1
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Obaid O, Batawi R, Alqurashi H, Ewis T, Obaid AA. Bilateral Glaucoma as Possible Additional Feature for PGAP3-Associated Hyperphosphatasia. Case Rep Genet 2024; 2024:3561555. [PMID: 38558875 PMCID: PMC10981546 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3561555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatasia with mental disorder (HPMRS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by gene mutations in enzymes involved in the synthesis and remodeling of lipids. Seven-month-old boy diagnosed with bilateral glaucoma had a cleft palate, facial dysmorphism, hypertelorism, a broad nasal bridge, and large fleshy earlobes. A brain MRI scan also revealed brain abnormalities. The observed phenotype in a seven-month-old boy is in agreement with the phenotypic features of HPRMS type-4. Whole exome sequencing revealed a possible pathogenic variant of PGAP3 in a homozygous state (c.320C > T, p.Ser107Leu) which supported the diagnosis of HPRMS type-4. We report an unusual presentation for HPMRS and suggest adding this syndrome to the list of differential diagnoses of syndromic congenital glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Obaid
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Batawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alqurashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thana Ewis
- Department of Radiology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Obaid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Pradeep P, Kang H, Lee B. Glycosylation and behavioral symptoms in neurological disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:154. [PMID: 37156804 PMCID: PMC10167254 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the addition of glycans or carbohydrates to proteins, lipids, or other glycans, is a complex post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in cellular function. It is estimated that at least half of all mammalian proteins undergo glycosylation, underscoring its importance in the functioning of cells. This is reflected in the fact that a significant portion of the human genome, around 2%, is devoted to encoding enzymes involved in glycosylation. Changes in glycosylation have been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Despite its widespread occurrence, the role of glycosylation in the central nervous system remains largely unknown, particularly with regard to its impact on behavioral abnormalities in brain diseases. This review focuses on examining the role of three types of glycosylation: N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, in the manifestation of behavioral and neurological symptoms in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha Pradeep
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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3
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Hamilton MC, Fife JD, Akinci E, Yu T, Khowpinitchai B, Cha M, Barkal S, Thi TT, Yeo GH, Ramos Barroso JP, Jake Francoeur M, Velimirovic M, Gifford DK, Lettre G, Yu H, Cassa CA, Sherwood RI. Systematic elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlying cholesterol uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.500804. [PMID: 36711952 PMCID: PMC9881906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.500804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation contributes greatly to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and coronary artery disease risk. By combining analysis of rare coding variants from the UK Biobank and genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and activation screening, we have substantially improved the identification of genes whose disruption alters serum LDL-C levels. We identify 21 genes in which rare coding variants significantly alter LDL-C levels at least partially through altered LDL-C uptake. We use co-essentiality-based gene module analysis to show that dysfunction of the RAB10 vesicle transport pathway leads to hypercholesterolemia in humans and mice by impairing surface LDL receptor levels. Further, we demonstrate that loss of function of OTX2 leads to robust reduction in serum LDL-C levels in mice and humans by increasing cellular LDL-C uptake. Altogether, we present an integrated approach that improves our understanding of genetic regulators of LDL-C levels and provides a roadmap for further efforts to dissect complex human disease genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Hamilton
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D. Fife
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ersin Akinci
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian Yu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benyapa Khowpinitchai
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minsun Cha
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sammy Barkal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thi Tun Thi
- Precision Medicine Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace H.T. Yeo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos Barroso
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Jake Francoeur
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minja Velimirovic
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David K. Gifford
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Haojie Yu
- Precision Medicine Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher A. Cassa
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard I. Sherwood
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Fliesler SJ, Ramachandra Rao S, Nguyen MN, KhalafAllah MT, Pittler SJ. Vertebrate Animal Models of RP59: Current Status and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13324. [PMID: 36362109 PMCID: PMC9657489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa-59 (RP59) is a rare, recessive form of RP, caused by mutations in the gene encoding DHDDS (dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase). DHDDS forms a heterotetrameric complex with Nogo-B receptor (NgBR; gene NUS1) to form a cis-prenyltransferase (CPT) enzyme complex, which is required for the synthesis of dolichol, which in turn is required for protein N-glycosylation as well as other glycosylation reactions in eukaryotic cells. Herein, we review the published phenotypic characteristics of RP59 models extant, with an emphasis on their ocular phenotypes, based primarily upon knock-in of known RP59-associated DHDDS mutations as well as cell type- and tissue-specific knockout of DHDDS alleles in mice. We also briefly review findings in RP59 patients with retinal disease and other patients with DHDDS mutations causing epilepsy and other neurologic disease. We discuss these findings in the context of addressing "knowledge gaps" in our current understanding of the underlying pathobiology mechanism of RP59, as well as their potential utility for developing therapeutic interventions to block the onset or to dampen the severity or progression of RP59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Fliesler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine, State University of New York—University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine, State University of New York—University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Mai N. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mahmoud Tawfik KhalafAllah
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Steven J. Pittler
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Katata Y, Uneoka S, Saijyo N, Aihara Y, Miyazoe T, Koyamaishi S, Oikawa Y, Ito Y, Abe Y, Numata-Uematsu Y, Takayama J, Kikuchi A, Tamiya G, Uematsu M, Kure S. The longest reported sibling survivors of a severe form of congenital myasthenic syndrome with the ALG14 pathogenic variant. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:1293-1298. [PMID: 34971077 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) is a group of diseases that causes abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction owing to genetic anomalies. The pathogenic variant in ALG14 results in a severe pathological form of CMS causing end-plate acetylcholine receptor deficiency. Here, we report the cases of two siblings with CMS associated with a novel variant in ALG14. Immediately after birth, they showed hypotonia and multiple joint contractures with low Apgar scores. Ptosis, low-set ears, and high-arched palate were noted. Deep tendon reflexes were symmetrical. They showed worsening swallowing and respiratory problems; hence, nasal feeding and tracheotomy were performed. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed delayed myelination and cerebral atrophy. Exome sequencing indicated that the siblings had novel compound heterozygous missense variants, c.590T>G (p.Val197Gly) and c.433G>A (p.Gly145Arg), in exon 4 of ALG14. Repetitive nerve stimulation test showed an abnormal decrease in compound muscle action potential. After treatment with pyridostigmine, the time off the respirator increased. Their epileptic seizures were well controlled by anti-epileptic drugs. Their clinical course is stable even now at the ages of 5 and 2 years, making them the longest reported survivors of a severe form of CMS with the ALG14 variant thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Katata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saki Uneoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Saijyo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Aihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Miyazoe
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Koyamaishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Oikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuya Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Hachinohe, Japan
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | | | - Jun Takayama
- Department of AI and Innovative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Department of AI and Innovative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Uematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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6
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Esmail S, Manolson MF. Advances in understanding N-glycosylation structure, function, and regulation in health and disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151186. [PMID: 34839178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification crucial for membrane protein folding, stability and other cellular functions. Alteration of membrane protein N-glycans is implicated in wide range of pathological conditions including cancer metastasis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and viral pathogenesis. Even though the roles of N-glycans have been studied extensively, our knowledge of their mechanisms remains unclear due to the lack of detailed structural analysis of the N-glycome. Mapping the N-glycome landscape will open new avenues to explore disease mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets. This review discusses the diverse structure of N-linked glycans, the function and regulation of N-glycosylation in health and disease, and ends with a focus on recent approaches to target N-glycans in rheumatoid arthritis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Esmail
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.
