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Pitkänen J, Junna L, Martikainen P. Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Episodes and Subsequent Labor Market Trajectories. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:1175-1183. [PMID: 38493397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents with psychiatric disorders are known to be more often not in education, employment, or training (NEET) in young adulthood than their peers. However, since most of the available evidence is based on cross-sectional measurement of NEET, there is less evidence on the processes underlying these differences in labor market disadvantage. We assessed these processes by examining transitions between NEET and non-NEET states across young adulthood and the differences in these transitions by adolescent psychiatric inpatient treatment. METHODS We used longitudinal register data on all individuals born in Finland in 1980-1984 (N = 315,508) to identify psychiatric inpatient episodes between ages 10 and 19 and NEET between ages 20 and 34. We modeled the transitions between NEET and non-NEET states and the impact of psychiatric disorders on these transitions with multistate models. RESULTS Individuals who had psychiatric inpatient episodes in adolescence started their labor market careers as NEET twice as often as their peers. They were also more likely to transition into NEET states and less likely to transition out of NEET. In total, individuals with a history of psychiatric episodes spent from 1.8 to 6.9 more years as NEET between the ages 20 and 34 than their peers, depending on sex, baseline NEET, and diagnostic group. DISCUSSION Adolescents with severe psychiatric disorders are highly vulnerable in terms of labor market outcomes throughout their early adulthood. Supportive measures are required both at the start of employment trajectories and during later career stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Pitkänen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Liina Junna
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Luo J, Chen X, Duan Y, Su Y. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study on the Impact of Inherent Ability on the High Quality of Life in the Elderly Based on Mediating Effect of Value Participation. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1624. [PMID: 36773101 PMCID: PMC9919750 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- School of Management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- School of Management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- School of Management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuliang Su
- School of Management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Solomon M, Hernandez JAY, Ruder S, Bothra S, Gonzales C, Kecskemeti K, Takarae Y. Commentary: The challenges and promises of competitively employing autistic adults in the United States. Autism Res 2023; 16:2054-2060. [PMID: 37668324 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Current United States statistics suggest that autistic individuals will experience high unemployment and underemployment rates throughout their lives. Furthermore, despite the passage of federal legislation to employ young autistic adults in competitive integrated settings, where they work alongside non-disabled workers and earn at least minimum wage, most individuals receiving state services still are placed in day programs or sheltered workshops. Since meaningful employment is the most important determinant of life satisfaction, this failure is a critical societal problem, exerting increasing pressure for systems change. But the news is not all bad. Private sector companies have increased their hiring of disabled workers, producing a growing base of expertise in the recruitment, on-boarding, training, and management of autistic employees. This has led to a growing recognition that autistic individuals can be ideal workers. Autism researchers have advanced the field by investigating these private industry programs as well as conducting efficacy trials of interventions and services that help autistic individuals in the workplace. However, gaps in knowledge persist stemming from the heterogeneity of autistic workers, limited knowledge about those not receiving state services, and a system of federal services that is fragmented, poorly coordinated, difficult to navigate, and over-taxed. Autism researchers can continue to improve outcomes of autistic workers through investigations of the fit between autistic workers, their preferences, and the characteristics of available jobs, and through effectiveness trails of promising employment interventions and services that promote systems change that help break down the barriers to better integration of existing state services and resources in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute & Imaging Research Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jo Ann Yon Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute & Imaging Research Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steve Ruder
- Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, MIND Institute, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Surina Bothra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute & Imaging Research Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Catherine Gonzales
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute & Imaging Research Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kali Kecskemeti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute & Imaging Research Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yukari Takarae
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute & Imaging Research Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
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Al-Abdulmunem M, Bond GR, Ressler DR, Becker DR, Swanson SJ, Marbacher J. Individual placement and support programmes for young adults: Where are they and whom do they serve? Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:824-836. [PMID: 37211370 PMCID: PMC10524614 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Individual Placement and Support (IPS), an evidence-based supported employment model developed for adults with serious mental illness, has been recently targeted to young adults with mental health conditions, but little is known about its adoption in this age group in the United States. METHODS We recruited a volunteer sample of nine IPS programmes in five states serving young adults with mental health conditions aged 16 to 24. IPS team leaders reported programme and participant characteristics and rated barriers to employment and education. RESULTS Most IPS programmes were located in community mental health centres, served a small number of young adults, and received most referrals from external sources. The study sample of 111 participants included 53% female, 47% under 21 years old, 60% diagnosed with a depressive disorder; 92% had an employment goal, and 40% had an education goal. IPS specialists reported that managing mental health symptoms was the most common barrier to achieving employment and education goals. CONCLUSION Future research should examine how IPS programmes could best provide services to young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monirah Al-Abdulmunem
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Gary R. Bond
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Daniel R. Ressler
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Deborah R. Becker
- The IPS Employment Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J. Swanson
