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Lani R, Thariq IM, Suhaimi NS, Hassandarvish P, Abu Bakar S. From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2306675. [PMID: 38263674 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a significant threat to global public health, with outbreaks occurring worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response against these viruses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating an inflammatory response. Significantly, TLRs commonly implicated in the immune response against viral infections include TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8; limiting or allowing them to replicate and spread within the host. Modulating TLRs has emerged as a promising approach to combat arbovirus infections. This review summarizes recent advances in TLR modulation as a therapeutic target in arbovirus infections. Studies have shown that the activation of TLRs can enhance the immune response against arbovirus infections, leading to increased viral clearance and protection against disease. Conversely, inhibition of TLRs can reduce the excessive inflammation and tissue damage associated with arbovirus infection. Modulating TLRs represents a potential therapeutic strategy to combat arbovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilya Maisarah Thariq
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuramira Syazreen Suhaimi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gao F, Dong J, Li J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Sun C, Ye X. TLR21 is involved in the NF-κB and IFN-β pathways in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and interacts with TRIF but not with the Myd88 adaptor. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109734. [PMID: 38950759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that trigger host immune responses against various pathogens by detecting evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR21 is a member of the Toll-like receptor family, and emerging data suggest that it recognises unmethylated CpG DNA and is considered a functional homologue of mammalian TLR9. However, little is known regarding the role of TLR21 in the fish immune response. In the present study, we isolated the cDNA sequence of TLR21 from the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and termed it MsTLR21. The MsTLR21 gene contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 2931 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 976 amino acids. The predicted MsTLR21 protein has two conserved domains, a conserved leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin (IL) receptor (TIR) domain, similar to those of other fish and mammals. In healthy largemouth bass, the TLR21 transcript was broadly expressed in all the examined tissues, with the highest expression levels in the gills. After challenge with Nocardia seriolae and polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]), the expression of TLR21 mRNA was upregulated or downregulated in all tissues tested. Overexpression of TLR21 in 293T cells showed that it has a positive regulatory effect on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and interferons-β (IFN-β) activity. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that TLR21 was expressed in the cytoplasm. We performed pull-down assays and determined that TLR21 did not interact with myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88); however, it interacted with TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Taken together, these findings suggest that MsTLR21 plays important roles in TLR/IL-1R signalling pathways and the immune response to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Junjian Dong
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhilin Zhu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, China
| | - Hetong Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Chengfei Sun
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Xing Ye
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Camacho-Pérez MR, Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Ortiz-Butrón R, Covantes-Rosales CE, Benitez-Trinidad AB, Girón-Pérez DA, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Pavón L, Girón-Pérez MI. In vitro effect of diazoxon on cell signaling and second messengers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:77-83. [PMID: 38547424 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The physiological and molecular responses of leukocytes are altered by organophosphate pesticides. Some reports have shown that diazinon causes immunotoxic effects; diazoxon, the oxon metabolite of diazinon, is attributed to influence the immune response by affecting the leukocyte cholinergic system. In this study, the in vitro effects of diazoxon on molecules involved in cell signaling (cAMP, IP3, DAG, JAK1, and STAT3), which play a crucial role in the activation, differentiation, and survival of leukocytes, were evaluated. Data indicate that diazoxon leads to a decrease in cAMP concentration and an increase in basal IP3 levels. However, diazoxon does not affect basal levels of JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Instead, diazoxon inhibits leukocyte responsiveness to phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin, substances that, under normal conditions, enhance JAK/STAT signaling. These findings demonstrate that diazoxon significantly affects key molecular parameters related to cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Rafael Camacho-Pérez
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela Km. 9. Xalisco, Nayarit C.P. 63780, México
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
| | - Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
| | - Rocío Ortiz-Butrón
- Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek", Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N, CDMX C.P. 11340, México
| | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
| | - Alma Betsaida Benitez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
| | - Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
| | - Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan Ciudad de México C.P. 14370, México
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Centro, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia, Cd. Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit C.P. 63000, México
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4
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-like Receptor Response to Influenza Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5909. [PMID: 38892096 PMCID: PMC11172706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a significant global threat to human health. A tightly controlled host immune response is critical to avoid any detrimental effects of IAV infection. It is critical to investigate the association between the response of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and influenza virus. Because TLRs may act as a double-edged sword, a balanced TLR response is critical for the overall benefit of the host. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the TLR response is essential for targeting TLRs as a novel therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. To date, a limited number of studies have assessed TLR and IAV interactions. Therefore, further research on TLR interactions in IAV infection should be conducted to determine their role in host-virus interactions in disease causation or clearance of the virus. Although influenza virus vaccines are available, they have limited efficacy, which should be enhanced to improve their efficacy. In this study, we discuss the current status of our understanding of the TLR response in IAV infection and the strategies adopted by IAVs to avoid TLR-mediated immune surveillance, which may help in devising new therapeutic or preventive strategies. Furthermore, recent advances in the use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants to enhance influenza vaccine efficacy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Baig MS, Barmpoutsi S, Bharti S, Weigert A, Hirani N, Atre R, Khabiya R, Sharma R, Sarup S, Savai R. Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355012. [PMID: 38482001 PMCID: PMC10933033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways that are tightly regulated and interconnected. This process involves, among others, autoregulatory loops that activate and deactivate macrophages through various cytokines, stimulants, and other chemical mediators. Adaptor proteins play an indispensable role in facilitating various inflammatory signals. These proteins are dynamic and flexible modulators of immune cell signaling and act as molecular bridges between cell surface receptors and intracellular effector molecules. They are involved in regulating physiological inflammation and also contribute significantly to the development of chronic inflammatory processes. This is at least partly due to their involvement in the activation and deactivation of macrophages, leading to changes in the macrophages' activation/phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the 20 adaptor molecules and proteins that act as negative regulators of inflammation in macrophages and effectively suppress inflammatory signaling pathways. We emphasize the functional role of adaptors in signal transduction in macrophages and their influence on the phenotypic transition of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1-like states to anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. This endeavor mainly aims at highlighting and orchestrating the intricate dynamics of adaptor molecules by elucidating the associated key roles along with respective domains and opening avenues for therapeutic and investigative purposes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S. Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Spyridoula Barmpoutsi
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Shivmuni Sarup
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Aggeletopoulou I, Kalafateli M, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Exploring the role of IL-1β in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1307394. [PMID: 38323035 PMCID: PMC10845338 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1307394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a significant mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. The balance between IL-1β and its endogenous inhibitor-IL-1Ra-, plays a critical role in both initiation and regulation of inflammation. However, the precise role of IL-1β as a causative factor in IBD or simply a consequence of inflammation remains unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular and cellular characteristics of IL-1β, describes the existing evidence on the role of this cytokine as a modulator of intestinal homeostasis and an activator of inflammatory responses, and also discusses the role of microRNAs in the regulation of IL-1β-related inflammatory responses in IBD. Current evidence indicates that IL-1β is involved in several aspects during IBD as it greatly contributes to the induction of pro-inflammatory responses through the recruitment and activation of immune cells to the gut mucosa. In parallel, IL-1β is involved in the intestinal barrier disruption and modulates the differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells by activating the Th17 cell differentiation, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Dysbiosis in the gut can also stimulate immune cells to release IL-1β, which, in turn, promotes inflammation. Lastly, increasing evidence pinpoints the central role of miRNAs involvement in IL-1β-related signaling during IBD, particularly in the maintenance of homeostasis within the intestinal epithelium. In conclusion, given the crucial role of IL-1β in the promotion of inflammation and immune responses in IBD, the targeting of this cytokine or its receptors represents a promising therapeutic approach. Further research into the IL-1β-associated post-transcriptional modifications may elucidate the intricate role of this cytokine in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kalafateli
