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Fang Y, Li X. Protein lysine four-carbon acylations in health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30981. [PMID: 36815448 PMCID: PMC10704440 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acylation, a type of posttranslational protein modification sensitive to cellular metabolic states, influences the functions of target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. Particularly, lysine butyrylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, four types of four-carbon acylations, are modulated by intracellular concentrations of their respective acyl-CoAs and sensitive to alterations of nutrient metabolism induced by cellular and/or environmental signals. In this review, we discussed the metabolic pathways producing these four-carbon acyl-CoAs, the regulation of lysine acylation and deacylation, and the functions of individual lysine acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Park KC, Crump NT, Louwman N, Krywawych S, Cheong YJ, Vendrell I, Gill EK, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Ford KL, Hauton D, Fournier M, Pires E, Watson L, Roseman G, Holder J, Koschinski A, Carnicer R, Curtis MK, Zaccolo M, Hulikova A, Fischer R, Kramer HB, McCullagh JSO, Trefely S, Milne TA, Swietach P. Disrupted propionate metabolism evokes transcriptional changes in the heart by increasing histone acetylation and propionylation. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1221-1245. [PMID: 38500966 PMCID: PMC7615744 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Propiogenic substrates and gut bacteria produce propionate, a post-translational protein modifier. In this study, we used a mouse model of propionic acidaemia (PA) to study how disturbances to propionate metabolism result in histone modifications and changes to gene expression that affect cardiac function. Plasma propionate surrogates were raised in PA mice, but female hearts manifested more profound changes in acyl-CoAs, histone propionylation and acetylation, and transcription. These resulted in moderate diastolic dysfunction with raised diastolic Ca2+, expanded end-systolic ventricular volume and reduced stroke volume. Propionate was traced to histone H3 propionylation and caused increased acetylation genome-wide, including at promoters of Pde9a and Mme, genes related to contractile dysfunction through downscaled cGMP signaling. The less severe phenotype in male hearts correlated with β-alanine buildup. Raising β-alanine in cultured myocytes treated with propionate reduced propionyl-CoA levels, indicating a mechanistic relationship. Thus, we linked perturbed propionate metabolism to epigenetic changes that impact cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T. Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Present Address: Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Niamh Louwman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Krywawych
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yuen Jian Cheong
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor K. Gill
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kerrie L. Ford
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Hauton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lydia Watson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerald Roseman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Kate Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holger B. Kramer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sophie Trefely
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A. Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Gao Y, Sheng X, Tan D, Kim S, Choi S, Paudel S, Lee T, Yan C, Tan M, Kim KM, Cho SS, Ki SH, Huang H, Zhao Y, Lee S. Identification of Histone Lysine Acetoacetylation as a Dynamic Post-Translational Modification Regulated by HBO1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300032. [PMID: 37382194 PMCID: PMC10477889 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ketone bodies have long been known as a group of lipid-derived alternative energy sources during glucose shortages. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying their non-metabolic functions remain largely elusive. This study identified acetoacetate as the precursor for lysine acetoacetylation (Kacac), a previously uncharacterized and evolutionarily conserved histone post-translational modification. This protein modification is comprehensively validated using chemical and biochemical approaches, including HPLC co-elution and MS/MS analysis using synthetic peptides, Western blot, and isotopic labeling. Histone Kacac can be dynamically regulated by acetoacetate concentration, possibly via acetoacetyl-CoA. Biochemical studies show that HBO1, traditionally known as an acetyltransferase, can also serve as an acetoacetyltransferase. In addition, 33 Kacac sites are identified on mammalian histones, depicting the landscape of histone Kacac marks across species and organs. In summary, this study thus discovers a physiologically relevant and enzymatically regulated histone mark that sheds light on the non-metabolic functions of ketone bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- College of PharmacyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Doudou Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - SunJoo Kim
- College of PharmacyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
- Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Soyoung Choi
- College of PharmacyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjita Paudel
- College of PharmacyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of PharmacyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Cong Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Minjia Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural ScienceChosun UniversityGwangju61452South Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of PharmacyChosun UniversityGwangju61452South Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of PharmacyChosun UniversityGwangju61452South Korea
| | - He Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
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4
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Guilherme A, Rowland LA, Wetoska N, Tsagkaraki E, Santos KB, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Kelly M, Munroe S, Pedersen DJ, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Tauer L, Pan M, Han X, Kim JK, Newgard CB, Muoio DM, Czech MP. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is a suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112488. [PMID: 37163372 PMCID: PMC10286105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. Conversely, elevating malonyl-CoA levels in MCD KO mice does not induce browning. Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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5
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Nickel GA, Diehl KL. Chemical Biology Approaches to Identify and Profile Interactors of Chromatin Modifications. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1014-1026. [PMID: 35238546 PMCID: PMC9440160 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged with histone proteins in a complex known as chromatin. Both the DNA and histone components of chromatin can be chemically modified in a wide variety of ways, resulting in a complex landscape often referred to as the "epigenetic code". These modifications are recognized by effector proteins that remodel chromatin and modulate transcription, translation, and repair of the underlying DNA. In this Review, we examine the development of methods for characterizing proteins that interact with these histone and DNA modifications. "Mark first" approaches utilize chemical, peptide, nucleosome, or oligonucleotide probes to discover interactors of a specific modification. "Reader first" approaches employ arrays of peptides, nucleosomes, or oligonucleotides to profile the binding preferences of interactors. These complementary strategies have greatly enhanced our understanding of how chromatin modifications effect changes in genomic regulation, bringing us ever closer to deciphering this complex language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrison A. Nickel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Katharine L. Diehl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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6
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Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, Schiattarella GG. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3556-3575. [PMID: 36504368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent, complex, and heterogeneous condition for which metabolic derangements seem to dictate disease progression. Changes in intermediate metabolism in cardiometabolic HFpEF-among the most prevalent forms of HFpEF-have a large impact both on energy provision and on a number of signalling pathways in the heart. This dual, metabolic vs. signalling, role is played in particular by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain carbon sources [namely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ketone bodies (KBs)]. LCFAs are key fuels for the heart, but their excess can be harmful, as in the case of toxic accumulation of lipid by-products (i.e. lipotoxicity). SCFAs and KBs have been proposed as a potential major, alternative source of energy in HFpEF. At the same time, both LCFAs and short-chain carbon sources are substrate for protein post-translational modifications and other forms of direct and indirect signalling of pivotal importance in HFpEF pathogenesis. An in-depth molecular understanding of the biological functions of energy substrates and their signalling role will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to HFpEF. Here, we summarize the current evidence on changes in energy metabolism in HFpEF, discuss the signalling role of intermediate metabolites through, at least in part, their fate as substrates for post-translational modifications, and highlight clinical and translational challenges around metabolic therapy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capone
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongling Wang
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Strocchi
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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7
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Zou L, Yang Y, Wang Z, Fu X, He X, Song J, Li T, Ma H, Yu T. Lysine Malonylation and Its Links to Metabolism and Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:84-98. [PMID: 36818560 PMCID: PMC9937698 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malonylation is a recently identified post-translational modification with malonyl-coenzyme A as the donor. It conserved both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent advances in the identification and quantification of lysine malonylation by bioinformatic analysis have improved our understanding of its role in the regulation of protein activity, interaction, and localization and have elucidated its involvement in many biological processes. Malonylation has been linked to diverse physiological processes, including metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immune regulation. This review discusses malonylation in theory, describes the underlying mechanism, and summarizes the recent progress in malonylation research. The latest findings point to novel functions of malonylation and highlight the mechanisms by which malonylation regulates a variety of cellular processes. Our review also marks the association between lysine malonylation, the enzymes involved, and various diseases, and discusses promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecular targets for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jiayi Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huibo Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Tao Yu, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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8
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Wang Y, Yang H, Geerts C, Furtos A, Waters P, Cyr D, Wang S, Mitchell GA. The multiple facets of acetyl-CoA metabolism: Energetics, biosynthesis, regulation, acylation and inborn errors. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106966. [PMID: 36528988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) is a core metabolite with essential roles throughout cell physiology. These functions can be classified into energetics, biosynthesis, regulation and acetylation of large and small molecules. Ac-CoA is essential for oxidative metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, most amino acids, ethanol, and of free acetate generated by endogenous metabolism or by gut bacteria. Ac-CoA cannot cross lipid bilayers, but acetyl groups from Ac-CoA can shuttle across membranes as part of carrier molecules like citrate or acetylcarnitine, or as free acetate or ketone bodies. Ac-CoA is the basic unit of lipid biosynthesis, providing essentially all of the carbon for the synthesis of fatty acids and of isoprenoid-derived compounds including cholesterol, coenzyme Q and dolichols. High levels of Ac-CoA in hepatocytes stimulate lipid biosynthesis, ketone body production and the diversion of pyruvate metabolism towards gluconeogenesis and away from oxidation; low levels exert opposite effects. Acetylation changes the properties of molecules. Acetylation is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine, acetylglutamate, acetylaspartate and N-acetyl amino sugars, and to metabolize/eliminate some xenobiotics. Acetylation is a major post-translational modification of proteins. Different types of protein acetylation occur. The most-studied form occurs at the epsilon nitrogen of lysine residues. In histones, lysine acetylation can alter gene transcription. Acetylation of other proteins has diverse, often incompletely-documented effects. Inborn errors related to Ac-CoA feature a broad spectrum of metabolic, neurological and other features. To date, a small number of studies of animals with inborn errors of CoA thioesters has included direct measurement of acyl-CoAs. These studies have shown that low levels of tissue Ac-CoA correlate with the development of clinical signs, hinting that shortage of Ac-CoA may be a recurrent theme in these conditions. Low levels of Ac-CoA could potentially disrupt any of its roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Wang
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hao Yang
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Geerts
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Furtos
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paula Waters
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sherbrooke and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Cyr
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sherbrooke and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Shupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Grant A Mitchell
- Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics and Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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9
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Fu Y, Yu J, Li F, Ge S. Oncometabolites drive tumorigenesis by enhancing protein acylation: from chromosomal remodelling to nonhistone modification. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:144. [PMID: 35428309 PMCID: PMC9013066 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMetabolites are intermediate products of cellular metabolism catalysed by various enzymes. Metabolic remodelling, as a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells, causes abnormal metabolite accumulation. These metabolites mainly generate energy or serve as signal transduction mediators via noncovalent interactions. After the development of highly sensitive mass spectrometry technology, various metabolites were shown to covalently modify proteins via forms of lysine acylation, including lysine acetylation, crotonylation, lactylation, succinylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation, glutarylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation. These modifications can regulate gene expression and intracellular signalling pathways, highlighting the extensive roles of metabolites. Lysine acetylation is not discussed in detail in this review since it has been broadly investigated. We focus on the nine aforementioned novel lysine acylations beyond acetylation, which can be classified into two categories: histone acylations and nonhistone acylations. We summarize the characteristics and common functions of these acylation types and, most importantly, provide a glimpse into their fine-tuned control of tumorigenesis and potential value in tumour diagnosis, monitoring and therapy.
