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Jia C, Li Y, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Guo Y, Liu W, Yang L. Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135219. [PMID: 39053068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the risk of breast cancer has been controversial. Here, we used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and a meta-analysis to examine the association between PFASs and breast cancer incidence. From the NHANES database, we obtained data on PFASs and breast cancer from 2003 to 2014. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO from the establishment of the databases to August 24, 2023, for research on PFASs related to breast cancer. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0. A total of 1430 subjects aged 20 years or older were selected from the NHANES. The logistic regression results indicated that there was no correlation between breast cancer and PFASs (P > 0.05). The meta-analysis, included nine studies with a total of 2399 breast cancer patients, included in the meta-analysis, revealed no statistically significant association between PFASs and the risk of breast cancer (odds ratio = 1.04; 95 % confidence interval, 0.88-1.21; P > 0.05). The results show that PFASs are not associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxuan Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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2
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Pesonen M, Vähäkangas K. Involvement of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in tumor development. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1241-1252. [PMID: 38478087 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic persistent chemicals, which are used in many industrial and commercial applications. Hundreds of different PFAS have been identified in the environment and they are commonly found also in human blood. Due to the chemical stability and extensive use, PFAS pose a risk for human health and wildlife. Mounting evidence indicates that PFAS-exposure adversely affects many organs including liver, kidney, and reproductive tissues and induces tumors in laboratory rodents. Epidemiological studies show association between PFAS-exposure and some tumors also in humans. Effects of PFAS-exposure are complex and obviously do not depend only on the concentration and the structure of PFAS, but also on age and sex of the exposed individuals. It has been difficult to show a causal link between PFAS-exposure and tumors. Moreover, molecular mechanisms of the PFAS effects in different tissues are poorly understood. PFAS are not directly mutagenic and they do not induce formation of DNA binding metabolites, and thus are assumed to act more through non-genotoxic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the involvement of PFAS-compounds in tumor development in tissues where PFAS exposure has been associated with cancer in epidemiological and animal studies (liver, kidney, testicle and breast). We will focus on molecular pathways and mechanisms related to tumor formation following PFAS-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Pesonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Schlederer F, Martín-Hernández E, Vaneeckhaute C. Micropollutants in biochar produced from sewage sludge: A systematic review on the impact of pyrolysis operating conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:618-629. [PMID: 38154418 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Biochar obtained from sewage sludge serves as a valuable soil amendment in agriculture, enhancing soil properties by increasing the nutrient content, cation exchange capacity, water retention, and oxygen transmission. However, its utilisation is hampered by the presence of micropollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Previous studies indicate that the type and amount of micropollutants can be significantly adjusted by selecting the right process parameters. This literature review provides an overview of how (1) pyrolysis temperature, (2) carrier gas flow and type, (3) heating rate, and (4) residence time affect the concentration of micropollutants in biochar produced from sewage sludge. The micropollutants targeted are those listed by the European Biochar Certificate (EBC) and by the International Biochar Institution (IBI), including PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and VOCs. In addition, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are also considered due to their presence in sewage sludge. The findings suggest that higher pyrolysis temperatures reduce micropollutant levels. Moreover, the injection of a carrier gas (N2 or CO2) during the pyrolysis and cooling processes effectively lowers PAHs and PCDD/Fs, by reducing the contact of biochar with oxygen, which is crucial in mitigating micropollutants. Nevertheless, limited available data impedes an assessment of the impact of these parameters on PFAS in biochar. In addition, further research is essential to understand the effects of carrier gas type, heating rate, and residence time in order to determine the optimal pyrolysis process parameters for generating clean biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felizitas Schlederer
- BioEngine Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau Water Research Center, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Edgar Martín-Hernández
- BioEngine Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau Water Research Center, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Céline Vaneeckhaute
- BioEngine Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau Water Research Center, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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4
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Trasande L, Sargis RM. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Mainstream recognition of health effects and implications for the practicing internist. J Intern Med 2024; 295:259-274. [PMID: 38037246 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly advancing evidence documents that a broad array of synthetic chemicals found ubiquitously in the environment contribute to disease and disability across the lifespan. Although the early literature focused on early life exposures, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are now understood to contribute substantially to chronic disease in adulthood, especially metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive consequences as well as endocrine cancers. The contribution to mortality is substantial, with over 90,000 deaths annually and at least $39 billion/year in lost economic productivity in the United States (US) due to exposure to certain phthalates that are used as plasticizers in food packaging. Importantly, exposures are disproportionately high in low-income and minoritized populations, driving disparities in these conditions. Though non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans comprise 12.6% and 13.5% of the US population, they bear 16.5% and 14.6% of the disease burden due to EDCs, respectively. Many of these exposures can be modified through safe and simple behavioral changes supported by proactive government action to both limit known hazardous exposures and to proactively screen new industrial chemicals prior to their use. Routine healthcare maintenance should include guidance to reduce EDC exposures, and a recent report by the Institute of Medicine suggests that testing be conducted, particularly in populations heavily exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances-chemicals used in nonstick coatings as well as oil- and water-resistant clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Bui B, Tang L, Xue J, Chen M, Chen W. The Latest Sensor Detection Methods for per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38234139 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2299233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as a prominent environmental pollutant in recent years, primarily due to their tendency to accumulate and magnify in both the environment and living organisms. The entry of PFASs into the environment can have detrimental effects on human health. Hence, it is crucial to actively monitor and detect the presence of PFASs. The current standard detection method of PFAS is the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry. However, this requires expensive instruments, extra sample pretreatment steps, complicated operation and long analysis time. As a result, new methods that do not rely on chromatography and mass spectrometry have been developed and applied. These alternative methods mainly include optical and electrochemical sensor methods, which offer great potential in terms of real-time field detection, instrument miniaturization, shorter analysis time, and reduced detection cost. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in PFAS detection sensors. We categorize and explain the principles and mechanisms of these sensors, and compare their limits of detection and sensitivity. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and improvements needed for PFAS sensors, such as field application, commercialization, and other related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Brian Bui
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Liming Tang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- School of CHIPS, Xi'an Jiaotong-Loverpool University, Suzhou, China
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Hu H, Zeng X, Zheng K, Zeng Z, Dai C, Huo X. Risk assessment and partitioning behavior of PFASs in environmental matrices from an e-waste recycling area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167707. [PMID: 37820795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contamination and their human exposure risks are a major concern. However, knowledge of PFAS contamination in environments near e-waste recycling sites and their health risk assessment are scarce. METHODS We measured the concentrations of PFASs in soil (n = 12), water (n = 12) and atmospheric samples (n = 26) by LCP-MS/MS, analyzed the source apportionment of PFASs by PCA, and investigated the child health risk assessment from an e-waste recycling area (Guiyu) and a reference area (Haojiang). RESULTS We found high concentrations of PFASs in the atmosphere and low concentrations of PFASs in soil. The average concentration of perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA) (9.43 ng/L) was highest among PFASs in water. The concentrations PFASs in the atmosphere and water were higher in the e-waste recycling area than in the reference area (p < 0.05). According to Multi-Linear regression model, we found that daily intake doses for PFASs in air of PFODA [β (95 % CI): -0.217 (-0.332, -0.048), p < 0.05] and PFBS [β (95 % CI): -0.064 (-0.106, -0.006), p < 0.05] were negatively associated with child BMI. PFBA [β (95 % CI: -1.039 (-2.454, -0.010), p < 0.05] was negatively correlated with child head circumference. CONCLUSION The concentrations of PFASs in the water and atmosphere are higher in the e-waste recycling site than in the reference area. We found that their intake affected growth and development in children. We need to reduce pollution from PFASs in the e-waste recycling area while maintaining a focus on their impact on child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Hu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Keyang Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenxu Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China.