- The IPS Employment Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Marbacher
- The IPS Employment Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
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Gao N, Eissenstat SJ, Oh TL. Social media use and academic, social, and career development among college students with disabilities. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1790-1796. [PMID: 34437826 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the use of social media and its impact on the college life of students with disabilities. PARTICIPANTS 341 college students who identified as having disabilities were recruited from two universities in the Northeastern United. METHODS Multivariate multiple regression models examined the relationship between social media use and academic achievement, social connectedness, and work preparedness. RESULTS The findings indicate that students' GPA was not associated with any social media use variables, but the time spent on using social media was negatively associated with the work hope and social connectedness. Social media learning was positively associated with work preparedness and social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that social media used for learning purposes can have a positive impact on career and social development among college students with disabilities. However, the time spent for non-learning purposes did not show positive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Gao
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - SunHee J Eissenstat
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Tammy L Oh
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Blackwood, NJ, USA
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Gregory KA, Vidourek RA, King KA, Merianos AL. Examination of Current Anxiety Problems with School Engagement and Volunteer and Paid Work among U.S. Adolescents. J Sch Nurs 2022:10598405221121655. [PMID: 36000300 DOI: 10.1177/10598405221121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between current anxiety problems and school engagement, community service or volunteer work, and paid work among U.S. adolescents. The 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) dataset was analyzed and included 24,609 adolescents ages 12-17 years. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyzes. A total of 12.6% of adolescents had healthcare provider-confirmed current anxiety problems. Adolescents with current anxiety were at decreased odds of engaging in school (aOR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.29, 0.41) and participating in community service or volunteer work (aOR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.59, 0.86) compared to adolescents without current anxiety. Adolescents with current anxiety were at increased odds of participating in paid work (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.38). This study reports that U.S. adolescents with anxiety were less likely to engage in school and participate in community service or volunteer work, but were more likely to participate in paid work compared to their peers without anxiety. Results should inform future interventions targeting adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh A Gregory
- School of Human Services, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca A Vidourek
- School of Human Services, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith A King
- School of Human Services, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Schniedermann I, Dehn LB, Micheel S, Beblo T, Driessen M. Evaluation of a supported education and employment program for adolescents and young adults with mental health problems: A study protocol of the StAB project. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271803. [PMID: 35905081 PMCID: PMC9337640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of mental illnesses begins in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood before the age of 25. The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a particularly vulnerable time for adolescents with mental illness, affecting psychosocial functioning and participation in work life. Therefore, they need—in contrast to classic standard vocational interventions—a long-term, holistic and individually oriented vocational rehabilitation program. With the innovative model project "Start in education and employment (StAB)”, adolescents and young adults with mental illnesses are to be supported with regard to their vocational perspectives and participation by a new type of individualized, holistic, long-term job coaching. It follows the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) concept, as a manualized form of the Supported Employment Approach and is based on the "first place–then train" principle. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the StAB program, a double-centre prospective single arm evaluation study in a mixed-methods design will be conducted. The focus is on quantitative research analysing pre-post-effects of the StAB intervention in a two-year observational study. Young people between 15 and 25 years with a psychiatric diagnosis who are currently in receipt of means-tested benefits or are entitled to them will be recruited. The study will take place in two major cities in the north-western part of Germany, Bielefeld and Dortmund. We expect to contribute to gain more empirical data about the implementation of Supported Employment and Education to severely mentally ill adolescents and young adults in German settings. Moreover, these results may also provide the scientific foundation for future measures focusing the improvement of vocational rehabilitation for young people with mental illness. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00027576) on March 10, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schniedermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lorenz B. Dehn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrina Micheel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Beblo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martin Driessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Townley G, Brusilovskiy E, Klein L, McCormick B, Snethen G, Salzer MS. Community Mental Health Center Visits and Community Mobility of People with Serious Mental Illnesses: A Facilitator or Constraint? Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:420-428. [PMID: 33813724 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental health services and interventions have increasingly focused on the importance of community participation and mobility for people with serious mental illnesses (SMI). This study examined the role that visits to community mental health centers (CMHCs) may play in increasing community mobility of people with SMI. Eighty-nine adults with SMI receiving services at three CMHCS were tracked with GPS-enabled phones over a 13-day period. Findings revealed that participants visited more destinations on days they went to a CMHC compared to days they did not. They also spent more time out of the home and traveled greater distances. Results suggest that the benefits of visiting a mental health center appear to go beyond treatment outcomes, but also point to the possibility that obligations, whether to a clinic appointment or possibly vocational, educational, leisure, faith, or social commitments, may be an important stepping stone to more mobility and intentional, sustained community participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Townley
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, 317 Cramer Hall, 1721 SW Broadway, Portland, OR, 97207, USA.