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10
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Wu LF, Wang DP, Shen J, Gao LJ, Zhou Y, Liu QH, Cao JM. Global profiling of protein lysine malonylation in mouse cardiac hypertrophy. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104667. [PMID: 35788409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysine malonylation, a novel identified protein posttranslational modification (PTM), is conservative and present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Previous studies have reported that malonylation plays an important role in inflammation, angiogenesis, and diabetes. However, its potential role in cardiac remodeling remains unknown. Here, we observed a reduced lysine malonylation in hypertrophic mice hearts created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 8 weeks. We also detected a decreased lysine malonylation in hypertrophic H9C2 cardiomyocytes induced by angiotensin II for 48 h. Using a proteomic method based on affinity purification and LC-MS/MS, we identified total 679 malonylated sites in 330 proteins in the hearts of sham mice and TAC mice. Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic data revealed enrichment of malonylated proteins involved in cardiac structure and contraction, cGMP-PKG pathway, and metabolism. Specifically, we detected a decreased lysine malonylation in myocardial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) by immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blotting both in vivo and in vitro. Together, our work suggests an important role and implication of protein lysine malonylation in cardiac hypertrophy, especially the IDH2. SIGNIFICANCE: Heart failure is the terminal stage of cardiac hypertrophy, which imposes an enormous clinical and economic burden worldwide. Despite our knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disease, current therapeutic approaches are still largely limited. Cardiac hypertrophy can be regulated at post-translational modifications (PTMs), and several PTMs have been reported in cardiac hypertrrophy and heart failure. In our study, we first reported a novel PTMs, lysine malonylation, in cardiac hypertophy. we found a reduced lysine malonylation in hypertrophic mice hearts in vivo and H9C2 cardiomyocytes after stimulating with angiotensinII for 48 h in vitro. Using affinity purification and LC-MS/MS, we identified 679 malonylated sites in 330 proteins in the hearts of sham and TAC mice. Compared to the sham group, 5 sites in 2 proteins were quantified as downregulated targets using a 2-fold threshold (downregulation <0.5-fold, P < 0.05). Functional analysis showed a significant enrichment in cardiac structure and contraction, cGMP-PKG pathway and metabolism. Notably, we identified a decreased Kmal level in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), but the protein level of IDH2 has no changed in cardiac hypertrophy, These results highlight that lysine malonylation is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, and may be a new therapeutic target of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - De-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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11
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Goetzman ES, Vockley J. Lysine acylation causes collateral damage in inborn errors of metabolism. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq4863. [PMID: 35613282 PMCID: PMC9797055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications contribute to the pathology of methylmalonic acidemia and may be targetable via an acylation-resistant sirtuin (Head et al., this issue).
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12
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Head PE, Myung S, Chen Y, Schneller JL, Wang C, Duncan N, Hoffman P, Chang D, Gebremariam A, Gucek M, Manoli I, Venditti CP. Aberrant methylmalonylation underlies methylmalonic acidemia and is attenuated by an engineered sirtuin. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn4772. [PMID: 35613279 PMCID: PMC10468269 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic acidemias such as methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) are a group of inborn errors of metabolism that typically arise from defects in the catabolism of amino and fatty acids. Accretion of acyl-CoA species is postulated to underlie disease pathophysiology, but the mechanism(s) remain unknown. Here, we surveyed hepatic explants from patients with MMA and unaffected donors, in parallel with samples from various mouse models of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency. We found a widespread posttranslational modification, methylmalonylation, that inhibited enzymes in the urea cycle and glycine cleavage pathway in MMA. Biochemical studies and mouse genetics established that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) controlled the metabolism of MMA-related posttranslational modifications. SIRT5 was engineered to resist acylation-driven inhibition via lysine to arginine mutagenesis. The modified SIRT5 was used to create an adeno-associated viral 8 (AAV8) vector and systemically delivered to mutant and control mice. Gene therapy ameliorated hyperammonemia and reduced global methylmalonylation in the MMA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- PamelaSara E. Head
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, 45 Center Drive MSC 6200 Bethesda, MD, 20892-6200 USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sangho Myung
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Building 31, 31 Center Drive Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica L. Schneller
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cindy Wang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas Duncan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pauline Hoffman
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Chang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abigael Gebremariam
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Gucek
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Building 31, 31 Center Drive Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles P. Venditti
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 7S257 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Histone lysine methacrylation is a dynamic post-translational modification regulated by HAT1 and SIRT2. Cell Discov 2021; 7:122. [PMID: 34961760 PMCID: PMC8712513 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine crotonylation is a posttranslational modification with demonstrated functions in transcriptional regulation. Here we report the discovery of a new type of histone posttranslational modification, lysine methacrylation (Kmea), corresponding to a structural isomer of crotonyllysine. We validate the identity of this modification using diverse chemical approaches and further confirm the occurrence of this type of histone mark by pan specific and site-specific anti-methacryllysine antibodies. In total, we identify 27 Kmea modified histone sites in HeLa cells using affinity enrichment with a pan Kmea antibody and mass spectrometry. Subsequent biochemical studies show that histone Kmea is a dynamic mark, which is controlled by HAT1 as a methacryltransferase and SIRT2 as a de-methacrylase. Altogether, these investigations uncover a new type of enzyme-catalyzed histone modification and suggest that methacrylyl-CoA generating metabolism is part of a growing number of epigenome-associated metabolic pathways.