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7
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Winquist A, Hodge JM, Diver WR, Rodriguez JL, Troeschel AN, Daniel J, Teras LR. Case-Cohort Study of the Association between PFAS and Selected Cancers among Participants in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II LifeLink Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127007. [PMID: 38088576 PMCID: PMC10718084 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies found associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and some cancer types. Many studies considered highly exposed populations, so relevance to less-exposed populations can be uncertain. Additionally, many studies considered only cancer site, not histology. OBJECTIVES We conducted a case-cohort study within the American Cancer Society's prospective Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) LifeLink cohort to examine associations between PFAS exposure and risk of selected cancers, considering histologic subtypes. METHODS Serum specimens were collected from cohort participants during the period 1998-2001. This study included a subcohort (500 men, 499 women) randomly selected from participants without prior cancer diagnoses at serum collection, and all participants with incident (after serum collection) first cancers of the breast (females only, n = 786 ), bladder (n = 401 ), kidney (n = 158 ), pancreas (n = 172 ), prostate (males only, n = 1,610 ) or hematologic system (n = 635 ). PFAS concentrations [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)] were measured in stored serum. We assessed associations between PFAS concentrations and incident cancers, by site and histologic subtype, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex and controlling for age and year at blood draw, education, race/ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol use. RESULTS Serum PFOA concentrations were positively associated with renal cell carcinoma of the kidney among women [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) per PFOA doubling: 1.54 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.26)] but not men. Among men, we observed a positive association between PFHxS concentrations and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma [CLL/SLL, HR and 95% CI per PFHxS doubling: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.75)]. We observed some heterogeneity of associations by histologic subtype within sites. DISCUSSION This study supports the previously observed association between PFOA and renal cell carcinoma among women and suggests an association between PFHxS and CLL/SLL among men. Consideration of histologic subtypes might be important in future studies of PFAS-cancer associations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Winquist
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James M. Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juan L. Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Troeschel
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Johnni Daniel
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Wee SY, Aris AZ. Environmental impacts, exposure pathways, and health effects of PFOA and PFOS. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115663. [PMID: 37976959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that have been widely utilized in various industries since the 1940s, and have now emerged as environmental contaminants. In recent years, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been restricted and replaced with several alternatives. The high persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of these substances have contributed to their emergence as environmental contaminants, and several aspects of their behavior remain largely unknown and require further investigation. The trace level of PFAS makes the development of a monitoring database challenging. Additionally, the potential health issues associated with PFAS are not yet fully understood due to ongoing research and inadequate evidence (experimental and epidemiological studies), especially with regard to the combined effects of exposure to PFAS mixtures and human health risks from drinking water consumption. This in-depth review offers unprecedented insights into the exposure pathways and toxicological impacts of PFAS, addressing critical knowledge gaps in their behaviors and health implications. It presents a comprehensive NABC-Needs, Approach, Benefits, and Challenges-analysis to guide future strategies for the sustainable monitoring and management of these pervasive environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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9
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Li H, Yang M, Yang J, Seery S, Ma C, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li A, Guo H. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the associated thyroid cancer risk: A case-control study in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139411. [PMID: 37419160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as thyroid carcinogens is unclear. Therefore, we intended to identify associations between each PFAS congener and their mixture with thyroid cancer risk. This case-control study of thyroid cancer was conducted in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China. Three hundred participants were recruited from January to May 2022 and were matched according to sex and age. Twelve PFAS were assessed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between PFAS congeners and thyroid cancer risk were considered under conditional logistic regression analysis and a restricted cubic spline model. Mixture effects were also assessed with quantile g-computation and a Bayesian kernel machine regression model. Compared to the first tertile, third tertile PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFDA, and PFUnDA concentrations were associated with lower thyroid cancer risk (ORPFOA: 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.69; ORPFNA: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.46; ORPFHxS: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15-0.92; ORPFDA: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.23; ORPFUnDA: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05-0.30) after adjusting for confounding factors. PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA had a negative dose-response relationship with thyroid cancer risk. Mixture analysis also showed that thyroid cancer risk is negatively associated with the overall mixture and carboxylates. In the overall mixture, PFOS and PFDA contributed most to positive and negative changes in thyroid cancer risk, respectively. However, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA were of equally high importance. This study is the first to confirm the effects of the PFAS mixture on thyroid cancer, and further large-scale prospective studies are still warranted to test these inverse associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Samuel Seery
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK; School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoying Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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10
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Cathey AL, Nguyen VK, Colacino JA, Woodruff TJ, Reynolds P, Aung MT. Exploratory profiles of phenols, parabens, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances among NHANES study participants in association with previous cancer diagnoses. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:687-698. [PMID: 37718377 PMCID: PMC10541322 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some hormonally active cancers have low survival rates, but a large proportion of their incidence remains unexplained. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may affect hormone pathways in the pathology of these cancers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cross-sectional associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phenols, and parabens and self-reported previous cancer diagnoses in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We extracted concentrations of 7 PFAS and 12 phenols/parabens and self-reported diagnoses of melanoma and cancers of the thyroid, breast, ovary, uterus, and prostate in men and women (≥20 years). Associations between previous cancer diagnoses and an interquartile range increase in exposure biomarkers were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for key covariates. We conceptualized race as social construct proxy of structural social factors and examined associations in non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, and other Hispanic participants separately compared to White participants. RESULTS Previous melanoma in women was associated with higher PFDE (OR:2.07, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.43), PFNA (OR:1.72, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.73), PFUA (OR:1.76, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.89), BP3 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.96), DCP25 (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.76), and DCP24 (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.26). Previous ovarian cancer was associated with higher DCP25 (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.27), BPA (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.35) and BP3 (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.09). Previous uterine cancer was associated with increased PFNA (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.34), while higher ethyl paraben was inversely associated (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.85). Various PFAS were associated with previous ovarian and uterine cancers in White women, while MPAH or BPF was associated with previous breast cancer among non-White women. IMPACT STATEMENT Biomarkers across all exposure categories (phenols, parabens, and per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances) were cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of previous melanoma diagnoses in women, and increased odds of previous ovarian cancer was associated with several phenols and parabens. Some associations differed by racial group, which is particularly impactful given the established racial disparities in distributions of exposure to these chemicals. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate exposure to phenols in relation to previous cancer diagnoses, and the first NHANES study to explore racial/ethnic disparities in associations between environmental phenol, paraben, and PFAS exposures and historical cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vy K Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Cong X, Liu Q, Li W, Wang L, Feng Y, Liu C, Guo LQ, Wang L, Shi C, Li P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of breast cancer risks in relation to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86540-86555. [PMID: 37420152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that may cause breast cancer. However, there lacks consistent research on the association between TCDD, PFAS exposure, and breast cancer. To this end, a meta-analysis was carried out in this review to explore the relationship between these two endocrine disruptors and breast cancer. Relevant literature was searched from 5 databases: Medline, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analysis models. A total of 17 publications were finally included for quantitative evaluation. Meta-analysis showed that TCDD (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.89-1.12, I2 = 39.3%, P = 0.144), PFOA (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.84-1.38, I2 = 85.9%, P < 0.001), PFOS (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.95-1.08, I2 = 65.7%, P < 0.001), PFNA (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.67-1.19, I2 = 74.4%, P < 0.001), and PFHxS (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.72-1.13, I2 = 74%, P < 0.001) were not significantly correlated with breast cancer. Internal exposure, however, showed a significant positive correlation between TCDD and BC (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.23-6.59, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.882). No statistically significant association between TCDD, PFAS exposure, and breast cancer was observed in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Research Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Shi
- Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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12
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Itoh H, Harada KH, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Yokoyama K, Zhu J, Harada Sassa M, Yoshida T, Tsugane S, Iwasaki M. Association between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and global DNA methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocytes of Japanese women: A cross-sectional study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:159923. [PMID: 36356761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global DNA methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocytes can be a biomarker for cancer risk; however, levels can be changed by various factors such as environmental pollutants. We investigated the association between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and global DNA methylation levels of leukocytes in a cross-sectional study using the control group of a Japanese breast cancer case-control study [397 women with a mean age of 54.1 (SD 10.1) years]. Importantly, our analysis distinguished branched PFAS isomers as different from linear isomers. The serum concentrations of 20 PFASs were measured by in-port arylation gas-chromatography negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Global DNA methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocytes were measured using a luminometric methylation assay. Associations between log10-transformed serum PFAS concentrations and global DNA methylation levels were evaluated by regression coefficients in multivariable robust linear regression analyses. Serum concentrations of 13 PFASs were significantly associated with increased global DNA methylation levels in leukocytes. Global DNA methylation was significantly increased by 1.45 %-3.96 % per log10-unit increase of serum PFAS concentration. Our results indicate that exposure to PFASs may increase global DNA methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocytes of Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kasuga
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, 183 Matsushiro, Matsushiro-cho, Nagano, Nagano 381-1231, Japan; Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shiro Yokoyama
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, 5-22-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano 380-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onuma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, 5-22-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano 380-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishimura
- Department of Chest Surgery and Breast Surgery, Nagano Municipal Hospital, 1333-1 Tomitake, Nagano, Nagano 381-8551, Japan
| | - Ritsu Kusama
- Department of Surgery, Hokushin General Hospital, 1-5-63 Nishi, Nakano, Nagano 383-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Public Health, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8402, Japan
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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13
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Pierozan P, Kosnik M, Karlsson O. High-content analysis shows synergistic effects of low perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOA) mixture concentrations on human breast epithelial cell carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107746. [PMID: 36731186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with cancer, but the potential underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated and include studies of PFAS mixtures. This mechanistic study revealed that very low concentrations (500 pM) of the binary PFOS and PFOA mixture induced synergistic effects on human epithelial breast cell (MCF-10A) proliferation. The cell proliferation was mediated by pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation, an increase in cyclin D1 and CDK6/4 levels, decrease in p21 and p53 levels, and by regulation of phosphor-Akt and β-catenin. The PFAS mixture also altered histone modifications, epigenetic mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis, and promoted cell migration and invasion by reducing the levels of occludin. High-content screening using the cell painting assay, revealed that hundreds of cell features were affected by the PFAS mixture even at the lowest concentration tested (100 pM). The detailed phenotype profiling further demonstrated that the PFAS mixture altered cell morphology, mostly in parameters related to intensity and texture associated with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleoli. Exposure to higher concentrations (≥50 µM) of the PFOS and PFOA mixture caused cell death through synergistic interactions that induced oxidative stress, DNA/RNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, illustrating the complexity of mixture toxicology. Increased knowledge about mixture-induced effects is important for better understanding of PFAS' possible role in cancer etiology, and may impact the risk assessment of these and other compounds. This study shows the potential of image-based multiplexed fluorescence assays and high-content screening for development of new approach methodologies in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Marissa Kosnik
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden.