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efthymios P. Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Pandey SP, Bhaskar R, Han SS, Narayanan KB. Autoimmune Responses and Therapeutic Interventions for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comprehensive Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:499-518. [PMID: 37718519 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230915112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Lupus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of multiorgan malfunctioning of extremely heterogeneous and unclear etiology that affects multiple organs and physiological systems. Some racial groups and women of childbearing age are more susceptible to SLE pathogenesis. Impressive progress has been made towards a better understanding of different immune components contributing to SLE pathogenesis. Recent investigations have uncovered the detailed mechanisms of inflammatory responses and organ damage. Various environmental factors, pathogens, and toxicants, including ultraviolet light, drugs, viral pathogens, gut microbiome metabolites, and sex hormones trigger the onset of SLE pathogenesis in genetically susceptible individuals and result in the disruption of immune homeostasis of cytokines, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Diagnosis and clinical investigations of SLE remain challenging due to its clinical heterogeneity and hitherto only a few approved antimalarials, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available for treatment. However, the adverse effects of renal and neuropsychiatric lupus and late diagnosis make therapy challenging. Additionally, SLE is also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to inflammatory responses and the risk of infection from immunosuppressive treatment. Due to the diversity of symptoms and treatment-resistant diseases, SLE management remains a challenging issue. Nevertheless, the use of next-generation therapeutics with stem cell and gene therapy may bring better outcomes to SLE treatment in the future. This review highlights the autoimmune responses as well as potential therapeutic interventions for SLE particularly focusing on the recent therapeutic advancements and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Pandey
- Aarogya Institute of Healthcare and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302033, India
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
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8
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Aiassa LV, Battaglia G, Rizzello L. The multivalency game ruling the biology of immunity. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041306. [PMID: 38505426 PMCID: PMC10914136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in our immune system, preserving tissue health and defending against harmful pathogens. This article examines the diversity of macrophages influenced by tissue-specific functions and developmental origins, both in normal and disease conditions. Understanding the spectrum of macrophage activation states, especially in pathological situations where they contribute significantly to disease progression, is essential to develop targeted therapies effectively. These states are characterized by unique receptor compositions and phenotypes, but they share commonalities. Traditional drugs that target individual entities are often insufficient. A promising approach involves using multivalent systems adorned with multiple ligands to selectively target specific macrophage populations based on their phenotype. Achieving this requires constructing supramolecular structures, typically at the nanoscale. This review explores the theoretical foundation of engineered multivalent nanosystems, dissecting the key parameters governing specific interactions. The goal is to design targeting systems based on distinct cell phenotypes, providing a pragmatic approach to navigating macrophage heterogeneity's complexities for more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Uehre GM, Tchaikovski S, Ignatov A, Zenclussen AC, Busse M. B Cells Induce Early-Onset Maternal Inflammation to Protect against LPS-Induced Fetal Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16091. [PMID: 38003279 PMCID: PMC10671511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal balance between B regulatory (Breg) cells and inflammatory B cells is of central importance for protection against preterm birth (PTB). However, the impact of B cell signaling in early maternal and fetal immune responses on inflammatory insults remains underinvestigated. To understand which role B cells and B-cell-specific signaling play in the pathogenesis of PTB, the later was induced by an injection of LPS in B cell-sufficient WT mice, CD19-/-, BMyD88-/- and µMT murine dams at gestational day 16 (gd 16). WT dams developed a strong inflammatory response in their peritoneal cavity (PC), with an increased infiltration of granulocytes and enhanced IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 and MCP-1 levels. However, they demonstrated a reduced NOS2 expression of PC macrophages 4 h after the LPS injection. Simultaneously, LPS-challenged WT dams upregulated pregnancy-protective factors like IL-10 and TARC. The concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the placental supernatants, amniotic fluids, fetal serums and gestational tissues were lower in LPS-challenged WT dams compared to CD19-/-, BMyD88-/- and µMT dams, thereby protecting WT fetuses from being born preterm. B cell deficiency, or the loss of B-cell-specific CD19 or MyD88 expression, resulted in an early shift from immune regulation towards inflammation at the fetomaternal interface and fetuses, resulting in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Marie Uehre
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany;
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Svetlana Tchaikovski
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
- Saxonian Incubator for Translation Research, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany;
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.T.); (A.I.)
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10
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Chen X, Wang Z, Deng R, Yan H, Liu X, Kang R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammatory microenvironment: expression, pathology, and therapeutic strategies. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1811-1828. [PMID: 37665342 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP), posing a significant socioeconomic burden. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of inflammatory microenvironment in IDD progression. METHOD A keyword-based search was performed using the PubMed database for published articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines disrupts intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, causing atrophy, fibrosis, and phenotypic changes in nucleus pulposus cells. Modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and restoring cytokine balance hold promise for IVD repair and regeneration. This comprehensive review systematically examines the expression regulation, pathological effects, therapeutic strategies, and future challenges associated with the inflammatory microenvironment and relevant cytokines in IDD. Key inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines, exhibit significant pathological effects in IDD. Furthermore, major therapeutic modalities such as chemical antagonists, biologics, plant extracts, and gene transcription therapies are introduced to control and ameliorate the inflammatory microenvironment. These approaches provide valuable insights for identifying potential targets in future anti-inflammatory treatments for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Kang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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11
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ElSayed MH, Atif HM, Eladl MA, Elaidy SM, Helaly AMN, Hisham FA, Farag NE, Osman NMS, Ibrahiem AT, Khella HWZ, Bilasy SE, Albalawi MA, Helal MA, Alzlaiq WA, Zaitone SA. Betanin improves motor function and alleviates experimental Parkinsonism via downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway: Molecular docking and biological investigations. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114917. [PMID: 37244180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neuroinflammatory and degenerative disease. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective action of betanin in the rotenone-induced Parkinson-like mice model. Twenty-eight adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, Rotenone, Rotenone + Betanin 50 mg/kg, and Rotenone + Betanin 100 mg/kg. Parkinsonism was induced by subcutaneous injection of 9 doses of rotenone (1 mg/kg/48 h) plus betanin at 50 and 100 mg/kg/48 h in rotenone + betanin groups for twenty days. Motor dysfunction was assessed after the end of the therapeutic period using the pole, rotarod, open-field, grid, and cylinder tests. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response-88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa- B (NF-κB), neuronal degeneration in the striatum were evaluated. In addition, we assessed the immunohistochemical densities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in Str and in substantia nigra compacta (SNpc). Our results showed that rotenone remarkably decreased (results of tests), increased decreased TH density with a significant increase in MDA, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and a decrease in GSH (p < 0.05). Treatment with betanin significantly results of tests), increased TH density. Furthermore, betanin significantly downregulated malondialdehyde and improved GSH. Additionally, the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB was significantly alleviated. Betanin's powerful antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties can be related to its neuroprotective potential as well as its ability to delay or prevent neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H ElSayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda M Atif
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samah M Elaidy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M N Helaly
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Azzahraa Hisham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha E Farag
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noura M S Osman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba W Z Khella
- Department of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON M2H 3J1, Canada
| | - Shymaa E Bilasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; College of Dental Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | | | - Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12587, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wafa Ali Alzlaiq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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12
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Atre R, Sharma R, Vadim G, Solanki K, Wadhonkar K, Singh N, Patidar P, Khabiya R, Samaur H, Banerjee S, Baig MS. The indispensability of macrophage adaptor proteins in chronic inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110176. [PMID: 37104916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins represent key signalling molecules involved in regulating immune responses. The host's innate immune system recognizes pathogens via various surface and intracellular receptors. Adaptor molecules are centrally involved in different receptor-mediated signalling pathways, acting as bridges between the receptors and other molecules. The presence of adaptors in major signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases has drawn attention toward the role of these proteins in such diseases. In this review, we summarize the importance and roles of different adaptor molecules in macrophage-mediated signalling in various chronic disease states. We highlight the mechanistic roles of adaptors and how they are involved in protein-protein interactions (PPI) via different domains to carry out signalling. Hence, we also provide insights into how targeting these adaptor proteins can be a good therapeutic strategy against various chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Gaponenko Vadim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kundan Solanki
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Khandu Wadhonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Pramod Patidar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India; School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India
| | - Harshita Samaur
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India.