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14
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Zhang Y, Goetzman E. The enzyme activity of mitochondrial trifunctional protein is not altered by lysine acetylation or lysine succinylation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256619. [PMID: 34644302 PMCID: PMC8513871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) is a membrane-associated heterotetramer that catalyzes three of the four reactions needed to chain-shorten long-chain fatty acids inside the mitochondria. TFP is known to be heavily modified by acetyllysine and succinyllysine post-translational modifications (PTMs), many of which are targeted for reversal by the mitochondrial sirtuin deacylases SIRT3 and SIRT5. However, the functional significance of these PTMs is not clear, with some reports showing TFP gain-of-function and some showing loss-of-function upon increased acylation. Here, we mapped the known SIRT3/SIRT5-targeted lysine residues onto the recently solved TFP crystal structure which revealed that many of the target sites are involved in substrate channeling within the TFPα subunit. To test the effects of acylation on substate channeling through TFPα, we enzymatically synthesized the physiological long-chain substrate (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA. Assaying TFP in SIRT3 and SIRT5 knockout mouse liver and heart mitochondria with (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA revealed no change in enzyme activity. Finally, we investigated the effects of lysine acylation on TFP membrane binding in vitro. Acylation did not alter recombinant TFP binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes. However, the presence of liposomes strongly abrogated the acylation reaction between succinyl-CoA and TFP lysine residues. Thus, TFP in the membrane-bound state may be protected against lysine acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Zhang
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric Goetzman
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Aldosary M, Baselm S, Abdulrahim M, Almass R, Alsagob M, AlMasseri Z, Huma R, AlQuait L, Al‐Shidi T, Al‐Obeid E, AlBakheet A, Alahideb B, Alahaidib L, Qari A, Taylor RW, Colak D, AlSayed MD, Kaya N. SLC25A42-associated mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: Report of additional founder cases and functional characterization of a novel deletion. JIMD Rep 2021; 60:75-87. [PMID: 34258143 PMCID: PMC8260478 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A42 is the main transporter of coenzyme A (CoA) into mitochondria. To date, 15 individuals have been reported to have one of two bi-allelic homozygous missense variants in the SLC25A42 as the cause of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, of which 14 of them were of Saudi origin and share the same founder variant, c.871A > G:p.Asn291Asp. The other subject was of German origin with a variant at canonical splice site, c.380 + 2 T > A. Here, we describe the clinical manifestations and the disease course in additional six Saudi patients from four unrelated consanguineous families. While five patients have the Saudi founder p.Asn291Asp variant, one subject has a novel deletion. Functional analyses on fibroblasts obtained from this patient revealed that the deletion causes significant decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, extracellular acidification rate revealed significantly reduced glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve as compared to control individuals. There were no changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of patient fibroblasts. Immunoblotting experiments revealed significantly diminished protein expression due to the deletion. In conclusion, we report additional patients with SLC25A42-associated mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Our study expands the molecular spectrum of this condition and provides further evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction as a central cause of pathology. We therefore propose that this disorder should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient with an unexplained motor and speech delay, recurrent encephalopathy with metabolic acidosis, intermittent or persistent dystonia, lactic acidosis, basal ganglia lesions and, especially, of Arab ethnicity. Finally, deep brain stimulation should be considered in the management of patients with life altering dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Baselm
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulrahim
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Zainab AlMasseri
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rozeena Huma
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Laila AlQuait
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Al‐Shidi
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al‐Obeid
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Albandary AlBakheet
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Basma Alahideb
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Lujane Alahaidib
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Alya Qari
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic LaboratoryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific ComputingKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Moeenaldeen D. AlSayed
- Department of Medical GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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16
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Lagerwaard B, van der Hoek MD, Hoeks J, Grevendonk L, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Propionate hampers differentiation and modifies histone propionylation and acetylation in skeletal muscle cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111495. [PMID: 33932454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein acylation via metabolic acyl-CoA intermediates provides a link between cellular metabolism and protein functionality. A process in which acetyl-CoA and acetylation are fine-tuned is during myogenic differentiation. However, the roles of other protein acylations remain unknown. Protein propionylation could be functionally relevant because propionyl-CoA can be derived from the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids and was shown to decrease during muscle differentiation. We aimed to explore the potential role of protein propionylation in muscle differentiation, by mimicking a pathophysiological situation with high extracellular propionate which increases propionyl-CoA and protein propionylation, rendering it a model to study increased protein propionylation. Exposure to extracellular propionate, but not acetate, impaired myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells and propionate exposure impaired myogenic differentiation in primary human muscle cells. Impaired differentiation was accompanied by an increase in histone propionylation as well as histone acetylation. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed increased histone propionylation at specific regulatory myogenic differentiation sites of the Myod gene. Intramuscular propionylcarnitine levels are higher in old compared to young males and females, possibly indicating increased propionyl-CoA levels with age. The findings suggest a role for propionylation and propionyl-CoA in regulation of muscle cell differentiation and ageing, possibly via alterations in histone acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lagerwaard
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanne D van der Hoek
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; MCL Academy, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Grevendonk
- TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arie G Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Lagerwaard B, Pougovkina O, Bekebrede AF, te Brinke H, Wanders RJ, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Increased protein propionylation contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells and fibroblasts, but not in myotubes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:438-449. [PMID: 32740932 PMCID: PMC8049071 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational protein modifications derived from metabolic intermediates, such as acyl-CoAs, have been shown to regulate mitochondrial function. Patients with a genetic defect in the propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) gene clinically present symptoms related to mitochondrial disorders and are characterised by decreased mitochondrial respiration. Since propionyl-CoA accumulates in PCC deficient patients and protein propionylation can be driven by the level of propionyl-CoA, we hypothesised that protein propionylation could play a role in the pathology of the disease. Indeed, we identified increased protein propionylation due to pathologic propionyl-CoA accumulation in patient-derived fibroblasts and this was accompanied by defective mitochondrial respiration, as was shown by a decrease in complex I-driven respiration. To mimic pathological protein propionylation levels, we exposed cultured fibroblasts, Fao liver cells and C2C12 muscle myotubes to propionate levels that are typically found in these patients. This induced a global increase in protein propionylation and histone protein propionylation and was also accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial respiration in liver and fibroblasts. However, in C2C12 myotubes propionate exposure did not decrease mitochondrial respiration, possibly due to differences in propionyl-CoA metabolism as compared to the liver. Therefore, protein propionylation could contribute to the pathology in these patients, especially in the liver, and could therefore be an interesting target to pursue in the treatment of this metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lagerwaard
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- TI Food and NutritionWageningenNetherlands
| | - Olga Pougovkina
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical ChemistryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Anna F. Bekebrede
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Heleen te Brinke
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical ChemistryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Ronald J.A. Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical ChemistryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of PediatricsEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical ChemistryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of PediatricsEmma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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18
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Huang H, Zhang D, Weng Y, Delaney K, Tang Z, Yan C, Qi S, Peng C, Cole PA, Roeder RG, Zhao Y. The regulatory enzymes and protein substrates for the lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/9/eabe2771. [PMID: 33627428 PMCID: PMC7904266 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism-mediated epigenetic changes represent an adapted mechanism for cellular signaling, in which lysine acetylation and methylation have been the historical focus of interest. We recently discovered a β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated epigenetic pathway that couples metabolism to gene expression. However, its regulatory enzymes and substrate proteins remain unknown, hindering its functional study. Here, we report that the acyltransferase p300 can catalyze the enzymatic addition of β-hydroxybutyrate to lysine (Kbhb), while histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 enzymatically remove Kbhb. We demonstrate that p300-dependent histone Kbhb can directly mediate in vitro transcription. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of Kbhb substrates in mammalian cells has identified 3248 Kbhb sites on 1397 substrate proteins. The dependence of histone Kbhb on p300 argues that enzyme-catalyzed acylation is the major mechanism for nuclear Kbhb. Our study thus reveals key regulatory elements for the Kbhb pathway, laying a foundation for studying its roles in diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yejing Weng
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kyle Delaney
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhanyun Tang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cong Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shankang Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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19
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Zhu Z, Han Z, Halabelian L, Yang X, Ding J, Zhang N, Ngo L, Song J, Zeng H, He M, Zhao Y, Arrowsmith CH, Luo M, Bartlett MG, Zheng YG. Identification of lysine isobutyrylation as a new histone modification mark. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:177-189. [PMID: 33313896 PMCID: PMC7797053 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain acylations of lysine residues in eukaryotic proteins are recognized as essential posttranslational chemical modifications (PTMs) that regulate cellular processes from transcription, cell cycle, metabolism, to signal transduction. Lysine butyrylation was initially discovered as a normal straight chain butyrylation (Knbu). Here we report its structural isomer, branched chain butyrylation, i.e. lysine isobutyrylation (Kibu), existing as a new PTM on nuclear histones. Uniquely, isobutyryl-CoA is derived from valine catabolism and branched chain fatty acid oxidation which is distinct from the metabolism of n-butyryl-CoA. Several histone acetyltransferases were found to possess lysine isobutyryltransferase activity in vitro, especially p300 and HAT1. Transfection and western blot experiments showed that p300 regulated histone isobutyrylation levels in the cell. We resolved the X-ray crystal structures of HAT1 in complex with isobutyryl-CoA that gleaned an atomic level insight into HAT-catalyzed isobutyrylation. RNA-Seq profiling revealed that isobutyrate greatly affected the expression of genes associated with many pivotal biological pathways. Together, our findings identify Kibu as a novel chemical modification mark in histones and suggest its extensive role in regulating epigenetics and cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhesi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nawei Zhang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Liza Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jiabao Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong Zeng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Maomao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 20021, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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20