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14
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Goines S, Dick JE. Investigating the cytotoxic redox mechanism of PFOS within Hep G2 by hyperspectral-assisted scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2022; 147:4356-4364. [PMID: 36043461 PMCID: PMC10308698 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most lethal per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Generally, exposure effects are studied through case-controlled studies, cohort studies, or cell assays. Unfortunately, most studies involving two-dimensional cell cultures require cell lysis or fixation. For in vitro studies, fluorescence microscopy has been useful, but methods to simultaneously discern phototoxic effects during an experiment are limited. Here, we use hepatocarcinoma (Hep G2) cells to examine the redox mechanism of PFOS cytotoxicity in vitro, while using hyperspectral-assisted scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to differentiate between PFOS and redox mediator induced stress. Specifically, we correlate an increase in the electrochemical response of ferrocenemethanol oxidation with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Corresponding hyperspectral images of redox indicative-fluorophores implicate superoxide in the cytotoxic redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondrica Goines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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15
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Dickman RA, Aga DS. A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129120. [PMID: 35643010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fate, effects, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), an anthropogenic class of chemicals used in industrial and commercial production, are topics of great interest in recent research and news cycles. This interest stems from the ubiquity of PFAS in the global environment as well as their significant toxicological effects in humans and wildlife. Research on toxicity, sequestration, removal, and degradation of PFAS has grown rapidly, leading to a flood of valuable knowledge that can get swamped out in the perpetual rise in the number of publications. Selected papers from the Journal of Hazardous Materials between January 2018 and May 2022 on the toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of PFAS are reviewed in this article and made available as open-access publications for one year, in order to facilitate the distribution of critical knowledge surrounding PFAS. This review discusses routes of toxicity as observed in mammalian and cellular models, and the observed human health effects in exposed communities. Studies that evaluate of toxicity through in-silico approaches are highlighted in this paper. Removal of PFAS through modified carbon sorbents, nanoparticles, and anion exchange materials are discussed while comparing treatment efficiencies for different classes of PFAS. Finally, various biotic and abiotic degradation techniques, and the pathways and mechanisms involved are reviewed to provide a better understanding on the removal efficiencies and cost effectiveness of existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dickman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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16
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Feng Y, Bai Y, Lu Y, Chen M, Fu M, Guan X, Cao Q, Yuan F, Jie J, Li M, Meng H, Wang C, Hong S, Zhou Y, Zhang X, He M, Guo H. Plasma perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and incidence risk of breast cancer: A case-cohort study in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119345. [PMID: 35472559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies have suggested perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as mammary toxicants, but few studies evaluated the prospective associations of PFASs with breast cancer risk. We performed a case-cohort study within the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, including incident breast cancer cases (n = 226) and a random sub-cohort (n = 990). Baseline plasma concentrations of four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)] and two perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)] were measured. Barlow-weighted Cox regression models revealed that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed PFOA and PFHpA was associated with a separate 35% and 20% elevated incident risk of breast cancer [HR(95%CI) = 1.35(1.03, 1.78) and 1.20(1.02, 1.40), respectively], which were also significant among postmenopausal females [HR(95%CI) = 1.34(1.01, 1.77) and 1.23 (1.02, 1.48), respectively]. Quantile g-computation analysis observed a 19% increased incident risk of breast cancer along with each simultaneous quartile increase in all ln-transformed PFCA concentrations [HR(95%CI) = 1.19(1.01, 1.41)], with PFOA accounting for 56% of the positive effect. Our findings firstly revealed the impact of short-chain PFHpA on increased incident risk of breast cancer, suggested exposure to PFASs as a risk factor for breast cancer, and shed light on breast cancer prevention by regulating PFASs as a chemical class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Jie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiru Hong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Girardi P, Lupo A, Mastromatteo LY, Scrimin S. Mothers living with contamination of perfluoroalkyl substances: an assessment of the perceived health risk and self-reported diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60491-60507. [PMID: 35426015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Widespread contamination of the superficial, drinking, and groundwater by perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was discovered in the Veneto Region (northeast of Italy) in 2013. Mothers from the contaminated area were concerned about the effects of PFAS on their own and their children's health. We determined the factors that influenced the perceived risk of PFAS and the presence of self-reported diseases by conducting a study with 384 mothers of children aged 1-13 years living in the contaminated area (Red Zone, Veneto, Italy). Information on demography, the sources of exposure, and the health condition of the mothers was collected through an online survey. The serum PFAS concentration was recorded for some of the participants. We determined the factors influencing the perceived risk, risk of health outcomes, and serum PFAS levels through regression analyses. The PFAS perceived risk of the mothers increased with an increase in the trust in scientific institutions and social media, and when many friends were present, trust in politics and full-time employment had a protective effect. The PFAS perceived risk increased the occurrences of self-reported and autoimmune diseases. Longer residence (> 20 years) in the most exposed area (Red Zone A) increased the frequency of some health outcomes. Serum PFAS concentrations decreased with breastfeeding, but increased with tap water consumption, residence in Red Zone A, and residence time. The PFAS perceived risk of the mothers was associated with many factors that influenced reporting of health issues. The association between PFAS exposure and health outcomes needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Girardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Alice Lupo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sara Scrimin
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Vendl C, Pottier P, Taylor MD, Bräunig J, Gibson MJ, Hesselson D, Neely GG, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. Thermal processing reduces PFAS concentrations in blue food - A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119081. [PMID: 35367104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and often ingested with food. PFAS exposure in people can have detrimental health consequences. Therefore, reducing PFAS burdens in food items is of great importance to public health. Here, we investigated whether cooking reduces PFAS concentrations in animal-derived food products by synthesizing experimental studies. Further, we examined the moderating effects of the following five variables: cooking time, liquid/animal tissue ratio, cooking temperature, carbon chain length of PFAS and the cooking category (oil-based, water-based & no-liquid cooking). In our systematic review searches, we obtained 512 effect sizes (relative differences in PFAS concentration between raw and cooked samples) from 10 relevant studies. These studies exclusively explored changes in PFAS concentrations in cooked seafood and freshwater fish. Our multilevel-meta-analysis has revealed that, on average, cooking reduced PFAS concentrations by 29%, although heterogeneity among effect sizes was very high (I2 = 94.65%). Our five moderators cumulatively explained 49% of the observed heterogeneity. Specifically, an increase in cooking time and liquid/animal tissue ratio, as well as shorter carbon chain length of PFAS (when cooked with oil) were associated with significant reductions in PFAS concentrations. The effects of different ways of cooking depended on the other moderators, while the effect of cooking temperature itself was not significant. Overall, cooking can reduce PFAS concentrations in blue food (seafood and freshwater fish). However, it is important to note that complete PFAS elimination requires unrealistically long cooking times and large liquid/animal tissue ratios. Currently, literature on the impact of cooking of terrestrial animal produce on PFAS concentrations is lacking, which limits the inference and generalisation of our meta-analysis. However, our work represents the first step towards developing guidelines to reduce PFAS in food via cooking exclusively with common kitchen items and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Vendl
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biology Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biology Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biology Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer Bräunig
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gibson
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, And School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biology Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biology Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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19
