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Pak YA, Posada MM, Bacon J, Long A, Annes W, Witcher J, Mitchell M, Tirona RG, Hall SD, Hillgren KM. Prediction of the Renal Organic Anion Transporter 1 (OAT1)- Mediated Drug Interactions for LY404039, the Active Metabolite of Pomaglumetad Methionil. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2499-2511. [PMID: 36635486 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this work was to demonstrate that clinical OAT1-mediated DDIs can be predicted using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. METHODS LY404039 is a metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 agonist and the active moiety of the prodrug pomaglumetad methionil (LY2140023). After oral administration, pomaglumetad methionil is rapidly taken up by enterocytes via PEPT1 and once absorbed, converted to LY404039 via membrane dehydropeptidase 1 (DPEP1). LY404039 is renally excreted by both glomerular filtration and active secretion and in vitro studies showed that the active secretion of LY404039 was mediated by the organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). Both clinical and in vitro data were used to build a PBPK model to predict OAT1-mediated DDIs. RESULTS In vitro inhibitory potencies (IC50) of the known OAT inhibitors, probenecid and ibuprofen, were determined to be 4.00 and 2.63 µM, respectively. Subsequently, clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) study showed probenecid reduced the renal clearance of LY404039 by 30 to 40%. The PBPK bottom-up model, predicted a renal clearance that was approximately 20% lower than the observed one. The middle-out model, using an OAT1 relative activity factor (RAF) of 3, accurately reproduced the renal clearance of LY404039 and pharmacokinetic (PK) changes of LY404039 in the presence of probenecid. CONCLUSIONS OAT1- mediated DDIs can be predicted using in vitro measured IC50 and PBPK modeling. The effect of ibuprofen was predicted to be minimal (AUC ratio of 1.15) and not clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Anne Pak
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Maria M Posada
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - James Bacon
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - William Annes
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Jennifer Witcher
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Malcolm Mitchell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Rommel G Tirona
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen D Hall
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
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Granda ML, Prince DK, Fiehn O, Chen Y, Rajabi T, Yeung CK, Hoofnagle AN, Kestenbaum B. Metabolomic Profiling Identifies New Endogenous Markers of Tubular Secretory Clearance. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:23-31. [PMID: 36700901 PMCID: PMC10101621 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0004172022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proximal tubules eliminate protein-bound toxins and drugs through secretion. Measurements or estimates of GFR do not necessarily reflect the physiologically distinct process of secretion. Clinical assessment of this important intrinsic kidney function requires endogenous markers that are highly specific for secretory transport. METHODS We used metabolomics profiling to identify candidate markers of tubular secretory clearance in 50 participants from a kidney pharmacokinetics study. We measured metabolites in three sequential plasma samples and a concurrent 10-hour timed urine sample using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. We quantified the association between estimated kidney clearance and normalized plasma peak height of each candidate solute to the clearance of administered furosemide, a protein-bound, avidly secreted medication. RESULTS We identified 528 metabolites present in plasma and urine, excluding pharmaceuticals. We found seven highly (>50%) protein-bound and 49 poorly bound solutes with clearances significantly associated with furosemide clearance and 18 solute clearances favoring an association with furosemide clearance by the 90th percentile compared with GFR. We also found four highly bound and 42 poorly bound plasma levels that were significantly associated with furosemide clearance. CONCLUSIONS We found several candidate metabolites whose kidney clearances or relative plasma levels are highly associated with furosemide clearance, an avidly secreted tracer medication of the organic anion transporters, highlighting their potential as endogenous markers of proximal tubular secretory clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Granda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - David K Prince
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yan Chen
- Analysis Group, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tanya Rajabi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine K Yeung
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Hou J, Zhong L, Liu J, Liu F, Xia C. Interaction of the main active components in Shengmai formula mediated by organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115515. [PMID: 35777609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shengmai formula (SMF) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Our previous studies have demonstrated that some components in SMF can interact with each other through breast cancer resistance protein, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3. Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) is highly expressed in kidney, mediating the elimination of many endogenous and exogenous substances. However, the interaction between the main active components in SMF and OAT1 is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the interactions of the major bioactive components in SMF mediated by OAT1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four main fractions, namely, ginseng total saponins (GTS), ophiopogon total saponins (OTS), ophiopogon total flavonoids (OTF), fructus schisandrae total lignans (STL), and 12 active components, namely, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rd and Rb1, ophiopogonin D and D', methylophiopogonanone A and B, schizandrol A and B, schizandrin A and B, were selected to explore the interactions of SMF with OAT1 using cell and rat models. RESULTS The above four main fractions in SMF all exhibited inhibitory effects on the uptake of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF), a classic substrate of OAT1. Among the 12 main effective components, only ginsenoside Re, Rd, and methylophiopogonanone A showed inhibition of 6-CF uptake. Additionally, we found that schizandrin B was transported by HEK293-OAT1 cells, and schizandrin B uptake was markedly inhibited by GTS, OTS, OTF, ginsenoside Re, Rd, and methylophiopogonanone A. In rats, ginsenoside Re, Rd, and methylophiopogonanone A jointly increased the AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and Cmax of schizandrin B, but they decreased its clearance in plasma and excretion in urine. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenoside Re, Rd, and methylophiopogonanone A were the potential inhibitors of OAT1, and may interact with some drugs serving as OAT1 substrates clinically. Schizandrin B was a potential OAT1 substrate, and its OAT1-mediated transport was inhibited by ginsenoside Re, Rd, and methylophiopogonanone A. OAT1-mediated interactions of the main active components in SMF can be regarded as one of the important compatibility mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Hou
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China; Pharmacy Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Lanping Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China.
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Nian YL, You CG. Susceptibility genes of hyperuricemia and gout. Hereditas 2022; 159:30. [PMID: 35922835 PMCID: PMC9351246 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a chronic metabolic disease that seriously affects human health. It is also a major challenge facing the world, which has brought a heavy burden to patients and society. Hyperuricemia (HUA) is the most important risk factor for gout. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the change of dietary habits, the incidence of gout in the world has increased dramatically, and gradually tends to be younger. An increasing number of studies have shown that gene mutations may play an important role in the development of HUA and gout. Therefore, we reviewed the existing literature and summarized the susceptibility genes and research status of HUA and gout, in order to provide reference for the early diagnosis, individualized treatment and the development of new targeted drugs of HUA and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Li Nian
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Chong-Ge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and severe hematological toxicity in patients receiving pemetrexed-based anticancer treatment: The prospective IPPEM study. Lung Cancer 2022; 166:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Vallon V, Nakagawa T. Renal Tubular Handling of Glucose and Fructose in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2995-3044. [PMID: 34964123 PMCID: PMC9832976 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule of the kidney is programmed to reabsorb all filtered glucose and fructose. Glucose is taken up by apical sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 whereas SGLT5 and potentially SGLT4 and GLUT5 have been implicated in apical fructose uptake. The glucose taken up by the proximal tubule is typically not metabolized but leaves via the basolateral facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 and is returned to the systemic circulation or used as an energy source by distal tubular segments after basolateral uptake via GLUT1. The proximal tubule generates new glucose in metabolic acidosis and the postabsorptive phase, and fructose serves as an important substrate. In fact, under physiological conditions and intake, fructose taken up by proximal tubules is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis. In the diabetic kidney, glucose is retained and gluconeogenesis enhanced, the latter in part driven by fructose. This is maladaptive as it sustains hyperglycemia. Moreover, renal glucose retention is coupled to sodium retention through SGLT2 and SGLT1, which induces secondary deleterious effects. SGLT2 inhibitors are new anti-hyperglycemic drugs that can protect the kidneys and heart from failing independent of kidney function and diabetes. Dietary excess of fructose also induces tubular injury. This can be magnified by kidney formation of fructose under pathological conditions. Fructose metabolism is linked to urate formation, which partially accounts for fructose-induced tubular injury, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations. Fructose metabolism favors glycolysis over mitochondrial respiration as urate suppresses aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and has been linked to potentially detrimental aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:2995-3044, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA,Correspondence to and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan,Correspondence to and
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Gonzalez Melo M, Fontana AO, Viertl D, Allenbach G, Prior JO, Rotman S, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Costanzo M, Caterino M, Ruoppolo M, Braissant O, Barbey F, Ballhausen D. A knock-in rat model unravels acute and chronic renal toxicity in glutaric aciduria type I. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:287-300. [PMID: 34799272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I, OMIM # 231670) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). The principal clinical manifestation in GA-I patients is striatal injury most often triggered by catabolic stress. Early diagnosis by newborn screening programs improved survival and reduced striatal damage in GA-I patients. However, the clinical phenotype is still evolving in the aging patient population. Evaluation of long-term outcome in GA-I patients recently identified glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline with increasing age. We recently created the first knock-in rat model for GA-I harboring the mutation p.R411W (c.1231 C>T), corresponding to the most frequent GCDH human mutation p.R402W. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an acute metabolic stress in form of high lysine diet (HLD) on young Gcdhki/ki rats. We further studied the chronic effect of GCDH deficiency on kidney function in a longitudinal study on a cohort of Gcdhki/ki rats by repetitive 68Ga-EDTA positron emission tomography (PET) renography, biochemical and histological analyses. In young Gcdhki/ki rats exposed to HLD, we observed a GFR decline and biochemical signs of a tubulopathy. Histological analyses revealed lipophilic vacuoles, thinning of apical brush border membranes and increased numbers of mitochondria in proximal tubular (PT) cells. HLD also altered OXPHOS activities and proteome in kidneys of Gcdhki/ki rats. In the longitudinal cohort, we showed a progressive GFR decline in Gcdhki/ki rats starting at young adult age and a decline of renal clearance. Histopathological analyses in aged Gcdhki/ki rats revealed tubular dilatation, protein accumulation in PT cells and mononuclear infiltrations. These observations confirm that GA-I leads to acute and chronic renal damage. This raises questions on indication for follow-up on kidney function in GA-I patients and possible therapeutic interventions to avoid renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gonzalez Melo
- Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Pediatrics, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Orlando Fontana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David Viertl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Gilles Allenbach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Rotman
- Service of Clinical Pathology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - René Günther Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Johannes Adalbert Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie, Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie, Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie, Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Frederic Barbey
- Department of Immunology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Pediatrics, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Probenecid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18085. [PMID: 34508172 PMCID: PMC8433326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective vaccines are slowing the COVID-19 pandemic, but SARS-CoV-2 will likely remain an issue in the future making it important to have therapeutics to treat patients. There are few options for treating patients with COVID-19. We show probenecid potently blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in mammalian cells and virus replication in a hamster model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that plasma concentrations up to 50-fold higher than the protein binding adjusted IC90 value are achievable for 24 h following a single oral dose. These data support the potential clinical utility of probenecid to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
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9
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Classification of drugs for evaluating drug interaction in drug development and clinical management. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 41:100414. [PMID: 34666290 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During new drug development, clinical drug interaction studies are carried out in accordance with the mechanism of potential drug interactions evaluated by in vitro studies. The obtained information should be provided efficiently to medical experts through package inserts and various information materials after the drug's launch. A recently updated Japanese guideline presents general procedures that are considered scientifically valid at the present moment. In this review, we aim to highlight the viewpoints of the Japanese guideline and enumerate drugs that were involved or are anticipated to be involved in evident pharmacokinetic drug interactions and classify them by their clearance pathway and potential intensity based on systematic reviews of the literature. The classification would be informative for designing clinical studies during the development stage, and the appropriate management of drug interactions in clinical practice.