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Dimitrov B, Molema F, Williams M, Schmiesing J, Mühlhausen C, Baumgartner MR, Schumann A, Kölker S. Organic acidurias: Major gaps, new challenges, and a yet unfulfilled promise. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:9-21. [PMID: 32412122 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic acidurias (OADs) comprise a biochemically defined group of inherited metabolic diseases. Increasing awareness, reliable diagnostic work-up, newborn screening programs for some OADs, optimized neonatal and intensive care, and the development of evidence-based recommendations have improved neonatal survival and short-term outcome of affected individuals. However, chronic progression of organ dysfunction in an aging patient population cannot be reliably prevented with traditional therapeutic measures. Evidence is increasing that disease progression might be best explained by mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated that some toxic metabolites target mitochondrial proteins inducing synergistic bioenergetic impairment. Although these potentially reversible mechanisms help to understand the development of acute metabolic decompensations during catabolic state, they currently cannot completely explain disease progression with age. Recent studies identified unbalanced autophagy as a novel mechanism in the renal pathology of methylmalonic aciduria, resulting in impaired quality control of organelles, mitochondrial aging and, subsequently, progressive organ dysfunction. In addition, the discovery of post-translational short-chain lysine acylation of histones and mitochondrial enzymes helps to understand how intracellular key metabolites modulate gene expression and enzyme function. While acylation is considered an important mechanism for metabolic adaptation, the chronic accumulation of potential substrates of short-chain lysine acylation in inherited metabolic diseases might exert the opposite effect, in the long run. Recently, changed glutarylation patterns of mitochondrial proteins have been demonstrated in glutaric aciduria type 1. These new insights might bridge the gap between natural history and pathophysiology in OADs, and their exploitation for the development of targeted therapies seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Dimitrov
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Femke Molema
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Schmiesing
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Mühlhausen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Schumann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Li L, Ghorbani M, Weisz-Hubshman M, Rousseau J, Thiffault I, Schnur RE, Breen C, Oegema R, Weiss MM, Waisfisz Q, Welner S, Kingston H, Hills JA, Boon EM, Basel-Salmon L, Konen O, Goldberg-Stern H, Bazak L, Tzur S, Jin J, Bi X, Bruccoleri M, McWalter K, Cho MT, Scarano M, Schaefer GB, Brooks SS, Hughes SS, van Gassen KLI, van Hagen JM, Pandita TK, Agrawal PB, Campeau PM, Yang XJ. Lysine acetyltransferase 8 is involved in cerebral development and syndromic intellectual disability. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1431-1445. [PMID: 31794431 DOI: 10.1172/jci131145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic integrity is critical for many eukaryotic cellular processes. An important question is how different epigenetic regulators control development and influence disease. Lysine acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8) is critical for acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16), an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mark. It is unclear what roles KAT8 plays in cerebral development and human disease. Here, we report that cerebrum-specific knockout mice displayed cerebral hypoplasia in the neocortex and hippocampus, along with improper neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) development. Mutant cerebrocortical neuroepithelia exhibited faulty proliferation, aberrant neurogenesis, massive apoptosis, and scant H4K16 propionylation. Mutant NSPCs formed poor neurospheres, and pharmacological KAT8 inhibition abolished neurosphere formation. Moreover, we describe KAT8 variants in 9 patients with intellectual disability, seizures, autism, dysmorphisms, and other anomalies. The variants altered chromobarrel and catalytic domains of KAT8, thereby impairing nucleosomal H4K16 acetylation. Valproate was effective for treating epilepsy in at least 2 of the individuals. This study uncovers a critical role of KAT8 in cerebral and NSPC development, identifies 9 individuals with KAT8 variants, and links deficient H4K16 acylation directly to intellectual disability, epilepsy, and other developmental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monika Weisz-Hubshman
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Paediatric Department, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Rhonda E Schnur
- Division of Genetics, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA.,GeneDx, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Breen
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Mm Weiss
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara Welner
- Division of Pediatric Medical Genetics, The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Helen Kingston
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan A Hills
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elles Mj Boon
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Osnat Konen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Imaging Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hadassa Goldberg-Stern
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Epilepsy Unit and EEG Laboratory, Schneider Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Lily Bazak
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Tzur
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Genomic Research Department, Emedgene Technologies, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Human Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuli Bi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Bruccoleri
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Maria Scarano
- Division of Genetics, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Susan S Brooks
- Division of Pediatric Medical Genetics, The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susan Starling Hughes
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - K L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Paediatric Department, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Trefely S, Lovell CD, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Compartmentalised acyl-CoA metabolism and roles in chromatin regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 38:100941. [PMID: 32199817 PMCID: PMC7300382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many metabolites serve as important signalling molecules to adjust cellular activities and functions based on nutrient availability. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone lysine acetylation, and gene expression have been documented and studied over the past decade. In recent years, several additional acyl modifications to histone lysine residues have been identified, which depend on acyl-coenzyme A thioesters (acyl-CoAs) as acyl donors. Acyl-CoAs are intermediates of multiple distinct metabolic pathways, and substantial evidence has emerged that histone acylation is metabolically sensitive. Nevertheless, the metabolic sources of acyl-CoAs used for chromatin modification in most cases remain poorly understood. Elucidating how these diverse chemical modifications are coupled to and regulated by cellular metabolism is important in deciphering their functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we review the metabolic pathways that produce acyl-CoAs, as well as emerging evidence for functional roles of diverse acyl-CoAs in chromatin regulation. Because acetyl-CoA has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we will focus on four other acyl-CoA metabolites integral to major metabolic pathways that are also known to modify histones: succinyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA. We also briefly mention several other acyl-CoA species, which present opportunities for further research; malonyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, and lactyl-CoA. Each acyl-CoA species has distinct roles in metabolism, indicating the potential to report shifts in the metabolic status of the cell. For each metabolite, we consider the metabolic pathways in which it participates and the nutrient sources from which it is derived, the compartmentalisation of its metabolism, and the factors reported to influence its abundance and potential nuclear availability. We also highlight reported biological functions of these metabolically-linked acylation marks. Finally, we aim to illuminate key questions in acyl-CoA metabolism as they relate to the control of chromatin modification. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A majority of acyl-CoA species are annotated to mitochondrial metabolic processes. Since acyl-CoAs are not known to be directly transported across mitochondrial membranes, they must be synthesized outside of mitochondria and potentially within the nucleus to participate in chromatin regulation. Thus, subcellular metabolic compartmentalisation likely plays a key role in the regulation of histone acylation. Metabolite tracing in combination with targeting of relevant enzymes and transporters will help to map the metabolic pathways that connect acyl-CoA metabolism to chromatin modification. The specific function of each acyl-CoA may be determined in part by biochemical properties that affect its propensity for enzymatic versus non-enzymatic protein modification, as well as the various enzymes that can add, remove and bind each modification. Further, competitive and inhibitory effects of different acyl-CoA species on these enzymes make determining the relative abundance of acyl-CoA species in specific contexts important to understand the regulation of chromatin acylation. An improved and more nuanced understanding of metabolic regulation of chromatin and its roles in physiological and disease-related processes will emerge as these questions are answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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23
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Yan K, Rousseau J, Machol K, Cross LA, Agre KE, Gibson CF, Goverde A, Engleman KL, Verdin H, De Baere E, Potocki L, Zhou D, Cadieux-Dion M, Bellus GA, Wagner MD, Hale RJ, Esber N, Riley AF, Solomon BD, Cho MT, McWalter K, Eyal R, Hainlen MK, Mendelsohn BA, Porter HM, Lanpher BC, Lewis AM, Savatt J, Thiffault I, Callewaert B, Campeau PM, Yang XJ. Deficient histone H3 propionylation by BRPF1-KAT6 complexes in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax0021. [PMID: 32010779 PMCID: PMC6976298 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) and its paralog KAT6B form stoichiometric complexes with bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23 (H3K23). We report that these complexes also catalyze H3K23 propionylation in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ATAC-See revealed the association of this modification with active chromatin. Brpf1 deletion obliterates the acylation in mouse embryos and fibroblasts. Moreover, we identify BRPF1 variants in 12 previously unidentified cases of syndromic intellectual disability and demonstrate that these cases and known BRPF1 variants impair H3K23 propionylation. Cardiac anomalies are present in a subset of the cases. H3K23 acylation is also impaired by cancer-derived somatic BRPF1 mutations. Valproate, vorinostat, propionate and butyrate promote H3K23 acylation. These results reveal the dual functionality of BRPF1-KAT6 complexes, shed light on mechanisms underlying related developmental disorders and various cancers, and suggest mutation-based therapy for medical conditions with deficient histone acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhi Yan
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Keren Machol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura A. Cross
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine and Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Katherine E. Agre
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia Forster Gibson
- Trillium Health Partners, Credit Valley Hospital, Genetics Program, 2200 Eglinton Ave. W, Mississauga, Ontario L5M 2N1, Canada
| | - Anne Goverde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kendra L. Engleman
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine and Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Hannah Verdin
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorraine Potocki
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine and Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Maxime Cadieux-Dion
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine and Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Gary A. Bellus
- Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Monisa D. Wagner
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, 120 Hamm Dr., Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Hale
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Natacha Esber
- KAT6A Foundation, 3 Louise Dr., West Nyack, NY 10994, USA
| | - Alan F. Riley
- Texas Children’s Hospital, 6651 Main Street Legacy Tower, 21st Floor Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Megan T. Cho
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | | | - Roy Eyal
- Kaiser Oakland Medical Center 3600 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
| | - Meagan K. Hainlen
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine and Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Hillary M. Porter
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Andrea M. Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliann Savatt
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, 120 Hamm Dr., Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine and Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe M. Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Corresponding author. (P.M.C.); (X.-J.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Corresponding author. (P.M.C.); (X.-J.Y.)