| | - Eugene Brusilovskiy
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Louis Klein
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bryan McCormick
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Gretchen Snethen
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mark S Salzer
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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Hill A, Mann DR, Gellar J. Predicting program outcomes for vocational rehabilitation customers: A machine learning approach. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program provides support and services to people with disabilities who want to work. OBJECTIVE: Approximately one-third of eligible VR customers are employed when they exit the program. The remainder either exit without ever receiving services or without employment after receiving services. In this study, we explore how customer characteristics and VR services predict these outcomes. METHODS: We examined VR case level data from the RSA-911 files. Machine learning techniques allowed us to explore a large number of potential predictors of VR outcomes while requiring fewer assumptions than traditional regression methods. RESULTS: Consistent with existing literature, customers who are employed at application are more likely to exit with employment, and those with mental health conditions or low socioeconomic status are less likely to exit with employment. Some customers with low or no earnings at application who are not identified in prior studies are more likely than others to have poor program outcomes, including those with developmental disability who are under 18, customers without developmental or learning disabilities, and customers who do not receive employment or restoration services. CONCLUSIONS: VR counselors and administrators should consider implementing early, targeted interventions for newly identified at-risk groups of VR customers.
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Lu W, Oursler J, Gao N, Herrick SJ, Mariani J, Socha C, Beninato J. Service needs assessment of employment-related soft skills for transition age youth with disabilities. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-211173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Work-related soft skills can be an important factor for successful employment outcomes, particularly for individuals with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: This study conducted a survey on the needs of important work-related soft skills for employment success of transition age youth with disabilities. METHODS: 183 participants included 27 individuals with disabilities, 32 family members of individuals with disabilities,35 disability service providers, 47 disability advocates and 42 employers, completed surveys to identify a list of soft skills by importance for transition age youth with disabilities to succeed at work. RESULTS: All five groups noted the top two skills: asking for help and responding to feedback, as most important. Employers also rated interview skills as third most important skills, while the other four groups advocated requesting for accommodations and negotiating conflicts as the third and fourth most important skills. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicated soft skills being critical to work success for transition age youth with disabilities, with some skills potentially being more important. Vocational counseling implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Lu
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Janice Oursler
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ni Gao
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samantha J. Herrick
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jake Mariani
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Crystal Socha
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John Beninato
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Baer H, Welker K, Cox C. Work performance and support needs analysis of students with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-211167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: School-to-work transition planning for students with intellectual disabilities should include community-based early work experiences to prepare for possible future integrated employment. Employers have noted job performance levels and appropriate use of supports as important for maintaining employment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess work performance and support needs of students with intellectual disabilities attending a short summer early work experience. METHOD: A small group of secondary-level school students with intellectual disabilities attended a summer-long vocational rehabilitation program where they worked with a job coach at a work setting. Student participants and their job coaches rated their perceptions of the students’ work performance quality and support needs on the Job Observation and Behavior Scale pre-post program. RESULTS: The groups deviated significantly in their pre-assessment and post-assessment ratings. Job coaches and students both reported significant increases in perception of quality of student performance. In addition, job coaches reported students needing significantly less employment supports by program end. Student participants also reported needing less employment supports by program end; however, results were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: When both student and job coach realistically view student work performance and supports needed, the school-to-work transition can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee Baer
- Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Kristen Welker
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carol Cox
- Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Frentzel E, Geyman Z, Rasmussen J, Nye C, Murphy KM. Pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 54:103-116. [PMID: 33994763 PMCID: PMC8081404 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-201123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Students with disabilities often experience numerous challenges in terms of finding employment. Given the important role of vocational rehabilitation counselors in supporting employment activities for these students, a need exists for identifying effective strategies that increase employment outcomes for this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to examine and describe successful research- based interventions on pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities that can be used by vocational rehabilitation counselors. METHODS: The search strategy examined literature from 1998 through 2017 focused on vocational rehabilitation counselors, students with disabilities, and elements related to pre-employment transition services. Articles included American, European, and Australian literature published in English. RESULTS: This review identified a number of research-based interventions that support employment outcomes for students with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The research-based interventions identified in this scoping review can help vocational rehabilitation counselors consider effective strategies for increasing employment outcomes for students with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Geyman