| | - Morris F Manolson
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
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7
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Ain NU, Baroncelli M, Costantini A, Ishaq T, Taylan F, Nilsson O, Mäkitie O, Naz S. Novel form of rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia associated with a homozygous variant in GNPNAT1. J Med Genet 2021; 58:351-356. [PMID: 32591345 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies exploring molecular mechanisms underlying congenital skeletal disorders have revealed novel regulators of skeletal homeostasis and shown protein glycosylation to play an important role. OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic cause of rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia in a consanguineous Pakistani family. METHODS Clinical investigations were carried out for four affected individuals in the recruited family. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was completed using DNA from two affected and two unaffected individuals from the family. Sequencing data were processed, filtered and analysed. In silico analyses were performed to predict the effects of the candidate variant on the protein structure and function. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to study the effect of Gnpnat1 gene knockdown in primary rat chondrocytes. RESULTS The patients presented with short stature due to extreme shortening of the proximal segments of the limbs. Radiographs of one individual showed hip dysplasia and severe platyspondyly. WGS data analyses identified a homozygous missense variant c.226G>A; p.(Glu76Lys) in GNPNAT1, segregating with the disease. Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase, encoded by the highly conserved gene GNPNAT1, is one of the enzymes required for synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, which participates in protein glycosylation. Knockdown of Gnpnat1 by siRNAs decreased cellular proliferation and expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers collagen type 2 and alkaline phosphatase, indicating that Gnpnat1 is important for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel severe skeletal dysplasia associated with a biallelic, variant in GNPNAT1. Our data suggest that GNPNAT1 is important for growth plate chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Ain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Baroncelli
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tayyaba Ishaq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fulya Taylan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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8
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Anzai R, Tsuji M, Yamashita S, Wada Y, Okamoto N, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Goto T. Congenital disorders of glycosylation type IIb with MOGS mutations cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, dysmorphic features, and hepatic dysfunction. Brain Dev 2021; 43:402-410. [PMID: 33261925 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM MOGS mutations cause congenital disorders of glycosylation type IIb (CDG-IIb or GCS1-CDG). The specific manifestations caused by the mutations in this gene remain unknown. We aimed to describe the clinical features of CDG- IIb and the effectiveness of urinary oligosaccharide analysis in the diagnosis of CDG- IIb. METHODS Patient 1 was analyzed with whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the causative gene of intractable epilepsy and severe developmental delay. After detecting MOGS mutation in patient 1, we analyzed patients 2 and 3 who were siblings and had clinical features similar to those in patient 1. Urinary oligosaccharide analysis was performed to confirm CDG- IIb diagnosis in patient 1. The clinical features of these patients were analyzed and compared with those in eight published cases. RESULTS Our three patients presented with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, generalized hypotonia, hepatic dysfunction and dysmorphic features. In two cases, compound heterozygous mutations in MOGS were identified by WES. Isolation and characterization of the urinary oligosaccharide was performed in one of these cases to confirm the diagnosis of CDG-IIb. Although the isoelectric focusing of transferrin (IEF-T) of serum in this patient was normal, urinary excretion of Hex4 corresponding to Glc3Man was observed by mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION This report provides clinical manifestations of CDG-IIb with MOGS mutation. CDG-IIb shows a normal IEF profile of serum transferrin and cannot be detected by structural analysis of the patient's glycoproteins. Characterization of urinary oligosaccharides should be considered to detect this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Anzai
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Megumi Tsuji
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sumimasa Yamashita
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohide Goto
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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9
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Blazev R, Ashwood C, Abrahams JL, Chung LH, Francis D, Yang P, Watt KI, Qian H, Quaife-Ryan GA, Hudson JE, Gregorevic P, Thaysen-Andersen M, Parker BL. Integrated Glycoproteomics Identifies a Role of N-Glycosylation and Galectin-1 on Myogenesis and Muscle Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100030. [PMID: 33583770 PMCID: PMC8724610 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cell surface and secreted proteins are modified by the covalent addition of glycans that play an important role in the development of multicellular organisms. These glycan modifications enable communication between cells and the extracellular matrix via interactions with specific glycan-binding lectins and the regulation of receptor-mediated signaling. Aberrant protein glycosylation has been associated with the development of several muscular diseases, suggesting essential glycan- and lectin-mediated functions in myogenesis and muscle development, but our molecular understanding of the precise glycans, catalytic enzymes, and lectins involved remains only partially understood. Here, we quantified dynamic remodeling of the membrane-associated proteome during a time-course of myogenesis in cell culture. We observed wide-spread changes in the abundance of several important lectins and enzymes facilitating glycan biosynthesis. Glycomics-based quantification of released N-linked glycans confirmed remodeling of the glycome consistent with the regulation of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases responsible for their formation including a previously unknown digalactose-to-sialic acid switch supporting a functional role of these glycoepitopes in myogenesis. Furthermore, dynamic quantitative glycoproteomic analysis with multiplexed stable isotope labeling and analysis of enriched glycopeptides with multiple fragmentation approaches identified glycoproteins modified by these regulated glycans including several integrins and growth factor receptors. Myogenesis was also associated with the regulation of several lectins, most notably the upregulation of galectin-1 (LGALS1). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Lgals1 inhibited differentiation and myotube formation, suggesting an early functional role of galectin-1 in the myogenic program. Importantly, similar changes in N-glycosylation and the upregulation of galectin-1 during postnatal skeletal muscle development were observed in mice. Treatment of new-born mice with recombinant adeno-associated viruses to overexpress galectin-1 in the musculature resulted in enhanced muscle mass. Our data form a valuable resource to further understand the glycobiology of myogenesis and will aid the development of intervention strategies to promote healthy muscle development or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Blazev
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; CardiOmics Program, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jodie L Abrahams
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Long H Chung
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deanne Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin I Watt
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory A Quaife-Ryan
- Cardiac Bioengineering Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James E Hudson
- Cardiac Bioengineering Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Dissecting Total Plasma and Protein-Specific Glycosylation Profiles in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207635. [PMID: 33076454 PMCID: PMC7589176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is a multifactorial process involved in many biological processes. A broad range of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) have been described that feature defects in protein N-glycan biosynthesis. Here, we present insights into the disrupted N-glycosylation of various CDG patients exhibiting defects in the transport of nucleotide sugars, Golgi glycosylation or Golgi trafficking. We studied enzymatically released N-glycans of total plasma proteins and affinity purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients and healthy controls using mass spectrometry (MS). The applied method allowed the differentiation of sialic acid linkage isomers via their derivatization. Furthermore, protein-specific glycan profiles were quantified for transferrin and IgG Fc using electrospray ionization MS of intact proteins and glycopeptides, respectively. Next to the previously described glycomic effects, we report unprecedented sialic linkage-specific effects. Defects in proteins involved in Golgi trafficking (COG5-CDG) and CMP-sialic acid transport (SLC35A1-CDG) resulted in lower levels of sialylated structures on plasma proteins as compared to healthy controls. Findings for these specific CDGs include a more pronounced effect for α2,3-sialylation than for α2,6-sialylation. The diverse abnormalities in glycomic features described in this study reflect the broad range of biological mechanisms that influence protein glycosylation.
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Doroftei B, Nemtanu L, Ilie OD, Simionescu G, Ivanov I, Anton E, Puiu M, Maftei R. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) Associated with Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Diseases (PGT-M) in a Romanian Carrier Couple for Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type Ia (CDG-Ia): A Case Report. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060697. [PMID: 32630370 PMCID: PMC7349484 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) is a severe morphogenic and metabolic disorder that affects all of the systems of organs and is caused by a mutation of the gene PMM2, having a mortality rate of 20% during the first months of life. Results: Here we report the outcome of an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycle associated with preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) in a Romanian carrier couple for CDG type Ia with distinct mutations of the PMM2 gene. The embryonic biopsy was performed on day five of the blastocyst stage for six embryos. The amplification of the whole genome had been realized by using the PicoPLEX WGA kit. Using the Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation technique, we detected both euploid and aneuploid embryos. The identification of the PMM2 mutation on exon 5 and exon 6 was performed for the euploid embryos through Sanger Sequencing with specific primers on ABI 3500. Of the six embryos tested, only three were euploid. One had compound heterozygosity and the remaining two were simple heterozygotes. Conclusion: PGT-M should be strongly considered for optimising embryo selection in partners with single-gene mutations in order to prevent transmission to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 70032 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (L.N.); (G.S.); (I.I.); (E.A.); (R.M.)
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Nemtanu
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 70032 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (L.N.); (G.S.); (I.I.); (E.A.); (R.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Carol I Avenue, no 11, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela Simionescu
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 70032 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (L.N.); (G.S.); (I.I.); (E.A.); (R.M.)
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliu Ivanov
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 70032 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (L.N.); (G.S.); (I.I.); (E.A.); (R.M.)
- Regional Oncology Institute Iasi, Department of Molecular Biology, General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, no 2-4, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emil Anton
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 70032 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (L.N.); (G.S.); (I.I.); (E.A.); (R.M.)
