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Morcate L, Kedia S, Mascarenhas K, Taldone S, Deshpande AR. Impact of Patient Demographics on Student-Led Patient Navigation Outcomes: A Study of a South Florida Medical School's Patient Navigation Program. South Med J 2024; 117:478-482. [PMID: 39094797 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medical student-run patient navigation (PN) programs enhance healthcare access in underserved communities. This study examines the relationship between patient demographics and PN outcomes in a student-led PN program. METHODS Patients with moderate or high-risk health concerns were paired with medical students at health fairs. Statistical analysis evaluates program success and demographic influences. RESULTS Of 444 patients, 66.4% were female, 47.1% Hispanic White, 49.1% spoke English, and 63.7% earned <300% of the federal poverty level. More than half were uninsured and 52.5% achieved navigation goals. Insurance status and risk level significantly predicted PN outcomes, with "other insurance" and high-risk patients being 1.9 and 1.7 times more likely to complete navigation. CONCLUSIONS The program achieved high completion rates, emphasizing the need for resources such as translators and financial assistance. Risk stratification successfully linked acute cases to resources. Navigation success was consistent, demonstrating the effectiveness of the program across diverse patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Morcate
- From the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Sapna Kedia
- From the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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Tinner EME, Dogan O, Boesing M, Roser K, Michel G, Minder AE, Maier S, Bayha M, Affolter H, Baumgartner C, Meienberg F, Kuehni C, Rössler J, Wertli MM, Leuppi JD. Characteristics and feedback of adult survivors of childhood cancer seen in Swiss comprehensive follow-up clinics led by general internists: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081823. [PMID: 38991689 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In our study, we aimed to characterise adult childhood cancer survivors (ACCS), assess their health issues, gauge health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and evaluate visit satisfaction. DESIGN Prospective cohort study using data from clinical visits and questionnaires. SETTING Interdisciplinary follow-up programme for ACCS based on the long-term follow-up (LTFU) guidelines of the Children's Oncology Group and overseen by internists in two Swiss hospitals. PARTICIPANTS ACCS attending our LTFU clinics between April 2017 and January 2022 were eligible. INTERVENTIONS We documented medical history, current health status and assessed HRQOL using Short Form-36 V.2, comparing it with Swiss general population (SGP) norms (T mean=50, SD=10; age stratified). 3 months post visit, a feedback questionnaire was distributed. MAIN RESULTS Among 102 ACCS (mean age: 32 years (range: 18-62 years), 68% women), 43 had no prior follow-up (36 ACCS>28 years, 7 ACCS≤28 years). A notable 94% had health issues, affecting an average of 6.1 (SD=3.3) organ systems. HRQOL was lower in ACCS>28 years than the SGP>28 years (physical: 44.8 (SD=11.65) vs 49.3 (SD=10.29), p=0.016; mental: 44.4 (SD=13.78) vs 50.53 (SD=9.92), p=0.004). Older ACCS (>28 years) reported inferior physical (44.8 vs 50.1 (SD=9.30), p=0.017) and mental HRQOL (44.4 vs 50.3 (SD=7.20), p=0.009) than younger ACCS. The majority of respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with the consultation, exceeding 90%. CONCLUSION ACCS attending LTFU clinics face diverse health issues impacting multiple organ systems and exhibit lower HRQOL compared with the SGP. Thus, internist-led LTFU clinics are crucial for optimising follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Eugenia Tinner
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital-University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oezcan Dogan
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Maria Boesing
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Elisabeth Minder
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Porphyria, Municipal Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Maier
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Marinela Bayha
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital-University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helene Affolter
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabian Meienberg
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kuehni
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital-University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria M Wertli
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Leuppi
- University Institute of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
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Bonnet F, Klüsener S, Meslé F, Mühlichen M, Grigoriev P. An innovative visual approach to the simultaneous study of two dimensions of progress in longevity: an application to French and German regions. Popul Health Metr 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38872218 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-024-00332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both enhancing life expectancy and decreasing inequalities in lifespan between social groups are significant goals for public policy. To date, however, methodological tools to study progress in both dimensions simultaneously have been lacking. There is also a consensus that absolute and relative inequalities in lifespan must be studied together. METHODS We introduce a novel graphical representation that combines national mortality rates with both absolute and relative measures of social inequality in mortality. To illustrate our approach, we analyze French and German data stratified by place of residence. RESULTS For all-age mortality, in France we find a steady pace of decline in both mortality and in regional inequalities in mortality over recent decades. In Germany, substantial progress was made in the 1990s, mostly driven by convergence between eastern and western Germany, followed by a period of slower progress. Age-specific analyses for Germany reveal a worrying divergence in regional trends at ages 35-74 in recent years, which is particularly pronounced among women. CONCLUSION Our novel visual approach offers a way to simultaneously examine two dimensions of progress in longevity, and facilitates meaningful comparisons between populations, even when their current mortality rates differ. The applied methods can be easily reproduced in any country for which long-term mortality series stratified by region, or any relevant socioeconomic characteristic, are available. It is useful for both scientific analysis and policy advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bonnet
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), cours des Humanités, Aubervilliers, 93300, France.
| | - Sebastian Klüsener
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
- University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Vytautas Magnus University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - France Meslé
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), cours des Humanités, Aubervilliers, 93300, France
| | | | - Pavel Grigoriev
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
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Silva SLAD, Brito GEGD, Ygnatios NTM, Mambrini JVDM, Lima-Costa MF, Torres JL. [Differences between men and women in the prevalence of frailty and associated factors among older adults: evidence from ELSI-Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00144923. [PMID: 38656069 PMCID: PMC11034629 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt144923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on a national representative sample of the population aged 50 years or older, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty among men and women, identify associated sociodemographic and health factors, and estimate the population attributable fraction. Data from the second wave (2019-2021) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) were used. Frailty was classified based on the number of positive items among unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low level of physical activity, slow gait, and weakness. The main analyses were based on multinomial logistic regression stratified by sex. The prevalence of frailty was lower in men (8.6%; 95%CI: 6.9; 10.7) than in women (11.9%; 95%CI: 9.6; 14.8), with the most frequent item being the low level of physical activity in both. Age and schooling level were the sociodemographic factors associated with pre-frailty and fragility among men and women. The population attributable fraction was different for frailty between genders. In men, the highest population attributable fraction was due to not having a partner (23.5%; 95%CI: 7.7; 39.2) and low schooling level (18.2%; 95%CI: 6.6; 29,7). In women, higher population attributable fraction values were due to memory deficit (17.1%; 95%CI: 7.6; 26.6), vision deficit (13.4%; 95%CI: 5.1; 21.7), and diabetes mellitus (11.4%; 95%CI: 4.6; 18,1). Similar population attributable fraction levels were observed for heart disease (8.9%; 95%CI: 3.8; 14.1 in women and 8.8%; 95%CI: 2.0; 15.6 in men). Strategies aimed at physical activity have the potential to prevent frailty in both men and women, and the prevention of chronic conditions is more important in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nair Tavares Milhem Ygnatios
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Cannovo N, Bianchini E, Gironacci L, Garbati E, Di Prospero F, Cingolani M, Scendoni R, Fedeli P. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Cross Section of Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:501. [PMID: 38673412 PMCID: PMC11050350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be caused by a number of microorganisms that vary greatly in size, life cycle, clinical manifestations, and sensitivity to available treatments. Transmission of STIs can occur during unprotected (or condomless) sexual contact and through the exchange of body fluids during any type of activity. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases remains high in the world, despite diagnostic and therapeutic improvements for these infectious diseases that rapidly eliminate the contagiousness of patients. Our study determines the prevalence of STI pathogens in adolescents and young adults in the population of the Province of Macerata (Italy). We will analyze data in correspondence to age and gender, and we will compare our results to international studies. MATERIALS AND METHOD We analyzed STI test results from the entire database of a Provincial Health Authority for the period 2021-2022. The samples came from the following age groups: 0-12, 13-18, 19-25, and 26-35 from 2021 to 2022. The results came from vaginal and cervical swabs (for females); urethral, rectal, and pharyngeal swabs (for males and females); and seminal fluid (for males) for the following infections: HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasmas, Gardnerella, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum. The results also came from blood tests for HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and Treponema pallidum (TPHA, VDRL). In addition, we examined results from urine tests for chlamydia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas, and Treponema pallidum. CONCLUSIONS The literature for other countries reports the need for comprehensive, culturally and developmentally sensitive care to address sexuality-related issues in adolescents and young adults, a need that also applies to Italy. These data will be of great importance in adopting evidence-based STI control programs in Marche Region. This study could, indeed, represent a landmark for public health officials and professionals, with the aim of promoting adolescents' access to sexual health services to receive useful information, strengthening preventive measures in younger age groups, and designing sexual education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Cannovo
- Legal Medicine Unit, Local Health Authority (AST) 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Elena Bianchini
- Clinical Governance and Risk Unit, Macerata Hospital, Local Health Authority (AST) 3, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Luciana Gironacci
- Analysis Laboratory Unit, Local Health Authority (AST) 3, 62012 Civitanova Marche, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Garbati
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Local Health Authority (AST) 3, 62012 Civitanova Marche, Italy; (E.G.); (F.D.P.)
