into the association between host factors and salivary microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucsame Gruneck
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Niwed Kullawong
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
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23
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Moshtaha W. Oral Complications of Dental Prosthetic for Patients after Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Treatment. DENTAL HYPOTHESES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_57_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Effectiveness of single versus multiple sessions of photodynamic therapy as adjunct to scaling and root planing on periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102035. [PMID: 33011399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Barbadoro P, Ponzio E, Coccia E, Prospero E, Santarelli A, Rappelli GGL, D'Errico MM. Association between hypertension, oral microbiome and salivary nitric oxide: A case-control study. Nitric Oxide 2020; 106:66-71. [PMID: 33186726 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the oral cavity is a powerful resource for the human body, especially when NO-syntethase production is not adequate. The role of oral microbiome in determining blood pressure levels has been linked to the active role of some bacterial species involved in the nitro-reducing process. In the present study we investigated the correlation between selected oral microbiome characteristics, nitric oxide (NO) concentration in saliva and their association with hypertension. METHODS A case-control study including 48 (25 normotensive and 23 hypertensive subjects), subjects between 50 and 70 years old, was carried out at the dental clinic of an Italian teaching hospital. Characteristics of participants have been evaluated by means of a physical examination, and by an assisted interview. A real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Veillonella dispar and Neisseria subflava as well as total bacterial count. Nitric oxide in saliva was evaluated by the ELISA method. RESULTS Normotensive subjects, compared with hypertensive subjects, had significantly higher concentration of NO (165.77 ± 61.7 vs 57.49 ± 19.61 μmol/l; p = 0.023), and higher bacterial concentration of the supragingival plaque (4.73E+07 ± 4.33+07 vs 4.02E+07 ± 4.00+07; p = 0.024). Bacterial species, usually associated to good oral health status, such as Neisseria subflava, were significantly more present in normotensive subjects than in hypertensive ones (9090.88 ± 5481.49 vs 4791.35 ± 4349.37; p < 0.001). considering the concentration of bacteria as a biomarker of the development of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The results support the association between hypertension, oral microbiome and salivary nitric oxide, in fact do the results allow us to establish any biomarkers (microbial or biochemical, NO) that allow early therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barbadoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Ponzio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Erminia Coccia
- School of Dentistry, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emilia Prospero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- School of Dentistry, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Marcello M D'Errico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Khosravi Y, Kandukuri RDP, Palmer SR, Gloag ES, Borisov SM, Starke EM, Ward MT, Kumar P, de Beer D, Chennu A, Stoodley P. Use of an oxygen planar optode to assess the effect of high velocity microsprays on oxygen penetration in a human dental biofilms in-vitro. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:230. [PMID: 32825831 PMCID: PMC7441732 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents. METHODS To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human saliva and dental plaque. These biofilms were subject to "shooting" treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device. RESULTS HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qPCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions. CONCLUSION We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Khosravi
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - Sara R Palmer
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erin S Gloag
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marilyn T Ward
- Philips Oral Healthcare, Bothell, Washington, 98021, USA
| | - Purnima Kumar
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Arjun Chennu
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. .,Department Orthopaedics, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. .,National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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27
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Aldakheel FM, Alduraywish SA, Jhugroo P, Jhugroo C, Divakar DD. Quantification of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers, individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems and non-smokers with and without periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104793. [PMID: 32544646 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to quantify pathogenic bacteria isolated from the subgingival oral-biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers and ENDS-users with periodontitis, when compared to non-smokers with and without periodontitis. METHODS Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque [PI] and gingival [GI] indices, clinical attachment loss [CAL], probing depth [PD] and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Subgingival oral bio-film samples were collected and assessed for periodontopathogenic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [A. actinomycetemcomitans], Prevotella intermedia [P. intermedia], Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis], Tannerella forsythia [T. forsythia] and Treponema denticola [T. denticola]). Group-comparisons were performed; and P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS All cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and non-smokers with periodontitis had Grade-B periodontitis. The CFU/mL of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P < 0.001) and P. gingivalis (P < 0.001) were significantly higher among cigarette-smokers (P < 0.01) and ENDS-users (P < 0.01) than non-smokers with periodontitis. The CFU/mL of T. denticola were significantly higher among cigarette-smokers (P < 0.001), ENDS-users (P < 0.001) and non-smokers with periodontitis (P < 0.001) compared with non-smokers without periodontitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the CFU/mL of P. intermedia and T. denticola among cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and non-smokers with periodontitis. CONCLUSION Counts of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral-biofilm are comparable among cigarette-smokers and individuals using ENDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shatha A Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sattam Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Poojdev Jhugroo
