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Fan W, Yan S, Gao B, Xiu W, Zhao Y, Guo H. Linking groundwater microbiome and functional ecological clusters to geogenic high hexavalent chromium from deep aquifers in a loess plateau. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120545. [PMID: 37659182 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic high hexavalent chromium [Cr(Ⅵ)] in groundwater is a global environmental problem. However, the groundwater microbiome and its linkage to geogenic high Cr(Ⅵ) from deep aquifers still need to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated geogenic Cr(Ⅵ), groundwater microbiome with featured functional ecological clusters and their interactive responses in groundwater from a deep aquifer in a loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi, China. We found that the compositions and structures of microbial communities in groundwater from the deep aquifer were significantly different between low Cr(Ⅵ) (LCG, < 50 μg/L) and high Cr(Ⅵ) groundwater (HCG, > 50 μg/L), with higher microbial diversity and richness in HCG (p < 0.05). Functional "specialists" related to Cr biotransformation, including Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria (CRB) Rhodococcus, Nocardioides, Novosphingobium, and Acidovorax and Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) Sphingobium, and Ralstonia were positively correlated to total Cr and Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater. Moreover, these CRB and MnOB were dominant in high Cr(VI) groundwater and associated by strong interspecific relation in an ecological cluster (p < 0.05), suggesting their indicator roles for high Cr(Ⅵ) and the contribution of MnOB mediated Cr(III) oxidation to Cr(VI) enrichment. RDA and path analysis further revealed that the geogenic Cr(Ⅵ) directly promoted the key Cr-related functional cluster with the groundwater depth, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids as the cofactors indirectly influencing Cr(Ⅵ) and the functional clusters (p < 0.05). Collectively, our results highlight the significant roles of microbial ecological clusters especially functional "specialists" MnOB and CRB in groundwater Cr(Ⅵ) from deep aquifers in the loess plateau and provide a basis for sustainable management of high Cr(Ⅵ) groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Song Yan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bingying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Huaming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
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2
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Lal R, Singh B, Sar P, Phale P. Microbiology in India: Status, Challenges, and Scope. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2607-2611. [PMID: 35411614 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rup Lal
- The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Pinaki Sar
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Prashant Phale
- Environmental Microbiology and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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3
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Myco-remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides: Insights Into Fungal Metabolic System. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:237-249. [PMID: 34294989 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemicals including organochlorine pesticides pose environment and health hazard due to persistent and bio-accumulation property. Majority of them are recognized as endocrine disruptors. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and employs efficient enzymatic machinery for the biotransformation and degradation of toxic, recalcitrant pollutants. This review critically discusses the organochlorine biotransformation process mediated by fungi and highlights the role of enzymatic system responsible for biotransformation, especially distribution of dehalogenase homologs among fungal classes. It also explores the potential use of fungal derived biomaterial, mainly chitosan as an adsorbing biomaterial for pesticides and heavy metals removal. Further, prospects of employing fungus to over-come the existing bioremediation limitations are discussed. The study highlights the potential scope of utilizing fungi for initial biotransformation purposes, preceding final biodegradation by bacterial species under environmental conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00940-8.
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4
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Microbial Enzymes in the Bioremediation of Pollutants: Emerging Potential and Challenges. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Management and destruction of obsolete pesticides and the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil are significant global issues with importance in agriculture, environmental health and quality of life. Pesticide use and management have a history of problems because of insufficient knowledge of proper planning, storage, and use. This manuscript reviews recent literature with an emphasis on the management of obsolete pesticides and remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil. The rhizosphere of plants is a zone of active remediation. Plants also take up contaminated water and remove pesticides from soil. The beneficial effects of growing plants in pesticide-contaminated soil include pesticide transformation by both plant and microbial enzymes. This review addresses recent advances in the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil with an emphasis on processes that are simple and can be applied widely in any country.
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6
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Qian Y, Chen K, Liu Y, Li J. Assessment of hexachlorcyclohexane biodegradation in contaminated soil by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113008. [PMID: 31400667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was firstly applied to explore the biodegradation of hexachlorcyclohexane (HCH) isomers in contaminated soil. Concentrations and compound-specific carbon isotope ratio profiles of HCH in different specific ex-situ pilot-scale contaminated soil mesocosms were determined. The addition of nutrients and Sphingobium spp. significantly enhanced the degradation of HCH in contaminated soils within 90 days. Isomer specific biodegradation of HCHs was observed with α- and γ-HCH being more degradable than β and δ-HCH. Stable carbon isotope fractionation of HCH was observed and the δ13C values shifted from -28.8 ± 0.3‰ to -24.8 ± 0.7‰ upon 87.3% removal, -27.9 ± 0.2‰ to -25.9 ± 0.5‰ upon 72.8% removal, -29.4 ± 0.3‰ to -19.9 ± 0.6‰ upon 95.8% removal, and -27.8 ± 0.5‰ to -23.6 ± 0.7‰ after 96.9% removal for α, β, γ, and δ-HCH, respectively. Furthermore, the enrichment factor ε for α, β, γ, and δ-HCH biodegradation in soil was obtained for the first time as -2.0‰, -1.5‰, -3.2‰, and -1.4‰, which could play a critical role in assessing in situ biodegradation of HCH isomers in field site soil. Results from ex-situ pilot-scale experiments clearly demonstrated that CSIA could be a promising tool to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate in situ biodegradation of HCH in contaminated field site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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7
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Schilling IE, Bopp CE, Lal R, Kohler HPE, Hofstetter TB. Assessing Aerobic Biotransformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7419-7431. [PMID: 31132243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils and sediments with the highly persistent hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) continues to be a threat for humans and the environment. Despite the existence of bacteria capable of biodegradation and cometabolic transformation of HCH isomers, such processes occur over time scales of decades and are thus challenging to assess. Here, we explored the use of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) to track the aerobic biodegradation and biotransformation pathways of the most prominent isomers, namely, (-)-α-, (+)-α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH, through changes of their C and H isotope composition in assays of LinA2 and LinB enzymes. Dehydrochlorination of (+)-α-, γ-, and δ-HCH catalyzed by LinA2 was subject to substantial C and H isotope fraction with apparent 13C- and 2H-kinetic isotope effects (AKIEs) of up to 1.029 ± 0.001 and 6.7 ± 2.9, respectively, which are indicative of bimolecular eliminations. Hydrolytic dechlorination of δ-HCH by LinB exhibited even larger C but substantially smaller H isotope fractionation with 13C- and 2H-AKIEs of 1.073 ± 0.006 and 1.41 ± 0.04, respectively, which are typical for nucleophilic substitutions. The systematic evaluation of isomer-specific phenomena showed that, in addition to contaminant uptake limitations, diffusion-limited turnover ((-)-α-HCH), substrate dissolution (β-HCH), and potentially competing reactions catalyzed by constitutively expressed enzymes might bias the assessment of HCH biodegradation by CSIA at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Schilling