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24
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Transcriptome analysis suggests a compensatory role of the cofactors coenzyme A and NAD + in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase knockout mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14539. [PMID: 31601874 PMCID: PMC6787083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During fasting, mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation (mFAO) is essential for the generation of glucose by the liver. Children with a loss-of-function deficiency in the mFAO enzyme medium-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) are at serious risk of life-threatening low blood glucose levels during fasting in combination with intercurrent disease. However, a subset of these children remains asymptomatic throughout life. In MCAD-deficient (MCAD-KO) mice, glucose levels are similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice, even during fasting. We investigated if metabolic adaptations in the liver may underlie the robustness of this KO mouse. WT and KO mice were given a high- or low-fat diet and subsequently fasted. We analyzed histology, mitochondrial function, targeted mitochondrial proteomics, and transcriptome in liver tissue. Loss of MCAD led to a decreased capacity to oxidize octanoyl-CoA. This was not compensated for by altered protein levels of the short- and long-chain isoenzymes SCAD and LCAD. In the transcriptome, we identified subtle adaptations in the expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing CoA- and NAD(P)(H)-involving reactions and of genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. We discuss how these processes may contribute to robustness in MCAD-KO mice and potentially also in asymptomatic human subjects with a complete loss of MCAD activity.
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25
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Lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases as targets for cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:96-115. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Allosteric, transcriptional and post-translational control of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochem J 2019; 476:1695-1712. [PMID: 31217327 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the organ with highest energy turnover rate (per unit weight) in our body. The heart relies on its flexible and powerful catabolic capacity to continuously generate large amounts of ATP utilizing many energy substrates including fatty acids, carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), ketones and amino acids. The normal health mainly utilizes fatty acids (40-60%) and glucose (20-40%) for ATP production while ketones and amino acids have a minor contribution (10-15% and 1-2%, respectively). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to cardiac energy production (95%) while cytosolic glycolysis has a marginal contribution (5%). The heart can dramatically and swiftly switch between energy-producing pathways and/or alter the share from each of the energy substrates based on cardiac workload, availability of each energy substrate and neuronal and hormonal activity. The heart is equipped with a highly sophisticated and powerful mitochondrial machinery which synchronizes cardiac energy production from different substrates and orchestrates the rate of ATP production to accommodate its contractility demands. This review discusses mitochondrial cardiac energy metabolism and how it is regulated. This includes a discussion on the allosteric control of cardiac energy metabolism by short-chain coenzyme A esters, including malonyl CoA and its effect on cardiac metabolic preference. We also discuss the transcriptional level of energy regulation and its role in the maturation of cardiac metabolism after birth and cardiac adaptability for different metabolic conditions and energy demands. The role post-translational modifications, namely phosphorylation, acetylation, malonylation, succinylation and glutarylation, play in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism is also discussed.
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27
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Janssen JJE, Grefte S, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins. Front Physiol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30809153 PMCID: PMC6379835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that control metabolic homeostasis and ATP generation, but also play an important role in other processes, like cell death decisions and immune signaling. Mitochondria produce a diverse array of metabolites that act in the mitochondria itself, but also function as signaling molecules to other parts of the cell. Communication of mitochondria with the nucleus by metabolites that are produced by the mitochondria provides the cells with a dynamic regulatory system that is able to respond to changing metabolic conditions. Dysregulation of the interplay between mitochondrial metabolites and the nucleus has been shown to play a role in disease etiology, such as cancer and type II diabetes. Multiple recent studies emphasize the crucial role of nutritional cofactors in regulating these metabolic networks. Since B-vitamins directly regulate mitochondrial metabolism, understanding the role of B-vitamins in mito-nuclear communication is relevant for therapeutic applications and optimal dietary lifestyle. In this review, we will highlight emerging concepts in mito-nuclear communication and will describe the role of B-vitamins in mitochondrial metabolite-mediated nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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28
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Fisher-Wellman KH, Draper JA, Davidson MT, Williams AS, Narowski TM, Slentz DH, Ilkayeva OR, Stevens RD, Wagner GR, Najjar R, Hirschey MD, Thompson JW, Olson DP, Kelly DP, Koves TR, Grimsrud PA, Muoio DM. Respiratory Phenomics across Multiple Models of Protein Hyperacylation in Cardiac Mitochondria Reveals a Marginal Impact on Bioenergetics. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1557-1572.e8. [PMID: 30726738 PMCID: PMC6478502 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl CoA metabolites derived from the catabolism of carbon fuels can react with lysine residues of mitochondrial proteins, giving rise to a large family of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Mass spectrometry-based detection of thousands of acyl-PTMs scattered throughout the proteome has established a strong link between mitochondrial hyperacylation and cardiometabolic diseases; however, the functional consequences of these modifications remain uncertain. Here, we use a comprehensive respiratory diagnostics platform to evaluate three disparate models of mitochondrial hyperacylation in the mouse heart caused by genetic deletion of malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), SIRT5 demalonylase and desuccinylase, or SIRT3 deacetylase. In each case, elevated acylation is accompanied by marginal respiratory phenotypes. Of the >60 mitochondrial energy fluxes evaluated, the only outcome consistently observed across models is a ∼15% decrease in ATP synthase activity. In sum, the findings suggest that the vast majority of mitochondrial acyl PTMs occur as stochastic events that minimally affect mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - James A Draper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Michael T Davidson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ashley S Williams
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara M Narowski
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gregory R Wagner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Rami Najjar
- Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | - Mathew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Bowman CE, Wolfgang MJ. Role of the malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3 in mitochondrial metabolism. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:34-40. [PMID: 30201289 PMCID: PMC6347522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is a central metabolite in fatty acid biochemistry. It is the rate-determining intermediate in fatty acid synthesis but is also an allosteric inhibitor of the rate-setting step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. While these canonical cytoplasmic roles of malonyl-CoA have been well described, malonyl-CoA can also be generated within the mitochondrial matrix by an alternative pathway: the ATP-dependent ligation of malonate to Coenzyme A by the malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3. Malonate, a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase of the TCA cycle, is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. A major role for ACSF3 is to provide a metabolic pathway for the clearance of malonate by the generation of malonyl-CoA, which can then be decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Additionally, ACSF3-derived malonyl-CoA can be used to malonylate lysine residues on proteins within the matrix of mitochondria, possibly adding another regulatory layer to post-translational control of mitochondrial metabolism. The discovery of ACSF3-mediated generation of malonyl-CoA defines a new mitochondrial metabolic pathway and raises new questions about how the metabolic fates of this multifunctional metabolite intersect with mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E Bowman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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30
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SIRT7 has a critical role in bone formation by regulating lysine acylation of SP7/Osterix. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2833. [PMID: 30026585 PMCID: PMC6053369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SP7/Osterix (OSX) is a master regulatory transcription factor that activates a variety of genes during differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the influence of post-translational modifications on the regulation of its transactivation activity is largely unknown. Here, we report that sirtuins, which are NAD(+)-dependent deacylases, regulate lysine deacylation-mediated transactivation of OSX. Germline Sirt7 knockout mice develop severe osteopenia characterized by decreased bone formation and an increase of osteoclasts. Similarly, osteoblast-specific Sirt7 knockout mice showed attenuated bone formation. Interaction of SIRT7 with OSX leads to the activation of transactivation by OSX without altering its protein expression. Deacylation of lysine (K) 368 in the C-terminal region of OSX by SIRT7 promote its N-terminal transactivation activity. In addition, SIRT7-mediated deacylation of K368 also facilitates depropionylation of OSX by SIRT1, thereby increasing OSX transactivation activity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SIRT7 has a critical role in bone formation by regulating acylation of OSX. SP7/Osterix is a transcription factor involved in osteoblast differentiation. Here, the authors show that Sirtuin 7 activates Osterix posttranslationally by regulating its lysine acylation, and that mice lacking Sirtuin 7 in osteoblasts show reduced bone formation.
