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Chen CH, Yu JY, Yang Z, Ke JP, Qi Y, Yang Y, Gao B, Yao G, Bao GH. Novel methylated flavoalkaloids from Echa 1 green tea inhibit fat accumulation and enhance stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem 2023; 413:135643. [PMID: 36773353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is a common structural modification of catechins in tea, which can improve the bioavailability of catechins. Flavoalkaloids are catechin derivatives with a nitrogen containing five-membered ring at the C-6 or C-8 position. Here we isolated three new methylated flavoalkaloids from Echa 1 green tea (Camellia sinensis cv. Echa 1) and synthesized another four new methylated flavoalkaloids. The structures of the new ester-type methylated catechins (etmc)-pyrrolidinone A-G (1-7) were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), optical rotation, infrared, UV-vis, experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and high-resolution mass. Among them, 6 and 7 showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and significantly lowered lipid content of Caenorhabditis elegans with 73.50 and 67.39% inhibition rate, respectively. Meanwhile, 6 and 7 also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro and stress resistance to heat, oxidative stress, and UV irradiation in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jing-Ya Yu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Biao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Settakorn K, Kongkarnka S, Chompupoung A, Svasti S, Fucharoen S, Porter JB, Srichairatanakool S, Koonyosying P. Effects of green tea extract treatment on erythropoiesis and iron parameters in iron-overloaded β-thalassemic mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1053060. [PMID: 36620219 PMCID: PMC9816339 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1053060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis leading to chronic anemia. Thus, increased iron absorption from the duodenum and via blood transfusions is required to maintain normal blood hemoglobin (Hb) levels and iron chelators in the removal of excessive iron. Certain agents are also needed for the improvement of stress erythropoiesis and iron dysregulation. Green tea extract (GTE), which is rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is known to possess radical scavenging and iron-chelating activities. We aimed to assess the effects of green tea extract on erythroid regulators, iron mobilization and anti-lipid peroxidation in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of iron-loaded β-globin gene knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice. Our results indicate that treatments of green tea extract and/or deferiprone (DFP) diminished levels of plasma erythropoietin (EPO) and erythroferrone (ERFE), and consistently suppressed kidney Epo and spleen Erfe mRNA expressions (p < .05) in iron- loaded BKO mice when compared with untreated mice. Coincidently, the treatments decreased plasma ferritin (Ft) levels, iron content levels in the liver (p < .05), spleen (p < .05), and kidney tissues of iron-loaded BKO mice. Furthermore, lipid-peroxidation products in the tissues and plasma were also decreased when compared with untreated mice. This is the first evidence of the orchestral role of green tea extract abundant with epigallocatechin-3-gallate in improving ineffective erythropoiesis, iron dysregulation and oxidative stress in iron-overloaded β-thalassemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornvipa Settakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kongkarnka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - John B. Porter
- Red Cell Disorder Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Somdet Srichairatanakool, ; Pimpisid Koonyosying,
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Somdet Srichairatanakool, ; Pimpisid Koonyosying,
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Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Pan Y, Qin R, Hou M, Xue J, Zhou M, Xu L, Zhang Y. The interactions of polyphenols with Fe and their application in Fenton/Fenton-like reactions. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guerreiro Í, Ferreira-Pêgo C, Carregosa D, Santos CN, Menezes R, Fernandes AS, Costa JG. Polyphenols and Their Metabolites in Renal Diseases: An Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071060. [PMID: 35407148 PMCID: PMC8997953 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases constitute a worldwide public health problem, contributing to morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the published data regarding the potential beneficial effects of polyphenols on major kidney diseases, namely acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal cancer, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study consists of a bibliographical review including in vitro and in vivo studies dealing with the effects of individual compounds. An analysis of the polyphenol metabolome in human urine was also conducted to estimate those compounds that are most likely to be responsible for the kidney protective effects of polyphenols. The biological effects of polyphenols can be highly attributed to the modulation of specific signaling cascades including those involved in oxidative stress responses, anti-inflammation processes, and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that polyphenols afford great potential in renal disease protection. However, this evidence (especially when in vitro studies are involved) should be considered with caution before its clinical translation, particularly due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and extensive metabolization that polyphenols undergo in the human body. Future research should consider polyphenols and their metabolites that indeed reach kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Guerreiro
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
| | - Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Cláudia N. Santos
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Regina Menezes
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.N.S.)