| | - Filiberto Di Prospero
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Civitanova Marche Hospital, Local Health Authority (AST) 3, 62012 Civitanova Marche, Italy; (E.G.); (F.D.P.)
| | - Mariano Cingolani
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Piergiorgio Fedeli
- School of Law, Legal Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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do Nascimento Freitas DW, Dibai-Filho AV, Pontes-Silva A, Araujo GGC, de Oliveira AR, da Cunha Leal P, Gabel CP, Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes CA, Cabido CET. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the 10-item spine functional index (SFI-10) in the Brazilians with musculoskeletal spine disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:266. [PMID: 38575902 PMCID: PMC10996142 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Spine Functional Index (SFI) into Brazilian Portuguese (SFI-Br) in individuals with musculoskeletal spine disorders. METHODS Participants (n=194) answered the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for General Pain (RMDQ-g), and SFI-25 incorporating the SFI-10. Structural validity, from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), used comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and chi-square/degrees of freedom (DF). The best structure was considered from the lower values of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Construct and criterion validity used Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho). Internal consistency used Cronbach's alpha, reliability used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), with ceiling and floor effects determined. Error used the standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change, 90% level (MDC90). RESULTS Adequate fit indices demonstrated an unequivocal one-factor structure only for the SFI-10 (chi-square/DF <3.00, CFI and TLI >0.90, RMSEA <0.08). The SFI-10-Br correlation was high with the SFI-Br (rho=0.914, p<0.001), moderate for the RMDQ-g (rho=-0.78), SF-36 functional capacity domain (rho=0.718) and NPRS (rho=-0.526); and adequate for the remaining SF-36 domains (rho>0.30). Test-retest reliability (ICC2,1=0.826) and internal consistency (alpha=0.864) were high. No ceiling or floor effects were observed, and error was satisfactory (SEM=9.08%, MDC90=25.15%). CONCLUSION The SFI Brazilian version was successfully produced with the 10-item version showing an unequivocal one-factor structure, high construct and criterion validity, reliability, internal consistency, and satisfactory error. Further research on responsiveness is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Plinio da Cunha Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Jo H, Baek EM. The sound of safety: exploring the determinants of prevention intention in noisy industrial workplaces. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38178066 PMCID: PMC10768458 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational noise exposure is a pervasive issue in many industries, leading to a range of health issues and sleep disturbances among workers. Additionally, there is a strong desire among these workers to prevent industrial accidents. This study, aimed at enhancing worker health and well-being, utilized a survey distributed by the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions to field workers. Data from 1285 workers were collected and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to identify and understand the factors affecting prevention intention in noisy work environments. Our findings indicate that health problems resulting from occupational noise exposure significantly influence insomnia, perceived severity of potential accidents, perceived benefits of preventive measures, and perceived barriers. Perceived severity was significantly correlated with prevention intention, emphasizing the role of risk perception in motivating preventive behaviors. Perceived benefits were also significantly associated with prevention intention, highlighting the importance of positive outcomes in influencing workers' behaviors. Additionally, perceived barriers showed a significant relationship with prevention intention, suggesting that overcoming these barriers is crucial in promoting preventive behaviors. Demographic factors such as gender displayed a significant association with prevention intention, while age did not. This study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted factors influencing workers' intention to prevent industrial accidents in noisy environments, underlining the importance of comprehensive data collection tools in understanding these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jo
- Headquarters, HJ Institute of Technology and Management, 71 Jungdong-ro 39, 14721, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Graf J, Simoes E, Kranz A, Weinert K, Abele H. The Importance of Gender-Sensitive Health Care in the Context of Pain, Emergency and Vaccination: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:13. [PMID: 38276801 PMCID: PMC10815689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
So far, health care has been insufficiently organized in a gender-sensitive way, which makes the promotion of care that meets the needs of women and men equally emerge as a relevant public health problem. The aim of this narrative review was to outline the need for more gender-sensitive medical care in the context of pain, emergency care and vaccinations. In this narrative review, a selective search was performed in Pubmed, and the databases of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Institute for Gender Equality and the German Federal Ministry of Health were searched. Study data indicate that there are differences between men and women with regard to the ability to bear pain. On the other hand, socially constructed role expectations in pain and the communication of these are also relevant. Studies indicate that women receive adequate pain medication less often than men with a comparable pain score. Furthermore, study results indicate that the female gender is associated with an increased risk of inadequate emergency care. In terms of vaccine provision, women are less likely than men to utilize or gain access to vaccination services, and there are gender-sensitive differences in vaccine efficacy and safety. Sensitization in teaching, research and care is needed to mitigate gender-specific health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Graf
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Simoes
- Department for Women’s Health, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Angela Kranz
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
| | - Konstanze Weinert
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
| | - Harald Abele
- Institute for Health Sciences, University Hospital Tuebingen, Midwifery Science, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.K.); (K.W.); (H.A.)
- Department for Women’s Health, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Link E, Baumann E, Aluttis C. [A gendered perspective of information behaviors, its drivers, and barriers : Results of an online survey of a sample stratified for the German population]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:1153-1162. [PMID: 37668610 PMCID: PMC10539188 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gender perspective is an essential level of effective health communication approaches. Against the background of the gender perspective as an essential level of effective health communication approaches, we focus on health-related information behaviors. Complementary to information seeking, information avoidance is included. Both forms of information behavior are described in gender-specific ways, and their predictors are identified using a resource-centered approach covering the individual's health, empowerment, involvement, and social support. METHOD An online survey of a sample stratified for the German population (N = 3000) was conducted. The two modes of information behavior as well as their theoretically derived predictors were assessed. In addition to descriptive analyses, blockwise regression analyses were used to identify gender-specific predictors of information seeking and avoidance. RESULTS Information seeking occurs more frequently than information avoidance. Both differ only slightly between men and women and showed the strongest correlations with the respondents' involvement. For information seeking, coping resources are also a significant predictor, while information avoidance is associated with psychological well-being and social support. Similar patterns of association emerge across genders. CONCLUSION Across genders, it is evident that health communication measures should strengthen the involvement of the population and their coping resources to promote information seeking and counteract information avoidance. Additionally, the findings revealed that avoiders should be more focused as one of the main target groups of health communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Link
- Institut für Publizistik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55128, Mainz, Deutschland.
