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Kitano M, Ohnishi H, Makino A, Miyamoto T, Hayashi Y, Mizuno K, Kaba S, Kawai Y, Kojima T, Kishimoto Y, Yamamoto N, Tomonaga K, Omori K. An Infection Model for SARS-CoV-2 Using Rat Transplanted with hiPSC-Airway Epithelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38832872 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the infection mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the airway epithelium and developing effective defense strategies against infection are important. To achieve this, establishing appropriate infection models is crucial. Therefore, various in vitro models, such as cell lines and primary cultures, and in vivo models involving animals that exhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and genetically humanized animals have been used as animal models. However, no animal model has been established that allows infection experiments with human cells under the physiological environment of airway epithelia. Therefore, we aimed to establish a novel animal model that enables infection experiments using human cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway epithelial cell-transplanted nude rats (hiPSC-AEC rats) were used, and infection studies were performed by spraying lentiviral pseudoviruses containing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the GFP gene on the tracheae. After infection, immunohistochemical analyses revealed the existence of GFP-positive-infected transplanted cells in the epithelial and submucosal layers. In this study, a SARS-CoV-2 infection animal model including human cells was established mimicking infection through respiration, and we demonstrated that the hiPSC-AEC rat could be used as an animal model for basic research and the development of therapeutic methods for human-specific respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kitano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube City, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Shinji Kaba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kojima
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe city, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
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2
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Ma J, Tian Z, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Affinity chromatography for virus-like particle manufacturing: Challenges, solutions, and perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464851. [PMID: 38574547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing medical application of virus-like particles (VLPs), notably vaccines and viral vectors, has increased the demand for commercial VLP production. However, VLP manufacturing has not yet reached the efficiency level achieved for recombinant protein therapeutics, especially in downstream processing. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges associated with affinity chromatography for VLP purification with respect to the diversity and complexity of VLPs and the associated upstream and downstream processes. The use of engineered affinity ligands and matrices for affinity chromatography is first discussed. Although several representative affinity ligands are currently available for VLP purification, most of them have difficulty in balancing ligand universality, ligand selectivity and mild operation conditions. Then, phage display technology and computer-assisted design are discussed as efficient methods for the rapid discovery of high-affinity peptide ligands. Finally, the VLP purification by affinity chromatography is analyzed. The process is significantly influenced by virus size and variation, ligand type and chromatographic mode. To address the updated regulatory requirements and epidemic outbreaks, technical innovations in affinity chromatography and process intensification and standardization in VLP purification should be promoted to achieve rapid process development and highly efficient VLP manufacturing, and emphasis is given to the discovery of universal ligands, applications of gigaporous matrices and platform technology. It is expected that the information in this review can provide a better understanding of the affinity chromatography methods available for VLP purification and offer useful guidance for the development of affinity chromatography for VLP manufacturing in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zengquan Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinghong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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3
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Camelo ALM, Zamora Obando HR, Rocha I, Dias AC, Mesquita ADS, Simionato AVC. COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics? Metabolites 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38668323 PMCID: PMC11051775 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Melo Camelo
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Hans Rolando Zamora Obando
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Isabela Rocha
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Aline Cristina Dias
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Alessandra de Sousa Mesquita
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics—INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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Correa RA, Arancibia F, De Ávila Kfouri R, Chebabo A, García G, Gutiérrez Robledo LM, Lopardo G, Nemerovsky J, Pérez CM, Rendon A, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Aggarwal B, Berzanskis A, Cintra O. Understanding the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults in Latin America: An Expert Perspective on Knowledge Gaps. Pulm Ther 2024; 10:1-20. [PMID: 38358618 PMCID: PMC10881952 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-024-00253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant global health concern and major cause of hospitalization, particularly among infants and older adults. The clinical impact of RSV is well characterized in infants; however, in many countries, the burden and risk of RSV in older populations are overlooked. In Latin America, there are limited data on RSV epidemiology and disease management in older adults. Therefore, the impact of RSV in this region needs to be addressed. Here, current insights on RSV infections in older populations in Latin America, including those with underlying health conditions, are discussed. We also outline the key challenges limiting our understanding of the burden of RSV in Latin America in a worldwide context and propose an expert consensus to improve our understanding of the burden of RSV in the region. By so doing, we aim to ultimately improve disease management and outcomes of those at risk and to alleviate the impact on healthcare systems.A graphical plain language summary is available with this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim Correa
- Medical School, Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco Arancibia
- Pulmonary Department, Instituto Nacional del Tórax and Clínica Santa María, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Renato De Ávila Kfouri