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Eftimie Murgu Square, no 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Radu Maftei
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 70032 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (L.N.); (G.S.); (I.I.); (E.A.); (R.M.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Davids M, Menezes M, Guo Y, McLean SD, Hakonarson H, Collins F, Worgan L, Billington CJ, Maric I, Littlejohn RO, Onyekweli T, Adams DR, Tifft CJ, Gahl WA, Wolfe LA, Christodoulou J, Malicdan MCV. Homozygous splice-variants in human ARV1 cause GPI-anchor synthesis deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:49-57. [PMID: 32165008 PMCID: PMC7303973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the ARV1 Homolog, Fatty Acid Homeostasis Modulator (ARV1), have recently been described in association with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 38. Affected individuals presented with epilepsy, ataxia, profound intellectual disability, visual impairment, and central hypotonia. In S. cerevisiae, Arv1 is thought to be involved in sphingolipid metabolism and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor synthesis. The function of ARV1 in human cells, however, has not been elucidated. METHODS Mutations were discovered through whole exome sequencing and alternate splicing was validated on the cDNA level. Expression of the variants was determined by qPCR and Western blot. Expression of GPI-anchored proteins on neutrophils and fibroblasts was analyzed by FACS and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. RESULTS Here we describe seven patients from two unrelated families with biallelic splice mutations in ARV1. The patients presented with early onset epilepsy, global developmental delays, profound hypotonia, delayed speech development, cortical visual impairment, and severe generalized cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. The splice variants resulted in decreased ARV1 expression and significant decreases in GPI-anchored protein on the membranes of neutrophils and fibroblasts, indicating that the loss of ARV1 results in impaired GPI-anchor synthesis. CONCLUSION Loss of GPI-anchored proteins on our patients' cells confirms that the yeast Arv1 function of GPI-anchor synthesis is conserved in humans. Overlap between the phenotypes in our patients and those reported for other GPI-anchor disorders suggests that ARV1-deficiency is a GPI-anchor synthesis disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Davids
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minal Menezes
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott D McLean
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felicity Collins
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Worgan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles J Billington
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tito Onyekweli
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Vicogne D, Houdou M, Garat A, Climer L, Lupashin V, Morelle W, Foulquier F. Fetal bovine serum impacts the observed N-glycosylation defects in TMEM165 KO HEK cells. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:357-366. [PMID: 31415112 PMCID: PMC7021577 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
TMEM165 is involved in a rare genetic human disease named TMEM165-CDG (congenital disorders of glycosylation). It is Golgi localized, highly conserved through evolution and belongs to the uncharacterized protein family 0016 (UPF0016). The use of isogenic TMEM165 KO HEK cells was crucial in deciphering the function of TMEM165 in Golgi manganese homeostasis. Manganese is a major cofactor of many glycosylation enzymes. Severe Golgi glycosylation defects are observed in TMEM165 Knock Out Human Embryonic Kidney (KO HEK) cells and are rescued by exogenous manganese supplementation. Intriguingly, we demonstrate in this study that the observed Golgi glycosylation defect mainly depends on fetal bovine serum, particularly its manganese level. Our results also demonstrate that iron and/or galactose can modulate the observed glycosylation defects in TMEM165 KO HEK cells. While isogenic cultured cells are widely used to study the impact of gene defects on proteins' glycosylation patterns, these results emphasize the importance of the use of validated fetal bovine serum in glycomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Houdou
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Garat
- Univ. Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, F- 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Biomed 261-2, Slot 505, 200 South Cedar St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Willy Morelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000 Lille, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000 Lille, France
- Address correspondence should be sent to: François Foulquier ()
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Tvina A, Thomsen A, Palatnik A. Prenatal and postnatal phenotype of a pathologic variant in the ATP6AP1 gene. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103881. [PMID: 32058063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ATP6AP1 gene encodes for ATPase H+ transporting protein. ATP6AP1 gene mutations are associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and can affect multiple organ system. Descriptions of postnatal phenotype include immunodeficiency, hepatopathy and cognitive impairment. No prenatal phenotype of these gene mutations has been described to date. CASE This is a description of the prenatal workup of an infant diagnosed with a X-linked ATP6AP1 gene mutation. First trimester ultrasound demonstrated a thickened nuchal translucency measured at 3.27 mm and dysmorphic spinal canal, corresponding to kyphoscoliosis finding postnatally. Findings from amniocentesis at 15 weeks included elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AF-AFP) and positive acetylcholinesterase (AchE). Dilation of the aortic arch was seen on fetal echocardiogram at 20 weeks. Throughout the second trimester, a rim of fluid collection was seen under the skin covering the thoracic and lumbar fetal spine, consistent with a large Aplasia Cutis below the right scapula present at birth. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first description of prenatal phenotype of an X-linked ATP6AP1 gene mutation, and the association of this gene mutation with increased NT, elevated AF-AFP and AchE and Aplasia Cutis Congenita. This variant was submitted to ClinVar public database, submission ID: SUB6537411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Tvina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Allison Thomsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Li D, Mukhopadhyay S. Functional analyses of the UDP-galactose transporter SLC35A2 using the binding of bacterial Shiga toxins as a novel activity assay. Glycobiology 2020; 29:490-503. [PMID: 30834435 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC35A2 transports UDP-galactose from the cytosol to the lumen of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum for glycosylation. Mutations in SLC35A2 induce a congenital disorder of glycosylation. Despite the biomedical relevance, mechanisms of transport via SLC35A2 and the impact of disease-associated mutations on activity are unclear. To address these issues, we generated a predicted structure of SLC35A2 and assayed for the effects of a set of structural and disease-associated mutations. Activity assays were performed using a rescue approach in ΔSLC35A2 cells and took advantage of the fact that SLC35A2 is required for expression of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), the cell surface receptor for Shiga toxin 1 (STx1) and 2 (STx2). The N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic loops of SLC35A2 were dispensable for activity, but two critical glycine (Gly-202 and Gly-214) and lysine (Lys-78 and Lys-297) residues in transmembrane segments were required. Residues corresponding to Gly-202 and Gly-214 in the related transporter SLC35A1 form a substrate-translocating channel, suggesting that a similar mechanism may be involved in SLC35A2. Among the eight disease-associated mutations tested, SLC35A2 function was completely inhibited by two (S213F and G282R) and partially inhibited by three (R55L, G266V, and S304P), providing a straight-forward mechanism of disease. Interestingly, the remaining three (V331I, V258M, and Y267C) did not impact SLC35A2 function, suggesting that complexities beyond loss of transporter activity may underlie disease due to these mutations. Overall, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of transport of SLC35A2 and improve understanding of the relationship between SLC35A2 mutations and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Identification and characterization of novel mutations in MOGS in a Chinese patient with infantile spams. Neurogenetics 2020; 21:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Khayat W, Hackett A, Shaw M, Ilie A, Dudding-Byth T, Kalscheuer VM, Christie L, Corbett MA, Juusola J, Friend KL, Kirmse BM, Gecz J, Field M, Orlowski J. A recurrent missense variant in SLC9A7 causes nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability with alteration of Golgi acidification and aberrant glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:598-614. [PMID: 30335141 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two unrelated families with multigenerational nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID) segregating with a recurrent de novo missense variant (c.1543C>T:p.Leu515Phe) in the alkali cation/proton exchanger gene SLC9A7 (also commonly referred to as NHE7). SLC9A7 is located on human X chromosome at Xp11.3 and has not yet been associated with a human phenotype. The gene is widely transcribed, but especially abundant in brain, skeletal muscle and various secretory tissues. Within cells, SLC9A7 resides in the Golgi apparatus, with prominent enrichment in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and post-Golgi vesicles. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary AP-1 cells, the Leu515Phe mutant protein was correctly targeted to the TGN/post-Golgi vesicles, but its N-linked oligosaccharide maturation as well as that of a co-transfected secretory membrane glycoprotein, vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG) glycoprotein, was reduced compared to cells co-expressing SLC9A7 wild-type and VSVG. This correlated with alkalinization of the TGN/post-Golgi compartments, suggestive of a gain-of-function. Membrane trafficking of glycosylation-deficient Leu515Phe and co-transfected VSVG to the cell surface, however, was relatively unaffected. Mass spectrometry analysis of patient sera also revealed an abnormal N-glycosylation profile for transferrin, a clinical diagnostic marker for congenital disorders of glycosylation. These data implicate a crucial role for SLC9A7 in the regulation of TGN/post-Golgi pH homeostasis and glycosylation of exported cargo, which may underlie the cellular pathophysiology and neurodevelopmental deficits associated with this particular nonsyndromic form of X-linked ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujood Khayat
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Hackett
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Shaw
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alina Ilie
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tracy Dudding-Byth
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Louise Christie
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Corbett
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn L Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian M Kirmse
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - John Orlowski
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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van den Boogert MAW, Larsen LE, Ali L, Kuil SD, Chong PLW, Loregger A, Kroon J, Schnitzler JG, Schimmel AWM, Peter J, Levels JHM, Steenbergen G, Morava E, Dallinga-Thie GM, Wevers RA, Kuivenhoven JA, Hand NJ, Zelcer N, Rader DJ, Stroes ESG, Lefeber DJ, Holleboom AG. N-Glycosylation Defects in Humans Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Through Increased Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression. Circulation 2019; 140:280-292. [PMID: 31117816 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of protein glycosylation in regulating lipid metabolism is becoming increasingly apparent. We set out to further investigate this by studying patients with type I congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) with defective N-glycosylation. METHODS We studied 29 patients with the 2 most prevalent types of type I CDG, ALG6 (asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 6)-deficiency CDG and PMM2 (phosphomannomutase 2)-deficiency CDG, and 23 first- and second-degree relatives with a heterozygous mutation and measured plasma cholesterol levels. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism was studied in 3 cell models-gene silencing in HepG2 cells, patient fibroblasts, and patient hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells-by measuring apolipoprotein B production and secretion, LDL receptor expression and membrane abundance, and LDL particle uptake. Furthermore, SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2) protein expression and activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were studied. RESULTS We report hypobetalipoproteinemia (LDL cholesterol [LDL-C] and apolipoprotein B below the fifth percentile) in a large cohort of patients with type I CDG (mean age, 9 years), together with reduced LDL-C and apolipoprotein B in clinically unaffected heterozygous relatives (mean age, 46 years), compared with 2 separate sets of age- and sex-matched control subjects. ALG6 and PMM2 deficiency led to markedly increased LDL uptake as a result of increased cell surface LDL receptor abundance. Mechanistically, this outcome was driven by increased SREBP2 protein expression accompanied by amplified target gene expression, resulting in higher LDL receptor protein levels. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was not found to be a major mediator. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes N-glycosylation as an important regulator of LDL metabolism. Given that LDL-C was also reduced in a group of clinically unaffected heterozygotes, we propose that increasing LDL receptor-mediated cholesterol clearance by targeting N-glycosylation in the LDL pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce LDL-C and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein A W van den Boogert
- Departments of Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., J.K., G.M.D.-T., E.S.G.S., A.G.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.E.L., P.L.W.C., N.J.H., D.J.R.)