| | - Eva Baumann
- Institut für Journalistik und Kommunikationsforschung, Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Aluttis
- Referat Q6 - Erwachsene, Ältere, Frauen- und Männergesundheit, Chancengleichheit, Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung, Köln, Deutschland
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de Arruda JAA, Silva LVDO, Kato CDNADO, Pinheiro JDJV, Abreu LG, Silva TA, Ferreira MVL, Souza LN, Mesquita RA. Management of oral leukoplakia with an 808-nm high-power diode laser: a single-center experience. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:141. [PMID: 37335418 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-power diode laser emerges as a promising approach to the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL); however, its short- and long-term effects have been barely explored. This study evaluated the postoperative endpoints and the recurrence rate of high-power diode laser treatment in a well-defined series of patients with OL. METHODS A prospective analysis was performed on 22 individuals comprising 31 OL. The lesions were irradiated using the following protocol: Indium-Gallium-Arsenide diode laser, 808 nm, continuous-wave mode, 1.5-2.0 W, 780.0 ± 225.1 J, and 477.1 ± 131.8 s. Postoperative pain was assessed with a visual analog scale at three endpoints. Clinical follow-up was performed on all patients and the Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze the probability of recurrence. RESULTS The series consisted mostly of women (72.7%) with a mean age of 62.8 years. A single laser session was performed in 77.4% of cases. The median score on the scale that assessed pain on the 1st, 14th and 42nd postoperative day was 4, 1, and 0, respectively. The mean follow-up period per lesion was 28.6 months (range: 2-53 months). A complete response was observed in 93.5% of OL cases, while 6.5% had recurrence. The probability of recurrence at 39 months was 6.7%. No patient experienced malignant transformation. CONCLUSION High-power diode laser for the treatment of OL is safe and effective during the trans- and postoperative period. These findings represent an alternative approach to the management of OL, mainly because a low recurrence rate was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D.Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leni Verônica de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D.Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila de Nazaré Alves de Oliveira Kato
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D.Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D.Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Lucas Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Napier Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D.Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D.Belo Horizonte, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
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11
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Mühlichen M, Lerch M, Sauerberg M, Grigoriev P. Different health systems - Different mortality outcomes? Regional disparities in avoidable mortality across German-speaking Europe, 1992-2019. Soc Sci Med 2023; 329:115976. [PMID: 37356189 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating the impact of health systems on premature mortality across different countries is a very challenging task, as it is hardly possible to disentangle it from the influence of contextual factors such as cultural differences. In this respect, the German-speaking area in Central Europe (Austria, Germany, South Tyrol and large parts of Switzerland) represents a unique 'natural experiment' setting: While being exposed to different health policies, they share a similar culture and language. METHODS To assess the impact of different health systems on mortality differentials across the German-speaking area, we relied on the concept of avoidable mortality. Based on official mortality statistics, we aggregated causes of death below age 75 that are either 1) amenable to health care or 2) avoidable through primary prevention. We calculated standardised death rates and constructed cause-deleted life tables for 9 Austrian, 96 German, 1 Italian and 5 Swiss regions from 1992 to 2019, harmonised according to the current territorial borders. RESULTS There are strong north-south and east-west gradients in amenable and preventable mortality across the studied regions to the advantage of the southwest. However, the Swiss regions still show significantly lower mortality levels than the neighbouring regions in southern Germany. Eliminating avoidable deaths from the life tables reduces spatial inequality in life expectancy in 2017/2019 by 30% for men and 28% for women. CONCLUSIONS The efficiency of health policies in assuring timely and adequate health care and in preventing risk-relevant behaviour has room for improvement in all German regions, especially in the north, west and east, and in eastern Austria as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mühlichen
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BIB), Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, 65185, Wiesbaden, Germany.
| | - Mathias Lerch
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Sauerberg
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BIB), Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, 65185, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Pavel Grigoriev
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BIB), Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, 65185, Wiesbaden, Germany
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12
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Wu JH, Robinson S, Tsemg JS, Hsu YP, Hsieh MC, Chen YC. Digital and physical factors influencing an individual's preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: A perspective based on the S-O-R model. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 139:107525. [PMID: 36268219 PMCID: PMC9557089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused considerable stress to individuals and communities. Daily press briefings on public health during the COVID-19 pandemic have increased individuals' feelings of social pressure. Abrupt changes to a person's immediate environment, such as the changes caused by COVID-19, can substantially affect their mental health and cognitive adjustment. On the basis of the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, we examined the effects of digital and physical stimuli related to COVID-19 in Taiwan on individuals' psychological states and preventive behavior, including social distancing and personal hygiene. The data obtained from 498 valid survey questionnaires indicated that digital and physical factors including informativeness, social pressure, and severity exerted direct effects on cognitive assimilation and anxiety, which in turn affected individuals' preventive behavior. Moreover, cognitive assimilation and anxiety had significant mediating effects on the relationships of informativeness, social pressure, and severity with individuals' preventive behavior. The results of this study indicate how digital and physical stimulus factors affect cognitive assimilation and anxiety, which influence preventive behavior during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Her Wu
- Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan Interdisciplinary Center for Innovative Technologies, Advisory Board Member, E-Da Healthcare Group, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Simon Robinson
- Department of English, Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, 900 Minzu 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Tsemg
- Department of Information Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsu
- Department of Information Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Hsieh
- Department of Information Science and Management Systems, National Taitung University, 369, Section 2, University Road, Taitung, 950, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Information Science and Management Systems, National Taitung University, 369, Section 2, University Road, Taitung, 950, Taiwan
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Jordan S, Kuhnert R, Schmid-Küpke NK, Starker A. Participation of the adult population in preventive measures for non-communicable diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/2021. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2022; 7:36-53. [PMID: 36654687 PMCID: PMC9838133 DOI: 10.25646/10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In 2020/2021, the COVID-19 pandemic and the protective measures associated therewith severely limited the opportunity to participate in prevention and health promotion measures. The article examines the utilisation of the measures and possible factors that are associated with a lower participation during these pandemic years. Methods It is based on data acquired between March and August 2021 from the study 'COVID-19 vaccination rate monitoring in Germany' (COVIMO), a cross-sectional telephone survey. The data was used to examine the participation in preventive measures in the last 12 months in terms of sociodemographic factors and to analyse a decreased participation with regard to pandemic-related factors. The analysis sample includes individuals aged 18 years and over (n=3,998). Results 63% of participants generally did not use these programmes, 7% indicated an unchanged participation, 28% reported having participated in fewer measures, and 2% in more measures. Men reported significantly more often than women that they generally do not participate in prevention and health promotion measures. A relevant pandemic-related factor for decreased participation of men was the less clearly perceived comprehensibility of the regulations against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Prevention and health promotion should be part of the contingency planning in epidemically significant situations to prevent a decreased participation and to promote health and gender-related equal opportunities even in a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jordan
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring,Corresponding author Dr Susanne Jordan, Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, General-Pape-Str. 62–66, 12101 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | | | - Anne Starker
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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14
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Xue B, Wu Y, Zheng X, Xue Y, Dong F, Xiao S, Yin M, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhang C. Effects of information sources on public preventive behaviors in health emergencies: Evidence from a digital epidemiologic study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:981649. [PMID: 36311572 PMCID: PMC9615916 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.981649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been approved that information sources would affect public behaviors. However, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, this influence was enhanced and showed a distinctive pattern among different populations, which has been less noticed before. We aimed to investigate the potential roles of different information sources in COVID-19 preventive behaviors of different publics. Methods A cross-sectional online survey with 11,190 participants from 33 province-level regions in China was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 preventive behaviors, and information sources for COVID-19-related information were assessed. A mixed linear model was used to analyze risk factors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The effects of different information sources on COVID-19 prevention behaviors of different publics were analyzed. Results Generally, the Chinese public had good COVID-19 preventive behaviors, and the top three COVID-19 preventive behaviors with the higher action rate were avoiding eat bushmeat (76.1%), a healthy diet (74.8%), and avoiding contact with people with symptoms of respiratory diseases (73.0%). About information sources, 12320 telephone (National Public Health Hotline) (-0.62, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.31) and acquaintances consulting (-1.00, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.69) were negatively associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors, while internet resources, family doctors, hospitals, and community health centers were positively associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (1.00 vs. 0.47 vs. 0.46 vs. 0.33, P < 0.05). For older adults, accessing to COVID-19-related information through family doctors and community health centers were positively associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. For the non-educated, family doctors and community health centers had positive effects on their COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Family doctors and internet resources were positively associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors among those earning 5,000 yuans and above. The effects of family doctors, hospitals, and internet resources were higher for COVID-19 preventive behaviors of urban publics than for rural publics. Finally, the effect of internet resources on COVID-19 preventive behaviors of females was lower than males. Conclusions Obtaining COVID-19-related information through internet resources had the most significant effect on COVID-19 preventive behaviors, but was not significant among publics with old age, low education, low income, and living in rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benli Xue
