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Ali FEM, Badran KSA, Baraka MA, Althagafy HS, Hassanein EHM. Mechanism and impact of heavy metal-aluminum (Al) toxicity on male reproduction: Therapeutic approaches with some phytochemicals. Life Sci 2024; 340:122461. [PMID: 38286208 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental toxicants that have been known to have a serious effect on human and animal health. Aluminum (Al) is a widely distributed metal in nature. Al exposure has a detrimental impact on human fertility. This review focused on Al-induced male reproductive toxicity and the potential therapeutic approaches with some phytochemicals. Data from the literature showed that Al exposure is accompanied by a drastic decline in blood levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone, reduced sperm count, and affected sperm quality. Al exposure at high levels can cause oxidative stress by increasing ROS and RNS production, mediated mainly by downregulating Nrf2 signaling. Moreover, several investigations demonstrated that Al exposure evoked inflammation, evidenced by increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Additionally, substantial evidence concluded the key role of apoptosis in Al-induced testicular toxicity mediated by upregulating caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl2 protein. The damaging effects of Al on mitochondrial bioenergetics are thought to be due to the excessive generation of free radicals. This review helps to clarify the main mechanism involved in Al-associated testicular intoxication and the treatment strategy to attenuate the notable harmful effects on the male reproductive system. It will encourage clinical efforts to target the pathway involved in Al-associated testicular intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Khalid S A Badran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Baraka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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2
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Qian Z, Shi D, Zhang H, Li Z, Huang L, Yan X, Lin S. Transcription Factors and Their Regulatory Roles in the Male Gametophyte Development of Flowering Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:566. [PMID: 38203741 PMCID: PMC10778882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Male gametophyte development in plants relies on the functions of numerous genes, whose expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs), non-coding RNAs, hormones, and diverse environmental stresses. Several excellent reviews are available that address the genes and enzymes associated with male gametophyte development, especially pollen wall formation. Growing evidence from genetic studies, transcriptome analysis, and gene-by-gene studies suggests that TFs coordinate with epigenetic machinery to regulate the expression of these genes and enzymes for the sequential male gametophyte development. However, very little summarization has been performed to comprehensively review their intricate regulatory roles and discuss their downstream targets and upstream regulators in this unique process. In the present review, we highlight the research progress on the regulatory roles of TF families in the male gametophyte development of flowering plants. The transcriptional regulation, epigenetic control, and other regulators of TFs involved in male gametophyte development are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qian
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Dexi Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sue Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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3
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Yan H, Zhuang M, Xu X, Li S, Yang M, Li N, Du X, Hu K, Peng X, Huang W, Wu H, Tse YC, Zhao L, Wang H. Autophagy and its mediated mitochondrial quality control maintain pollen tube growth and male fertility in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2023; 19:768-783. [PMID: 35786359 PMCID: PMC9980518 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2095838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a major catabolic pathway in eukaryotes, participates in plant sexual reproduction including the processes of male gametogenesis and the self-incompatibility response. Rapid pollen tube growth is another essential reproductive process that is metabolically highly demanding to drive the vigorous cell growth for delivery of male gametes for fertilization in angiosperms. Whether and how autophagy operates to maintain the homeostasis of pollen tubes remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that autophagy is elevated in growing pollen tubes and critically required during pollen tube growth and male fertility in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that SH3P2, a critical non-ATG regulator of plant autophagy, colocalizes with representative ATG proteins during autophagosome biogenesis in growing pollen tubes. Downregulation of SH3P2 expression significantly disrupts Arabidopsis pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Further analysis of organelle dynamics reveals crosstalk between autophagosomes and prevacuolar compartments following the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In addition, time-lapse imaging and tracking of ATG8e-labeled autophagosomes and depolarized mitochondria demonstrate that they interact specifically via the ATG8-family interacting motif (AIM)-docking site to mediate mitophagy. Ultrastructural identification of mitophagosomes and two additional forms of autophagosomes imply that multiple types of autophagy are likely to function simultaneously within pollen tubes. Altogether, our results suggest that autophagy is functionally crucial for mediating mitochondrial quality control and canonical cytoplasm recycling during pollen tube growth.Abbreviations: AIM: ATG8-family interacting motif; ATG8: autophagy related 8; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BTH: acibenzolar-S-methyl; DEX: dexamethasone; DNP: 2,4-dinitrophenol; GFP: green fluorescent protein; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PVC: prevacuolar compartment; SH3P2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Menglong Zhuang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingkang Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Nianle Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangwei Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Yu Chung Tse
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Sharma I, Kirti PB, Pati PK. Autophagy: a game changer for plant development and crop improvement. PLANTA 2022; 256:103. [PMID: 36307739 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of autophagic pathway represents a tremendous opportunity for designing climate-smart crops with improved yield and better adaptability to changing environment. For exploiting autophagy to its full potential, identification and comprehensive characterization of adapters/receptor complex and elucidation of its regulatory network in crop plants is highly warranted. Autophagy is a major intracellular trafficking pathway in eukaryotes involved in vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, mis-folded proteins, and defective organelles. Under optimum conditions, autophagy operates at a basal level to maintain cellular homeostasis, but under stressed conditions, it is induced further to provide temporal stress relief. Our understanding of this highly dynamic process has evolved exponentially in the past few years with special reference to several plant-specific roles of autophagy. Here, we review the most recent advances in the field of autophagy in plants and discuss its potential implications in designing crops with improved stress and disease-tolerance, enhanced yield potential, and improved capabilities for producing metabolites of high economic value. We also assess the current knowledge gaps and the possible strategies to develop a robust module for biotechnological application of autophagy to enhance bioeconomy and sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- AgriBiotech Foundation, PJTS Agriculture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India.