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Charlotte E Bopp
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
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8
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Samidurai J, Subramanian M, Venugopal D. Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in fresh water fishes of three bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1983-1993. [PMID: 30460660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues were determined in nine species of fresh water fishes caught from three bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 302 fishes were analyzed for various types of OCPS. OCPs, namely hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, and dieldrin were detected among various species of fishes. Among the various OCPs analyzed, HCH was the most frequently detected pesticides. Among the HCH isomers, β HCH contributed more than 50% to the Σ HCH. p,p' DDT, the metabolites of DDT, had high percentage of occurrence. Among the cyclodiene insecticide residues, endosulfan was detected in more than 60% of the fishes. Varying levels of ΣOCPs (a sum of Σ HCH, Σ DDT, Σ endosulfan, heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin) were detected in various fish species, although it was not significant (p > 0.05). However, significant variations in OCPs were observed among location and between seasons (p < 0.05). However, continuous monitoring is recommended to facilitate the early identification of risks not only to the fishes, but also to fish-eating birds breeding in these sanctuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Samidurai
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.
- P.G. Research Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, 609305, India.
| | - Muralidharan Subramanian
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Dhananjayan Venugopal
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
- Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology Division, Regional Occupational Health Centre (S), ICMR-NIOH, Devanahalli, Bangalore, 562110, India
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9
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Xie H, Zhu L, Wang J. Combined treatment of contaminated soil with a bacterial Stenotrophomonas strain DXZ9 and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) enhances DDT and DDE remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31895-31905. [PMID: 29354855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of contaminated soils by a combinational approach using specific bacterial species together with ryegrass is a promising strategy, resulting in potentially highly efficient degradation of organic contaminants. The present study tested the combination of strain DXZ9 of Stenotrophomonas sp. with ryegrass to remove DDT and DDE contaminants from soil under natural conditions in a pot experiment. The strain DXZ9 was successfully colonized in the natural soil, resulting in removal rates of approximately 77% for DDT, 52% for DDE, and 65% for the two pollutants combined after 210 days. Treatment with ryegrass alone resulted in slightly lower removal rates (72 and 48%, respectively, 61% for both combined), while the combination of strain DXZ9 and ryegrass significantly (p < 0.05) improved the removal rates to 81% for DDT and 55% for DDE (69% for both). The half-life of the contaminants was significantly shorter in combined treatment with DXZ9 and ryegrass compared to the control. The remediation was mostly due to degradation of the contaminants, as the net uptake of DDT and DDE by the ryegrass accounted for less than 3% of the total amount in the soil. DDT is reductively dechlorinated to DDD and dehydrochlorinated to DDE in the soil; the metabolites of DDE and DDD were multiple undefined substances. The toxicity of the soil was significantly reduced as a result of the treatment. The present study demonstrates that the bioremediation of soil contaminated with DDT and DDE by means of specific bacteria combined with ryegrass is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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10
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Bashir S, Kuntze K, Vogt C, Nijenhuis I. Anaerobic biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by Dehalococcoides species and an enrichment culture. Biodegradation 2018; 29:409-418. [PMID: 29916096 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH) by two Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains (195 and BTF08) and an enrichment culture was investigated and compared to conversion by the obligate anaerobic strain Clostridium pasteurianum strain DSMZ 525. The D. mccartyi strains preferentially transformed γ-HCH over α-HCH and δ-HCH isomers while β-HCH biotransformation was not significant. In case of the enrichment culture, γ-HCH was preferentially transformed over the δ-HCH, β-HCH and α-HCH isomers. Major observed metabolites in both cases were tetrachlorocyclohexene and as end products monochlorobenzene (MCB) and benzene. Dechlorination of the γ-HCH isomer was linked to an increase in cell numbers for strain 195. γ-HCH transformation was linked to considerable carbon stable isotope fractionation with the enrichment factor εc = - 5.5 ± 0.8‰ for D. mccartyi strain 195, εc = - 3.1 ± 0.4‰ for the enrichment culture and εc = - 4.1 ± 0.6‰ for co-metabolic transformation by C. pasteurianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Bashir
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kevin Kuntze
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Chen Z, Xiao T, Hu D, Xu J, Li X, Jia F, Wang H, Gu F, Su H, Zhang Y. The performance and membrane fouling rate of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor for treating antibiotic solvent wastewater under different cross flow velocity. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:288-301. [PMID: 29477792 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for treating antibiotic solvent wastewater under different cross flow velocities (CFV) was investigated. Effects of mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS), colloid total organic carbon (TOC) and CFV on membrane fouling rate (RMF) were also explored in this paper. Throughout 341 days of experiment, the average total removal rate of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was 98.5% which hardly affected by the variation of CFV, and the compliance rate of DMF was 92% according to the Chinese standard (<25 mg/L). However, the relevant high total removal rate of M-cresol (MC) was achieved as 97.5%, the content of effluent failed to meet the national level emission standard (<0.1 mg/L). The biogas yield and the methane content of the biogas increased gradually with the increase of CFV, and the average methane content were over 70%. There were four kinds of methanogens in AnMBR, Methanosaeta spp was the largest methanogenic community, with an area of 45-70% of the archae. There was a linear relationship between colloid TOC and RMF at different MLSS concentrations. Then a universal mathematical model for the changes of RMF with influence factors was established. The result showed that model well fitted the laboratory data. It is suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the membrane fouling of AnMBR treating antibiotic solvent wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China; School of Civil Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Xincheng Street 5088, ChangChun 130118, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dongxue Hu
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Jiao Xu
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Fuquan Jia
- School of Civil Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Xincheng Street 5088, ChangChun 130118, China
| | - Haixu Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Fuguang Gu
- School of Civil Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Xincheng Street 5088, ChangChun 130118, China
