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Cui H, Xu W, Liu L, Hong Y, Lou H, Tang P, Lin Y, Xu H, Xie M, Du M, Tang X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Diosgenin alleviates arsenic trioxide induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial mesenchymal transition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155891. [PMID: 39059093 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Arsenic trioxide (ATO), the first-line drug in treating acute premyelogenous leukemia, has the profound side effect of inducing endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and causing cardiac fibrosis. Diosgenin (DIO), a pharmaceutical compound found in Paris polyphylla, exhibits promising potential in safeguarding cardiovascular health by mitigating EndMT. PURPOSE This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of DIO in ATO-induced myocardial fibrosis to provide a novel therapeutic agent for ATO-induced cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Wistar rats were given DIO by gavage and ATO by tail vein. Cardiac function and fibrosis were evaluated by echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining in rats. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were utilized to analyze ATO-induced EndMT in vitro. The cytoskeleton of HAECs was visualized using F-actin staining to observe cell morphology, while Dil-Ac-LDL staining was employed to assess cell functionality. EndMT-related factors (CD31 and α-SMA), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, GR was knocked down by si-GR, and IL-6 was blocked by IL-6 neutralizing antibody to verify their role in the effect of DIO on ATO-induced EndMT in HAECs. RESULTS DIO exhibited significant efficacy in ATO-induced damage to both cardiac diastolic and systolic function, along with mitigating cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, DIO alleviated the loss of cytoskeletal anisotropy and enhanced the uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL in HAECs. Furthermore, it reversed the ATO-induced downregulation of endothelial-specific markers CD31 and GR, while suppressing the upregulation of mesenchymal markers α-SMA and IL-6, both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, the protective effect of DIO was compromised upon knockdown of GR, which also led to a reversal of DIO-induced IL-6 downregulation. Furthermore, the neutralization of IL-6 with specific antibodies abolished the ATO-induced changes related to EndMT. CONCLUSION In this study, we clarified the protective effect of DIO on ATO-induced myocardial fibrosis against EndMT via the GR/IL-6 axis for the first time and provided a potential therapeutic agent for preventing heart damage caused by ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wanqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Han Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Henghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Minzhen Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Menghan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xueqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Zhixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China; State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150081, PR China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Lotsios NS, Keskinidou C, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Langleben D, Orfanos SE, Vassiliou AG. Effects of Modulating BMP9, BMPR2, and AQP1 on BMP Signaling in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8043. [PMID: 39125626 PMCID: PMC11311989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Mutations in the BMPR2 and AQP1 genes have been described in familial PAH. The bone morphogenetic proteins BMP9 and BMP10 bind with high affinity to BMPR2. Administration of BMP9 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy against PAH, although recent conflicting evidence dispute the effect of such a practice. Considering the involvement of the above molecules in PAH onset, progression, and therapeutic value, we examined the effects of modulation of BMP9, BMPR2, and AQP1 on BMP9, BMP10, BMPR2, AQP1, and TGFB1 expression in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that silencing the BMPR2 gene resulted in increased expression of its two main ligands, namely BMP9 and BMP10. Exogenous administration of BMP9 caused the return of BMP10 to basal levels, while it restored the decreased AQP1 protein levels and the decreased TGFB1 mRNA and protein expression levels caused by BMPR2 silencing. Moreover, AQP1 gene silencing also resulted in increased expression of BMP9 and BMP10. Our results might possibly imply that the effect of exogenously administered BMP9 on molecules participating in the BMP signaling pathway could depend on the expression levels of BMPR2. Taken together, these results may provide insight into the highly complex interactions of the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos S. Lotsios
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - David Langleben
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Azrieli Heart Center and Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
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Li W, Quigley K. Bone morphogenetic protein signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: revisiting the BMPRII connection. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1515-1528. [PMID: 38716930 PMCID: PMC11346422 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and life-threatening vascular disorder, characterised by abnormal remodelling of the pulmonary vessels and elevated pulmonary artery pressure, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided heart failure. The importance of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in the pathogenesis of PAH is demonstrated by human genetic studies. Many PAH risk genes are involved in the BMP signalling pathway and are highly expressed or preferentially act on vascular endothelial cells. Endothelial dysfunction is recognised as an initial trigger for PAH, and endothelial BMP signalling plays a crucial role in the maintenance of endothelial integrity. BMPR2 is the most prevalent PAH gene, found in over 80% of heritable cases. As BMPRII protein is the major type II receptor for a large family of BMP ligands and expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, dysregulated BMP signalling in other cells may also contribute to PAH pathobiology. Sotatercept, which contains the extracellular domain of another transforming growth factor-β family type II receptor ActRIIA fused to immunoglobin Fc domain, was recently approved by the FDA as a treatment for PAH. Neither its target cells nor its mechanism of action is fully understood. This review will revisit BMPRII function and its extracellular regulation, summarise how dysregulated BMP signalling in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells may contribute to PAH pathogenesis, and discuss how novel therapeutics targeting the extracellular regulation of BMP signalling, such as BMP9 and Sotatercept, can be related to restoring BMPRII function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- VPD Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0BB, U.K
| | - Kate Quigley
- VPD Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0BB, U.K