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 502324, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 140301, India
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5
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Goh T, Sakamoto K, Wang P, Kozono S, Ueno K, Miyashima S, Toyokura K, Fukaki H, Kang BH, Nakajima K. Autophagy promotes organelle clearance and organized cell separation of living root cap cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 2022; 149:275183. [PMID: 35485417 PMCID: PMC9245187 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The root cap is a multilayered tissue covering the tip of a plant root that directs root growth through its unique functions, such as gravity sensing and rhizosphere interaction. To maintain the structure and function of the root cap, its constituent cells are constantly turned over through balanced cell division and cell detachment in the inner and outer cell layers, respectively. Upon displacement toward the outermost layer, columella cells at the central root cap domain functionally transition from gravity-sensing cells to secretory cells, but the mechanisms underlying this drastic cell fate transition are largely unknown. Here, using live-cell tracking microscopy, we show that organelles in the outermost cell layer undergo dramatic rearrangements. This rearrangement depends, at least partially, on spatiotemporally regulated activation of autophagy. Notably, this root cap autophagy does not lead to immediate cell death, but is instead necessary for organized separation of living root cap cells, highlighting a previously undescribed role of developmentally regulated autophagy in plants. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Summary: Time-lapse microscopy reveals the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular reorganization associated with the functional transition and cell separation in Arabidopsis root caps, and the roles of autophagy in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Saki Kozono
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Koki Ueno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Koichi Toyokura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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6
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Sonmez MC, Ozgur R, Uzilday B, Turkan I, Ganie SA. Redox regulation in
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3
and
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plants during climate change and its implications on food security. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
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7
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Physiological attributes and transcriptomics analyses reveal the mechanism response of Helictotrichon virescens to low temperature stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:280. [PMID: 35392804 PMCID: PMC8991566 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helictotrichon virescens is a perennial grass that is primarily distributed in high altitude areas of 2000 ~ 4500 m. It is widely cultivated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, strongly resistant to cold, and an essential part of the wild herbs in this region. However, the molecular mechanism of the response of H. virescens to low temperature stress and the key regulatory genes for specific biological processes are poorly understood. Results Physiological and transcriptome analyses were used to study the cold stress response mechanism in H virescens. During the low temperature stress period, the content of chlorophyll a and b decreased more and more with the delay of the treatment time. Among them, the difference between the controls was not significant, and the difference between the control and the treatment was significant. At the same time, the expression of related differential genes was up-regulated during low temperature treatment. In addition, the plant circadian pathway is crucial for their response to cold stress. The expression of differentially expressed genes that encode LHY and HY5 were strongly up-regulated during cold stress. Conclusions This study should help to fully understand how H. virescens responds to low temperatures. It answers pertinent questions in the response of perennial herbs to cold stress, i.e., how light and low temperature signals integrate to regulate plant circadian rhythms and Decrease of content of chlorophylls (which can be also accompanied with decrease of total quantity of reaction centers) leads to an increase in photosynthetic damage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08526-4.
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Xie DL, Zheng XL, Zhou CY, Kanwar MK, Zhou J. Functions of Redox Signaling in Pollen Development and Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020287. [PMID: 35204170 PMCID: PMC8868224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox homeostasis is crucial for normal plant growth and development. Each developmental stage of plants has a specific redox mode and is maintained by various environmental cues, oxidants, and antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are the chief oxidants in plant cells and participate in cell signal transduction and redox balance. The production and removal of oxidants are in a dynamic balance, which is necessary for plant growth. Especially during reproductive development, pollen development depends on ROS-mediated tapetal programmed cell death to provide nutrients and other essential substances. The deviation of the redox state in any period will lead to microspore abortion and pollen sterility. Meanwhile, pollens are highly sensitive to environmental stress, in particular to cell oxidative burst due to its peculiar structure and function. In this regard, plants have evolved a series of complex mechanisms to deal with redox imbalance and oxidative stress damage. This review summarizes the functions of the main redox components in different stages of pollen development, and highlights various redox protection mechanisms of pollen in response to environmental stimuli. In continuation, we also discuss the potential applications of plant growth regulators and antioxidants for improving pollen vigor and fertility in sustaining better agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Dun RL, Lan TY, Tsai J, Mao JM, Shao YQ, Hu XH, Zhu WJ, Qi GC, Peng Y. Protective Effect of Melatonin for Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:791036. [PMID: 35095558 PMCID: PMC8793910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes related to acute kidney damage. Melatonin has been shown as a powerful antioxidant, with many animal experiments have been designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of it to renal I/R injury. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of melatonin for renal I/R injury in animal models. Methods and Results: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct were searched for animal experiments applying melatonin to treat renal I/R injury to February 2021. Thirty-one studies were included. The pooled analysis showed a greater reduction of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (21 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = −30.00 [−42.09 to −17.91], p < 0.00001), and serum creatinine (SCr) (20 studies, WMD = −0.91 [−1.17 to −0.66], p < 0.00001) treated with melatonin. Subgroup analysis suggested that multiple administration could reduce the BUN compared with control. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were significantly reduced, meanwhile, melatonin significantly improved the activity of glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase. The possible mechanism for melatonin to treat renal I/R injury is inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and fibrillation in AKI to chronic kidney disease. Conclusions: From the available data of small animal studies, this systematic review demonstrated that melatonin could improve renal function and antioxidative effects to cure renal I/R injury through, then multiple administration of melatonin might be more appropriate. Nonetheless, extensive basic experiments are need to study the mechanism of melatonin, then well-designed randomized controlled trials to explore the protective effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-liang Dun
