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Al-Hammouri MM. The Role of Dominant Spiritual and Religious Coping Modality on Psychological Predictors Among Nursing Students. J Holist Nurs 2024:8980101241255160. [PMID: 38772631 DOI: 10.1177/08980101241255160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The current study aimed to examine the role of the dominant spiritual and religious coping modality on health-related variables and determinants, including stress overload, mindfulness, and impulsivity, among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to achieve the study goal. The authors recruited 1199 nursing students. The results showed that the mean for positive spiritual and religious coping was higher compared to negative spiritual and religious coping. Results: In the current study, 73.3% of nursing students predominantly used positive spiritual and religious coping compared to 17.6% in the neutral group and 9.1% in the negative spiritual and religious coping group. Positive spiritual and religious coping was positively correlated with mindfulness and stress overload and negatively correlated with impulsivity. According to the ANOVA results, students with positive spiritual and religious coping tended to have a significantly higher stress overload, higher mindfulness, and lower impulsivity compared to the neutral and negative spiritual and coping groups. Negative spiritual and religious coping group significantly differed from the neutral groups only in terms of impulsivity. Conclusion: The current study's findings help nursing students by determining dominant spiritual and religious coping modalities and provide valuable information in directing counseling efforts. Results and implications were discussed.
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Millender E, Harris RM, Bagneris JR, Marks LR, Barcelona V, Wong FY, Crusto CA, Taylor JY. The Cumulative Influence of Perceived Discrimination, Stress, and Coping Responses on Symptoms of Depression Among Young African American Mothers. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:322-332. [PMID: 35833679 PMCID: PMC9839894 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American women have an elevated risk for experiencing depressive symptoms, and discrimination, stress, and coping contribute to symptoms of depression. AIMS We aimed to examine the associations between discrimination, stress, and coping on symptoms of depression among young African American mothers. METHODS In this retrospective study, we utilized a hierarchical linear regression to explore the effects of perceived racial discrimination, stress, and general and discrimination-related coping responses on depressive symptoms in a sample of African American mothers (N = 250). The data were drawn from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure study (InterGEN), a study conducted between 2014 and 2019 and based in Connecticut. RESULTS After accounting for maternal age, level of education, and income, greater perceived racial discrimination (p = .03), higher levels of stress (p < .001), greater engagement in avoidance coping (p < .001), and use of passive coping responses to discrimination (p = .04) were uniquely associated with increased depressive symptoms. Other forms of coping, specifically, problem-solving and support seeking, did not appear to influence depressive symptoms in this sample. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the negative impact of discrimination, heightened stress, and maladaptive coping on the emotional health of young African American mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Millender
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Y. Wong
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn Y. Taylor
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
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Yang Z, Huang H, Li G. Status and influencing factors of work stress among nurse managers in western China: a cross-sectional survey study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:68. [PMID: 38267991 PMCID: PMC10807054 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Due to the nature of their work, nurses are more prone to experiencing psychological consequences than other healthcare workers. However, evidence on the emotional burden of nurse managers in China is limited. Furthermore, perceived organizational support has been approved that can affect mental health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the status quo and influencing factors of nurse managers' work stress, and their possible relationship with perceived organizational support, which could further provide more countermeasures to safeguard their health. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of 21 secondary and tertiary hospitals was conducted in a city in Sichuan province, Southwest China, using a convenience sampling method between October and November 2022. Data were collected using the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) and the perceived Organizational Support Scale (POSS). SPSS 23.0 was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS In total, 380 participants completed the survey. The median scores (interquartile range [IQR]) for SOS and POSS were 60.50 (50.00, 70.75) and 51.00 (44.00, 55.00), respectively. The work stress of the nurse managers was negatively correlated with perceived organizational support (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age older than 40 years, from secondary hospitals, working in emergency or pediatric wards, and professional qualification of supervisor nurse or deputy supervisor nurse, and the scores of POSS less than 51 significantly influenced the work stress of the nurse managers. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that nurse managers are more prone to work stress, and organizational support can effectively reduce this stress. Governments and hospital administrators should pay more attention to providing comprehensive strategies based on various risk factors to protect and promote psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Department of Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.12, Changjia Alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng District, 621000, Mianyang, China
| | - Huaping Huang
- Nursing Department of Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.12, Changjia Alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng District, 621000, Mianyang, China
| | - Guirong Li
- Nursing Department of Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.12, Changjia Alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng District, 621000, Mianyang, China.
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Xu JB, Zheng QX, Jiang XM, Zhuo Q, Nian JX, Wang JT. Mediating effects of social support, mental health between stress overload, fatigue and turnover intention among operating theatre nurses. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:364. [PMID: 37803427 PMCID: PMC10559401 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high rate of nurses turnover and nursing staff shortage have been an ongoing concern issue and a challenge for global health systems. To explore the turnover intention among operating theatre nurses, and to test the hypothetical model for estimating the effects of stress overload and fatigue between social support, mental health and turnover intention. DESIGN a multi-center and cross-sectional online survey. METHODS This study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 comprised 1060 operating theatre nurses from 76 Chinese hospitals. The descriptive analysis, independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the relationships among variables by the SPSS software, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to identify influencing factors of turnover intention and its dimensions among operating theatre nurses. A structural equation model was analyzed by the AMOS software. RESULTS Social support, mental health, stress overload and fatigue were important predictors of turnover intention among operating theatre nurses. Besides, stress overload positively affected fatigue, mental health and turnover intention; fatigue negatively affected social support, however, fatigue positively affected mental health; social support negatively affected mental health and turnover intention; mental health positively affected turnover intention. Moreover, social support, mental health mediated between stress overload, fatigue and turnover intention among operating theatre nurses. CONCLUSION Social support, mental health mediated between stress overload, fatigue and turnover intention among operating theatre nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Xu
- Nursing Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zheng
- Nursing Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiu-Min Jiang
- Nursing Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Qing Zhuo
- Nursing Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin-Xia Nian
- Nursing Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie-Ting Wang
- Nursing Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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Obasanya M, Igenoza O, Gupta S, McElroy K, Brannon GE, Brown K. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal and Child COVID-19 Vaccination Intent Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the USA (April-June 2020): an Application of Health Belief Model. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2540-2551. [PMID: 36352345 PMCID: PMC9645740 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated racial/ethnic differences in pregnant and postpartum women's intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccination (maternal COVID-19 vaccination intent) and intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 (child COVID-19 vaccination intent) during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-June 2020). This study also assessed Health Belief Model constructs to examine their influence on maternal and child COVID-19 vaccination intent by race/ethnicity. This study includes 489 US pregnant and postpartum women (18-49 years) recruited via Prolific Academic to complete a 55-item cross-sectional online survey. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between race/ethnicity, maternal COVID-19 vaccination intent, and child COVID-19 vaccination intent. Among pregnant women, the odds of maternal COVID-19 vaccination intent (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI: .862, 5.61) and child COVID-19 vaccination intent (aOR = .194, 95% CI: .066, .565) among NH Black women were statistically significantly lower than that of NH White women after adjustment for demographic, health, and health belief model variables. Among postpartum women, although some racial differences in maternal or child COVID-19 vaccination intent were observed, these differences were not statistically significant in unadjusted and adjusted models. The findings have implications for future research and interventions which should adopt a racial health equity lens and identify strategies grounded in institutional trustworthiness and systems perspectives to address racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination intent among pregnant and postpartum women during novel pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Obasanya
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 W. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin McElroy
- Maternal and Child Health Epidemiologist, Division of Epidemiology and Health Information, Tarrant County Public Health, 1101 S. Main Street, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Grace E Brannon