| | - Haiyan Su
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, HarBin 150030, China
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12
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Sheng H, Harir M, Boughner LA, Jiang X, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Schroll R, Wang F. N-acyl-homoserine lactone dynamics during biofilm formation of a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene mineralizing community on clay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:1031-1038. [PMID: 28697551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing systems are based on the N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) molecule. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of quorum sensing systems during biofilm formation by a microbial community while degrading the pollutant. Our model system included 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) and its mineralizing Gram-negative bacterial community to investigate the relationships between AHL dynamics, cell growth and pollutant degradation. Biomineralization of 1,2,4-TCB was monitored for both the planktonic bacterial community with and without sterile clay particles in liquid cultures. The bacterial growth and production of AHLs were quantified by fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunoassay analysis, respectively. A rapid production of AHLs which occurred coincided with the biofilm formation and the increase of mineralization rate of 1,2,4-TCB in liquid cultures. There is a positive correlation between the cell density of Bodertella on the clay particles and mineralization rate of 1,2,4-TCB. 3-oxo-C12:1-HSL appears to be the dominant AHL with the highest intensity and rapidly degraded by the bacterial community via two main consecutive reactions (lactone hydrolysis and decarboxylic reaction). These findings suggest that the integrated AHLs and their degraded products play a crucial role in biofilm formation and biomineralization of 1,2,4-TCB in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Lisa A Boughner
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Reiner Schroll
- Department of Microbe Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Microbe Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Bashir S, Stollberg R, Trabitzsch R, Weiß H, Paschke H, Nijenhuis I, Richnow HH. Compound Specific and Enantioselective Stable Isotope Analysis as Tools To Monitor Transformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in a Complex Aquifer System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8909-8916. [PMID: 28673086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) mixtures and Lindane (γ-HCH) have been produced in Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany, for about 30 years until 1982. In the vicinity of the former dump sites and production facilities, large plumes of HCHs persist within two aquifer systems. We studied the natural attenuation of HCH in these groundwater systems through a combination of enantiomeric and carbon isotope fractionation to characterize the degradation of α-HCH in the areas downstream of a former disposal and production site in Bitterfeld-Wolfen. The concentration and isotope composition of α-HCH from the Quaternary and Tertiary aquifers were analyzed. The carbon isotope compositions were compared to the source signal of waste deposits for the dumpsite and highly contaminated areas. The average value of δ13C at dumpsite was -29.7 ± 0.3 ‰ and -29.0 ± 0.1 ‰ for (-) and (+)α-HCH, respectively, while those for the β-, γ-, δ-HCH isomers were -29.0 ± 0.3 ‰, -29.5 ± 0.4 ‰, and -28.2 ± 0.2 ‰, respectively. In the plume, the enantiomer fraction shifted up to 0.35, from 0.50 at source area to 0.15 (well T1), and was found accompanied by a carbon isotope enrichment of 5 ‰ and 2.9 ‰ for (-) and (+)α-HCH, respectively. The established model for interpreting isotope and enantiomer fractionation patterns showed potential for analyzing the degradation process at a field site with a complex history with respect to contamination and fluctuating geochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Stollberg
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Trabitzsch
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Weiß
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Paschke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Cycoń M, Mrozik A, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Bioaugmentation as a strategy for the remediation of pesticide-polluted soil: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:52-71. [PMID: 28061345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation, a green technology, is defined as the improvement of the degradative capacity of contaminated areas by introducing specific microorganisms, has emerged as the most advantageous method for cleaning-up soil contaminated with pesticides. The present review discusses the selection of pesticide-utilising microorganisms from various sources, their potential for the degradation of pesticides from different chemical classes in liquid media as well as soil-related case studies in a laboratory, a greenhouse and field conditions. The paper is focused on the microbial degradation of the most common pesticides that have been used for many years such as organochlorinated and organophosphorus pesticides, triazines, pyrethroids, carbamate, chloroacetamide, benzimidazole and derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid. Special attention is paid to bacterial strains from the genera Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brucella, Burkholderia, Catellibacterium, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces and Verticillum, which have potential applications in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils using bioaugmentation technology. Since many factors strongly influence the success of bioaugmentation, selected abiotic and biotic factors such as pH, temperature, type of soil, pesticide concentration, content of water and organic matter, additional carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum size, interactions between the introduced strains and autochthonous microorganisms as well as the survival of inoculants were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Cycoń
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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15
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Laboratory and field scale bioremediation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) contaminated soils by means of bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Biodegradation 2016; 27:179-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-016-9765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Laquitaine L, Durimel A, de Alencastro LF, Jean-Marius C, Gros O, Gaspard S. Biodegradability of HCH in agricultural soils from Guadeloupe (French West Indies): identification of the lin genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:120-127. [PMID: 26686518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Banana has been a main agricultural product in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) since the 1960s. This crop requires the intensive use of pesticides to prevent attacks by insect pests. Chlorinated pesticides, such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), chlordecone and dieldrin, were used until the beginning of the 1990s, resulting in a generalized diffuse contamination of the soil and water in the areas of banana production, hence the need to develop solutions for cleanup of the polluted sites. The aims of this work were (i) to assess lindane degradation in soil slurry microcosms treated with lindane at 10 mg/L and (ii) to detect the catabolic genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway. The soil slurry microcosm system showed a 40% lindane degradation efficiency at the end of a 30-day experiment. Lower lindane removal was also detected in the abiotic controls, probably caused by pesticide adsorption to soil particles. Indeed, the lindane concentration decreased from 6000 to 1330 ng/mL and from 800 to 340 ng/mL for the biotic and abiotic soils, respectively. Nevertheless, some of the genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from crude deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the Guadeloupe agricultural soil, suggesting that HCH degradation is probably mediated by bacteria closely related to the family Sphingomonadaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Laquitaine
- Laboratoire COVACHIM-M2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe.