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Chad Nye
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Bölte S. "We believe in good jobs, fair jobs, dignifying jobs that give you a good sense of identity": Career and job guidance counseling in autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 25:857-861. [PMID: 33554660 DOI: 10.1177/1362361321990325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Examining the relationship between community mobility and participation using GPS and self-report data. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113539. [PMID: 33234453 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Higher levels of community mobility have been shown to be associated with better physical health, mental health, and quality of life. The ability to move about one's community is also expected to facilitate community participation, which is an aspect of health functioning. This study uses Global Positioning Systems (GPS) technology to track various dimensions of community mobility, such as destinations, time outside the home, and distance traveled, and examine the relationship between these variables and community participation in a sample of individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI). This population was selected because they are known to have diminished health functioning in terms of their community participation, and the goal is to explore the extent to which mobility limitations may account for this. A total of 103 individuals with serious mental illnesses were recruited from mental health agencies and consented to having their mobility tracked using GPS for 13 days and answering questions about their community-based activities. Greater amount of participation was associated with having more destinations and spending more time out of the house, but not with traveling larger distances and having a greater activity space. None of the mobility variables were related to the number of important participation areas or sufficiency of participation. The findings support the hypothesis that greater mobility is related to more participation, although satisfaction with the degree to which one participates does not appear to be impacted, suggesting that other factors need to be accounted for. Health policymakers and providers should pay attention to community mobility as a factor that affects health outcomes such as participation, in individuals with serious mental illnesses, and other populations. In particular, attending to access to personal transport, public transportation, and other mobility options appears to be important, as well as interventions aimed at encouraging greater community mobility.
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Rakhshan Rouhakhtar P, Schiffman J. Community Rehabilitation for Youth with Psychosis Spectrum Disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2020; 29:225-239. [PMID: 31708049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recovery-oriented treatment for youth with psychosis goes beyond a symptom and deficit-amelioration model, promoting engagement and functioning within the community. Given the challenges young people with psychosis face, early psychosis treatment programs often integrate rehabilitative components targeting functional outcomes. The current article reviews 4 community rehabilitation programs in early psychosis: care coordination, cognitive rehabilitation, supported education and employment, and peer support. For each of these rehabilitative intervention programs, we discuss challenges faced by youth with psychosis, clinical intervention practices, the current state of evidence, and clinical and/or research considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rakhshan Rouhakhtar
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Harrison J, Krieger MJ, Johnson HA. Review of Individual Placement and Support Employment Intervention for Persons with Substance Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:636-643. [PMID: 31782349 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1692035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Work is a critical part of recovery for many people with chronic health conditions, including Substance Use Disorders (SUD). Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based practice designed initially for adults with mental illness. Although the evidence for using IPS with individuals with severe mental illness is well documented, less is known about the efficacy of using IPS with consumers with substance use disorders, and the results have yet to be systematically evaluated and organized. Key components of zero exclusion, rapid competitive job search, and incorporation with treatment services as well as benefits are components that make IPS a strong practice to incorporate into substance abuse treatment. This study aims to evaluate and organize the evidence base of using IPS with adults with substance use disorders. Results: A systematic review was conducted of meta-analyses, reviews, and individual studies from 2000 through 2019, measuring the efficacy of IPS with individuals with SUD or comorbid SUD. Databases searched were Scopus, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies are reviewed and critiqued for their application to a SUD population. Then, barriers and facilitators of IPS implementation with this population are discussed. Conclusions/Importance: There is a high evidence to support to application of IPS for persons with SUD, both singly and when combined with a mental health disorder. Barriers to IPS implementation including episodic treatment, risk of relapse, and housing or criminal justice instability make the IPS program a useful best practice to consider for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Harrison
- School of Social Work, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Krieger
- School of Social Work, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Hillary A Johnson