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Wielsøe M, Long M, Bossi R, Vorkamp K, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Persistent organic pollutant exposures among Greenlandic adults in relation to lifestyle and diet: New data from the ACCEPT cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154270. [PMID: 35245549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood of the Greenlandic population are well known. The exposure is mainly through traditional food intake, including marine mammals and seabirds. The present study aimed to follow up on POP concentrations (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs)) and relations to lifestyle and diet of the mothers included in the Greenlandic ACCEPT cohort (3-5 years after inclusion in 2013-15) and to include the children's fathers. This new data collection in 2019-20 included blood samples for measurement of POP concentrations and lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires from 101 mothers and 76 fathers aged 24-55 years living in Nuuk, Sisimiut, and Ilulissat, Greenland. The mothers' intra-individual median percentage decrease in POP concentrations from inclusion to this follow-up (3-5 years later) was 16-58%, except for mirex (0% change). Median concentrations of POPs were 1.4-4.6 times higher in fathers than in mothers. The POPs differed by residential town with generally higher concentrations in Ilulissat compared to Sisimiut and Nuuk. We report, for the first time, novel HFRs in human samples from Greenland. However, concentrations were low and only dechlorane plus (with its anti-isomer) was detected in >50% of the samples. Most POPs correlated positively with age and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. The lipophilic POPs correlated positively with the percentage of life lived in Greenland, whereas few POPs correlated positively with BMI, income (personal and household), education, and alcohol intake. The POPs generally associated positively with the intake of marine mammals, seabirds, and dried fish, while few POPs associated positively with Greenlandic fish intake. In contrast, POPs generally associated negatively with imported meat products intake. The study findings may be of interest for future dietary recommendations in Greenland. We discuss the potential explanations for the findings and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Manutooq 1, 3905 Nuussuaq, Greenland.
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20
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Boyd RI, Ahmad S, Singh R, Fazal Z, Prins GS, Madak Erdogan Z, Irudayaraj J, Spinella MJ. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122919. [PMID: 35740585 PMCID: PMC9220899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are industrial chemicals found in many household products that persist in the environment. While several excellent review articles exist on the potential harmful effects of PFAS, there are few focused on cancer. This concise and streamlined mini-review focuses on summarizing molecular mechanisms related to the potential cancer-promoting properties of PFAS. This review organizes and interprets the vast primary PFAS cancer biology literature and provides a coherent, unified, and digestible model of the molecular mechanisms that potentially explains PFAS cancer promotion. Abstract Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are chemicals that persist and bioaccumulate in the environment and are found in nearly all human populations through several routes of exposure. Human occupational and community exposure to PFAS has been associated with several cancers, including cancers of the kidney, testis, prostate, and liver. While evidence suggests that PFAS are not directly mutagenic, many diverse mechanisms of carcinogenicity have been proposed. In this mini-review, we organize these mechanisms into three major proposed pathways of PFAS action—metabolism, endocrine disruption, and epigenetic perturbation—and discuss how these distinct but interdependent pathways may explain many of the proposed pro-carcinogenic effects of the PFAS class of environmental contaminants. Notably, each of the pathways is predicted to be highly sensitive to the dose and window of exposure which may, in part, explain the variable epidemiologic and experimental evidence linking PFAS and cancer. We highlight testicular and prostate cancer as models to validate this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya I. Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.A.); (J.I.)
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.A.); (J.I.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Jiang H, Liu H, Liu G, Yu J, Liu N, Jin Y, Bi Y, Wang H. Associations between Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060318. [PMID: 35736926 PMCID: PMC9227283 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent pollutants that may cause breast cancer. However, associations between exposure to PFASs and the risk of breast cancer are controversial. We retrieved studies on the association between PFASs—perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)—and breast cancer risk in women from PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated from provided data. Moreover, subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to distinguish the potential sources of heterogeneity between studies. Lastly, eight original studies were included in the meta-analysis. PFOA and PFHxS were positively correlated with breast cancer risk, and the pooled ORs (and 95% CIs) were 1.32 (1.19 and 1.46) and 1.79 (1.51 and 2.11), respectively. PFNA was negatively correlated with breast cancer risk and the pooled OR (and 95% CIs) was 0.76 (0.6 and 0.96), and PFOS was shown to have no correlation with breast cancer risk and the pooled OR (and 95% CIs) was 1.01 (0.87 and 1.17). All results were merged in a random-effects model with significant heterogeneities (I2 > 90%, p < 0.001). The results demonstrated that PFASs might be potential risk factors for breast cancer, and the compounds in low exposure levels could have a more harmful impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +027-6875-8591
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22
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Santaliz Casiano A, Lee A, Teteh D, Madak Erdogan Z, Treviño L. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: Disparities in Exposure and Importance of Research Inclusivity. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6553110. [PMID: 35325096 PMCID: PMC9391683 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known contributors to breast cancer development. Exposures to EDCs commonly occur through food packaging, cookware, fabrics, and personal care products, as well as external environmental sources. Increasing evidence highlights disparities in EDC exposure across racial/ethnic groups, yet breast cancer research continues to lack the inclusion necessary to positively impact treatment response and overall survival in socially disadvantaged populations. Additionally, the inequity in environmental exposures has yet to be remedied. Exposure to EDCs due to structural racism poses an unequivocal risk to marginalized communities. In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological and molecular studies on 2 lesser-studied EDCs, the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the parabens, the health disparities that exist in EDC exposure between populations, and their association with breast carcinogenesis. We discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between EDC exposure and breast cancer development, particularly to promote efforts to mitigate exposures and improve breast cancer disparities in socially disadvantaged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie Santaliz Casiano
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Annah Lee
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dede Teteh
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: Zeynep Madak Erdogan, PhD, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Lindsey Treviño
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Correspondence: Lindsey S. Treviño, PhD, Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, Duarte - Main Campus, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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23
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Kumar E, Koponen J, Rantakokko P, Airaksinen R, Ruokojärvi P, Kiviranta H, Vuorinen PJ, Myllylä T, Keinänen M, Raitaniemi J, Mannio J, Junttila V, Nieminen J, Venäläinen ER, Jestoi M. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish species from the Baltic Sea and freshwaters in Finland. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132688. [PMID: 34718016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a sub-category of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), is widespread in the environment. Food, especially fish meat, is a major pathway via which humans are exposed to PFAAs. As fish is an integral part of Nordic diet, therefore, in this study, several fish species, caught in selected Baltic Sea basins and freshwater bodies of Finland, were analysed for PFAAs. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in all Baltic Sea fish samples and in >80% fish samples from freshwaters. PFOS contributed between 46 and 100% to the total PFAA concentration in Baltic Sea fish samples and between 19 and 28% in fish samples from freshwaters. Geographically, concentration ratios of PFOS to other PFAAs differed between fish from the Baltic Sea and Finnish lakes suggesting that distribution of PFAAs differ in these environments. Results were compared with current safety thresholds - environmental quality standard for biota (EQSbiota) set by the European Commission and a group tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for the sum of four PFASs (∑PFAS-4) i.e. perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOS, recommended by the European Food Authority (EFSA). EQSbiota compliance was observed for PFOS in all species except smelt caught in the Baltic Sea and also in the River Aurajoki, where smelt had migrated from the Baltic Sea for spawning. Moderate consumption of most Baltic fishes (200 g week-1) results in an exceedance of the new TWI (4.4 ng kg-1 body weight week-1) for ∑PFAS-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kumar
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jani Koponen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Airaksinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Ruokojärvi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka J Vuorinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Myllylä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja Keinänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Raitaniemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Mannio
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Junttila
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Nieminen
- Finnish Food Authority, Chemistry Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija-Riitta Venäläinen
- Finnish Food Authority, Chemistry Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Jestoi
- Finnish Food Authority, Chemistry Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Li H, Hammarstrand S, Midberg B, Xu Y, Li Y, Olsson DS, Fletcher T, Jakobsson K, Andersson EM. Cancer incidence in a Swedish cohort with high exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112217. [PMID: 34662573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of firefighting foams at a military airport resulted in high levels of perfluorinated substances (PFAS) in the drinking water distributed to one-third of households in the Swedish municipality of Ronneby between the mid-1980s and the end of 2013. METHOD The Ronneby Register Cohort, a large cohort comprising all individuals (N = 60,507) who ever lived in the Ronneby municipality during the period of drinking water contamination, was linked to the Swedish Cancer Register 1985-2016. Individual exposure was classified based on comprehensive data on yearly residential address and water distribution. External analysis explored standardized cancer incidence ratios (SIR) for residents never, or ever, residing in the contaminated water district, compared with those residing in other towns in the same county as reference population. Cox models provided hazard ratios (HR) for different exposure groups within the cohort. RESULTS 5,702 individuals with cancer were identified. SIR for overall cancer was 1.04 for men (95%CI 0.96-1.12) and 0.89 for women (95%CI 0.82-0.96) who ever lived in the contaminated drinking water area. Kidney cancer, which was reported with increased risk in C8 study, showed somewhat elevated HR in this study (HR 1.27; 95%CI 0.85-1.89). The HR was modestly elevated for bladder cancer (HR 1.32; 95%CI 1.01-1.72), and reduced for prostate cancer (HR 0.83; 95%CI 0.71-0.98). In subjects who ever lived in the contaminated water area during 2005-2013, when exposure was estimated to be highest, higher risks for kidney cancer (HR 1.84; 95%CI 1.00-3.37) but lower for prostate cancer (HR 0.76; 95%CI 0.59-0.98) were observed. CONCLUSION Analysis of this large cohort exposed to high levels of PFAS, dominated by PFHxS and PFOS, revealed no evidence for an overall increased risk of cancer. A moderately increased risk of kidney cancer was observed, in accordance with previous findings after PFAS exposure dominated by PFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Hammarstrand