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Fernandes
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
| | - João G. Costa
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Liu SY, Wang W, Ke JP, Zhang P, Chu GX, Bao GH. Discovery of Camellia sinensis catechins as SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors through molecular docking, intra and extra cellular assays. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153853. [PMID: 34799184 PMCID: PMC8575542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies suggest that major Camellia sinensis (tea) catechins can inhibit 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), inspiring us to study 3CLpro inhibition of the recently discovered catechins from tea by our group. METHODS Autodock was used to dock 3CLpro and 16 tea catechins. Further, a 3CLpro activity detection system was used to test their intra and extra cellular 3CLpro inhibitory activity. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to analyze the dissociation constant (KD) between the catechins and 3CLpro. RESULTS Docking data suggested that 3CLpro interacted with the selected 16 catechins with low binding energy through the key amino acid residues Thr24, Thr26, Asn142, Gly143, His163, and Gln189. The selected catechins other than zijuanin D (3) and (-)-8-(5''R)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (11) can inhibit 3CLpro intracellularly. The extracellular 3CLpro IC50 values of (-)-epicatechin 3-O-caffeoate (EC-C, 1), zijuanin C (2), etc-pyrrolidinone C and D (6), etc-pyrrolidinone A (9), (+)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) are 1.58 ± 0.21, 41.2 ± 3.56, 0.90 ± 0.03, 46.71 ± 10.50, 3.38 ± 0.48, and 71.78 ± 8.36 µM, respectively. The KD values of 1, 6, and GCG are 4.29, 3.46, and 3.36 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION Together, EC-C (1), etc-pyrrolidinone C and D (6), and GCG are strong 3CLpro inhibitors. Our results suggest that structural modification of catechins could be conducted by esterificating the 3-OH as well as changing the configuration of C-3, C-3''' or C-5''' to discover strong SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- School of information and computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Hu QM, Yang Z, Zhang YY, Bao GH. Efficient development of antibacterial (−) -epigallocatechin gallate-PBCA nanoparticles using ethyl acetate as oil phase through interfacial polymerization. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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Malar DS, Prasanth MI, Brimson JM, Sharika R, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C, Tencomnao T. Neuroprotective Properties of Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis) in Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3926. [PMID: 32867388 PMCID: PMC7504552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a collective term given for the clinical condition, which results in progressive degeneration of neurons and the loss of functions associated with the affected brain region. Apart from the increase in age, neurodegenerative diseases are also partly affected by diet and lifestyle practices. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slow onset neurodegenerative disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which affects the motor system. Although there is no prescribed treatment method to prevent and cure PD, clinical procedures help manage the disease symptoms. Green tea polyphenols are known for several health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activity. The current manuscript summarizes the possible mechanisms of neuroprotective potential of green tea with a special focus on PD. Studies have suggested that the consumption of green tea protects against free-radicals, inflammation, and neuro-damages. Several in vivo studies aid in understanding the overall mechanism of green tea. However, the same dose may not be sufficient in humans to elicit similar effects due to complex physiological, social, and cultural development. Future research focused on more clinical trials could identify an optimum dose that could impart maximum health benefits to impart neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Rajasekharan Sharika
- 309, Vrinda, 10th Cross, Railway Layout, Vijayanagar 2nd Stage, Mysuru, Karnataka 570016, India;
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.S.M.); (M.I.P.); (J.M.B.)