- Department of Communication, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 W. Greek Row Drive, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Kyrah Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 W. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Jin Y, Cui F, Wang R, Chen S, Hu L, Yao M, Wu H. Stress overload, influencing factors, and psychological experiences of nurse managers during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a sequential explanatory mixed method study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1187433. [PMID: 37457089 PMCID: PMC10348901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare systems had an exceptionally difficult time during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse managers in particular made enormous contributions to ensuring the safety of patients and front-line nurses while being under excessive psychological stress. However, little is known about their experiences during this time. Objective The aim of this study was thus to assess the level of stress overload and psychological feelings of nurse managers during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A mixed methods sequential explanatory design study with non-random convenience sampling was performed, following the STROBE and COREQ checklists. The study was conducted at the Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, with data collected from six provinces in southern China (Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan and Jiangxi) during March 2020 and June 2020. A total of 966 nurse managers completed the Stress Overload Scale and Work-Family Support Scale. In addition, a nested sample of nurse managers participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data were then analyzed using qualitative content analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results The quantitative results showed that nurse managers experienced a moderate level of stress load. There was a significant negative correlation between work-family support and stress load (r = -0.551, p < 0.01). Concerns about protecting front-line nurses and work-family support were the main factors affecting the stress load, which accounted for 34.0% of the total variation. Qualitative analysis identified four main thematic analyses that explained stress load: (1) great responsibility and great stress, (2) unprecedented stress-induced stress response, (3) invisible stress: the unknown was even more frightening, and (4) stress relief from love and support. Taken together these findings indicate that concern about protecting front-line nurses and negative work-family support of nurse managers were the main factors causing stress overload. Conclusion Implementing measures focused on individual psychological adjustment combined with community and family support and belongingness is one potential strategy to reduce psychological stress among nurse managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundan Jin
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Rongting Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Shuainan Chen
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Lina Hu
- School of Health Management, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Meiqi Yao
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
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Gerbarg PL, Dickson F, Conte VA, Brown RP. Breath-centered virtual mind-body medicine reduces COVID-related stress in women healthcare workers of the Regional Integrated Support for Education in Northern Ireland: a single group study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199819. [PMID: 37377478 PMCID: PMC10291294 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers endured prolonged stress affecting their psychological well-being. Objectives: (1) Evaluate the effects of the Breath-Body-Mind Introductory Course (BBMIC) on COVID-related stress among employees of the Regional Integrated Support for Education, Northern Ireland, (2) Reduce the risk of adverse effects from COVID-related stress, and (3) Evaluate the effects of BBMIC on indicators of psychophysiological states and the consistency with hypothesized mechanisms of action. Methods In this single group study, a convenience sample of 39 female healthcare workers completed informed consent and baseline measures: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress Overload Scale-Short (SOS-S), and Exercise-Induced Feelings Inventory (EFI). Following the online BBMIC 4 h/day for 3 days and the 6 week solo (20 min/day) and group practice (45 min weekly), repeat testing plus the Indicators of Psychophysiological State (IPSS) and Program Evaluation were obtained. Results Baseline (T1) mean PSS score was significantly elevated compared to a normative sample: PSS = 18.2 vs. 13.7 (p < 0.001) and improved significantly 11 weeks post-BBMIC (T4). SOS-S mean score declined from 10.7(T1) to 9.7 at 6 week post-test (T3). The SOS-S proportion of High Risk scores found in 22/29 participants (T1), dropped to 7/29 (T3). EFI mean subscale scores improved significantly from T1 to T2 and T3 for Revitalization (p < 0.001); Exhaustion (p < 0.002); and Tranquility (p < 0.001); but not Engagement (p < 0.289). Conclusion Among RISE NI healthcare workers affected by COVID-related stress, participation in the BBMIC significantly reduced scores for Perceived Stress, Stress Overload, and Exhaustion. EFI Revitalization and Tranquility scores significantly improved. More than 60% of participants reported moderate to very strong improvements in 22 indicators of psychophysiological state, e.g., tension, mood, sleep, mental focus, anger, connectedness, awareness, hopefulness, and empathy. These results are consistent with the hypothesized mechanisms of action whereby voluntarily regulated breathing exercises change interoceptive messaging to brain regulatory networks that shift psychophysiological states of distress and defense to states of calmness and connection. These positive findings warrant validation in larger, controlled studies to extend the understanding of how breath-centered Mind-body Medicine practices could mitigate adverse effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. Gerbarg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Felicity Dickson
- Regional Integrated Support for Education, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent A. Conte
- Management Department, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Richard P. Brown
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
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Gu L, Liu F, Wang J, Li J, Wei J, Xu J. Stress load and volunteer motivation of patient volunteers in Fangcang shelter hospitals in Shanghai, China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066930. [PMID: 37015786 PMCID: PMC10083531 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the volunteer motivation and stress load of patient volunteers in the Fangcang shelter hospitals (FSHs), examine their associations, and explore the potential influence factors of volunteer motivation. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey conducted from 21 April to 20 May 2022. SETTING Questionnaires were collected from patient volunteers selected by random cluster sampling in the FSHs in Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS 197 participants who met the inclusion criteria as patients who were asymptomatic or presenting with mild symptoms in the FSHs and who volunteered to assist with routine work under quarantined settings. OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated sociodemographic information, stress load and volunteer motivation through an online survey using the Volunteer Function Inventory and the Stress Overload Scale. Comparisons between groups were conducted by applying t-tests or analysis of variance. The correlation between volunteer motivation and stress was analysed by Pearson correlation. Influencing factors of volunteer motivation were determined by multivariable linear regression models. A value of p<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS The mean score of volunteer motivation of patient volunteers was 73.24 (SD 12.00), while that of stress load was 46.08 (SD 21.28). The mean scores of the personal vulnerability (PV) and event load (EL), two dimensions of stress load, were 26.99 (SD 12.46) and 19.09 (SD 9.63), respectively. The majority of the participants (136, 69.04%) were grouped in the low (PV)-low (EL) stress category. Participants' volunteer motivation was negatively correlated with stress load (r=-0.238, p<0.001), as well as PV (r=-0.188, p<0.01) and EL (r=-0.283, p<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis identified that the potential influencing factors of volunteer motivation were occupation (B=1.100, 95% CI 0.037 to 2.164, p=0.043), health condition (B=-3.302, 95% CI -5.287 to -1.317, p<0.001) and EL (B=-0.434, 95% CI -0.756 to -0.111, p=0.009). Participants who worked in the public sector, had better health conditions and had lower EL were more likely to have higher volunteer motivation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that reducing stress load might be a possible pathway to encourage and maintain volunteerism in the FSH context. Implications and suggestions for future research on patient volunteer recruitment and management could be drawn from our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, 200052 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengmei Liu
- Nursing Department, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, 200052 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Nursing Department, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, 200052 Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, 200052 Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Neurology, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, 200052 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Xu
- NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, 200052 Shanghai, China
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Perez NB, D'Eramo Melkus G, Wright F, Yu G, Vorderstrasse AA, Sun YV, Crusto CA, Taylor JY. Latent Class Analysis of Depressive Symptom Phenotypes Among Black/African American Mothers. Nurs Res 2023; 72:93-102. [PMID: 36729771 PMCID: PMC9992148 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a growing global problem with significant individual and societal costs. Despite their consequences, depressive symptoms are poorly recognized and undertreated because wide variation in symptom presentation limits clinical identification-particularly among African American (AA) women-an understudied population at an increased risk of health inequity. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to explore depressive symptom phenotypes among AA women and examine associations with epigenetic, cardiometabolic, and psychosocial factors. METHODS This cross-sectional, retrospective analysis included self-reported Black/AA mothers from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure study (data collected in 2015-2020). Clinical phenotypes were identified using latent class analysis. Bivariate logistic regression examined epigenetic age, cardiometabolic traits (i.e., body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , hypertension, or diabetes), and psychosocial variables as predictors of class membership. RESULTS All participants were Black/AA and predominantly non-Hispanic. Over half of the sample had one or more cardiometabolic traits. Two latent classes were identified (low vs. moderate depressive symptoms). Somatic and self-critical symptoms characterized the moderate symptom class. Higher stress overload scores significantly predicted moderate-symptom class membership. DISCUSSION In this sample of AA women with increased cardiometabolic burden, increased stress was associated with depressive symptoms that standard screening tools may not capture. Research examining the effect of specific stressors and the efficacy of tools to identify at-risk AA women are urgently needed to address disparities and mental health burdens.