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-ying Lan
- Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-min Mao
- Urology Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-qun Shao
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-hua Hu
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-jing Zhu
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-chong Qi
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Urology Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Peng
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10
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Rivero RM, Mittler R, Blumwald E, Zandalinas SI. Developing climate-resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:373-389. [PMID: 34482588 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and flooding, negatively affecting crop yields and causing food shortages. Climate change is also altering the composition and behavior of different insect and pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints to agriculture are caused by the increasing amounts of human-generated pollutants, as well as the negative impact of climate change on soil microbiomes. Although in the laboratory, we are trained to study the impact of individual stress conditions on plants, in the field many stresses, pollutants, and pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect plants, causing conditions of stress combination. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of such stress combination events (e.g., heat waves combined with drought, flooding, or other abiotic stresses, pollutants, and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort is needed to study how stress combination is affecting crops. This need is particularly critical, as many studies have shown that the response of plants to stress combination is unique and cannot be predicted from simply studying each of the different stresses that are part of the stress combination. Strategies to enhance crop tolerance to a particular stress may therefore fail to enhance tolerance to this specific stress, when combined with other factors. Here we review recent studies of stress combinations in different plants and propose new approaches and avenues for the development of stress combination- and climate change-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, CEBAS-CSIC, Ed 25, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
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11
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Ye C, Zheng S, Jiang D, Lu J, Huang Z, Liu Z, Zhou H, Zhuang C, Li J. Initiation and Execution of Programmed Cell Death and Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312942. [PMID: 34884747 PMCID: PMC8657872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays crucial roles in plant development and defence response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal plant growth, and high ROS concentrations can change the antioxidant status of cells, leading to spontaneous cell death. In addition, ROS function as signalling molecules to improve plant stress tolerance, and they induce PCD under different conditions. This review describes the mechanisms underlying plant PCD, the key functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts in PCD, and the relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts during PCD. Additionally, the review discusses the factors that regulate PCD. Most importantly, in this review, we summarise the sites of production of ROS and discuss the roles of ROS that not only trigger multiple signalling pathways leading to PCD but also participate in the execution of PCD, highlighting the importance of ROS in PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zongna Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Ji H, Yu Z, He L, Zhu J, Cao X, Song X. Programmed cell death induced by modified clay in controlling Prorocentrum donghaiense bloom. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:123-134. [PMID: 34607661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modified clay (MC), an effective material used for the emergency elimination of algal blooms, can rapidly reduce the biomass of harmful algal blooms (HABs) via flocculation. After that, MC can still control bloom population through indirect effects such as oxidative stress, which was initially proposed to be related to programmed cell death (PCD) at molecular level. To further study the MC induced cell death in residual bloom organisms, especially identifying PCD process, we studied the physiological state of the residual Prorocentrum donghaiense. The experimental results showed that flocculation changed the physiological state of the residual cells, as evidenced by growth inhibition and increased reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, this research provides biochemical and ultrastructural evidence showing that MC induces PCD in P. donghaiense. Nuclear changes were observed, and increased caspase-like activity, externalization of phosphatidylserine and DNA fragmentation were detected in MC-treated groups and quantified. And the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated in both MC-treated groups. Besides, the features of MC-induced PCD in a unicellular organism were summarized and its concentration dependent manner was proved. All our preliminary results elucidate the mechanism through which MC can further control HABs by inducing PCD and suggest a promising application of PCD in bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Liyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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13
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Thind AS, Vitali V, Guarracino MR, Catania F. What's Genetic Variation Got to Do with It? Starvation-Induced Self-Fertilization Enhances Survival in Paramecium. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:626-638. [PMID: 32163147 PMCID: PMC7239694 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pervasiveness of sex despite its well-known costs is a long-standing puzzle in evolutionary biology. Current explanations for the success of sex in nature largely rely on the adaptive significance of the new or rare genotypes that sex may generate. Less explored is the possibility that sex-underlying molecular mechanisms can enhance fitness and convey benefits to the individuals that bear the immediate costs of sex. Here, we show that the molecular environment associated with self-fertilization can increase stress resistance in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. This advantage is independent of new genetic variation, coupled with a reduced nutritional input, and offers fresh insights into the mechanistic origin of sex. In addition to providing evidence that the molecular underpinnings of sexual reproduction and the stress response are linked in P. tetraurelia, these findings supply an integrative explanation for the persistence of self-fertilization in this ciliate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarinder Singh Thind
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Vitali
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Rosario Guarracino
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Catania
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Münster, Germany
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14