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Luo Y, Qi X, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li B, Shu T, Li X, Hu H, Li J, Tang Q, Zhou Y, Wang M, Fan T, Guo W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Pang J, Yang P, Gao R, Chen W, Yan C, Xing Y, Du W, Wang J, Wang C. Inactivation of Malic Enzyme 1 in Endothelial Cells Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2024; 149:1354-1371. [PMID: 38314588 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease with a high mortality rate. Although growing evidence has revealed the importance of dysregulated energetic metabolism in the pathogenesis of PH, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we focused on ME1 (malic enzyme 1), a key enzyme linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We aimed to determine the role and mechanistic action of ME1 in PH. METHODS Global and endothelial-specific ME1 knockout mice were used to investigate the role of ME1 in hypoxia- and SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PH. Small hairpin RNA and ME1 enzymatic inhibitor (ME1*) were used to study the mechanism of ME1 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Downstream key metabolic pathways and mediators of ME1 were identified by metabolomics analysis in vivo and ME1-mediated energetic alterations were examined by Seahorse metabolic analysis in vitro. The pharmacological effect of ME1* on PH treatment was evaluated in PH animal models induced by SuHx. RESULTS We found that ME1 protein level and enzymatic activity were highly elevated in lung tissues of patients and mice with PH, primarily in vascular endothelial cells. Global knockout of ME1 protected mice from developing hypoxia- or SuHx-induced PH. Endothelial-specific ME1 deletion similarly attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH development in mice, suggesting a critical role of endothelial ME1 in PH. Mechanistic studies revealed that ME1 inhibition promoted downstream adenosine production and activated A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling, which leads to an increase in nitric oxide generation and a decrease in proinflammatory molecule expression in endothelial cells. ME1 inhibition activated adenosine production in an ATP-dependent manner through regulating malate-aspartate NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen) shuttle and thereby balancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Pharmacological inactivation of ME1 attenuated the progression of PH in both preventive and therapeutic settings by promoting adenosine production in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ME1 upregulation in endothelial cells plays a causative role in PH development by negatively regulating adenosine production and subsequently dysregulating endothelial functions. Our findings also suggest that ME1 may represent as a novel pharmacological target for upregulating protective adenosine signaling in PH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Xianmei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases (Z.Z., W.D.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Xiaona Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jinqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Qihao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Mingyao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (M.W., C.W.)
| | - Tianfei Fan
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (J.Z.)
| | - Junling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Peiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Ran Gao
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (W.C.)
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Yanjiang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases (Z.Z., W.D.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity (Y.L., X.Q., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., J.P., P.Y., Y.X., J.W., C.W.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y.L., X.Q., Z.Z., J.Z., B.L., T.S., X.L., H.H., J.L., Q.T., Y.Z., T.F., W.G., Y.L., J.P., P.Y., R.G., Y.X., W.D., J.W., C.W.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (M.W., C.W.)
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China (C.W.)
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5
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Bochenek ML, Saar K, Nazari-Jahantigh M, Gogiraju R, Wiedenroth CB, Münzel T, Mayer E, Fink L, Schober A, Hübner N, Guth S, Konstantinides S, Schäfer K. Endothelial Overexpression of TGF-β-Induced Protein Impairs Venous Thrombus Resolution: Possible Role in CTEPH. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:100-116. [PMID: 38362348 PMCID: PMC10864968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play a critical role during venous thrombus remodeling, and unresolved, fibrotic thrombi with irregular vessels obstruct the pulmonary artery in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study sought to identify endothelial mediators of impaired venous thrombus resolution and to determine their role in the pathogenesis of the vascular obstructions in patients with CTEPH. Endothelial cells outgrown from pulmonary endarterectomy specimens (PEA) were processed for mRNA profiling, and nCounter gene expression and immunohistochemistry analysis of PEA tissue microarrays and immunoassays of plasma were used to validate the expression in CTEPH. Lentiviral overexpression in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and exogenous administration of the recombinant protein into C57BL/6J mice after inferior Vena cava ligation were employed to assess their role for venous thrombus resolution. RT2 PCR profiler analysis demonstrated the significant overexpression of factors downstream of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), that is TGFβ-Induced Protein (TGFBI or BIGH3) and transgelin (TAGLN), or involved in TGFβ signaling, that is follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) and stanniocalcin-2 (STC2). Gene expression and immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue microarrays localized potential disease candidates to vessel-rich regions. Lentiviral overexpression of TGFBI in HPAECs increased fibrotic remodeling of human blood clots in vitro, and exogenous administration of recombinant TGFBI in mice delayed venous thrombus resolution. Significantly elevated plasma TGFBI levels were observed in patients with CTEPH and decreased after PEA. Our findings suggest that overexpression of TGFBI in endothelial promotes venous thrombus non-resolution and fibrosis and is causally involved in the pathophysiology of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Bochenek
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, RheinMain, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh
- Institute for Prophylaxis and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinic of the University of Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Munich, Germany
| | - Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, RheinMain, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, RheinMain, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mayer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute for Pathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, MVZ, Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute for Prophylaxis and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinic of the University of Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Guth
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, RheinMain, Germany
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6