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Midberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Box 188, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel S Olsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva M Andersson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Frenoy P, Perduca V, Cano-Sancho G, Antignac JP, Severi G, Mancini FR. Application of two statistical approaches (Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression and Principal Component Regression) to assess breast cancer risk in association to exposure to mixtures of brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances in the E3N cohort. Environ Health 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35216589 PMCID: PMC8881807 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brominated flame retardants (BFR) and per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) are two groups of substances suspected to act as endocrine disruptors. Such substances could therefore be implicated in the occurrence of breast cancer, nevertheless, previous studies have led to inconstant results. Due to the large correlation between these substances, and the possibly non-linear effects they exert, evaluating their joint impact as mixtures on health remains challenging. This exploratory study aimed to generate hypotheses on the relationship between circulating levels of 7 BFR (6 polybrominated diphenyl ethers and 1 polybrominated biphenyls) and 11 PFAS and the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study nested in the E3N French prospective cohort by performing two methods: Principal Component Regression (PCR) models, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models. METHODS 194 post-menopausal breast cancer cases and 194 controls were included in the present study. Circulating levels of BFR and PFAS were measured by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The first statistical approach was based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by logistic regression models that included the identified principal components as main exposure variables. The second approach used BKMR models with hierarchical variable selection, this latter being suitable for highly correlated exposures. Both approaches were also run separately for Estrogen Receptor positive (ER +) and Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer cases. RESULTS PCA identified four principal components accounting for 67% of the total variance. Component 3 showed a marginal association with ER + breast cancer risk. No clear association between BFR and PFAS mixtures and breast cancer was identified using BKMR models, and the credible intervals obtained were very wide. Finally, the BKMR models suggested a negative cumulative effect of BFR and PFAS on ER- breast cancer risk, and a positive cumulative effect on ER + breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Although globally no clear association was identified, both approaches suggested a differential effect of BFR and PFAS mixtures on ER + and ER- breast cancer risk. However, the results for ER- breast cancer should be interpreted carefully due to the small number of ER- cases included in the study. Further studies evaluating mixtures of substances on larger study populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Frenoy
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vittorio Perduca
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire MAP5 (UMR CNRS 8145), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Gianluca Severi
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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26
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Velarde MC, Chan AFO, Sajo MEJV, Zakharevich I, Melamed J, Uy GLB, Teves JMY, Corachea AJM, Valparaiso AP, Macalindong SS, Cabaluna ND, Dofitas RB, Giudice LC, Gerona RR. Elevated levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in breast cancer patients within the Greater Manila Area. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131545. [PMID: 34293563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported exposure of humans to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) worldwide. However, there is a lack of data regarding EDC exposures in humans living in Southeast Asian countries, such as the Philippines. Hence, this study measured levels of 41 EDCs in women residing in the Greater Manila Area, home to the second largest city in Southeast Asia. Urine samples from women with versus without breast cancer were analyzed for 11 phthalate metabolites, 8 environmental phenols, and 10 bisphenols, while serum samples were analyzed for 12 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Out of the four groups of EDCs analyzed, PFAS were significantly associated with breast cancer (adjusted OR = 13.63, 95% CI: 3.24-94.88 p-trend = 0.001 for PFDoA; adjusted OR = 9.26, 95% CI 2.54-45.10, p-trend = 0.002 for PFDA; and adjusted OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 0.95-7.66, p-trend = 0.004 for PFHxA). Long-chain PFAS levels were positively correlated with age and were significantly higher in women from Region IV-A, a heavily industrialized region, than from the National Capital Region. Overall, this study showed baseline information regarding the level of EDCs in Filipinas, providing a glimpse of EDC exposure in women living in a megalopolis city in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Alison Faye O Chan
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Ma Easter Joy V Sajo
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City, Philippines
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gemma Leonora B Uy
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joji Marie Y Teves
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Allen Joy M Corachea
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Apple P Valparaiso
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Shiela S Macalindong
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nelson D Cabaluna
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rodney B Dofitas
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Itoh H, Harada KH, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Yokoyama K, Zhu J, Harada Sassa M, Tsugane S, Iwasaki M. Serum perfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: A case-control study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149316. [PMID: 34392213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may contribute to causing breast cancer; however, associations between exposure to PFASs and risk of breast cancer are controversial. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we newly distinguished branched isomers of PFASs from their linear isomers and aimed to investigate the association between serum PFAS concentrations and breast cancer risk in Japanese women. METHODS We used a case-control design to study 405 eligible matched pairs attending four hospitals in Nagano Prefecture, Japan from May 2001 to September 2005. We used in-port arylation gas-chromatography mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization to measure serum concentrations of 20 PFAS congeners. We calculated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer and its hormone-receptor subtypes by quartiles or tertiles of serum PFASs. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment for breast cancer risk factors, we found that serum concentrations of 20 PFAS congeners were significantly inversely associated with risk of breast cancer. Comparing the extreme quartiles of linear isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate or perfluorooctanoic acid, ORs were 0.15 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.33 P for trend <0.0001) and 0.21 95% CI: 0.10, 0.44 P for trend <0.0001). Among postmenopausal women, whereas we found the linear isomer of perfluorotridecanoic acid to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk, a medium degree of exposure to the branched isomer of perfluorotridecanoic acid was associated with a marginally increased risk of breast cancer (OR [95% CI] = 1.74 [0.98, 3.09]). DISCUSSION In our case-control study, we found overall no association between serum PFAS concentrations and increased risk of breast cancer. Many inverse associations between serum PFAS concentrations and breast cancer risk were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kasuga
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shiro Yokoyama
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onuma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishimura
- Department of Chest Surgery and Breast Surgery, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ritsu Kusama
- Department of Surgery, Hokushin General Hospital, Nakano, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Wan MLY, Co VA, El-Nezami H. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and breast cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6549-6576. [PMID: 33819127 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1903382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are ubiquitous substances that are found in our everyday lives, including pesticides, plasticizers, pharmaceutical agents, personal care products, and also in food products and food packaging. Increasing epidemiological evidence suggest that EDCs may affect the development or progression of breast cancer and consequently lead to lifelong harmful health consequences, especially when exposure occurs during early life in humans. Yet so far no appraisal of the available evidence has been conducted on this topic. OBJECTIVE To systematically review all the available epidemiological studies about the association of the levels of environmental exposures of EDCs with breast cancer risk. METHODS The search was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We retrieved articles from PubMed (MEDLINE) until 10 March 2021. The key words used in this research were: "Endocrine disruptor(s)" OR "Endocrine disrupting chemical(s)" OR any of the EDCs mentioned below AND "Breast cancer" to locate all relevant articles published. We included only cohort studies and case-control studies. All relevant articles were accessed in full text and were evaluated and summarized in tables. RESULTS We identified 131 studies that met the search criteria and were included in this systematic review. EDCs reviewed herein included pesticides (e.g. p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), atrazine, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloridibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin)), synthetic chemicals (e.g. bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), parabens, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), contraceptive pills), phytoestrogens (e.g. genistein, resveratrol), and certain mycotoxins (e.g. zearalenone). Most studies assessed environmental EDCs exposure via biomarker measurements. CONCLUSION We identified certain EDC exposures could potentially elevate the risk of breast cancer. As majority of EDCs are highly persistent in the environment and bio-accumulative, it is essential to assess the long-term impacts of EDC exposures, especially multi-generational and transgenerational. Also, since food is often a major route of exposure to EDCs, well-designed exposure assessments of potential EDCs in food and food packing are necessary and their potential link to breast cancer development need to be carefully evaluated for subsequent EDC policy making and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy Lam Yim Wan