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Zhou LL, Gao KY, Cheng LS, Wang YL, Cheng YK, Xu QT, Deng XY, Li JW, Mei FZ, Zhou ZQ. Short-term waterlogging-induced autophagy in root cells of wheat can inhibit programmed cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:891-904. [PMID: 33486619 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. In wheat, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates programmed cell death (PCD) is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that short-term waterlogging-induced autophagy inhibited PCD in root cells of wheat. The waterlogging-tolerant wheat cultivar Huamai 8 and the waterlogging-sensitive wheat cultivar Huamai 9 were used as experimental materials, and their roots were waterlogged for 0-48 h. Waterlogging stress increased the number of autophagic structures, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (TaATG), and the occurrence of PCD in root cells. PCD manifested as morphological changes in the cell nucleus, significant enhancement of DNA laddering bands, and increases in caspase-like protease activity and the expression levels of metacaspase genes. The autophagy promoter rapamycin (RAPA) reduced PCD levels, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced them. The expression levels of TaATG genes and the number of autophagic structures were lower in cortex cells than in stele cells, but the levels of PCD were higher in cortex cells. The number of autophagic structures was greater in Huamai 8 than in Huamai 9, but the levels of PCD were lower. In summary, our results showed that short-term waterlogging induced autophagy which could inhibit PCD. Mechanisms of response to waterlogging stress differed between cortex and stele cells and between two wheat cultivars of contrasting waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kai-Yue Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Sha Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yue-Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Keng Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu-Tao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Deng
- College of Food and Biological Science and Technology, Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ji-Wei Li
- College of Food and Biological Science and Technology, Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fang-Zhu Mei
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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15
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Chaturvedi P, Wiese AJ, Ghatak A, Záveská Drábková L, Weckwerth W, Honys D. Heat stress response mechanisms in pollen development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:571-585. [PMID: 33818773 PMCID: PMC9292940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being rooted in place, plants are faced with the challenge of responding to unfavourable local conditions. One such condition, heat stress, contributes massively to crop losses globally. Heatwaves are predicted to increase, and it is of vital importance to generate crops that are tolerant to not only heat stress but also to several other abiotic stresses (e.g. drought stress, salinity stress) to ensure that global food security is protected. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the temperature stress response in pollen will be a significant step towards developing effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants. While most studies have focused on the vegetative phase of plant growth to understand heat stress tolerance, it is the reproductive phase that requires more attention as it is more sensitive to elevated temperatures. Every phase of reproductive development is affected by environmental challenges, including pollen and ovule development, pollen tube growth, male-female cross-talk, fertilization, and embryo development. In this review we summarize how pollen is affected by heat stress and the molecular mechanisms employed during the stress period, as revealed by classical and -omics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Anna J. Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
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16
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Thanthrige N, Bhowmik SD, Ferguson BJ, Kabbage M, Mundree SG, Williams B. Potential Biotechnological Applications of Autophagy for Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:760407. [PMID: 34777441 PMCID: PMC8579036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a genetically regulated, eukaryotic cellular degradation system that sequestrates cytoplasmic materials in specialised vesicles, termed autophagosomes, for delivery and breakdown in the lysosome or vacuole. In plants, autophagy plays essential roles in development (e.g., senescence) and responses to abiotic (e.g., nutrient starvation, drought and oxidative stress) and biotic stresses (e.g., hypersensitive response). Initially, autophagy was considered a non-selective bulk degradation mechanism that provides energy and building blocks for homeostatic balance during stress. Recent studies, however, reveal that autophagy may be more subtle and selectively target ubiquitylated protein aggregates, protein complexes and even organelles for degradation to regulate vital cellular processes even during favourable conditions. The selective nature of autophagy lends itself to potential manipulation and exploitation as part of designer protein turnover machinery for the development of stress-tolerant and disease-resistant crops, crops with increased yield potential and agricultural efficiency and reduced post-harvest losses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy and speculate its potential manipulation for improved agricultural performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipuni Thanthrige
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sudipta Das Bhowmik
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett J. Ferguson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sagadevan G. Mundree
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Brett Williams,
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17
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Akita K, Takagi T, Kobayashi K, Kuchitsu K, Kuroiwa T, Nagata N. Ultrastructural characterization of microlipophagy induced by the interaction of vacuoles and lipid bodies around generative and sperm cells in Arabidopsis pollen. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:129-138. [PMID: 32968871 PMCID: PMC7782417 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During pollen maturation, various organelles change their distribution and function during development as male gametophytes. We analyzed the behavior of lipid bodies and vacuoles involved in lipophagy in Arabidopsis pollen using serial section SEM and conventional TEM. At the bicellular pollen stage, lipid bodies in the vegetative cells lined up at the surface of the generative cell. Vacuoles then tightly attached, drew in, and degraded the lipid bodies and eventually occupied the space of the lipid bodies. Degradation of lipid began before transfer of the entire contents of the lipid body. At the tricellular stage, vacuoles instead of lipid bodies surrounded the sperm cells. The degradation of lipid bodies is morphologically considered microautophagy. The atg2-1 Arabidopsis mutant is deficient in one autophagy-related gene (ATG). In this mutant, the assembly of vacuoles around sperm cells was sparser than that in wild-type pollen. The deficiency of ATG2 likely prevents or slows lipid degradation, although it does not prevent contact between organelles. These results demonstrate the involvement of microlipophagy in the pollen development of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Akita
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takagi