| | - A Durimel
- Laboratoire COVACHIM-M2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe
| | - L F de Alencastro
- Laboratoire Central Environnemental (GR-CEL), Faculté de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construit (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Jean-Marius
- Laboratoire COVACHIM-M2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe
| | - O Gros
- UMR UPMC-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, Equipe, Biologie de la Mangrove, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 592, 97159, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe
| | - S Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIM-M2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe
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17
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Wang ZG, Hu YL, Xu WH, Liu S, Hu Y, Zhang Y. Impacts of dimethyl phthalate on the bacterial community and functions in black soils. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:405. [PMID: 25999932 PMCID: PMC4419729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a known endocrine disruptor and one of the phthalate esters (PAEs), is a ubiquitous pollutant. Its impacts on living organisms have aroused great concern. In this study, the impacts of DMP contamination on bacterial communities and functions were tested by using microcosm model in black soils. The results showed that the operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) richness and bacterial diversity were reduced by DMP contamination. The relative percentages of some genera associated with nitrogen metabolism were increased by DMP contamination, while the relative percentages of some other genera that were extremely beneficial to soil health were decreased by DMP contamination. Further, the relative percentages of some genera that possessed the capability to degrade DMP were increased by the DMP treatment at low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), but were decreased by the high concentration DMP treatment (40 mg/kg). Clearly, DMP contamination changed the bacterial community structure and disturbed the metabolic activity and functional diversity of the microbes in black soils. Our results suggest that DMP pollution can alter the metabolism and biodiversity of black soil microorganisms, thereby directly impact fertility and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University Qiqihar, China ; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Municipal Environment and Engineering, Harbin Industry University Harbin, China
| | - Yun-Long Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University Qiqihar, China
| | - Wei-Hui Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University Qiqihar, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University Qiqihar, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University Qiqihar, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
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18
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Impact of metagenomic DNA extraction procedures on the identifiable endophytic bacterial diversity in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:104-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Kittusamy G, Kandaswamy C, Kandan N, Subramanian M. Pesticide residues in two frog species in a paddy agroecosystem in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:728-734. [PMID: 25173364 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides residues were quantified in 109 frogs comprising two species (Fejervarya limnocharis and Hoplobatrachus crassus) from organic and conventional paddy farms in Kerala, India. Seven frogs from conventional but none from the organic farms revealed deformities. Levels of total Organochlorines (OCs) (33.22 ng/g) and Synthetic Pyrethroid, Fenvalerate-II (26.91/42.15 ng/g) in deformed F. limnocharis and H. crassus were significantly greater than in healthy frogs. Among OCs in healthy frogs, traces of γ (gamma)-HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) (2.12 ng/g) were found only in F. limnocharis from organic farm. Among Organophosphates, Phorate (1.02 ng/g) and Quinalphos (2.62 ng/g) were present in traces in deformed F. limnocharis, while Parathion ethyl (1.02 ng/g) was detected in deformed H. crassus. The data indicate that the high level of pesticides may have contributed to the deformity of frogs. Therefore, an elaborative study will be essential to conserve amphibians in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Kittusamy
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Anaikatty, Coimbatore, 641 108, India,
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20
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Zhu W, Ni C, Liang L, Li J, Li M, Ou Z, Kadish KM. Electroreductive dechlorination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane catalyzed by iron porphyrins in nonaqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two iron porphyrins, ( TPP ) FeCl and ( OEP ) FeCl , where TPP and OEP are the dianions of tetraphenylporphyrin and octaethylporphyrin, respectively, were utilized as catalysts for the electroreductive dechlorination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α- HCH ) which was monitored by electrochemistry, in situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry and controlled potential electrolysis in N , N ′-dimethylformamide. GC-MS analysis of the α- HCH degradation products revealed the stepwise formation of pentachlorocyclohexene and tetrachlorocyclohexadiene as intermediates, prior to generation of the final dechlorination products which consisted of an isomeric mixture of trichlorobenzenes. Based on identification of the intermediates and final products in the reaction, an overall dechlorination mechanism of α-hexachlorocyclohexane is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Cui Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Lili Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Junwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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21
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Prakash O, Pandey PK, Kulkarni GJ, Mahale KN, Shouche YS. Technicalities and Glitches of Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:255-61. [PMID: 24891731 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a rapid, robust, inexpensive and simple tool for microbial community profiling. Methods used for DNA extraction, PCR amplification and digestion of amplified products have a considerable impact on the results of T-RFLP. Pitfalls of the method skew the similarity analysis and compromise its high throughput ability. Despite a high throughput method of data generation, data analysis is still in its infancy and needs more attention. Current article highlights the limitations of the methods used for data generation and analysis. It also provides an overview of the recent methodological developments in T-RFLP which will assist the readers in obtaining real and authentic profiles of the microbial communities under consideration while eluding the inherent biases and technical difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Prashant K Pandey
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Girish J Kulkarni
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Kiran N Mahale
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
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22