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Anna Co
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Du D, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang M, Han G, Cui H, Jeppesen E. Bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the marine food web of the South China Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124681. [PMID: 33307411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in food webs is of tremendous importance in contaminant hazards evaluation. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely distributed, and its emissions to coastal areas have posed a threat to the health of marine organisms and consumers. In this study, 15 species were sampled from Qinzhou Bay of the South China Sea. The concentrations of PFAAs in organisms were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the trophic positions of organisms were constructed based on nitrogen isotope analysis. PFAAs were found in all organisms. The contents of PFOS in all organisms were higher than of PFOA, and the proportions of short-chain PFAAs were higher in the low trophic positioned organisms, while long-chain PFAAs were higher in the high trophic positioned organisms. Moreover, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) increased with the increasing number of fluorocarbon atoms. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) and the biomagnification factors (BMFs), calculated from the constructed food webs, together suggested potential biomagnification effects of PFOS, while less clear results were found for PFOA. Our results further indicate that previously banned long-chain PFAAs had persistent residuals in this coastal marine ecosystem, and that emerging short-chain PFAAs had high concentrations in some species but showed no biomagnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
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Steenland K, Winquist A. PFAS and cancer, a scoping review of the epidemiologic evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110690. [PMID: 33385391 PMCID: PMC7946751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of studies addressing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and cancer is increasing. Many communities have had water contaminated by PFAS, and cancer is one of the important community concerns related to PFAS exposure. OBJECTIVES We critically reviewed the evidence relating to PFAS and cancer from an epidemiologic standpoint to highlight directions for future research that would be the most likely to meaningfully increase knowledge. METHODS We conducted a search in PubMed for studies of cancer and PFAS (through 9/20/2020). We identified epidemiologic studies that provided a quantitative estimate for some measure of the association between PFAS and cancer. Here, we review that literature, including several aspects of epidemiologic study design that impact the usefulness of study results. RESULTS We identified 16 cohort (or case-cohort) studies, 10 case-control studies (4 nested within cohorts and 6 non-nested), 1 cross sectional study and 1 ecologic study. The cancer sites with the most evidence of an association with PFAS are testicular and kidney cancer. There are also some suggestions in a few studies of an association with prostate cancer, but the data are inconsistent. DISCUSSION Each study's design has strengths and limitations. Weaknesses in study design and methods can, in some cases, lead to questionable associations, but in other cases can make it more difficult to detect true associations, if they are present. Overall, the evidence for an association between cancer and PFAS remains sparse. A variety of studies with different strengths and weaknesses can be helpful to clarify associations between PFAS and cancer. Long term follow-up of large-sized cohorts with large exposure contrasts are most likely to be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Steenland
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrea Winquist
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS S 106-6, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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Boyles AL, Beverly BE, Fenton SE, Jackson CL, Jukic AMZ, Sutherland VL, Baird DD, Collman GW, Dixon D, Ferguson KK, Hall JE, Martin EM, Schug TT, White AJ, Chandler KJ. Environmental Factors Involved in Maternal Morbidity and Mortality. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:245-252. [PMID: 33211615 PMCID: PMC7891208 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nongenetic, environmental factors contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality through chemical exposures via air, water, soil, food, and consumer products. Pregnancy represents a particularly sensitive window of susceptibility during which physiological changes to every major organ system increase sensitivity to chemicals that can impact a woman's long-term health. Nonchemical stressors, such as low socioeconomic status, may exacerbate the effects of chemical exposures on maternal health. Racial/ethnic minorities are exposed disproportionately to both chemicals and nonchemical stressors, which likely contribute to the observed health disparities for maternal morbidities and mortality. Epidemiological studies linking exposures to adverse maternal health outcomes underscore the importance of environmental health impacts, and mechanistic studies in model systems reveal how chemicals perturb biological pathways and processes. Environmental stressors are associated with a variety of immediate maternal health impacts, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fibroids, and infertility, as well as long-term maternal health impacts, such as higher risk of breast cancer and metabolic disorders. Identifying and reducing a pregnant woman's environmental exposures is not only beneficial to her offspring but also important to preserve her short- and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abee L. Boyles
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandiese E. Beverly
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z. Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vicki L. Sutherland
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gwen W. Collman
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janet E. Hall
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thaddeus T. Schug
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly J. Chandler
- Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Tsai MS, Chang SH, Kuo WH, Kuo CH, Li SY, Wang MY, Chang DY, Lu YS, Huang CS, Cheng AL, Lin CH, Chen PC. A case-control study of perfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of breast cancer in Taiwanese women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105850. [PMID: 32580117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer in women worldwide; however, the incidence of BC is increasing in younger women, possibly associated with the environment. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are one of endocrine disruptors that accumulate in environment and impact human health. This study aimed to investigate whether the PFAS and BC are associated. We enrolled 120 BCE patients and 119 controls at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) and also collected bio-specimen and questionnaire from 2013 to 2015. All subjects' plasma PFAS levels were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between PFAS and BC. In the ≤50 years age group, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.34 (95% CI = 1.02, 5.38) for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure per natural log unit increase. After stratifying the estrogen receptor (ER) status and age group, we obtained a positive association for PFHxS and PFOS concentrations with respect to the risk of ER positive tumors for ≤50 years age group. In conclusion, we found that PFAS were associated with the BC risk of ER positive tumors in young Taiwanese women. Further studies are needed to follow and explore whether these associations are causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Dwan-Ying Chang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology and Cancer Research Centre, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Office of Occupational Safety and Health, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Fernández-Martínez NF, Ching-López A, Olry de Labry Lima A, Salamanca-Fernández E, Pérez-Gómez B, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Sánchez MJ, Rodríguez-Barranco M. Relationship between exposure to mixtures of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals and cancer risk: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109787. [PMID: 32798941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risks are responsible for one in five of all deaths worldwide. Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances are chemicals that can subsist for decades in human tissues and the environment. They include heavy metals, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, organobromines, organofluorines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among others. Although humans are often exposed to multiple pollutants simultaneously, their negative effects on health have generally been studied for each one separately. Among the most severe of these harmful effects is cancer. Here, to compile and analyze the available evidence on the relationship between exposure to mixtures of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals and the risk of developing cancer in the general population, we provide a systematic review based on the main databases (Cochrane, PubMed and Embase), together with complementary sources, using the general methodology of the PRISMA Statement. The articles analyzed were selected by two researchers working independently and their quality was evaluated by reference to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The initial search yielded 2379 results from the main sources of information and 22 from the complementary ones. After the article selection process, 22 were included in the final review (21 case-control studies and one cohort study). Analysis of the selected studies revealed that most of the mixtures analyzed were positively associated with risk of cancer, especially that of the breast, colon-rectum or testis, and more strongly so than each contaminant alone. In view of the possible stronger association observed with the development of cancer for some mixtures of pollutants than when each one is present separately, exposure to mixtures should also be monitored and measured, preferably in cohort designs, to complement the traditional approach to persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals. The results presented should be taken into account in public health policies in order to strengthen the regulatory framework for cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Interniveles de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de La Salud, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Ching-López