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Gu L, Chang J, Wang J, Feng P, Xu H. Stress load of Chinese nurses in Fangcang Shelter Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1048358. [PMID: 36703822 PMCID: PMC9873243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1048358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected Shanghai, China, from March to June 2022. Numbers of Fangcang Shelter Hospitals (FSHs) were conversed from stadiums and exhibition centers to tackle the pandemic. This study aimed to identify the stress load profiles of nurses working in FSHs and explore the characteristics and factors influencing stress load profiles. Totally, 609 out of 700 FSH nurses (with an effective response rate of 87%) participated in an online survey investigating their socio-demographic information, work-related stressors, and stress load. Results of the latent profile analysis identified four classes of stress load, which were labeled as the low (Class 1), mild (Class 2), moderate (Class 3), and high (Class 4) stress load class. Maternity status and self-perceived health condition were significantly different between the four stress load classes by comparisons using the Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The contributors to the stress load profiles were determined by the multinomial logistic regression analysis, including age, education, maternity status, self-perceived health condition, working time in FSHs, and the four dimensions of work-related stressors. Participants who were less healthy (OR = 0.045, 95% CI:0.012,0.171), worked longer time in FSHs (OR = 40.483, 95% CI: 12.103,135.410), faced with more workload (OR = 3.664, 95% CI: 1.047,12.815), and worse working environment (OR = 12.274, 95% CI: 3.029,49.729) were more likely to be classified to the high stress load class. The task arrangement and working environment for FSH nurses should be optimized, and psychological training should be conducted routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, 905th Hospital of the PLA Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chang
- Nursing Department, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Chang ✉
| | - Ji Wang
- Nursing Department, 905th Hospital of the PLA Navy, Shanghai, China,Ji Wang ✉
| | - Ping Feng
- Nursing Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Pate AN, Reed BN, Cain J, Schlesselman L. Improving and Expanding Research on Burnout and Stress in the Academy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:ajpe8907. [PMID: 35094980 PMCID: PMC10159596 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To conduct an integrative review of existing literature evaluating burnout and stress to identify reliable, valid, psychometrically sound survey instruments that are frequently used in published studies and to provide best practices in conducting burnout and stress research within academic pharmacy.Findings. We reviewed 491 articles and found 11 validated reliable surveys to be most frequently cited in the literature that can be used in future burnout and stress research. We also noted frequent misunderstandings and misuse of burnout and stress terminology along with inappropriate measurement. Additionally, we identified a variety of useful websites during the review. Lastly, we identified a relative dearth of published research evaluating organizational solutions to burnout and stress beyond personal factors, ie, resilience.Summary. Burnout and stress among student pharmacists, faculty, and staff is an important research area that necessitates more robust, rigorous evaluation using validated reliable surveys with appropriate contextualization within psychological frameworks and theory. Future research evaluating organizational-level attempts to remedy sources of burnout and stress is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Pate
- The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Brent N Reed
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff Cain
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lauren Schlesselman
- University of Connecticut, Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning, Storrs, Connecticut
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Leksy K, Wójciak M, Gawron G, Muster R, Dadaczynski K, Okan O. Work-Related Stress of Polish School Principals during the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Risk Factor for Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:805. [PMID: 36613126 PMCID: PMC9820090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has influenced educational systems worldwide. School principals coped with numerous significant challenges regarding school management during the epidemiological crisis that could generate a lot of work-related stress. Thus, the presented study examines Polish school principals' perceived stress and its association with exhaustion and psychosomatic complaints as burnout risk indicators. Principals' gender and age as sociodemographic control variables were also considered in this paper. METHODS A cross-sectional online study was conducted in eight provinces of Poland from June to December 2021. The study was part of a global COVID-HL school principal survey under the global COVID-Health Literacy Research Network. Two subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (perceived helplessness [PH] and perceived self-efficacy [PSE]) were considered independent variables in relation to school principals' mental and physical exhaustion and psychosomatic complaints. Regression models consisting of two equations were used to test the relationship between variables. The first equation consists of the control variables (age, gender), and in the second equation, the independent variables (PH and PSE) were included in addition to the control variables. RESULTS Almost 50% of school principals experienced a lack of control that caused anger and stress. Mental and physical exhaustion during the pandemic was often or always felt by 30% of respondents. Nearly half of Polish school principals experienced psychosomatic complaints in the form of muscle pain and headaches. PH, to a greater extent than PSE, was associated with mental and physical exhaustion and psychosomatic complaints. With age, the level of psychosomatic complaints and mental and physical exhaustion decreases, but it was higher among women. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between exhaustion and mental health outcomes, even after controlling for demographic variables Conclusion: This study showed that almost half of Polish school principals indicated a high frequency of perceived stress during the pandemic. PH was more substantially associated with mental and physical exhaustion in younger female principals than PSE. Younger female school principals reported more exhaustion and psychosomatic complaints. This finding should be the baseline information for policymakers to improve the wellbeing of Polish school principals and prevent the risk of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Leksy
- Institute of Pedagogy, Department of Social Science, University of Silesia, 40-126 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wójciak
- Department of Digital Economy Research, University of Economics, 40-287 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gawron
- Institute of Sociology, Department of Social Science, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Muster
- Institute of Sociology, Department of Social Science, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kevin Dadaczynski
- Department of Health Science, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36039 Fulda, Germany
- Center for Applied Health Science, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Orkan Okan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
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Kalinowski J, Huang Y, Rivas MA, Barcelona V, Wright ML, Crusto C, Spruill T, Sun YV, Taylor JY. Stress Overload and DNA Methylation in African American Women in the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221126314. [PMID: 36246163 PMCID: PMC9554129 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221126314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Experiencing psychosocial stress is associated with poor health outcomes such as hypertension and obesity, which are risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease. African American women experience disproportionate risk for cardiovascular disease including exposure to high levels of psychosocial stress. We hypothesized that psychosocial stress, such as perceived stress overload, may influence epigenetic marks, specifically DNA methylation (DNAm), that contribute to increased risk for cardiovascular disease in African American women. Methods: We conducted an epigenome-wide study evaluating the relationship of psychosocial stress and DNAm among African American mothers from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) cohort. Linear mixed effects models were used to explore the epigenome-wide associations with the Stress Overload Scale (SOS), which examines self-reported past-week stress, event load and personal vulnerability. Results: In total, n = 228 participants were included in our analysis. After adjusting for known epigenetic confounders, we did not identify any DNAm sites associated with maternal report of stress measured by SOS after controlling for multiple comparisons. Several of the top differentially methylated CpG sites related to SOS score (P < 1 × 10−5), mapped to genes of unknown significance for hypertension or heart disease, namely, PXDNL and C22orf42. Conclusions: This study provides foundational knowledge for future studies examining epigenetic associations with stress and other psychosocial measures in African Americans, a key area for growth in epigenetics. Future studies including larger sample sizes and replication data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolaade Kalinowski
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA,Jolaade Kalinowski, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT 06279-1248, USA.
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin A Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Barcelona
- Columbia University School of Nursing and Center for Research on People of Color, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Tanya Spruill
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Y Taylor
- Columbia University School of Nursing and Center for Research on People of Color, New York, NY, USA
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Al-Hammouri MM, Rababah JA, Alfurjani AM. Factors influencing mindfulness among Jordanian nurses: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:3386-3392. [PMID: 36073549 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness has been associated with various work-related variables. Studies examining mindfulness antecedents in nurses are scarce. AIM The current study aimed to examine if work-related factors, psychological variables, and selected demographics predict mindfulness among Jordanian nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 173 nurses currently employed in three major referral hospitals. A demographic questionnaire and instruments to collect data about nursing mindfulness, depression, stress, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict were used. RESULTS The bivariate analysis showed that all study variables combinations were significant except for the correlation between income and mindfulness. The best fit model showed that only four variables significantly contributed to the model: depression, stress, family-work conflict, and educational level. These variables explained 57 percent of the variance in mindfulness in our sample. CONCLUSIONS Depression, stress, family-work conflict, and educational levels contributed to mindfulness levels in Jordanian nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers should be aware of the factors that may affect their employees' mindfulness levels and target these factors through the application of evidence-based interventions to improve nurses' levels of mindfulness, which in turn will mitigate the negative impact of lower levels of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jehad A Rababah
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aida M Alfurjani
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Amirkhan JH, Vandenbelt AB. Marriage and health: exploring the role of stress overload. ANXIETY, STRESS, & COPING 2022; 36:398-413. [PMID: 36067057 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between marital status and health is well-established, but its causes remain unclear. This study was the first to examine stress overload, the pathogenic form of stress, as a possible explanation. DESIGN The study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sample to explore relationships among stress overload, marital status, social support, and illness. METHODS A diverse sample (n = 455), recruited from community and social media sites, completed an anonymous online survey. Included were standardized measures of stress overload (SOS-S), perceived social support (MSPSS), and somatic symptoms (PHQ-15). RESULTS Married participants reported lower stress overload levels than those in any other type of relationship (single, in-a-relationship, or cohabiting). They did not differ from the unmarried in overall level of social support, nor did statistically controlling social support or income levels erase the stress overload differential. They also reported lower levels of symptomology than the unmarried. SEM analyses yielded a best-fitting model showing stress overload to partially mediate the link between marital status and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Stress overload is one mechanism that explains the marital health disparity, albeit not the only one. This holds implications for future research and practice focused on personal relationships and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Amirkhan
- Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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16
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Condon EM, Barcelona V, Ibrahim BB, Crusto CA, Taylor JY. Racial Discrimination, Mental Health, and Parenting Among African American Mothers of Preschool-Aged Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:402-412. [PMID: 34153495 PMCID: PMC8683578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indirect exposure to racism experienced by a caregiver (ie, vicarious racism) is associated with poor outcomes for children, but mechanisms of vicarious racism transmission are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between experiences of racial discrimination and parenting among African American mothers and to identify psychological mediators and moderators of this relationship. METHOD African American mothers (N = 250) with young children (mean age = 3.7 years old) reported on perceived racial discrimination (Race-Related Events Scale), parenting (Parenting Stress Index, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire), coping (Coping Strategies Index), and mental health (Stress Overload Scale, Beck Depression Inventory). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between perceived racial discrimination and parenting and to test coping as a moderator of these relationships. Ordinary least-squares regression-based path analysis with bootstrapping was used to examine mediation by stress overload and depressive symptoms. RESULTS At least one experience of racial discrimination was reported by 57% of women. Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with increased parenting stress (β = 0.69, p = .02), and this relationship was mediated by stress overload (95% CI [0.35, 1.09]) and depressive symptoms (95% CI [0.27, 1.18]). Racial discrimination was not associated with parenting styles, and coping strategies largely did not moderate the relationships examined. CONCLUSION Racial discrimination has harmful intergenerational effects on African American children and families. Systemic-level interventions are needed, including adoption of policies to promote racial justice and eliminate structural racism in the United States. Future research on coping strategies specific to racism-related stress is needed to inform approaches to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacquelyn Y. Taylor
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York
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17
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Cejalvo E, Martí-Vilar M, Merino-Soto C, Aguirre-Morales MT. Caregiving Role and Psychosocial and Individual Factors: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1690. [PMID: 34946416 PMCID: PMC8700856 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking care of a person with a physical disability can become a challenge for caregivers as they must combine the task of caring with their personal and daily needs. The aim of this study was to assess the impact that taking care of a person who needs support has on caregivers and to analyze certain characteristics they present, such as self-esteem and resilience. To that end, a bibliographic review was carried out from 1985, when the first article of taking care of a person who needs support was published, to 2020 (inclusive), in the databases of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Pubmed, Eric, Psycinfo, and Embase. The search yielded a total of (n = 37) articles subject to review, following the guidelines established in the PRISMA declaration. The results show that caregiving was highly overburdening and negatively affected the physical condition and the psychological and mental states of caregivers. In addition, certain psychological characteristics present in caregivers such as having high self-esteem and being resilient were found to act as protective factors against the caregiving burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cejalvo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Martí-Vilar
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Psychology Research Institute, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 34, Peru
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de Witte M, Kooijmans R, Hermanns M, van Hooren S, Biesmans K, Hermsen M, Stams GJ, Moonen X. Self-Report Stress Measures to Assess Stress in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities-A Scoping Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:742566. [PMID: 34759870 PMCID: PMC8573329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has a major negative impact on the development of psychopathology and contributes to the onset of adverse physical conditions. Timely recognition and monitoring of stress-related problems are therefore important, especially in client populations that are more vulnerable to stress, such as people with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Recent research on the use of physiological measures to assess stress levels emphasize that, in addition to these measures, self-report instruments are necessary to gain insight into the individual perception and impact of stress on daily life. However, there is no current overview of self-report stress measures that focus on the experience of stress in the present moment or in daily life. To provide an overview of the existing self-report stress measures for clinicians and researchers, a scoping review was conducted. In addition, to advise clinical professionals on the use of self-report measures of stress for people with MID, the results of an expert consultation were used to refine the preliminary findings. A systematic scoping literature search resulted in a total of 13 self-reported stress measures that met the final inclusion criteria, of which three were developed specifically for assessing stress in adults with MID (GAS-ID, LI, and SAS-ID). For each included self-report stress measure, the psychometric quality, assessment procedure, and suitability for adults with MID were reported. These were supplemented by the findings from the expert consultation. Implications for clinical practice on the use of self-report stress measures, particularly for people with MID, are discussed. Recommendations for future research and development are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina de Witte
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Stevig, Expert Centre for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands
| | - Roel Kooijmans
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, Netherlands
| | - Maria Hermanns
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Kim Biesmans
- Stevig, Expert Centre for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Hermsen
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Moonen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, Netherlands
- Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Kalinowski J, Kaur K, Newsome-Garcia V, Langford A, Kalejaiye A, Vieira D, Izeogu C, Blanc J, Taylor J, Ogedegbe O, Spruill T. Stress interventions and hypertension in Black women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 17:17455065211009751. [PMID: 34254559 PMCID: PMC8280834 DOI: 10.1177/17455065211009751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Black women have high
rates of hypertension compared to women of other racial or ethnic groups and are
disproportionately affected by psychosocial stressors such as racial
discrimination, gender discrimination, and caregiving stress. Evidence suggests
that stress is associated with incident hypertension and hypertension risk.
Stress management is associated with improvements improved blood pressure
outcomes. The purpose of this review is to synthesize evidence on effects of
stress management interventions on blood pressure in Black women. A
comprehensive search of scientific databases was conducted. Inclusion criteria
included studies that were: (1) primary research that tested an intervention;
(2) in the English language; (3) included African-American women; (4)
incorporated stress in the intervention; (5) included blood pressure as an
outcome; and (6) were US based. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Ten
(56%) studies tested meditation-based interventions, two (11%) tested coping and
affirmation interventions, and six (33%) tested lifestyle modification
interventions that included stress management content. Thirteen of the studies
were randomized controlled trials. Reductions in blood pressure were observed in
all of the meditation-based interventions, although the magnitude and
statistical significance varied. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions were also
efficacious for reducing blood pressure, although the relative contribution of
stress management versus behavior modification could not be evaluated. Coping
and affirmation interventions did not affect blood pressure. Most of the
reviewed studies included small numbers of Black women and did not stratify
results by race and gender, so effects remain unclear. This review highlights
the urgent need for studies specifically focusing on Black women. Given the
extensive disparities in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, whether
stress management can lower blood pressure and improve primary and secondary
cardiovascular disease prevention among Black women is an important question for
future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolaade Kalinowski
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kiran Kaur
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aisha Langford
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dorice Vieira
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chigozirim Izeogu
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judite Blanc
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Olugbenga Ogedegbe
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanya Spruill
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Randomized pilot study exploring an online pre-composed receptive music experience and a mindfulness-based intervention for hospice workers’ stress and professional quality of life. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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The Association Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Cardiovascular Health Risk Among Black/African American Women in the InterGEN Study. Nurs Res 2021; 70:S3-S12. [PMID: 34074961 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black/African American women in the United States are more likely to live in neighborhoods with higher social vulnerability than other racial/ethnic groups, even when adjusting for personal income. Social vulnerability, defined as the degree to which the social conditions of a community affect its ability to prevent loss and suffering in the event of disaster, has been used in research as an objective measure of neighborhood social vulnerability. Black/African American women also have the highest rates of hypertension and obesity in the United States. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood social vulnerability and cardiovascular risk (hypertension and obesity) among Black/African American women. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the InterGEN Study that enrolled Black/African American women in the Northeast United States. Participants' addresses were geocoded to ascertain neighborhood vulnerability using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index at the census tract level. We used multivariable regression models to examine associations between objective measures of neighborhood quality and indicators of structural racism and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and obesity (body mass index > 24.9) and to test psychological stress, coping, and depression as potential moderators of these relationships. RESULTS Seventy-four percent of participating Black/African American women lived in neighborhoods in the top quartile for social vulnerability nationally. Women living in the top 10% of most socially vulnerable neighborhoods in our sample had more than a threefold greater likelihood of hypertension when compared to those living in less vulnerable neighborhoods. Objective neighborhood measures of structural racism (percentage of poverty, percentage of unemployment, percentage of residents >25 years old without a high school diploma, and percentage of residents without access to a vehicle) were significantly associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure and obesity in adjusted models. Psychological stress had a significant moderating effect on the associations between neighborhood vulnerability and cardiovascular risk. DISCUSSION We identified important associations between structural racism, the neighborhood environment, and cardiovascular health among Black/African American women. These findings add to a critical body of evidence documenting the role of structural racism in perpetuating health inequities and highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to policy, research, and interventions to address racial health inequities.