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Fang H, Cai L, Yang Y, Ju F, Li X, Yu Y, Zhang T. Metagenomic analysis reveals potential biodegradation pathways of persistent pesticides in freshwater and marine sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:983-992. [PMID: 24239819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of biodegradation genes (BDGs) and potential degradation pathways of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and atrazine (ATZ) in freshwater and marine sediments were investigated by metagenomic analysis using 6 datasets (16Gb in total). The datasets were derived using Illumina high-throughput sequencing and were based on BLAST against self-established databases of BDGs, DDT degradation genes (DDGs), HCH degradation genes (HDGs), and ATZ degradation genes (ADGs). The results showed that the abundance and diversity of BDGs, DDGs, HDGs, and ADGs varied with sample source and locations. The lip and mnp genes, which encode for peroxidase, and the carA gene, which encodes for laccase, were detected as the dominant genes for degradation of organic pollutants. The hdt, hdg, and atzB genes, which encode for hydratase, dehalogenase, and ethylaminohydrolase, were found to be the most abundant genes involved in DDT, HCH, and ATZ degradation, respectively. The identified 69 genera capable of degrading organic pollutants were mostly affiliated with Proteobacteria (49.3%) and Actinobacteria (21.7%). Four genera, including Plesiocystis, Anaerolinea, Jannaschia, and Mycobacterium, were the major biodegradation populations in all sediments. In this study, the nearly complete biodegradation pathways of DDT and ATZ were found, and the partial degradation pathway of HCH was detected in all sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Yang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Ju
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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23
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Bashir S, Fischer A, Nijenhuis I, Richnow HH. Enantioselective carbon stable isotope fractionation of hexachlorocyclohexane during aerobic biodegradation by Sphingobium spp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:11432-11439. [PMID: 24007541 DOI: 10.1021/es402197s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope fractionation was investigated for the biotransformation of γ- and α- hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) as well as enantiomers of α-HCH using two aerobic bacterial strains: Sphingobium indicum strain B90A and Sphingobium japonicum strain UT26. Carbon isotope enrichment factors (ε(c)) for γ-HCH (ε(c) = -1.5 ± 0.1 ‰ and -1.7 ± 0.2 ‰) and α-HCH (ε(c) = -1.0 ± 0.2 ‰ and -1.6 ± 0.3 ‰) were similar for both aerobic strains, but lower in comparison with previously reported values for anaerobic γ- and α-HCH degradation. Isotope fractionation of α-HCH enantiomers was higher for (+) α-HCH (ε(c) = -2.4 ± 0.8 ‰ and -3.3 ± 0.8 ‰) in comparison to (-) α-HCH (ε(c) = -0.7 ± 0.2 ‰ and -1.0 ± 0.6 ‰). The microbial fractionation between the α-HCH enantiomers was quantified by the Rayleigh equation and enantiomeric fractionation factors (ε(e)) for S. indicum strain B90A and S. japonicum strain UT26 were -42 ± 16% and -22 ± 6%, respectively. The extent and range of isomer and enantiomeric carbon isotope fractionation of HCHs with Sphingobium spp. suggests that aerobic biodegradation of HCHs can be monitored in situ by compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer-specific isotope analysis (ESIA). In addition, enantiomeric fractionation has the potential as a complementary approach to CSIA and ESIA for assessing the biodegradation of α-HCH at contaminated field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Bashir
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Höhener P, Ponsin V. In situ vadose zone bioremediation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 27:1-7. [PMID: 24863890 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of the vadose zone with various pollutants is a world-wide problem, and often technical or economic constraints impose remediation without excavation. In situ bioremediation in the vadose zone by bioventing has become a standard remediation technology for light spilled petroleum products. In this review, focus is given on new in situ bioremediation strategies in the vadose zone targeting a variety of other pollutants such as perchlorate, nitrate, uranium, chromium, halogenated solvents, explosives and pesticides. The techniques for biostimulation of either oxidative or reductive degradation pathways are presented, and biotransformations to immobile pollutants are discussed in cases of non-degradable pollutants. Furthermore, research on natural attenuation in the vadose zone is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Höhener
- Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Marseille, France.
| | - Violaine Ponsin
- Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Marseille, France; French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, Angers Cedex 01, France
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25
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Lal D, Jindal S, Kumari H, Jit S, Nigam A, Sharma P, Kumari K, Lal R. Bacterial diversity and real-time PCR based assessment oflinAandlinBgene distribution at hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated sites. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 55:363-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Swati Jindal
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Hansi Kumari
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Simran Jit
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Aeshna Nigam
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Kirti Kumari
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology; Molecular Biology Laboratory; University of Delhi; Delhi India
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26
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Gupta SK, Lal D, Lata P, Sangwan N, Garg N, Holliger C, Lal R. Changes in the bacterial community and lin genes diversity during biostimulation of indigenous bacterial community of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) dumpsite soil. Microbiology (Reading) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261713020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Prakash O, Jangid K, Shouche YS. Carl woese: from biophysics to evolutionary microbiology. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 53:247-52. [PMID: 24426118 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a tribute to Carl R. Woese, a biophysicist turned evolutionary microbiologist who passed away on December 30, 2012. We focus on his life, achievements, the discovery of Archaea and contributions to the development of molecular phylogeny. Further, the authors share their views and the lessons learnt from Woese's life with the microbiologists in India. We also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and interaction for the progress and betterment of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Kamlesh Jangid
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
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Nurzhanova A, Kalugin S, Zhambakin K. Obsolete pesticides and application of colonizing plant species for remediation of contaminated soil in Kazakhstan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2054-2063. [PMID: 22890508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Kazakhstan, there is a problem of finding ways to clean local sites contaminated with pesticides. In particular, such sites are the deserted and destroyed storehouses where these pesticides were stored; existing storehouses do not fulfill sanitary standards. Phytoremediation is one potential method for reducing risk from these pesticides. Genetic heterogeneity of populations of wild and weedy species growing on pesticide-contaminated soil provides a source of plant species tolerant to these conditions. These plant species may be useful for phytoremediation applications. In 2008-2009 and 2011, we surveyed substances stored in 80 former pesticide storehouses in Kazakhstan (Almaty oblast) to demonstrate an inventory process needed to understand the obsolete pesticide problem throughout the country, and observed a total of 354.7 t of obsolete pesticides. At the sites, we have found organochlorine