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Olry de Labry Lima
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Salamanca-Fernández
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria José Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Mitro SD, Sagiv SK, Fleisch AF, Jaacks LM, Williams PL, Rifas-Shiman SL, Calafat AM, Hivert MF, Oken E, James-Todd TM. Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa431. [PMID: 32620010 PMCID: PMC7418448 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental chemicals linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE We examined the extent to which PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy were associated with postpartum anthropometry and biomarkers. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MEASURES We studied women recruited between 1999 and 2002 in the Project Viva prospective cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid (EtFOSAA). Three-year postpartum anthropometry measurements were available from 786 to 801 women, blood pressure from 761 women, and blood biomarkers from 450 to 454 women. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the association of log2-transformed PFAS with postpartum anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein), adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, and breastfeeding history. RESULTS Pregnancy concentrations of certain PFAS were associated with greater adiposity (eg, 0.4 cm [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -0.1, 0.9] greater waist circumference per doubling in EtFOSAA; 0.2 cm [95%CI: -0.1, 0.5] greater mid-upper arm circumference per doubling in PFOA; 1.2 mm [95%CI: 0.1, 2.2] thicker sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds per doubling in PFOS) and higher systolic blood pressure (eg, 1.2 mm Hg [95%CI: 0.3, 2.2] per doubling in PFOS) at 3 years postpartum. Higher EtFOSAA concentrations were also associated with 10.8% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 3.3, 18.9) and 6.1% lower SHBG (95%CI: 0.7, 11.2) per doubling. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy concentrations of EtFOSAA, PFOS, and PFOA were associated with adverse postpartum cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna D Mitro
- Population Health Sciences Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center; and Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, US
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Tamarra M James-Todd
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
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Schulz K, Silva MR, Klaper R. Distribution and effects of branched versus linear isomers of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS: A review of recent literature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139186. [PMID: 32474294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have come to attention recently due to their widespread presence in the environment, recalcitrance, and potential negative health associations. Because of the long-term production of PFAS using ECF, which created branched isomers as byproducts in addition to the intended linear product, branched isomers of PFAS account for a significant portion of PFAS load in the environment. The distribution of isomers is not consistent in the environment, however. Geographic location appears to be a major factor in determining the isomer makeup of PFAS in surface and groundwater as well as in humans and animals. This is largely to differences in production methods; a region that produced PFAS via ECF for many years would have a higher ratio of branched isomers than one that produces PFAS using telomerization. In addition, the different structures of branched PFAS isomers as compared to linear PFAS appear to affect transport in the environment. Research suggests that linear PFAS sorb preferentially to soil and sediments, whereas branched isomers are more likely to remain in water. The higher polarity of the branched structure explains this difference. Studies in humans and animals show that most animals preferentially accumulate the linear PFOS isomer, but humans appear to preferentially accumulate the branched isomers as they are often found in human serum at percentages higher than that of ECF product. In addition, some studies have indicated that linear and branched PFAS isomers have some unique negative health associations. Very few studies, however, account for linear and branched PFAS separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Schulz
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA; Water Technology Accelerator (WaTA), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 247 W. Freshwater Way, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Marcia R Silva
- Water Technology Accelerator (WaTA), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 247 W. Freshwater Way, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Rebecca Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
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Zeinomar N, Oskar S, Kehm RD, Sahebzeda S, Terry MB. Environmental exposures and breast cancer risk in the context of underlying susceptibility: A systematic review of the epidemiological literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109346. [PMID: 32445942 PMCID: PMC7314105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence evaluating environmental chemical exposures (ECE) and breast cancer (BC) risk is heterogeneous which may stem in part as few studies measure ECE during key BC windows of susceptibility (WOS). Another possibility may be that most BC studies are skewed towards individuals at average risk, which may limit the ability to detect signals from ECE. OBJECTIVES We reviewed the literature on ECE and BC focusing on three types of studies or subgroup analyses based on higher absolute BC risk: BC family history (Type 1); early onset BC (Type 2); and/or genetic susceptibility (Type 3). METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed database to identify epidemiologic studies examining ECE and BC risk published through June 1, 2019. RESULTS We identified 100 publications in 56 unique epidemiologic studies. Of these 56 studies, only 2 (3.6%) were enriched with BC family history and only 11% of studies (6/56) were specifically enriched with early onset cases. 80% of the publications from these 8 enriched studies (Type 1: 8/10 publications; Type 2: 8/10 publications) supported a statistically significant association between ECE and BC risk including studies of PAH, indoor cooking, NO2, DDT; PCBs, PFOSA; metals; personal care products; and occupational exposure to industrial dyes. 74% of Type 3 publications (20/27) supported statistically significant associations for PAHs, traffic-related air pollution, PCBs, phthalates, and PFOSAs in subgroups of women with greater genetic susceptibility due to variants in carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and tumor suppressor genes. DISCUSSION Studies enriched for women at higher BC risk through family history, younger age of onset and/or genetic susceptibility consistently support an association between an ECE and BC risk. In addition to measuring exposures during WOS, designing studies that are enriched with women at higher absolute risk are necessary to robustly measure the role of ECE on BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zeinomar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Oskar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Kehm
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shamin Sahebzeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Kahn LG, Philippat C, Nakayama SF, Slama R, Trasande L. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for human health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:703-718. [PMID: 32707118 PMCID: PMC7437820 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since reports published in 2015 and 2016 identified 15 probable exposure-outcome associations, there has been an increase in studies in humans of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and a deepened understanding of their effects on human health. In this Series paper, we have reviewed subsequent additions to the literature and identified new exposure-outcome associations with substantial human evidence. Evidence is particularly strong for relations between perfluoroalkyl substances and child and adult obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes, reduced birthweight, reduced semen quality, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and breast cancer. Evidence also exists for relations between bisphenols and adult diabetes, reduced semen quality, and polycystic ovarian syndrome; phthalates and prematurity, reduced anogenital distance in boys, childhood obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance; organophosphate pesticides and reduced semen quality; and occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer. Greater evidence has accumulated than was previously identified for cognitive deficits and attention-deficit disorder in children following prenatal exposure to bisphenol A, organophosphate pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants. Although systematic evaluation is needed of the probability and strength of these exposure-outcome relations, the growing evidence supports urgent action to reduce exposure to EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Temkin AM, Hocevar BA, Andrews DQ, Naidenko OV, Kamendulis LM. Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1668. [PMID: 32143379 PMCID: PMC7084585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is extensive, and PFAS contamination has been reported in drinking water and food supplies as well as in the serum of nearly all people. The most well-studied member of the PFAS class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), induces tumors in animal bioassays and has been associated with elevated risk of cancer in human populations. GenX, one of the PFOA replacement chemicals, induces tumors in animal bioassays as well. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens framework for cancer hazard identification, we considered the existing epidemiological, toxicological and mechanistic data for 26 different PFAS. We found strong evidence that multiple PFAS induce oxidative stress, are immunosuppressive, and modulate receptor-mediated effects. We also found suggestive evidence indicating that some PFAS can induce epigenetic alterations and influence cell proliferation. Experimental data indicate that PFAS are not genotoxic and generally do not undergo metabolic activation. Data are currently insufficient to assess whether any PFAS promote chronic inflammation, cellular immortalization or alter DNA repair. While more research is needed to address data gaps, evidence exists that several PFAS exhibit one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Temkin
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Barbara A. Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (B.A.H.); (L.M.K.)
| | - David Q. Andrews
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Olga V. Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Lisa M. Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (B.A.H.); (L.M.K.)