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Specialist, Brazilian Pediatric Society and Brazilian Immunization, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Chebabo
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Miguel Gutiérrez Robledo
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "S Zubiran" and National Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Lopardo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Nemerovsky
- Geriatrician Physician, Argentine Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian Rendon
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias (CIPTIR), Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
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Halinouskaya NV, Smychok VB, Nikalaeva NV, Zvenigorodskaya NO, Tabanjkova YV, Kabylka LA, Korsak ES. [Functional status of patients after myocardial revascularization combined with chronic low back pain at the sanatorium-resort stage of medical rehabilitation]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2024; 101:30-41. [PMID: 38372735 DOI: 10.17116/kurort202410101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, increasing in proportion to the growth of the older population. Rehabilitative measures in patients who have undergone the myocardial revascularization, with back pain currently have insufficient evidence base. The differentiated program of medical rehabilitation (MR) at the stage of sanatorium-resort treatment is not regulated. A description of the comorbid patients' functional status will create a differentiated system of individual rehabilitation program set up. OBJECTIVE To develop an algorithm for assessing the functional status of patients after myocardial revascularization with chronic low back pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS The single-center cross-sectional cohort study (September 2021 - May 2022 yrs) included 50 patients after a myocardial revascularization with chronic low back pain (36 women, 14 men; median age 63.5 [55.5; 67.5] years), who were the study group and 10 patients with CIHD (5 women, 5 men; median age 65.0 [62.0; 68.0] years) who joined the control group. All patients underwent clinical (neurological and therapeutic examination), functional (clinical tests, echocardiography) and laboratory (general and biochemical blood analysis, blood cytokine levels) investigations, the functional class of impairment was defined. RESULTS There are 4 groups with combined pain syndrome (cardiogenic and vertebrogenic) in different ratios due to different functional and laboratory status among patients after the myocardial revascularization with chronic back pain. The presence of cardiogenic pain syndrome was associated with an increase in leukocyte and peripheral blood glucose levels, interleukin-6, myocardial mass enlargement, while vertebrogenic pain syndrome correlated with personal anxiety. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the functional status of patients according to the degree of severity of cardiogenic and vertebrogenic pain syndrome has revealed a simple method of pathogenetically based differentiation selection for individual rehabilitation program of patient development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V B Smychok
- National Science and Practice Centre of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | | | | | - L A Kabylka
- Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus
| | - E S Korsak
- Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus
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6
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Melinte OE, Robu Popa D, Dobrin ME, Cernomaz AT, Grigorescu C, Nemes AF, Gradinaru AC, Vicol C, Todea DA, Vulturar DM, Cioroiu IB, Trofor AC. Assessment of Some Risk Factors and Biological Predictors in the Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Asthmatic Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 38248722 PMCID: PMC10820086 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID-19 or post-COVID infection (PCI) refers to the prolongation of symptoms in people who have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Some meta-analysis studies have shown that patients with comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity or hypertension, have severe complications after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The presence of chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, COPD, pulmonary hypertension or cystic fibrosis increases the risk of developing severe forms of the COVID-19 disease. The risk of developing the severe form of COVID-19 was observed in patients with bronchial asthma being treated with corticosteroids, but also in those hospitalized with severe asthma. The biological variables determined in patients with PCI infection showed changes, especially in the hematological parameters, but also in some inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to investigate some biological predictors in post-COVID-19 infection in patients with asthma and various comorbidities. In the case of patients diagnosed with moderate and severe forms of COVID-19, the variation in biological tests has shown high concentrations for serum glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein. Additionally, the calculation of the relative risk (RR) based on the associated comorbidities in patients with PCI points to higher values for patients with asthma, hypertension, diabetes and obesity (RR moderate/severe form = 0.98/1.52), compared to patients with PCI and asthma (RR moderate/severe form = 0.36/0.63). Based on the statistical results, it can be concluded that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (p = 0.006) and the age of patients (p = 0.001) are the variables that contribute the most to the separation of the four classes of comorbidities considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Elena Melinte
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.E.M.); (A.T.C.); (C.V.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Daniela Robu Popa
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.E.M.); (A.T.C.); (C.V.); (A.C.T.)
| | | | - Andrei Tudor Cernomaz
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.E.M.); (A.T.C.); (C.V.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Cristina Grigorescu
- Discipline of the Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Adina Catinca Gradinaru
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristina Vicol
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.E.M.); (A.T.C.); (C.V.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Discipline of Pneumology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj, Romania; (D.A.T.); (D.M.V.)
| | - Damiana Maria Vulturar
- Discipline of Pneumology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj, Romania; (D.A.T.); (D.M.V.)
| | - Ionel Bogdan Cioroiu
- Romanian Academy-Iasi Branch, Research Center for Oenology, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Antigona Carmen Trofor
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.E.M.); (A.T.C.); (C.V.); (A.C.T.)