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Hanamata S, Kurusu T, Kuchitsu K. Cell Cycle-Dependence of Autophagic Activity and Inhibition of Autophagosome Formation at M Phase in Tobacco BY-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9166. [PMID: 33271936 PMCID: PMC7730373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and plays an essential role in stress adaptation and development by recycling nutrients and maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, the dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of autophagosome formation during the cell cycle in plant cells remain poorly elucidated. We here analyzed the number of autophagosomes during cell cycle progression in synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells expressing YFP-NtATG8a as a marker for the autophagosomes. Autophagosomes were abundant in the G2 and G1 phases of interphase, though they were much less abundant in the M and S phases. Autophagosomes drastically decreased during the G2/M transition, and the CDK inhibitor roscovitine inhibited the G2/M transition and the decrease in autophagosomes. Autophagosomes were rapidly increased by a proteasome inhibitor, MG-132. MG-132-induced autophagosome formation was also markedly lower in the M phases than during interphase. These results indicate that the activity of autophagosome formation is differently regulated at each cell cycle stage, which is strongly suppressed during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, Nishi-ku 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suwa University of Science, 5000-1 Toyohira, Chino, Nagano 391-0292, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
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19
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Zhu T, Li Z, An X, Long Y, Xue X, Xie K, Ma B, Zhang D, Guan Y, Niu C, Dong Z, Hou Q, Zhao L, Wu S, Li J, Jin W, Wan X. Normal Structure and Function of Endothecium Chloroplasts Maintained by ZmMs33-Mediated Lipid Biosynthesis in Tapetal Cells Are Critical for Anther Development in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1624-1643. [PMID: 32956899 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genic male sterility (GMS) is critical for heterosis utilization and hybrid seed production. Although GMS mutants and genes have been studied extensively in plants, it has remained unclear whether chloroplast-associated photosynthetic and metabolic activities are involved in the regulation of anther development. In this study, we characterized the function of ZmMs33/ZmGPAT6, which encodes a member of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) family that catalyzes the first step of the glycerolipid synthetic pathway. We found that normal structure and function of endothecium (En) chloroplasts maintained by ZmMs33-mediated lipid biosynthesis in tapetal cells are crucial for maize anther development. ZmMs33 is expressed mainly in the tapetum at early anther developmental stages and critical for cell proliferation and expansion at late stages. Chloroplasts in En cells of wild-type anthers function as starch storage sites before stage 10 but as photosynthetic factories since stage 10 to enable starch metabolism and carbohydrate supply. Loss of ZmMs33 function inhibits the biosynthesis of glycolipids and phospholipids, which are major components of En chloroplast membranes, and disrupts the development and function of En chloroplasts, resulting in the formation of abnormal En chloroplasts containing numerous starch granules. Further analyses reveal that starch synthesis during the day and starch degradation at night are greatly suppressed in the mutant anthers, leading to carbon starvation and low energy status, as evidenced by low trehalose-6-phosphate content and a reduced ATP/AMP ratio. The energy sensor and inducer of autophagy, SnRK1, was activated to induce early and excessive autophagy, premature PCD, and metabolic reprogramming in tapetal cells, finally arresting the elongation and development of mutant anthers. Taken together, our results not only show that ZmMs33 is required for normal structure and function of En chloroplasts but also reveal that starch metabolism and photosynthetic activities of En chloroplasts at different developmental stages are essential for normal anther development. These findings provide novel insights for understanding how lipid biosynthesis in the tapetum, the structure and function of En chloroplasts, and energy and substance metabolism are coordinated to maintain maize anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zhu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yijian Guan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Canfang Niu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Quancan Hou
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center of USTB, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
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20
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Nogueira FM, Nogueira PVF, Vanzela ALL, Rocha DM. Ultrastructural analysis of Rhynchospora ovules: The first record of Cyperaceae megagametophyte on transmission electron microscope. Micron 2020; 140:102962. [PMID: 33099208 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are unusual in sedges (Cyperaceae), the third largest monocotyledonous family, as three microspores are aborted in favor of a single functional microspore. However, studies using light microscopy show that megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis occur normally. Nevertheless, the lack of ultrastructural details limits our knowledge of female gametophyte development in this family. Given the importance of morphological studies of reproductive structures, ovules and megagametophytes of Rhynchospora pubera were analyzed under transmission electron microscopy for the first time. Overall, ovules presented features similar to those described for the family, but ultrastructural details revealed an absence of a clear boundary between the egg cell and the central cell cytoplasm. Most interestingly, antipodal and nucellar cells showed several signs of vacuolar cell death, which suggest that programmed autolysis in sporogenous and gametophytic tissue is common in gametophyte development in the Cyperaceae. This may be related to the reproductive success of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Nogueira
- Laboratory of Algae and Plants of Amazonia (LAPAM), Federal University of Oeste do Pará (UFOPA) Campus Oriximiná, Rodovia PA-254, 257, Oriximiná, PA, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vinicius F Nogueira
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis (LMEM), State University of Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - André Luís Laforga Vanzela
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Diversity (LCDV), State University of Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Danilo Massuia Rocha
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics (DEBIOGEM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue 4748, 84030-900, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Diversity (LCDV), State University of Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
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21
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Mating type specific transcriptomic response to sex inducing pheromone in the pennate diatom Seminavis robusta. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:562-576. [PMID: 33028976 PMCID: PMC8027222 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is a fundamental phase in the life cycle of most diatoms. Despite its role as a source of genetic variation, it is rarely reported in natural circumstances and its molecular foundations remain largely unknown. Here, we integrate independent transcriptomic datasets to prioritize genes responding to sex inducing pheromones (SIPs) in the pennate diatom Seminavis robusta. We observe marked gene expression changes associated with SIP treatment in both mating types, including an inhibition of S phase progression, chloroplast division, mitosis, and cell wall formation. Meanwhile, meiotic genes are upregulated in response to SIP, including a sexually induced diatom specific cyclin. Our data further suggest an important role for reactive oxygen species, energy metabolism, and cGMP signaling during the early stages of sexual reproduction. In addition, we identify several genes with a mating type specific response to SIP, and link their expression pattern with physiological specialization, such as the production of the attraction pheromone diproline in mating type − (MT−) and mate-searching behavior in mating type + (MT+). Combined, our results provide a model for early sexual reproduction in pennate diatoms and significantly expand the suite of target genes to detect sexual reproduction events in natural diatom populations.