- School of Social Work, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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Lindsay S, Cagliostro E, Leck J, Stinson J. Career aspirations and workplace expectations among youth with physical disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:1657-1668. [PMID: 31589070 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1671505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youths with disabilities have lower employment rates than youths without disabilities, which are often a result of inaccessible environments, employer's lack of knowledge about people with disabilities and discriminatory attitudes. Exploring youths' career aspirations is important because it can prompt or hinder career planning, and contribute to youths' preparation for adult life. The purpose of our study was to explore the career aspirations and workplace expectations of youths with physical disabilities. METHOD We drew on qualitative discussion forum data from a larger study focusing on employment preparation e-mentoring intervention for youths with physical disabilities. Our sample comprised 44 youths aged 15-25 years (mean age 18.9, 47% female) with physical disabilities. We analyzed the data using a qualitative, content analysis approach. RESULTS Youths described several areas that helped to develop their occupational capacity including self-advocacy, pursuing post-secondary education, volunteering/co-op, family support, and social networks. Areas where youths anticipated encountering occupational constraints involved: transportation, attitudes and discrimination, physicality of work and self-care, communication skills, and finding work or volunteer positions. Youths' expectations for the workplace included: disability disclosure and requesting accommodations, and a respectful environment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted that youths with physical disabilities had diverse career aspirations that are shaped by various occupational capacities and constraints.Implications for rehabilitationYouth with physical disabilities may need further support with accessing and navigating public transportation independently to gain employment, and also developing their communication skills, specifically how to disclose their condition to employers and coping with potential discrimination.Clinicians and educators should help youth with disabilities to gain exposure to a variety of career options (including STEM) while supporting them to find accessible positions that are compatible with their abilities.Clinicians and educators could consider helping to foster self-advocacy skills among youth with disabilities which are needed to disclose their condition and request accommodations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lindsay
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elaine Cagliostro
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne Leck
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Williams B, Lo WJ, Hill J, Ezike N, Huddleston J. Employment supports in early work experiences for transition-age youth with disabilities who receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI). JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-191035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Juo Lo
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Julie Hill
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Gmitroski T, Bradley C, Heinemann L, Liu G, Blanchard P, Beck C, Mathias S, Leon A, Barbic SP. Barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e024487. [PMID: 30567825 PMCID: PMC6303634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The issue of gaining employment for those with mental illness is a growing global concern. For many in the young adult population, who are at a transitional age, employment is a central goal. In response, we conducted a scoping review to answer the question, 'What are the barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness?' DESIGN We conducted a scoping review in accordance to the Arksey and O'Malley framework. We performed a thorough search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ABI/INFORM, PsycINFO and Cochrane. We included studies that considered young adults aged 15-29 years of age with a mental health diagnosis, who were seeking employment or were included in an employment intervention. RESULTS Our search resulted in 24 research articles that focused on employment for young adults with mental illness. Four main themes were extracted from the literature: (1) integrated health and social services, (2) age-exposure to employment supports, (3) self-awareness and autonomy and (4) sustained support over the career trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that consistent youth-centred employment interventions, in addition to usual mental health treatment, can facilitate young adults with mental illness to achieve their employment goals. Aligning the mental health and employment priorities of young adults may result in improved health and social outcomes for this population while promoting greater engagement of young adults in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Gmitroski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christl Bradley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lyn Heinemann
- Canadian Mental Health Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Grace Liu
- Providence Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paige Blanchard
- Providence Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charlotte Beck
- UBC Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve Mathias
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adelena Leon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Skye Pamela Barbic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sveinsdottir V, Bond GR. Barriers to employment for people with severe mental illness and criminal justice involvement. J Ment Health 2017; 29:692-700. [PMID: 29265941 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: People with severe mental illness (SMI) and criminal justice involvement (CJI) are able to achieve competitive employment when provided with evidence-based services, but outcomes are modest compared to studies of SMI in general.Aims: To investigate barriers to employment facing people with SMI and CJI receiving employment services.Method: Employment service providers assessed top three barriers to employment for 87 people with SMI and CJI enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing a job club program to supported employment. Main barriers were identified and differences between programs were analyzed. Associations between barriers and client background characteristics were investigated.Results: The most common barriers were failure to engage and disengagement from services, followed by substance abuse. Staff from the two employment programs reported similar barriers.Conclusions: Engagement problems were the single most important barrier to employment across programs. Surprisingly, criminal history was rarely mentioned. This may be explained by barriers arising earlier in the process, before achieving employer contact. The results call for recognition and awareness of the importance of motivational issues as well as factors that may inhibit engagement in services, highlighting possible augmentations to evidence-based employment services that may be necessary in the rehabilitation of this patient group.