pesticides residues in soil including metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane. Twenty-four of the storehouse sites showed pesticides concentrations in soil higher than maximum allowable concentration which is equal to 100 μg kg(-1) in Kazakhstan. Seventeen pesticide-tolerant wild plant species were selected from colonizing plants that grew into/near the former storehouse's pesticides. The results have shown that colonizing plant annual and biannual species growing on soils polluted by pesticides possess ability to accumulate organochlorine pesticide residues and reduce pesticide concentrations in soil. Organochlorine pesticides taken up by the plants are distributed unevenly in different plant tissues. The main organ of organochlorine pesticide accumulation is the root system. The accumulation rate of organochlorine pesticides was found to be a specific characteristic of plant species and dependent on the degree of soil contamination. This information can be used for technology development of phytoremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asil Nurzhanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev st., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
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Alvarez A, Benimeli CS, Saez JM, Fuentes MS, Cuozzo SA, Polti MA, Amoroso MJ. Bacterial bio-resources for remediation of hexachlorocyclohexane. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15086-106. [PMID: 23203113 PMCID: PMC3509629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, highly toxic organic compounds like the organochlorine pesticide (OP) hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) have been released into the environment. All HCH isomers are acutely toxic to mammals. Although nowadays its use is restricted or completely banned in most countries, it continues posing serious environmental and health concerns. Since HCH toxicity is well known, it is imperative to develop methods to remove it from the environment. Bioremediation technologies, which use microorganisms and/or plants to degrade toxic contaminants, have become the focus of interest. Microorganisms play a significant role in the transformation and degradation of xenobiotic compounds. Many Gram-negative bacteria have been reported to have metabolic abilities to attack HCH. For instance, several Sphingomonas strains have been reported to degrade the pesticide. On the other hand, among Gram-positive microorganisms, actinobacteria have a great potential for biodegradation of organic and inorganic toxic compounds. This review compiles and updates the information available on bacterial removal of HCH, particularly by Streptomyces strains, a prolific genus of actinobacteria. A brief account on the persistence and deleterious effects of these pollutant chemical is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Alvarez
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- Natural Sciences College and Miguel Lillo Institute, National University of Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S. Benimeli
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- North University of Saint Thomas Aquines, 9 de Julio 165, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana M. Saez
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - María S. Fuentes
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Sergio A. Cuozzo
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- Natural Sciences College and Miguel Lillo Institute, National University of Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta A. Polti
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- Natural Sciences College and Miguel Lillo Institute, National University of Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María J. Amoroso
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- North University of Saint Thomas Aquines, 9 de Julio 165, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
- Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy College, National University of Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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Biodegradation of lindane using a novel yeast strain, Rhodotorula sp. VITJzN03 isolated from agricultural soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:475-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Genome sequence of Sphingobium indicum B90A, a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterium. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:4471-2. [PMID: 22843598 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00901-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingobium indicum B90A, an efficient degrader of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, was isolated in 1990 from sugarcane rhizosphere soil in Cuttack, India. Here we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium, which has now become a model system for understanding the genetics, biochemistry, and physiology of HCH degradation.
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Sangwan N, Lata P, Dwivedi V, Singh A, Niharika N, Kaur J, Anand S, Malhotra J, Jindal S, Nigam A, Lal D, Dua A, Saxena A, Garg N, Verma M, Kaur J, Mukherjee U, Gilbert JA, Dowd SE, Raman R, Khurana P, Khurana JP, Lal R. Comparative metagenomic analysis of soil microbial communities across three hexachlorocyclohexane contamination levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46219. [PMID: 23029440 PMCID: PMC3460827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the characterization of the microbial community responsible for the in-situ bioremediation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Microbial community structure and function was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing methods for three sets of soil samples. The three samples were collected from a HCH-dumpsite (450 mg HCH/g soil) and comprised of a HCH/soil ratio of 0.45, 0.0007, and 0.00003, respectively. Certain bacterial; (Chromohalobacter, Marinimicrobium, Idiomarina, Salinosphaera, Halomonas, Sphingopyxis, Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas), archaeal; (Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Halorhabdus) and fungal (Fusarium) genera were found to be more abundant in the soil sample from the HCH-dumpsite. Consistent with the phylogenetic shift, the dumpsite also exhibited a relatively higher abundance of genes coding for chemotaxis/motility, chloroaromatic and HCH degradation (lin genes). Reassembly of a draft pangenome of Chromohalobacter salaxigenes sp. (∼8X coverage) and 3 plasmids (pISP3, pISP4 and pLB1; 13X coverage) containing lin genes/clusters also provides an evidence for the horizontal transfer of HCH catabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pushp Lata
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Niharika
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jasvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shailly Anand
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaya Malhotra
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Swati Jindal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Aeshna Nigam
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Dua
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Saxena
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Garg
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Verma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- MR DNA (Molecular Research LP), Shallowater, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra P. Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Here, we suggest that natural streptomycin resistance of many sphingomonads resides within rpsL. We constructed a dominant, streptomycin-sensitive rpsL allele and demonstrated its use as a counterselection marker in several sphingomonads. An rpsL-based markerless gene deletion system was developed and validated by deleting four genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain Fr1.