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22
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Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
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23
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Yang J, Liu H, Han S, Fu Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Wang L. Melatonin pretreatment alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting autophagic flux via TLR4/MyD88/MEK/ERK/mTORC1 signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:12324-12337. [PMID: 32662527 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001252r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular homeostasis and survival during pathologic stress conditions in the kidney, such as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In this study, renal IR was induced in female C57BL/6 mice after melatonin administration. Renal function, histological damage, inflammatory infiltration, cytokine production, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, autophagy changing, apoptosis levels, and autophagy-associated intracellular signaling pathway were assessed to evaluate the impact of antecedent melatonin treatment on IR-induced renal injury. The administration of melatonin resulted in significantly preserved renal function, and the protective effect was associated with ameliorated oxidative stress, limited pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, autophagic flux was increased after melatonin administration while the apoptosis levels were decreased in the melatonin-pretreated mice. Using TAK-242 and CRX-527, we confirmed that MyD88-dependent TLR4 and MEK/ERK/mTORC1 signaling participated in melatonin-induced autophagy in IR mice. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that antecedent melatonin treatment provides protection for the kidney against IR injury by enhancing autophagy, as regulated by the TLR4/MyD88/MEK/ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Therefore, melatonin preconditioning offers a potential therapeutic approach to prevent renal IR injury related to various clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Han
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiren Fu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Han B, Xu H, Feng Y, Xu W, Cui Q, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expressional Profiles of Autophagy-Related Genes ( ATGs) in Oilseed Crop Castor Bean ( Ricinus communis L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E562. [PMID: 31952322 PMCID: PMC7013546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular autophagy is a widely-occurring conserved process for turning over damaged organelles or recycling cytoplasmic contents in cells. Although autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been broadly identified from many plants, little is known about the potential function of autophagy in mediating plant growth and development, particularly in recycling cytoplasmic contents during seed development and germination. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most important inedible oilseed crops. Its mature seed has a persistent and large endosperm with a hard and lignified seed coat, and is considered a model system for studying seed biology. Here, a total of 34 RcATG genes were identified in the castor bean genome and their sequence structures were characterized. The expressional profiles of these RcATGs were examined using RNA-seq and real-time PCR in a variety of tissues. In particular, we found that most RcATGs were significantly up-regulated in the later stage of seed coat development, tightly associated with the lignification of cell wall tissues. During seed germination, the expression patterns of most RcATGs were associated with the decomposition of storage oils. Furthermore, we observed by electron microscopy that the lipid droplets were directly swallowed by the vacuoles, suggesting that autophagy directly participates in mediating the decomposition of lipid droplets via the microlipophagy pathway in germinating castor bean seeds. This study provides novel insights into understanding the potential function of autophagy in mediating seed development and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (B.H.); (W.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yingting Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (B.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountains of China, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
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25
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Cao JJ, Liu CX, Shao SJ, Zhou J. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy Regulation in Plants and Their Applications in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:618944. [PMID: 33664753 PMCID: PMC7921839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process for the degradation and recycling of unnecessary cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. Various studies have shown that autophagy plays a crucial role in plant growth, productivity, and survival. The extensive functions of plant autophagy have been revealed in numerous frontier studies, particularly those regarding growth adjustment, stress tolerance, the identification of related genes, and the involvement of metabolic pathways. However, elucidation of the molecular regulation of plant autophagy, particularly the upstream signaling elements, is still lagging. In this review, we summarize recent progress in research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagy regulation, including the roles of protein kinases, phytohormones, second messengers, and transcriptional and epigenetic control, as well as the relationship between autophagy and the 26S proteasome in model plants and crop species. We also discuss future research directions for the potential application of autophagy in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhou,
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26
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Hanamata S, Sawada J, Ono S, Ogawa K, Fukunaga T, Nonomura K, Kimura S, Kurusu T, Kuchitsu K. Impact of Autophagy on Gene Expression and Tapetal Programmed Cell Death During Pollen Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32210988 PMCID: PMC7068715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has recently been shown to be required for tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and pollen maturation in rice. A transcriptional regulatory network is also known to play a key role in the progression of tapetal PCD. However, the relationship between the gene regulatory network and autophagy in rice anther development is mostly unknown. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the effect of autophagy disruption on gene expression profile during the tapetal PCD in rice anther development using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Expression of thousands of genes, including specific transcription factors and several proteases required for tapetal degradation, fluctuated synchronously at specific stages during tapetal PCD progression in the wild-type anthers, while this fluctuation showed significant delay in the autophagy-deficient mutant Osatg7-1. Moreover, gene ontology enrichment analysis in combination with self-organizing map clustering as well as pathway analysis revealed that the expression patterns of a variety of organelle-related genes as well as genes involved in carbohydrate/lipid metabolism were affected in the Osatg7-1 mutant during pollen maturation. These results suggest that autophagy is required for proper regulation of gene expression and quality control of organelles and timely progression of tapetal PCD during rice pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jumpei Sawada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Seijiro Ono
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Togo Fukunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ken–Ichi Nonomura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takamitsu Kurusu, ; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu,
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takamitsu Kurusu, ; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu,
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27