- CAP Research Ltd., 2nd Floor, Orbis Court, 132 St. Jean Road, 72218, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
| | - Chitra Jhugroo
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Ruparell A, Warren M, Staunton R, Deusch O, Dobenecker B, Wallis C, O'Flynn C, McGenity P, Holcombe LJ. Effect of feeding a daily oral care chew on the composition of plaque microbiota in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:133-141. [PMID: 32569891 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of daily feeding of an oral care chew on the composition of canine supragingival plaque microbiota. Twelve beagle dogs were recruited to the randomized cross-over study. The dogs were fed one of two dietary regimes, both consisting of a commercially available wet and dry diet mix, either with or without daily supplementation with an oral care chew. After each 28-day test phase, supragingival plaque samples were collected and processed via Illumina sequencing to determine the microbiota composition. A comparative analysis of bacterial species associated with health and periodontal disease, identified from prior clinical studies, revealed differences between the dietary regimes. Consumption of the daily oral care chew, resulted in a significant increase in proportion of 6 health associated taxa but only 3 disease associated taxa compared to no chew. In contrast, 8 disease and 1 health associated taxa showed increased proportions for no chew versus the oral care chew. Daily feeding of the oral care chew tested in this study has therefore been shown to increase the proportion of health associated bacteria, over bacteria associated with periodontal disease, in supragingival plaque compared to no chew. By influencing plaque microbiota towards a bias for health associated bacteria, feeding of the oral care chew provides a means to reduce the prevalence of bacterial species shown to be associated with periodontal disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avika Ruparell
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Marie Warren
- Mars Petcare Global Innovation Centre for Care & Treats, Birstall, West Yorkshire WF17 9LU, UK
| | - Ruth Staunton
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Oliver Deusch
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Britta Dobenecker
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Corrin Wallis
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Ciaran O'Flynn
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Phil McGenity
- Mars Petcare Global Innovation Centre for Care & Treats, Birstall, West Yorkshire WF17 9LU, UK
| | - Lucy J Holcombe
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
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29
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Rath-Deschner B, Memmert S, Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Götz W, Deschner J, Jäger A, Nogueira AVB. CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 modulation by microbial and biomechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues-in vitro and in vivo studies. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3661-3670. [PMID: 32124070 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was established to investigate whether the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are produced in periodontal cells and tissues and, if so, whether their levels are regulated by microbial and/or mechanical signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemokine expression and protein levels in gingival biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The chemokines were also analyzed in gingival biopsies from rats subjected to experimental periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, chemokine levels were determined in periodontal fibroblasts exposed to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and mechanical forces by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Higher CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 levels were found in human and rat gingiva from sites of periodontitis as compared with periodontally healthy sites. In the rat experimental periodontitis model, the bacteria-induced upregulation of these chemokines was significantly counteracted by orthodontic forces. In vitro, F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of all chemokines at 1 day. When the cells were subjected simultaneously to F. nucleatum and mechanical forces, the upregulation of chemokines was significantly inhibited. The transcriptional findings were paralleled at protein level. CONCLUSIONS This study provides original evidence in vitro and in vivo that the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are regulated by both microbial and mechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues. Furthermore, our study revealed that biomechanical forces can counteract the stimulatory actions of F. nucleatum on these chemokines. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mechanical loading might aggravate periodontal infection by compromising the recruitment of immunoinflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Oral Microbiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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30
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Belstrøm D. The salivary microbiota in health and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1723975. [PMID: 32128039 PMCID: PMC7034443 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1723975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao R, Huang R, Long H, Li Y, Gao M, Lai W. The dynamics of the oral microbiome and oral health among patients receiving clear aligner orthodontic treatment. Oral Dis 2020; 26:473-483. [PMID: 31418980 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This 6-month prospective clinical study assessed the impacts of Invisalign appliances on the oral bacterial community and oral health of patients. METHODS Salivary samples were obtained from twenty-five adult patients receiving Invisalign aligner treatment before the treatment (Group B) and at a 6-month follow-up (Group P). The bacterial composition of each sample was determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA. Intra- and intergroup biodiversity was analyzed. Clinical periodontal parameters and daily oral hygiene habits were recorded. RESULTS Reduction in plaque, increased daily brushing frequency, and decreased dessert intake were observed in Group P compared with that in Group B. A total of 1,853,952 valid reads were obtained from the 50 salivary samples, with 37,904 sequences per sample. No significant differences were detected in the intra- and intergroup biodiversity comparisons