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Violán C, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Collatuzzo G, Ditano G, Abedini M, Janke C, Reinkemeyer C, Giang LTT, Liviero F, Scapellato ML, Mauro M, Rui F, Porru S, Spiteri G, Monaco MGL, Carta A, Otelea M, Rascu A, Fabiánová E, Klöslová Z, Boffetta P, Torán-Monserrat P. Multimorbidity and Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Nine Months after 1st Vaccine Dose: European Cohort of Healthcare Workers-Orchestra Project. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1340. [PMID: 37631908 PMCID: PMC10459685 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding antibody persistence concerning multimorbidity is crucial for vaccination policies. Our goal is to assess the link between multimorbidity and serological response to SARS-CoV-2 nine months post-first vaccine. We analyzed Healthcare Workers (HCWs) from three cohorts from Italy, and one each from Germany, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain. Seven groups of chronic diseases were analyzed. We included 2941 HCWs (78.5% female, 73.4% ≥ 40 years old). Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% of HCWs. The prevalence of each chronic condition ranged between 1.9% (cancer) to 10.3% (allergies). Two regression models were fitted, one considering the chronic conditions groups and the other considering whether HCWs had diseases from ≥2 groups. Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% of HCWs, and higher 9-months post-vaccine anti-S levels were significantly associated with having received three doses of the vaccine (RR = 2.45, CI = 1.92-3.13) and with having a prior COVID-19 infection (RR = 2.30, CI = 2.15-2.46). Conversely, lower levels were associated with higher age (RR = 0.94, CI = 0.91-0.96), more time since the last vaccine dose (RR = 0.95, CI = 0.94-0.96), and multimorbidity (RR = 0.89, CI = 0.80-1.00). Hypertension is significantly associated with lower anti-S levels (RR = 0.87, CI = 0.80-0.95). The serological response to vaccines is more inadequate in individuals with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Violán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Mataró, Spain; (L.A.C.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les Seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (2021 SGR 01537), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) (RD21/0016/0029), Insitituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Ctra. de Barcelona, 473, Sabadell, 08204 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lucía A. Carrasco-Ribelles
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Mataró, Spain; (L.A.C.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les Seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (2021 SGR 01537), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) (RD21/0016/0029), Insitituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Giorgia Ditano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Mahsa Abedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU Klinikum, Leopoldstraße 5, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.J.); (C.R.)
| | - Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU Klinikum, Leopoldstraße 5, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.J.); (C.R.)
| | - Le Thi Thu Giang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Filippo Liviero
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Marcella Mauro
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rui
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Stefano Porru
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Carta
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Otelea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (M.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Agripina Rascu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (M.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eleonóra Fabiánová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; (E.F.); (Z.K.)
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Klöslová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; (E.F.); (Z.K.)
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Mataró, Spain; (L.A.C.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Ctra. de Barcelona, 473, Sabadell, 08204 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17001 Girona, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society (GREMSAS) (2021 SGR 01484), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Barcelona, Spain
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Mediavilla JR, Lozy T, Lee A, Kim J, Kan VW, Titova E, Amin A, Zody MC, Corvelo A, Oschwald DM, Baldwin A, Fennessey S, Zuckerman JM, Kirn T, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chow KF, Maniatis T, Perlin DS, Kreiswirth BN. Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals in a Large Healthcare Organization from New Jersey. Viruses 2023; 15:1699. [PMID: 37632041 PMCID: PMC10457875 DOI: 10.3390/v15081699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
New Jersey was among the first states impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the highest overall death rates in the nation. Nevertheless, relatively few reports have been published focusing specifically on New Jersey. Here we report on molecular, clinical, and epidemiologic observations, from the largest healthcare network in the state, in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs collected in nine hospitals from December 2020 through June 2022, using both whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a real-time RT-PCR screening assay targeting spike protein mutations found in variants of concern (VOCs) within our region. De-identified clinical data were obtained retrospectively, including demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, ICU admission, ventilator support, mortality, and medical history. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination status, clinical outcomes, and medical risk factors. A total of 5007 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were successfully screened and/or sequenced. Variant screening identified three predominant VOCs, including Alpha (n = 714), Delta (n = 1877), and Omicron (n = 1802). Omicron isolates were further sub-typed as BA.1 (n = 899), BA.2 (n = 853), or BA.4/BA.5 (n = 50); the remaining 614 isolates were classified as "Other". Approximately 31.5% (1577/5007) of the samples were associated with vaccine breakthrough infections, which increased in frequency following the emergence of Delta and Omicron. Severe clinical outcomes included ICU admission (336/5007 = 6.7%), ventilator support (236/5007 = 4.7%), and mortality (430/5007 = 8.6%), with increasing age being the most significant contributor to each (p < 0.001). Unvaccinated individuals accounted for 79.7% (268/336) of ICU admissions, 78.3% (185/236) of ventilator cases, and 74.4% (320/430) of deaths. Highly significant (p < 0.001) increases in mortality were observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but not with obesity, thyroid disease, or respiratory disease. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in clinical outcomes were also noted between SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. Vaccination was associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in our study, despite an increase in breakthrough infections associated with waning immunity, greater antigenic variability, or both. Underlying comorbidities contributed significantly to mortality in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with increasing risk based on the total number of comorbidities. Real-time RT-PCR-based screening facilitated timely identification of predominant variants using a minimal number of spike protein mutations, with faster turnaround time and reduced cost compared to WGS. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants will likely require ongoing surveillance for new VOCs, with real-time assessment of clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Mediavilla