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Urano D, Leong R, Wu TY, Jones AM. Quantitative morphological phenomics of rice G protein mutants portend autoimmunity. Dev Biol 2019; 457:83-90. [PMID: 31541643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The heterotrimeric G protein complex, composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, plays some role in structural development in plants but this role could be indirect because loss-of-function mutations do not alter the body plan and post-embryonic organs differ only morphologically and not in their identity. This uncertainty has been compounded by the fact that loss of the Gβ subunit in cereals, but not Arabidopsis, is seedling lethal and that loss of maize Gα subunit confers prolificacy of a reproductive organ. In this study, we comprehensively profiled the root and shoot structural traits of rice Gα-null and viable Gβ-RNAi "knockdown" mutants, and found anomalous morphologies caused by Gβ-RNAi that are distinct from the Arabidopsis orthologue. The rice Gβ-RNAi mutant exhibited reduced radial growth of aerial parts as well as a more compact root architecture, among which smaller root mass seems mainly due to increased necrosis when grown on soil. In addition, three dimensional analyses of rice root system architecture revealed that the smaller root architecture of Gβ-RNAi plant is also due to both reduced root elongation and adventitious root formation. This contrasts to the Arabidopsis Gβ-null mutation that promotes cell proliferation. There is elevated cell senescence activity both visualized by Evans Blue staining and inferred from an expression analysis of cell-death marker genes. We propose that the morphological phenotypes of rice Gβ-RNAi plants are predominantly associated with the mediation of various stresses and cell senescence, consistent with an indirect role for Arabidopsis Gβ in development where the orthologous gene ablation mainly confers altered cell proliferation. We also elaborate our speculative working hypothesis that cell division is a type of stress and as such due to impairment in responding to stress in the G protein mutants, manifests as altered morphology and architecture but not an altered body plan or organ identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
| | - Richalynn Leong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Ting-Ying Wu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA
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28
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Arif MA, Hiss M, Tomek M, Busch H, Meyberg R, Tintelnot S, Reski R, Rensing SA, Frank W. ABA-Induced Vegetative Diaspore Formation in Physcomitrella patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:315. [PMID: 30941155 PMCID: PMC6433873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a pivotal regulator of gene expression in response to various environmental stresses such as desiccation, salt and cold causing major changes in plant development and physiology. Here we show that in the moss Physcomitrella patens exogenous application of ABA triggers the formation of vegetative diaspores (brachycytes or brood cells) that enable plant survival in unfavorable environmental conditions. Such diaspores are round-shaped cells characterized by the loss of the central vacuole, due to an increased starch and lipid storage preparing these cells for growth upon suitable environmental conditions. To gain insights into the gene regulation underlying these developmental and physiological changes, we analyzed early transcriptome changes after 30, 60, and 180 min of ABA application and identified 1,030 differentially expressed genes. Among these, several groups can be linked to specific morphological and physiological changes during diaspore formation, such as genes involved in cell wall modifications. Furthermore, almost all members of ABA-dependent signaling and regulation were transcriptionally induced. Network analysis of transcription-associated genes revealed a large overlap of our study with ABA-dependent regulation in response to dehydration, cold stress, and UV-B light, indicating a fundamental function of ABA in diverse stress responses in moss. We also studied the evolutionary conservation of ABA-dependent regulation between moss and the seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana pointing to an early evolution of ABA-mediated stress adaptation during the conquest of the terrestrial habitat by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Asif Arif
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manuel Hiss
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marta Tomek
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabea Meyberg
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tintelnot
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing, Wolfgang Frank,
| | - Wolfgang Frank
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing, Wolfgang Frank,
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29
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Hanamata S, Sawada J, Toh B, Ono S, Ogawa K, Fukunaga T, Nonomura KI, Kurusu T, Kuchitsu K. Monitoring autophagy in rice tapetal cells during pollen maturation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:99-105. [PMID: 31768110 PMCID: PMC6847784 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.0417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that autophagy is required for post meiotic anther development including programmed cell death-mediated degradation of the tapetum and pollen maturation in rice. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of autophagy in the tapetum remain poorly understood. We here established an in vivo imaging technique to analyze the dynamics of autophagy in rice tapetum cells by expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged AtATG8, a marker for autophagosomes. 3D-imaging analysis revealed that the number of autophagosomes/autophagy-related structures is extremely low at the tetrad stage (stage 8), and autophagy is dramatically induced at the uninucleate stages (stage 9-10) throughout the tapetal cells during anther development. The present monitoring system for autophagy offers a powerful tool to analyze the regulation of autophagy in rice tapetal cells during pollen maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Jumpei Sawada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Bunki Toh
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Ono
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Togo Fukunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nonomura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suwa University of Science, 5000-1 Toyohira, Chino, Nagano 391-0292, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-266-73-9826 Fax: +81-266-73-1230
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-4-7122-9404 Fax: +81-4-7123-9767
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30
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Ahmadi B, Ahmadi M, Teixeira da Silva JA. Microspore embryogenesis in Brassica: calcium signaling, epigenetic modification, and programmed cell death. PLANTA 2018; 248:1339-1350. [PMID: 30171331 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress induction followed by excessive calcium influx causes multiple changes in microspores resulting in chromatin remodeling, epigenetic modifications, and removal of unwanted gametophytic components via autophagy, switching microspores towards ME. In Brassica, isolated microspores that are placed under specific external stresses can switch their default developmental pathway towards an embryogenic state. Microspore embryogenesis is a unique system that speeds up breeding programs and, in the context of developmental biology, provides an excellent tool for embryogenesis to be investigated in greater detail. The last few years have provided ample evidence that has allowed Brassica researchers to markedly increase their understanding of the molecular and sub-cellular changes underlying this process. We review recent advances in this field, focusing mainly on the perception to inductive stresses, signal transduction, molecular and structural alterations, and the involvement of programmed cell death at the onset of embryogenic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Ahmadi