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Chavkin NW, Vippa T, Jung C, McDonnell S, Hirschi KK, Gokce N, Walsh K. Obesity accelerates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adipose tissues of mice and humans. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264479. [PMID: 37795485 PMCID: PMC10546194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular dysfunction and chronic inflammation are characteristics of obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. Proinflammatory cytokines can drive an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), where endothelial cells undergo a phenotypic switch to mesenchymal-like cells that are pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic. In this study, we sought to determine whether obesity can promote EndoMT in adipose tissue. Methods Mice in which endothelial cells are lineage-traced with eYFP were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) or Control diet for 13, 26, and 52 weeks, and EndoMT was assessed in adipose tissue depots as percentage of CD45-CD31-Acta2+ mesenchymal-like cells that were eYFP +. EndoMT was also assessed in human adipose endothelial cells through cell culture assays and by the analysis of single cell RNA sequencing datasets obtained from the visceral adipose tissues of obese individuals. Results Quantification by flow cytometry showed that mice fed a HF/HS diet display a time-dependent increase in EndoMT over Control diet in subcutaneous adipose tissue (+3.0%, +2.6-fold at 13 weeks; +10.6%, +3.2-fold at 26 weeks; +11.8%, +2.9-fold at 52 weeks) and visceral adipose tissue (+5.5%, +2.3-fold at 13 weeks; +20.7%, +4.3-fold at 26 weeks; +25.7%, +4.8-fold at 52 weeks). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that EndoMT cells in visceral adipose tissue have enriched expression of genes associated with inflammatory and TGFβ signaling pathways. Human adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells cultured with TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α exhibited a similar upregulation of EndoMT markers and induction of inflammatory response pathways. Analysis of single cell RNA sequencing datasets from visceral adipose tissue of obese patients revealed a nascent EndoMT sub-cluster of endothelial cells with reduced PECAM1 and increased ACTA2 expression, which was also enriched for inflammatory signaling genes and other genes associated with EndoMT. Discussion These experimental and clinical findings show that chronic obesity can accelerate EndoMT in adipose tissue. We speculate that EndoMT is a feature of adipose tissue dysfunction that contributes to local inflammation and the systemic metabolic effects of obesity..
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Chavkin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tanvi Vippa
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Changhee Jung
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Hematovascular Biology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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7
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Xu WJ, Wu Q, He WN, Wang S, Zhao YL, Huang JX, Yan XS, Jiang R. Interleukin-6 and pulmonary hypertension: from physiopathology to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181987. [PMID: 37449201 PMCID: PMC10337993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, pulmonary vascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PH is complex and remains unclear. Existing studies have suggested that inflammatory factors are key factors in PH. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. Current studies reveal that IL-6 is elevated in the serum of patients with PH and it is negatively correlated with lung function in those patients. Since IL-6 is one of the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation in PH, signaling mechanisms targeting IL-6 may become therapeutic targets for this disease. In this review, we detailed the potential role of IL-6 in accelerating PH process and the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways. We also summarized the current drugs targeting these inflammatory pathways to treat PH. We hope that this study will provide a more theoretical basis for targeted treatment in patients with PH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ni He
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Xia Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Shen Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Robert F, Berrebeh N, Guignabert C, Humbert M, Bailly S, Tu L, Savale L. [Dysfunction of endothelial BMP-9 signaling in pulmonary vascular disease]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:234-238. [PMID: 36828679 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathway of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 binding to the endothelial receptor BMP receptor type II (BMPR-II), activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) and the coreceptor endoglin is essential to maintain the pulmonary vascular integrity. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in numerous vascular diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the implication of the BMP-9/BMPR-II/ALK1/endoglin pathway in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Robert
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR_S 999 - Bâtiment de recherche (2(e) étage), 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm Unité mixte de recherche 999, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - N Berrebeh
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR_S 999 - Bâtiment de recherche (2(e) étage), 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm Unité mixte de recherche 999, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - C Guignabert
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR_S 999 - Bâtiment de recherche (2(e) étage), 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm Unité mixte de recherche 999, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - M Humbert
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR_S 999 - Bâtiment de recherche (2(e) étage), 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm Unité mixte de recherche 999, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - S Bailly
- Laboratoire BioSanté, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - L Tu
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR_S 999 - Bâtiment de recherche (2(e) étage), 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm Unité mixte de recherche 999, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - L Savale
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR_S 999 - Bâtiment de recherche (2(e) étage), 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm Unité mixte de recherche 999, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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9
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Vliora M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Flouris AD, Mitola S. The impact of adipokines on vascular networks in adipose tissue. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:61-72. [PMID: 35953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active and plastic endocrine organ. It secretes numerous soluble molecules known as adipokines, which act locally to AT control the remodel and homeostasis or exert pleiotropic functions in different peripheral organs. Aberrant production or loss of certain adipokines contributes to AT dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. The AT plasticity is strictly related to tissue vascularization. Angiogenesis supports the AT expansion, while regression of blood vessels is associated with AT hypoxia, which in turn mediates tissue inflammation, fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction. Several adipokines can regulate endothelial cell functions and are endowed with either pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. Here we address the role of adipokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the link between adipokines and angiogenesis will open the way for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy.