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10
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Nethathe B, Phaswane R, Abera A, Naidoo V. Molecular characterization of Gyps africanus (African white-backed vulture) organic anion transporter 1 and 2 expressed in the kidney. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250408. [PMID: 33945567 PMCID: PMC8096082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyps species have been previously shown to be highly sensitive to the toxic effects of diclofenac, when present in their food sources as drug residues following use as a veterinary medicine. Vultures exposed to diclofenac soon become depressed and die with signs of severe visceral gout and renal damage on necropsy. The molecular mechanism behind toxicity and renal excretion of uric acid is still poorly understood. With the clinical pictures suggesting renal uric acid excretion as the target site for toxicity, as a first step the following study was undertaken to determine the uric acid excretory pathways present in the African white-backed vulture (Gyps africanus) (AWB), one of the species susceptible to toxicity. Using transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry and functional predictions, we demonstrated that AWB makes use of the organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2) for their uric acid excretion. RT-qPCR analysis subsequently demonstrated relatively similar expression of the OAT2 transporter in the vulture and chicken. Lastly docking analysis, predicted that the non-steroidal drugs induce their toxicity through an allosteric binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono Nethathe
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Rephima Phaswane
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aron Abera
- Inqaba Biotechnology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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Takvam M, Wood CM, Kryvi H, Nilsen TO. Ion Transporters and Osmoregulation in the Kidney of Teleost Fishes as a Function of Salinity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:664588. [PMID: 33967835 PMCID: PMC8098666 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.664588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Euryhaline teleosts exhibit major changes in renal function as they move between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments, thus tolerating large fluctuations in salinity. In FW, the kidney excretes large volumes of water through high glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and low tubular reabsorption rates, while actively reabsorbing most ions at high rates. The excreted product has a high urine flow rate (UFR) with a dilute composition. In SW, GFR is greatly reduced, and the tubules reabsorb as much water as possible, while actively secreting divalent ions. The excreted product has a low UFR, and is almost isosmotic to the blood plasma, with Mg2+, SO42–, and Cl– as the major ionic components. Early studies at the organismal level have described these basic patterns, while in the last two decades, studies of regulation at the cell and molecular level have been implemented, though only in a few euryhaline groups (salmonids, eels, tilapias, and fugus). There have been few studies combining the two approaches. The aim of the review is to integrate known aspects of renal physiology (reabsorption and secretion) with more recent advances in molecular water and solute physiology (gene and protein function of transporters). The renal transporters addressed include the subunits of the Na+, K+- ATPase (NKA) enzyme, monovalent ion transporters for Na+, Cl–, and K+ (NKCC1, NKCC2, CLC-K, NCC, ROMK2), water transport pathways [aquaporins (AQP), claudins (CLDN)], and divalent ion transporters for SO42–, Mg2+, and Ca2+ (SLC26A6, SLC26A1, SLC13A1, SLC41A1, CNNM2, CNNM3, NCX1, NCX2, PMCA). For each transport category, we address the current understanding at the molecular level, try to synthesize it with classical knowledge of overall renal function, and highlight knowledge gaps. Future research on the kidney of euryhaline fishes should focus on integrating changes in kidney reabsorption and secretion of ions with changes in transporter function at the cellular and molecular level (gene and protein verification) in different regions of the nephrons. An increased focus on the kidney individually and its functional integration with the other osmoregulatory organs (gills, skin and intestine) in maintaining overall homeostasis will have applied relevance for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Takvam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harald Kryvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom O Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
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The Herbal Constituents in An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) Protect against Cinnabar- and Realgar-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity and Accumulations of Mercury and Arsenic in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5566078. [PMID: 33868437 PMCID: PMC8035015 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) has been a well-known cinnabar- and realgar-containing compound recipe for cerebral diseases. Unfortunately, its clinical practice is often restrained by the specific hepatorenal toxicity of cinnabar and realgar (C + R). In previous research studies, we have found that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of its herbal constituents could mitigate the risks from the toxicity. The underlying detoxification mechanisms are still unsolved. The present study investigated the protective effects of AGNH's herbal constituents on hepatorenal injury induced by C + R. For the mice treated with C + R, the increased expression levels of sensitive biomarkers of metal exposure and hepatorenal toxicity, including metallothionein (MT) in both hepatorenal tissues and kidney induced molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the kidney, were simultaneously reduced when C + R coadministered with other herbal medicines. In addition, the contents of trivalent As (AsIII), pentavalent As (Asv), and mercury (Hg) in hepatorenal tissues of mice were also significantly reduced benefiting from the herbal constituents in AGNH. Further mechanism studies showed that the herbal constituents in AGNH could downregulate the expressions of uptake transporters (AQP9 and OAT1) and upregulate the expressions of efflux transporters (P-gp, MRP2, and MRP4) in mice intoxicated by C + R. Our results suggested that AGNH's herbal constituents protect the body against C + R-induced hepatorenal toxicity and accumulations of Hg and As, which could be associated with the reestablishment of heavy metal homeostasis and the detoxification system.
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13
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The Roles of Sodium-Independent Inorganic Phosphate Transporters in Inorganic Phosphate Homeostasis and in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239298. [PMID: 33291240 PMCID: PMC7729900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of cells. In healthy mammals, extracellular Pi is maintained within a narrow concentration range of 0.70 to 1.55 mM. Mammalian cells depend on Na+/Pi cotransporters for Pi absorption, which have been well studied. However, a new type of sodium-independent Pi transporter has been identified. This transporter assists in the absorption of Pi by intestinal cells and renal proximal tubule cells and in the reabsorption of Pi by osteoclasts and capillaries of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor for mineral deposition, the development of diseases such as osteoarthritis, and vascular calcifications (VCs). Na+-independent Pi transporters have been identified and biochemically characterized in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), chondrocytes, and matrix vesicles, and their involvement in mineral deposition in the extracellular microenvironment has been suggested. According to the growth rate hypothesis, cancer cells require more phosphate than healthy cells due to their rapid growth rates. Recently, it was demonstrated that breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) respond to high Pi concentration (2 mM) by decreasing Na+-dependent Pi transport activity concomitant with an increase in Na+-independent (H+-dependent) Pi transport. This Pi H+-dependent transport has a fundamental role in the proliferation and migratory capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss experimental findings regarding Na+-independent inorganic phosphate transporters and summarize their roles in Pi homeostasis, cancers and other diseases, such as osteoarthritis, and in processes such as VC.