- Department of Maize and Forage Crops Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Medya Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Martinez-Garcia M, Schubert V, Osman K, Darbyshire A, Sanchez-Moran E, Franklin FCH. TOPII and chromosome movement help remove interlocks between entangled chromosomes during meiosis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:4070-4079. [PMID: 30266762 PMCID: PMC6279386 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201803019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, unrelated chromosomes frequently become interlocked, and these structures must be removed for complete synapsis and normal chromosome segregation. Martinez-Garcia et al. show that the active removal of interlocks requires topoisomerase II and chromosome movement. During the zygotene stage of meiosis, normal progression of chromosome synapsis and homologous recombination frequently lead to the formation of structural interlocks between entangled chromosomes. The persistence of interlocks through to the first meiotic division can jeopardize normal synapsis and occasionally chromosome segregation. However, they are generally removed by pachytene. It has been postulated that interlock removal requires one or more active processes, possibly involving topoisomerase II (TOPII) and/or chromosome movement. However, experimental evidence has been lacking. Analysis of a hypomorphic topII mutant and a meiosis-specific topII RNAi knockdown of Arabidopsis thaliana using immunocytochemistry and structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has now enabled us to demonstrate a role for TOPII in interlock resolution. Furthermore, analysis using a nucleoporin nup136 mutant, which affects chromosome movement, reveals that although TOPII activity is required for the removal of some interlock structures, for others, chromosome movement is also necessary. Thus, our study demonstrates that at least two mechanisms are required to ensure interlock removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kim Osman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lee CF, Chiang NN, Lu YH, Huang YS, Yang JS, Tsai SC, Lu CC, Chen FA. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) triggers mitochondria-mediated apoptotic machinery in human cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2018; 8:15. [PMID: 30141402 PMCID: PMC6108226 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2018080315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a component of dietary food, possesses a powerful anticancer activity. Previous studies have shown that BITC produces a large number of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases intracellular Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the activation of the apoptotic mechanism in tumor cells. However, there is not much known regarding the inhibitory effect of BITC on cisplatin-resistant oral cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the anticancer effect and molecular mechanism of BITC on human cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cells. Our results demonstrated that BITC significantly reduced cell viability of CAR cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. BITC was found to cause apoptotic cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation by morphologic observation and TUNEL/DAPI staining. Pretreatment of cells with a specific inhibitor of pan-caspase significantly reduced cell death caused by BITC. Colorimetric assay analyses also showed that the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were elevated in BITC-treated CAR cells. An increase in ROS production and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) occurred due to BITC exposure and was observed via flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the protein levels of Bax, Bad, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated, while those of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and pro-caspase-9 were down-regulated in CAR cells after BITC challenge. In sum, the mitochondria-dependent pathway might contribute to BITC-induced apoptosis in human cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Fang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Na Chiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan - Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
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Li Y, Li Q, Hong Q, Lin Y, Mao W, Zhou S. Reactive oxygen species triggering systemic programmed cell death process via elevation of nuclear calcium ion level in tomatoes resisting tobacco mosaic virus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:166-175. [PMID: 29576070 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a positive role in the systemic response of plants to pathogen resistance. It has been confirmed that local tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting tomato leaves can induce systemic PCD process in root-tip tissues. But up to now the underlying physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on the detailed investigation of the physiological responses of root-tip cells during the initiation of systemic PCD. Physiological, biochemical examination and cytological observation showed that 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) of TMV inoculation there was an increase in calcium fluorescence intensity in root tip tissue cells. Then at 2 dpi, 4 dpi, 8 dpi and 15 dpi, the fluorescence intensity of calcium ion continued to increase. However, at 5 dpi, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) began to accumulate in the root-tip cells. And finally at 20 dpi, the obvious PCD reaction was detected. In addition, the experimental results also showed that the above process involved the elevation of two types of intracellular Ca2+, including cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) and nuclear calcium ([Ca2+]nuc). The [Ca2+]cyt, as a pilot signal could lead to the subsequent elevation of intracellular ROS concentration. Then, the high levels of ROS stimulated an increase of [Ca2+]nuc and eventually caused PCD reactions in the root-tip tissues. In particular, the high level of nuclear calcium is an essential mediator in systemic PCD of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hong
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Lin
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Mao
- College of Biology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Suzuki N, Katano K. Coordination Between ROS Regulatory Systems and Other Pathways Under Heat Stress and Pathogen Attack. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:490. [PMID: 29713332 PMCID: PMC5911482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory systems of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be integrated with other pathways involving Ca2+ signaling, protein kinases, hormones and programmed cell death (PCD) pathways to regulate defense mechanisms in plants. Coordination between ROS regulatory systems and other pathways needs to be flexibly modulated to finely tune the mechanisms underlying responses of different types of tissues to heat stress, biotic stresses and their combinations during different growth stages. Especially, modulation of the delicate balance between ROS-scavenging and producing systems in reproductive tissues could be essential, because ROS-dependent PCD is required for the proper fertilization, despite the necessity of ROS scavenging to prevent the damage on cells under heat stress and biotic stresses. In this review, we will update the recent findings associated with coordination between multiple pathways under heat stress, pathogen attack and their combinations. In addition, possible integrations between different signals function in different tissues via ROS-dependent long-distance signals will be proposed.
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Kurusu T, Koyano T, Kitahata N, Kojima M, Hanamata S, Sakakibara H, Kuchitsu K. Autophagy-mediated regulation of phytohormone metabolism during rice anther development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1365211. [PMID: 28873038 PMCID: PMC5640179 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1365211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has recently been shown to be required for postmeiotic anther development including anther dehiscence, programmed cell death-mediated degradation of the tapetum and pollen maturation in rice. Several phytohormones are known to play essential roles during male reproductive development including pollen maturation. However, the relationship between phytohormone metabolism and autophagy in plant reproductive development is unknown. We here comprehensively analyzed the effect of autophagy disruption on phytohormone contents in rice anthers at the flowering stage, and found that endogenous levels of active-forms of gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinin, trans-zeatin, were significantly lower in the autophagy-defective mutant, Osatg7-1, than in the wild type. Treatment with GA4 partially recovered maturation of the mutant pollens, but did not recover the limited anther dehiscence as well as sterility phenotype. These results suggest that autophagy affects metabolism and endogenous levels of GAs and cytokinin in rice anthers. Reduction in bioactive GAs in the autophagy-deficient mutant may partially explain the defects in pollen maturation of the autophagy-deficient mutant, but tapetal autophagy also plays other specific roles in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koyano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kitahata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hanamata
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- CONTACT Dr. Kazuyuki Kuchitsu Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Yamato KT, Kuchitsu K. "Fusion" in fertilization: interdisciplinary collaboration among plant and animal scientists. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:419-421. [PMID: 28396963 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Hikosaka K. Greetings from the new Editor-in-Chief. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:417-418. [PMID: 28389924 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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