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Marcus D, King A, Yazbek J, Hughes C, Ghaem-Maghami S. Anxiety and stress in women with suspected endometrial cancer: Survey and paired observational study. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1393-1400. [PMID: 33855785 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the anxiety and stress levels of women with suspected endometrial cancer and factors affecting this. METHODS Prospective survey and paired observational study of consecutive women with suspected endometrial cancer in a rapid access gynaecology clinic. Structured questionnaire including a GAD-7 anxiety test and a modified stress thermometer were used. Patients ranked their perception of a cancer diagnosis on 0-5 Likert scale (0 = confident not cancer and 5 = cancer). Patients requiring an endometrial tissue biopsy were asked to rank their pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS), this was paired with the survey results. RESULTS 250 patients completed the study and 23 of which underwent an endometrial tissue biopsy. The median age was 50-59 years old and 59% of women spoke English as their first language. 32% of patients had significant levels of anxiety with GAD-7 score ≥10. The median stress score was three out of five on Likert scale. GAD-7 anxiety scores were higher in women who perceived that they received insufficient information prior to clinic (sufficient information 5 vs. insufficient information 9.5, P = 0.00036) or had a disability (disability 9 vs. no disability 5.5, P = 0.00374). The median VAS score from the biopsies was seven out of 10 (range 1-10). Patients with higher anxiety levels (GAD-7 scores) were more likely to believe they had cancer P <0.00001. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm high levels of anxiety and stress in women with suspected endometrial cancer. Adequate pre-clinic information is essential, particularly for minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcus
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Gynaecological Cancer Services, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex King
- Gynaecological Cancer Services, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph Yazbek
- Gynaecological Cancer Services, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cathy Hughes
- Gynaecological Cancer Services, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Gynaecological Cancer Services, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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König A, Riviere K, Linz N, Lindsay H, Elbaum J, Fabre R, Derreumaux A, Robert P. Measuring Stress in Health Professionals Over the Phone Using Automatic Speech Analysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Pilot Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24191. [PMID: 33739930 PMCID: PMC8057197 DOI: 10.2196/24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals have been directly confronted with the suffering of patients and their families. By making them main actors in the management of this health crisis, they have been exposed to various psychosocial risks (stress, trauma, fatigue, etc). Paradoxically, stress-related symptoms are often underreported in this vulnerable population but are potentially detectable through passive monitoring of changes in speech behavior. Objective This study aims to investigate the use of rapid and remote measures of stress levels in health professionals working during the COVID-19 outbreak. This was done through the analysis of participants’ speech behavior during a short phone call conversation and, in particular, via positive, negative, and neutral storytelling tasks. Methods Speech samples from 89 health care professionals were collected over the phone during positive, negative, and neutral storytelling tasks; various voice features were extracted and compared with classical stress measures via standard questionnaires. Additionally, a regression analysis was performed. Results Certain speech characteristics correlated with stress levels in both genders; mainly, spectral (ie, formant) features, such as the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient, and prosodic characteristics, such as the fundamental frequency, appeared to be sensitive to stress. Overall, for both male and female participants, using vocal features from the positive tasks for regression yielded the most accurate prediction results of stress scores (mean absolute error 5.31). Conclusions Automatic speech analysis could help with early detection of subtle signs of stress in vulnerable populations over the phone. By combining the use of this technology with timely intervention strategies, it could contribute to the prevention of burnout and the development of comorbidities, such as depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra König
- Stars Team, Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique, Valbonne, France
| | - Kevin Riviere
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Hali Lindsay
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia Elbaum
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Roxane Fabre
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Derreumaux
- CoBteK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, La Fédération de Recherche Interventions en Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- CoBteK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, La Fédération de Recherche Interventions en Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Amirkhan JH, Velasco SE. Stress overload and the new nightmare for Dreamers. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:67-73. [PMID: 31478808 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1652182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To determine if, following threats to DACA policies, Dreamer college students experienced greater stress overload, more symptoms, and worse grades than their classmates. Participants: Students (n = 424) from a large public university, including Dreamers (n = 64), participated between March 2017 and June 2018. Methods: Students completed an anonymous online survey containing self-report measures of stress overload, symptoms, grades, and background characteristics. Results: Dreamers reported significantly higher levels of stress overload than did other students, including minorities and immigrants. Dreamers reported more somatic symptoms but not lower grades than other students-outcomes mediated, wholly or partially, by stress overload. Conclusion: Findings document the health toll of current politics on Dreamers, and indicate disproportionate stress overload as a reason. They also attest to Dreamer "grit" in maintaining grades nevertheless. Implications include the need for proactive support by universities and broader social policy change to restore well-being to these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Amirkhan
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Sarah E Velasco
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
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Caceres BA, Barcelona V, Crusto C, Taylor JY. Exploring Psychosocial Mediators of the Associations of Lifetime Trauma and Body Mass Index in African American Women. Health Equity 2020; 4:542-548. [PMID: 34095701 PMCID: PMC8175258 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study sought to examine the association between lifetime trauma (i.e., childhood, adulthood, and cumulative) and body mass index (BMI) and if this association was mediated by psychosocial factors (i.e., depressive symptoms and stress) in a sample of African American women. Methods: We examined lifetime trauma among African American women in the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study (InterGEN) study. We conducted mediation analyses with bootstrapping to assess the direct and indirect effects of increasing forms of trauma across the lifespan on BMI. Depressive symptoms and stress were examined as mediators of these associations. Results: The analytic sample included 138 women with a mean age of 31.9 years. Approximately half of women reported any childhood trauma (47.8%) and more than half (73.2%) reported any adulthood trauma. The direct effects of all forms of trauma were associated with greater depressive symptoms. Only lifetime trauma was associated with higher stress overload (B=2.40, standard error [SE]=1.12, p<0.05). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher BMI in all models. The indirect effects of adulthood trauma (B=0.60, SE=0.20, p<0.01) and lifetime trauma (B=0.53, SE=0.20, p<0.01) on BMI were partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings indicate that depressive symptoms mediate the associations between adulthood and lifetime trauma with BMI. Interventions aimed at reducing elevated BMI in African American women should account for the influence of depressive symptoms. Future research should replicate these analyses in other samples of African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy A Caceres
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cindy Crusto
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Y Taylor
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
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Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Pang H, Liao C, Wang N, Tao P, Huang H. Anxiety of Nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 Epidemic and its Correlation With Work Stress and Self-efficacy. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:397-405. [PMID: 33141987 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the anxiety of nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and explore relevant influencing factors. BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak poses a major threat to public health worldwide. Nurses play an important role in this epidemic. However, available data on the mental health among these nurses are limited. DESIGN A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed. METHODS An online questionnaire was completed by 200 nurses who went to Wuhan to help to fight against COVID-19 from another province. Data collection tools include the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Descriptive, single-factor correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in exploring related influencing factors. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines. RESULTS The scores of SAS, SOS and GSES range from 20 to 80, 22 to 110 and 10 to 40, respectively, and the SAS (31.79 ± 7.32) and SOS (40.19 ± 12.92) and GSES scores (24.83 ± 6.60) were obtained. Anxiety was positively correlated with stress (r = .679, p < .001) but negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r = -.326, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that professional qualification, sleep, stress and self-efficacy were the main factors affecting nurse anxiety (p = .006, <.001, <.001, .039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 were under a low level of anxiety. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The current study suggests work stress reduction might be a key factor in reducing anxiety and maintaining mental health to support nurses who are fighting against COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Mo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lan Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Lang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - He Pang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | | | - Pinyue Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huiqiao Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Marroquín B, Vine V, Morgan R. Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of stay-at-home policies, social distancing behavior, and social resources. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113419. [PMID: 32861098 PMCID: PMC7439968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social distancing is the most visible public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but its implications for mental health are unknown. In a nationwide online sample of 435 U.S. adults, conducted in March 2020 as the pandemic accelerated and states implemented stay-at-home orders, we examined whether stay-at-home orders and individuals' personal distancing behavior were associated with symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), intrusive thoughts, insomnia, and acute stress. Stay-at-home order status and personal distancing were independently associated with higher symptoms, beyond protective effects of available social resources (social support and social network size). A subsample of 118 participants who had completed symptom measures earlier in the outbreak (February 2020) showed increases in depression and GAD between February and March, and personal distancing behavior was associated with these increases. Findings suggest that there are negative mental health correlates of social distancing, which should be addressed in research, policy, and clinical approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Marroquín
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States.
| | - Vera Vine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Reed Morgan
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
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Huang J, Yang L, Qi H, Zhu Y, Zhang M. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the End-of-Life Decision-Making and Staff Stress Questionnaire. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2020; 20:271-281. [PMID: 32994800 PMCID: PMC7501447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The goal of this study is to establish a Chinese version of the End-of-Life Decision Making and Associated Staff Stress Questionnaire to assess its reliability and validity. Method A sample of 119 Intensive Care Unit physicians and 485 nurses in China completed the questionnaire, along with questionnaires assessing motional exhaustion subscale, Stress Overload Scale, and other variables associated with end-of-life decision. Results Seven factors obtained via exploratory factor analysis could explain 70.61% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an acceptable model fit with Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) being .078 and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) being .066. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was provided by positive or negative correlations between the questionnaire subscales and emotional exhaustion, stress overload, and other variables associated with end-of-life decision. The average content validity index was .96. The Cronbach’s α and test–retest reliability was outstanding. Conclusions The Chinese version of the End-of-Life Decision Making and Associated Staff Stress Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the facilitators and hinders to facilitate the end-of-life decision-making, communication and the associated pressure perceived by relevant Intensive Care Unit medical staff among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Huang
- Postanesthesia Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Nursing Education Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
- Corresponding author at: Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310016 China.