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tara Lozy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Annie Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Justine Kim
- Hackensack Meridian Health Biorepository, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Veronica W. Kan
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Elizabeth Titova
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Ashish Amin
- Hackensack Meridian Health Biorepository, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Michael C. Zody
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | - André Corvelo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Amy Baldwin
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Jerry M. Zuckerman
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ 08837, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Thomas Kirn
- Public Health and Environmental Laboratories, New Jersey Department of Health, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kar Fai Chow
- Hackensack Meridian Health Biorepository, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Tom Maniatis
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Barry N. Kreiswirth
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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9
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Banerjee A, Somasundaram I, Das D, Jain Manoj S, Banu H, Mitta Suresh P, Paul S, Bisgin A, Zhang H, Sun XF, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112631. [PMID: 37299594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked to enhanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut microbiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because their respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity, and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indumathi Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samatha Jain Manoj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Husaina Banu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavane Mitta Suresh
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, San Pablo 76130, Mexico
| | - Atil Bisgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Division of Ocology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, SE-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Smail SW, Babaei E, Amin K, Abdulahad WH. Serum IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145840. [PMID: 37283736 PMCID: PMC10239952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The hyperinflammatory response, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most common cause of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The etiopathogenesis of this illness is not fully understood. Macrophages appear to play a key part in COVID-19's pathogenic effects. Therefore, this study aims to examine serum inflammatory cytokines associated with the activation state of macrophages in COVID-19 patients and attempt to find accurate predictive markers for disease severity and mortality risk in hospital. Methods 180 patients with COVID-19 and 90 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. Patients were divided into three different subgroups, mild (n=81), severe (n=60), and critical groups (n=39). Serum samples were collected and IL (Interleukin)-10, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) were determined by ELISA. In parallel, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using colorimetric and electrochemiluminescence methods, respectively. Data were collected, and their associations with disease progression and mortality were assessed using regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Compared to HCs, a significant increase in IL-23, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1, were observed in COVID-19 patients. Serum levels of IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with critical cases compared to mild and severe cases, and correlated positively with CRP level. However, non-significant changes were found in serum MPO and CCL3 among the studied groups. Moreover, significant positive association has been observed among increased IL-10, IL-23 and TNF-α in serum of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression model was applied to predict death's independent factors. Results showed that IL-10 alone or in combination with IL23 and TNF-α are strongly linked with non-survivors in COVID-19 patients. Finally, ROC curve results uncovered that IL-10, IL-23 and TNF-α were excellent predictors for prognosing COVID-19. Conclusion The elevations of IL-10, IL-23, and TNF-α levels were seen in severe and critical cases of COVID-19 patients and their elevations were linked to the in-hospital mortality of the disease. A prediction model shows that the determination of these cytokines upon admission is important and should be done on COVID-19 patients as a way of evaluating the prognosis of the disease. COVID-19 Patients with high IL-10, IL-23, and TNF-α on admission are more likely to experience a severe form of the disease; therefore, those patients should be cautionary monitored and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukur Wasman Smail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Kawa Amin