| | - Lubna Ali
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha D Kuil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (S.D.K., G.S., R.A.W., D.J.L.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L W Chong
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.E.L., P.L.W.C., N.J.H., D.J.R.)
| | - Anke Loregger
- Medical Biochemistry (A.L., N.Z.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Departments of Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., J.K., G.M.D.-T., E.S.G.S., A.G.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Schnitzler
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Alinda W M Schimmel
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Peter
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry Steenbergen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (S.D.K., G.S., R.A.W., D.J.L.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (E.M.)
| | - Geesje M Dallinga-Thie
- Departments of Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., J.K., G.M.D.-T., E.S.G.S., A.G.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., L.E.L., L.A., P.L.W.C., J.K., J.G.S., A.W.M.S., J.P., J.H.M.L., G.M.D.-T.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (S.D.K., G.S., R.A.W., D.J.L.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.A.K.)
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.E.L., P.L.W.C., N.J.H., D.J.R.)
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Medical Biochemistry (A.L., N.Z.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.E.L., P.L.W.C., N.J.H., D.J.R.)
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Departments of Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., J.K., G.M.D.-T., E.S.G.S., A.G.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (S.D.K., G.S., R.A.W., D.J.L.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology (D.J.L.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Departments of Vascular Medicine (M.A.W.v.d.B., J.K., G.M.D.-T., E.S.G.S., A.G.H.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
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Zwane AA, Schnabel RD, Hoff J, Choudhury A, Makgahlela ML, Maiwashe A, Van Marle-Koster E, Taylor JF. Genome-Wide SNP Discovery in Indigenous Cattle Breeds of South Africa. Front Genet 2019; 10:273. [PMID: 30988672 PMCID: PMC6452414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays have created new possibilities for performing genome-wide studies to detect genomic regions harboring sequence variants that affect complex traits. However, the majority of validated SNPs for which allele frequencies have been estimated are limited primarily to European breeds. The objective of this study was to perform SNP discovery in three South African indigenous breeds (Afrikaner, Drakensberger, and Nguni) using whole genome sequencing. DNA was extracted from blood and hair samples, quantified and prepared at 50 ng/μl concentration for sequencing at the Agricultural Research Council Biotechnology Platform using an Illumina HiSeq 2500. The fastq files were used to call the variants using the Genome Analysis Tool Kit. A total of 1,678,360 were identified as novel using Run 6 of 1000 Bull Genomes Project. Annotation of the identified variants classified them into functional categories. Within the coding regions, about 30% of the SNPs were non-synonymous substitutions that encode for alternate amino acids. The study of distribution of SNP across the genome identified regions showing notable differences in the densities of SNPs among the breeds and highlighted many regions of functional significance. Gene ontology terms identified genes such as MLANA, SYT10, and CDC42EP5 that have been associated with coat color in mouse, and ADAMS3, DNAJC3, and PAG5 genes have been associated with fertility in cattle. Further analysis of the variants detected 688 candidate selective sweeps (ZHp Z-scores ≤ -4) across all three breeds, of which 223 regions were assigned as being putative selective sweeps (ZHp scores ≤-5). We also identified 96 regions with extremely low ZHp Z-scores (≤-6) in Afrikaner and Nguni. Genes such as KIT and MITF that have been associated with skin pigmentation in cattle and CACNA1C, which has been associated with biopolar disorder in human, were identified in these regions. This study provides the first analysis of sequence data to discover SNPs in indigenous South African cattle breeds. The information will play an important role in our efforts to understand the genetic history of our cattle and in designing appropriate breed improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avhashoni A. Zwane
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene, South Africa
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert D. Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jesse Hoff
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute of Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mahlako Linah Makgahlela
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene, South Africa
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Azwihangwisi Maiwashe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene, South Africa
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Este Van Marle-Koster
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeremy F. Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Fetal phenotypes of congenital disorder of glycosylation: A case presentation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 236:257-258. [PMID: 30910375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Barbosa EA, Fontes NDC, Santos SCL, Lefeber DJ, Bloch C, Brum JM, Brand GD. Relative quantification of plasma N-glycans in type II congenital disorder of glycosylation patients by mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 492:102-113. [PMID: 30776362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG-II) are a group of diseases with challenging diagnostics characterized by defects in the processing of glycans in the Golgi apparatus. Mass Spectrometry (MS) has been a valuable tool in the definition of CDG-II subtypes. While some CDG-II subtypes are associated with specific N-glycan structures, others only produce changes in relative levels, reinforcing the demand for quantification methods. METHODS Plasma samples from control individuals were pooled, derivatized with deuterated iodomethane (I-CD3), and used as internal standards for controls and patients whose glycans were derivatized with iodomethane (I-CH3), followed by MALDI MS, LC-MS and -MS/MS analyses. RESULTS Total N-glycans from fifteen CDG-II patients were evaluated, and 4 cases with molecular diagnosis were considered in detail: 2ATP6V0A2-CDG siblings, and 2 MAN1B1-CDG patients, one of them carrying a previously undescribed p.Gly536Val mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our methodology offers a feasible alternative to the current methods for CDG-II diagnosis by MS, which quantify glycan structures as fractions of the total summed signal across a mass spectrum, a strategy that lowers the variability of minor components. Moreover, given its sensitivity for less concentrated yet biologically relevant structures, it might assist the uncovering of novel diagnostic glycans in other CDG-II subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Barbosa
- Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas - LSAB, Instituto de Química - IQ, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa - LEM, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - N do C Fontes
- Laboratório de Genética Bioquímica, Rede Sarah de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - S C L Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rede Sarah de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - D J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Donders Center for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Bloch
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa - LEM, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - J M Brum
- Laboratório de Genética Bioquímica, Rede Sarah de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - G D Brand
- Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas - LSAB, Instituto de Química - IQ, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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22
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Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Schiff M, Mattioli F, Schaefer E, Dupont A, Dancourt J, Dupré T, Couvineau A, de Baulny HO, de Lonlay P, Seta N, Moore S, Chantret I. Wide clinical spectrum in ALG8-CDG: clues from molecular findings suggest an explanation for a milder phenotype in the first-described patient. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:384-389. [PMID: 30420707 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) includes ALG8 deficiency, a protein N-glycosylation defect with a broad clinical spectrum. If most of the 15 previously reported patients present an early-onset multisystem severe disease and early death, three patients including the cas princeps, present long-term survival and less severe symptoms. METHODS In order to further characterize ALG8-CDG, two new ALG8 patients are described and mRNA analyses of the ALG8-CDG cas princeps were effected. RESULTS One new patient exhibited a hepato-intestinal and neurological phenotype with two novel variants (c.91A > C p.Thr31Pro; c.139dup p.Thr47Asnfs*12). The other new patient, homozygous for a known variant (c.845C > T p.Ala282Val), presented a neurological phenotype with epilepsy, intellectual disability and retinis pigmentosa. The cas princeps ALG8-CDG patient was reported to have two heterozygous frameshift variants predicted to be without activity. We now described a novel ALG8 transcript variant in this patient and the 3D model of the putative encoded protein reveals no major difference with that of the normal ALG8 protein. CONCLUSION The description of the two new ALG8 patients affirms that ALG8-CDG is a severe disease. In the cas princeps, as the originally described frameshift variants are degraded, the novel variant is promoted and could explain a milder phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Schiff
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UMR1141, PROTECT, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Mattioli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Audrey Dupont
- Intensive Care Unit, CHU Lenval, 57 avenue de la Californie, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Julia Dancourt
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI) and Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, BP 416, 75018, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Couvineau
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI) and Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, BP 416, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Ogier de Baulny
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UMR1141, PROTECT, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, metabERN, G2M, IMAGINE Institute, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Stuart Moore
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI) and Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, BP 416, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Chantret
- INSERM, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI) and Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, BP 416, 75018, Paris, France
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Shajahan A, Supekar N, Heiss C, Azadi P. High-Throughput Automated Micro-permethylation for Glycan Structure Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1237-1240. [PMID: 30572707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Permethylation is an essential technique for the detailed structural characterization of glycans by mass spectrometry. However, it requires specialized skills and equipment and is labor-intensive. While this limits glycan analysis to a handful of experts, the increasing awareness of the tremendous importance of glycans in physiological processes of health and disease has drastically raised the demand for detailed structural characterization of glycans. We have developed a simple microplate permethylation method that relies upon solid phase extraction using C18 tips to purify the permethylated glycans. The procedure is easy to perform, making it accessible to nonexperts, and fast, promising to accelerate glycan research. A 96-well plate of released glycan samples can be permethylated in less than an hour. The procedure can be carried out without discontinuous steps in an automatic pipet and integrated seamlessly with glycan release and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Nitin Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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24
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Understanding cellular glycan surfaces in the central nervous system. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:89-100. [PMID: 30559272 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the enzymatic process by which glycans are attached to proteins and lipids, is the most abundant and functionally important type of post-translational modification associated with brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies and brain cancers. Glycan structures are diverse and complex; however, they have been detected and targeted in the central nervous system (CNS) by various immunohistochemical detection methods using glycan-binding proteins such as anti-glycan antibodies or lectins and/or characterized with analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in neural stem cells play key roles in neural development, biological processes and CNS maintenance, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, molecular trafficking and differentiation. This brief review will highlight some of the important findings on differential glycan expression across stages of CNS cell differentiation and in pathological disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and brain cancer.