between the two groups. By clustering, 8,885 OTUs were identified and categorized into six major phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Candidate_division_TM7_norank. At the genus level, compared with Group B, Group P demonstrated significantly increased Bacillus abundance and decreased Prevotella abundance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the general biodiversity and salivary microbial community structure did not change significantly and that patients had increased beneficial oral hygiene habits and awareness during the first six months of Invisalign treatment. Hence, on the basis of this study, it appears that Invisalign aligner treatment did not induce deterioration of oral health nor significant biodiversity changes in oral bacterial communities, assuming that detailed oral hygiene instructions for both teeth and aligners were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renhuan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Singh S, Singh S, Tiwari MB, Pal US, Kumar S. Microflora analysis in the postchemotherapy patients of oral cancer. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2019; 10:141-145. [PMID: 31798247 PMCID: PMC6883871 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess changes in oral microflora in dental plaque from cancer patients within 7 days of the first course of chemotherapy and the relationship of the changes with mucositis. Materials and Methods: Thirty cancer patients, divided into a test group undergoing chemotherapy and a control group not undergoing chemotherapy, were enrolled in this pilot study. Oral microflora was cultured from three samples of dental plaque at t0 (before chemotherapy), t1 (1 day after chemotherapy), and t2 (7 days after chemotherapy). Single and crossed descriptive analyses were used to establish prevalence, and the Chi-square test was used to establish the statistical significance of the differences observed in distributions (significance level: P < 0.05). Results: In most patients (55%), oral microflora consisted mainly of Gram-positive cocci, while the remaining 45% of the bacterial flora also had periodontal-pathogenic species. No Porphyromonas gingivalis appeared in the test group. Actinobacillus was the least frequently found bacterium among periodontal pathogens in the test group, while Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequently found. No significant differences were found in quantitative bacterial changes between t0, t1, and t2 in either the test or control groups, or between the two groups. According to World Health Organization scores, oral mucositis developed in 10 patients (66.6%) in the test group. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study indicate that there were no changes in microflora in dental plaque in cancer patients within 7 days of the first course of chemotherapy. No correlations between oral mucositis and specific microorganisms were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Singh
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M B Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U S Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Li W, Cao X, He L, Meng H, Yang B, Liao Y. TLR4 polymorphisms may increase susceptibility to periodontitis in Pg-positive individuals. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7828. [PMID: 31772831 PMCID: PMC6875378 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. Design 241 Chinese subjects from the cohort of Beijing Shijingshan Community were recruited. Buccal swab samples, the whole unstimulated saliva and periodontal clinical parameters were collected. Human DNA extracted from buccal swab samples were used for genotyping eight SNPs of the TLR4 gene (rs11536889, rs1927906, rs1927911, rs2149356, rs4986790, rs4986791, rs2737190, rs787384) by the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was detected from the deposition of the whole unstimulated saliva through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on 16S rRNA. The correlation between SNPs of TLR4 and chronic periodontitis susceptibility in the whole subjects and the patients detected with P. gingivalis was investigated. Results The variants of rs4986790 and rs4986791 were not found in 241 Chinese subjects. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the distribution of theother6 SNPs of TLR4 between groups of none/mild -periodontitis and moderate/severe-periodontitis subjects. When combined with P. gingivalis infection, rs1927911 (TT/CC+CT), rs2149356 (TT/GG+GT) and rs2737190 (GG/AA+AG) were independent risk factors of chronic periodontitis. Conclusion Three SNPs of TLR4, i.e., rs1927911 (TT/CC+CT), rs2149356 (TT/GG+GT) and rs2737190 (GG/AA+AG), were associated with moderate/severe chronic periodontitis in Chinese population infected with P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis, which interacted with TLR4 gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Cao
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingtao Yang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liao
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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34
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HS-SPME-GC-MS approach for the analysis of volatile salivary metabolites and application in a case study for the indirect assessment of gut microbiota. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7551-7562. [PMID: 31641822 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a straightforward analytical approach based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of salivary volatile organic compounds without any prior derivatization step. With a sample volume of 500 μL, optimal conditions were achieved by allowing the sample to equilibrate for 10 min at 50 °C and then extracting the samples for 10 min at the same temperature, using a carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibre. The method allowed the simultaneous identification and quantification of 20 compounds in sample headspace, including short-chain fatty acids and their derivatives which are commonly analysed after analyte derivatization. The proof of applicability of the methodology was performed with a case study regarding the analysis of the dynamics of volatile metabolites in saliva of a single subject undergoing 5-day treatment with rifaximin antibiotic. Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected over 3 weeks from a nominally healthy volunteer before, during, and after antibiotic treatment. The variations of some metabolites, known to be produced by the microbiota and by bacteria that are susceptible to antibiotics, suggest that the study of the dynamics of salivary metabolites can be an excellent indirect method for analysing the gut microbiota. This approach is novel from an analytical standpoint, and it encourages further studies combining saliva metabolite profiles and gut microbiota dynamics. Graphical abstract.