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10
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Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Li B, Xie J, Ma Z, Thirupathi A, Yu P, Gao G, Shi M, Zhou C, Xu H, Chang Y, Shi Z. Propofol prevents oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating iron homeostasis and targeting JAK/STAT3 signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:191-201. [PMID: 31472185 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that propofol (PRO) could exert a neuroprotective effect via inhibiting oxidative stress induced by iron accumulation. Human SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with ferric citrate (FAC), and then were protected by PRO. Cell viability was measured by MTT method. Iron levels were assayed by ICP-MS. Cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL and digital holographic technique. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization were measured by MDA, DCFH-DA and JC-1 kits, respectively. The expression of proteins or genes involved in iron metabolism such as ferritin, TfR1, DMT1, Fpn1 and hepcidin, and other apoptosis-related proteins including Bcl2, Bax, Bid, Cox2, IL-6, JAK1 and STAT3 were detected by western blot. Our results showed low concentration of PRO (5 μM) could significantly prevent FAC induced apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress and iron accumulation. PRO suppressed the increase of ROS and MDA and decrease of MMP induced by FAC. PRO significantly down-regulated the expression of ferritin and up-regulated the expression of TfR1and Fpn1, but had no effect of DMT1. Furthermore, this effect was not done by PRO chelating iron. Meanwhile, PRO suppressed the inflammatory response through inhibiting IL-6 and Cox2 expression and activating JAK/STAT3 signaling induced by iron overload. In conclusion, here we demonstrated a new antioxidation mechanism of PRO. PRO could protect against nerve cell injury induced by overload of iron through regulating iron metabolism and inhibiting stress oxidative and inflammation reaction pathways by targeting JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinhong Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mengtong Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changhao Zhou
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongmeng Xu
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China.
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Levin J, Maaß S, Schuberth M, Giese A, Oertel WH, Poewe W, Trenkwalder C, Wenning GK, Mansmann U, Südmeyer M, Eggert K, Mollenhauer B, Lipp A, Löhle M, Classen J, Münchau A, Kassubek J, Gandor F, Berg D, Egert-Schwender S, Eberhardt C, Paul F, Bötzel K, Ertl-Wagner B, Huppertz HJ, Ricard I, Höglinger GU. Safety and efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate in multiple system atrophy (PROMESA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:724-735. [PMID: 31278067 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterised by aggregation of α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes and neurons. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and reduces associated toxicity. We aimed to establish if epigallocatechin gallate could safely slow disease progression in patients with multiple system atrophy. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled clinical trial at 12 specialist centres in Germany. Eligible participants were older than 30 years; met consensus criteria for possible or probable multiple system atrophy and could ambulate independently (ie, were at Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3); and were on stable anti-Parkinson's, anti-dysautonomia, anti-dementia, and anti-depressant regimens (if necessary) for at least 1 month. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to epigallocatechin gallate or placebo (mannitol) via a web-generated permuted blockwise randomisation list (block size=2) that was stratified by disease subtype (parkinsonism-predominant disease vs cerebellar-ataxia-predominant disease). All participants and study personnel were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were given one hard gelatin capsule (containing either 400 mg epigallocatechin gallate or mannitol) orally once daily for 4 weeks, then one capsule twice daily for 4 weeks, and then one capsule three times daily for 40 weeks. After 48 weeks, all patients underwent a 4-week wash-out period. The primary endpoint was change in motor examination score of the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) from baseline to 52 weeks. Efficacy analyses were done in all people who received at least one dose of study medication. Safety was analysed in all people who received at least one dose of the study medication to which they had been randomly assigned. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02008721) and EudraCT (2012-000928-18), and is completed. FINDINGS Between April 23, 2014, and Sept 3, 2015, 127 participants were screened and 92 were randomly assigned-47 to epigallocatechin gallate and 45 to placebo. Of these, 67 completed treatment and 64 completed the study (altough one of these patients had a major protocol violation). There was no evidence of a difference in the mean change from baseline to week 52 in motor examination scores on UMSARS between the epigallocatechin gallate (5·66 [SE 1·01]) and placebo (6·60 [0·99]) groups (mean difference -0·94 [SE 1·41; 95% CI -3·71 to 1·83]; p=0·51). Four patients in the epigallocatechin gallate group and two in the placebo group died. Two patients in the epigallocatechin gallate group had to stop treatment because of hepatotoxicity. INTERPRETATION 48 weeks of epigallocatechin gallate treatment did not modify disease progression in patients with multiple system atrophy. Epigallocatechin gallate was overall well tolerated but was associated with hepatotoxic effects in some patients, and thus doses of more than 1200 mg should not be used. FUNDING ParkinsonFonds Deutschland, German Parkinson Society, German Neurology Foundation, Lüneburg Foundation, Bischof Dr Karl Golser Foundation, and Dr Arthur Arnstein Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Maaß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Schuberth