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Influence of Phosphodiesterase Inhibition on CRE- and EGR1-Dependent Transcription in a Mouse Hippocampal Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228658. [PMID: 33212816 PMCID: PMC7696530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways, depending on the second messenger molecule cAMP, modulate hippocampal cell signaling via influencing transcription factors like cAMP-regulated element-binding protein (CREB) or early growth response 1 EGR1/Krox24/zif268/ZENK (EGR1). Here, we investigated two reporter cell lines derived from an immortalized hippocampal neuronal cell line stably expressing a CRE- or EGR1-luciferase reporter gene (HT22CREluc and HT22EGR1luc, respectively). The cells were subjected to phosphodiesterase inhibitors and other cAMP-modulating agents to investigate dose- and time-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE)-mediated fine-tuning of cAMP-dependent transcriptional signaling. The non-isoform-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor isobutyl-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), as well as selective inhibitors of PDE3 (milrinone) and PDE4 (rolipram), were tested for their ability to elevate CRE- and EGR1-luciferase activity. Pharmacological parameters like onset of activity, maximum activity, and offset of activity were determined. In summary, phosphodiesterase inhibition appeared similarly potent in comparison to adenylate cyclase stimulation or direct activation of protein kinase A (PKA) via specific cAMP agonists and was at least partly mediated by PKA as shown by the selective PKA inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS. Moreover, transcriptional activation by PDE inhibition was also influenced by organic anion-exchanger action and interacted with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-mediated pathways.
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15
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Huang L, Liao J, He J, Pan S, Zhang H, Yang X, Cheng J, Chen Y, Mo Z. Single-cell profiling reveals sex diversity in human renal proximal tubules. Gene 2020; 752:144790. [PMID: 32439376 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many anatomical regions in the kidney, including proximal tubules, differ between males and females. While such differences in renal structures and functions under various physiological and pharmacological conditions have been identified, information relating to molecular mechanisms behind this gender disparity remain unknown. To understand gene expression differences in proximal tubules from human male and female kidneys, we reported on kidney cellular landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression profiles were observed in proximal tubules, between the sexes. Interestingly, the SLC22 family of anion transporters, including SLC22A6 and SLC22A8, had different expression profiles between male and female proximal tubule clusters but not sex-dependent abundance at the protein level. Moreover, in different species, we revealed a shared and species-specific differential gene expression between human and mouse kidney proximal tubules. Taken together, at single-cell resolution, this transcriptomic map represents a baseline description of gender biased genes in human kidney proximal tubules, which provide important insights for further studies of physiological differences in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Siqiong Pan
- Department of Pathology, The Four Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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The SLC Family Are Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1932948. [PMID: 32461965 PMCID: PMC7212275 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1932948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common lethal subtype of renal cancer, and changes in tumor metabolism play a key role in its development. Solute carriers (SLCs) are important in the transport of small molecules in humans, and defects in SLC transporters can lead to serious diseases. The expression patterns and prognostic values of SLC family transporters in the development of ccRCC are still unclear. The current study analyzed the expression levels of SLC family members and their correlation with prognosis in ccRCC patients with data from Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cBioPortal, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We found that the mRNA expression levels of SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A13, SLC25A4, SLC34A1, and SLC44A4 were significantly lower in ccRCC tissues than in normal tissues and the protein expression levels of SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A13, and SLC34A1 were also significantly lower. Except for SLC22A7, the expression levels of SLC22A6, SLC22A13, SLC25A4, SLC34A1, and SLC44A4 were correlated with the clinical stage of ccRCC patients. The lower the expression levels of SLC22A6, SLC22A13, SLC25A4, SLC34A1, and SLC44A4 were, the later the clinical stage of ccRCC patients was. Further experiments revealed that the expression levels of SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A13, SLC25A4, SLC34A1, and SLC44A4 were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in ccRCC patients. High SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A13, SLC25A4, SLC34A1, and SLC44A4 expression predicted improved OS and DFS. Finally, GSE53757 and ICGC were used to revalidate the differential expression and clinical prognostic value. This study suggests that SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A13, SLC25A4, SLC34A1, and SLC44A4 may be potential targets for the clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ccRCC patients.
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17
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Dragojević J, Marić P, Lončar J, Popović M, Mihaljević I, Smital T. Environmental contaminants modulate transport activity of zebrafish organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108742. [PMID: 32165351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs) are transmembrane proteins which belong to SLC22 subfamily. They are responsible for the uptake of various endo- and xenobiotics into the cells of different organs and tissues. Following our previous work on characterization of zebrafish Oat1 and Oat3, in this study we analyzed interaction of various classes of environmental contaminants with these membrane transporters using the transport activity assay with HEK293 Flp-In cell line stably overexpressing zebrafish Oat1 and Oat3, respectively. Based on the initial screening of a series of 36 environmental contaminants on their ability to interact with zebrafish Oat1 and Oat3, the most potent interactors were selected, their IC50 values calculated and type of interaction determined. Finally, to further confirm the type of interaction and initially evaluate their toxic potential, the cytotoxicity assays were performed. Broad ligand selectivity and similarity of zebrafish Oat1 and Oat3 with mammalian orthologs was confirmed and potent interactors among environmental contaminants identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dragojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Marić
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovica Lončar
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Rakhshandeh A, de Lange CFM, Htoo JK, Rakhshandeh AR. Immune system stimulation increases the irreversible loss of cysteine to taurine, but not sulfate, in starter pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5698019. [PMID: 31909792 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An isotope tracer study was conducted to evaluate the effects of immune system stimulation (ISS) on the irreversible loss of cysteine (Cys) to taurine (Tau) and sulfate (SO4), as well as glutathione (GSH) synthesis, during the fed state in pigs. We previously have reported that ISS increases plasma Cys flux and the GSH synthesis rate at the tissue and whole-body levels in growing pigs. Thus, the current article presents the data on the irreversible loss of Cys during ISS in pigs. Ten gilts (BW: 7.0 ± 0.12 kg) were feed restricted a sulfur amino acids (SAA) limiting diet and injected twice with either saline (n = 4) or increasing amounts of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (n = 6). The day after the second injection, a 5-h primed continuous intravenous infusion of 35S-Cys was conducted. ISS reduced plasma Cys and total SAA concentrations (16% and 21%, respectively; P < 0.05). However, ISS had no effect on the plasma concentrations of Tau and SO4, nor did it affect the appearance of 35S in plasma Tau, plasma SO4, urinary Tau, or urinary SO4 (P > 0.19). On a whole-body basis and including urinary excretion, ISS increased the appearance of 35S in Tau by 67% (P < 0.05), but tended to decrease the appearance of 35S in SO4 by 22% (P < 0.09). Overall, the current findings indicate that during ISS, decreased plasma SAA concentrations and increased plasma Cys flux are attributed in part to increased rates of Cys conversion to Tau, but not Cys catabolism to SO4. Thus, increased utilization of Cys for the synthesis of immune system metabolites, such as GSH and Tau, is likely the main contributor to increased Cys flux during ISS in pigs. In addition, the irreversible loss of Cys during ISS is small and has a minimal impact on the daily SAA requirements of starter pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoosh Rakhshandeh
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, Canada.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau, Germany
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Bueters R, Bael A, Gasthuys E, Chen C, Schreuder MF, Frazier KS. Ontogeny and Cross-species Comparison of Pathways Involved in Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion in Neonates (Review): Kidney. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:353-367. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Yang S, Liu Z, Wang C, Wen S, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun H, Ma X, Peng J, He Z, Liu K. Piperacillin enhances the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on β-lactamase through inhibition of organic anion transporter 1/3 in rats. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 14:677-686. [PMID: 32104494 PMCID: PMC7032209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the mechanism of the pharmacokinetic interaction between piperacillin and tazobactam, renal excretion and pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam were investigated in normal and bacteremia rats. A bacteremia model was established to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of piperacillin and tazobactam under different conditions. Renal slices were taken to examine the uptake of piperacillin and tazobactam. Pharmacokinetic studies of β-lactamase in rats were performed to study the contribution of rOat1/3 to the inhibition of tazobactam on β-lactamase. The AUC (from 2.93 ± 0.58 to 6.52 ± 1.44 mg·min/ml) and the plasma clearance (CLP ) (from 2.41 ± 1.20 to 0.961 ± 0.212 ml/min/kg) of tazobactam were both altered after the intravenous coadministration of piperacillin and tazobactam in the bacteremia rats. The renal clearance (CLR ) of tazobactam decreased from 1.30 ± 0.50 to 0.361 ± 0.043 ml/min/kg. In summary, there was a beneficial interaction between piperacillin and tazobactam mediated by rOat1 and rOat3. Piperacillin enhances the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on β-lactamase through the inhibition of rOat1 and rOat3 in rats. The contribution rate of rOat1/3 for the synergistic effect was 20% when the two drugs were coadministered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shijie Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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21