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13
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Reza Lahimchi M, Eslami M, Yousefi B. Interleukin-35 and Interleukin-37 anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory bowel disease: Application of non-coding RNAs in IBD therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109932. [PMID: 37012889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread autoimmune disease that may even be life-threatening. IBD is divided into two major subtypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 are anti-inflammatory cytokines that belong to IL-12 and IL-1 families, respectively. Their recruitment relieves inflammation in various autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and IBD. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are the primary producers of IL-35/IL-37. IL-35 and IL-37 orchestrate the regulation of the immune system through two main strategies: Blocking nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways or promoting the proliferation of Tregs and Bregs. Moreover, IL-35 and IL-37 can also inhibit inflammation by adjusting the T helper (Th)17/Treg ratio balance. Among the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-35 and IL-37 have significant potential to reduce intestinal inflammation. Therefore, administering IL-35/IL-37-based drugs or blocking their inhibitor microRNAs could be a promising approach to alleviate IBD symptoms. Overall, in this review article, we summarized the therapeutic application of IL-35 and IL-37 in both human and experimental models of IBD. Also, it is hoped that this practical information will reach beyond IBD therapy and shed some light on treating all intestinal inflammations.
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14
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Kumar L, Brenner N, Sledzieski S, Olaosebikan M, Roger LM, Lynn-Goin M, Klein-Seetharaman R, Berger B, Putnam H, Yang J, Lewinski NA, Singh R, Daniels NM, Cowen L, Klein-Seetharaman J. Transfer of knowledge from model organisms to evolutionarily distant non-model organisms: The coral Pocillopora damicornis membrane signaling receptome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0270965. [PMID: 36735673 PMCID: PMC9897584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ease of gene sequencing and the technology available to study and manipulate non-model organisms, the extension of the methodological toolbox required to translate our understanding of model organisms to non-model organisms has become an urgent problem. For example, mining of large coral and their symbiont sequence data is a challenge, but also provides an opportunity for understanding functionality and evolution of these and other non-model organisms. Much more information than for any other eukaryotic species is available for humans, especially related to signal transduction and diseases. However, the coral cnidarian host and human have diverged over 700 million years ago and homologies between proteins in the two species are therefore often in the gray zone, or at least often undetectable with traditional BLAST searches. We introduce a two-stage approach to identifying putative coral homologues of human proteins. First, through remote homology detection using Hidden Markov Models, we identify candidate human homologues in the cnidarian genome. However, for many proteins, the human genome alone contains multiple family members with similar or even more divergence in sequence. In the second stage, therefore, we filter the remote homology results based on the functional and structural plausibility of each coral candidate, shortlisting the coral proteins likely to have conserved some of the functions of the human proteins. We demonstrate our approach with a pipeline for mapping membrane receptors in humans to membrane receptors in corals, with specific focus on the stony coral, P. damicornis. More than 1000 human membrane receptors mapped to 335 coral receptors, including 151 G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). To validate specific sub-families, we chose opsin proteins, representative GPCRs that confer light sensitivity, and Toll-like receptors, representative non-GPCRs, which function in the immune response, and their ability to communicate with microorganisms. Through detailed structure-function analysis of their ligand-binding pockets and downstream signaling cascades, we selected those candidate remote homologues likely to carry out related functions in the corals. This pipeline may prove generally useful for other non-model organisms, such as to support the growing field of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States of America
| | - Nathanael Brenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States of America
| | - Samuel Sledzieski
- MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Monsurat Olaosebikan
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Liza M. Roger
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Lynn-Goin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States of America
| | | | - Bonnie Berger
- MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Hollie Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI, United States of America
| | - Jinkyu Yang
- Department of Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nastassja A. Lewinski
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Rohit Singh
- MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Noah M. Daniels
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI, United States of America
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Green EA, Garrick SP, Peterson B, Berger PJ, Galinsky R, Hunt RW, Cho SX, Bourke JE, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA. The Role of the Interleukin-1 Family in Complications of Prematurity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032795. [PMID: 36769133 PMCID: PMC9918069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Complications of prematurity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, affecting the lung), pulmonary hypertension associated with BPD (BPD-PH, heart), white matter injury (WMI, brain), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, eyes), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, gut) and sepsis are among the major causes of long-term morbidity in infants born prematurely. Though the origins are multifactorial, inflammation and in particular the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is now recognized as a key driver of the pathophysiology underlying these illnesses. Here, we review the involvement of the interleukin (IL)-1 family in perinatal inflammation and its clinical implications, with a focus on the potential of these cytokines as therapeutic targets for the development of safe and effective treatments for early life inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elys A. Green
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven P. Garrick
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Briana Peterson
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Philip J. Berger
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Robert Galinsky
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Rod W. Hunt
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven X. Cho
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jane E. Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel F. Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Claudia A. Nold-Petry
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Characterization of the novel temperate Staphylococcus haemolyticus phage IME1365_01. Arch Virol 2023; 168:41. [PMID: 36609576 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a novel functional prophage, IME1365_01, was predicted from bacterial high-throughput sequencing data and then successfully induced from Staphylococcus haemolyticus by mitomycin C treatment. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage IME1365_01 has an icosahedral head (43 nm in diameter) and a long tail (172 nm long). This phage possesses a double-stranded DNA genome of 44,875 bp with a G+C content of 35.35%. A total of 63 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in its genome. BLASTn analysis revealed that IME1365_01 is similar to Staphylococcus phage vB_SepS_E72, but with a genome homology coverage of only 26%. The phage genome does not have fixed termini. In ORF24 of phage IME1365_01, a conserved Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain of the TIR_2 superfamily (accession no. c123749) is located at its N-terminus, and this might serve as a component of an anti-bacterial system. In conclusion, we developed a platform to obtain active temperate phage from prediction, identification, and induction from its bacterial host. After mass screening using this platform, numerous temperate phages and their innate anti-bacterial elements can provide extensive opportunities for therapy against bacterial (especially drug-resistant bacterial) infections.
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17
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Peng X, Huang C, Zhang N, Cao Y, Chen Z, Ma W, Liu Z. The mechanism study of Miao medicine Tongfengting decoction in the treatment of gout based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32300. [PMID: 36595750 PMCID: PMC9794283 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study sought to clarify the mechanism of action of Miao medicine Tongfengting decoction in the treatment of gout through network pharmacology and molecular docking by searching for its key targets and related pathways. METHODS The active ingredients of Miao medicine Tongfengting Decoction were obtained from the TCMSP data platform, searched the relevant databases for gout-related targets,using String and Cytoscape 3.9 to build a "compound-cross-target-disease" network diagram,performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis in the DAVID database, and performed the docking analysis using PyMoL 2.3.0 and AutoDock. RESULTS After screening, 298 main targets of the Miao medicine Tongfengting decoction for gout were identified. The target network is established, and the topology of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network is analyzed. The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway showed that these targets were related to Pathways in cancer, PI3K Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and other pathways. Molecular docking showed that the target protein had good binding power with the main active components of the compound of Miao medicine Tongfengting Decoction. CONCLUSION Miao medicine Tongfengting decoction probably regulates immune mechanism using a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway strategy to reduce inflammatory response and exert its therapeutic effect on gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Cong Huang
- Basic medical college, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian District, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Prescription and Syndrome Pharmacology in Chinese Medicine, Guian District, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Basic medical college, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian District, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Prescription and Syndrome Pharmacology in Chinese Medicine, Guian District, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Cao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Zhengqi Liu, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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18