| | - Haiou Qi
- Nursing Education Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yiting Zhu
- Postanesthesia Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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29
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: The incidence of novel coronavirus infection across the globe has been uneven, hitting some population subgroups harder than others. Media coverage has proffered explanations for this differential vulnerability, but psychosocial risk factors have been largely ignored. In contrast, multiple theories, medical and psychological, point to one psychosocial factor - stress - as important to the etiology of disease. They also agree that pathogenic stress arises from the particular circumstance in which adaptational demands overwhelm a person's resources, creating "stress overload" that deregulates normal functioning and increases susceptibility to illness. Assessment of stress overload is proposed as essential to understanding viral spread in the current pandemic.Methods: Studies are reviewed explicating (1) stress overload theories and relevant empirical evidence, (2) construction of a stress overload measure and related validity evidence.Results: Findings support the role of stress overload in illness and the accuracy of the measure in predicting illness.Conclusion: It is concluded that assessment of stress overload may help to explain the observed coronavirus disparities, and to identify populations at risk for imminent infection. The 10-item Stress Overload Scale-Short is offered as a potentially useful tool for researchers and clinicians working to map, and stem, the proliferation of coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Amirkhan
- Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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30
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Cassie KM, Miller-Cribbs J, Smith A. An exploratory study of factors associated with social isolation and loneliness in a community sample. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2020; 59:485-498. [PMID: 32783600 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2020.1795780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Individuals across a wide variety of demographies find themselves suffering from social isolation or loneliness. Both of these conditions have been associated with a variety of negative outcomes including poor physical, mental and social health. Based on data collected from a sample of 420 individuals from a community in the South Western US, this research reports on conditions associated with social isolation and loneliness. Results of regression analysis indicate sex, stress, loneliness, community health and social cohesion were statistically significantly associated with social isolation. Living alone, depression/anxiety, stress and social isolation were statistically significantly associated with loneliness. The implications of these findings for social work practice and research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Cassie
- Anne & Henry Zarrow School of Social Work, University of Oklahoma , Norman, OK, USA
| | - Julie Miller-Cribbs
- Oklahoma Medicaid Endowed Professor in Mental Health, University of Oklahoma , Norman, OK, USA
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31
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Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, Qin M, Huang H. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag 2020; 28:1002-1009. [PMID: 32255222 PMCID: PMC7262235 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. Background The COVID‐19 epidemic has posed a major threat to public health. Nurses have always played an important role in infection prevention, infection control, isolation, containment and public health. However, available data on the work stress among these nurses are limited. Methods A cross‐sectional survey. An online questionnaire was completed by 180 anti‐epidemic nurses from Guangxi. Data collection tools, including the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) and the Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), were used. Descriptive single factor correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in exploring the related influencing factors. Results The SOS (39.91 ± 12.92) and SAS (32.19 ± 7.56) scores of this nurse group were positively correlated (r = 0.676, p < .05). Multiple regression analysis showed that only children, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors affecting nurse stress (p = .000, .048, .000, respectively). Conclusions Nurses who fight against COVID‐19 were generally under pressure. Implications for Nursing Management Nurse leaders should pay attention to the work stress and the influencing factors of the nurses who are fighting against COVID‐19 infection, and offer solutions to retain mental health among these nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Mo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lan Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Lang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | | | - Mingqin Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huiqiao Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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32
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Schneider EE, Schönfelder S, Domke-Wolf M, Wessa M. Measuring stress in clinical and nonclinical subjects using a German adaptation of the Perceived Stress Scale. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2020; 20:173-181. [PMID: 32550857 PMCID: PMC7296237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Stress is perceived differently across individuals, which might be particularly true for nonclinical and clinical subjects. For this reason, we tested a German adaption of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for model fit and measurement invariance in a big nonclinical and clinical sample. Method: We (1) conducted multiple confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in 1,248 nonclinical subjects and 575 outpatients, (2) measurement invariance with multigroup CFA, (3) assessed correlations with relevant constructs and (4) calculated internal consistencies for overall stress and the subscales Helplessness and Self-efficacy. Results: In both samples, CFA revealed a robust two-factorial structure with an excellent model fit. Group comparisons revealed strict measurement invariance. Correlations with associated measures support validity. Internal consistencies were good to very good. Conclusions: We show highly satisfactory psychometric properties of the German PSS-10 for nonclinical and clinical individuals. Measurement invariance analyses demonstrated that varying stress levels of people with a different mental health status are due to true interindividual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Elisa Schneider
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mila Domke-Wolf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
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33
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Bidirectional association between stress and physical activity in adults with overweight and obesity. J Behav Med 2020; 43:246-253. [PMID: 32130566 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Research has suggested that there may be a bidirectional association between stress and physical activity; however, much of this work has been conducted in athletes or adults with normal weight. The current study investigated the bidirectional association between stress and physical activity in adults with overweight and obesity. For a full year, during and after a 12-week, Internet-based weight loss program, 74 participants (BMI = 31.2 kg/m2) were asked to report stress and minutes of physical activity each week. An increase in stress was associated with less physical activity during the same week and predicted fewer minutes of physical activity the following week. Finally, each 1 h increase in physical activity on a given week was associated with a small decrease in stress ratings the following week. Results confirmed the bidirectional association between stress and physical activity in a sample of adults with overweight/obesity, and supported results highlighting stress as a barrier to physical activity. Future studies should investigate whether adding intervention components to decrease stress or to reinforce physical activity can improve physical activity engagement in this population.
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34
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Tian X, Dai B. Developing a Computerized Adaptive Test to Assess Stress in Chinese College Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32116885 PMCID: PMC7020886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is among the most prevalent problems in life; thus, measurement of stress is of great importance for disease prevention and evaluation. This work aims to develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) application to measure stress (CAT-S) based on item response theory (IRT). Two types of analyses were performed. The first analysis was to meet the psychometric requirements of the CAT-S. A Paper and Pencil (P&P) test involving 226 items was developed based on eight stress-related scales, and 972 Chinese college students completed the test. The first seven scales were used to build the item bank, and the last scale (i.e., the Perceived Stress Scale, PSS) was used to determine the convergent validity of the CAT-S. With some statistical considerations, such as item fit, discrimination, differential item functioning (DIF), and the assumption of unidimensionality, the final item bank comprised 93 items. The second analysis was to simulate the CAT adaptively using the existing item response. A Bayesian method called Expected a Posterior method (EAP) was used to estimate θ. For the item selection strategy, the greatest item information was considered at each step. The stopping rule was determined by the fixed length (10, 11, 12, …, 20, and 93) or the prespecified level of measurement precision (standard errors of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8). Finally, the criterion validity was tested by using PSS as a criterion and analyzing the effect of CAT-S diagnosis with a receiver operating curve (ROC). The results showed that (1) the final stress item bank had good quality based on the psychometric evaluation, (2) the CAT-scores were highly correlated with the scores of the final item bank, (3) the scores of the P&P form of PSS were correlated with those of the CAT-S (r > 0.5), (4) the value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was greater than 0.7 under each stopping rule, and (5) the CAT-S needed only a small number of items to obtain a highly precise measure of stress. Therefore, the CAT-S presented the theoretically expected advantages, which enabled a rapid, accurate, and efficient dynamic and intelligent measurement of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Tian
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Buyun Dai
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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35
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Brown KM, Hui Q, Huang Y, Taylor JY, Prescott L, de Mendoza VB, Crusto C, Sun YV. Association Between Stress and Coping with DNA Methylation of Blood Pressure-Related Genes Among African American Women. CHRONIC STRESS 2019; 3. [PMID: 32395678 PMCID: PMC7213592 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019879088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to psychosocial stress and employment of high effort coping
strategies have been identified as risk factors that may partially explain
the high prevalence of hypertension among African Americans. One biological
mechanism through which stress and coping may affect risk of hypertension is
via epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) in blood
pressure-related genes; however, this area remains understudied in African
Americans. Methods We used data from the ongoing Intergenerational Blood Pressure Study, a
longitudinal study designed to investigate factors that contribute to
hypertension risk in African American women (n = 120) and their young
children, to investigate the association between stress overload,
problem-solving coping, avoidance coping, and social support coping with DNA
methylation in 25 candidate genes related to blood pressure. Multivariable
linear regression and multilevel modeling were used to conduct methylation
site-level and gene-level analyses, respectively. Results In site-level analyses, stress overload, problem-solving coping, social
support coping, and avoidance coping were associated with 47, 63, 66, and 61
sites, respectively, at p < 0.05. However, no associations were
statistically significant after multiple testing correction. There were also
no significant associations in gene-level analyses. Conclusions As human social epigenomics is an emerging, evolving area of research, there
is much to be learned from studies with statistically significant findings
as well as studies with null findings. Factors such as characteristics of
the social stressor, source of DNA, and synchronization of exposure and
outcome are likely important considerations as we move the field
forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qin Hui
- Emory University (Atlanta, Georgia)
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36