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Dragojević J, Mihaljević I, Popović M, Smital T. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Oat1 and Oat3 transporters and their interaction with physiological compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 236:110309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Mueller F, Teloh-Benger JK, Hussmann B, Lendemans S, Waack IN. Malate Protects the Kidneys From Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Injury in an Experimental Rat Model. J Surg Res 2019; 245:225-233. [PMID: 31421367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, protective effects in terms of prolonged survival of malate-containing solutions were demonstrated in the treatment of experimental hemorrhagic shock (HS). The objective of the present study was to investigate malate's impact on the kidneys. Therefore, renal function and morphological and histological anomalies were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to severe HS by dropping the mean arterial blood pressure to 25-30 mmHg. The depth was held for 60 min. Subsequently, reperfusion with Ringer's solution or a 10 mM malate-containing solution was performed both together with blood in a 2:1 relation, followed by an observation period of 150 min. RESULTS Compared with the control group (Ringer's solution), malate increased diuresis and, thus, enhanced excretion of creatinine and urea. Shock-induced histopathological changes were reduced by malate administration. Renal hemorrhages in the straight proximal tubule and in the distal tubule were reduced and even significantly reduced in the proximal convoluted tubule. Malate significantly preserved the endothelial glycocalyx in the proximal tubule. Surprisingly, malate induced glucosuria in the absence of a significant renal dysfunction, morphological damage, or hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of malate observed in the treatment of severe HS in the rat may be explained by a certain protective effect of this substance for the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Mueller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Bjoern Hussmann
- Department of Special Trauma Surgery, Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen-Ruettenscheid, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Lendemans
- Department of Special Trauma Surgery, Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen-Ruettenscheid, Essen, Germany; Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen-Steele, Essen, Germany
| | - Indra Naemi Waack
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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23
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Chong YM, Kaur G, Tan ML. Andrographolide is neither a human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) substrate nor inhibitor. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:754-771. [PMID: 30606060 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1520704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide, a major bioactive compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees, was evaluated for its effects on the hOAT1 membrane transporter. Substrate determination and inhibition of hOAT1-mediated uptake transport assay was carried out using recombinant CHO-hOAT1 cells. The results showed that the uptake ratio of andrographolide was less than 2.0 at all concentrations tested, indicating that andrographolide is not a hOAT1 substrate. Andrographolide has no significant effects on the p-aminohippuric acid uptake and on the mRNA and protein expression of hOAT1. In conclusion, andrographolide may not pose a drug-herb interaction risk related to hOAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Min Chong
- a Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, NIBM , Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- b Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- a Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, NIBM , Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
- c Advanced Medical and Dental Institute , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
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24
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Noone D, Riedl M, Atkison P, Avitzur Y, Sharma AP, Filler G, Siriwardena K, Prasad C. Kidney disease and organ transplantation in methylmalonic acidaemia. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13407. [PMID: 30973671 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MMA is associated with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and a progressive decline in GFR. Optimal management of these children is uncertain. Our objectives were to document the pre-, peri-, and post-transplant course of all children with MMA who underwent liver or combined liver-kidney transplant in our centers. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective chart review of all cases of MMA who underwent organ transplantation over the last 10 years. RESULTS Five children with MMA underwent liver transplant (4/5) and combined liver-kidney transplant (1/5). Three were Mut0 and two had a cobalamin B disorder. Four of five were transplanted between ages 3 and 5 years. Renal dysfunction prior to transplant was seen in 2/5 patients. Post-transplant (one liver transplant and one combined transplant) renal function improved slightly when using creatinine-based GFR formula. We noticed in 2 patients a big discrepancy between creatinine- and cystatin C-based GFR calculations. One patient with no renal disease developed renal failure post-liver transplantation. Serum MMA levels have decreased in all to <300 μmol/L. Four patients remain on low protein diet, carnitine, coenzyme Q, and vitamin E post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS MMA is a complex metabolic disorder. Renal disease can continue to progress post-liver transplant and close follow-up is warranted. More research is needed to clarify best screening GFR method in patients with MMA. Whether liver transplant alone, continued protein restriction, or the addition of antioxidants post-transplant can halt the progression of renal disease remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Riedl
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Atkison
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaron Avitzur
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Alberta/Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ajay P Sharma
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guido Filler
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Komudi Siriwardena
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta/Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Bajaj P, Chowdhury SK, Yucha R, Kelly EJ, Xiao G. Emerging Kidney Models to Investigate Metabolism, Transport, and Toxicity of Drugs and Xenobiotics. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1692-1702. [PMID: 30076203 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a major clearance organ of the body and is responsible for the elimination of many xenobiotics and prescription drugs. With its multitude of uptake and efflux transporters and metabolizing enzymes, the proximal tubule cell (PTC) in the nephron plays a key role in the disposition of xenobiotics and is also a primary site for toxicity. In this minireview, we first provide an overview of the major transporters and metabolizing enzymes in the PTCs responsible for biotransformation and disposition of drugs. Next, we discuss different cell sources that have been used to model PTCs in vitro, their pros and cons, and their characterization. As current technology is inadequate to evaluate reliably drug disposition and toxicity in the kidney, we then discuss recent advancements in kidney microphysiological systems (MPS) and the need to develop robust in vitro platforms that could be routinely used by pharmaceutical companies to screen compounds. Finally, we discuss the new and exciting field of stem cell-derived kidney models as potential cell sources for future kidney MPS. Given the push from both regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies to use more predictive "human-like" in vitro systems in the early stages of drug development to reduce attrition, these emerging models have the potential to be a game changer and may revolutionize how renal disposition and kidney toxicity in drug discovery are evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bajaj
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Swapan K Chowdhury
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Robert Yucha
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Guangqing Xiao
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation (P.B.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department (S.K.C., R.Y., G.X.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
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Identification of ABCG2 as an Exporter of Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate in Mice and as a Crucial Factor Influencing CKD Progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11147. [PMID: 30042379 PMCID: PMC6057959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29208-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients accumulate uremic toxins in the body, potentially require dialysis, and can eventually develop cardiovascular disease. CKD incidence has increased worldwide, and preventing CKD progression is one of the most important goals in clinical treatment. In this study, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments and employed a metabolomics approach to investigate CKD. Our results demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is a major transporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate. ABCG2 regulates the pathophysiological excretion of indoxyl sulfate and strongly affects CKD survival rates. Our study is the first to report ABCG2 as a physiological exporter of indoxyl sulfate and identify ABCG2 as a crucial factor influencing CKD progression, consistent with the observed association between ABCG2 function and age of dialysis onset in humans. The above findings provided valuable knowledge on the complex regulatory mechanisms that regulate the transport of uremic toxins in our body and serve as a basis for preventive and individualized treatment of CKD.