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10
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Wang SY, Jiang JH, Liu SY, Zhang J, Gao X, Liu H, Ke KX, Jiang Y, Liu L, He BC. Interleukin 6 promotes BMP9-induced osteoblastic differentiation through Stat3/mTORC1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:718-733. [PMID: 36750182 PMCID: PMC9970304 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a dual role in regulating bone metabolism, although the concrete mechanism is unclear. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most potent osteogenic inducers, and a promising alternative for bone tissue engineering. The relationship between IL-6 and BMP9 in osteogenic differentiation remains to be elucidated, and the osteoblastic potential of BMP9 needs to be enhanced to overcome certain shortcomings of BMP9. In this study, we used real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescent stain, fetal limb culture and cranial defects repair model to explore the IL-6 role in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that the rat serum level of IL-6 was increased in the dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis model, and IL-6 expression was detectable in several progenitor cells and MEFs. BMP9 upregulated IL-6 in MEFs, and the BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers were elevated by IL-6, but reduced by IL-6 knockdown. BMP9 and/or IL-6 both activated mTOR, and the IL-6 effect on BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers and bone formation were reduced greatly by mTOR inhibition. Raptor was up-regulated by IL-6 and/or BMP9 specifically, and the osteoblastic markers induced by IL-6 and/or BMP9 were reduced by Raptor knockdown. Meanwhile, Stat-3 was activated by IL-6 and/or BMP9, and the increase of Raptor or osteoblastic markers by IL-6 and/or BMP9 were reduced by Stat-3 inhibition. The Raptor promoter activity was regulated by p-Stat-3. Our finding suggested that IL-6 can promote the BMP9 osteoblastic potential, which may be mediated through activating Stat-3/mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin-Hai Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai-Xin Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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11
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Itoh F, Watabe T. TGF-β signaling in lymphatic vascular vessel formation and maintenance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1081376. [PMID: 36589453 PMCID: PMC9799095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and its family members, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), nodal proteins, and activins, are implicated in the development and maintenance of various organs. Here, we review its role in the lymphatic vascular system (the secondary vascular system in vertebrates), which plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, participating in the maintenance of the normal tissue fluid balance, immune cell trafficking, and fatty acid absorption in the gut. The lymphatic system is associated with pathogenesis in multiple diseases, including lymphedema, inflammatory diseases, and tumor metastasis. Lymphatic vessels are composed of lymphatic endothelial cells, which differentiate from blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs). Although TGF-β family signaling is essential for maintaining blood vessel function, little is known about the role of TGF-β in lymphatic homeostasis. Recently, we reported that endothelial-specific depletion of TGF-β signaling affects lymphatic function. These reports suggest that TGF-β signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells maintains the structure of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic homeostasis, and promotes tumor lymphatic metastasis. Suppression of TGF-β signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells may therefore be effective in inhibiting cancer metastasis. We highlight recent advances in understanding the roles of TGF-β signaling in the formation and maintenance of the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Stem Cells Regulations, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Fumiko Itoh, ; Tetsuro Watabe,
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Fumiko Itoh, ; Tetsuro Watabe,
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12
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Tian S, Cai Z, Sen P, van Uden D, van de Kamp E, Thuillet R, Tu L, Guignabert C, Boomars K, Van der Heiden K, Brandt MM, Merkus D. Loss of lung microvascular endothelial Piezo2 expression impairs NO synthesis, induces EndMT, and is associated with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H958-H974. [PMID: 36149769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00220.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are translated into biochemical stimuli by mechanotransduction channels, such as the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo2. Lung Piezo2 expression has recently been shown to be restricted to endothelial cells. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of Piezo2 in regulation of pulmonary vascular function and structure, as well as its contribution to development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The expression of Piezo2 was significantly reduced in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) from patients with PAH, in lung tissue from mice with a Bmpr2+/R899X knock-in mutation commonly found in patients with pulmonary hypertension, and in lung tissue of monocrotaline (MCT) and sugen-hypoxia-induced PH (SuHx) PAH rat models, as well as from a swine model with pulmonary vein banding. In MVECs, Piezo2 expression was reduced in response to abnormal shear stress, hypoxia, and TGFβ stimulation. Functional studies in MVECs exposed to shear stress illustrated that siRNA-mediated Piezo2 knockdown impaired endothelial alignment, calcium influx, phosphorylation of AKT, and nitric oxide production. In addition, siPiezo2 reduced the expression of the endothelial marker PECAM-1 and increased the expression of vascular smooth muscle markers ACTA2, SM22a, and calponin. Thus, Piezo2 acts as a mechanotransduction channel in pulmonary MVECs, stimulating shear-induced production of nitric oxide and is essentially involved in preventing endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Its blunted expression in pulmonary hypertension could impair the vasodilator capacity and stimulate vascular remodeling, indicating that Piezo2 might be an interesting therapeutic target to attenuate progression of the disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanosensory ion channel Piezo2 is exclusively expressed in lung microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). Patient MVECs as well as animal models of pulmonary (arterial) hypertension showed lower expression of Piezo2 in the lung. Mechanistically, Piezo2 is required for calcium influx and NO production in response to shear stress, whereas stimuli known to induce endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) reduce Piezo2 expression in MVECs, and Piezo2 knockdown induces a gene and protein expression pattern consistent with EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zongye Cai
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Payel Sen
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Clinic Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Denise van Uden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van de Kamp
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Karin Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M Brandt
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Clinic Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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13
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Molecular mechanisms of coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: focus on mitochondrial quality surveillance. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:307-329. [PMID: 35303170 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction is both a culprit and a victim of diabetes, and can accelerate diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications by promoting vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic responses. Perturbed mitochondrial function induces oxidative stress, disrupts metabolism and activates apoptosis in endothelial cells, thus exacerbating the progression of coronary microvascular complications in diabetes. The mitochondrial quality surveillance (MQS) system responds to stress by altering mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics (fission and fusion), mitophagy and biogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria are prone to fission, which generates two distinct types of mitochondria: one with a normal and the other with a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy can restore the membrane potential and homeostasis of defective mitochondrial fragments. Mitophagy-induced decreases in the mitochondrial population can be reversed by mitochondrial biogenesis. MQS abnormalities induce pathological mitochondrial fission, delayed mitophagy, impaired metabolism and defective biogenesis, thus promoting the accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria and the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. In this review, we examine the effects of MQS on mitochondrial fitness and explore the association of MQS disorders with coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. We also discuss the potential to treat diabetes-related coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction using novel MQS-altering drugs.
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Yoshimatsu Y, Watabe T. Emerging roles of inflammation-mediated endothelial–mesenchymal transition in health and disease. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:9. [PMID: 35130955 PMCID: PMC8818500 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a cellular differentiation process in which endothelial cells (ECs) lose their properties and differentiate into mesenchymal cells, has been observed not only during development but also in various pathological states in adults, including cancer progression and organ/tissue fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an inflammation-related cytokine, has been shown to play central roles in the induction of EndoMT. TGF-β induces EndoMT by regulating the expression of various transcription factors, signaling molecules, and cellular components that confer ECs with mesenchymal characteristics. However, TGF-β by itself is not necessarily sufficient to induce EndoMT to promote the progression of EndoMT-related diseases to a refractory extent. In addition to TGF-β, additional activation by other inflammatory factors is often required to stabilize the progression of EndoMT. Since recent lines of evidence indicate that inflammatory signaling molecules act as enhancers of EndoMT, we summarize the roles of inflammatory factors in the induction of EndoMT and related diseases. We hope that this review will help to develop therapeutic strategies for EndoMT-related diseases by targeting inflammation-mediated EndoMT.