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31
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Olesen SV, Rajabi N, Svensson B, Olsen CA, Madsen AS. An NAD +-Dependent Sirtuin Depropionylase and Deacetylase (Sir2La) from the Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3903-3915. [PMID: 29863862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a group of NAD+-dependent deacylases, have emerged as the key connection between NAD+ metabolism and aging. This class of enzymes hydrolyzes a range of ε- N-acyllysine PTMs, and determining the repertoire of catalyzed deacylation reactions is of high importance to fully elucidate the roles of a given sirtuin. Here we have identified and produced two potential sirtuins from the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Screening more than 80 different substrates, covering 26 acyl groups on five peptide scaffolds, demonstrated that one of the investigated proteins, Sir2La, is a bona fide NAD+-dependent sirtuin, catalyzing hydrolysis of acetyl-, propionyl-, and butyryllysine. Further substantiating the identity of Sir2La as a sirtuin, known sirtuin inhibitors, nicotinamide and suramin, as well as a thioacetyllysine compound inhibit the deacylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. On the basis of steady-state kinetics, Sir2La showed a slight preference for propionyllysine (Kpro) over acetyllysine (Kac). For nonfluorogenic peptide substrates, the preference is driven by a remarkably low KM (280 nM vs 700 nM, for Kpro and Kac, respectively), whereas kcat was similar (21 × 10-3 s-1). Moreover, while NAD+ is a prerequisite for Sir2La-mediated deacylation, Sir2La has a very high KM for NAD+ compared to the expected levels of the dinucleotide in L. acidophilus. Sir2La is the first sirtuin from Lactobacillales and of the Gram-positive bacterial subclass of sirtuins to be functionally characterized. The ability to hydrolyze propionyl- and butyryllysine emphasizes the relevance of further exploring the role of other short-chain acyl moieties as PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita V Olesen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Andreas S Madsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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32
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Carrico C, Meyer JG, He W, Gibson BW, Verdin E. The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications. Cell Metab 2018; 27. [PMID: 29514063 PMCID: PMC5863732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of lysine residues via reversible acylation occurs on proteins from diverse pathways, functions, and organisms. While nuclear protein acylation reflects the competing activities of enzymatic acyltransferases and deacylases, mitochondrial acylation appears to be driven mostly via a non-enzymatic mechanism. Three protein deacylases, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, reside in the mitochondria and remove these modifications from targeted proteins in an NAD+-dependent manner. Recent proteomic surveys of mitochondrial protein acylation have identified the sites of protein acetylation, succinylation, glutarylation, and malonylation and their regulation by SIRT3 and SIRT5. Here, we review recent advances in this rapidly moving field, their biological significance, and their implications for mitochondrial function, metabolic regulation, and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carrico
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Wenjuan He
- Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brad W Gibson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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33
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Han Z, Wu H, Kim S, Yang X, Li Q, Huang H, Cai H, Bartlett MG, Dong A, Zeng H, Brown PJ, Yang XJ, Arrowsmith CH, Zhao Y, Zheng YG. Revealing the protein propionylation activity of the histone acetyltransferase MOF (males absent on the first). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3410-3420. [PMID: 29321206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain acylation of lysine residues has recently emerged as a group of reversible posttranslational modifications in mammalian cells. The diversity of acylation further broadens the landscape and complexity of the proteome. Identification of regulatory enzymes and effector proteins for lysine acylation is critical to understand functions of these novel modifications at the molecular level. Here, we report that the MYST family of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) possesses strong propionyltransferase activity both in vitro and in cellulo Particularly, the propionyltransferase activity of MOF, MOZ, and HBO1 is as strong as their acetyltransferase activity. Overexpression of MOF in human embryonic kidney 293T cells induced significantly increased propionylation in multiple histone and non-histone proteins, which shows that the function of MOF goes far beyond its canonical histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation. We also resolved the X-ray co-crystal structure of MOF bound with propionyl-coenzyme A, which provides a direct structural basis for the propionyltransferase activity of the MYST KATs. Our data together define a novel function for the MYST KATs as lysine propionyltransferases and suggest much broader physiological impacts for this family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Hong Wu
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- the Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Qianjin Li
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - He Huang
- the Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Houjian Cai
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Aiping Dong
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hong Zeng
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter J Brown
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- the Goodman Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada, and
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yingming Zhao
- the Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Y George Zheng
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,
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34
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Goetzman ES, Gong Z, Schiff M, Wang Y, Muzumdar RH. Metabolic pathways at the crossroads of diabetes and inborn errors. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:5-17. [PMID: 28952033 PMCID: PMC6757345 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has led to advances in our understanding of the genetic and metabolic factors that underlie the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While T2DM is defined by its hallmark metabolic symptoms, the genetic risk factors for T2DM are more immune-related than metabolism-related, and the observed metabolic disease may be secondary to chronic inflammation. Regardless, these metabolic changes are not benign, as the accumulation of some metabolic intermediates serves to further drive the inflammation and cell stress, eventually leading to insulin resistance and ultimately to T2DM. Because many of the biochemical changes observed in the pre-diabetic state (i.e., ectopic lipid storage, increased acylcarnitines, increased branched-chain amino acids) are also observed in patients with rare inborn errors of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, an interesting question is raised regarding whether isolated metabolic gene defects can confer an increased risk for T2DM. In this review, we attempt to address this question by summarizing the literature regarding the metabolic pathways at the crossroads of diabetes and inborn errors of metabolism. Studies using cell culture and animal models have revealed that, within a given pathway, disrupting some genes can lead to insulin resistance while for others there may be no effect or even improved insulin sensitivity. This differential response to ablating a single metabolic gene appears to be dependent upon the specific metabolic intermediates that accumulate and whether these intermediates subsequently activate inflammatory pathways. This highlights the need for future studies to determine whether certain inborn errors may confer increased risk for diabetes as the patients age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos 5117, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Manuel Schiff
- UMR1141, PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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35
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Huynh FK, Hu X, Lin Z, Johnson JD, Hirschey MD. Loss of sirtuin 4 leads to elevated glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin levels and accelerated age-induced insulin resistance in multiple murine genetic backgrounds. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:59-72. [PMID: 28726069 PMCID: PMC5775063 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several inherited metabolic disorders are associated with an accumulation of reactive acyl-CoA metabolites that can non-enzymatically react with lysine residues to modify proteins. While the role of acetylation is well-studied, the pathophysiological relevance of more recently discovered acyl modifications, including those found in inherited metabolic disorders, warrants further investigation. We recently showed that sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) removes glutaryl, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, 3-methylglutaryl, and 3-methylglutaconyl modifications from lysine residues. Thus, we used SIRT4 knockout mice, which can accumulate these novel post-translational modifications, as a model to investigate their physiological relevance. Since SIRT4 is localized to mitochondria and previous reports have shown SIRT4 influences metabolism, we thoroughly characterized glucose and lipid metabolism in male and female SIRT4KO mice across different genetic backgrounds. While only minor perturbations in overall lipid metabolism were observed, we found SIRT4KO mice consistently had elevated glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin levels in vivo and developed accelerated age-induced insulin resistance. Importantly, elevated leucine-stimulated insulin levels in SIRT4KO mice were dependent upon genetic background since SIRT4KO mice on a C57BL/6NJ genetic background had elevated leucine-stimulated insulin levels but not SIRT4KO mice on the C57BL/6J background. Taken together, the data suggest that accumulation of acyl modifications on proteins in inherited metabolic disorders may contribute to the overall metabolic dysfunction seen in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Huynh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Department of Surgery, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Department of Surgery, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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36
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Landscape of the regulatory elements for lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation pathway. Cell Res 2017; 28:111-125. [PMID: 29192674 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids and their corresponding acyl-CoAs sit at the crossroads of metabolic pathways and play important roles in diverse cellular processes. They are also precursors for protein post-translational lysine acylation modifications. A noteworthy example is the newly identified lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) that is derived from 2-hydroxyisobutyrate and 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA. Histone Khib has been shown to be associated with active gene expression in spermatogenic cells. However, the key elements that regulate this post-translational lysine acylation pathway remain unknown. This has hindered characterization of the mechanisms by which this modification exerts its biological functions. Here we show that Esa1p in budding yeast and its homologue Tip60 in human could add Khib to substrate proteins both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have identified HDAC2 and HDAC3 as the major enzymes to remove Khib. Moreover, we report the first global profiling of Khib proteome in mammalian cells, identifying 6 548 Khib sites on 1 725 substrate proteins. Our study has thus discovered both the "writers" and "erasers" for histone Khib marks, and major Khib protein substrates. These results not only illustrate the landscape of this new lysine acylation pathway, but also open new avenues for studying diverse functions of cellular metabolites associated with this pathway.
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37
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Wongkittichote P, Ah Mew N, Chapman KA. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase - A review. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:145-152. [PMID: 29033250 PMCID: PMC5725275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is the enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA to methylmalonyl-CoA and is encoded by the genes PCCA and PCCB to form a hetero-dodecamer. Dysfunction of PCC leads to the inherited metabolic disorder propionic acidemia, which can result in an affected individual presenting with metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, lethargy, vomiting and sometimes coma and death if not treated. Individuals with propionic acidemia also have a number of long term complications resulting from the dysfunction of the PCC enzyme. Here we present an overview of the current knowledge about the structure and function of PCC. We review an updated list of human variants which are published and provide an overview of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Children's National Health System, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, United States
| | - Nicholas Ah Mew
- Children's National Health System, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, United States; Rare Diseases Institute, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, United States
| | - Kimberly A Chapman
- Children's National Health System, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, United States; Rare Diseases Institute, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, United States.