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurobiology, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurobiology, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karla Eggert
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Lipp
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Löhle
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florin Gandor
- Movement Disorders Hospital, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Eberhardt
- Pharmacy Department, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, NeuroCure Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Bötzel
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, The Hopsital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ingrid Ricard
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
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12
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Kanlaya R, Thongboonkerd V. Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate from Green Tea in Various Kidney Diseases. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:112-121. [PMID: 30615092 PMCID: PMC6370267 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases are common health problems worldwide. Various etiologies (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, infection, cancers) can affect renal function and ultimately lead to development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The global rise in number of CKD/ESRD patients during recent years has led to tremendous concern to look for effective strategies to prevent or slow progression of CKD and ESRD. Natural compounds derived from herbs or medicinal plants have gained wide attention for scientific scrutiny to achieve such goals. One of such natural compounds that has been extensively investigated is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol found in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). A growing body of recent evidence has shown that EGCG may be a promising therapeutic or protective agent in various kidney diseases. This article thus highlights recent progress in medical research on beneficial effects of EGCG against a broad spectrum of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, kidney stone disease, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, CKD, and renal fibrosis. The renoprotective mechanisms are also detailed. Finally, future perspectives of medical research on EGCG and its potential use in clinical practice for treatment and prevention of kidney diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Address correspondence to VT (e-mail: or )
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13
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Grzesik M, Bartosz G, Dziedzic A, Narog D, Namiesnik J, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Antioxidant properties of ferrous flavanol mixtures. Food Chem 2018; 268:567-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhang W, Li X, Hua F, Chen W, Wang W, Chu GX, Bao GH. Interaction between Ester-Type Tea Catechins and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: Inhibitory Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1147-1156. [PMID: 29355013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tea is thought to alleviate neurotoxicity due to the antioxidative effect of ester-type tea catechins (ETC). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can sensitize β-amyloid (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity, and inhibitors of NGAL may relieve associated symptoms. As such, the interactions of ETC with NGAL were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry and molecular simulation. NGAL fluorescence is quenched regularly when being added with six processing types of tea infusion (SPTT) and ETC. Thermodynamic analyses suggest that ETC with more catechol moieties has a stronger binding capacity with NGAL especially in the presence of Fe3+. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-caffeoate (ECC), a natural product isolated from Zijuan green tea, shows the strongest binding ability with NGAL (Kd = 15.21 ± 8.68 nM in the presence of Fe3+). All ETC are effective in protecting nerve cells against H2O2 or Aβ1-42 induced injury. The inhibitory mechanism of ETC against NGAL supports its potential use in attenuation of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
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15
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A Review of the Antiviral Role of Green Tea Catechins. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081337. [PMID: 28805687 PMCID: PMC6152177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the centuries, infectious diseases caused by viruses have seriously threatened human health globally. Viruses are responsible not only for acute infections but also many chronic infectious diseases. To prevent diseases caused by viruses, the discovery of effective antiviral drugs, in addition to vaccine development, is important. Green tea catechins (GTCs) are polyphenolic compounds from the leaves of Camelliasinensis. In recent decades, GTCs have been reported to provide various health benefits against numerous diseases. Studies have shown that GTCs, especially epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have antiviral effects against diverse viruses. The aim of this review is to summarize the developments regarding the antiviral activities of GTCs, to discuss the mechanisms underlying these effects and to offer suggestions for future research directions and perspectives on the antiviral effects of EGCG.