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Recent Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Functionalized Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122832. [PMID: 36559325 PMCID: PMC9782855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in several applications in the past few decades related to biomedicine and healthcare. Among them, nanogels (NGs) have emerged as an important nanoplatform with the properties of both hydrogels and nanoparticles for the controlled/sustained delivery of chemo drugs, nucleic acids, or other bioactive molecules for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. In the recent past, significant research efforts have been invested in synthesizing NGs through various synthetic methodologies such as free radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer method (RAFT) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as well as emulsion techniques. With further polymeric functionalizations using activated esters, thiol-ene/yne processes, imines/oximes formation, cycloadditions, nucleophilic addition reactions of isocyanates, ring-opening, and multicomponent reactions were used to obtain functionalized NGs for targeted delivery of drug and other compounds. NGs are particularly intriguing for use in the areas of diagnosis, analytics, and biomedicine due to their nanodimensionality, material characteristics, physiological stability, tunable multi-functionality, and biocompatibility. Numerous NGs with a wide range of functionalities and various external/internal stimuli-responsive modalities have been possible with novel synthetic reliable methodologies. Such continuous development of innovative, intelligent materials with novel characteristics is crucial for nanomedicine for next-generation biomedical applications. This paper reviews the synthesis and various functionalization strategies of NGs with a focus on the recent advances in different biomedical applications of these surface modified/functionalized single-/dual-/multi-responsive NGs, with various active targeting moieties, in the fields of cancer theranostics, immunotherapy, antimicrobial/antiviral, antigen presentation for the vaccine, sensing, wound healing, thrombolysis, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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19
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Zhang N, Li N, Wang S, Xu W, Liu J, Lyu Y, Li X, Song Y, Kong L, Liu Y, Guo J, Fan Z, Zhang D, Wang H. Protective effect of anakinra on audiovestibular function in a murine model of endolymphatic hydrops. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1088099. [PMID: 36589291 PMCID: PMC9798291 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1088099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ménière's disease (MD), a common disease in the inner ear, is characterized by an increase in endolymph in the cochlear duct and vestibular labyrinth. The pathophysiology of the condition appears to be the immune response. Studies have shown that basal levels of the IL-1β increased in some MD patients. Methods Here, we used a murine model of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) to study the effect of anakinra on auditory and vestibular function. Mice were intraperitoneal injected with anakinra or saline before LPS by postauricular injection. Weight and disease severity were measured, histologic changes in auditory were assessed, and inflammation state was evaluated. Results We found that anakinra therapy reduced LPS-induced EH, alleviated LPS-induced hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction, and inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration in the cochlea of mice. We further demonstrated that anakinra ameliorated the disorganization and degeneration of myelin sheath, and reduced the neuron damage in cochlea of EH mice. Discussion Consequently, anakinra contributes to a promising therapeutic approach to MD, by restricting EH, alleviating auditory and vestibular function, inhibiting inflammation of the inner ear and protecting the cochlear nerve. Further investigations are needed to assess the potential therapeutic benefits of anakinra in patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China,Center of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wandi Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yafeng Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongdong Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ligang Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daogong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Daogong Zhang,
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Provincial Vertigo and Dizziness Medical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China,Laboratory of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China,Haibo Wang,
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20
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Molecular characterization of four innate immune genes in Tor putitora and their comparative transcriptional abundance during wild- and captive-bred ontogenetic developmental stages. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Poxviruses and the immune system: Implications for monkeypox virus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109364. [PMID: 36283221 PMCID: PMC9598838 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses (PXVs) are mostly known for the variola virus, being the cause of smallpox; however, re-emerging PXVs have also shown a great capacity to develop outbreaks of pox-like infections in humans. The situation is alarming; PXV outbreaks have been involving both endemic and non-endemic areas in recent decades. Stopped smallpox vaccination is a reason offered mainly for this changing epidemiology that implies the protective role of immunity in the pathology of PXV infections. The immune system recognizes PXVs and elicits responses, but PXVs can antagonize these responses. Here, we briefly review the immunology of PXV infections, with emphasis on the role of pattern-recognition receptors, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the early response to PXV infections and PXVs’ strategies influencing these responses, as well as taking a glance at other immune cells, which discussion over them mainly occurs in association with PXV immunization rather than PXV infection. Throughout the review, numerous evasion mechanisms are highlighted, which might have implications for designing specific immunotherapies for PXV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Xin S, Lv X, Zheng WW, Wang L, Xu T, Sun Y. Circular RNA circRara promote the innate immune responses in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:557-564. [PMID: 35988709 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the in-depth study of circRNA, more and more biological studies have shown that circRNAs play an important role in mammals, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, development and disease state. However, the regulatory mechanism of circRNA in lower vertebrates remains unclear. Here, we found a new circular RNA and named it circRara. We carried out the experimental study on its antiviral and antibacterial response, cell proliferation and activity. The results showed that circRara had a positive regulatory effect on the antiviral and antibacterial response, cell proliferation and activity in miiuy croaker. First, we found that the expression of circRara could be up-regulated under the stimulation of LPS and poly (I: C), but not the expression of linear Rara. In addition, the increase of circRara can increase the production of inflammatory factors and antiviral genes, which was confirmed by double luciferase reporter gene experiment and qPCR. These results will help to further understand the immunomodulatory mechanism of circRNA in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Xin
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Linchao Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, China.
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, China.
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23
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Li Y, Qiao X, Hou L, Liu X, Li Q, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang L, Song L. A stimulator of interferon gene (CgSTING) involved in antimicrobial immune response of oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:82-90. [PMID: 35917891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon gene (STING), an intracellular sensor of cyclic dinucleotides, is critical to the innate immune response, especially the induction of type I interferon (IFN) during pathogenic infection. A STING homologue (CgSTING) regulating the expression of IFN-like protein (CgIFNLP) was previously identified in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and its involvement in antibacterial immunity was further investigated in the present study. The mRNA transcripts of CgSTING were ubiquitously detected in all the three subpopulations of haemocytes with the highest expression in semi-granulocytes. After the stimulation with Vibrio splendidus, the mRNA expression of CgSTING in haemocytes was significantly up-regulated and peaked at 72 h, which was 12.91-fold of that in control group (p < 0.01). The CgSTING protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of haemocytes. After the expression of CgSTING was knocked down (0.12-fold of that in control group, p < 0.05) by RNAi, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin17-1 (CgIL17-1), interleukin17-3 (CgIL17-3), interleukin17-4 (CgIL17-4), defensins (Cgdefh1, Cgdefh2), big defensin (CgBigDef1), interferon-like protein (CgIFNLP), tumor necrosis factor (CgTNF) and nuclear factor-κB (CgRel) all decreased significantly at 12 h after V. splendidus stimulation, which was 0.12-fold-0.72-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively. The positive signals of CgRel were observed in the haemocyte nucleus after V. splendidus stimulation. The nuclear translocation of CgRel was suppressed in CgSTING-RNAi oysters, and the green signals of CgRel were mainly observed in the haemocyte cytoplasm after V. splendidus stimulation. Furthermore, the number of V. splendidus in the haemolymph of CgSTING-RNAi oysters increased significantly, which was 26.78-fold (p < 0.01) of that in the control group at 12 h after V. splendidus stimulation. These results indicated that CgSTING played important role in the immune defense against bacterial infection by inducing the expressions of cytokines and defensins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lilin Hou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - YuHao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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24
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Gao F, Pang J, Lu M, Liu Z, Wang M, Ke X, Yi M, Cao J. Nile tilapia TLR3 recruits MyD88 and TRIF as adaptors and is involved in the NF-κB pathway in the immune response. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:878-890. [PMID: 35908672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
TLR3 plays a crucial role in innate immunity. In the present study, OnTLR3 was identified in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, with a conserved LRR domain and a C-terminal TIR domain. OnTLR3 was broadly expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression levels in the blood and the lowest in the kidney. TLR3 mRNA could be detected from pharyngula (2.5 dpf) to late larva (8.5 dpf) during embryonic and larval development. Moreover, the expression level of OnTLR3 was clearly altered in all five tissues after Streptococcus agalactiae infection in vivo and could be induced by LPS, poly(I:C), S. agalactiae WC1535 and △CPS in Nile tilapia macrophages. When OnTLR3 was overexpressed in 293 T cells, it was distributed in the cytoplasm and could significantly increase NF-κB activation. The pulldown assays showed that OnTLR3 interacted with both OnMyD88 and OnTRIF. The binding assays revealed the specificity of OnTLR3 for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria that included S. agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila and poly(I:C), LPS and PGN. Taken together, these findings suggest that OnTLR3, as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), might play an important role in the immune response to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jicai Pang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang 261021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Maixin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiaoli Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Mengmeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jianmeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
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25