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Science, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wayel H. Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Pereira LRG, da Silva MVG, Germano CMR, Estevao IF, Melo DG. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with sickle cell disease: an integrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1144226. [PMID: 37200963 PMCID: PMC10187638 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy among humans. As the condition promotes susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammation, and hypercoagulability disorders, several international agencies have included individuals with this disease in the COVID-19 risk group for severe outcomes. However, available information about the subject is not properly systematized yet. This review aimed to understand and summarize the scientific knowledge about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with sickle cell disease. Searches were performed in the Medline, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases based on descriptors chosen according to the Medical Subject Headings. We analyzed studies published between 2020 and October 2022, developed with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology, and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The search resulted in 90 articles organized into six categories. There is disagreement in the literature about how different aspects related to sickle cell disease, such as chronic inflammation status, hypercoagulability, hemolytic anemia, use of hydroxyurea, and access to medical care interference with the clinical course of COVID-19. These topics deserve further investigation. It is evident, however, that the infection may manifest in an atypical way and act as a trigger for the development of sickle cell-specific complications, such as acute chest syndrome and vaso-occlusive crises, conditions that are associated with great morbidity and mortality. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be aware of the different forms of presentation of COVID-19 among these individuals. Specific guidelines and therapeutic protocols, as well as public policies for sickle cell individuals, must be considered. Systematic review registration This review (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NH4AS) and the review protocol (https://osf.io/3y649/) are registered in the Open Science Framework platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora Gusmão Melo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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12
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Aquiles-Barzola F, Verástegui-Sandoval A, Machco-Pasmiño H, Córdova-Limaylla N, Ladera-Castañeda M, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Factors Associated with Epidemiological, Preventive and Health Care Knowledge of Dentists from North of the Peruvian Capital about COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study under a Predictive Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1020. [PMID: 36673776 PMCID: PMC9858654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim: In dental practice there is a high risk of contact with fluids that may contain SARS-CoV-2. Salivary secretions in the form of droplets are the main route of infection. The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge of dentists from the north of the Peruvian capital about COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This analytical, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study evaluated 142 dental professionals from the Directorate of Integrated Health Networks (DIRIS) in the north of the Peruvian capital during June to August 2022. A validated questionnaire of 20 closed multiple-choice questions was used to measure the level of epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge about COVID-19. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the following variables: age, sex, marital status, children, origin, university of origin, academic degree, work modality, work status and number of training courses. In addition, a predictive model was constructed with the causal variables considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge about COVID-19 was fair in 17.6%, 34.5% and 57.7%, respectively. Likewise, all the variables analyzed were influential factors. It was observed that being single (OR = 0.05, CI: 0.01−0.26), having studied at a private university (OR = 0.09, CI: 0.023−0.38) and having received four to six trainings on COVID-19 related topics (OR = 0.02, CI: 0.002−0.238) were protective factors against fair knowledge. Conclusions: More than half of the dentists surveyed had fair knowledge about COVID-19. The factors that favored a good level of overall knowledge were: being single, having studied at a private university and having received 4 to 6 training courses on COVID-19-related topics. It is advisable that the competent authorities continue to educate dental professionals with training programs about infection control practices in accordance with the health care work they perform in their specialty. It will also be of utmost importance for the professional to be updated with reliable information accredited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Aquiles-Barzola
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Professional Academic School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Arturo Verástegui-Sandoval
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Professional Academic School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Heriberto Machco-Pasmiño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Professional Academic School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Nancy Córdova-Limaylla
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
- Academic Program of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
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13
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Serum interleukin 1β and sP-selectin as biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis, could they be predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 Egyptian patients? (a cross-sectional study). Thromb J 2022; 20:77. [PMID: 36522776 PMCID: PMC9754776 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-022-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolism was a chief cause of mortality in 70% of patients with COVID-19. Our objective was to see if serum interleukins 1 beta (IL-1β) and soluble platelets selectin (sP-selectin) could serve as novel markers of thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients. METHODS This cross sectional study involved 89 COVID-19 patients who were recruited from 1st of February to 1st of May 2021. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and chest imaging was performed. The levels of IL-1β and sP-selectin were assessed in all cases through ELISA kits. Comparisons between groups were done using an unpaired t-test in normally distributed quantitative variables. In contrast, a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used for non-normally distributed quantitative variables. RESULTS Severe COVID-19 infection was associated with higher serum levels of CRP, Ferritin, LDH, D dimer, IL-1β and sP-selectin (P < 0.001) with significant correlation between levels of IL-1β and sP-selectin (r 0.37, P < 0.001), D-dimer (r 0.29, P 0.006) and Ferritin (r 0.5, p < 0.001). Likewise, a positive correlation was also found between levels of sP-selectin, D-dimer and Ferritin (r 0.52, P < 0.001) (r 0.59, P < 0.001). Imaging studies revealed that 9 (10.1%) patients developed venous and 14 (15.7%) developed arterial thrombosis despite receiving anticoagulant therapy. Patients with thrombotic events had significantly higher levels of IL-1β, sP-selectin and LDH serum levels. Meanwhile, there was no statistical significance between CRP, D-dimer or Ferritin levels and the development of thrombotic events. CONCLUSION IL-1β and sP-selectin levels can be promising predictors for severe COVID-19 infection and predictable thrombosis.