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27
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Jiang H, Pokhrel G, Chen Y, Wang T, Yin C, Liu J, Wang S, Liu Z. High expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may contribute to renal calcification via an SLC26A6-dependent mechanism. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5192. [PMID: 30002986 PMCID: PMC6034601 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solute-linked carrier 26 gene family 6 (SLC26A6), which is mainly expressed in intestines and kidneys, is a multifunctional anion transporter crucial in the transport of oxalate anions. This study aimed to investigate the role of kidney SLC26A6 in urolithiasis. Methods Patients were divided into two groups: stone formers and nonstone formers. Samples were collected from patients following nephrectomy. Lentivirus with Slc26a6 (lentivirus-Slc26a6) sequence and lentivirus with siRNA-Slc26a6 (lentivirus-siRNA-Slc26a6) sequence were transfected into rats’ kidneys respectively and Slc26a6 expression was detected using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. After administering ethylene glycol, oxalate concentration and prevalence of stone formation between the transgenic and control groups were measured using 24-h urine analysis and Von Kossa staining, respectively. Results Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that stone formers had a significantly higher level of expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney compared with the control group. After lentivirus infection, the urinary oxalate concentration and rate of stone formation in lentivirus-Slc26a6-tranfected rats increased remarkably, while lentivirus-siRNA-Slc26a6-transfected rats showed few crystals. Conclusion The results showed that high expression levels of renal SLC26A6 may account for kidney stone formation. Downregulating the expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent or treat urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaurab Pokhrel
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinwei Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunping Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ekizoglu S, Seven D, Ulutin T, Guliyev J, Buyru N. Investigation of the SLC22A23 gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:477. [PMID: 29703252 PMCID: PMC5921549 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common cancer of the head and neck. In order to identify differentially expressed genes which may have a role in LSCC carcinogenesis, we performed GeneFishing Assay. One of the differentially expressed genes was the SLC22A23 (solute carrier family 22, member 23) gene. SLC22A23 belongs to a family of organic ion transporters that are responsible for the absorption or excretion of many drugs, xenobiotics and endogenous compounds in a variety of tissues. SLC22A23 is expressed in a various tissues but no substrates or functions have been identified for it. Although the exact function is unknown, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are located in SLC22A23 gene were associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), endometriosis-related infertility and the clearance of antipsychotic drugs. On the other hand SLC22A23 is identified as a prognostic gene to predict the recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer. Methods To understand the role of the SLC22A23 gene in laryngeal carcinogenesis, we investigated its mRNA expression level in laryngeal tumor tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples obtained from 83 patients by quantitative real-time PCR. To understand the association between SNPs in SLC22A23 and LSCC, selected genetic variations (rs4959235, rs6923667, rs9503518) were genotyped. Results We found that SLC22A23 expression was increased in 46 of 83 tumor tissues (55.4%) and was decreased in 30 of 83 (36.1%) tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. 77.2% of patients were homozygote for genotype rs9503518-AA and they most frequently had histological grade 2 and 3 tumors. We also found that rs9503518-AA genotype is associated with increased SLC22A23 expression. Conclusions Our results indicate that SLC22A23 may play a role in the development of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ekizoglu
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Seven
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jalal Guliyev
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Genetic Heterogeneity of SLC22 Family of Transporters in Drug Disposition. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8020014. [PMID: 29659532 PMCID: PMC6023491 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of modern medicine is its orientation to achieve more personalized pharmacological treatments. In this context, transporters involved in drug disposition have gained well-justified attention. Owing to its broad spectrum of substrate specificity, including endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, and its strategical expression in organs accounting for drug disposition, such as intestine, liver and kidney, the SLC22 family of transporters plays an important role in physiology, pharmacology and toxicology. Among these carriers are plasma membrane transporters for organic cations (OCTs) and anions (OATs) with a marked overlap in substrate specificity. These two major clades of SLC22 proteins share a similar membrane topology but differ in their degree of genetic variability. Members of the OCT subfamily are highly polymorphic, whereas OATs have a lower number of genetic variants. Regarding drug disposition, changes in the activity of these variants affect intestinal absorption and target tissue uptake, but more frequently they modify plasma levels due to enhanced or reduced clearance by the liver and secretion by the kidney. The consequences of these changes in transport-associated function markedly affect the effectiveness and toxicity of the treatment in patients carrying the mutation. In solid tumors, changes in the expression of these transporters and the existence of genetic variants substantially determine the response to anticancer drugs. Moreover, chemoresistance usually evolves in response to pharmacological and radiological treatment. Future personalized medicine will require monitoring these changes in a dynamic way to adapt the treatment to the weaknesses shown by each tumor at each stage in each patient.
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30
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Shapla UM, Solayman M, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:35. [PMID: 29619623 PMCID: PMC5884753 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An organic compound known as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed from reducing sugars in honey and various processed foods in acidic environments when they are heated through the Maillard reaction. In addition to processing, storage conditions affect the formation HMF, and HMF has become a suitable indicator of honey quality. HMF is easily absorbed from food through the gastrointestinal tract and, upon being metabolized into different derivatives, is excreted via urine. In addition to exerting detrimental effects (mutagenic, genotoxic, organotoxic and enzyme inhibitory), HMF, which is converted to a non-excretable, genotoxic compound called 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural, is beneficial to human health by providing antioxidative, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypoxic, anti-sickling, and anti-hyperuricemic effects. Therefore, HMF is a neo-forming contaminant that draws great attention from scientists. This review compiles updated information regarding HMF formation, detection procedures, mitigation strategies and effects of HMF on honey bees and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummay Mahfuza Shapla
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Solayman
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh. .,Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Nadia Alam
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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31
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Nieskens TTG, Peters JGP, Dabaghie D, Korte D, Jansen K, Van Asbeck AH, Tavraz NN, Friedrich T, Russel FGM, Masereeuw R, Wilmer MJ. Expression of Organic Anion Transporter 1 or 3 in Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells Reduces Cisplatin Sensitivity. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [PMID: 29514829 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a cytostatic drug used for treatment of solid organ tumors. The main adverse effect is organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)-mediated nephrotoxicity, observed in 30% of patients. The contribution of other renal drug transporters is elusive. Here, cisplatin-induced toxicity was evaluated in human-derived conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC) expressing renal drug transporters, including OCT2 and organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) or 3 (OAT3). Parent ciPTEC demonstrated OCT2-dependent cisplatin toxicity (TC50 34 ± 1 μM after 24-hour exposure), as determined by cell viability. Overexpression of OAT1 and OAT3 resulted in reduced sensitivity to cisplatin (TC50 45 ± 6 and 64 ± 11 μM after 24-hour exposure, respectively). This effect was independent of OAT-mediated transport, as the OAT substrates probenecid and diclofenac did not influence cytotoxicity. Decreased cisplatin sensitivity in OAT-expressing cells was associated directly with a trend toward reduced intracellular cisplatin accumulation, explained by reduced OCT2 gene expression and activity. This was evaluated by Vmax of the OCT2-model substrate ASP+ (23.5 ± 0.1, 13.1 ± 0.3, and 21.6 ± 0.6 minutes-1 in ciPTEC-parent, ciPTEC-OAT1, and ciPTEC-OAT3, respectively). Although gene expression of cisplatin efflux transporter multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) was 16.2 ± 0.3-fold upregulated in ciPTEC-OAT1 and 6.1 ± 0.7-fold in ciPTEC-OAT3, toxicity was unaffected by the MATE substrate pyrimethamine, suggesting that MATE1 does not play a role in the current experimental set-up. In conclusion, OAT expression results in reduced cisplatin sensitivity in renal proximal tubule cells, explained by reduced OCT2-mediated uptake capacity. In vitro drug-induced toxicity studies should consider models that express both OCT and OAT drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Janny G P Peters
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Dina Dabaghie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Daphne Korte
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Katja Jansen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Alexander H Van Asbeck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Neslihan N Tavraz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (T.T.G.N., J.G.P.P., D.D., D.K., K.J., A.H.V.A., F.G.M.R., M.J.W.); Department of Physical Chemistry/Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.N.T., T.F.); and Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands (K.J., R.M.)
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Fu Y, Breljak D, Onishi A, Batz F, Patel R, Huang W, Song P, Freeman B, Mayoux E, Koepsell H, Anzai N, Nigam SK, Sabolic I, Vallon V. Organic anion transporter OAT3 enhances the glucosuric effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F386-F394. [PMID: 29412698 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (plasma protein binding ~88%) may reach its target in the brush border of the early proximal tubule by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Here we determined whether empagliflozin is secreted by renal tubules in mice and whether genetic knockout of the basolateral organic anion transporter 3 ( Oat3-/-) affects its tubular secretion or glucosuric effect. Renal clearance studies in wild-type (WT) mice showed that tubular secretion accounted for 50-70% of empagliflozin urinary excretion. Immunostaining indicated that SGLT2 and OAT3 localization partially overlapped in proximal tubule S1 and S2 segments. Glucosuria in metabolic cage studies was reduced in Oat3-/- vs. WT mice for acute empagliflozin doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, whereas 30 mg/kg induced similar maximal glucosuria in both genotypes. Chronic application of empagliflozin (~25 mg·kg-1 ·day-1) in Oat3-/- mice was associated with lower urinary glucose-to-creatinine ratios despite maintaining slightly higher blood glucose levels than WT. On a whole kidney level, renal secretion of empagliflozin was largely unchanged in Oat3-/- mice. However, the absence of OAT3 attenuated the influence of empagliflozin on fractional glucose excretion; higher levels of plasma or filtered empagliflozin were needed to induce similar increases in fractional renal glucose excretion. We conclude that empagliflozin is excreted into the urine to similar extent by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The latter can occur largely independent of OAT3. However, OAT3 increases the glucosuric effect of empagliflozin, which may relate to the partial overlap of its localization with SGLT2 and thus OAT3-mediated tubular secretion of empagliflozin in the early proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Rohit Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Winnie Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Panai Song
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Brent Freeman
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Ivan Sabolic
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