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Health Management, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqing Xue
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Xiao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yin
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China,Health Culture Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Yuxi Liu
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Health Management, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China,Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chichen Zhang
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Vigezzi GP, Bertuccio P, Amerio A, Bosetti C, Gori D, Cavalieri d’Oro L, Iacoviello L, Stuckler D, Zucchi A, Gallus S, Odone A, Investigators LILP. Older Adults' Access to Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the LOckdown and LifeSTyles (LOST) in Lombardia Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811271. [PMID: 36141544 PMCID: PMC9565221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally affected older people in terms of clinical outcomes and care provision. We aimed to investigate older adults' changes in access to care during the pandemic and their determinants. We used data from a cross-sectional study (LOST in Lombardia) conducted in autumn 2020 on a representative sample of 4400 older adults from the most populated region in Italy. Lifestyles, mental health, and access to healthcare services before and during the pandemic were collected. To identify factors associated with care delays, reduction in emergency department (ED) access, and hospitalisations, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable log-binomial regression models. During the pandemic, compared to the year before, 21.5% of the study population increased telephone contacts with the general practitioner (GP) and 9.6% increased self-pay visits, while 22.4% decreased GP visits, 12.3% decreased outpatient visits, 9.1% decreased diagnostic exams, 7.5% decreased ED access, and 6% decreased hospitalisations. The prevalence of care delays due to patient's decision (overall 23.8%) was higher among men (PR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.29), subjects aged 75 years or more (PR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.25), and those with a higher economic status (p for trend < 0.001). Participants with comorbidities more frequently cancelled visits and reduced ED access or hospitalisations, while individuals with worsened mental health status reported a higher prevalence of care delays and ED access reductions. Access to care decreased in selected sub-groups of older adults during the pandemic with likely negative impacts on mortality and morbidity in the short and long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Collegio Ca’ della Paglia, Fondazione Ghislieri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16124 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - David Stuckler
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zucchi
- Epidemiology Unit, Bergamo Health Protection Agency, 24121 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Lopes P, Gomes J, Cunha MV. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of municipal veterinary practitioners towards echinococcosis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 34:100759. [PMID: 36041795 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are among the most relevant zoonoses in Europe. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato causing CE is the most significant foodborne parasite in South-Western Europe, followed by Echinococcus multilocularis, the etiological agent of AE. Among the challenges and opportunities highlighted in the literature to combat these diseases are the need to evaluate and increase awareness of stakeholders. In Portugal, Municipal Veterinary Practitioners (MVP) are the animal health authority at the municipality level, playing a crucial role in diagnosis, prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals, helping to mitigate transmission to humans. However, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards CE, as well as awareness of AE expansion across Europe, remain overlooked. In this work, a cross-sectional study was conducted for the first time in Portugal to bridge knowledge gaps concerning CE and AE, using an online self-administered questionnaire collecting information on the municipal kennel, KAP towards CE, and understanding of AE epidemiology. Eighty-three MVP from mainland and islands completed the questionnaire, with highest representability from the central-northern region. MVP had, on average, a medium to high level of knowledge of CE but acquaintance with AE was insufficient, although echinococcosis was frequently mentioned as target of health education sessions (77.0%). A high rate (60%) of reported entries into municipal kennels of stray dogs originating from countries with AE endemic areas was registered, suggesting that the presence of these potentially AE-infected stray dogs pose public health risks. Most kennels did not perform routine coprological analysis or faecal matter disinfection after dog internal deworming. The lack of proper training and well-conceived written plans of infection control and prevention were evidenced in several kennels. Altogether, our findings highlight the need to update knowledge and practice of MVP under the One Health approach, through reinforced education, training and communication involving all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lopes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Kirsch F, Lindemann AK, Geppert J, Borzekowski D, Lohmann M, Böl GF. Personal Protective Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 121:177-183. [PMID: 35597554 PMCID: PMC9113954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and can only be contained if the majority of the population takes measures to protect themselves against infection. The present study aimed to investigate personal protective measures, their development over the course of the pandemic in Germany, and potential differences in behavior in terms of sex, age, and education. METHODS Data from 20 waves of the serial cross-sectional study "BfR-Corona-Monitor" were analyzed. The total sample consisted of N = 20,317 respondents (about 1000 per wave). Data were collected through telephone surveys between June 2020 and March 2021. RESULTS To protect themselves from infection, participants primarily relied on wearing covers for mouth and nose, keeping their distance from other individuals, and washing their hands thoroughly. Analyses over time showed a strong positive correlation between the number of measures taken and the national incidence rate. Sociodemographic differences also emerged, with women and those who are higher educated as well as younger respondents taking a higher number of protective measures. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that in times of greater infection risks, individuals adapted accordingly and took more protective measures. However, on the basis of sociodemographic differences, campaigns should especially focus on older individuals, the male sex, and those with lower education to enhance their protective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kirsch
- Corresponding authors. Postal address: Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Solianik R, Schwieler L, Trepci A, Erhardt S, Brazaitis M. Two-day fasting affects kynurenine pathway with additional modulation of short-term whole-body cooling: a quasi-randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-8. [PMID: 35791050 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation have attracted interest as potential pathophysiological mediators and future diagnostic biomarkers. A greater knowledge of the pathological implications of the metabolites is associated with a need for a better understanding of how the normal behaviour and physiological activities impact their concentrations. This study aimed to investigate whether fasting (FAST) and whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI) affect KYN pathway metabolites. Thirteen young women were randomly assigned to receive the 2-d FAST with two 10-min CWI on separate days (FAST-CWI), 2-d FAST without CWI (FAST-CON), 2-d two CWI on separate days without FAST (CON-CWI) or the 2-d usual diet without CWI (CON-CON) in a randomised crossover fashion. Changes in plasma concentrations of TRP, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK), picolinic acid (PIC), quinolinic acid (QUIN) and nicotinamide (NAA) were determined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. FAST-CWI and FAST-CON lowered TRP concentration (P < 0·05, ηp2 = 0·24), and increased concentrations of KYNA, 3-HK and PIC (P < 0·05, ηp2 = 0·21-0·71) with no additional effects of CWI. The ratio of PIC/QUIN increased after FAST-CWI and FAST-CON trials (P < 0·05) but with a blunted effect in the FAST-CWI trial (P < 0·05) compared with the FAST-CON trials (ηp2 = 0·67). Concentrations of QUIN and NAA were unaltered. This study demonstrated that fasting for 2 d considerably impacts the concentration of several metabolites in the KYN pathway. This should be considered when discussing the potential of KYN pathway metabolites as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Trepci
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Pénzes M, Joó T, Urbán R. Perceived harm of heated tobacco products, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy compared with conventional cigarettes among ever and current heated tobacco users. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100432. [PMID: 35600227 PMCID: PMC9121183 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hungarian HTP users similarly perceive the harm of HTPs and NRT. Compared to CCs, HTP users perceive HTPs less harmful than of e-cigarettes. Current and exclusive HTP users more likely perceive HTPs as less harmful than CCs. HTP users have distorted harm perceptions of nicotine products.
Aims There is limited knowledge on how ever and current heated tobacco product (HTP) users perceive the relative harm of various nicotine-containing products. The aim of this study was to explore relative harm perceptions of HTPs, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) relative to conventional cigarettes (CCs) among ever versus current HTP users, and exclusive (who use only a HTP) versus dual/poly-users (concurrent users of HTP and CCs and/or e-cigarettes). Methods Data came from 1423 ever or current Hungarian adult HTP users who participated in a cross-sectional web-based survey in 2020. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between relative harm perceptions, HTP use patterns, past tobacco use, HTP dependence, and socio-demographic variables. Results 81.2% of the sample was current HTP users, of them 78.4% were exclusive HTP users. Compared to CCs, 86.2% of the sample perceived HTP to be less harmful, with current and exclusive HTP users endorsing more this belief, followed by NRT (79.8%), and e-cigarettes (45.2%). In general, neither socio-demographic variables nor past tobacco use, HTP use pattern, and HTP dependence were related to perceived harmfulness across the tested products. However, there was a specific pattern for each tested product with a set of explanatory variables. Conclusions Ever/current HTP users presented misperceptions about the harms of HTPs, e-cigarettes, and NRT. They underestimated the potential health benefits of NRT and had distorted harm perceptions about HTPs and e-cigarettes. Public education about the relative harms of different nicotine and tobacco products is urgently needed.