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14
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Gül F, Gonen ZB, Jones OY, Taşlı NP, Zararsız G, Ünal E, Özdarendeli A, Şahin F, Eken A, Yılmaz S, Karakukçu M, Kırbaş OK, Gökdemir NS, Bozkurt BT, Özkul Y, Oktay BD, Uygut MA, Cinel I, Çetin M. A pilot study for treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia by aerosolized formulation of convalescent human immune plasma exosomes (ChipEXO™). Front Immunol 2022; 13:963309. [PMID: 36439138 PMCID: PMC9682905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a single-center prospective, open-label, single arm interventional study to test the safety and efficacy of recently described ChipEXO™ for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The ChipEXO™ is a natural product derived from convalescent human immune plasma of patients recovered from moderate COVID-19 infection. In September 2021, 13 patients with pending respiratory failure were treated with ChipEXO™ adapted for aerosolized formulation delivered via jet nebulizer. Patients received 1-5x1010 nano vesicle/5 mL in distilled water twice daily for five days as an add-on to ongoing conventional COVID-19 treatment. The primary endpoint was patient safety and survival over a 28-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was longitudinal assessment of clinical parameters following ChipEXO™ to evaluate treatment response and gain insights into the pharmacodynamics. ChipEXO™ was tolerated well without any allergic reaction or acute toxicity. The survival rate was 84.6% and 11 out of 13 recovered without any sequel to lungs or other organs. ChipEXO™ treatment was effective immediately as shown in arterial blood gas analyses before and two hours after exosome inhalation. During the 5 days of treatment, there was a sustainable and gradual improvement on oxygenation parameters: i.e. respiratory rate (RR) [20.8% (P < 0.05)], oxygen saturation (SpO2) [6,7% (P < 0.05)] and partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) [127.9% (P < 0.05)] that correlated with steep decrease in the disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, i.e. the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (75%, p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (46% p < 0.05), ferritin (58% p = 0.53), D-dimer (28% p=0.46). In conclusion, aerosolized ChipEXO™ showed promising safety and efficacy for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies on larger patient populations are required to confirm our findings and understand the pathophysiology of improvement toward a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Gül
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Division of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Olcay Y. Jones
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Neslihan Pakize Taşlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gökmen Zararsız
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ekrem Ünal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Özdarendeli
- Faculty of Medicine, Vaccine Research and Development Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Semih Yılmaz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Musa Karakukçu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Oğuz Kaan Kırbaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Seda Gökdemir
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Batuhan Turhan Bozkurt
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Özkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Burçin Doruk Oktay
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Division of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Ali Uygut
- Vaccine Research and Development Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Cinel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Division of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Çetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
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15
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Gül F, Gonen ZB, Jones OY, Taşlı NP, Zararsız G, Ünal E, Özdarendeli A, Şahin F, Eken A, Yılmaz S, Karakukçu M, Kırbaş OK, Gökdemir NS, Bozkurt BT, Özkul Y, Oktay BD, Uygut MA, Cinel I, Çetin M. A pilot study for treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia by aerosolized formulation of convalescent human immune plasma exosomes (ChipEXO™). Front Immunol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.963309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a single-center prospective, open-label, single arm interventional study to test the safety and efficacy of recently described ChipEXO™ for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The ChipEXO™ is a natural product derived from convalescent human immune plasma of patients recovered from moderate COVID-19 infection. In September 2021, 13 patients with pending respiratory failure were treated with ChipEXO™ adapted for aerosolized formulation delivered via jet nebulizer. Patients received 1-5x1010 nano vesicle/5 mL in distilled water twice daily for five days as an add-on to ongoing conventional COVID-19 treatment. The primary endpoint was patient safety and survival over a 28-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was longitudinal assessment of clinical parameters following ChipEXO™ to evaluate treatment response and gain insights into the pharmacodynamics. ChipEXO™ was tolerated well without any allergic reaction or acute toxicity. The survival rate was 84.6% and 11 out of 13 recovered without any sequel to lungs or other organs. ChipEXO™ treatment was effective immediately as shown in arterial blood gas analyses before and two hours after exosome inhalation. During the 5 days of treatment, there was a sustainable and gradual improvement on oxygenation parameters: i.e. respiratory rate (RR) [20.8% (P < 0.05)], oxygen saturation (SpO2) [6,7% (P < 0.05)] and partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) [127.9% (P < 0.05)] that correlated with steep decrease in the disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, i.e. the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (75%, p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (46% p < 0.05), ferritin (58% p = 0.53), D-dimer (28% p=0.46). In conclusion, aerosolized ChipEXO™ showed promising safety and efficacy for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies on larger patient populations are required to confirm our findings and understand the pathophysiology of improvement toward a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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16