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Morimoto T, Nagashima H, Morimoto Y, Tokuyama S. Frequency of Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Tazobactam/Piperacillin in Patients with Pneumonia and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Observational Study. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:1129-1136. [PMID: 28867699 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) is a combination antibiotic frequently used to treat pneumonia. It has recently been reported that TAZ/PIPC worsens renal function in patients with existing renal impairment. Creatinine clearance is generally between 10 and 40 mL/min in Japanese patients, so TAZ/PIPC is given at a dose of 2.25 g three times daily or 4.5 g twice daily. If pneumonia is severe or intractable, the dose frequency may be increased to 2.25 g four times daily and 4.5 g three times daily. We examined the effect of these different dosing regimens on renal function. We studied a cohort of 57 patients with impaired renal function hospitalized with pneumonia and treated with TAZ/PIPC between January 2015 and November 2016. Patients were classified into four groups according to TAZ/PIPC dose: 2.25 g three times daily (Group A); 2.25 g four times daily (B); 4.5 g twice daily (C) and 4.5 g three times daily (D). We examined the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) and treatment effectiveness. In Groups A, B, C and D, AKI occurred in 5.6%, 0.0%, 25.0% and 38.5% of patient. In groups C and D, hydration and dose reduction were required to address early signs of impending AKI. Our findings suggest that the higher TAZ/PIPC dose of 4.5 g was responsible for the decline in renal function, even if the dose frequency was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyori Morimoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Suita Tokushukai Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | | | - Yasuko Morimoto
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Health Support, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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Uwai Y, Kawasaki T, Nabekura T. D-Malate decreases renal content of α-ketoglutarate, a driving force of organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3, resulting in inhibited tubular secretion of phenolsulfonphthalein, in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:479-485. [PMID: 28744858 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
d-Malate inhibits a Krebs cycle enzyme and the tubular transport of α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate of the Krebs cycle and the driving force for rat organic anion transporter 1 (rOAT1) and rOAT3 in the kidney. This study examined the effects of d-malate on the rat organic anion transport system. The uptake of 6-carboxyfluorescein by HEK293 cells expressing rOAT1 or rOAT3 was not affected by d-malate and l-malate. Up to 60 min after the intravenous injection of phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), a typical substrate of the renal organic anion transporters, as a bolus to rats, 47.1% of the dose was recovered in the urine, and its renal clearance was estimated to be 8.60 ml/min/kg. d-Malate but not l-malate interfered with its renal excretion, resulting in the delayed elimination of PSP from plasma. No effect of d-malate was recognized on creatinine clearance or the expression level of rOAT3 in the kidney cortex. d-Malate increased the plasma concentration of α-ketoglutarate. In addition, the compound greatly stimulated the renal excretion of α-ketoglutarate, implying that d-malate inhibited its reabsorption. The content of α-ketoglutarate was significantly decreased in the kidney cortex of rats administered d-malate. Collectively, this study shows that d-malate abrogates the tubular secretion of PSP, and the reduction of the renal content of α-ketoglutarate was proposed to be one of the mechanisms. A relationship between the reabsorption of α-ketoglutarate and the basolateral uptake of organic anion in the kidney is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Uwai
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nabekura
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
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Geyer J, Bakhaus K, Bernhardt R, Blaschka C, Dezhkam Y, Fietz D, Grosser G, Hartmann K, Hartmann MF, Neunzig J, Papadopoulos D, Sánchez-Guijo A, Scheiner-Bobis G, Schuler G, Shihan M, Wrenzycki C, Wudy SA, Bergmann M. The role of sulfated steroid hormones in reproductive processes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:207-221. [PMID: 27392637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated steroid hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or estrone-3-sulfate, have long been regarded as inactive metabolites as they cannot activate classical steroid receptors. Some of them are present in the blood circulation at quite high concentrations, but generally sulfated steroids exhibit low membrane permeation due to their hydrophilic properties. However, sulfated steroid hormones can actively be imported into specific target cells via uptake carriers, such as the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT, and, after hydrolysis by the steroid sulfatase (so-called sulfatase pathway), contribute to the overall regulation of steroid responsive organs. To investigate the biological significance of sulfated steroid hormones for reproductive processes in humans and animals, the research group "Sulfated Steroids in Reproduction" was established by the German Research Foundation DFG (FOR1369). Projects of this group deal with transport of sulfated steroids, sulfation of free steroids, desulfation by the steroid sulfatase, effects of sulfated steroids on steroid biosynthesis and membrane receptors as well as MS-based profiling of sulfated steroids in biological samples. This review and concept paper presents key findings from all these projects and provides a broad overview over the current research on sulfated steroid hormones in the field of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bakhaus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carina Blaschka
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yaser Dezhkam
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gary Grosser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Hartmann
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Wrenzycki
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Transporters in proximal renal tubules contribute to the disposition of numerous drugs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of tubular secretion have been progressively elucidated during the past decades. Organic anions tend to be secreted by the transport proteins OAT1, OAT3 and OATP4C1 on the basolateral side of tubular cells, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2, MRP4, OATP1A2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the apical side. Organic cations are secreted by organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 on the basolateral side, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins MATE1, MATE2/2-K, P-glycoprotein, organic cation and carnitine transporter (OCTN) 1 and OCTN2 on the apical side. Significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may affect any of these transporters, altering the clearance and, consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of substrate drugs. Interactions at the level of basolateral transporters typically decrease the clearance of the victim drug, causing higher systemic exposure. Interactions at the apical level can also lower drug clearance, but may be associated with higher renal toxicity, due to intracellular accumulation. Whereas the importance of glomerular filtration in drug disposition is largely appreciated among clinicians, DDIs involving renal transporters are less well recognized. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles, quantitative importance and clinical relevance of these transporters in drug therapy. It proposes an approach based on substrate-inhibitor associations for predicting potential tubular-based DDIs and preventing their adverse consequences. We provide a comprehensive list of known drug interactions with renally-expressed transporters. While many of these interactions have limited clinical consequences, some involving high-risk drugs (e.g. methotrexate) definitely deserve the attention of prescribers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ivanyuk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Françoise Livio
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Biollaz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Baturina GS, Katkova LE, Solenov EI, Ivanova LN. Role of the low-selective organic anion transport in regulation of osmotic balance of renal collecting duct principal cells under hypo-osmotic conditions. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2017; 473:43-45. [PMID: 28508198 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496617020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the course of adaptation of the rat kidney collecting duct cells to hypo-osmotic medium, the organic anion transporter inhibitor probenecid reduced significantly the regulatory cell volume decrease in response to a hypotonic shock. Both probenecid and hypotonic shock delayed significantly the entry into a cell of the fluorescent dye calcein, which exists as anion at neutral pH. Thus, the organic osmolyte transport plays an important role in the regulatory decrease of the principal cell volume under the hypo-osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Baturina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - L E Katkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E I Solenov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L N Ivanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Momper JD, Tsunoda SM, Ma JD. Evaluation of Proposed In Vivo Probe Substrates and Inhibitors for Phenotyping Transporter Activity in Humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56 Suppl 7:S82-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D. Momper
- University of California, San Diego; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Shirley M. Tsunoda
- University of California, San Diego; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Joseph D. Ma
- University of California, San Diego; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; La Jolla CA USA
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Xu D, Wang H, Gardner C, Pan Z, Zhang PL, Zhang J, You G. The role of Nedd4-1 WW domains in binding and regulating human organic anion transporter 1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F320-9. [PMID: 27226107 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00153.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), expressed at the basolateral membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells, mediates the active renal secretion of a diverse array of clinically important drugs, including anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapeutics, antitumor drugs, antibiotics, antihypertensives, and anti-inflammatories. We have previously demonstrated that posttranslational modification of hOAT1 by ubiquitination is an important mechanism for the regulation of this transporter. The present study aimed at identifying the ubiquitin ligase for hOAT1 and its mechanism of action. We showed that overexpression of neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated (Nedd)4-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, enhanced hOAT1 ubiquitination, decreased hOAT1 expression at the cell surface, and inhibited hOAT1 transport activity. In contrast, overexpression of the ubiquitin ligase-dead mutant Nedd4-1/C867S was without effects on hOAT1. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenously expressed Nedd4-1 by Nedd4-1-specific small interfering RNA reduced hOAT1 ubiquitination. Immunoprecipitation experiments in cultured cells and rat kidney slices and immunofluorescence experiments in rat kidney slices showed that there was a physical interaction between OAT1 and Nedd4-1. Nedd4-1 contains four protein-protein interacting WW domains. When these WW domains were inactivated by mutating two amino acid residues in each of the four WW domains (Mut-WW1: V210W/H212G, Mut-WW2: V367W/H369G, Mut-WW3: I440W/H442G, and Mut-WW4: I492W/H494G, respectively), only Mut-WW2 and Mut-WW3 significantly lost their ability to bind and to ubiquitinate hOAT1. As a result, Mut-WW2 and Mut-WW3 were unable to suppress hOAT1-mediated transport as effectively as wild-type Nedd4-1. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that Nedd4-1 regulates hOAT1 ubiquitination, expression, and transport activity through its WW2 and WW3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Haoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Carol Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Zui Pan
- Thoracic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Ping L Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey;
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Lee JE, Lee YH, Kim SY, Kim YG, Moon JY, Jeong KH, Lee TW, Ihm CG, Kim S, Kim KH, Kim DK, Kim YS, Kim CD, Park CW, Lee DY, Lee SH. Systematic biomarker discovery and coordinative validation for different primary nephrotic syndromes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:105-15. [PMID: 27247212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to identify systematic biomarker panel for primary nephrotic syndromes from urine samples by applying a non-target metabolite profiling, and to validate their utility in independent sampling and analysis by multiplex statistical approaches. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a nonspecific kidney disorder, which is mostly represented by minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Since urine metabolites may mirror disease-specific functional perturbations in kidney injury, we examined urine samples for distinctive metabolic changes to identify biomarkers for clinical applications. We developed unbiased multi-component covarianced models from a discovery set with 48 samples (12 healthy controls, 12 MCD, 12 FSGS, and 12 MGN). To extensively validate their diagnostic potential, new batch from 54 patients with primary NS were independently examined a year after. In the independent validation set, the model including citric acid, pyruvic acid, fructose, ethanolamine, and cysteine effectively discriminated each NS using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis except MCD-MGN comparison; nonetheless an additional metabolite multi-composite greatly improved the discrimination power between MCD and MGN. Finally, we proposed the re-constructed metabolic network distinctively dysregulated by the different NSs that may deepen comprehensive understanding of the disease mechanistic, and help the enhanced identification of NS and therapeutic plans for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- The Dept. of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS project, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Gyoo Ihm
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooah Kim