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35
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Damgaard C, Danielsen AK, Enevold C, Massarenti L, Nielsen CH, Holmstrup P, Belstrøm D. Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva associates with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1653123. [PMID: 31489129 PMCID: PMC6713147 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1653123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the salivary microbiota of patients with aggressive periodontitis, patients with chronica periodontitis and orally healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 81 unstimulated saliva samples from aggressive periodontitis patients (n = 31), chronic periodontitis patients (n = 25), and orally healthy controls (n = 25) were examined. The V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene was sequenced with Illumina® MiSeqTM, and sequences were annotated to the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). Results: A mean percentage of 97.6 (range: 89.8–99.7) of sequences could be identified at species level. Seven bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, were identified with significantly higher relative abundance in saliva from aggressive periodontitis patients than in saliva from orally healthy controls. Salivary abundance of P. gingivalis could discriminate aggressive (AUC: 0.80, p = 0.0001) and chronic periodontitis (AUC: 0.72, p = 0.006) from healthy controls. Likewise, salivary presence of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with aggressive (p < 0.0001, RR: 8.1 (95% CI 2.1–31.2)) and chronic periodontitis (p = 0.002, RR: 6.5 (95% CI: 1.6–25.9)). Conclusion: Salivary presence and relative abundance of P. gingivalis associate with aggressive and chronic periodontitis, but do not discriminate between aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Nokhbehsaim M, Nogueira AVB, Memmert S, Damanaki A, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Deschner J. Regulation of ghrelin receptor by microbial and inflammatory signals in human osteoblasts. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e025. [PMID: 31038565 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory hormone ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor GHS-R may play a pivotal role in periodontal health and diseases. However, their exact regulation and effects in periodontitis are not known. The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the effect of microbial and inflammatory insults on the GHS-R1a expression in human osteoblast-like cells. MG-63 cells were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence and absence of GHRL for up to 2 d. Subsequently, gene expressions of GHS-R1a, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase were analyzed by real-time PCR. GHS-R protein synthesis and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation were assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. IL-1β and F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of GHS-R1a expression and an increase in GHS-R1a protein. Pre-incubation with a MEK1/2 inhibitor diminished the IL-1β-induced GHS-R1a upregulation. IL-1β and F. nucleatum also enhanced the expressions of cyclooxygenase 2, CC-chemokine ligand 2, IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase 1, but these stimulatory effects were counteracted by GHRL. By contrast, the stimulatory actions of IL-1β and F. nucleatum on the GHS-R1a expression were further enhanced by GHRL. Our study provides original evidence that IL-1β and F. nucleatum regulate the GHS-R/GHRL system in osteoblast-like cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory and proteolytic actions of IL-1β and F. nucleatum on osteoblast-like cells are inhibited by GHRL. Our study suggests that microbial and inflammatory insults upregulate GHS-R1a, which may represent a protective negative feedback mechanism in human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- University of Bonn, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Memmert
- University of Bonn, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Damanaki
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- University of Bern, Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Deschner
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Mainz, Germany
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37
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Hsiao JR, Chang CC, Lee WT, Huang CC, Ou CY, Tsai ST, Chen KC, Huang JS, Wong TY, Lai YH, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Wu SY, Yen CJ, Chang JY, Lin CL, Weng YL, Yang HC, Chen YS, Chang JS. The interplay between oral microbiome, lifestyle factors and genetic polymorphisms in the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:778-787. [PMID: 29668903 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor oral hygiene may lead to overgrowth of pathogenic oral bacteria, which may induce chronic inflammation to promote the oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study investigated the association between oral bacterial profile and OSCC risk in a case-control study of 138 OSCC cases and 151 controls (88 cases and 90 controls for the discovery group and 50 cases and 61 controls for the validation group). Oral bacterial profiles were characterized by targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Three species of periodontopathogenic bacteria, Prevotella tannerae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia, were associated with an increased OSCC risk. This association was modified by the genetic polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4. Use of alcohol, betel quids and cigarettes and poor oral hygiene were associated with a higher percentage of oral periodontopathogenic bacteria. The association between alcohol and periodontopathogenic bacteria was modified by the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2, with a stronger positive association observed among the ALDH2-deficient individuals. The percentage of periodontopathogenic bacteria was positively correlated with the level of salivary IL1β, an inflammatory cytokine. Overall, our results showed a positive association between periodontopathogenic bacteria and OSCC risk and this relationship may be influenced by lifestyle and genetic factors. Our results provided further biological support for the established association between poor oral hygiene and OSCC risk. This suggested that improving oral hygiene may reduce OSCC risk and should be part of a public health campaign to prevent the occurrence of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chi Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Chung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Shyun Huang
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yiu Wong
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Weng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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38
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Alanzi A, Honkala S, Honkala E, Varghese A, Tolvanen M, Söderling E. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis on gingival health, dental plaque, and periodontopathogens in adolescents: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:593-602. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 on the gingival health, dental plaque accumulation, and the oral carriage of four putative periodontal pathogens in healthy adolescents. 108 schoolboys, aged 13-15 years, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: probiotics (n=54) and placebo (n=54). Both groups received two probiotic-laced or placebo lozenges twice a day during a four-week period. Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at baseline and after four weeks. Salivary and plaque carriage of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum were also monitored likewise. 101 subjects completed the study. A statistically significant reduction in GI was seen in the probiotic group as compared to the placebo group (P=0.012). A reduction in PI was found for both groups, with no difference observed between the groups after intervention (P=0.819). Probiotic lozenges significantly reduced levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum in saliva and plaque (P<0.05) and levels of P. gingivalis in plaque (P<0.05), while no significant changes were found in the control group. A significant reduction (P<0.001) was also noted in the total salivary bacterial counts of the test group. The short-term daily consumption of LGG and BB-12 probiotic lozenges improved the gingival health in adolescents and decreased the microbial counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. gingivalis. Hence probiotic supplements may serve as a simple adjunct to standard oral care for promoting the oral health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Alanzi
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - S. Honkala
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - E. Honkala
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - A. Varghese
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - M. Tolvanen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - E. Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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39
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Belstrøm D, Grande MA, Sembler-Møller ML, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Influence of periodontal treatment on subgingival and salivary microbiotas. J Periodontol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA United States
- Department of Oral Medicine; Infection & Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA United States
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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40
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Memmert S, Nogueira AVB, Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Divnic-Resnik T, Spahr A, Rath-Deschner B, Till A, Götz W, Cirelli JA, Jäger A, Deschner J. Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 in oral inflammation and infection. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2933-2941. [PMID: 29442188 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) 1 is a p53 target gene with possible involvement in oral inflammation and infection. This study sought to examine the presence and regulation of DRAM1 in periodontal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β and Fusobacterium nucleatum for up to 2 days. The DRAM1 synthesis and its regulation were analyzed by real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and ELISA. Expressions of other autophagy-associated genes were also studied by real-time PCR. In vivo, synthesis of DRAM1 in gingival biopsies from rats and patients with and without periodontal disease was examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. For statistics, ANOVA and post-hoc tests were applied (p < 0.05). RESULTS In vitro, DRAM1 was significantly upregulated by IL-1β and F. nucleatum over 2 days and a wide range of concentrations. Additionally, increased DRAM1 protein levels in response to both stimulants were observed. Autophagy-associated genes ATG3, BAK1, HDAC6, and IRGM were also upregulated under inflammatory or infectious conditions. In vivo, the DRAM1 gene expression was significantly enhanced in rat gingival biopsies with induced periodontitis as compared to control. Significantly increased DRAM1 levels were also detected in human gingival biopsies from sites of periodontitis as compared to healthy sites. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel evidence that DRAM1 is increased under inflammatory and infectious conditions in periodontal cells and tissues, suggesting a pivotal role of DRAM1 in oral inflammation and infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE DRAM1 might be a promising target in future diagnostic and treatment strategies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Memmert
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - A V B Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - A Damanaki
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Divnic-Resnik
- Department/Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Spahr
- Department/Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Till
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - A Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Noel Martin Visiting Chair, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Role of Cathepsin S in Periodontal Inflammation and Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4786170. [PMID: 29362520 PMCID: PMC5736933 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4786170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease and regulator of autophagy with possible involvement in periodontitis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether cathepsin S is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Human periodontal fibroblasts were cultured under inflammatory and infectious conditions elicited by interleukin-1β and Fusobacterium nucleatum, respectively. An array-based approach was used to analyze differential expression of autophagy-associated genes. Cathepsin S was upregulated most strongly and thus further studied in vitro at gene and protein levels. In vivo, gingival tissue biopsies from rats with ligature-induced periodontitis and from periodontitis patients were also analyzed at transcriptional and protein levels. Multiple gene expression changes due to interleukin-1β and F. nucleatum were observed in vitro. Both stimulants caused a significant cathepsin S upregulation. A significantly elevated cathepsin S expression in gingival biopsies from rats with experimental periodontitis was found in vivo, as compared to that from control. Gingival biopsies from periodontitis patients showed a significantly higher cathepsin S expression than those from healthy gingiva. Our findings provide original evidence that cathepsin S is increased in periodontal cells and tissues under inflammatory and infectious conditions, suggesting a critical role of this autophagy-associated molecule in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Regulation of Ghrelin Receptor by Periodontal Bacteria In Vitro and In Vivo. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4916971. [PMID: 29317796 PMCID: PMC5727798 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4916971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin plays a major role in obesity-related diseases which have been shown to be associated with periodontitis. This study sought to analyze the expression of the functional receptor for ghrelin (GHS-R1a) in periodontal cells and tissues under microbial conditions in vitro and in vivo. The GHS-R1a expression in human periodontal cells challenged with the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, in gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and diseased individuals, and from rats with and without ligature-induced periodontitis was analyzed by real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence. F. nucleatum induced an initial upregulation and subsequent downregulation of GHS-R1a in periodontal cells. In rat experimental periodontitis, the GHS-R1a expression at periodontitis sites was increased during the early stage of periodontitis, but significantly reduced afterwards, when compared with healthy sites. In human gingival biopsies, periodontally diseased sites showed a significantly lower GHS-R1a expression than the healthy sites. The expression of the functional ghrelin receptor in periodontal cells and tissues is modulated by periodontal bacteria. Due to the downregulation of the functional ghrelin receptor by long-term exposure to periodontal bacteria, the anti-inflammatory actions of ghrelin may be diminished in chronic periodontal infections, which could lead to an enhanced periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction.