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Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, has emerged as a critical iron regulatory protein during physiological and inflammatory conditions. As a bacteriostatic factor, Lcn2 obstructs the siderophore iron-acquiring strategy of bacteria and thus inhibits bacterial growth. As part of host nutritional immunity, Lcn2 facilitates systemic, cellular, and mucosal hypoferremia during inflammation, in addition to stabilizing the siderophore-bound labile iron pool. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interaction between Lcn2 and iron, and its effects in various inflammatory diseases. Lcn2 exerts mostly a protective role in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas both beneficial and detrimental functions have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, renal disorders, skin disorders, and cancer. Further animal and clinical studies are necessary to unveil the multifaceted roles of Lcn2 in iron dysregulation during inflammation and to explore its therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; .,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Yang X, Huang M, Qin C, Lv B, Mao Q, Liu Z. Structural characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Qingzhuan brick tea. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:768-775. [PMID: 28373046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The crude tea polysaccharides (CTPS) from Qingzhuan brick tea(QZBT) were extracted and fractionated to afford two fractions, namely TPS-1 and TPS-2. Analyses were conducted concerning the structural characterization and antioxidant activities of these samples. Component analysis revealed that the carbohydrate, uronic acid, protein and polyphenol contents of these samples differed significantly. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that these samples showed similar characteristic absorption peaks for polysaccharides. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses indicated that there were considerable differences in the presence of protein, surface features, conformational characteristics and thermodynamic behaviors. For antioxidant activities in vitro, CTPS, TPS-1 and TPS-2 exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activities, with TPS-2 showing significantly higher antioxidant activity than CTPS and TPS-1. These results provide a scientific and strong foundation for the use of tea polysaccharides(TPS) from QZBT and further research towards the relationships between the characteristics and antioxidant activities of TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Yang
- Hubei Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China.
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Hubei Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China
| | - Caiqin Qin
- Hubei Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China
| | - Bangyu Lv
- Hubei Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China
| | - Qingli Mao
- Hubei Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Hubei Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
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18
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Fan FY, Sang LX, Jiang M. Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:E484. [PMID: 28335502 PMCID: PMC6155401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are natural polyphenolic phytochemicals that exist in food and medicinal plants, such as tea, legume and rubiaceae. An increasing number of studies have associated the intake of catechins-rich foods with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies have demonstrated that catechins could significantly inhibit the excessive oxidative stress through direct or indirect antioxidant effects and promote the activation of the antioxidative substances such as glutathione peroxidases (GPO) and glutathione (GSH), reducing the oxidative damages to the colon. In addition, catechins can also regulate the infiltration and proliferation of immune related-cells, such as neutrophils, colonic epithelial cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, helping reduce the inflammatory relations and provide benefits to IBD. Perhaps catechins can further inhibit the deterioration of intestinal lesions through regulating the cell gap junctions. Furthermore, catechins can exert their significant anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the activation or deactivation of inflammation-related oxidative stress-related cell signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) pathways. Finally, catechins can also stabilize the structure of the gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment via promoting the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and regulating the balance of intestinal flora, so as to relieve the IBD. Furthermore, catechins may regulate the tight junctions (TJ) in the epithelium. This paper elaborates the currently known possible molecular mechanisms of catechins in favor of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Xiao X, Yeoh BS, Saha P, Tian Y, Singh V, Patterson AD, Vijay-Kumar M. Modulation of urinary siderophores by the diet, gut microbiota and inflammation in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 41:25-33. [PMID: 27951517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian siderophores are believed to play a critical role in maintaining iron homeostasis. However, the properties and functions of mammalian siderophores have not been fully clarified. In this study, we have employed Chrome Azurol S (CAS) assay which is a well-established method for bacterial siderophores study, to detect and quantify mammalian siderophores in urine samples. Our study demonstrates that siderophores in urine can be altered by diet, gut microbiota and inflammation. C57BL/6 mice, fed on plant-based chow diets which contain numerous phytochemicals, have more siderophores in the urine compared to those fed on purified diets. Urinary siderophores were up-regulated in iron overload conditions, but not altered by other tested nutrients status. Further, germ-free mice displayed 50% reduced urinary siderophores, in comparison to conventional mice, indicating microbiota biotransformation is critical in generating or stimulating host metabolism to create more siderophores. Altered urinary siderophores levels during inflammation suggest that host health conditions influence systemic siderophores level. This is the first report to measure urinary siderophores as a whole, describing how siderophores levels are modulated under different physiological conditions. We believe that our study opens up a new field in mammalian siderophores research and the technique we used in a novel manner has the potential to be applied to clinical purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033.