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Gül F, Gonen ZB, Jones OY, Taşlı NP, Zararsız G, Ünal E, Özdarendeli A, Şahin F, Eken A, Yılmaz S, Karakukçu M, Kırbaş OK, Gökdemir NS, Bozkurt BT, Özkul Y, Oktay BD, Uygut MA, Cinel I, Çetin M. A pilot study for treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia by aerosolized formulation of convalescent human immune plasma exosomes (ChipEXO™). Front Immunol 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.963309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a single-center prospective, open-label, single arm interventional study to test the safety and efficacy of recently described ChipEXO™ for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The ChipEXO™ is a natural product derived from convalescent human immune plasma of patients recovered from moderate COVID-19 infection. In September 2021, 13 patients with pending respiratory failure were treated with ChipEXO™ adapted for aerosolized formulation delivered via jet nebulizer. Patients received 1-5x1010 nano vesicle/5 mL in distilled water twice daily for five days as an add-on to ongoing conventional COVID-19 treatment. The primary endpoint was patient safety and survival over a 28-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was longitudinal assessment of clinical parameters following ChipEXO™ to evaluate treatment response and gain insights into the pharmacodynamics. ChipEXO™ was tolerated well without any allergic reaction or acute toxicity. The survival rate was 84.6% and 11 out of 13 recovered without any sequel to lungs or other organs. ChipEXO™ treatment was effective immediately as shown in arterial blood gas analyses before and two hours after exosome inhalation. During the 5 days of treatment, there was a sustainable and gradual improvement on oxygenation parameters: i.e. respiratory rate (RR) [20.8% (P < 0.05)], oxygen saturation (SpO2) [6,7% (P < 0.05)] and partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) [127.9% (P < 0.05)] that correlated with steep decrease in the disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, i.e. the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (75%, p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (46% p < 0.05), ferritin (58% p = 0.53), D-dimer (28% p=0.46). In conclusion, aerosolized ChipEXO™ showed promising safety and efficacy for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies on larger patient populations are required to confirm our findings and understand the pathophysiology of improvement toward a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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17
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Mello VD, Pereira VDP, Rodrigues JPV, Penteado STDS, Pereira LRL, Varallo FR. Eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central potencialmente relacionados aos medicamentos utilizados na COVID-19: revisão de escopo. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e166. [DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo.
Identificar eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central (SNC) potencialmente associados ao uso de medicamentos para profilaxia ou tratamento da COVID-19, bem como caracterizar os indivíduos acometidos.
Métodos.
Desenvolveu-se uma revisão de escopo a partir de estratégia de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram incluídos estudos com indivíduos que utilizaram medicamentos como medida profilática ou curativa para COVID-19 e que apresentaram ao menos um evento adverso no SNC. Foram excluídos os artigos que reportaram eventos adversos no SNC potencialmente associados a medicamentos para outras condições de saúde.
Resultados.
Recuperaram-se 1 547 artigos, dos quais oito atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Em sete estudos, o desenho foi do tipo observacional. Foram analisados 3 035 indivíduos, dos quais 1 701 eram profissionais da saúde e 1 978, mulheres. A terapia mais utilizada foi a curativa (n = 5), com hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir e azitromicina. Os eventos adversos comumente descritos foram dor de cabeça, tontura, distúrbios de humor e sonolência. Suicídio foi o evento grave mais frequente. Seis eventos foram inesperados para hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina e doxiciclina (mioclonias, tremor, distúrbio de marcha, disgeusia, hiperidrose e inquietação).
Conclusão.
Os eventos adversos no SNC foram inespecíficos e, geralmente, potencialmente associados ao uso de hidroxicloroquina em monoterapia ou em associação para tratamento curativo da COVID-19. Os dados corroboram a relação desfavorável de risco/benefício desses medicamentos na prevenção e no manejo dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Mello
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Vinícius de Paula Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Fabiana Rossi Varallo
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
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18
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Gupta A, Qaisar R, Halwani R, Kannan M, Ahmad F. TFPI and FXIII negatively and S100A8/A9 and Cystatin C positively correlate with D-dimer in COVID-19. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1570-1576. [PMID: 35723053 PMCID: PMC9554165 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
D-dimer is an established biomarker of thromboembolism and severity in COVID-19. We and others have recently reported the dysregulation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), FXIII, fibrinolytic pathway, inflammatory markers, and tissue injury markers, particularly in severe COVID-19. However, association of these markers with thromboembolism in COVID-19 remains elusive. The correlation analyses between these markers in patients with moderate (non-ICU) and severe COVID-19 (ICU) were performed to delineate the potential pathomechanisms and impact of thromboembolism. We observe a negative correlation of plasma TFPI (r2 = 0.148, P = 0.035), FXIII (r2 = 0.242, P = 0.006), and plasminogen (r2 = 0.27, P = 0.003) with D-dimer, a biomarker of thromboembolism, levels in these patients. Further analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between fibrinolytic markers tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (r2 = 0.584, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, a significant positive correlation of PAI-1, but not tPA, was observed with platelets and endothelial cells dysfunction markers P-selectin (r2 = 0.184, P = 0.01) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40 L) (r2 = 0.163, P = 0.02). Moreover, calprotectin (S100A8/A9) and cystatin C (CST3), previously linked with thromboembolism, exhibited positive correlations with each other (r2 = 0.339, P = 0.0007) and with the level of D-dimer independently in COVID-19. Finally, the tissue injury marker myoglobin demonstrated a strong positive correlation with D-dimer (r2 = 0.408, P = 0.0001). Taken together, inverse correlations of TFPI and FXIII with D-dimer suggest the TF pathway activation and aberrant fibrin polymerization in COVID-19 patients. The elevated level of PAI-1 is potentially contributed by activated platelets and endothelial cells. S100A8/A9 may also play roles in impaired fibrinolysis and thromboembolism, in part, through regulating the CST3. These findings strengthen the understanding of thromboembolism and tissue injury and may help in better management of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Meganathan Kannan
- Blood and Vascular Biology Research Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE,Firdos Ahmad.