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Hao J, Zhang Y, Pan X, Wang H, Li B, You D. Kawasaki disease: lncRNA Slco4a1 regulates the progression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by targeting the miR-335-5p/POU5F1 axis. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:183-193. [PMID: 35282018 PMCID: PMC8905100 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an autoimmune disease with systemic vasculitis as the main pathological change, and is most common in children under 5. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human diseases has been highlighted. LncRNA Slco4a1 was reported to promote cell growth and act as an oncogenic regulator in cancer. However, the role of lncRNA Slco4a1 in KD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA Slco4a1 in KD. METHODS Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), qRT-PCR, Western blot, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were conducted to explore the function of lncRNA Slco4a1. The interaction between POU5F1 and miR-335-5p was analyzed by the RIP assay and dual luciferase assay. RESULTS LncRNA Slco4a1 was significantly upregulated in the serum of KD patients compared with healthy controls. LncRNA Slco4a1 was upregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with KD serum. LncRNA Slco4a1 overexpression could promote the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in HUVECs. The number of inflammatory cells and the infiltration area of the coronary artery in KD rats were decreased after lncRNA Slco4a1 silencing. Furthermore, lncRNA Slco4a1 is a sponge of miR-335-5p and negatively regulated the expression of miR-335-5p. POU5F1 was the downstream target of miR-335-5p, and miR-335-5p overexpression could upregulate the expression of POU5F1. Additionally, miR-335-5p overexpression could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in HUVECs. We further investigated the effect of lncRNA Slco4a1 on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the results showed that lncRNA Slco4a1 could promote the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results indicated that lncRNA Slco4a1 could regulate the progression of HUVECs in KD by targeting the miR-335-5p/POU5F1 axis, providing new insights for KD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, Hebei Province Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, Hebei Province Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiqing Pan
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, Hebei Province Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, Hebei Province Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dianping You
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, Hebei Province Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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16
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Ma X, Wang S, Cheng H, Ouyang H, Ma X. Melatonin Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating Mitochondrial Fusion in Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7105181. [PMID: 35047108 PMCID: PMC8763517 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can stimulate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Optic atrophy 1- (OPA1-) induced mitochondrial fusion is an endogenous antioxidative mechanism that preserves the mitochondrial function. In our study, we investigated whether melatonin augments OPA1-dependent mitochondrial fusion and thus maintains redox balance during myocardial I/R injury. In hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes, melatonin treatment upregulated OPA1 mRNA and protein expression, thereby enhancing mitochondrial fusion. Melatonin also suppressed apoptosis in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by increased cell viability, diminished caspase-3 activity, and reduced Troponin T secretion; however, silencing OPA1 abolished these effects. H/R treatment augmented mitochondrial ROS production and repressed antioxidative molecule levels, while melatonin reversed these changes in an OPA1-dependent manner. Melatonin also inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, but OPA1 silencing prevented these outcomes. These results illustrate that melatonin administration alleviates cardiomyocyte I/R injury by activating OPA1-induced mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Shengchi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Haichun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoning Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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Hu WP, Xie L, Hao SY, Wu QH, Xiang GL, Li SQ, Liu D. Protective effects of progesterone on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells stimulated with Interleukin 6 via blocking the shuttling and transcriptional function of STAT3. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108379. [PMID: 34865992 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone paradox is a crucial but unresolved issue in the field of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and is thought to be related to different pathogenic factors. Inflammation is one of pathological mechanisms of PAH development. However, effects of sex hormones on the pulmonary vasculature under the condition of inflammation are still elusive. METHODS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was used as a representative inflammatory stimulator. Effects of 17β-estradiol or progesterone on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were measured under the condition of IL-6. Cell functions of proliferation and migration were measured by Alarmar Blue, EdU assay, wound-healing assay and transwell chambers. We explored further mechanisms using western blot, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our results revealed that IL-6 promoted the proliferation of PASMCs, but progesterone could reverse the adverse effect of IL-6. The protective effect was dependent on progesterone receptor (PGR). By interacting with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activated PGR could reduce the IL-6-induced nuclear translocation of STAT3 and prevent STAT3-chromatin binding in PASMCs, leading to the decreased transcription of downstream CCND1 and BCL2. Alternatively, progesterone slightly decreased the phosphorylation of pro-proliferative Erk1/2 and Akt kinases and upregulated the anti-proliferative pSmad1-Id1/2 axis in IL-6-incubated PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Progesterone played a protective role on PASMCs in the context of IL-6, by blocking the functions of STAT3. Our findings might assist in explaining the clinical phenomenon of better prognosis for women with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Hao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin-Han Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Ling Xiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shan-Qun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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18
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Wu D, Kampmann E, Qian G. Novel Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750177. [PMID: 34777013 PMCID: PMC8582487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of bioactive peptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) within known mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. MDPs may affect the expression of nuclear genes and play cytoprotective roles against chronic and age-related diseases by maintaining mitochondrial function and cell viability in the face of metabolic stress and cytotoxic insults. In this review, we summarize clinical and experimental findings indicating that MDPs act as local and systemic regulators of glucose homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and adaptive stress responses, and focus on evidence supporting the protective effects of MDPs against myocardial infarction. These insights into MDPs actions suggest their potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and should encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Enny Kampmann