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38
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Simithy J, Sidoli S, Yuan ZF, Coradin M, Bhanu NV, Marchione DM, Klein BJ, Bazilevsky GA, McCullough CE, Magin RS, Kutateladze TG, Snyder NW, Marmorstein R, Garcia BA. Characterization of histone acylations links chromatin modifications with metabolism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1141. [PMID: 29070843 PMCID: PMC5656686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, numerous histone acyl post-translational modifications (acyl-PTMs) have been discovered, of which the functional significance is still under intense study. Here, we use high-resolution mass spectrometry to accurately quantify eight acyl-PTMs in vivo and after in vitro enzymatic assays. We assess the ability of seven histone acetyltransferases (HATs) to catalyze acylations on histones in vitro using short-chain acyl-CoA donors, proving that they are less efficient towards larger acyl-CoAs. We also observe that acyl-CoAs can acylate histones through non-enzymatic mechanisms. Using integrated metabolomic and proteomic approaches, we achieve high correlation (R 2 > 0.99) between the abundance of acyl-CoAs and their corresponding acyl-PTMs. Moreover, we observe a dose-dependent increase in histone acyl-PTM abundances in response to acyl-CoA supplementation in in nucleo reactions. This study represents a comprehensive profiling of scarcely investigated low-abundance histone marks, revealing that concentrations of acyl-CoAs affect histone acyl-PTM abundances by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johayra Simithy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariel Coradin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dylan M Marchione
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Gleb A Bazilevsky
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl E McCullough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert S Magin
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Kebede AF, Nieborak A, Shahidian LZ, Le Gras S, Richter F, Gómez DA, Baltissen MP, Meszaros G, Magliarelli HDF, Taudt A, Margueron R, Colomé-Tatché M, Ricci R, Daujat S, Vermeulen M, Mittler G, Schneider R. Histone propionylation is a mark of active chromatin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:1048-1056. [PMID: 29058708 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histones are highly covalently modified, but the functions of many of these modifications remain unknown. In particular, it is unclear how histone marks are coupled to cellular metabolism and how this coupling affects chromatin architecture. We identified histone H3 Lys14 (H3K14) as a site of propionylation and butyrylation in vivo and carried out the first systematic characterization of histone propionylation. We found that H3K14pr and H3K14bu are deposited by histone acetyltransferases, are preferentially enriched at promoters of active genes and are recognized by acylation-state-specific reader proteins. In agreement with these findings, propionyl-CoA was able to stimulate transcription in an in vitro transcription system. Notably, genome-wide H3 acylation profiles were redefined following changes to the metabolic state, and deletion of the metabolic enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase altered global histone propionylation levels. We propose that histone propionylation, acetylation and butyrylation may act in combination to promote high transcriptional output and to couple cellular metabolism with chromatin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Kebede
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Nieborak
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lara Zorro Shahidian
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Le Gras
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Florian Richter
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Goethe-Universität Fachbereich Medizin, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Diana Aguilar Gómez
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Undergraduate Program in Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marijke P Baltissen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gergo Meszaros
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Aaron Taudt
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Romeo Ricci
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Daujat
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Mittler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schneider
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilains-Universität München, Faculty of Biology, Munich, Germany
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40
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Olp MD, Zhu N, Smith BC. Metabolically Derived Lysine Acylations and Neighboring Modifications Tune the Binding of the BET Bromodomains to Histone H4. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5485-5495. [PMID: 28945351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent proteomic studies discovered histone lysines are modified by acylations beyond acetylation. These acylations derive from acyl-CoA metabolites, potentially linking metabolism to transcription. Bromodomains bind lysine acylation on histones and other nuclear proteins to influence transcription. However, the extent bromodomains bind non-acetyl acylations is largely unknown. Also unclear are the effects of neighboring post-translational modifications, especially within heavily modified histone tails. Using peptide arrays, binding assays, sucrose gradients, and computational methods, we quantified 10 distinct acylations for binding to the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family. Four of these acylations (hydroxyisobutyrylation, malonylation, glutarylation, and homocitrullination) had never been tested for bromodomain binding. We found N-terminal BET bromodomains bound acetylated and propionylated peptides, consistent with previous studies. Interestingly, all other acylations inhibited binding of the BET bromodomains to peptides and nucleosomes. To understand how context tunes bromodomain binding, effects of neighboring methylation, phosphorylation, and acylation within histone H4 tails were determined. Serine 1 phosphorylation inhibited binding of the BRD4 N-terminal bromodomain to polyacetylated H4 tails by >5-fold, whereas methylation had no effect. Furthermore, binding of BRDT and BRD4 N-terminal bromodomains to H4K5acetyl was enhanced 1.4-9.5-fold by any neighboring acylation of lysine 8, indicating a secondary H4K8acyl binding site that is more permissive of non-acetyl acylations than previously appreciated. In contrast, C-terminal BET bromodomains exhibited 9.9-13.5-fold weaker binding for polyacylated than for monoacylated H4 tails, indicating the C-terminal bromodomains do not cooperatively bind multiple acylations. These results suggest acyl-CoA levels tune or block recruitment of the BET bromodomains to histones, linking metabolism to bromodomain-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Olp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Nan Zhu
- Stem Cell Biology and Hematopoiesis Program, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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41
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Goudarzi A, Zhang D, Huang H, Barral S, Kwon OK, Qi S, Tang Z, Buchou T, Vitte AL, He T, Cheng Z, Montellier E, Gaucher J, Curtet S, Debernardi A, Charbonnier G, Puthier D, Petosa C, Panne D, Rousseaux S, Roeder RG, Zhao Y, Khochbin S. Dynamic Competing Histone H4 K5K8 Acetylation and Butyrylation Are Hallmarks of Highly Active Gene Promoters. Mol Cell 2017; 62:169-180. [PMID: 27105113 PMCID: PMC4850424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recently discovered histone lysine acylation marks increase the functional diversity of nucleosomes well beyond acetylation. Here, we focus on histone butyrylation in the context of sperm cell differentiation. Specifically, we investigate the butyrylation of histone H4 lysine 5 and 8 at gene promoters where acetylation guides the binding of Brdt, a bromodomain-containing protein, thereby mediating stage-specific gene expression programs and post-meiotic chromatin reorganization. Genome-wide mapping data show that highly active Brdt-bound gene promoters systematically harbor competing histone acetylation and butyrylation marks at H4 K5 and H4 K8. Despite acting as a direct stimulator of transcription, histone butyrylation competes with acetylation, especially at H4 K5, to prevent Brdt binding. Additionally, H4 K5K8 butyrylation also marks retarded histone removal during late spermatogenesis. Hence, alternating H4 acetylation and butyrylation, while sustaining direct gene activation and dynamic bromodomain binding, could impact the final male epigenome features. Active gene TSSs are marked by competing H4 K5K8 acetylation and butyrylation Histone butyrylation directly stimulates transcription H4K5 butyrylation prevents binding of the testis specific gene expression-driver Brdt H4K5K8 butyrylation is associated with delayed histone removal in spermatogenic cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Di Zhang
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - He Huang
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sophie Barral
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shankang Qi
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhanyun Tang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thierry Buchou
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Vitte
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Tieming He
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Emilie Montellier
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Gaucher
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France; EMBL Grenoble, BP 181, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Curtet
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Debernardi
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- TAGC, UMR, S 1090 INSERM Aix-Marseille Université, U928 Parc Scientifique de Luminy case 928 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- TAGC, UMR, S 1090 INSERM Aix-Marseille Université, U928 Parc Scientifique de Luminy case 928 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Carlo Petosa
- Université Grenoble Alpes/CEA/CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38027 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Panne
- EMBL Grenoble, BP 181, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France.
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42
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Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the existence of a plethora of previously unknown protein acyl-lysine modifications, affecting the functions of targets involved in diverse cellular processes. A recent study from the Hirschey laboratory has provided new chemical insights into the mechanisms of protein acylation.