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SARS-CoV-2 infection- induced growth factors play differential roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Life Sci 2022; 304:120703. [PMID: 35700841 PMCID: PMC9188443 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims Biologically active molecules cytokines and growth factors (GFs) are critical regulators of tissue injury/repair and emerge as key players in COVID-19 pathophysiology. However, specific disease stage of GFs dysregulation and, whether these GFs have associations with thromboembolism and tissue injury/repair in COVID-19 remain vague. Main methods GF profiling in hospitalized moderate (non-ICU) and critically ill (ICU) COVID-19 patients was performed through legendPlex assay. Key findings Investigation revealed profound elevation of VEGF, PDGFs, EGF, TGF-α, FGF-basic, and erythropoietin (EPO) in moderate cases and decline or trend of decline with disease advancement. We found strong positive correlations of plasma VEGF, PDGFs, and EPO with endothelial dysfunction markers P-selectin and sCD40L. Interestingly, the HGF and G-CSF were upregulated at the moderate stage and remained elevated at the severe stage of COVID-19. Moreover, strong negative correlations of PDGFs (r2 = 0.238, P = 0.006), EPO (r2 = 0.18, P = 0.01) and EGF (r2 = 0.172, P = 0.02) and positive correlation of angiopoietin-2 (r2 = 0.267, P = 0.003) with D-dimer, a marker of thromboembolism, was observed. Further, plasma PDGFs (r2 = 0.199, P = 0.01), EPO (r2 = 0.115, P = 0.02), and EGF (r2 = 0.108, P = 0.07) exhibited negative correlations with tissue injury marker, myoglobin. Significance Taken together, unlike cytokines, most of the assessed GFs were upregulated at the moderate stage of COVID-19. The induction of GFs likely occurs due to endothelial dysfunction and may counter the adverse effects of cytokine storms which is reflected by inverse correlations of PDGFs, EPO, and EGF with thromboembolism and tissue injury markers. The findings suggest that the assessed GFs play differential roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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20
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Ahmad R, Haque M. Surviving the Storm: Cytokine Biosignature in SARS-CoV-2 Severity Prediction. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040614. [PMID: 35455363 PMCID: PMC9026643 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The world has been stricken mentally, physically, and economically by the COVID-19 virus. However, while SARS-CoV-2 viral infection results in mild flu-like symptoms in most patients, a number of those infected develop severe illness. These patients require hospitalization and intensive care. The severe disease can spiral downwards with eventual severe damage to the lungs and failure of multiple organs, leading to the individual’s demise. It is necessary to identify those who are developing a severe form of illness to provide early management. Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the mechanisms and chemical mediators that lead to critical conditions in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This paper reviews studies regarding the individual chemical mediators, pathways, and means that contribute to worsening health conditions in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Abstract A significant part of the world population has been affected by the devastating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has deleterious effects on mental and physical health and global economic conditions. Evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immunopathology such as neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased response of type I interferon, monocyte, and macrophage dysregulation. Even though most individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus suffer mild symptoms similar to flu, severe illness develops in some cases, including dysfunction of multiple organs. Excessive production of different inflammatory cytokines leads to a cytokine storm in COVID-19 infection. The large quantities of inflammatory cytokines trigger several inflammation pathways through tissue cell and immune cell receptors. Such mechanisms eventually lead to complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, intravascular coagulation, capillary leak syndrome, failure of multiple organs, and, in severe cases, death. Thus, to devise an effective management plan for SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is necessary to comprehend the start and pathways of signaling for the SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced cytokine storm. This article discusses the current findings of SARS-CoV-2 related to immunopathology, the different paths of signaling and other cytokines that result in a cytokine storm, and biomarkers that can act as early signs of warning for severe illness. A detailed understanding of the cytokine storm may aid in the development of effective means for controlling the disease’s immunopathology. In addition, noting the biomarkers and pathophysiology of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection as early warning signs can help prevent severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Plot No 4 Road 8/9, Sector-1, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or
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