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Microbial profile comparisons of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182992. [PMID: 28800622 PMCID: PMC5553731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare microbial profiles of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in patients with periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that saliva can be an alternative to pooled subgingival samples, when screening for presence of periopathogens. Design Site specific subgingival plaque samples (n = 54), pooled subgingival plaque samples (n = 18) and stimulated saliva samples (n = 18) were collected from 18 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival and salivary microbiotas were characterized by means of HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results Pronounced intraindividual differences were recorded in site-specific microbial profiles, and site-specific information was in general not reflected by pooled subgingival samples. Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia and Parvimona micra in site-specific subgingival samples were detected in saliva with an AUC of 0.79 (sensitivity: 0.61, specificity: 0.94), compared to an AUC of 0.76 (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.94) in pooled subgingival samples. Conclusions Site-specific presence of periodontal pathogens was detected with comparable accuracy in stimulated saliva samples and pooled subgingival plaque samples. Consequently, saliva may be a reasonable surrogate for pooled subgingival samples when screening for presence of periopathogens. Future large-scale studies are needed to confirm findings from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kageyama S, Takeshita T, Asakawa M, Shibata Y, Takeuchi K, Yamanaka W, Yamashita Y. Relative abundance of total subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in salivary microbiota reflects the overall periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174782. [PMID: 28369125 PMCID: PMC5378373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is being focused on evaluating the salivary microbiota as a promising method for monitoring oral health; however, its bacterial composition greatly differs from that of dental plaque microbiota, which is a dominant etiologic factor of oral diseases. This study evaluated the relative abundance of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in the salivary microbiota and examined a relationship between the abundance and severity of periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis. Four samples (subgingival and supragingival plaques, saliva, and tongue coating) per each subject were collected from 14 patients with a broad range of severity of periodontitis before periodontal therapy. The bacterial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Ion PGM. Of the 66 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing the mean relative abundance of ≥ 1% in any of the four niches, 12 OTUs corresponding to known periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, were characteristically predominant in the subgingival plaque and constituted 37.3 ± 22.9% of the microbiota. The total relative abundance of these OTUs occupied only 1.6 ± 1.2% of the salivary microbiota, but significantly correlated with the percentage of diseased sites (periodontal pocket depth ≥ 4 mm; r = 0.78, P < 0.001), in addition to the abundance of subgingival plaque microbiota (r = 0.61, P = 0.02). After periodontal therapy, the total relative abundance of these 12 OTUs was evaluated as well as before periodontal therapy and reductions of the abundance through periodontal therapy were strongly correlated in saliva and subgingival plaque (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). Based on these results, salivary microbiota might be a promising target for the evaluation of subgingival plaque-derived bacteria representing the present condition of periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kageyama
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikari Asakawa
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukie Shibata
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamanaka
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- YA Dental Clinic, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Nickles K, Scharf S, Röllke L, Dannewitz B, Eickholz P. Comparison of Two Different Sampling Methods for Subgingival Plaque: Subgingival Paper Points or Mouthrinse Sample? J Periodontol 2017; 88:399-406. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nickles
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Scharf
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lasse Röllke
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bettina Dannewitz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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O'Brien-Simpson NM, Burgess K, Lenzo JC, Brammar GC, Darby IB, Reynolds EC. Rapid Chair-Side Test for Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:618-625. [PMID: 28182517 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517691720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen of chronic periodontitis, and its intraoral levels have been shown to predict disease progression (activity). An accurate and sensitive chair-side (point of care) test to determine disease activity is critical for early intervention and clinical management of disease. This study aimed to develop a rapid, chair-side, saliva-based detection of P. gingivalis. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the A1-adhesin domain of the P. gingivalis RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microbial flow cytometry, with 2 mAbs shown to recognize all laboratory and clinical strains tested, without significantly cross-reacting with other oral bacteria tested. With these mAbs, an immunochromatographic device was produced and shown in preclinical studies to detect, in inoculated saliva, all P. gingivalis laboratory strains and clinical isolates tested. The device was able to detect ≥1 × 105 P. gingivalis cells/mL. In a patient age- and sex-matched control clinical cohort, P. gingivalis levels in saliva-as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction-positively correlated with P. gingivalis levels in subgingival plaque ( r = 0.819, P < 0.01) and clinical parameters of disease ( r = 0.633, P < 0.01). A positive device result strongly correlated with P. gingivalis levels >1 × 105 cells/mL in saliva ( r = 0.778, P < 0.001) and subgingival plaque ( r = 0.715, P < 0.001) with sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and accuracy levels of 95.0%, 93.3%, 90.5%, 96.6%, and 94.0%, respectively. The device result also positively correlated ( r = 0.695, P < 0.01) with disease severity as measured by probing depth. Detection of P. gingivalis in saliva was found to be rapid, taking 3 min from sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M O'Brien-Simpson