- The Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- The Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- The Dept. of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS project, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mandíková J, Volková M, Pávek P, Navrátilová L, Hyršová L, Janeba Z, Pavlík J, Bárta P, Trejtnar F. Entecavir Interacts with Influx Transporters hOAT1, hCNT2, hCNT3, but Not with hOCT2: The Potential for Renal Transporter-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Drug-Drug Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:304. [PMID: 26779022 PMCID: PMC4700268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Entecavir (ETV) is one of the most potent agents for the treatment of the hepatitis B viral infection. The drug is principally eliminated by the kidney. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of ETV to interact in vitro with the renal SLC transporters hOAT1, hOCT2, hCNT2 and hCNT3. Potential drug–drug interactions of ETV at the renal transporters with antiviral drugs known to be excreted by the kidney (adefovir, tenofovir, cidofovir) as well as transporter-dependent cytotoxicity were also examined. Interactions with the selected transporters along with cytotoxicity were studied in several transiently transfected cellular models using specific substrates and inhibitors. ETV was found to be both a substrate and inhibitor of hOAT1 (IC50 = 175.3 μM), hCNT2 (IC50 = 241.9 μM) and hCNT3 (IC50 = 278.4 μM) transporters, although it interacted with the transporters with relatively low affinities. ETV inhibited the cellular uptake of adefovir, tenofovir, and cidofovir by hOAT1; however, effective inhibition was shown at ETV concentrations exceeding therapeutic levels. In comparison with adefovir, tenofovir, and cidofovir, ETV displayed no transporter-mediated cytotoxicity in cells transfected with hOAT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3. No significant interaction of ETV with hOCT2 was detected. The study demonstrates interactions of ETV with several human renal transporters. For the first time, an interaction of ETV with the hCNTs was proved. We show that the potency of ETV to cause nephrotoxicity and/or clinically significant drug-drug interactions related to the tested transporters is considerably lower than that of adefovir, tenofovir, and cidofovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mandíková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Volková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Navrátilová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hyršová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavlík
- Cayman Pharma Ltd. Neratovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Lima A, Bernardes M, Azevedo R, Medeiros R, Seabra V. Pharmacogenomics of Methotrexate Membrane Transport Pathway: Can Clinical Response to Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Be Predicted? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13760-80. [PMID: 26086825 PMCID: PMC4490522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be used as predictors of patients’ therapeutic outcome variability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of SNPs in genes encoding for MTX membrane transport proteins in order to predict clinical response to MTX. Methods: Clinicopathological data from 233 RA patients treated with MTX were collected, clinical response defined, and patients genotyped for 23 SNPs. Genotype and haplotype analyses were performed using multivariate methods and a genetic risk index (GRI) for non-response was created. Results: Increased risk for non-response was associated to SLC22A11 rs11231809 T carriers; ABCC1 rs246240 G carriers; ABCC1 rs3784864 G carriers; CGG haplotype for ABCC1 rs35592, rs2074087 and rs3784864; and CGG haplotype for ABCC1 rs35592, rs246240 and rs3784864. GRI demonstrated that patients with Index 3 were 16-fold more likely to be non-responders than those with Index 1. Conclusions: This study revealed that SLC22A11 and ABCC1 may be important to identify those patients who will not benefit from MTX treatment, highlighting the relevance in translating these results to clinical practice. However, further validation by independent studies is needed to develop the field of personalized medicine to predict clinical response to MTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Lima
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
- Grupo de Oncologia Molecular & Patologia Viral-Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Bernardes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Departamento de Reumatologia do Centro Hospitalar de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Grupo de Patologia & Terapêutica Experimental do Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Grupo de Oncologia Molecular & Patologia Viral-Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Seabra
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
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Schneider R, Meusel M, Betz B, Held C, Möller-Ehrlich K, Büttner-Herold M, Wanner C, Gekle M, Sauvant C. Oat1/3 restoration protects against renal damage after ischemic AKI. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F198-208. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00160.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of proximal tubular organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3 is reduced by PGE2 after renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesized that impaired expression of Oat1/3 is decisively involved in the deterioration of renal function after I/R injury. Therefore, we administered probenecid, which blocks proximal tubular indomethacin uptake, to abolish the indomethacin-mediated restoration of Oat1/3 regulation and its effect on renal functional and morphological outcome. Ischemic acute kidney injury (iAKI) was induced in rats by bilateral clamping of renal arteries for 45 min with 24-h follow-up. Low-dose indomethacin (1 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (ip) at the end of ischemia. Probenecid (50 mg/kg) was administered ip 20 min later. Indomethacin restored the expression of Oat1/3, PAH net secretion, and PGE2 clearance. Additionally, indomethacin improved kidney function as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal perfusion as determined by corrected PAH clearance, and morphology, whereas it reduced renal cortical apoptosis and nitric oxide production. Notably, indomethacin did not affect inflammation parameters in the kidneys (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, ED1+ cells). On the other hand, probenecid blocked the indomethacin-induced restoration of Oat1/3 and moreover abrogated all beneficial effects. Our study indicates that the beneficial effect of low-dose indomethacin in iAKI is not due to its anti-inflammatory potency, but in contrast to its restoration of Oat1/3 expression and/or general renal function. Inhibition of proximal tubular indomethacin uptake abrogates the beneficial effect of indomethacin by resetting the PGE2-mediated Oat1/3 impairment, thus reestablishing renal damage. This provides evidence for a mechanistic effect of Oat1/3 in a new model of the induction of renal damage after iAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Abt. Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Meusel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Abt. Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B. Betz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Abt. Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Held
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Abt. Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K. Möller-Ehrlich
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Molekulare Medizin (ZEMM), Bayerische Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Büttner-Herold
- Nephropathologische Abteilung im Pathologischen Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Wanner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Abt. Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; and
| | - C. Sauvant
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Nigam SK, Bush KT, Martovetsky G, Ahn SY, Liu HC, Richard E, Bhatnagar V, Wu W. The organic anion transporter (OAT) family: a systems biology perspective. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:83-123. [PMID: 25540139 PMCID: PMC4281586 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporter (OAT) subfamily, which constitutes roughly half of the SLC22 (solute carrier 22) transporter family, has received a great deal of attention because of its role in handling of common drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), toxins (mercury, aristolochic acid), and nutrients (vitamins, flavonoids). Oats are expressed in many tissues, including kidney, liver, choroid plexus, olfactory mucosa, brain, retina, and placenta. Recent metabolomics and microarray data from Oat1 [Slc22a6, originally identified as NKT (novel kidney transporter)] and Oat3 (Slc22a8) knockouts, as well as systems biology studies, indicate that this pathway plays a central role in the metabolism and handling of gut microbiome metabolites as well as putative uremic toxins of kidney disease. Nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, such as Hnf4α and Hnf1α, appear to regulate the expression of certain Oats in conjunction with phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Some Oats have a strong selectivity for particular signaling molecules, including cyclic nucleotides, conjugated sex steroids, odorants, uric acid, and prostaglandins and/or their metabolites. According to the "Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis," which is elaborated in detail here, Oats may function in remote interorgan communication by regulating levels of signaling molecules and key metabolites in tissues and body fluids. Oats may also play a major role in interorganismal communication (via movement of small molecules across the intestine, placental barrier, into breast milk, and volatile odorants into the urine). The role of various Oat isoforms in systems physiology appears quite complex, and their ramifications are discussed in the context of remote sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gleb Martovetsky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sun-Young Ahn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Henry C Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Erin Richard
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Vibha Bhatnagar
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Hagos Y, Hundertmark P, Shnitsar V, Marada VVVR, Wulf G, Burckhardt G. Renal human organic anion transporter 3 increases the susceptibility of lymphoma cells to bendamustine uptake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F330-8. [PMID: 25477469 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00467.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) is often associated with nephritic syndrome. Effective treatment of CLL by chlorambucil and bendamustine leads to the restoration of renal function. In this contribution, we sought to elucidate the impact of organic anion transporters (OATs) on the uptake of bendamustine and chlorambucil as a probable reason for the superior efficacy of bendamustine over chlorambucil in the treatment of CLL. We examined the effects of structural analogs of p-aminohippurate (PAH), melphalan, chlorambucil, and bendamustine, on OAT1-mediated [(3)H]PAH uptake and OAT3- and OAT4-mediated [(3)H]estrone sulfate (ES) uptake in stably transfected human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Melphalan had no significant inhibitory effect on any OAT, whereas chlorambucil reduced OAT1-, OAT3-, and OAT4-mediated uptake of PAH or ES down to 14.6%, 16.3%, and 66.0% of control, respectively. Bendamustine inhibited only OAT3-mediated ES uptake, which was reduced down to 14.3% of control cells, suggesting that it interacts exclusively with OAT3. The IC50 value for OAT3 was calculated to be 0.8 μM. Real-time PCR experiments demonstrated a high expression of OAT3 in lymphoma cell lines as well as primary CLL cells. OAT3-mediated accumulation of bendamustine was associated with reduced cell proliferation and an increased rate of apoptosis. We conclude that the high efficacy of bendamustine in treating CLL might be partly contributed to the expression of OAT3 in lymphoma cells and the high affinity of bendamustine for this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Hagos
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Philip Hundertmark
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Volodymyr Shnitsar
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Venkata V V R Marada
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burckhardt
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
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Sanchez-Covarrubias L, Slosky LM, Thompson BJ, Davis TP, Ronaldson PT. Transporters at CNS barrier sites: obstacles or opportunities for drug delivery? Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:1422-49. [PMID: 23789948 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barriers are critical determinants of CNS homeostasis. Additionally, the BBB and BCSF barriers are formidable obstacles to effective CNS drug delivery. These brain barrier sites express putative influx and efflux transporters that precisely control permeation of circulating solutes including drugs. The study of transporters has enabled a shift away from "brute force" approaches to delivering drugs by physically circumventing brain barriers towards chemical approaches that can target specific compounds of the BBB and/or BCSF barrier. However, our understanding of transporters at the BBB and BCSF barriers has primarily focused on understanding efflux transporters that efficiently prevent drugs from attaining therapeutic concentrations in the CNS. Recently, through the characterization of multiple endogenously expressed uptake transporters, this paradigm has shifted to the study of brain transporter targets that can facilitate drug delivery (i.e., influx transporters). Additionally, signaling pathways and trafficking mechanisms have been identified for several endogenous BBB/BCSF transporters, thereby offering even more opportunities to understand how transporters can be exploited for optimization of CNS drug delivery. This review presents an overview of the BBB and BCSF barrier as well as the many families of transporters functionally expressed at these barrier sites. Furthermore, we present an overview of various strategies that have been designed and utilized to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain with a particular emphasis on those approaches that directly target endogenous BBB/BCSF barrier transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050.