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Covolo L, Guana M, Bonaccorsi G, Brunelli L, Castaldi S, De Donno A, Mereu A, Verani M, Gelatti U. Exploring the Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior in a Sample of Italian Women: The "SEI Donna" Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4745. [PMID: 35457610 PMCID: PMC9024845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is much discussion about the skills of people in understanding and managing online health information. The Italian survey “SEI Donna” aimed to investigate perceptions and use of the web in women regarding health issues considering their health literacy (HL) and healthcare skills. We used an online questionnaire to explore different aspects of online health-related information-seeking behavior. The study participants (n = 7027) were categorized into healthcare workers (HW), healthcare students (HS), and non-healthcare women (non-HW). Half the sample (52%) searched online for a second opinion after the medical examination without statistical difference among HW, HS, and non-HW. Women in the age range of 26−40 years (OR = 1.28, p < 0.001), having chronic illness (OR = 1.48; p < 0.001), and being moderately (OR = 1.58; p < 0.001) or not satisfied (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001) with healthcare professionals were more likely to use the Internet to seek medical insight. Overall, 34% of women had a functional HL, the same being higher in HW (64%) and in HS (43%) than the rest of the women (18%) (p < 0.0001). The suboptimal HL suggests the need to improve HL in the general population to be skilled in surfing the web and, at the same time, to reorganize health training to improve the HL of healthcare professionals, also enriching their communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Covolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Miriam Guana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, School of Midwifery, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | | | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Quality and Accreditation Unit, Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Trust, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Silvana Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda OMP Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Mereu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Marco Verani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
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Comparing actuarial and subjective healthy life expectancy estimates: A cross-sectional survey among the general population in Hungary. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264708. [PMID: 35271611 PMCID: PMC8912206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is becoming an important indicator of population health. While actuarial estimates of HLE are frequently studied, there is scarcity of research on the subjective expectations of people about their HLE. The objective of this study is to compare actuarial and subjective HLE (sHLE) estimates in the ≥50-year-old Hungarian general population. Furthermore, we assessed subjective life expectancy (sLE) and explored determinants of the individual variance of sHLE and sLE. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 2019. Subjective health expectations were measured at 60, 70, 80 and 90 years of age via the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI). Point-estimates of sLE and background variables were also recorded. sHLE was estimated from GALI and sLE responses. Actuarial estimates of life expectancy (LE) and HLE for 2019 were provided by the Central Statistical Office of Hungary. Results Five hundred and four respondents (female 51.6%) were included. Mean (±SD) age was 63 (±7.5) years. Median LE (81.5 years, 95%CI 81.1–81.7) and sLE (82 years, 95%CI 80–85) were similar (p = 0.142), while median sHLE (66.8 years, 95%CI 65.5–68.3) was lower than HLE (72.7 years, 95%CI 82.4–82.9) by 5.9 years (p<0.001). Despite the greater median actuarial LE of women compared to men (p<0.001), we found no gender differences between the median sLE (p = 0.930), HLE (p = 0.417) and sHLE (p = 0.403) values. With less apparent gender differences among the predictors when compared to sLE, sHLE was mainly determined by self-perceived health, age and place of residence, while self-perceived health, close relatives’ longevity, social conditions, happiness and perceived lifestyle influenced sLE. Conclusions Along subjective life expectancy, subjective healthy life expectancy may be a feasible indicator and provide insights to individuals’ subjective expectations underlying the demographic estimates of the healthy life expectancy of the population.
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Tiguman GMB, Silva MT, Galvão TF. Health services utilization in the Brazilian Amazon: panel of two cross-sectional studies. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:2. [PMID: 35239925 PMCID: PMC8849293 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of health services among adults living in Manaus, Amazonas. METHODS This was a panel of two cross-sectional studies conducted in Manaus in 2015 and 2019. Individuals aged ≥ 18 years were selected by probabilistic sampling and interviewed at home. The study outcomes were doctor visits and hospitalizations in the previous 12 months, and unmet surgical needs. Variations between 2015 and 2019 were tested using chi-squared goodness-of-fit test. Poisson regression with robust variance was employed to calculate the prevalence ratios (PR) of the outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The surveys included 5,800 participants in total. Visits to the doctor decreased from 2015 (78.7%) to 2019 (76.3%; p < 0.001), hospital admissions increased from 2015 (7.9%) to 2019 (11.5%; p < 0.001), and unmet surgical needs decreased in the period (15.9% to 12.1%; p < 0.001). These variations were particularly observed in vulnerable individuals – sicker; poorer; non-whites; and those belonging to lower social classes, with less access to education, formal jobs, and health insurance (p < 0.05). Doctor visits were higher in people with fair health status (PR = 1.09; 95%CI 1.06–1.12), health insurance (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.09–1.17), and chronic diseases (p < 0.001) but lower in men (PR = 0.87; 95%CI 0.84–0.90) and informal workers (PR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.84–0.94). Hospitalizations were higher in people with worse health statuses (p < 0.001), without partners (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.05–1.53), and with multimorbidity (PR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.33–2.12) but lower in men (PR = 0.55; 95%CI 0.44–0.68), older adults (p < 0.001), informal workers (PR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.51–0.89), and unemployed (PR = 0.72; 95%CI 0.53–0.97). Unmet surgical needs were higher in older adults (p < 0.001), middle-class people (PR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.01–1.55), worse health statuses (p < 0.001), and chronic diseases (p < 0.001) but lower in men (PR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.65–0.86). CONCLUSIONS From 2015 to 2019, less people visited the doctor, more were admitted to hospitals, and less were in need of surgery or aware of that need, potentially indicating poorer access to health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Tolentino Silva
- Universidade de Sorocaba. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Taís Freire Galvão
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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de Ternay J, Leblanc P, Michel P, Benyamina A, Naassila M, Rolland B. One-month alcohol abstinence national campaigns: a scoping review of the harm reduction benefits. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:24. [PMID: 35246148 PMCID: PMC8895623 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, one-month alcohol abstinence campaigns (OMACs) have been implemented within the general population in an increasing number of countries. We identified the published studies reporting data on OMACs to explore the following aspects: profile of participants, rates and factors associated with the completion of the abstinence challenge, and outcomes and harm reduction benefits in participating in the challenges. We screened 322 records, including those found in the grey literature, and reviewed 6 studies and 7 Dry July Annual Reports. Compared to non-participating alcohol users, participants were more likely to be female, have a higher income, and a higher level of education. They were heavier drinkers and were more concerned by the consequences of alcohol on health and by their health in general. Participants who achieved the one-month abstinence challenge were lower drinkers and more likely to have registered on the campaign-related Internet communities. Both successful and unsuccessful participants frequently reported health benefits, including sleep improvement and weight loss. Successful participants were more likely to durably change their alcohol drinking habits. Overall, OMACs provide short- or mid-term harm reduction benefits for both successful and unsuccessful participants. Findings were limited by the paucity of studies, their observational nature, and heterogeneity in the features of the different national campaigns, which would probably gain in enhanced internationalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia de Ternay
- Service d'Addictologie, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5, Place d'Arsonval, Pavillon K, 69003, Lyon, France.
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Michel
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Hôpital Paul Brousse, AHPH, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions (PSYCOMADD), APHP, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP), INSERM U1247, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service d'Addictologie, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5, Place d'Arsonval, Pavillon K, 69003, Lyon, France.,Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), CH Le Vinatier, Bron, France.,CRNL PSYR2, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
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Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Arab Dental Students: Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study and Literature Analysis 2000-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031658. [PMID: 35162682 PMCID: PMC8835654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dental students are the future leaders of oral health in their respective communities; therefore, their oral health-related attitudes and behaviours are of practical value for primary disease prevention. The present study aimed to evaluate oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of dental students in Arab countries and explore the potential sociodemographic predictors of their oral health outcomes. A multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2019/2020 in three Arab countries: Lebanon, Syria, and Tunisia. The study used a validated Arabic version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) composed of original twenty items that assess the level of oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, and four additional dichotomous items related to tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, problematic internet use, and regular dental check-up The HU-DBI score ranges between 0 and 12. A total of 1430 students took part in this study, out of which 60.8% were females, 57.8% were enrolled in clinical years, 24.5% were tobacco smokers, 7.2% were alcohol drinkers, and 87% reported internet addiction. The mean HU-DBI score was 6.31 ± 1.84, with Lebanon having the highest score (6.67 ± 1.83), followed by Syria (6.38 ± 1.83) and Tunisia (6.05 ± 1.83). Clinical students (6.78 ± 1.70) had higher HU-DBI scores than their preclinical peers (5.97 ± 1.86). The year-over-year analysis revealed that dental public health and preventive dentistry courses had significantly and positively impacted the undergraduate students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. The gender-based differences were not statistically significant, with a modest trend favouring males, especially oral health behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and problematic internet use were associated with lower HU-DBI scores. In the Arab world, the economic rank of the country where the dental students live/study was weakly correlated with the students’ mean HU-DBI score.