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Jit S, Dadhwal M, Kumari H, Jindal S, Kaur J, Lata P, Niharika N, Lal D, Garg N, Gupta SK, Sharma P, Bala K, Singh A, Vijgen J, Weber R, Lal R. Evaluation of hexachlorocyclohexane contamination from the last lindane production plant operating in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:586-97. [PMID: 20967504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, and lindane (γ-HCH) were listed as persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and hence must be phased out and their wastes/stockpiles eliminated. At the last operating lindane manufacturing unit, we conducted a preliminary evaluation of HCH contamination levels in soil and water samples collected around the production area and the vicinity of a major dumpsite to inform the design of processes for an appropriate implementation of the Convention. METHODS Soil and water samples on and around the production site and a major waste dumpsite were measured for HCH levels. RESULTS All soil samples taken at the lindane production facility and dumpsite and in their vicinity were contaminated with an isomer pattern characteristic of HCH production waste. At the dumpsite surface samples contained up to 450 g kg(-1) Σ HCH suggesting that the waste HCH isomers were simply dumped at this location. Ground water in the vicinity and river water was found to be contaminated with 0.2 to 0.4 mg l(-1) of HCH waste isomers. The total quantity of deposited HCH wastes from the lindane production unit was estimated at between 36,000 and 54,000 t. CONCLUSIONS The contamination levels in ground and river water suggest significant run-off from the dumped HCH wastes and contamination of drinking water resources. The extent of dumping urgently needs to be assessed regarding the risks to human and ecosystem health. A plan for securing the waste isomers needs to be developed and implemented together with a plan for their final elimination. As part of the assessment, any polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) generated during HCH recycling operations need to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Jit
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Russell RJ, Scott C, Jackson CJ, Pandey R, Pandey G, Taylor MC, Coppin CW, Liu JW, Oakeshott JG. The evolution of new enzyme function: lessons from xenobiotic metabolizing bacteria versus insecticide-resistant insects. Evol Appl 2011; 4:225-48. [PMID: 25567970 PMCID: PMC3352558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we compare the evolutionary routes by which bacteria and insects have evolved enzymatic processes for the degradation of four classes of synthetic chemical insecticide. For insects, the selective advantage of such degradative activities is survival on exposure to the insecticide, whereas for the bacteria the advantage is simply a matter of access to additional sources of nutrients. Nevertheless, bacteria have evolved highly efficient enzymes from a wide variety of enzyme families, whereas insects have relied upon generalist esterase-, cytochrome P450- and glutathione-S-transferase-dependent detoxification systems. Moreover, the mutant insect enzymes are less efficient kinetically and less diverged in sequence from their putative ancestors than their bacterial counterparts. This presumably reflects several advantages that bacteria have over insects in the acquisition of new enzymatic functions, such as a broad biochemical repertoire from which new functions can be evolved, large population sizes, high effective mutation rates, very short generation times and access to genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. Both the insect and bacterial systems support recent theory proposing that new biochemical functions often evolve from 'promiscuous' activities in existing enzymes, with subsequent mutations then enhancing those activities. Study of the insect enzymes will help in resistance management, while the bacterial enzymes are potential bioremediants of insecticide residues in a range of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rinku Pandey
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Analysis of denitrifier community in a bioaugmented sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of coking wastewater containing pyridine and quinoline. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1485-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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In situ detection of aromatic compounds with biosensor Pseudomonas putida cells preserved and delivered to soil in water-soluble gelatin capsules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:1093-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Biochemistry of microbial degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane and prospects for bioremediation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2010; 74:58-80. [PMID: 20197499 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindane, the gamma-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), is a potent insecticide. Purified lindane or unpurified mixtures of this and alpha-, beta-, and delta-isomers of HCH were widely used as commercial insecticides in the last half of the 20th century. Large dumps of unused HCH isomers now constitute a major hazard because of their long residence times in soil and high nontarget toxicities. The major pathway for the aerobic degradation of HCH isomers in soil is the Lin pathway, and variants of this pathway will degrade all four of the HCH isomers although only slowly. Sequence differences in the primary LinA and LinB enzymes in the pathway play a key role in determining their ability to degrade the different isomers. LinA is a dehydrochlorinase, but little is known of its biochemistry. LinB is a hydrolytic dechlorinase that has been heterologously expressed and crystallized, and there is some understanding of the sequence-structure-function relationships underlying its substrate specificity and kinetics, although there are also some significant anomalies. The kinetics of some LinB variants are reported to be slow even for their preferred isomers. It is important to develop a better understanding of the biochemistries of the LinA and LinB variants and to use that knowledge to build better variants, because field trials of some bioremediation strategies based on the Lin pathway have yielded promising results but would not yet achieve economic levels of remediation.
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Bioaugmentation treatment for coking wastewater containing pyridine and quinoline in a sequencing batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1943-51. [PMID: 20490786 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two pyridine-degrading bacteria and two quinoline-degrading bacteria were introduced for bioaugmentation to treat the coking wastewater. Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were used for a comparative study on the treatment efficiency of pyridine, quinoline, and chemical oxygen demand. Results showed that the treatment efficiency with coking-activated sludge plus a mixture of the four degrading bacteria was much better than that ones with coking-activated sludge only or mixed degrading bacteria only. Moreover, a 52-day continuous operation of the bioaugmented and general SBRs was investigated. The bioaugmented SBR showed better treatment efficiency and stronger capacity to treat high pyridine and quinoline shock loading. The general SBR failed to cope with the shock loading, and the biomass of the activated sludge decreased significantly. In order to monitor the microbial ecological variation during the long-term treatment, the bacterial community in both reactors was monitored by the amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction technique. The diversity of the bacterial community decreased in both reactors, but the introduced highly efficient bacteria were dominant in the bioaugmented SBR. Our experiment showed clearly that the use of highly efficient bacteria in SBR process could be a feasible method to treat wastewater containing pyridine or/and quinoline.
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Dadhwal M, Singh A, Prakash O, Gupta SK, Kumari K, Sharma P, Jit S, Verma M, Holliger C, Lal R. Proposal of biostimulation for hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-decontamination and characterization of culturable bacterial community from high-dose point HCH-contaminated soils. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 106:381-92. [PMID: 19200306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To locate a high-dose point hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated site, to identify HCH-degrading bacteria in it and assay HCH-decontamination by biostimulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteria were isolated by serial dilution method from HCH-contaminated soil samples collected from areas near an HCH-manufacturing unit and its dumpsite in North India. After confirming the presence of indigenous HCH-degraders (seven of 24 strains), an ex situ biostimulation experiment was conducted. For this, residue levels in soil were diluted by mixing with pristine garden soil and aeration, moisture and nutrients were provided intermittently. This soil was monitored for reduction in Sigma-HCH (sum of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) levels and stimulation of HCH-degraders. Experiments were conducted twice, in March-April (c. 75 microg Sigma-HCH g(-1) soil) and October-November 2006 (c. 280 microg Sigma-HCH g(-1) soil) at 26-30 degrees C. Sigma-HCH levels were reduced to <30% of the original in 24 days and <3% in 240 days in the experimental pits. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis reflected changes in microbial community structure during the course of experiment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show presence of HCH-degrading sphingomonads at a high-dose point HCH-contaminated site and presents biostimulation as an effective approach for its decontamination via aeration, addition of nutrients and moisture, of the indigenous population. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study demonstrates that biostimulation of indigenous HCH-degrading microbial population can be used for decontamination of chronically HCH-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dadhwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Karpouzas DG, Singh BK. Application of fingerprinting molecular methods in bioremediation studies. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 599:69-88. [PMID: 19882280 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-439-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation has been identified as a beneficial and effective strategy for the removal of recalcitrant environmental contaminants. Bioaugmentation of polluted environments with exogenous degrading microorganisms constitutes a major strategy of bioremediation. However, the ecological role of these strains and their impact on the endogenous microbial community of the micro-ecosystems where they are released should be known. Fingerprinting PCR-based methods, like denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), could be used in studies exploring the ecology of pollutant-degrading microorganisms and their effects on the structure of the soil microbial community. This chapter provides a brief outline of the technical details involved in the application of DGGE and TRFLP fingerprinting in soil microbial ecology, with particular reference to bioremediation studies.