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Zhou J, Xiao Y, Ren Y, Ge J, Wang X. Structural basis of the IL-1 receptor TIR domain-mediated IL-1 signaling. iScience 2022; 25:104508. [PMID: 35754719 PMCID: PMC9213720 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) are evolutionally conserved and essential for transmitting signals. IL-1RAcP is a shared co-receptor in the IL-1R family for signaling. Its splicing form IL-1RAcPb contains a different TIR domain and is unable to transduce NF-κB signaling. Here, we determined crystal structures of TIR domains of IL-1RAcPb and other IL-1Rs including IL-18Rβ, IL-1RAPL2, and zebrafish SIGIRR (zSIGIRR). Structurally variant regions in the TIR domain important for signaling were revealed by structural comparisons. Taking advantage of the IL-1RAcP/IL-1RAcPb pair, we demonstrated that differential TIR domain determines signaling discrepancies between IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb. We also proved the functional importance of two helices (αC and αD) in the structurally variable regions and pinpointed critical residues in αC and αD for signaling. These results collectively provide additional and important knowledge for fully understanding the molecular basis of IL-1R TIR domain in mediating signaling. The crystal structures of several IL-1R TIR domains were determinated Structurally variant regions in TIR domains were revealed by structural comparisons Differential TIR domain determines signaling discrepancy between IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb αC/αD regions and several residues there were proved to be vital for IL-1 signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Zhou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiwan Ge
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Lee E, Redzic JS, Nemkov T, Saviola AJ, Dzieciatkowska M, Hansen KC, D’Alessandro A, Dinarello C, Eisenmesser EZ. Human and Bacterial Toll-Interleukin Receptor Domains Exhibit Distinct Dynamic Features and Functions. Molecules 2022; 27:4494. [PMID: 35889366 PMCID: PMC9318647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) domains have emerged as critical players involved in innate immune signaling in humans but are also expressed as potential virulence factors within multiple pathogenic bacteria. However, there has been a shortage of structural studies aimed at elucidating atomic resolution details with respect to their interactions, potentially owing to their dynamic nature. Here, we used a combination of biophysical and biochemical studies to reveal the dynamic behavior and functional interactions of a panel of both bacterial TIR-containing proteins and mammalian receptor TIR domains. Regarding dynamics, all three bacterial TIR domains studied here exhibited an inherent exchange that led to severe resonance line-broadening, revealing their intrinsic dynamic nature on the intermediate NMR timescale. In contrast, the three mammalian TIR domains studied here exhibited a range in terms of their dynamic exchange that spans multiple timescales. Functionally, only the bacterial TIR domains were catalytic towards the cleavage of NAD+, despite the conservation of the catalytic nucleophile on human TIR domains. Our development of NMR-based catalytic assays allowed us to further identify differences in product formation for gram-positive versus gram-negative bacterial TIR domains. Differences in oligomeric interactions were also revealed, whereby bacterial TIR domains self-associated solely through their attached coil-coil domains, in contrast to the mammalian TIR domains that formed homodimers and heterodimers through reactive cysteines. Finally, we provide the first atomic-resolution studies of a bacterial coil-coil domain and provide the first atomic model of the TIR domain from a human anti-inflammatory IL-1R8 protein that undergoes a slow inherent exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Jasmina S. Redzic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Anthony J. Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Charles Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elan Z. Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.L.); (J.S.R.); (T.N.); (A.J.S.); (M.D.); (K.C.H.); (A.D.)
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Pan J, Zheng W, Sun Y, Xu T. The long noncoding RNA LTCONS5539 up-regulates the TRAF6-mediated immune responses in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:263-270. [PMID: 35618171 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the further study of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), an increasing number of biological studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are involved in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, development and disease states. However, unlike mammals, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in the innate immunity of teleost fish. Here, we identify a lncRNA, named LTCONS5539, as critical role in the antiviral and antibacterial response of miiuy croaker and the results showed that lncRNA LTCONS5539 plays a critical regulatory role on TRAF6. Firstly, we found that LPS and poly(I:C) can up-regulate the expression of lncRNA LTCONS5539. Elevated lncRNA LTCONS5539 is capable of increasing the production of inflammatory factors and antiviral genes. Furthermore, the over-expression of lncRNA LTCONS5539 increases the expression of TRAF6 which was confirmed by qPCR and western blotting. On these foundations, we also proved that lncRNA LTCONS5539 modulates innate immunity through TRAF6-mediated immune responses through dual luciferase reporter assay. These results will help to further understand the immunomodulatory mechanisms of lncRNA in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Pan
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
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Matarazzo L, Hernandez Santana YE, Walsh PT, Fallon PG. The IL-1 cytokine family as custodians of barrier immunity. Cytokine 2022; 154:155890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen W, Hu M, Wei T, Liu Y, Tan T, Zhang C, Weng J. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 participates in the modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:1317-1329. [PMID: 35837195 PMCID: PMC9274051 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) occur frequently in the digestive system and are associated with high mortality. This current study examined the regulatory relationship between interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the growth and metastasis of HCC. METHODS The expression of IRAK1 and NLRP3 was assessed in tissues and cells via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Immunohistology was performed to detect the macrophage markers CD68, CD163, and CD168 in tumor tissues. Small interfering (si)RNA targeting IRAK1 (si-IRAK1) was designed to silence IRAK1 expression. Following si-IRAK1 transfection and/or co-culture with TAMs, HCC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the expression of NLRP3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β, IL-18, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were assessed. RESULTS HCC tissues showed elevated expression of IRAK1 and NLRP3, as well as increased expression of the macrophage markers CD68, CD163, and CD168, compared to adjacent healthy tissues. Silencing of IRAK1 expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells resulted in suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and also reduced expression of NLRP3 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and MCP-1. Moreover, TAMs promoted HepG2 and Huh7 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and elevated the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and MCP-1. Furthermore, IRAK1 silencing reversed the effects of TAMs on HepG2 and Huh7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression of IRAK1 was associated with HCC growth and metastasis, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The ability of TAMs to promote HCC growth and metastasis may be activated by NLRP3 inflammasomes and regulated by IRAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tan
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Weng
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
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Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105475. [PMID: 35628287 PMCID: PMC9141274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
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Liu R, Qi Y, Feng H, Niu Y, Zhang F, Yang G, Shan S. Fish-specific Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) from Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is involved in immune response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:313-323. [PMID: 35421574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a critical role in innate immune responses against pathogens. In the present study, a fish-specific TLR14 was identified and characterized from Monopterus albus (named MaTLR14), which consisted of a 2658 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 885 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaTLR14 belong to the TLR1 subfamily and shared the highest similarity to Paralichthys olivaceus TLR14. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that MaTLR14 mainly located in intestinal epithelial cells of hindgut. Immunofluorescence revealed that MaTLR14 largely localized to the intracellular region and partially co-localized with cell membrane of HeLa cells. The expression levels of MaTLR14 were upregulated in the liver, spleen, foregut and hindgut post infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. When stimulated with LPS and Flagellin, the MaTLR14 expression was elevated in isolated peripheral blood leukocytes. Further studies showed that recombinant MaTLR14-LRR could bind to both the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and cause agglutination. Subsequently, the signaling pathway of MaTLR14 was investigated. Confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that MaTLR14 recruited MyD88 as adaptor. When overexpressed, MaTLR14 augmented the expression of TRAF6 and phosphorylation of ERK and p65, activated NF-κB and AP-1 and elicited the expression of il-6 and tnf-α. Collectively, MaTLR14 plays an important role in the microorganism recognition and signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hanxiao Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fumiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Giat E, Ben-Zvi I, Lidar M, Livneh A. The Preferential Use of Anakinra in Various Settings of FMF: A Review Applied to an Updated Treatment-Related Perspective of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3956. [PMID: 35409316 PMCID: PMC8999740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most frequent monogenic autoinflammatory disease, is manifested with recurrent and chronic inflammation and amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, driven by overproduction of interleukin 1 (IL-1) through an activated pyrin inflammasome. Consequently, non-responsiveness to colchicine, the cornerstone of FMF treatment, is nowadays addressed by IL-1- blockers. Each of the two IL-1 blockers currently used in FMF, anakinra and canakinumab, has its own merits for FMF care. Here we focus on anakinra, a recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, and explore the literature by using PubMed regarding the utility of anakinra in certain conditions of FMF. Occasionally we enrich published data with our own experience. To facilitate insights to anakinra role, the paper briefs some clinical, genetic, pathogenetic, and management aspects of FMF. The clinical settings of FMF covered in this review include colchicine resistance, AA amyloidosis, renal transplantation, protracted febrile myalgia, on- demand use, leg pain, arthritis, temporary suspension of colchicine, pediatric patients, and pregnancy and lactation. In many of these instances, either because of safety concerns or a necessity for only transient and short-term use, anakinra, due to its short half-life, is the preferred IL-1 blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Giat
- FMF Clinic, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (E.G.); (I.B.-Z.); (M.L.)
- Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Ilan Ben-Zvi
- FMF Clinic, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (E.G.); (I.B.-Z.); (M.L.)
- Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
- The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Merav Lidar
- FMF Clinic, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (E.G.); (I.B.-Z.); (M.L.)
- Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Avi Livneh
- FMF Clinic, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (E.G.); (I.B.-Z.); (M.L.)
- Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
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Manzanares-Meza LD, Valle-Rios R, Medina-Contreras O. Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 2: One Receptor, Three Agonists, and Many Implications. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:49-61. [PMID: 35171706 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily of cytokines comprises 11 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which play essential roles during the immune response. Several pathogenic pathways are initiated by IL-1RL2 (interleukin 1 receptor-like 2) signaling, also known as IL-36R, in the skin, lungs, and gut. IL-36 cytokines promote the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, upregulation of antimicrobial peptides, proliferation mediators, and adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. In addition, the IL-36-IL-1RL2 axis has an essential role against viral infections, including a potential role in COVID-19 pathology. The evidence presented in this review highlights the importance of the axis IL-36-IL-1RL2 in the development of several inflammation-related diseases and the healing process. It suggests that IL-1RL2 ligands have specific roles depending on the tissue or cell source. However, there is still much to discover about this cytokine family, their functions in other organs, and how they accomplish a dual effect in inflammation and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Manzanares-Meza
- Epidemiology, Endocrinology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico Children's Hospital (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- Research Division, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Immunology and Proteomics Research Unit, Mexico Children's Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Epidemiology, Endocrinology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico Children's Hospital (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
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Díaz-Díaz LM, Rodríguez-Villafañe A, García-Arrarás JE. The Role of the Microbiota in Regeneration-Associated Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:768783. [PMID: 35155442 PMCID: PMC8826689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota, the set of microorganisms associated with a particular environment or host, has acquired a prominent role in the study of many physiological and developmental processes. Among these, is the relationship between the microbiota and regenerative processes in various organisms. Here we introduce the concept of the microbiota and its involvement in regeneration-related cellular events. We then review the role of the microbiota in regenerative models that extend from the repair of tissue layers to the regeneration of complete organs or animals. We highlight the role of the microbiota in the digestive tract, since it accounts for a significant percentage of an animal microbiota, and at the same time provides an outstanding system to study microbiota effects on regeneration. Lastly, while this review serves to highlight echinoderms, primarily holothuroids, as models for regeneration studies, it also provides multiple examples of microbiota-related interactions in other processes in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie M Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - José E García-Arrarás
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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35
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Johnson CM, Harden MM, Grossman AD. Interactions between mobile genetic elements: An anti-phage gene in an integrative and conjugative element protects host cells from predation by a temperate bacteriophage. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010065. [PMID: 35157704 PMCID: PMC8880864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacterial genomes contain horizontally acquired and transmissible mobile genetic elements, including temperate bacteriophages and integrative and conjugative elements. Little is known about how these elements interact and co-evolved as parts of their host genomes. In many cases, it is not known what advantages, if any, these elements provide to their bacterial hosts. Most strains of Bacillus subtilis contain the temperate phage SPß and the integrative and conjugative element ICEBs1. Here we show that the presence of ICEBs1 in cells protects populations of B. subtilis from predation by SPß, likely providing selective pressure for the maintenance of ICEBs1 in B. subtilis. A single gene in ICEBs1 (yddK, now called spbK for SPß killing) was both necessary and sufficient for this protection. spbK inhibited production of SPß, during both activation of a lysogen and following de novo infection. We found that expression spbK, together with the SPß gene yonE constitutes an abortive infection system that leads to cell death. spbK encodes a TIR (Toll-interleukin-1 receptor)-domain protein with similarity to some plant antiviral proteins and animal innate immune signaling proteins. We postulate that many uncharacterized cargo genes in ICEs may confer selective advantage to cells by protecting against other mobile elements. Chromosomes from virtually all organisms contain genes that were horizontally acquired. In bacteria, many of the horizontally acquired genes are located in mobile genetic elements, elements that promote their own transfer from one cell to another. These elements include viruses and conjugative elements that are parts of the host genome and they can contain genes involved in metabolism, pathogenesis, symbiosis, and antibiotic resistances. Interactions between these elements are poorly understood. Furthermore, the majority of these elements confer no obvious benefit to host cells. We found that the presence of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) in a bacterial genome protects host cells from predation by a bacteriophage (virus). There is a single gene in the integrative and conjugative element that confers this protection, and one gene in the bacteriophage that likely works together with the ICE gene. When expressed at the same time, these two genes cause cell death, before functional viruses can be made and released to kill other cells. We postulate that other ICEs may confer selective advantage to their host cells by protecting against other mobile elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Johnson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Harden
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Grossman
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pustelny K, Kuska K, Gorecki A, Musielak B, Dobosz E, Wladyka B, Koziel J, Czarna A, Holak T, Dubin G. Mechanism of MyD88S mediated signal termination. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:10. [PMID: 35057808 PMCID: PMC8772076 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A universal adaptor protein, MyD88, orchestrates the innate immune response by propagating signals from toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R). Receptor activation seeds MyD88 dependent formation of a signal amplifying supramolecular organizing center (SMOC)—the myddosome. Alternatively spliced variant MyD88S, lacking the intermediate domain (ID), exhibits a dominant negative effect silencing the immune response, but the mechanistic understanding is limited. Methods Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate functionality of MyD88 variants and mutants. The dimerization potential of MyD88 variants and myddosome nucleation process were monitored by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. The ID secondary structure was characterized in silico employing I-TASSER server and in vitro using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD). Results We show that MyD88S is recruited to the nucleating SMOC and inhibits its maturation by interfering with incorporation of additional components. Biophysical analysis suggests that important functional role of ID is not supported by a well-defined secondary structure. Mutagenesis identifies Tyr116 as the only essential residue within ID required for myddosome nucleation and signal propagation (NF-κB activation). Conclusions Our results argue that the largely unstructured ID of MyD88 is not only a linker separating toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain and death domain (DD), but contributes intermolecular interactions pivotal in MyD88-dependent signaling. The dominant negative effect of MyD88S relies on quenching the myddosome nucleation and associated signal transduction. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00811-1.