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Stewart-Knox BJ, Poínhos R, Fischer ARH, Chaudhrey M, Rankin A, Davison J, Bunting BP, Frewer LJ, Oliveira BMPM. Sex and age differences in attitudes and intention to adopt personalised nutrition in a UK sample. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 31:1-7. [PMID: 34926128 PMCID: PMC8670611 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM There has been an increase in the development of technologies that can deliver personalised dietary advice. Devising healthy, sustainable dietary plans will mean taking into consideration extrinsic factors such as individual social circumstances. The aim of this study was to identify societal groups more or less receptive to and likely to engage with personalised nutrition initiatives. SAMPLE AND METHODS Volunteers were recruited via a social research agency from within the UK. The resultant sample (N = 1061) was 49% female, aged 18-65 years. RESULTS MANOVA (Tukey HSD applied) indicated that females and younger people (aged 18-29 years) had more favourable attitudes and were more likely to intend to adopt personalised nutrition. There were no differences in attitude toward or intention to adopt personalised nutrition between different education levels, income brackets or occupational groups. CONCLUSION These results imply that females and younger people may be most likely to adopt personalised nutrition in the future. Initiatives to promote healthy eating should target males and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Stewart-Knox
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD71DP UK
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, n.° 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnout R. H. Fischer
- Social-Sciences, Marketing and Consumer Behaviour, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mutassam Chaudhrey
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD71DP UK
| | - Audrey Rankin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Jenny Davison
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
| | - Brendan P. Bunting
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
| | - Lynn J. Frewer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE191AA UK
| | - Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, n.° 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Prawira B, Pratama AJ, Bella A, Nuraini S. The role of behavioural immune system and belief in COVID-19 misinformation on COVID-19 protective behaviours in Indonesia. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2729-2743. [PMID: 34894810 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211037730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study (N = 1306) investigated the role behavioural immune system and specific beliefs in COVID-19 misinformation in predicting COVID-19 protective behaviours. By analysing the data from an online survey, we found that germ avoidance significantly predicted social distancing and was negatively correlated to transportation use. Belief in conspiracy theories and non-psychological cures and prevention methods were negatively associated to social distancing, while the latter also predicted lower preventive commodities purchasing. These findings suggested that germ aversion should be incorporated in the promotion of COVID-19 prevention behaviours and that any misinformation related to COVID-19 should be minimized to improve people's protective behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrianna Bella
- Centre for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Sri Nuraini
- Centre for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
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Factors associated with health intentions and behaviour among health checkup participants in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19761. [PMID: 34611263 PMCID: PMC8492688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Health intentions and behaviours are essential for improving the health of individuals and society. This study used cross-sectional data from 20,155 health checkup participants in the Yamagata study to identify factors associated with health intentions and behaviours. Information regarding the current level of health intentions and behaviours was collected using a baseline survey questionnaire. Participants were categorised into three groups: having no intention (no intention), having intentions to improve but not acting on them (intention), and already active (action). The associations between background factors and the presence/absence of health intentions and behaviours were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Of the participants, 35.4%, 37.7%, and 26.9% belonged to the no intention, intention, and action groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with health intentions were being young, being female, longer duration of education, higher body mass index and abdominal circumference, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. The factors associated with health behaviours were being older and male, not consuming alcohol, not smoking, performing daily exercise, and having diabetes. These results indicate that health guidance considering background factors, including age, gender, education, and comorbidities, may be useful for effectively promoting health intentions and health behaviours in the Japanese population.
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Stock S, Altin S, Nawabi F, Civello D, Shukri A, Redaèlli M, Alayli A. A cross-sectional analysis of health literacy: patient- versus family doctor-reported and associations with self-efficacy and chronic disease. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:187. [PMID: 34525978 PMCID: PMC8442421 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate health literacy (HL) levels contribute to good health outcomes and successful disease self-management in patients with chronic disease. Hence, it is essential that family doctors recognize patients with inadequate HL in need of additional support. This study had two aims: (1) to assess and compare patient self-reported versus family doctor-rated HL estimates, and (2) to explore associations between patient-reported HL, self-efficacy and chronic diseases. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional survey were recruited through general practices in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Patient self-reported HL was measured using the European Health Literacy Survey-16. Family doctor-rated HL was measured with an adapted version of this instrument. Using crosstabulations patient-reported and family doctor-rated HL estimates were compared for 346 patient-family doctor pairs. Associations between HL, self-efficacy and chronic disease were investigated using regression analyses. RESULTS Patient-reported and family doctor-rated HL estimates were concordant in 38% of all cases. On average family doctors rated their patients' HL lower than patients rated their own HL. The lower average family doctor ratings were more pronounced when patients were older, male and had more than one chronic disease. Female family doctors rated HL of male patients lower than their male colleagues. Patient reported HL had a significant positive association with self-efficacy. Mediation analysis provided support that self-efficacy acts as mediator between HL and the number of chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings indicate a significant discrepancy between patients' self-reported HL and externally rated HL by family doctors. A more systematic utilization of HL screeners might help reduce this discrepancy. At the same time, consideration should be given to enhancing communication training for family doctors and addressing critical HL skills in patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Stock
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Farah Nawabi
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniele Civello
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arim Shukri
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Redaèlli
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adrienne Alayli
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
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Wang L, Chen J, Leung LT, Ho SY, Lam TH, Wang MP. Use patterns of cigarettes and alternative tobacco products and socioeconomic correlates in Hong Kong secondary school students. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17253. [PMID: 34446733 PMCID: PMC8390664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major cause of health inequities. However, sociodemographic differences in adolescent tobacco use are unclear. In a territory-wide school-based anonymous survey in 2018/19, we investigated tobacco use and sociodemographic correlates in 33,991 students (mean age 14.8 ± 1.9 years) in Hong Kong. Tobacco use prevalence and current-ever use ratios by sociodemographic factors were calculated. Generalised linear mixed models were used in association analyses. Current use was highest for cigarettes (3.2%), closely followed by alternative tobacco products (3.0%). Current-ever use ratios were highest for heated tobacco products (HTPs, 0.60), followed by nicotine e-cigarettes (0.52), waterpipe (0.51), and cigarettes (0.35). Use prevalence and current-ever use ratios of all products showed curvilinear relations with perceived family affluence (P values < 0.01), being highest in the richest families. Tobacco use was also associated with more senior grades, the lowest parental education, and boys, but current-ever use ratios of HTPs and waterpipe were higher in girls (P values < 0.05). The results suggested that adolescent ever users of nicotine-containing alternative tobacco products were more likely to keep using them than cigarettes, and the richest adolescents were at the highest risks of tobacco use. Diverse tobacco control measures are needed to improve health equity, especially on alternative tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjiu Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Lok Tung Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Fedewa SA, Kazerooni EA, Studts JL, Smith RA, Bandi P, Sauer AG, Cotter M, Sineshaw HM, Jemal A, Silvestri GA. State Variation in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Scanning for Lung Cancer Screening in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1044-1052. [PMID: 33176362 PMCID: PMC8328984 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose chest computed tomography in older current and former smokers (ie, eligible adults) has been recommended since 2013. Uptake has been slow and variable across the United States. We estimated the LCS rate and growth at the national and state level between 2016 and 2018. METHODS The American College of Radiology's Lung Cancer Screening Registry was used to capture screening events. Population-based surveys, the US Census, and cancer registry data were used to estimate the number of eligible adults and lung cancer mortality (ie, burden). Lung cancer screening rates (SRs) in eligible adults and screening rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure changes by state and year. RESULTS Nationally, the SR was steady between 2016 (3.3%, 95% CI = 3.3% to 3.7%) and 2017 (3.4%, 95% CI = 3.4% to 3.9%), increasing to 5.0% (95% CI = 5.0% to 5.7%) in 2018 (2018 vs 2016 SR ratio = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.51 to 1.62). In 2018, several southern states with a high lung-cancer burden (eg, Mississippi, West Virginia, and Arkansas) had relatively low SRs (<4%) among eligible adults, whereas several northeastern states with lower lung cancer burden (eg, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire) had the highest SRs (12.8%-15.2%). The exception was Kentucky, which had the nation's highest lung cancer mortality rate and one of the highest SRs (13.7%). CONCLUSIONS Fewer than 1 in 20 eligible adults received LCS nationally, and uptake varied widely across states. LCS rates were not aligned with lung cancer burden across states, except for Kentucky, which has supported comprehensive efforts to implement LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Fedewa
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ella A Kazerooni
- Departments of Radiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jamie L Studts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert A Smith
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priti Bandi
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan Cotter
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helmneh M Sineshaw