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Chioukh R, Noel-Hudson MS, Ribes S, Fournier N, Becquemont L, Verstuyft C. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit methotrexate transport by renal basolateral organic anion transporter hOAT3. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:2041-8. [PMID: 25239859 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coadministration of methotrexate (MTX) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can result in a pharmacokinetic interaction that delays MTX elimination and subsequently increases the MTX blood concentrations. Human organic anion transporters (hOATs) are responsible for the renal tubular secretion of MTX and are thought to be involved in this drug interaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potencies of PPIs on hOAT1 and hOAT3, which are the two isoforms of OATs predominantly expressed in kidney proximal tubules. Using stably transfected cell systems that express the uptake transporters human embryonic kidney (HEK)-hOAT1 and HEK-hOAT3, we analyzed the inhibitory potencies of omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole on OAT-mediated [(3)H]estrone sulfate (ES), [(3)H]p-aminohippuric acid (PAH), and [(3)H]MTX uptake in vitro. hOAT3 is a high affinity transporter for MTX (Km = 21.17 ± 5.65 µM). Omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole inhibited [(3)H]MTX uptake in HEK-hOAT3 cells with an IC50 of 6.8 ± 1.16, 1.14 ± 0.26, and 4.45 ± 1.62 µM, respectively, and inhibited the [(3)H]ES uptake in HEK-hOAT3 cells with an IC50 of 20.59 ± 4.07, 3.96 ± 0.96, and 7.89 ± 2.31 µM, respectively. Furthermore, omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole exhibited inhibited PAH uptake on hOAT1 in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 4.32 ± 1.26, 7.58 ± 1.06, and 63.21 ± 4.74 µM, respectively). These in vitro results suggest that PPIs inhibit [(3)H]MTX transport via hOAT3 inhibition, which most likely explains the drug-drug interactions between MTX and PPIs and should be considered for other OATs substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Chioukh
- EA 4123 Barrières Physiologiques et Réponses Thérapeutiques (R.C., M.-S.N.-H., S.R., L.B., C.V.) and EA 4529 Lipides Membranaires et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux (N.F.), Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (L.B.); and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.V.)
| | - Marie-Sophie Noel-Hudson
- EA 4123 Barrières Physiologiques et Réponses Thérapeutiques (R.C., M.-S.N.-H., S.R., L.B., C.V.) and EA 4529 Lipides Membranaires et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux (N.F.), Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (L.B.); and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.V.)
| | - Sandy Ribes
- EA 4123 Barrières Physiologiques et Réponses Thérapeutiques (R.C., M.-S.N.-H., S.R., L.B., C.V.) and EA 4529 Lipides Membranaires et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux (N.F.), Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (L.B.); and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.V.)
| | - Natalie Fournier
- EA 4123 Barrières Physiologiques et Réponses Thérapeutiques (R.C., M.-S.N.-H., S.R., L.B., C.V.) and EA 4529 Lipides Membranaires et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux (N.F.), Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (L.B.); and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.V.)
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- EA 4123 Barrières Physiologiques et Réponses Thérapeutiques (R.C., M.-S.N.-H., S.R., L.B., C.V.) and EA 4529 Lipides Membranaires et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux (N.F.), Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (L.B.); and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.V.)
| | - Celine Verstuyft
- EA 4123 Barrières Physiologiques et Réponses Thérapeutiques (R.C., M.-S.N.-H., S.R., L.B., C.V.) and EA 4529 Lipides Membranaires et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux (N.F.), Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (L.B.); and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.V.)
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Hering-Smith KS, Mao W, Schiro FR, Coleman-Barnett J, Pajor AM, Hamm LL. Localization of the calcium-regulated citrate transport process in proximal tubule cells. Urolithiasis 2014; 42:209-19. [PMID: 24652587 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-014-0653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urinary citrate is an important inhibitor of calcium-stone formation. Most of the citrate reabsorption in the proximal tubule is thought to occur via a dicarboxylate transporter NaDC1 located in the apical membrane. OK cells, an established opossum kidney proximal tubule cell line, transport citrate but the characteristics change with extracellular calcium such that low calcium solutions stimulate total citrate transport as well as increase the apparent affinity for transport. The present studies address several fundamental properties of this novel process: the polarity of the transport process, the location of the calcium-sensitivity and whether NaDC1 is present in OK cells. OK cells grown on permeable supports exhibited apical >basolateral citrate transport. Apical transport of both citrate and succinate was sensitive to extracellular calcium whereas basolateral transport was not. Apical calcium, rather than basolateral, was the predominant determinant of changes in transport. Also 2,3-dimethylsuccinate, previously identified as an inhibitor of basolateral dicarboxylate transport, inhibited apical citrate uptake. Although the calcium-sensitive transport process in OK cells is functionally not typical NaDC1, NaDC1 is present in OK cells by Western blot and PCR. By immunolocalization studies, NaDC1 was predominantly located in discrete apical membrane or subapical areas. However, by biotinylation, apical NaDC1 decreases in the apical membrane with lowering calcium. In sum, OK cells express a calcium-sensitive/regulated dicarboxylate process at the apical membrane which responds to variations in apical calcium. Despite the functional differences of this process compared to NaDC1, NaDC1 is present in these cells, but predominantly in subapical vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Hering-Smith
- Research Service, Southeastern Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, LA, 70161, USA,
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Chan S, Chen MP, Cao JM, Chan GCF, Cheung YF. Carvedilol protects against iron-induced microparticle generation and apoptosis of endothelial cells. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:200-10. [PMID: 24662949 DOI: 10.1159/000356808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) have been shown to associate with endothelial dysfunction. We explored the effect of iron on EMP generation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential protective effect of carvedilol. METHODS FeCl 3 was added to HUVEC culture. Iron entry into cells was monitored using fluorescent microscopic imaging, while the quantity of EMPs that was released was determined by flow cytometry. The apoptosis of HUVECs was assessed by annexin V/propidium iodide assay and caspase-3 expression. Membrane bleb formation was visualized using electron microscopy. Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also monitored. The effects of beta-blockers, carvedilol and propranolol on these processes were determined by co-incubation in a dose-dependent manner. Iron entry into HUVECs was not blocked by either beta-blocker. Iron induced the generation of EMPs, the formation of membrane blebs, the apoptosis of HUVECs and the production of ROS, each in a dose-dependent manner. Carvedilol, but not propranolol, ameliorated all of these processes. RESULTS Our result indicates that iron induces EMP generation and apoptosis of endothelial cells in association with increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The protective effects of carvedilol, via its antioxidant effect, may have therapeutic potential in patients with iron overload.
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