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Macleod T, Berekmeri A, Bridgewood C, Stacey M, McGonagle D, Wittmann M. The Immunological Impact of IL-1 Family Cytokines on the Epidermal Barrier. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808012. [PMID: 35003136 PMCID: PMC8733307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin barrier would not function without IL-1 family members, but their physiological role in the immunological aspects of skin barrier function are often overlooked. This review summarises the role of IL-1 family cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, IL-37 and IL-38) in the skin. We focus on novel aspects of their interaction with commensals and pathogens, the important impact of proteases on cytokine activity, on healing responses and inflammation limiting mechanisms. We discuss IL-1 family cytokines in the context of IL-4/IL-13 and IL-23/IL-17 axis-driven diseases and highlight consequences of human loss/gain of function mutations in activating or inhibitory pathway molecules. This review highlights recent findings that emphasize the importance of IL-1 family cytokines in both physiological and pathological cutaneous inflammation and emergent translational therapeutics that are helping further elucidate these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Macleod
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Berekmeri
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stacey
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), The Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), The Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Gao F, Liu J, Lu M, Liu Z, Wang M, Ke X, Yi M, Cao J. Nile tilapia Toll-like receptor 7 subfamily: Intracellular TLRs that recruit MyD88 as an adaptor and activate the NF-κB pathway in the immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104173. [PMID: 34144119 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) subfamily members are important pattern recognition receptors that participate in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the present study, three TLR family members, OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9, were identified in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. TLR7-, TLR8-and TLR9-deduced proteins have typical structural characteristics of TLRs, including Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and transmembrane region (TM). OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 were broadly expressed in all of the tissues tested, with the highest expression levels in the brain (TLR7) and spleen (TLR8 and TLR9). Moreover, the expression levels of OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 were significantly increased in most tested tissues after Streptococcus agalactiae infection in vivo. After LPS stimulation, OnTLR7 and OnTLR9 mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the intestine and upregulated in the liver, spleen and kidney; however, OnTLR8 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the kidney only after LPS stimulation for 5 d. After Poly I:C stimulation, OnTLR7 and OnTLR9 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the intestine, liver, spleen and kidney, and the highest expression was found in the liver, while OnTLR8 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the intestine, liver and kidney and downregulated in the spleen. Subcellular localization of OnTLR7, OnTLR8, and OnTLR9 in 293T cells showed that OnTLR9 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus while OnTLR8 and OnTLR7 were distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 in 293T cells had no significant effect on the activity of NF-κB, but they could significantly enhance MyD88-mediated NF-κB activity after cotransfection with MyD88. Pulldown assays showed that OnTLR7, OnTLR8, and OnTLR9 could interact with OnMyD88. Taken together, these results indicate that TLR7 subfamily genes play a role in the immune response to pathogen invasion of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Maixin Lu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ke
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yi
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Jianmeng Cao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
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Bayan N, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Diabetic Retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105960. [PMID: 34718133 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Evidence has shown that DR is an inflammatory disease with hyperglycemia playing a causative role in the development of its main features, including inflammation, cellular apoptosis, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-known family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) responsible for the initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. TLR4 identifies both endogenous and exogenous ligands and is associated with various physiological and pathological pathways in the body. While the detailed pathophysiology of DR is still unclear, increasing data suggests a crucial role for TLR4 in the development of DR. Due to hyperglycemia, TLR4 expression increases in diabetic retina, which activates various pathways leading to DR. Considering the role of TLR4 in DR, several studies have focused on the association of TLR4 polymorphisms and risk of DR development. Moreover, evidence concerning the effect of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of DR, through their interaction with TLR4, indicates the determinant role of TLR4 in this disease. Of note, several agents have proven as effective in alleviating DR through the inhibition of the TLR4 pathway, suggesting new avenues in DR treatment. In this review, we provided a brief overview of the TLR4 structure and biological function and a more comprehensive discussion about the mechanisms of TLR4 activation in DR. Furthermore, we summarized the relationship between TLR4 polymorphisms and risk of DR and the relationship between microRNAs and TLR4 in DR. Finally, we discussed the current progress in designing TLR4 inhibitors, which could be helpful in DR clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Bayan
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu E, Sun J, Yang J, Li L, Yang Q, Zeng J, Zhang J, Chen D, Sun Q. ZDHHC11 Positively Regulates NF-κB Activation by Enhancing TRAF6 Oligomerization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710967. [PMID: 34490261 PMCID: PMC8417235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a RING domain ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling by regulating activation of the TAK1 and IKK complexes. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate TRAF6 E3 activity remain unclear. Here, we found that ZDHHC11, a member of the DHHC palmitoyl transferase family, functions as a positive modulator in NF-κB signaling. ZDHHC11 overexpression activated NF-κB, whereas ZDHHC11 deficiency impaired NF-κB activity stimulated by IL-1β, LPS, and DNA virus infection. Furthermore, Zdhhc11 knockout mice had a lower level of serum IL6 upon treatment with LPS and D-galactosamine or HSV-1 infection than control mice. Mechanistically, ZDHHC11 interacted with TRAF6 and then enhanced TRAF6 oligomerization, which increased E3 activity of TRAF6 for synthesis of K63-linked ubiquitination chains. Collectively, our study indicates that ZDHHC11 positively regulates NF-κB signaling by promoting TRAF6 oligomerization and ligase activity, subsequently activating TAK1 and IKK complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuqin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Axon degeneration is an active program of self-destruction mediated by the protein SARM1. In healthy neurons, SARM1 is autoinhibited and, upon injury autoinhibition is relieved, activating the SARM1 enzyme to deplete NAD+ and induce axon degeneration. SARM1 forms a homomultimeric octamer with each monomer composed of an N-terminal autoinhibitory ARM domain, tandem SAM domains that mediate multimerization, and a C-terminal TIR domain encoding the NADase enzyme. Here we discovered multiple intramolecular and intermolecular domain interfaces required for SARM1 autoinhibition using peptide mapping and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). We identified a candidate autoinhibitory region by screening a panel of peptides derived from the SARM1 ARM domain, identifying a peptide mediating high-affinity inhibition of the SARM1 NADase. Mutation of residues in full-length SARM1 within the region encompassed by the peptide led to loss of autoinhibition, rendering SARM1 constitutively active and inducing spontaneous NAD+ and axon loss. The cryo-EM structure of SARM1 revealed 1) a compact autoinhibited SARM1 octamer in which the TIR domains are isolated and prevented from oligomerization and enzymatic activation and 2) multiple candidate autoinhibitory interfaces among the domains. Mutational analysis demonstrated that five distinct interfaces are required for autoinhibition, including intramolecular and intermolecular ARM-SAM interfaces, an intermolecular ARM-ARM interface, and two ARM-TIR interfaces formed between a single TIR and two distinct ARM domains. These autoinhibitory regions are not redundant, as point mutants in each led to constitutively active SARM1. These studies define the structural basis for SARM1 autoinhibition and may enable the development of SARM1 inhibitors that stabilize the autoinhibited state.
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Mikhailova SV, Shcherbakova LV, Logvinenko NI, Logvinenko II, Voevoda MI. Polymorphism of genes associated with infectious lung diseases in Northern Asian populations and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:301-309. [PMID: 35083399 PMCID: PMC8698094 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.51-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes – rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene
and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene – have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that
rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of
selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic
conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these
variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP
(odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against
it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found
among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between
different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived
white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among
whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian
populations in the variants’ prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher
in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis
about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. V. Shcherbakova
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - I. I. Logvinenko
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
Novosibirsk State Medical University
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Kaur G, Iyer LM, Burroughs AM, Aravind L. Bacterial death and TRADD-N domains help define novel apoptosis and immunity mechanisms shared by prokaryotes and metazoans. eLife 2021; 10:70394. [PMID: 34061031 PMCID: PMC8195603 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several homologous domains are shared by eukaryotic immunity and programmed cell-death systems and poorly understood bacterial proteins. Recent studies show these to be components of a network of highly regulated systems connecting apoptotic processes to counter-invader immunity, in prokaryotes with a multicellular habit. However, the provenance of key adaptor domains, namely those of the Death-like and TRADD-N superfamilies, a quintessential feature of metazoan apoptotic systems, remained murky. Here, we use sensitive sequence analysis and comparative genomics methods to identify unambiguous bacterial homologs of the Death-like and TRADD-N superfamilies. We show the former to have arisen as part of a radiation of effector-associated α-helical adaptor domains that likely mediate homotypic interactions bringing together diverse effector and signaling domains in predicted bacterial apoptosis- and counter-invader systems. Similarly, we show that the TRADD-N domain defines a key, widespread signaling bridge that links effector deployment to invader-sensing in multicellular bacterial and metazoan counter-invader systems. TRADD-N domains are expanded in aggregating marine invertebrates and point to distinctive diversifying immune strategies probably directed both at RNA and retroviruses and cellular pathogens that might infect such communities. These TRADD-N and Death-like domains helped identify several new bacterial and metazoan counter-invader systems featuring underappreciated, common functional principles: the use of intracellular invader-sensing lectin-like (NPCBM and FGS), transcription elongation GreA/B-C, glycosyltransferase-4 family, inactive NTPase (serving as nucleic acid receptors), and invader-sensing GTPase switch domains. Finally, these findings point to the possibility of multicellular bacteria-stem metazoan symbiosis in the emergence of the immune/apoptotic systems of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Kaur