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Xiao X, Yeoh BS, Saha P, Olvera RA, Singh V, Vijay-Kumar M. Lipocalin 2 alleviates iron toxicity by facilitating hypoferremia of inflammation and limiting catalytic iron generation. Biometals 2016; 29:451-65. [PMID: 27007712 PMCID: PMC4880510 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential transition metal ion for virtually all aerobic organisms, yet its dysregulation (iron overload or anemia) is a harbinger of many pathologic conditions. Hence, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated to prevent the generation of catalytic iron (CI) which can damage cellular biomolecules. In this study, we investigated the role of iron-binding/trafficking innate immune protein, lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, aka siderocalin) on iron and CI homeostasis using Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice and their WT littermates. Administration of iron either systemically or via dietary intake strikingly upregulated Lcn2 in the serum, urine, feces, and liver of WT mice. However, similarly-treated Lcn2KO mice displayed elevated CI, augmented lipid peroxidation and other indices of organ damage markers, implicating that Lcn2 responses may be protective against iron-induced toxicity. Herein, we also show a negative association between serum Lcn2 and CI in the murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The inability of DSS-treated Lcn2KO mice to elicit hypoferremic response to acute colitis, implicates the involvement of Lcn2 in iron homeostasis during inflammation. Using bone marrow chimeras, we further show that Lcn2 derived from both immune and non-immune cells participates in CI regulation. Remarkably, exogenous rec-Lcn2 supplementation suppressed CI levels in Lcn2KO serum and urine. Collectively, our results suggest that Lcn2 may facilitate hypoferremia, suppress CI generation and prevent iron-mediated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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22
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Yeoh BS, Aguilera Olvera R, Singh V, Xiao X, Kennett MJ, Joe B, Lambert JD, Vijay-Kumar M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase and Its Counter-Regulation by Dietary Iron and Lipocalin 2 in Murine Model of Gut Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:912-26. [PMID: 26968114 PMCID: PMC5848242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Green tea-derived polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been extensively studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in models of inflammatory bowel disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that EGCG can potently inhibit the proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase in vitro in a dose-dependent manner over a range of physiologic temperatures and pH values. The ability of EGCG to mediate its inhibitory activity is counter-regulated by the presence of iron and lipocalin 2. Spectral analysis indicated that EGCG prevents the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction by reverting the reactive peroxidase heme (compound I:oxoiron) back to its native inactive ferric state, possibly via the exchange of electrons. Further, administration of EGCG to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice significantly reduced the colonic myeloperoxidase activity and alleviated proinflammatory mediators associated with gut inflammation. However, the efficacy of EGCG against gut inflammation is diminished when orally coadministered with iron. These findings indicate that the ability of EGCG to inhibit myeloperoxidase activity is one of the mechanisms by which it exerts mucoprotective effects and that counter-regulatory factors such as dietary iron and luminal lipocalin 2 should be taken into consideration for optimizing clinical management strategies for inflammatory bowel disease with the use of EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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23
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Singh V, Yeoh BS, Chassaing B, Zhang B, Saha P, Xiao X, Awasthi D, Shashidharamurthy R, Dikshit M, Gewirtz A, Vijay-Kumar M. Microbiota-inducible Innate Immune, Siderophore Binding Protein Lipocalin 2 is Critical for Intestinal Homeostasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:482-498.e6. [PMID: 27458605 PMCID: PMC4957954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein whose expression closely correlates with extent of intestinal inflammation. However, whether Lcn2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation is unknown. Herein, we investigated the extent to which Lcn2 regulates inflammation and gut bacterial dysbiosis in mouse models of IBD. METHODS Lcn2 expression was monitored in murine colitis models and upon microbiota ablation/restoration. WT and Lcn2 knockout (Lcn2KO) mice were analyzed for gut bacterial load, composition by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and, their colitogenic potential by co-housing with Il-10KO mice. Acute (dextran sodium sulfate) and chronic (IL-10R neutralization and T-cell adoptive transfer) colitis was induced in WT and Lcn2KO mice with or without antibiotics. RESULTS