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Office of the Chief and Scientific Medical Officer, Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gerard A Silvestri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Gordon NP, Hsueh L. Racial/ethnic, gender, and age group differences in cardiometabolic risks among adults in a Northern California health plan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1227. [PMID: 34172022 PMCID: PMC8235804 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the U.S., the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension are higher among African American/Black (Black), Latinx, and Filipino adults than non-Hispanic White (White) and Chinese adults. We compared the racial/ethnic-specific prevalence of several modifiable cardiometabolic risks in an insured adult population to identify behaviors that may drive racial/ethnic differences in cardiometabolic health. Methods This cross-sectional study used data for middle-aged (35–64) and older (65–79) Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) adult health plan members. Smoking status and BMI were derived from electronic health record data. Weighted pooled self-reported data from the 2014/2015 and 2017 KPNC Member Health Survey cycles were used to estimate daily number of servings of fruits/vegetables, general sodium avoidance, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption frequency, alcohol use within daily recommended limit, weekly exercise frequency, and number of hours of sleep daily. Age-standardized estimates of all cardiometabolic risks were produced for middle-aged and older-aged women and men in the five racial/ethnic groups. Analyses focused on racial/ethnic differences within age-gender groups and gender and age group differences within racial/ethnic groups. Results In both age groups, Black, Latinx, and Filipino adults were more likely than White and Chinese adults to have overweight and obesity and were less likely to engage in health promoting dietary (fruit/vegetable and SSB consumption, sodium avoidance (women only)) and sleep behaviors. Middle-aged Black and Filipino men were more likely than White men to be current smokers. Less racial/ethnic variation was seen in exercise frequency. Significant gender differences were observed for dietary behaviors overall and within racial/ethnic groups, especially among middle-aged adults; however, these gender differences were smaller for sleep and exercise. Age differences within gender and racial/ethnic groups were less consistent. Racial/ethnic and gender differences in these behaviors were also seen in the subsample of adults with diabetes and/or hypertension and in the subsample of adults who reported they were trying to engage in health promoting behaviors. Conclusions Black, Latinx, and Filipino adults were more likely than White and Chinese adults to report dietary and sleep behaviors associated with development and worsening of cardiometabolic conditions, with men exhibiting poorer dietary behaviors than women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11011-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P Gordon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Loretta Hsueh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
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Shimazaki T, Iio M, Uechi H, Takenaka K. Emotional experiences of reading health educational manga encouraging behavioral changes: a non-randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:398-421. [PMID: 34104567 PMCID: PMC8159205 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1921583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Educational health manga are used to promote health behavior change. This study thus seeks to achieve the following objectives: identify the emotional experience of reading educational health manga, understand the effects of facilitating the psychological mediators of behavior change through emotional experiences, and compare the effectiveness of educational health manga with conventional materials. DESIGN A non-randomized controlled trial with six conditions was conducted. Target behaviors were physical activity and healthy diet. Individuals aged 20-69 years (n = 1,680) were assigned three manga intervention conditions and three control conditions (visual image-based, narrative text, and general text material). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were asked about their emotional experience while reading either intervention material or control material and its perceived positive influence on enhancing psychological mediators. RESULTS Four factors relevant to emotional experiences were identified: risk perception, familiarity, satisfaction, and realism. Emotional experience strongly predicted the psychological mediators of behavior change. Analysis of differences among the six conditions revealed that exposure to educational health manga led to greater satisfaction and increased knowledge. Participants assigned manga conditions experienced superior emotional experiences and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Those assigned manga conditions experienced superior emotional experiences and outcomes. The efficacy of educational health manga in encouraging psychological mediators of change was confirmed.Trial registration: UMIN Japan identifier: UMIN000034369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimazaki
- Department of Health & Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Iio
- College of Nursing, Kanto-Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Uechi
- Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Takenaka
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Handebo S, Adugna A, Kassie A, Shitu K. Determinants of COVID-19-related knowledge and preventive behaviours among students in reopened secondary schools: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050189. [PMID: 33895723 PMCID: PMC8076628 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Ethiopia, more than 26 million students have been out of the classroom for nearly 9 months. On 18 September, the Ethiopian Minister of Health advised the Parliament the possibility of reopening schools provided certain conditions were met. Schools are currently reopening in the country for the first time since March 2020. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the knowledge and preventive health behaviours toward COVID-19 and associated factors among secondary school students. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 370 secondary school students were included. Bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression model were fitted to identify the predictors of knowledge about COVID-19. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were done to identify factors associated with preventive behaviour. A p<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS Only one-fourth (23.5%, 95% CI 19.5% to 28.1%) of the participants had a good knowledge about COVID-19. The mean score of preventive behaviour was 22.8±SD 6.2. Marital status, religion, father education, living arrangement and sources of information were significantly associated with knowledge about COVID-19. Being female and using health professionals as source of information increased the engagement in preventive behaviours. On the other hand, student whose father employed in non-governmental organisation and other jobs had decreased engagement in preventive health behaviours. CONCLUSION Significant number of the students had inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 and poorly engaged in COVID-19 preventive behaviour. Thus, it is suggested to include and disseminate about COVID-19 in related academic sessions, using school clubs and minimedias. The sources of COVID-19-related information need to strengthen the dissemination of tailored, credible and timely message to enhance the knowledge and engagement of the students in preventive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simegnew Handebo
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of public health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Adugna
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of public health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Kassie
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of public health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kegnie Shitu
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of public health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Hermann S, Starker A, Geene R, Jordan S. Factors in the Use of Workplace Health Promotion on Back Health. Results of the Survey "German Health Update". Front Public Health 2021; 9:638242. [PMID: 33912530 PMCID: PMC8072110 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.638242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The influence of the working environment on the back health of employees is well-documented. Many companies have begun to offer employees access to services to promote back health. Factors affecting the use of these offers at the population level have received little investigation to date. The current study examined the socio-demographic factors, physical activity and health-related factors, and work-related factors associated with the use of offers of workplace health promotion for back health in Germany. Materials and Methods: In the representative population-based cross-sectional survey "German Health Update" (GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS) conducted by the Robert Koch Institute, 12,072 employees aged 18-64 years old were surveyed from November 2014 to July 2015 regarding the use of back health services in their companies. In addition to socio-demographic factors, the survey examined working hours, physical activity in leisure time, health awareness, and subjective complaints in the lower back or other chronic back problems in the last 12 months. The interaction of these factors with the utilization of back health services was tested using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Women used back health services more often than men (women: 25.5%; men: 18.1%). Female gender was associated with part-time employment (OR 0.72) and a strong to very strong level of health awareness (OR 1.40). Male gender was associated with age between 30 and 44 years (OR 1.99) and 45-64 years (OR 2.02), low socioeconomic status (OR 0.48), endurance activity of <2.5 h per week (OR 0.62), and absence of lower back pain or other chronic back conditions for the last 12 months (OR 0.48). Conclusion: The present study is the first to provide findings regarding the factors associated with the utilization of workplace health promotion to promote back health at the population level, and from the perspective of employees in Germany. The results revealed that the relevant factors for participating in offers differ for women and men. To reach more employees, workplace health promotion offers for back health should be designed specifically for each individual, considering gender and age, working hours, health awareness and behavior, and health state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hermann
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Unit Health Behaviour, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Starker
- Unit Health Behaviour, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raimund Geene
- Alice Salomon Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin School of Public Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Jordan
- Unit Health Behaviour, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Clustering 5-Year Multidimensional Health Care Trajectory Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Syndromes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:1525-1534.e3. [PMID: 33689689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related syndromes (ADRS), personalized care adapted to each patient's needs is recommended to provide a care plan and start symptomatic treatments according to guidelines. Over the past decade, dedicated structures and care have been implemented in various settings. Equal access to ADRS care, health care providers and services is crucial to ensure potential health benefits for everyone. However, the extent of use of recommended services and favorable health care utilization trajectories (HUT) may vary according to individual and contextual characteristics. The aim of this article was to (1) describe HUT patterns after multidimensional clustering of similar trajectories, (2) assess the proportion of individuals presenting favorable HUTs, and (3) identify factors associated with favorable HUTs. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 103,317 people newly diagnosed with ADRS identified in the French health reimbursement system (SNDS) was followed for 5 years with their monthly utilization on 11 health care dimensions. METHODS For 3 age groups (65-74, 75-84, ≥85 years), 15 clusters of patients were identified using partitioning around medoids applied to Levenshtein distances. They were qualitatively assessed by pluridisciplinary experts. Individual and contextual determinants of clusters denoting favorable trajectories were identified using mixed random effects multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Clusters with favorable HUTs denoting slow, progressive trajectories centered on at-home care, represented approximatively 25% of the patients. Determinants of favorable HUTs were mostly individual (age, female gender, absence of certain comorbidities, circumstances of ADRS identification, lower deprivation). Contextual determinants were also identified, in particular accessibility to nurses and nursing homes. Inter-territories variance was small but significant in all age groups (from 0.9% to 1.8%). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Favorable HUTs remain the minority and many efforts can still be made to improve HUTs. Qualitative studies could help understanding underlying barriers to favorable HUTs.