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Vohra S, Kelling AS, Varma MM, Prakash A, Khurana D. Measuring reliability and validity of "Stressometer ®": A computer-based mass screening and assessment tool for evaluation of stress level and sources of stressors. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:295-299. [PMID: 31142909 PMCID: PMC6532472 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_429_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is essential to develop tools that can identify stress manifestation, source of stressors, and suffering in an effort to bridge the treatment gap and enhance behavioral health in the developing world. To that aim, the Stressometer® (SOM) was developed as a comprehensive scale of stress and behavioral health for use around the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS A validation study of the Stressometer® (SOM) was undertaken with a sample in India that included a nonclinical group and a group of patients at a clinic in New Delhi. For validation purposes, participants were also administered three currently validated scales, including Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Overload Scale (SOS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). RESULTS The Stressometer® (SOM) was found to be reliable and had high correlations with established scales. CONCLUSION Stressometer® (SOM) is a valid and reliable, computer based mass screening tool for evaluation of stress level and sources of stress. Overall, Stressometer® (SOM) creates a robust measurement of stress and behavioral health that is likely culturally neutral and thus has universal applicability. A scale such as this one is ideal for use in the developing world to help bridge the treatment gap created and enhance behavioral health, especially in those suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vohra
- Founder and CMD, No Worry No Tension Healthcare, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mrinal Mugdh Varma
- Provost and Senior Vice Chancellor at Auburn University at Montgomery, Alabama, USA
| | - Anand Prakash
- Professor and Head, Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Divyani Khurana
- Clinical Psychologist, Vohra Neuropsychiatry Centre, New Delhi, India
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Schutte AE, Gona PN, Delles C, Uys AS, Burger A, Mels CM, Kruger R, Smith W, Fourie CM, Botha S, Lammertyn L, van Rooyen JM, Gafane-Matemane LF, Mokwatsi GG, Breet Y, Kruger HS, Zyl TV, Pieters M, Zandberg L, Louw R, Moss SJ, Khumalo IP, Huisman HW. The African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT): Design, recruitment and initial examination. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:458-470. [PMID: 30681377 PMCID: PMC6423686 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318822354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Globally hypertension is stabilising, but in sub-Saharan Africa the incidence
of hypertension remains on an increase. Although this might be attributed to
poor healthcare and ineffective antihypertensive treatment, there is a
limited understanding of population and individual-specific cardiovascular
pathophysiology – necessary for effective prevention and treatment
strategies in Africa. As there is a lack of longitudinal studies tracking
the early pathophysiological development of hypertension in black
populations, the African-PREDICT study was initiated. The purpose of this
paper is to describe the detailed methodology and baseline cohort profile of
the study. Methods and results From 2013 to 2017, the study included 1202 black (N = 606)
and white (N = 596) men and women (aged 20–30 years) from
South Africa – screened to be healthy and clinic normotensive. At baseline,
and each 5-year follow-up examination, detailed measures of health
behaviours, cardiovascular profile and organ damage are taken. Also,
comprehensive biological sampling for the ‘omics’ and biomarkers is
performed. Overall, the baseline black and white cohort presented with
similar ages, clinic and 24-hour blood pressures, but black adults had lower
socioeconomic status and higher central systolic blood pressure than white
individuals. Conclusions The prospective African-PREDICT study in young black and white adults will
contribute to a clear understanding of early cardiovascular disease
development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletta E Schutte
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Philimon N Gona
- 3 Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | - Christian Delles
- 4 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (ICAMS), University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Aletta S Uys
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa
| | - Adele Burger
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa
| | - Catharina Mc Mels
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Wayne Smith
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Carla Mt Fourie
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Shani Botha
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Leandi Lammertyn
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Johannes M van Rooyen
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Lebo F Gafane-Matemane
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Gontse G Mokwatsi
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Yolandi Breet
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
| | - H Salome Kruger
- 2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa.,5 Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Tertia van Zyl
- 5 Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Marlien Pieters
- 5 Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Zandberg
- 5 Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Roan Louw
- 6 Human Metabolomics, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Sarah J Moss
- 7 Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, North-West University, South Africa
| | | | - Hugo W Huisman
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa.,2 South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, South Africa
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Fiore J. A Pilot Study Exploring the Use of an Online Pre-Composed Receptive Music Experience for Students Coping with Stress and Anxiety. J Music Ther 2019; 55:383-407. [PMID: 30339229 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
College/university students face many stressors as they balance their studies, work, personal relationships, and personal/family expectations. Music therapy students have additional stressors related to academic, musical, and clinical development. College/university students have increased mental health needs compared to previous generations, with volume impacting institutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of an online receptive music experience for music therapy students' stress and anxiety levels, and also to examine if a particular musical element was perceived as more beneficial in decreasing stress and anxiety. Twenty-three participants (undergraduate and graduate-equivalency music therapy students) engaged in a study offered online. Measures included the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Stress Overload Scale (SOS), and a post-experience survey about musical element effectiveness. Results indicated that the receptive music experience elicited a significant decrease in students' stress and anxiety levels. A subscale analysis of the SOS indicated that participants had a significant decrease in personal vulnerability, and an overall decrease in event load, though this decrease was not significant. Participants' reflections about the musical elements indicated that melody was most effective and instrumentation was least effective, with groups of elements also indicated. Pilot study results support further research investigating the use of an online receptive music experience for students, professionals, and music therapy clients as a way to manage acute stress.
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Economides M, Martman J, Bell MJ, Sanderson B. Improvements in Stress, Affect, and Irritability Following Brief Use of a Mindfulness-based Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 9:1584-1593. [PMID: 30294390 PMCID: PMC6153897 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-0905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness training, which involves observing thoughts and feelings without judgment or reaction, has been shown to improve aspects of psychosocial well-being when delivered via in-person training programs such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Less is known about the efficacy of digital training mediums, such as smartphone apps, which are rapidly rising in popularity. In this study, novice meditators were randomly allocated to an introductory mindfulness meditation program or to a psychoeducational audiobook control featuring an introduction to the concepts of mindfulness and meditation. The interventions were delivered via the same mindfulness app, were matched across a range of criteria, and were presented to participants as well-being programs. Affect, irritability, and two distinct components of stress were measured immediately before and after each intervention in a cohort of healthy adults. While both interventions were effective at reducing stress associated with personal vulnerability, only the mindfulness intervention had a significant positive impact on irritability, affect, and stress resulting from external pressure (between group Cohen's d = 0.44, 0.47, 0.45, respectively). These results suggest that brief mindfulness training has a beneficial impact on several aspects of psychosocial well-being, and that smartphone apps are an effective delivery medium for mindfulness training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Economides
- Headspace Inc, 2415 Michigan Avenue, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, CA 90404 USA
| | - Janis Martman
- Headspace Inc, 2415 Michigan Avenue, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, CA 90404 USA
| | - Megan J. Bell
- Headspace Inc, 2415 Michigan Avenue, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, CA 90404 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Brad Sanderson
- Headspace Inc, 2415 Michigan Avenue, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, CA 90404 USA
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Hartsell EN, Neupert SD. Chronic and Daily Stressors Along With Negative Affect Interact to Predict Daily Tiredness. J Appl Gerontol 2017; 38:1728-1745. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464817741684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the within-person relationship of daily stressors and tiredness and whether this depends on daily negative affect and individual differences in chronic stress. One hundred sixteen older adult participants were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for a 9-day daily diary study. Daily tiredness, daily stressors, and negative affect were measured each day, and chronic stress was measured at baseline. Daily stressors, daily negative affect, and chronic stress interacted to predict daily tiredness. People with high chronic stress who experienced an increase in daily negative affect were the most reactive to daily stressors in terms of experiencing an increase in daily tiredness. We also found that people with low levels of chronic stress were the most reactive to daily stressors when they experienced low levels of daily negative affect. Our results highlight the need for individualized and contextualized approaches to combating daily tiredness in older adults.
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Mu W, Duan W. Evaluating the construct validity of Stress Overload Scale-Short using exploratory structural equation modeling. J Health Psychol 2017; 25:913-921. [PMID: 29119830 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317738322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the Chinese version of Stress Overload Scale-Short, which included personal vulnerability and event load. The participants included 629 community residents and 495 university students. The results indicated a better goodness-of-fit using exploratory structural equation modeling compared with confirmatory factor analysis. The Stress Overload Scale-Short performed well in distinguishing individuals with more negative emotion symptoms from the general population. A moderation analysis demonstrated that social support moderates the effect of personal vulnerability on negative emotion symptoms. These results facilitated the application of Stress Overload Scale-Short in the current population.
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Validation of a Chinese version of the stress overload scale-short and its use as a screening tool for mental health status. Qual Life Res 2017; 27:411-421. [PMID: 29052030 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although stress emerges when environmental demands exceed personal resources, existing measurement methods for stress focus only on one aspect. The newly-developed Short Stress Overload Scale (SOS-S) assesses the extent of stress by assessing both event load (i.e., environmental demands) and personal vulnerability (i.e., personal resources). The present study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Stress Overload Scale-Short (SOS-SC), and further examine its roles in screening mental health status. METHODS A total of 1364 participants were recruited from communities and colleges for scale validation. RESULTS Reliabilities were good throughout the subsamples (ω > 0.80). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the acceptable goodness-of-fit for the two-factor correlated model (Sample 1: 560 community residents). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis confirmed measurement invariance across community residents (Sample 1) and college students (Sample 2 and Sample 3). Criterion validity and convergent validity were established (Sample 2: 554 college students). Latent moderated structural equations demonstrated that the relationship between SOS-SC and depression is moderated by social support (Sample 2), further validating the SOS-SC. In addition, the SOS-SC effectively screened individuals in a population at different levels of mental health status (i.e., "at risk" vs. "at low risk" for depression symptoms and/or wellbeing). CONCLUSION The SOS-SC exhibits acceptable psychometric properties in the Chinese context. That said, the two aspects of stress can be differentiated by the Chinese context, therefore, the SOS-SC can be used to measure stress and screen mental health status among the Chinese population, and monitor and evaluate health-promoting interventions.