Lcn2 expression was dramatically induced upon inflammation and was dependent upon presence of a gut microbiota and MyD88 signaling. Use of bone-marrow chimeric mice revealed non-immune cells are the major contributors of circulating Lcn2. Lcn2KO mice exhibited elevated levels of entA-expressing gut bacteria burden and, moreover, a broadly distinct bacterial community relative to WT littermates. Lcn2KO mice developed highly colitogenic T-cells and exhibited exacerbated colitis upon exposure to DSS or neutralization of IL-10. Such exacerbated colitis could be prevented by antibiotic treatment. Moreover, exposure to the microbiota of Lcn2KO mice, via cohousing, resulted in severe colitis in Il-10KO mice. CONCLUSION Lcn2 is a bacterially-induced, MyD88-dependent, protein that play an important role in gut homeostasis and a pivotal role upon challenge. Hence, therapeutic manipulation of Lcn2 levels may provide a strategy to help manage diseases driven by alteration of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benyue Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Andrew Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Matam Vijay-Kumar, PhD, Department of Nutritional Sciences 222, Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. fax: (814) 863-6103.Department of Nutritional Sciences 222Chandlee LaboratoryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802
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24
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Yamada Y, Miyamoto T, Kashima H, Kobara H, Asaka R, Ando H, Higuchi S, Ida K, Shiozawa T. Lipocalin 2 attenuates iron-related oxidative stress and prolongs the survival of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells by up-regulating the CD44 variant. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:414-25. [PMID: 26729415 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1134795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) arises from ovarian endometriosis. Intra-cystic fluid contains abundant amounts of free iron, which causes persistent oxidative stress, a factor that has been suggested to induce malignant transformation. However, the mechanisms linking oxidative stress and carcinogenesis in CCC currently remain unclear. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a multifunctional secretory protein, functions as an iron transporter as well as an antioxidant. Therefore, we herein examined the roles of LCN2 in the regulation of intracellular iron concentrations, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and antioxidative functions using LCN2-overexpressing (ES2), and LCN2-silenced (RMG-1) CCC cell lines. The results of calcein staining indicated that the up-regulated expression of LCN2 correlated with increases in intracellular iron concentrations. However, a DCFH-DA assay and 8OHdG staining revealed that LCN2 reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Furthermore, the expression of LCN2 suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and prolonged cell survival, suggesting an antioxidative role for LCN2. The expression of mRNAs and proteins for various oxidative stress-catalyzing enzymes, such as heme oxygenase (HO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase, was not affected by LCN2, whereas the intracellular concentration of the potent antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), was increased by LCN2. Furthermore, the expression of xCT, a cystine transporter protein, and CD44 variant 8-10 (CD44v), a stem cell marker, was up-regulated by LCN2. Although LCN2 increased intracellular iron concentrations, LCN2-induced GSH may catalyze and override oxidative stress via CD44v and xCT, and subsequently enhance the survival of CCC cells in oxidative stress-rich endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamada
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kashima
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ando
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Shotaro Higuchi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Koichi Ida
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
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25
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Bao GH, Ho CT, Barasch J. The Ligands of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin. RSC Adv 2015; 5:104363-104374. [PMID: 27617081 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), was originally identified in neutrophil granules as a heterodimer complex with gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9), but more recently has been found to be secreted by damaged epithelial cells. Ngal is a member of the lipocalin family and subsequently named as lipocalin 2 on the basis of structural similarity with other members of the lipocalin family and its potential association with hydrophobic retinol and cholesterol oleate more strongly than their hydrophilic counterparts. In 2002, a landmark paper suggested that Ngal is a bacteriostatic agent which blocks iron acquisition by interacting with a number of bacterial siderophores, especially enterobactin. Since then, more siderophore-carrying functions have been reported than the possibility of hydrophobic ligand transport. In this