- School of Life Sciences, City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells suppress constituent endothelial properties and take on mesenchymal cell behaviors. To begin the process, endothelial cells loosen their cell-cell junctions, degrade the basement membrane, and migrate out into the perivascular surroundings. These initial endothelial behaviors reflect a transient modulation of cellular phenotype, that is, a phenotypic modulation, that is sometimes referred to as partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Loosening of endothelial junctions and migration are also seen in inflammatory and angiogenic settings such that endothelial cells initiating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition have overlapping behaviors and gene expression with endothelial cells responding to inflammatory signals or sprouting to form new blood vessels. Reduced endothelial junctions increase permeability, which facilitates leukocyte trafficking, whereas endothelial migration precedes angiogenic sprouting and neovascularization; both endothelial barriers and quiescence are restored as inflammatory and angiogenic stimuli subside. Complete endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition proceeds beyond phenotypic modulation such that mesenchymal characteristics become prominent and endothelial functions diminish. In proadaptive, regenerative settings the new mesenchymal cells produce extracellular matrix and contribute to tissue integrity whereas in maladaptive, pathologic settings the new mesenchymal cells become fibrotic, overproducing matrix to cause tissue stiffness, which eventually impacts function. Here we will review what is known about how TGF (transforming growth factor) β influences this continuum from junctional loosening to cellular migration and its relevance to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alvandi
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
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20
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Melatonin Attenuates Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Modulation of IP3R-Mediated Mitochondria-ER Contact. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1370862. [PMID: 34422206 PMCID: PMC8371645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1370862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the interplay between mitochondria and ER has been identified as a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis, the pathogenic impact of alterations in mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) during myocardial postischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury remains incompletely understood. Therefore, in our study, we explored the beneficial role played by melatonin in protecting cardiomyocytes against reperfusion injury via stabilizing mitochondria-ER interaction. In vitro exposure of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) augmented mitochondrial ROS synthesis, suppressed both mitochondrial potential and ATP generation, and increased the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening rate. Furthermore, H/R exposure upregulated the protein content of CHOP and caspase-12, two markers of ER stress, and enhanced the transcription of main MERCS tethering proteins, namely, Fis1, BAP31, Mfn2, and IP3R. Interestingly, all the above changes could be attenuated or reversed by melatonin treatment. Suggesting that melatonin-induced cardioprotection works through normalization of mitochondria-ER interaction, overexpression of IP3R abolished the protective actions offered by melatonin on mitochondria-ER fitness. These results expand our knowledge on the cardioprotective actions of melatonin during myocardial postischemic reperfusion damage and suggest that novel, more effective treatments for acute myocardial reperfusion injury might be achieved through modulation of mitochondria-ER interaction in cardiac cells.
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21
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Desroches-Castan A, Tillet E, Bouvard C, Bailly S. BMP9 and BMP10: two close vascular quiescence partners that stand out. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:178-197. [PMID: 34240497 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are dimeric transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) family cytokines that were first described in bone and cartilage formation but have since been shown to be involved in many pleiotropic functions. In human, there are 15 BMP ligands, which initiate their cellular signaling by forming a complex with two copies of type I receptors and two copies of type II receptors, both of which are transmembrane receptors with an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. Within this receptor family, ALK1 (Activin receptor-Like Kinase 1), which is a type I receptor mainly expressed on endothelial cells, and BMPRII (BMP Receptor type II), a type II receptor also highly expressed on endothelial cells, have been directly linked to two rare vascular diseases: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), respectively. BMP9 (gene name GDF2) and BMP10, two close members of the BMP family, are the only known ligands for the ALK1 receptor. This specificity gives them a unique role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The aim of this current review is to present an overview of what is known about BMP9 and BMP10 on vascular regulation with a particular emphasis on recent results and the many questions that remain unanswered regarding the roles and specificities between BMP9 and BMP10. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
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22
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Jiang X, Wu D, Jiang Z, Ling W, Qian G. Protective Effect of Nicorandil on Cardiac Microvascular Injury: Role of Mitochondrial Integrity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4665632. [PMID: 34285763 PMCID: PMC8275446 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4665632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A major shortcoming of postischemic therapy for myocardial infarction is the no-reflow phenomenon due to impaired cardiac microvascular function including microcirculatory barrier function, loss of endothelial activity, local inflammatory cell accumulation, and increased oxidative stress. Consequently, inadequate reperfusion of the microcirculation causes secondary ischemia, aggravating the myocardial reperfusion injury. ATP-sensitive potassium ion (KATP) channels regulate the coronary blood flow and protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies in animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion have illustrated that the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mito-KATP) channels alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces myocardial necrosis. By contrast, blocking mito-KATP channels aggravates microvascular necrosis and no-reflow phenomenon following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nicorandil, as an antianginal drug, has been used for ischemic preconditioning (IPC) due to its mito-KATP channel-opening effect, thereby limiting infarct size and subsequent severe ischemic insult. In this review, we analyze the protective actions of nicorandil against microcirculation reperfusion injury with a focus on improving mitochondrial integrity. In addition, we discuss the function of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Bouvard C, Tu L, Rossi M, Desroches-Castan A, Berrebeh N, Helfer E, Roelants C, Liu H, Ouarne M, Chaumontel N, Mallet C, Battail C, Bikfalvi A, Humbert M, Savale L, Daubon T, Perret P, Tillet E, Guignabert C, Bailly S. Different cardiovascular and pulmonary phenotypes for single- and double-knock-out mice deficient in BMP9 and BMP10. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1805-1820. [PMID: 34086873 PMCID: PMC9215199 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims BMP9 and BMP10 mutations were recently identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, but their specific roles in the pathogenesis of the disease are still unclear. We aimed to study the roles of BMP9 and BMP10 in cardiovascular homeostasis and pulmonary hypertension using transgenic mouse models deficient in Bmp9 and/or Bmp10. Methods and results Single- and double-knockout mice for Bmp9 (constitutive) and/or Bmp10 (tamoxifen inducible) were generated. Single-knock-out (KO) mice developed no obvious age-dependent phenotype when compared with their wild-type littermates. However, combined deficiency in Bmp9 and Bmp10 led to vascular defects resulting in a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and the progressive development of high-output heart failure and pulmonary hemosiderosis. RNAseq analysis of the lungs of the double-KO mice revealed differential expression of genes involved in inflammation and vascular homeostasis. We next challenged these mice to chronic hypoxia. After 3 weeks of hypoxic exposure, Bmp10-cKO mice showed an enlarged heart. However, although genetic deletion of Bmp9 in the single- and double-KO mice attenuated the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles induced by chronic hypoxia, we observed no differences in Bmp10-cKO mice. Consistent with these results, endothelin-1 levels were significantly reduced in Bmp9 deficient mice but not Bmp10-cKO mice. Furthermore, the effects of BMP9 on vasoconstriction were inhibited by bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Conclusions Our data show redundant roles for BMP9 and BMP10 in cardiovascular homeostasis under normoxic conditions (only combined deletion of both Bmp9 and Bmp10 was associated with severe defects) but highlight specific roles under chronic hypoxic conditions. We obtained evidence that BMP9 contributes to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling, whereas BMP10 plays a role in hypoxia-induced cardiac remodelling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bouvard
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Ly Tu
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nihel Berrebeh
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elise Helfer
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Roelants
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France.,Inovarion, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hequn Liu
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Ouarne
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Chaumontel
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Mallet
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Thomas Daubon
- INSERM U1029, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 33615, Pessac, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR5095, 33000, Bordeaux, France Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Perret
- Laboratory of Bioclinical Radiopharmaceutics, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
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Fazal S, Bisserier M, Hadri L. Molecular and Genetic Profiling for Precision Medicines in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030638. [PMID: 33805595 PMCID: PMC7999465 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and chronic lung disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries, which is associated with structural and functional alteration of the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within the pulmonary vasculature. Excessive vascular remodeling is, in part, responsible for high pulmonary vascular resistance and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, increasing the transpulmonary gradient and the right ventricular “pressure overload”, which may result in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure. Current technological advances in multi-omics approaches, high-throughput sequencing, and computational methods have provided valuable tools in molecular profiling and led to the identification of numerous genetic variants in PAH patients. In this review, we summarized the pathogenesis, classification, and current treatments of the PAH disease. Additionally, we outlined the latest next-generation sequencing technologies and the consequences of common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the importance of molecular genetic testing for precision medicine in PAH and the future of genomic medicines, including gene-editing technologies and gene therapies, as emerging alternative approaches to overcome genetic disorders in PAH.
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Coronary Endothelium No-Reflow Injury Is Associated with ROS-Modified Mitochondrial Fission through the JNK-Drp1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6699516. [PMID: 33613824 PMCID: PMC7878075 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery no-reflow is a complex problem in the area of reperfusion therapy, and the molecular mechanisms underlying coronary artery no-reflow injury have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored whether oxidative stress caused damage to coronary endothelial cells by inducing mitochondrial fission and activating the JNK pathway. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was induced in vitro to mimic coronary endothelial no-reflow injury, and mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial function, and endothelial cell viability were analyzed using western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. Our data indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly induced upon H/R injury, and this was followed by decreased endothelial cell viability. Mitochondrial fission was induced and mitochondrial bioenergetics were impaired in cardiac endothelial cells after H/R injury. Neutralization of ROS reduced mitochondrial fission and protected mitochondrial function against H/R injury. Our results also demonstrated that ROS stimulated mitochondrial fission via JNK-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that the ROS-JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial cell damage during H/R injury. Novel treatments for coronary no-reflow injury may involve targeting mitochondrial fission and the JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Kurakula K, Smolders VFED, Tura-Ceide O, Jukema JW, Quax PHA, Goumans MJ. Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension: Cause or Consequence? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010057. [PMID: 33435311 PMCID: PMC7827874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, complex, and progressive disease that is characterized by the abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary arteries that leads to right ventricular failure and death. Although our understanding of the causes for abnormal vascular remodeling in PAH is limited, accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is one of the first triggers initiating this process. EC dysfunction leads to the activation of several cellular signalling pathways in the endothelium, resulting in the uncontrolled proliferation of ECs, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, and eventually leads to vascular remodelling and the occlusion of the pulmonary blood vessels. Other factors that are related to EC dysfunction in PAH are an increase in endothelial to mesenchymal transition, inflammation, apoptosis, and thrombus formation. In this review, we outline the latest advances on the role of EC dysfunction in PAH and other forms of pulmonary hypertension. We also elaborate on the molecular signals that orchestrate EC dysfunction in PAH. Understanding the role and mechanisms of EC dysfunction will unravel the therapeutic potential of targeting this process in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Valérie F. E. D. Smolders
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.F.E.D.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.F.E.D.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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