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43
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Fluxomic evidence for impaired contribution of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to mitochondrial palmitate β-oxidation in symptomatic patients with ACADS gene susceptibility variants. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:101-106. [PMID: 28532786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite ACADS (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain) gene susceptibility variants (c.511C>T and c.625G>A) are considered to be non-pathogenic, encoded proteins are known to exhibit altered kinetics. Whether or not, they might affect overall fatty acid β-oxidation still remains, however, unclear. METHODS De novo biosynthesis of acylcarnitines by whole blood samples incubated with deuterated palmitate (16-2H3,15-2H2-palmitate) is suitable as a fluxomic exploration to distinguish between normal and disrupted β-oxidation, abnormal profiles and ratios of acylcarnitines with different chain-lengths being indicative of the site for enzymatic blockade. Determinations in 301 control subjects of ratios between deuterated butyrylcarnitine and sum of deuterated C2 to C14 acylcarnitines served here as reference values to state specifically functional SCAD impairment in patients addressed for clinical and/or biological suspicion of a β-oxidation disorder. RESULTS Functional SCAD impairment was found in 39 patients. The 27 patients accepting subsequent gene studies were all positive for ACADS mutations. Twenty-six of 27 patients were positive for c.625G>A variant. Twenty-three of 27 patients harbored susceptibility variants as sole ACADS alterations (18 homozygous and 3 heterozygous for c.625G>A, 2 compound heterozygous for c.625G>A/c.511C>T). CONCLUSION Our present fluxomic assessment of SCAD suggests a link between ACADS susceptibility variants and abnormal β-oxidation consistent with known altered kinetics of these variants.
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44
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The Mammalian Malonyl-CoA Synthetase ACSF3 Is Required for Mitochondrial Protein Malonylation and Metabolic Efficiency. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:673-684.e4. [PMID: 28479296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) is a central metabolite in mammalian fatty acid biochemistry generated and utilized in the cytoplasm; however, little is known about noncanonical organelle-specific malonyl-CoA metabolism. Intramitochondrial malonyl-CoA is generated by a malonyl-CoA synthetase, ACSF3, which produces malonyl-CoA from malonate, an endogenous competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. To determine the metabolic requirement for mitochondrial malonyl-CoA, ACSF3 knockout (KO) cells were generated by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing. ACSF3 KO cells exhibited elevated malonate and impaired mitochondrial metabolism. Unbiased and targeted metabolomics analysis of KO and control cells in the presence or absence of exogenous malonate revealed metabolic changes dependent on either malonate or malonyl-CoA. While ACSF3 was required for the metabolism and therefore detoxification of malonate, ACSF3-derived malonyl-CoA was specifically required for lysine malonylation of mitochondrial proteins. Together, these data describe an essential role for ACSF3 in dictating the metabolic fate of mitochondrial malonate and malonyl-CoA in mammalian metabolism.
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45
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Mal-Lys: prediction of lysine malonylation sites in proteins integrated sequence-based features with mRMR feature selection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38318. [PMID: 27910954 PMCID: PMC5133563 DOI: 10.1038/srep38318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine malonylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) in proteins, and has been characterized to be associated with diseases. However, identifying malonyllysine sites still remains to be a great challenge due to the labor-intensive and time-consuming experiments. In view of this situation, the establishment of a useful computational method and the development of an efficient predictor are highly desired. In this study, a predictor Mal-Lys which incorporated residue sequence order information, position-specific amino acid propensity and physicochemical properties was proposed. A feature selection method of minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) was used to select optimal ones from the whole features. With the leave-one-out validation, the value of the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as 0.8143, whereas 6-, 8- and 10-fold cross-validations had similar AUC values which showed the robustness of the predictor Mal-Lys. The predictor also showed satisfying performance in the experimental data from the UniProt database. Meanwhile, a user-friendly web-server for Mal-Lys is accessible at http://app.aporc.org/Mal-Lys/.
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46
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Gertz M, Steegborn C. Using mitochondrial sirtuins as drug targets: disease implications and available compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2871-96. [PMID: 27007507 PMCID: PMC11108305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are an evolutionary conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases. Mammals have seven Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7. They contribute to regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging processes, and are considered therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases. While initial studies were focused on Sirt1 and 2, recent progress on the mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3, 4, and 5 has stimulated research and drug development for these isoforms. Here we review the roles of Sirtuins in regulating mitochondrial functions, with a focus on the mitochondrially located isoforms, and on their contributions to disease pathologies. We further summarize the compounds available for modulating the activity of these Sirtuins, again with a focus on mitochondrial isoforms, and we describe recent results important for the further improvement of compounds. This overview illustrates the potential of mitochondrial Sirtuins as drug targets and summarizes the status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gertz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayer Pharma AG, Apratherweg 18a, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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47
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Lysine acetylation in mitochondria: From inventory to function. Mitochondrion 2016; 33:58-71. [PMID: 27476757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways are regulated in a highly dynamic fashion in order to quickly adapt to distinct environmental conditions. Acetylation of lysine residues represents a central process that orchestrates cellular metabolism and signaling. In mitochondria, acetylation seems to be the most prevalent post-translational modification, presumably linked to the compartmentation and high turnover of acetyl-CoA in this organelle. Similarly, the elevated pH and the higher concentration of metabolites in mitochondria seem to favor non-enzymatic lysine modifications, as well as other acylations. Hence, elucidating the mechanisms for metabolic control of protein acetylation is crucial for our understanding of cellular processes. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have considerably increased our knowledge of the regulatory scope of acetylation. Here, we review the current knowledge and functional impact of mitochondrial protein acetylation across species. We first cover the experimental approaches to identify and analyze lysine acetylation on a global scale, we then explore both commonalities and specific differences of plant and animal acetylomes and the evolutionary conservation of protein acetylation, as well as its particular impact on metabolism and diseases. Important future directions and technical challenges are discussed, and it is pointed out that the transfer of knowledge between species and diseases, both in technology and biology, is of particular importance for further advancements in this field.
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48
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Bleeker JC, Houtkooper RH. Sirtuin activation as a therapeutic approach against inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:565-72. [PMID: 27146436 PMCID: PMC4920849 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein acylation has emerged as a large family of post translational modifications in which an acyl group can alter the function of a wide variety of proteins, especially in response to metabolic stress. The acylation state is regulated through reversible acylation/deacylation. Acylation occurs enzymatically or non-enzymatically, and responds to acyl-CoA levels. Deacylation on the other hand is controlled through the NAD(+)-dependent sirtuin proteins. In several inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), accumulation of acyl-CoAs, due to defects in amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways, can lead to hyperacylation of proteins. This can have a direct effect on protein function and might play a role in pathophysiology. In this review we describe several mouse and cell models for IEM that display high levels of lysine acylation. Furthermore, we discuss how sirtuins serve as a promising therapeutic target to restore acylation state and could treat IEMs. In this context we examine several pharmacological sirtuin activators, such as resveratrol, NAD(+) precursors and PARP and CD38 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette C Bleeker
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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The growing landscape of tubulin acetylation: lysine 40 and many more. Biochem J 2016; 473:1859-68. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin heterodimers are the building block of microtubules, which are major elements of the cytoskeleton. Several types of post-translational modifications are found on tubulin subunits as well as on the microtubule polymer to regulate the multiple roles of microtubules. Acetylation of lysine 40 (K40) of the α-tubulin subunit is one of these post-translational modifications which has been extensively studied. We summarize the current knowledge about the structural aspects of K40 acetylation, the functional consequences, the enzymes involved and their regulation. Most importantly, we discuss the potential importance of the recently discovered additional acetylation acceptor lysines in tubulin subunits and highlight the urgent need to study tubulin acetylation in a more integrated perspective.
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50
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LC-quadrupole/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry enables stable isotope-resolved simultaneous quantification and ¹³C-isotopic labeling of acyl-coenzyme A thioesters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3651-8. [PMID: 26968563 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesters are evolutionarily conserved, compartmentalized, and energetically activated substrates for biochemical reactions. The ubiquitous involvement of acyl-CoA thioesters in metabolism, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid degradation, and cholesterol metabolism highlights the broad applicability of applied measurements of acyl-CoA thioesters. However, quantitation of acyl-CoA levels provides only one dimension of metabolic information and a more complete description of metabolism requires the relative contribution of different precursors to individual substrates and pathways. Using two distinct stable isotope labeling approaches, acyl-CoA thioesters can be labeled with either a fixed [(13)C3(15)N1] label derived from pantothenate into the CoA moiety or via variable [(13)C] labeling into the acyl chain from metabolic precursors. Liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry using parallel reaction monitoring, but not single ion monitoring, allowed the simultaneous quantitation of acyl-CoA thioesters by stable isotope dilution using the [(13)C3(15)N1] label and measurement of the incorporation of labeled carbon atoms derived from [(13)C6]-glucose, [(13)C5(15)N2]-glutamine, and [(13)C3]-propionate. As a proof of principle, we applied this method to human B cell lymphoma (WSU-DLCL2) cells in culture to precisely describe the relative pool size and enrichment of isotopic tracers into acetyl-, succinyl-, and propionyl-CoA. This method will allow highly precise, multiplexed, and stable isotope-resolved determination of metabolism to refine metabolic models, characterize novel metabolism, and test modulators of metabolic pathways involving acyl-CoA thioesters.
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