setting, Ngal was renamed Siderocalin. Functions of siderocalin include not only bacteriostatic activity but potentially as a mediator of cell growth and differentiation; some of these functions appear to be referable to the holo siderocalin:siderophore:iron complex and recent work suggests that metabolic products may act as mammalian siderophores bound by Ngal. While still speculative, it may be that the mammalian siderophores can establish the missing link between Ngal and a number of its functions in vivo. This review provides an overview of the discoveries of the different ligands of Ngal and consequently related functions. Hydrophobic ligands, bacterial siderophores as well as their modified structures (synthetic siderophores), and mammalian siderophores are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Biotechnology Building 214, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Biotechnology Building 214, Anhui Agricultural University, China; Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA
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26
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Investigation on biochemical compositional changes during the microbial fermentation process of Fu brick tea by LC-MS based metabolomics. Food Chem 2014; 186:176-84. [PMID: 25976808 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT) is a unique post-fermented tea product which is fermented with fungi during the manufacturing process. In this study, we investigated the biochemical compositional changes occurring during the microbial fermentation process (MFP) of FBT based on non-targeted LC-MS, which was a comprehensive and unbiased methodology. Our data analysis took a two-phase approach: (1) comparison of FBT with other tea products using PCA analysis to exhibit the characteristic effect of MFP on the formation of Fu brick tea and (2) comparison of tea samples throughout the MFP of FBT to elucidate the possible key metabolic pathways produced by the fungi. Non-targeted LC-MS analysis clearly distinguished FBT with other tea samples and highlighted some interesting metabolic pathways during the MFP including B ring fission catechin. Our study demonstrated that those fungi had a significant influence on the biochemical profiles in the FBT and consequently contributed to its unique quality.
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27
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Yue Y, Chu GX, Liu XS, Tang X, Wang W, Liu GJ, Yang T, Ling TJ, Wang XG, Zhang ZZ, Xia T, Wan XC, Bao GH. TMDB: a literature-curated database for small molecular compounds found from tea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:243. [PMID: 25224438 PMCID: PMC4172869 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. The healthy effects of tea are attributed to a wealthy of different chemical components from tea. Thousands of studies on the chemical constituents of tea had been reported. However, data from these individual reports have not been collected into a single database. The lack of a curated database of related information limits research in this field, and thus a cohesive database system should necessarily be constructed for data deposit and further application. DESCRIPTION The Tea Metabolome database (TMDB), a manually curated and web-accessible database, was developed to provide detailed, searchable descriptions of small molecular compounds found in Camellia spp. esp. in the plant Camellia sinensis and compounds in its manufactured products (different kinds of tea infusion). TMDB is currently the most complete and comprehensive curated collection of tea compounds data in the world. It contains records for more than 1393 constituents found in tea with information gathered from 364 published books, journal articles, and electronic databases. It also contains experimental 1H NMR and 13C NMR data collected from the purified reference compounds or collected from other database resources such as HMDB. TMDB interface allows users to retrieve tea compounds entries by keyword search using compound name, formula, occurrence, and CAS register number. Each entry in the TMDB contains an average of 24 separate data fields including its original plant species, compound structure, formula, molecular weight, name, CAS registry number, compound types, compound uses including healthy benefits, reference literatures, NMR, MS data, and the corresponding ID from databases such as HMDB and Pubmed. Users can also contribute novel regulatory entries by using a web-based submission page. The TMDB database is freely accessible from the URL of http://pcsb.ahau.edu.cn:8080/TCDB/index.jsp. The TMDB is designed to address the broad needs of tea biochemists, natural products chemists, nutritionists, and members of tea related research community. CONCLUSION The TMDB database provides a solid platform for collection, standardization, and searching of compounds information found in tea. As such this database will be a comprehensive repository for tea biochemistry and tea health research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xue-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Guang-Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
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