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Radenkovic S, Witters P, Morava E. Central nervous involvement is common in PGM1-CDG. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:200-204. [PMID: 30262252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PGM1, the enzyme responsible for the reversible inter-conversion of glucose-1-P and glucose-6-P, is also involved in glycosylation, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as congenital malformations, hypoglycemia, hormonal dysregulation, myopathy, hepatopathy, and cardiomyopathy. So far, PGM1 deficiency has not been associated with central nervous system involvement or intellectual disability. Seizures and neurologic involvement in PGM1-CDG were thought to be a consequence of hypoglycemia. We reviewed all reported PGM1 deficient patients for the presence of the central nervous system involvement, their treatment and disease history. We detected 17 patients out of the 41 reported PGM1-CDG cases with significant neurologic involvement. Several of these patients had no severe hypoglycemic episodes, or were adequately treated for hypoglycemia with no recurrent episodes of low blood sugars, while one patient had no reported hypoglycemic episodes. We suggest that neurological symptoms are frequent in PGM1-CDG and could present even in the absence of hypoglycemia. The central nervous system should be assessed early on during the diagnostic process to optimize outcome in patients with PGM1-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Radenkovic
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center of Individualized Medicine, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
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26
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Kingma HA, van der Sluijs FH, Heiner-Fokkema MR. Fast screening of N-glycosylation disorders by sialotransferrin profiling with capillary zone electrophoresis. Ann Clin Biochem 2018; 55:693-701. [PMID: 29792046 PMCID: PMC6196592 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218779609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of rare genetic disorders. The most frequently used screening method is sialotransferrin profiling using isoelectric focusing (IEF). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) may be a simple and fast alternative. We investigated the Capillarys™ CDT assay (Sebia, France) to screen for N-glycosylation disorders, using IEF as gold standard. Methods Intra- and inter-assay precision were established, and analyses in heparin-anticoagulated plasma and serum were compared. Accuracy was assessed by comparing IEF and CZE profiles of 153 samples, including 49 normal, 53 CDG type I, 2 CDG type II, 1 combined CDG type I and type II and 48 samples with a Tf-polymorphism. Neuraminidase-treated plasma was analysed to discriminate CDG and Tf-polymorphisms using samples of 52 subjects (25 had a confirmed Tf-polymorphism). Age-dependent reference values were established using profiles of 312 samples. Results Heparin-plasma is as suitable as serum for CDG screening with the Capillarys™ CDT assay. The precision of the method is high, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.5%. All profiles, including CDG and Tf-polymorphisms, were correctly identified with CZE. Forty-nine of 52 neuraminidase-treated samples correctly identified the presence/absence of a Tf-polymorphism. Interferences in 3/52 samples hampered interpretation. Sialo-Tf profiles were dependent of age, in particular in the first three months of age. Conclusions CZE analysis with the Capillarys™ CDT kit (Sebia) is a fast and reliable method for screening of N-glycosylation defects. Tf-polymorphisms could be excluded after overnight incubation with neuraminidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- HA Kingma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - FH van der Sluijs
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MR Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome type 4 In two siblings-expanding the phenotypic and mutational spectrum. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103535. [PMID: 30217754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) (OMIM # 239300), is an autosomal recessive disease with phenotypic variability, ranging from mild nonsyndromic intellectual disability to syndromic form with severe intellectual disability, seizures, elevated alkaline phosphatase, brachytelephalangy and facial dysmorphism, Six subgroups of HPMRS were defined in which pathogenic mutations affect genes involved in either synthesis or remodeling of the anchor proteins. Among these, PGAP3 mutations are associated with HPMRS type 4. We report two siblings with a novel homozygous variant in PGAP3 expanding both the phenotypic findings and the mutational spectrum of HPMRS type 4. Developmental delay, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism were the consistent findings with HPMRS in our patients. Large anterior fontanel size, gum hypertrophy, pes equinovarus, concentric ventricle hypertrophy, frontoparietal atrophy and dysphagia were the findings of our patients that have been reported for the first time in this syndrome. Although there is an extensive list of differential diagnoses in patients with developmental delay and hypotonia, the recognizable pattern of facial features, parental consanguinity and mild to moderate serum ALP elevation should be sufficiently suggestive of HPMRS type 4.
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28
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Eleven percent intact PGM3 in a severely immunodeficient patient with a novel splice-site mutation, a case report. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:285. [PMID: 30157810 PMCID: PMC6114780 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel immunodeficiency, frequently accompanied by high serum-IgE, and caused by mutations in the PGM3 gene was described in 2014. To date there are no unique phenotype characteristics for PGM3 deficiency. PGM3 encodes a carbohydrate-modifying enzyme, phosphoglucomutase 3. Null-mutations are quite likely lethal, and to date only missense mutations or small deletions have been reported. Such mutations frequently cause a combination of reduced enzyme activity and protein instability, complicating determination of the enzyme level needed for survival. Here we present the first patient with a homozygous splice-modifying mutation in the PGM3 gene. An A > G substitution at position c.871 + 3 (transcript NM_001199917) is causing a deletion of exon 7 in the majority of PGM3 transcripts. In addition, this case further increases the clinical phenotypes of immunodeficiency caused by PGM3 mutations. Case presentation We describe the symptoms of a 3-year-old girl who was severely growth retarded, had vascular malformations, extensive eczema, multiple food-allergies, and was prone to infections. Unlike the majority of reported PGM3 deficient patients she lacked skeletal dysplasia and had normal neurocognitive development. In addition to the high serum-IgE, she displayed altered T cell numbers with reduced naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, increased number of activated effector memory CD8+ T cells and aberrant T-cell functions. The patient was homozygous for a new hypomorphic, splice-modifying mutation in the PGM3 gene, causing severely reduced mRNA levels. In the patient’s cells, we observed 5% intact mRNA and approximately 11% of the protein levels seen in healthy controls. Treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell therapy was planned, but unfortunately the clinical condition deteriorated with multi-organ failure, which led to her death at 3 years of age. Conclusions There is still no specific phenotype identified that distinguishes immunodeficiency caused by PGM3 mutations from other forms of immunodeficiency. The patient described here yields new information on the phenotypic variability among these patients. In addition, since all the synthesized protein is wild-type, it is possible for the first time to estimate the enzyme activity in vivo. The results suggest that1/10 of the normal PGM3 level is sufficient for survival but that it is insufficient for accurate carbohydrate processing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1258-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Duvet S, Mouajjah D, Péanne R, Matthijs G, Raymond K, Jaeken J, Morava E, Foulquier F. Use of Endoglycosidase H as a diagnostic tool for MAN1B1-CDG patients. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3133-3141. [PMID: 29947113 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are heterogeneous group of genetic protein and lipid glycosylation abnormalities. With some 33 reported patients, MAN1B1-CDG belongs to the more frequent causes of CDG-II. MAN1B1 encodes an α1,2-mannosidase that removes the terminal mannose residue from the middle branch. Several methods have been proposed to characterize the glycosylation changes. In MAN1B1-CDG, the abnormal accumulating N-glycan structures are mostly absent or found in trace amounts in total human serum. To overcome this issue, in this study, we present a straightforward procedure based on the use of Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H to easily diagnose MAN1B1-CDG patients and mannosidase defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Duvet
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG France/Belgium (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from cellular mechanisms to cure"), France
| | - Dounia Mouajjah
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG France/Belgium (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from cellular mechanisms to cure"), France
| | - Romain Péanne
- LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG France/Belgium (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from cellular mechanisms to cure"), France.,Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Matthijs
- LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG France/Belgium (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from cellular mechanisms to cure"), France.,Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - François Foulquier
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG France/Belgium (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from cellular mechanisms to cure"), France
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30
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Abiramalatha T, Arunachal G, Muthusamy K, Thomas N. A family with floppy neonates with severe respiratory insufficiency: A lethal phenotype of RFT1-CDG due to a novel mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:248-253. [PMID: 30071302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly expanding group of inborn errors of metabolism with around 100 types described so far. Because of the limited number of reported cases in each type except PMM2-CDG, the complete clinical picture of other types is not known. RFT1-CDG is a rare type, with ten cases reported in the literature. Our patient presented as a floppy neonate with severe respiratory insufficiency and ventilator dependence in the newborn period. He had fetal growth restriction, facial dysmorphism, high arched palate, bilateral cryptorchidism, hypoplastic pons and cerebellum and probable hearing impairment. He succumbed to the illness on day 24 of life. There was a similar history of two previous sibling deaths in the early neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency and history of multiple neonatal and infant deaths in the extended family. Transferrin iso-electric focusing was normal. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1018 G > A) in RFT1 gene [NM_052859; c.1018G > A; p.G340S; ENST00000296292] and the parents were heterozygous for the same (ClinVar SVC000778540). The pathogenic variants so far reported are all missense variants affecting the luminal loops; whereas the variant in our case is in the trans-membrane helical domain. A strong family history of neonatal deaths and similar presentations in the previous 2 siblings suggests the homogenous phenotype of this mutation. Severe respiratory insuffiency and ventilator dependence shows the lethality of the disease phenotype and incompatibility with survival beyond the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Abiramalatha