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Burgess
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J C Lenzo
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G C Brammar
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I B Darby
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E C Reynolds
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pan S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Li S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang C, Xiao S. Profiling of subgingival plaque biofilm microbiota in adolescents after completion of orthodontic therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171550. [PMID: 28158292 PMCID: PMC5291508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fixed orthodontic treatment is the most common method for malocclusion but has the potential risk of periodontal complication with unclear outcomes of whether microbiologic and clinical changes could be reversible in adolescents after orthodontic therapy. Methods Twenty adolescents with orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study as the case group at end of the therapy, while 19 periodontally healthy adolescents were involved in the control group. At baseline (T0), clinical parameters including gingival index, probing depth and sulcus bleeding index were tested, and subgingival plaque samples were collected from the lower incisors. The counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and total bacteria were determined by real-time PCR. All parameters were reassessed after 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2) in the case group and compared with that of the controls. Results At baseline (T0), clinical parameters (including GI, PD, SBI) of the test sites in the case group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). At 3 months (T2), no differences were noticed in GI and SBI between two groups. The prevalence and counts of periodontopathogens tend to be normal (P>0.05), while PD and the amount of P.intermedia were still significantly higher compared with that of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion After removal of appliances, the periodontal changes induced by orthodontic therapy are only partially reversible at 3 months after removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (SX)
| | - Shuiqing Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (SX)
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Yang X, Li C, Pan Y. The Influences of Periodontal Status and Periodontal Pathogen Quantity on Salivary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Interleukin-17 Levels. J Periodontol 2016; 87:591-600. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Inverse Association of Plasma IgG Antibody to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and High C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148638. [PMID: 26871443 PMCID: PMC4752452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between clinically diagnosed periodontitis, a common chronic oral infection, and metabolic syndrome has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma IgG levels against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia, C-reactive protein, and periodontal status with metabolic syndrome. Plasma IgG levels and C-reactive protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and salivary levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among 127 individuals aged 35–76 years, 57 participants had metabolic syndrome and severe periodontitis, 25 had metabolic syndrome and an absence of severe periodontitis, 17 healthy individuals had severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy individuals were without severe periodontitis. Patients with metabolic syndrome had reduced humoral immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.008), regardless of their salivary levels or periodontitis status compared with healthy participants. The IgG antibody response to P. gingivalis, regardless of their salivary levels or participants’ health condition, was significantly higher in severe periodontitis patients (p<0.001). Plasma IgG titers for P. intermedia were inconsistent among metabolic syndrome or periodontal participants. Our results indicate that the presence of lower levels of IgG antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 0.1; 95%CI 0.0–0.7), but not P. gingivalis, a severe periodontitis status (OR = 7.8; 95%CI 1.1–57.0), high C-reactive protein levels (OR = 9.4; 95%CI 1.0–88.2) and body mass index (OR = 3.0; 95%CI 1.7–5.2), are associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. The role of the decreased IgG antibody response to A. actinomycetemcomitans, increased C-reactive protein levels on the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome in a group of Thai patients is suggested.
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Deng S, Wang Y, Sun W, Chen H, Wu G. Scaling and root planning, and locally delivered minocycline reduces the load of Prevotella intermedia in an interdependent pattern, correlating with symptomatic improvements of chronic periodontitis: a short-term randomized clinical trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1795-803. [PMID: 26676022 PMCID: PMC4675638 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s93982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the respective or combinatory efficacy of locally delivered 2% minocycline (MO), and scaling and root planning (SRP) by assessing both clinical parameters and the loads of four main periodontal pathogens in treating chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods Seventy adults with CP were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups: 1) SRP alone; 2) MO alone; and 3) combinatory use of SRP and MO (SRP + MO). Before and 7 days after the treatments, we evaluated both clinical parameters (pocket depth [PD] and sulcus bleeding index [SBI]) and the gene load of four main periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [Aa], Fusobacterium nucleatum [Fn], Porphyromonas gingivalis [Pg], and Prevotella intermedia [Pi]). Results The bacterial prevalence per patient was: Aa, 31.25%; Fn, 100%; Pg, 95.31%; and Pi, 98.44%. Seven days after treatment, the three treatments significantly reduced both PD and SBI, but not detection frequencies of the four pathogens. For PD, the reduction efficacy of SRP + MO was significantly higher than that of either MO or SRP. Only Pg responded significantly to SRP. Pg and Fn were significantly reduced in the presence of MO. Only SRP + MO showed a significant reduction effect on the gene load of Pi. The reduction of PD significantly correlated with the gene load of Pi (r=0.26; P=0.042) but not of the other bacteria. Conclusion SRP and MO reduced the load of Pi in an interdependent pattern, which correlated with symptomatic improvements of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Deng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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