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Isolation of a novel gene encoding a 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degrading enzyme from a cow rumen metagenomic library. Biodegradation 2009; 21:565-73. [PMID: 20041341 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-009-9324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) is a major metabolite of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and is hazardous to human and animal health. A gene encoding a TCP degrading enzyme was cloned from a metagenomic library prepared from cow rumen. The gene (tcp3A) is 2.5 kb in length, encoding a protein (Tcp3A) of 599 amino acid residues. Tcp3A has a potential signal sequence, as well as a putative ATP/GTP binding site, and a likely amidation site. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 62 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Comparison of Tcp3A with the NCBI database using BLASTP revealed homology to amidohydrolase proteins. Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the tcp3A gene could utilize TCP as the sole source of carbon. TLC and HPLC revealed that TCP was degraded by recombinant E. coli harboring tcp3A. This is the first report of a gene encoding a TCP degrading enzyme.
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Bala K, Sharma P, Lal R. Sphingobium quisquiliarum sp. nov., a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterium isolated from an HCH-contaminated soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 60:429-433. [PMID: 19651722 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.010868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A yellow-pigmented, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterial strain, P25(T), was isolated from an HCH dump site located in the northern part of India. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain belongs to the genus Sphingobium, as it showed highest sequence similarity to Sphingobium amiense IAM 15006(T) (97.7 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain P25(T) and members of other species of the genus Sphingobium with validly published names ranged from 94.0 to 97.7 %. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain P25(T) and Sphingobium amiense IAM 15006(T) and other related strains was found be less than 30 %, confirming it to represent a novel species. The DNA G+C content of strain P25(T) was 65 mol%. The polyamine profile showed the presence of spermidine. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (18 : 1omega7c and/or 18 : 1omega6c; 48.3 %), 16 : 0 (13.7 %) and 14 : 0 2-OH (8.8 %). The polar lipid profile of strain P25(T) also corresponded to those reported for sphingomonads (phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid), supporting its identification as a member of the family Sphingomonadaceae. The results obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and biochemical and physiological tests clearly distinguished strain P25(T) from closely related members of the genus Sphingobium. Thus, a novel species of the genus Sphingobium is proposed, Sphingobium quisquiliarum sp. nov. The type strain is P25(T) (=MTCC 9472(T) =CCM 7543(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bala
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
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Zhang H, Yang C, Zhao Q, Qiao C. Development of an autofluorescent organophosphates-degrading Stenotrophomonas sp. with dehalogenase activity for the biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3199-3204. [PMID: 19269809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and organophosphates (OPs) by a recombinant Stenotrophomonas sp. was studied in the study. The broad-host-range plasmid pVGAB, harboring enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) and dehalogenase genes (linA and linB), was constructed and transformed into the OP-degrading strain Stenotrophomonas YC-1 to get the recombinant strain YC-H. Over-expression of dehalogenase (LinA and LinB) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was obtained in YC-H by determining their enzymatic activities and fluorescence intensity. YC-H was capable of rapidly and simultaneously degrading 10mg/l gamma-HCH and 100mg/l methyl parathion (MP) determined by GC-ECD analysis. A bioremediation assay with YC-H inoculated into fumigated and nonfumigated soil showed that both 10mg/kg gamma-HCH and 100mg/kg MP could be completely degraded within 32 days. The novel EGFP-marked bacterium could be potentially applied in the field-scale decontamination of HCH and OPs residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Bioremediation is a process that uses microorganisms or their enzymes to remove pollutants from the environment. Generally, bioremediation technologies can be classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Like so much else in biology, the ease and availability of genomic data has created a new level of understanding this system. Bioremediation capabilities of the microbial population can be analyzed; not only by physiological parameters, but also by the use of genomic tools, and efficient remediation strategies can be planned. PCR and DNA- or oligonucleotide-based microarray technology is a powerful functional genomics tool that allows researchers to view the physiology of a living cell from a comprehensive and dynamic molecular perspective. This paper explores the use of such tools in bioremediation process.
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Pseudomonas sp. to Sphingobium indicum: a journey of microbial degradation and bioremediation of Hexachlorocyclohexane. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:3-18. [PMID: 23100696 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unusual process of production of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and extensive use of technical HCH and lindane has created a very serious problem of HCH contamination. While the use of technical HCH and lindane has been banned all over the world, India still continues producing lindane. Bacteria, especially Sphingomonads have been isolated that can degrade HCH isomers. Among all the bacterial strains isolated so far, Sphingobium indicum B90A that was isolated from HCH treated rhizosphere soil appears to have a better potential for HCH degradation. This conclusion is based on studies on the organization of lin genes and degradation ability of B90A. This strain perhaps can be used for HCH decontamination through bioaugmentation.
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Scott C, Pandey G, Hartley CJ, Jackson CJ, Cheesman MJ, Taylor MC, Pandey R, Khurana JL, Teese M, Coppin CW, Weir KM, Jain RK, Lal R, Russell RJ, Oakeshott JG. The enzymatic basis for pesticide bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:65-79. [PMID: 23100701 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are central to the biology of many pesticides, influencing their modes of action, environmental fates and mechanisms of target species resistance. Since the introduction of synthetic xenobiotic pesticides, enzymes responsible for pesticide turnover have evolved rapidly, in both the target organisms and incidentally exposed biota. Such enzymes are a source of significant biotechnological potential and form the basis of several bioremediation strategies intended to reduce the environmental impacts of pesticide residues. This review describes examples of enzymes possessing the major activities employed in the bioremediation of pesticide residues, and some of the strategies by which they are employed. In addition, several examples of specific achievements in enzyme engineering are considered, highlighting the growing trend in tailoring enzymatic activity to a specific biotechnologically relevant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Scott
- CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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