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Department of Neonatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Gautham Arunachal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Karthik Muthusamy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Niranjan Thomas
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
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31
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Ding Y, Li N, Chang G, Li J, Yao R, Shen Y, Wang J, Huang X, Wang X. Clinical and molecular genetic characterization of two patients with mutations in the phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) gene. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:781-788. [PMID: 29858906 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) enzyme plays a central role in glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the inter-conversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. Recently, PGM1 deficiency has been recognized as a cause of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). Methods Two Chinese Han pediatric patients with recurrent hypoglycemia, hepatopathy and growth retardation are described in this study. Targeted gene sequencing (TGS) was performed to screen for causal genetic variants in the genome of the patients and their parents to determine the genetic basis of the phenotype. Results DNA sequencing identified three variations of the PGM1 gene (NM_002633.2). Patient 1 had a novel homozygous mutation (c.119delT, p.Ile40Thrfs*28). In patient 2, we found a compound heterozygous mutation of c.1172G>T(p.Gly391Val) (novel) and c.1507C>T(p.Arg503*) (known pathogenic). Conclusions This report deepens our understanding of the clinical features of PGM1 mutation. The early molecular genetic analysis and multisystem assessment were here found to be essential to the diagnosis of PGM1-CDG and the provision of timely and proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Niu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gouying Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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32
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Westenfield K, Sarafoglou K, Speltz LC, Pierpont EI, Steyermark J, Nascene D, Bower M, Pierpont ME. Mosaicism of the UDP-Galactose transporter SLC35A2 in a female causing a congenital disorder of glycosylation: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:100. [PMID: 29907092 PMCID: PMC6003163 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation are rare conditions caused by genetic defects in glycan synthesis, processing or transport. Most congenital disorders of glycosylation involve defects in the formation or transfer of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of N-linked glycans. SLC35A2-CDG (previously CDG-IIm) is caused by hemizygous or heterozygous mutations in the X-linked gene SLC35A2 that encodes a UDP-galactose transporter. To date there have only been 10 reported patients with SLC35A2 mutations. Importantly, the patient presented here was not identified in infancy by transferrin isoform analysis, the most common testing to identify patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation. CASE PRESENTATION A 27 month old girl with developmental delay, central hypotonia, cerebral atrophy, and failure to thrive with growth retardation was identified by whole exome sequencing to have a mosaic missense variant in SLC35A2 (c.991G > A). This particular variant has been previously reported in a male as a mutation. Comparison of all clinical findings and new information on growth pattern, growth hormone testing and neurodevelopmental evaluation are detailed on the patient presented. CONCLUSION This patient report increases the clinical and scientific knowledge of SLC35A2-CDG, a rare condition. New information on reduced growth, growth hormone sufficiency, lack of seizures, and neurodevelopmental status are presented. This new information will be helpful to clinicians caring for individuals with SLC35A2-CDG. This report also alerts clinicians that transferrin isoform measurements do not identify all patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Westenfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Genetics & Metabolism, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Laura C Speltz
- Department of Neurology, Gillette Children's Hospital, 200 University Avenue East, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Pierpont
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0392, USA
| | - Joan Steyermark
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - David Nascene
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew Bower
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mary Ella Pierpont
- Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
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33
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de Vreede G, Morrison HA, Houser AM, Boileau RM, Andersen D, Colombani J, Bilder D. A Drosophila Tumor Suppressor Gene Prevents Tonic TNF Signaling through Receptor N-Glycosylation. Dev Cell 2018; 45:595-605.e4. [PMID: 29870719 PMCID: PMC5995582 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila tumor suppressor genes have revealed molecular pathways that control tissue growth, but mechanisms that regulate mitogenic signaling are far from understood. Here we report that the Drosophila TSG tumorous imaginal discs (tid), whose phenotypes were previously attributed to mutations in a DnaJ-like chaperone, are in fact driven by the loss of the N-linked glycosylation pathway component ALG3. tid/alg3 imaginal discs display tissue growth and architecture defects that share characteristics of both neoplastic and hyperplastic mutants. Tumorous growth is driven by inhibited Hippo signaling, induced by excess Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. We show that ectopic JNK activation is caused by aberrant glycosylation of a single protein, the fly tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor homolog, which results in increased binding to the continually circulating TNF. Our results suggest that N-linked glycosylation sets the threshold of TNF receptor signaling by modifying ligand-receptor interactions and that cells may alter this modification to respond appropriately to physiological cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert de Vreede
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Holly A Morrison
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra M Houser
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryan M Boileau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ditte Andersen
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - Julien Colombani
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice 06108, France
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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34
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Yokoi K, Nakajima Y, Ohye T, Inagaki H, Wada Y, Fukuda T, Sugie H, Yuasa I, Ito T, Kurahashi H. Disruption of the Responsible Gene in a Phosphoglucomutase 1 Deficiency Patient by Homozygous Chromosomal Inversion. JIMD Rep 2018; 43:85-90. [PMID: 29752652 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) deficiency is a recently defined disease characterized by glycogenosis and a congenital glycosylation disorder caused by recessive mutations in the PGM1 gene. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with first-cousin parents who was diagnosed with a PGM1 deficiency due to significantly decreased PGM1 activity in his muscle. However, Sanger sequencing revealed no pathogenic mutation in the PGM1 gene in this patient. As this case presented with a cleft palate in addition to hypoglycemia and elevated transaminases and creatine kinase, karyotyping was performed and identified homozygous inv(1)(p31.1p32.3). Based on the chromosomal location of the PGM1 gene at 1p31, we analyzed the breakpoint of the inversion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with long PCR analysis revealed that the inversion disrupts the PGM1 gene within intron 1. Since the initiation codon in the PGM1 gene is located within exon 1, we speculated that this inversion inactivates the PGM1 gene and was therefore responsible for the patient's phenotype. When standard molecular testing fails to reveal a mutation despite a positive clinical and biochemical diagnosis, the presence of a gross structural variant that requires karyotypic examination must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Yokoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokiko Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideo Sugie
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Isao Yuasa
- Division of Legal Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan. .,Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan. .,Center for Collaboration in Research and Education, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
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35
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Gardeitchik T, Wyckmans J, Morava E. Complex Phenotypes in Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Overlapping Presentations in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation and Mitochondrial Disorders. Pediatr Clin North Am 2018; 65:375-388. [PMID: 29502919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and mitochondrial disorders have overlapping clinical features, including central nervous system, cardiac, gastrointestinal, hepatic, muscular, endocrine, and psychiatric disease. Specific abnormalities orienting the clinician toward the right diagnostic approach include abnormal fat distribution, coagulation abnormalities, together with anticoagulation abnormalities, hyperinsulinism, and congenital malformations in CDG. Diabetes, sensorineural deafness, and depression are very rare in CDG but common in mitochondrial disease. Chronic lactic acidosis is highly suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction. Serum transferrin isoform analysis is specific for glycosylation abnormalities but not abnormal in all types of CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Wyckmans
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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36
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Makaraci P, Kim K. trans-Golgi network-bound cargo traffic. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:137-149. [PMID: 29398202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cargo following the retrograde trafficking are sorted at endosomes to be targeted the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a central receiving organelle. Though molecular requirements and their interaction networks have been somewhat established, the complete understanding of the intricate nature of their action mechanisms in every step of the retrograde traffic pathway remains unachieved. This review focuses on elucidating known functions of key regulators, including scission factors at the endosome and tethering/fusion mediators at the receiving dock, TGN, as well as a diverse range of cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Makaraci
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, USA
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, USA.