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Lakshminarayan M Iyer
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - A Maxwell Burroughs
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - L Aravind
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Toll-Like Receptors: General Molecular and Structural Biology. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9914854. [PMID: 34195298 PMCID: PMC8181103 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9914854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system. Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune system to each other. The TLRs are activated through binding to damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), microbial/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and xenobiotic-associated molecular patterns (XAMPs). The immunogenetic molecules of TLRs have their own functions, structures, coreceptors, and ligands which make them unique. These properties of TLRs give us an opportunity to find out how we can employ this knowledge for ligand-drug discovery strategies to control TLRs functions and contribution, signaling pathways, and indirect activities. Hence, the authors of this paper have a deep observation on the molecular and structural biology of human TLRs (hTLRs). Methods and Materials To prepare this paper and fulfill our goals, different search engines (e.g., GOOGLE SCHOLAR), Databases (e.g., MEDLINE), and websites (e.g., SCOPUS) were recruited to search and find effective papers and investigations. To reach this purpose, we tried with papers published in the English language with no limitation in time. The iCite bibliometrics was exploited to check the quality of the collected publications. Results Each TLR molecule has its own molecular and structural biology, coreceptor(s), and abilities which make them unique or a complementary portion of the others. These immunogenetic molecules have remarkable roles and are much more important in different sections of immune and nonimmune systems rather than that we understand to date. Conclusion TLRs are suitable targets for ligand-drug discovery strategies to establish new therapeutics in the fields of infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancers, and other inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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Zinatizadeh MR, Schock B, Chalbatani GM, Zarandi PK, Jalali SA, Miri SR. The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in cancer development and immune diseases. Genes Dis 2021; 8:287-297. [PMID: 33997176 PMCID: PMC8093649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role as stressors in the cellular environment, and controls the expression of important regulatory genes such as immunity, inflammation, death, and cell proliferation. NF-kB protein is located in the cytoplasm, and can be activated by various cellular stimuli. There are two pathways for NF-kB activation, as the canonical and non-canonical pathways, which require complex molecular interactions with adapter proteins and phosphorylation and ubiquitinase enzymes. Accordingly, this increases NF-kB translocation in the nucleus and regulates gene expression. In this study, the concepts that emerge in different cellular systems allow the design of NF-kB function in humans. This would not only allow the development for rare diseases associated with NF-kB, but would also be used as a source of useful information to eliminate widespread consequences such as cancer or inflammatory/immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Schock
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
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High-mobility group box 1 serves as an inflammation driver of cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111555. [PMID: 33865014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most deadly disease, which can cause sudden death, in which inflammation is a key factor in its occurrence and development. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel nuclear DNA-binding protein that activates innate immunity to induce inflammation in CVD. HMGB1 exists in the cytoplasm and nucleus of different cell types, including those in the heart. By binding to its receptors, HMGB1 triggers a variety of signaling cascades, leading to inflammation and CVD. To help develop HMGB1-targeted therapies, here we discuss HMGB1 and its biological functions, receptors, signaling pathways, and pathophysiology related to inflammation and CVD, including cardiac remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy.
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Wang S, Guan Y, Li T. The Potential Therapeutic Role of the HMGB1-TLR Pathway in Epilepsy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:171-182. [PMID: 32729417 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999200729150443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders, affecting over 70 million people worldwide. For the treatment of epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and surgeries are widely used. However, drug resistance and adverse effects indicate the need to develop targeted AEDs based on further exploration of the epileptogenic mechanism. Currently, many efforts have been made to elucidate the neuroinflammation theory in epileptogenesis, which may show potential in the treatment of epilepsy. In this respect, an important target protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), has received increased attention and has been developed rapidly. HMGB1 is expressed in various eukaryotic cells and localized in the cell nucleus. When HMGB1 is released by injuries or diseases, it participates in inflammation. Recent studies suggest that HMGB1 via Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways can trigger inflammatory responses and play an important role in epilepsy. In addition, studies of HMGB1 have shown its potential in the treatment of epilepsy. Herein, the authors analyzed the experimental and clinical evidence of the HMGB1-TLR pathway in epilepsy to summarize the theory of epileptogenesis and provide insights into antiepileptic therapy in this novel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuguang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Neurology, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
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Dong J. Signaling Pathways Implicated in Carbon Nanotube-Induced Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:552613. [PMID: 33391253 PMCID: PMC7775612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a tissue response to a variety of harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants, and injuries, and can eliminate insults and limit tissue damage. However, dysregulated inflammation is recognized as a cause of many human diseases, exemplified by organ fibrosis and cancer. In this regard, inflammation-promoted fibrosis is commonly observed in human lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumoconiosis. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a type of nanomaterials with unique properties and various industrial and commercial applications. On the other hand, certain forms of CNTs are potent inducers of inflammation and fibrosis in animal lungs. Notably, acute inflammation is a remarkable phenotype elicited by CNTs in the lung during the early acute phase post-exposure; whereas a type 2 immune response is evidently activated and dominates during the late acute and chronic phases, leading to type 2 inflammation and lung fibrosis. Numerous studies demonstrate that these immune responses involve distinct immune cells, various pathologic factors, and specific functions and play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung exposed to CNTs. Thus, the mechanistic understanding of the immune responses activated by CNTs has drawn great attention in recent years. This article reviews the major findings on the cell signaling pathways that are activated in immune cells and exert functions in promoting immune responses in CNT-exposed lungs, which would provide new insights into the understanding of CNT-induced lung inflammation and inflammation-driven fibrosis, the application of CNT-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis as a new disease model, and the potential of targeting immune cells as a therapeutic strategy for relevant human lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Toshchakov VY, Javmen A. Targeting the TLR signalosome with TIR domain-derived cell-permeable decoy peptides: the current state and perspectives. Innate Immun 2020; 26:35-47. [PMID: 31955621 PMCID: PMC6974878 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919844310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to engineer pharmaceuticals that target the signal-dependent
interactions of signaling proteins should revolutionize drug development. One
approach to the rational design of protein interaction inhibitors uses decoy
peptides, i.e. segments of protein primary sequence, which are derived from
interfaces that mediate functional protein interactions. Decoy peptides often
retain the ability of the full-length prototype to bind the docking site of the
folded protein and thereby block the signal transduction. This review summarizes
advances made in the last decade in the development of cell-permeable decoy
peptide (CPDP) inhibitors to target the Toll/IL-1R resistance (TIR)
domain-mediated protein interactions in TLR signaling, in connection with the
recent progress in understanding of the TLR signalosome assembly mechanisms. We
present a large collection of currently available, TIR-targeting CPDPs and
propose their classification based on the types of TIR–TIR interactions they
target. The binding behavior of different CPDP-TIR pairs, studied in cell-based
assays and in binary in vitro systems using recombinant TIR
domains, is also reviewed. The available affinity data provide benchmarks for
rapid preliminary evaluation of future inhibitors. We review literature that
evaluates the in vivo potency of select CPDPs and attempt to
outline the areas of forthcoming progress, towards the development of CPDP-based
TLR inhibitors of pharmaceutical grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Y Toshchakov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Artur Javmen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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50
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Arleevskaya MI, Larionova RV, Brooks WH, Bettacchioli E, Renaudineau Y. Toll-Like Receptors, Infections, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:172-181. [PMID: 31144208 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) that belong to the group of protein recognition receptor (PPR) provide an innate immune response following the sensing of conserved pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs) and changes in danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are generated as a consequence of cellular injury. Analysis of the TLR pathway has moreover offered new insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, a dysfunctional TLR-mediated response characterizes RA patients and participates in establishment of a chronic inflammatory state. Such an inappropriate TLR response has been attributed (i) to the report of important alterations in the microbiota and abnormal responses to infectious agents as part of RA; (ii) to the abnormal presence of TLR-ligands in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients; (iii) to the overexpression of TLR molecules; (iv) to the production of a large panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines downstream of the TLR pathway; and (v) to genetic variants and epigenetic factors in susceptible RA patients promoting a hyper TLR response. As a consequence, the development of promising therapeutic strategies targeting TLRs for the treatment and prevention of RA is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R V Larionova
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Wesley H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eléonore Bettacchioli
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM U1227, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM U1227, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France.
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