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Crusto CA, Barcelona de Mendoza V, Connell CM, Sun YV, Taylor JY. The Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study (InterGEN): Design and Methods for Recruitment and Psychological Measures. Nurs Res 2017; 65:331-8. [PMID: 27362519 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies show that genomics and environmental stressors affect blood pressure, few studies have examined their combined effects, especially in African Americans. OBJECTIVE We present the recruitment methods and psychological measures of the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) study, which seeks to investigate the individual and combined effects of genetic (G) and environmental (E) (psychological) stressors on blood pressure in African American mother-child dyads. Genetic methods are presented elsewhere, but here we present the recruitment methods, psychological measures, and analysis plan for these environmental stressors. METHODS This longitudinal study will enroll 250 mother-child dyads (N = 500). Study participation is restricted to women who (a) are ≤21 years of age, (b) self-identify as African American or Black, (c) speak English, (d) do not have an identified mental illness or cognitive impairment, and (e) have a biological child between 3 and 5 years old. The primary environmental stressors assessed are parenting stress, perceived racism and discrimination, and maternal mental health. Covariates include age, cigarette smoking (for mothers), and gender (for children). The study outcome variables are systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ANALYSIS The main analytic outcome is genetic-by-environment interaction analyses (G × E); however, main effects (G) and (E) will be individually assessed first. Genetic (G) and interaction analyses (G × E) are described in a companion paper and will include laboratory procedures. Statistical modeling of environmental stressors on blood pressure will be done using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equation models. IMPLICATIONS The methodology presented here includes the study rationale, community engagement and recruitment protocol, psychological variable measurement, and analysis plan for assessing the association of environmental stressors and blood pressure. This study may provide the foundation for other studies and development of interventions to reduce the risk for hypertension and to propose targeted health promotion programs for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy A Crusto
- Cindy A. Crusto, PhD, is Associate Professor, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Veronica Barcelona de Mendoza, PhD, MSN, RN, APHN-BC, is Post-Doctoral Associate, Yale School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut. Christian M. Connell, PhD, is Associate Professor, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Yan V. Sun, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia. Jacquelyn Y. Taylor, PhD, PNP-BC, RN, FAHA, FAAN, is Associate Professor, Yale School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut
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Wilson A, Wissing MP, Schutte L. Validation of the Stress Overload Scale and Stress Overload Scale–Short Form among a Setswana-speaking community in South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0081246317705241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been extensive research on the phenomenon of stress, there is still a lack of assessment tools, especially in the South African context, that have strong theoretical underpinnings, tapping into both internal depletion of resources and the excessive external demands from the environment in the measurement of stress. The aim of this study was to validate the Setswana version of the original 30-item long form of the Stress Overload Scale as well as the 10-item short form (Stress Overload Scale–Short Form), both evaluating experienced personal vulnerability and external event load. A sample of N = 376 adults living in a rural community in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa were randomly selected to partake in the study. Emerging model fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis testing the hypothesized two-factor structure of the original Stress Overload Scale were not convincingly good. However, we found a remarkable improvement in model fit indices in the case of the Stress Overload Scale–Short Form. Concurrent validity was shown for the Stress Overload Scale–Short Form in significant correlations with depression and emotional well-being. We conclude that the Setswana version of the Stress Overload Scale–Short Form is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring stress in the present context; however, further validation of the original Stress Overload Scale in diverse samples is necessary to provide stronger support for the hypothesized two-factor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Wilson
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Marié P Wissing
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Lusilda Schutte
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, South Africa
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Beshai S, Mishra S, Meadows TJS, Parmar P, Huang V. Minding the gap: Subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms. Soc Sci Med 2016; 173:18-25. [PMID: 27914314 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has linked depressive symptoms to various indices of societal-level inequality and relative deprivation. A larger literature has also addressed cognitive vulnerability and correlates of depression. Despite this evidence, little research to date has examined the relationship of depressive symptoms with such downstream individual-level consequences of inequality as subjective relative deprivation, or whether relative deprivation is associated with cognitive vulnerability in depression. We conducted two investigations among four separate samples (total N = 2999) to examine associations between subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms and cognitions. Across our studies and four different self-report measures of depressive symptoms, we found consistent significant positive associations between subjective relative deprivation and depression symptoms. Further, we found that subjective relative deprivation was predictive of depressive symptoms over and above other known vulnerability factors. Finally, we found that the relationship between subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms was fully mediated by negative automatic thoughts about self. These results provide further evidence of the importance of subjective deprivation in maintaining negative mental health outcomes.
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Abstract
The Stress Overload Scale (SOS) has demonstrated validity in predicting pathological stress reactions; however, at 30 items, it is lengthy for some clinical applications. Here, two studies tested a 10-item SOS-Short (SOS-S). First, the SOS-S was compared with the SOS in a longitudinal community study ( n = 391), using indices of pathology as criterion measures. Results showed the SOS-S to be equivalent to the SOS in reliability and concurrent and predictive validity, although not quite as sensitive to somatic symptoms. Second, the SOS-S was compared to the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in a cross-sectional community study ( n = 249), in which symptoms and response biases were also assessed. Results showed both measures to be susceptible to biasing, and the SOS-S to demonstrate superior validity when biases were controlled. The SOS-S appears a viable alternative to the SOS and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale for assessing stress, and risk for sequelae, across a broad demographic spectrum.
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Amirkhan JH, Marckwordt M. Past Trauma and Current Stress and Coping: Toward a General Model. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1182410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu H, Umberson D. Gender, stress in childhood and adulthood, and trajectories of change in body mass. Soc Sci Med 2015; 139:61-9. [PMID: 26151391 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence of the linkage between stress and weight change, previous studies have not considered how stress trajectories that begin in childhood and fluctuate throughout adulthood may work together to have long-term consequences for weight change. Working from a stress and life course perspective, we investigate the linkages between childhood stress, adulthood stress and trajectories of change in body mass (i.e., Body Mass Index, BMI) over time, with attention to possible gender variation in these processes. Data are drawn from a national longitudinal survey of the Americans' Changing Lives (N = 3617). Results from growth curve analyses suggest that both women and men who experienced higher levels of childhood stress also report higher levels of stress in adulthood. At the beginning of the study period, higher levels of adulthood stress are related to greater BMI for women but not men. Moreover, women who experienced higher levels of childhood stress gained weight more rapidly throughout the 15-year study period than did women who experienced less childhood stress, but neither childhood nor adulthood stress significantly modified men's BMI trajectories. These findings add to our understanding of how childhood stress-a more important driver of long-term BMI increase than adult stress-reverberates throughout the life course to foster cumulative disadvantage in body mass, and how such processes differ for men and women. Results highlight the importance of considering sex-specific social contexts of early childhood in order to design effective clinical programs that prevent or treat overweight and obesity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, USA.
| | - Debra Umberson
- Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Amirkhan JH, Urizar GG, Clark S. Criterion validation of a stress measure: the Stress Overload Scale. Psychol Assess 2015; 27:985-96. [PMID: 25642927 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Validating stress scales poses problems beyond those of other psychological measures. Here, 3 studies were conducted to address those problems and assess the criterion validity of scores from a new theory-derived measure, the Stress Overload Scale (SOS; Amirkhan, 2012). In Study 1, the SOS was tested for its ability to predict postsemester illness in a sample of college students (n = 127). Even with precautions to minimize criterion contamination, scores were found to predict health problems in the month following a final exam on all of 5 different criteria. In Study 2, a community sample (n = 231) was used to test the SOS' ability to differentiate people in stressful circumstances from those in more relaxed contexts. SOS scores demonstrated excellent sensitivity (96%) and specificity (100%) in this general population application. In Study 3, the SOS was tested for its ability to differentiate salivary cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor in a group of pregnant women (n = 40). High scores were found to be associated with a blunted cortisol response, which is indicative of HPA-axis overload and typical of persons suffering chronic stress and stress-related pathology. Across all 3 studies, despite variations in the stressor, criterion, population, and methods, SOS scores emerged as valid indicators of stress. However, each study also introduced new problems that beg additional corrective steps in future stress-scale validity tests. These strategies, and the SOS' utility as a research and diagnostic tool in varied applications and populations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido G Urizar
- Psychology Department, California State University Long Beach
| | - Sarah Clark
- Psychology Department, California State University Long Beach
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