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Franzen A, Wöhner F. Coronavirus risk perception and compliance with social distancing measures in a sample of young adults: Evidence from Switzerland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247447. [PMID: 33606826 PMCID: PMC7894933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The health risk of the coronavirus pandemic is age-specific. The symptoms of a COVID-19 infection are usually mild in the healthy population below the age of 65; however, the measures laid down to prevent the spread of the virus apply typically to the whole population. Hence, those who have a low risk of severe symptoms face a social dilemma in cooperating and complying with the safety measures: Cooperating in preventing the spread of the disease is good for society but comes with individual costs. These costs provide an incentive not to cooperate with the safety measures. In this paper we analyze via structural equation modelling a sample of young adults (N = 510) who were surveyed right after the end of the first lockdown period in Switzerland. We investigate why and to what extent they cooperated in preventing the epidemic by following the recommendation to stay at home as much as possible. We hypothesize that those respondents who perceive themselves to be personally at risk, or who have relatives belonging to the risk group, complied more often with the safety measures as compared to those without severe risks. Cooperating should also be linked to individuals' pro-social orientation. Furthermore, we hypothesize that those who believe that the virus is dangerous for society or who have a personal interest in protection show higher support for the general safety measures. Our empirical results show that compliance with the coronavirus social distancing measures was generally very high during the first lockdown. Although young adults perceived themselves to be at low personal risk, they still believed that the virus is dangerous for society. Those who had a personal interest in staying at home because they had relatives belonging to the risk group complied more often with the safety measures. Overall, the results suggest that the support of the preventive measures is the most important promoter of cooperation to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Franzen
- Institute of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Wöhner
- Institute of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Masks, Gloves, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Assessment of Public Behaviors in the United States. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 1:16-22. [PMID: 36417208 PMCID: PMC9620870 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia1010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a national emergency in the U.S. in March 2020, and in April 2020, the U.S. government authorities issued recommendations on the use of masks and gloves as protective measures. Despite such recommendations, popular media reports highlighted a lack of compliance. However, no systematic study has examined the use of protective strategies (e.g., wearing a mask) by the American public to prevent the spread of COVID-19 during early stages of the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to conduct a rapid national assessment of public behaviors to prevent COVID-19 spread during the early stages of the pandemic and to assess how these behaviors may have differed based on selected sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 835 adult Americans nationwide took a multi-item survey and were asked about wearing masks, gloves, and their demographic background. The majority of the study participants reported wearing a mask more often during the pandemic (76%), but the majority did not wear gloves more often during the pandemic (30%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) for wearing masks were found based on sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, living arrangements, and employment status. For gloves, significant differences were found based on sex, age, marital status, and employment. While the pandemic continues to unfold and with recent reports of a surge in cases in the U.S., public health practitioners and policymakers must emphasize COVID-19 prevention strategies for the general public and explore pragmatic options to increase compliance of protective behaviors among the general public.
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Analysis of Gender-Dependent Personal Protective Behaviors in a National Sample: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165770. [PMID: 32785004 PMCID: PMC7459707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the basic strategy that is recommended to reduce the spread of the disease is to practice proper hand hygiene and personal protective behaviors, but among adolescents, low adherence is common. The present study aimed to assess the gender-dependent hand hygiene and personal protective behaviors in a national sample of Polish adolescents. The Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study was conducted in a group of 2323 secondary school students (814 males, 1509 females). Schools were chosen based on the random quota sampling procedure. The participants were surveyed to assess their knowledge and beliefs associated with hand hygiene and personal protection, as well as their actual behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of respondents gave proper answers when asked about their knowledge. However, females displayed a higher level of knowledge (p < 0.05). Most of the respondents declared not leaving home, handwashing, using alcohol-based hand rub, avoiding contact with those who may be sick, and avoiding public places as their personal protective behaviors. They declared using face masks and gloves after the legal regulation requiring people to cover their nose and mouth in public places was enacted in Poland. Regarding the use of face masks and not touching the face, no gender-dependent differences were observed, while for all the other behaviors, females declared more adherence than males (p < 0.05). Females also declared a higher daily frequency of handwashing (p < 0.0001) and washing their hands always when necessary more often than males (68.2% vs. 54.1%; p < 0.0001). Males more often indicated various reasons for not handwashing, including that there is no need to do it, they do not feel like doing it, they have no time to do it, or they forget about it (p < 0.0001), while females pointed out side effects (e.g., skin problems) as the reason (p = 0.0278). Females more often declared handwashing in circumstances associated with socializing, being exposed to contact with other people and health (p < 0.05), and declared always including the recommended steps in their handwashing procedure (p < 0.05). The results showed that female secondary school students exhibited a higher level of knowledge on hand hygiene and personal protection, as well as better behaviors, compared to males. However, irrespective of gender, some false beliefs and improper behaviors were observed, which suggests that education is necessary, especially in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mühlichen M. Avoidable Mortality in the German Baltic Sea Region Since Reunification: Convergence or Persistent Disparities? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2019; 35:609-637. [PMID: 31372107 PMCID: PMC6639439 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-018-9496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of political reunification for health and mortality have the unique character of a 'natural experiment'. This is particularly true for the formerly divided German Baltic Sea region due to its cultural and geographic commonalities. This paper ascertains the changes and differences in premature mortality at ages 0-74 in urban and rural areas of the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) and Schleswig-Holstein (SH) since reunification and the contribution made by 'avoidable' mortality. Using official cause-of-death data, the effectiveness of health care and health policies was measured based on the concept of avoidable mortality in terms of both amenable and preventable conditions. Methods of decomposition and standardisation were employed in order to erase the compositional effect from the mortality trend. As a result, mortality differences relate primarily to men and the rural areas of the German Baltic Sea region. Whereas the mortality levels in the urban areas of MV and SH have converged, the rural areas of MV still show higher levels of preventable and amenable mortality. The results show that the accessibility and quality of medical care in the thinly populated areas of MV and the effectiveness of inter-sectoral health policies through primary prevention, particularly with regard to men, have room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mühlichen
- Federal Institute for Population Research, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, 65185 Wiesbaden, Germany
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Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zu X, Liu T, Zheng J. From Neighboring Behavior to Mental Health in the Community: The Role of Gender and Work-Family Conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2101. [PMID: 31200572 PMCID: PMC6617099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research emphasizes the potential influences of social community environments on low-income employees' mental health. Using a two-wave panel design, we collect 218 matched data from low-income employees in Harbin City, China. We developed a moderated mediation model to test our hypotheses with the following significant results: (1) neighboring behavior, defined as both giving and receiving various kinds of assistance to and from one's neighbors, positively influenced mental health; (2) work-family conflict mediated the relationship between neighboring behavior and mental health; (3) gender moderated the influences of neighboring behavior on mental health, such that neighboring behavior had a stronger positive influence on mental health for females than for males; (4) gender moderated the mediating effect of work-family conflict; that is, the positive influences of neighboring behavior were stronger for female employees than for male employees. This research explores the mechanism and boundary conditions of the relationship between neighboring behavior and mental health. In practice, community managers support community social workers by organizing community-building social activities and supportive programs to enhance residents' neighboring behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenduo Zhang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Zu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Tiansen Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Junwei Zheng
- Department of Construction Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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