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Uyanik H, Shogren KA, Blanck P. Supported Decision-Making: Implications from Positive Psychology for Assessment and Intervention in Rehabilitation and Employment. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:498-506. [PMID: 29119422 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This article reviews existing literature on positive psychology, supported decision-making (SDM), employment, and disability. It examines interventions and assessments that have been empirically evaluated for the enhancement of decision-making and overall well-being of people with disabilities. Additionally, conceptual themes present in the literature were explored. Methods A systematic review was conducted across two databases (ERIC and PsychINFO) using various combination of keywords of 'disabilit*', work rehabilitation and employment terms, positive psychology terms, and SDM components. Seven database searches were conducted with diverse combinations of keywords, which identified 1425 results in total to be screened for relevance using their titles and abstracts. Database search was supplemented with hand searches of oft-cited journals, ancestral search, and supplemental search from grey literature. Results Only four studies were identified in the literature targeting SDM and positive psychology related constructs in the employment and job development context. Results across the studies indicated small to moderate impacts of the assessment and interventions on decision-making and engagement outcomes. Conceptually there are thematic areas of potential overlap, although they are limited in the explicit integration of theory in supported decision-making, positive psychology, disability, and employment. Conclusion Results suggest a need for additional scholarship in this area that focuses on theory development and integration as well as empirical work. Such work should examine the potential utility of considering positive psychological interventions when planning for SDM in the context of career development activities to enhance positive outcomes related to decision-making, self-determination, and other positive psychological constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Uyanik
- Department of Special Education, University of Kansas, Joseph R. Pearson Hall, 1122 West Campus Road, Rm. 517, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Karrie A Shogren
- Department of Special Education, University of Kansas, Joseph R. Pearson Hall, 1122 West Campus Road, Rm. 517, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Peter Blanck
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Latimer E. Extending the Quality and Reach of IPS. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2017; 44:374-377. [PMID: 28361473 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-017-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Latimer
- Mental Health and Society Research Program, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Perry 3C, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Individual Placement and Support (IPS) for Methadone Maintenance Therapy Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2017; 44:359-364. [PMID: 28213673 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-017-0793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based employment model for people with severe mental illness, but it has not been evaluated for clients enrolled in substance abuse treatment programs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of IPS for people with opioid use disorders enrolled in an opioid treatment program. Within a randomized controlled experiment, 45 patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy were assigned to either IPS or a 6-month waitlist. The waitlist group received IPS after 6 months. The primary outcome assessed over 1 year compared the attainment of a job for the IPS condition to the waitlist comparison group. During the first 6 months after enrollment, 11 (50%) active IPS participants gained competitive employment compared to 1 (5%) waitlist participant (Χ 2 = 12.0, p < 0.001). Over 12 months of enrollment, 11 (50%) IPS participants gained competitive employment compared to 5 (22%) waitlist participants (Χ 2 = 3.92, p = 0.07). We conclude that IPS holds promise as an employment intervention for people with opioid use disorders in methadone maintenance treatment, but larger trials with longer follow-up are needed.
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McLaren J, Lichtenstein JD, Lynch D, Becker D, Drake R. Individual Placement and Support for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Program. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2017; 44:365-373. [DOI: 10.1007/s10488-017-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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