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37
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Boltshauser E, Weber KP. Laboratory investigations. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 154:287-298. [PMID: 29903445 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63956-1.00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deals with chemical and hematologic investigations which are often considered in the diagnostic workup of subacute to chronic cerebellar ataxias. Relevant investigations in blood (serum, plasma), urine, and cerebrospinal fluid are discussed. Particular attention is paid to early diagnosis of treatable metabolic ataxias (such as abetalipoproteinemia, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, Refsum disease, and vitamin E deficiency), but autoimmune ataxias, other vitamin deficiencies, and endocrine disorders should also be kept in mind. Adequate interpretation of test results has to consider age-specific reference values. The selection of investigations should mainly be driven by the overall clinical context, considering gender, history, age, and mode of presentation, cerebellar and other neurologic as well as extraneurologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad P Weber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Kim YM, Seo GH, Jung E, Jang JH, Kim SZ, Lee BH. Characteristic dysmorphic features in congenital disorders of glycosylation type IIb. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:383-386. [PMID: 29235540 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over 100 types of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) have been reported and the number is rapidly increasing. However, each type is very rare and is problematic to diagnose. Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (MOGS)-CDG (CDG type IIb) is an extremely rare CDG that has only been reported in three patients from two unrelated families. Using targeted exome sequencing, we identified another patient affected by this condition. This patient had increased serum trisialotransferrin levels. Importantly, a review of the features of all four patients revealed the recognizable clinical hallmarks of MOGS-CDG. The distinct dysmorphic features of this condition include long eyelashes, retrognathia, hirsutism, clenched overlapped fingers, hypoventilation, hepatomegaly, generalized edema, and immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Myung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Go Hun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euiseok Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Jang
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin, Korea.,Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sook Za Kim
- Korea Genetic Research Center/ KSZ Children's Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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39
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Rujano MA, Cannata Serio M, Panasyuk G, Péanne R, Reunert J, Rymen D, Hauser V, Park JH, Freisinger P, Souche E, Guida MC, Maier EM, Wada Y, Jäger S, Krogan NJ, Kretz O, Nobre S, Garcia P, Quelhas D, Bird TD, Raskind WH, Schwake M, Duvet S, Foulquier F, Matthijs G, Marquardt T, Simons M. Mutations in the X-linked ATP6AP2 cause a glycosylation disorder with autophagic defects. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3707-3729. [PMID: 29127204 PMCID: PMC5716037 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rujano et al. report mutations in ATP6AP2 leading to liver disease, immunodeficiency, and psychomotor impairment. ATP6AP2 deficiency impairs the assembly and function of the V-ATPase proton pump, causing defects in protein glycosylation and autophagy. The biogenesis of the multi-subunit vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum with the assembly of the proton pore V0, which is controlled by a group of assembly factors. Here, we identify two hemizygous missense mutations in the extracellular domain of the accessory V-ATPase subunit ATP6AP2 (also known as the [pro]renin receptor) responsible for a glycosylation disorder with liver disease, immunodeficiency, cutis laxa, and psychomotor impairment. We show that ATP6AP2 deficiency in the mouse liver caused hypoglycosylation of serum proteins and autophagy defects. The introduction of one of the missense mutations into Drosophila led to reduced survival and altered lipid metabolism. We further demonstrate that in the liver-like fat body, the autophagic dysregulation was associated with defects in lysosomal acidification and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Finally, both ATP6AP2 mutations impaired protein stability and the interaction with ATP6AP1, a member of the V0 assembly complex. Collectively, our data suggest that the missense mutations in ATP6AP2 lead to impaired V-ATPase assembly and subsequent defects in glycosylation and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Rujano
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Magda Cannata Serio
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U1151/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Romain Péanne
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janine Reunert
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Münster, Germany
| | - Daisy Rymen
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Virginie Hauser
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U1151/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Julien H Park
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Kreiskliniken Reutlingen, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Erika Souche
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Clara Guida
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U1151/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Esther M Maier
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stefanie Jäger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susana Nobre
- Metabolic Reference Center, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia
- Metabolic Reference Center, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dulce Quelhas
- Biochemical Genetics Unit, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Geriatric Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Wendy H Raskind
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry III, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sandrine Duvet
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Francois Foulquier
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Gert Matthijs
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Münster, Germany
| | - Matias Simons
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris, France .,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Reid ES, Papandreou A, Drury S, Boustred C, Yue WW, Wedatilake Y, Beesley C, Jacques TS, Anderson G, Abulhoul L, Broomfield A, Cleary M, Grunewald S, Varadkar SM, Lench N, Rahman S, Gissen P, Clayton PT, Mills PB. Advantages and pitfalls of an extended gene panel for investigating complex neurometabolic phenotypes. Brain 2017; 139:2844-2854. [PMID: 27604308 PMCID: PMC5091046 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurometabolic disorders are markedly heterogeneous, both clinically and genetically, and are characterized by variable neurological dysfunction accompanied by suggestive neuroimaging or biochemical abnormalities. Despite early specialist input, delays in diagnosis and appropriate treatment initiation are common. Next-generation sequencing approaches still have limitations but are already enabling earlier and more efficient diagnoses in these patients. We designed a gene panel targeting 614 genes causing inborn errors of metabolism and tested its diagnostic efficacy in a paediatric cohort of 30 undiagnosed patients presenting with variable neurometabolic phenotypes. Genetic defects that could, at least partially, explain observed phenotypes were identified in 53% of cases. Where biochemical abnormalities pointing towards a particular gene defect were present, our panel identified diagnoses in 89% of patients. Phenotypes attributable to defects in more than one gene were seen in 13% of cases. The ability of in silico tools, including structure-guided prediction programmes to characterize novel missense variants were also interrogated. Our study expands the genetic, clinical and biochemical phenotypes of well-characterized (POMGNT1, TPP1) and recently identified disorders (PGAP2, ACSF3, SERAC1, AFG3L2, DPYS). Overall, our panel was accurate and efficient, demonstrating good potential for applying similar approaches to clinically and biochemically diverse neurometabolic disease cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Reid
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Neurology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Drury
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Boustred
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yehani Wedatilake
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Clare Beesley
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lara Abulhoul
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Broomfield
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maureen Cleary
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophia M Varadkar
- Neurology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Lench
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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41
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Witters P, Cassiman D, Morava E. Nutritional Therapies in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111222. [PMID: 29112118 PMCID: PMC5707694 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of more than 130 inborn errors of metabolism affecting N-linked, O-linked protein and lipid-linked glycosylation. The phenotype in CDG patients includes frequent liver involvement, especially the disorders belonging to the N-linked protein glycosylation group. There are only a few treatable CDG. Mannose-Phosphate Isomerase (MPI)-CDG was the first treatable CDG by high dose mannose supplements. Recently, with the successful use of d-galactose in Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1)-CDG, other CDG types have been trialed on galactose and with an increasing number of potential nutritional therapies. Current mini review focuses on therapies in glycosylation disorders affecting liver function and dietary intervention in general in N-linked glycosylation disorders. We also emphasize now the importance of early screening for CDG in patients with mild hepatopathy but also in cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Witters
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eva Morava
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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42
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de Freitas C, dos Reis V, Silva S, Videira PA, Morava E, Jaeken J. Public and patient involvement in needs assessment and social innovation: a people-centred approach to care and research for congenital disorders of glycosylation. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:682. [PMID: 28950866 PMCID: PMC5615629 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public and patient involvement in the design of people-centred care and research is vital for communities whose needs are underserved, as are people with rare diseases. Innovations devised collectively by patients, caregivers, professionals and other members of the public can foster transformative change toward more responsive services and research. However, attempts to involve lay and professional stakeholders in devising community-framed strategies to address the unmet needs of rare diseases are lacking. In this study, we engaged with the community of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) to assess its needs and elicit social innovations to promote people-centred care and research. METHODS Drawing on a qualitative study, we conducted three think tanks in France with a total of 48 participants, including patients/family members (n = 18), health care professionals (n = 7), researchers (n = 7) and people combining several of these roles (n = 16). Participants came from 20 countries across five continents. They were selected from the registry of the Second World Conference on CDG through heterogeneity and simple random sampling. Inductive and deductive approaches were employed to conduct interpretational analysis using open, axial and selective coding, and the constant-comparison method to facilitate the emergence of categories and core themes. RESULTS The CDG community has unmet needs for information, quality health care, psychosocial support and representation in decision-making concerned with care and research. According to participants, these needs can be addressed through a range of social innovations, including peer-support communities, web-based information resources and a CDG expertise platform. CONCLUSION This is one of the few studies to engage lay and professional experts in needs assessment and innovation for CDG at a global level. Implementing the innovations proposed by the CDG community is likely to have ethical, legal and social implications associated with the potential donation of patients' clinical and biological material that need to be assessed and regulated with involvement from all stakeholders. To promote people-centred care for the CDG community, and increase its participation in the governance of care and research, it is necessary to create participatory spaces in which the views of people affected by CDG can be fully expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Freitas
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institutional address 1: Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology - University Institute of Lisbon, Porto, Portugal
- Institutional address 2: Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa dos Reis
- Founder of the Portuguese Association for CDG (APCDG), Porto, Portugal
- Institutional address: Rua Manuel da Fonseca 46, 2820-389, Almada, Portugal
| | - Susana Silva
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institutional address 1: Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Videira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institutional address: Glycoimmunology group Lab 3.19 - Departamento Ciências da Vida (Ed Departamental), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eva Morava
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
- Institutional address: Hayward Genetics Center SL#31, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Metabolic Disease, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Institutional Address: Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Bastaki F, Bizzari S, Hamici S, Nair P, Mohamed M, Saif F, Malik EM, Al-Ali MT, Hamzeh AR. Single-center experience of N-linked Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation with a Summary of Molecularly Characterized Cases in Arabs. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:35-47. [PMID: 28940310 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) represent an expanding group of conditions that result from defects in protein and lipid glycosylation. Different subgroups of CDG display considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity due to the highly complex nature of cellular glycosylation. This is further complicated by ethno-geographic differences in the mutational landscape of each of these subgroups. Ten Arab CDG patients from Latifa Hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, were assessed using biochemical (glycosylation status of transferrin) and molecular approaches (next-generation sequencing [NGS] and Sanger sequencing). In silico tools including CADD and PolyPhen-2 were used to predict the functional consequences of uncovered mutations. In our sample of patients, five novel mutations were uncovered in the genes: MPDU1, PMM2, MAN1B1, and RFT1. In total, 9 mutations were harbored by the 10 patients in 7 genes. These are missense and nonsense mutations with deleterious functional consequences. This article integrates a single-center experience within a list of reported CDG mutations in the Arab world, accompanied by full molecular and clinical details pertaining to the studied cases. It also sheds light on potential ethnic differences that were not noted before in regards to CDG in the Arab world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Bastaki
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Sana Hamici
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Madiha Mohamed
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Fatima Saif
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
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44
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Shrimal S, Cherepanova NA, Gilmore R. DC2 and KCP2 mediate the interaction between the oligosaccharyltransferase and the ER translocon. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3625-3638. [PMID: 28860277 PMCID: PMC5674889 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The STT3A isoform of the oligosaccharyltransferase is adjacent to the protein translocation channel to catalyze co-translational N-glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Shrimal et al. show that the DC2 and KCP2 subunits of the STT3A isoform of the oligosaccharyltransferase are responsible for mediating the interaction between the STT3A complex and the protein translocation channel to allow co-translational N-glycosylation of proteins. In metazoan organisms, the STT3A isoform of the oligosaccharyltransferase is localized adjacent to the protein translocation channel to catalyze co-translational N-linked glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The mechanism responsible for the interaction between the STT3A complex and the translocation channel has not been addressed. Using genetically modified human cells that are deficient in DC2 or KCP2 proteins, we show that loss of DC2 causes a defect in co-translational N-glycosylation of proteins that mimics an STT3A−/− phenotype. Biochemical analysis showed that DC2 and KCP2 are responsible for mediating the interaction between the protein translocation channel and the STT3A complex. Importantly, DC2- and KCP2-deficient STT3A complexes are stable and enzymatically active. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that a conserved motif in the C-terminal tail of DC2 is critical for assembly into the STT3A complex, whereas the lumenal loop and the N-terminal cytoplasmic segment are necessary for the functional interaction between the STT3A and Sec61 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteshu Shrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Natalia A Cherepanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Reid Gilmore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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45
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Ng BG, Asteggiano CG, Kircher M, Buckingham KJ, Raymond K, Nickerson DA, Shendure J, Bamshad MJ, Ensslen M, Freeze HH. Encephalopathy caused by novel mutations in the CMP-sialic acid transporter, SLC35A1. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2906-2911. [PMID: 28856833 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transport of activated nucleotide-sugars into the Golgi is critical for proper glycosylation and mutations in these transporters cause a group of rare genetic disorders termed congenital disorders of glycosylation. We performed exome sequencing on an individual with a profound neurological presentation and identified rare compound heterozygous mutations, p.Thr156Arg and p.Glu196Lys, in the CMP-sialic acid transporter, SLC35A1. Patient primary fibroblasts and serum showed a considerable decrease in the amount of N- and O-glycans terminating in sialic acid. Direct measurement of CMP-sialic acid transport into the Golgi showed a substantial decrease in overall rate of transport. Here we report the identification of the third patient with CMP-sialic acid transporter deficiency, who presented with severe neurological phenotype, but without hematological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby G Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Carla G Asteggiano
- CONICET - Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martin Kircher
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kati J Buckingham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Matthias Ensslen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Lindwurmstrasse 4, Munich, Germany
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
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46
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Gadomski TE, Bolton M, Alfadhel M, Dvorak C, Ogunsakin OA, Nelson SL, Morava E. ALG13-CDG in a male with seizures, normal cognitive development, and normal transferrin isoelectric focusing. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2772-2775. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese E. Gadomski
- Hayward Genetics Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
- Department of Pediatrics; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Melody Bolton
- Hayward Genetics Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Chris Dvorak
- Hayward Genetics Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Olalekan A. Ogunsakin
- Hayward Genetics Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Stephen L. Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Eva Morava
- Hayward Genetics Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
- Department of Pediatrics; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana
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47
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Alsubhi S, Alhashem A, Faqeih E, Alfadhel M, Alfaifi A, Altuwaijri W, Alsahli S, Aldhalaan H, Alkuraya FS, Hundallah K, Mahmoud A, Alasmari A, Mutairi FA, Abduraouf H, AlRasheed L, Alshahwan S, Tabarki B. Congenital disorders of glycosylation: The Saudi experience. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2614-2621. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsubhi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties; Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alfaifi
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Altuwaijri
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alsahli
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hundallah
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Mahmoud
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties; Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alasmari
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties; Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanem Abduraouf
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan AlRasheed
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alshahwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Brahim Tabarki
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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48
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A founder mutation underlies a severe form of phosphoglutamase 3 (PGM3) deficiency in Tunisian patients. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:57-63. [PMID: 28704707 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Mutations in PGM3 gene have been recently shown to underlie a new congenital disorder of glycosylation often associated to elevated IgE. Herein, we report twelve PGM3 deficient patients. They belong to three highly consanguineous families, originating from a rural district in the west central Tunisia. The patient's clinical phenotype is characterized by severe respiratory and cutaneous infections as well as developmental delay and severe mental retardation. Fourteen patients died in early infancy before diagnosis supporting the severity of the clinical phenotype. Laboratory findings revealed elevated IgE, CD4 lymphopenia and impaired T cell proliferation in most patients. Genetic analysis showed the presence, of a unique homozygous mutation (p.Glu340del) in PGM3 gene leading to reduced PGM3 abundance. Segregating analysis using fifteen polymorphic markers overlapping PGM3 gene showed that all patients inherited a common homozygous haplotype encompassing 10-Mb on chromosome 6. The founder mutational event was estimated to have occurred approximately 100 years ago. To date, (p.Glu340del) mutation represents the first founder mutation identified in PGM3 gene. These findings will facilitate the development of preventive approaches through genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in the affected families.
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49
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Abstract
Human genetic studies have been the driving force in bringing to light the underlying biology of psychiatric conditions. As these studies fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms at play, we will be better equipped to design therapies in rational and targeted ways, or repurpose existing therapies in previously unanticipated ways. This review is intended for those unfamiliar with psychiatric genetics as a field and provides a primer on different modes of genetic variation, the technologies currently used to probe them, and concepts that provide context for interpreting the gene-phenotype relationship. Like other subfields in human genetics, psychiatric genetics is moving from microarray technology to sequencing-based approaches as barriers of cost and expertise are removed, and the ramifications of this transition are discussed here. A summary is then given of recent genetic discoveries in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, with particular emphasis on neurodevelopmental conditions. The general impact of genetics on drug development has been to underscore the extensive etiological heterogeneity in seemingly cohesive diagnostic categories. Consequently, the path forward is not in therapies hoping to reach large swaths of patients sharing a clinically defined diagnosis, but rather in targeting patients belonging to specific "biotypes" defined through a combination of objective, quantifiable data, including genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa College of Engineering, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Genetics Cluster Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- The DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- University of Iowa Informatics Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are one group among the disorders of glycosylation. The latter comprise defects associated with hypoglycosylation but also defects with hyperglycosylation. Genetic diseases with hypoglycosylation can be divided in primary congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and in genetic diseases causing secondary hypoglycosylation. This review covers the human CDG highlights from the last 3 years (2014-2016) following a summary of the actual status of CDG. It expands on 23 novel CDG namely defects in SLC39A8, CAD, NANS, PGM3, SSR4, POGLUT1, NUS1, GANAB, PIGY, PIGW, PIGC, PIGG, PGAP1, PGAP3, VPS13B, CCDC115, TMEM199, ATP6AP1, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, TRAPPC11, XYLT1 and XYLT2. Besides, it discusses novel phenotypes of known CDG (DHDDS-CDG, ALG9-CDG, EXT2-CDG, PIGA-CDG, PIGN-CDG), the elucidation of putative glycosyltransferase disorders as O-mannosylglycan synthesis disorders (TMEM5-CDG, ISPD-CDG, FKTN-CDG, FKRP-CDG), a novel CDG mechanism, advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and finally an updated list of the 104 known CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Romain Péanne
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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