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Varshavsky J, Smith A, Wang A, Hom E, Izano M, Huang H, Padula A, Woodruff TJ. Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:14-56. [PMID: 31055053 PMCID: PMC6824944 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique period when biological changes can increase sensitivity to chemical exposures. Pregnant women are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals via air, food, water, and consumer products, including flame retardants, plasticizers, and pesticides. Lead exposure increases risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, although women's health risks are poorly characterized for most chemicals. Research on prenatal exposures has focused on fetal outcomes and less on maternal outcomes. We reviewed epidemiologic literature on chemical exposures during pregnancy and three maternal outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and breast cancer. We found that pregnancy can heighten susceptibility to environmental chemicals and women's health risks, although variations in study design and exposure assessment limited study comparability. Future research should include pregnancy as a critical period for women's health. Incorporating biomarkers of exposure and effect, deliberate timing and method of measurement, and consistent adjustment of potential confounders would strengthen research on the exposome and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varshavsky
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Smith
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aolin Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hom
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika Izano
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongtai Huang
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Padula
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Serum Levels of Commonly Detected Persistent Organic Pollutants and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020606. [PMID: 31963577 PMCID: PMC7013395 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There are little epidemiological data on the impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and endocrine disruptors on mammographic density (MD), a strong predictor of breast cancer. We assessed MD in 116 non-Hispanic white post-menopausal women for whom serum concentrations of 23 commonly detected chemicals including 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 8 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had been measured. Linear regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders were used to examine the associations between the levels of the chemical compounds, modeled as continuous and dichotomized (above/below median) variables, and square-root-transformed MD. None of the associations were statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. Prior to correction for multiple testing, all chemicals with un-corrected p-values < 0.05 had regression coefficients less than zero, suggesting inverse associations between increased levels and MD, if any. The smallest p-value was observed for PCB-153 (regression coefficient for above-median vs. below-median levels: −0.87, un-corrected p = 0.008). Neither parity nor body mass index modified the associations. Our results do not support an association between higher MD and serum levels of PBDEs, PCBs, or PFASs commonly detected in postmenopausal women.
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Hu X, Li S, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Tran V, Jones DP, Cohn BA. Reprint of "Metabolome Wide Association Study of Serum Poly and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Pregnancy and Early Postpartum". Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:120-128. [PMID: 31923462 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling of metabolic fingerprints can improve understanding of how poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) induce metabolic alterations of in utero environment and impact fetal health. HRM profiling and quantification of PFASs were performed for 397 maternal perinatal serum samples collected from 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS). We used Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for metabolic associations with PFOS, its precursor EtFOSAA, and EtFOSAA-to-PFOS ratio. Distinct metabolic profiles were found with EtFOSAA and PFOS. Urea cycle metabolites such as arginine, lysine and creatine had opposite associations with EtFOSAA (negative) and PFOS (positive); whereas, carnitine shuttle metabolites were found to be exclusively and positively associated with PFOS indicating perturbation in fatty acid metabolism. These differential metabolic associations for precursor and end-product represent an important first step in identifying how PFASs alter the in utero environment and potentially leads to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
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Bocato MZ, Bianchi Ximenez JP, Hoffmann C, Barbosa F. An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 22:131-156. [PMID: 31543064 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1661588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human Biomonitoring (HB), the process for determining whether and to what extent chemical substances penetrated our bodies, serves as a useful tool to quantify human exposure to pollutants. In cases of nutrition and physiologic status, HB plays a critical role in the identification of excess or deficiency of essential nutrients. In pollutant HB studies, levels of substances measured in body fluids (blood, urine, and breast milk) or tissues (hair, nails or teeth) aid in the identification of potential health risks or associated adverse effects. However, even as a widespread practice in several countries, most HB studies reflect exposure to a single compound or mixtures which are measured at a single time point in lifecycle. On the other hand, throughout an individual's lifespan, the contact with different physical, chemical, and social stressors occurs at varying intensities, differing times and durations. Further, the interaction between stressors and body receptors leads to dynamic responses of the entire biological system including proteome, metabolome, transcriptome, and adductome. Bearing this in mind, a relatively new vision in exposure science, defined as the exposome, is postulated to expand the traditional practice of measuring a single exposure to one or few chemicals at one-time point to an approach that addresses measures of exposure to multiple stressors throughout the lifespan. With the exposome concept, the science of exposure advances to an Environment-Wide Association Perspective, which might exhibit a stronger relationship with good health or disease conditions for an individual (phenotype). Thus, this critical review focused on the current progress of HB and exposome investigations, anticipating some challenges, strategies, and future needs to be taken into account for designing future surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zuccherato Bocato
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Ali JM, Roberts SM, Gordon DS, Stuchal LD. Derivation of a chronic reference dose for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) for reproductive toxicity in mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104452. [PMID: 31487490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a six-carbon perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid that was used as an industrial surfactant, but is now found as an environmental contaminant worldwide. In addition to its use as an industrial surfactant, it is a legacy contaminant from the use of aqueous film-forming foams. Despite its widespread occurrence in the environment and evidence of biological activity associated with PFHxS and similar perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids in rodents, there is no oral toxicity value currently available from the IRIS Database. To derive an oral reference dose (RfD) for PFHxS, available toxicity studies were reviewed using a weight-of-evidence approach. A 42-day mouse reproductive study was chosen as the critical study for the derivation of the oral RfD. Benchmark dose modeling was utilized to derive a point of departure (POD) for a reduction in litter size. A 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose (BMDL) of 13,900 ng/mL (serum PFHxS) was modeled for a reduction in litter size. An oral RfD for PFHxS of 4.0 ng/kg/d was calculated by conversion of the BMDL to a human equivalent oral dose using a human half-life adjusted dosimetric conversion factor and the application of a total uncertainty factor of 300. Additional research is needed to better characterize the toxicity associated with oral exposure to PFHxS and refine the development of toxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ali
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA.
| | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David S Gordon
- Permitting and Environmental Health Bureau, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 03302, USA
| | - Leah D Stuchal
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Terry MB, Michels KB, Brody JG, Byrne C, Chen S, Jerry DJ, Malecki KMC, Martin MB, Miller RL, Neuhausen SL, Silk K, Trentham-Dietz A. Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:96. [PMID: 31429809 PMCID: PMC6701090 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long time from exposure to potentially harmful chemicals until breast cancer occurrence poses challenges for designing etiologic studies and for implementing successful prevention programs. Growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that distinct time periods of heightened susceptibility to endocrine disruptors exist throughout the life course. The influence of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk may be greater during several windows of susceptibility (WOS) in a woman’s life, including prenatal development, puberty, pregnancy, and the menopausal transition. These time windows are considered as specific periods of susceptibility for breast cancer because significant structural and functional changes occur in the mammary gland, as well as alterations in the mammary micro-environment and hormone signaling that may influence risk. Breast cancer research focused on these breast cancer WOS will accelerate understanding of disease etiology and prevention. Main text Despite the plausible heightened mechanistic influences of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk during time periods of change in the mammary gland’s structure and function, most human studies of environmental chemicals are not focused on specific WOS. This article reviews studies conducted over the past few decades that have specifically addressed the effect of environmental chemicals and metals on breast cancer risk during at least one of these WOS. In addition to summarizing the broader evidence-base specific to WOS, we include discussion of the NIH-funded Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP) which included population-based and basic science research focused on specific WOS to evaluate associations between breast cancer risk and particular classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals—including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and phenols—and metals. We outline ways in which ongoing transdisciplinary BCERP projects incorporate animal research and human epidemiologic studies in close partnership with community organizations and communication scientists to identify research priorities and effectively translate evidence-based findings to the public and policy makers. Conclusions An integrative model of breast cancer research is needed to determine the impact and mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors at different WOS. By focusing on environmental chemical exposure during specific WOS, scientists and their community partners may identify when prevention efforts are likely to be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1611, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CHS 71-254, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Celia Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road A-1039F, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute and Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kristen M C Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences and the Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 605, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, E411 New Research Building, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Environmental Health Sciences; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, PH8E-101B, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kami Silk
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 250 Pearson Hall, 125 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
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Persistent Organic Pollutants and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081063. [PMID: 31357644 PMCID: PMC6721417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) bioaccumulate in the food chain and have been detected in human blood and adipose tissue. Experimental studies demonstrated that POPs can cause and promote growth of breast cancer. However, inconsistent results from epidemiological studies do not support a causal relationship between POPs and breast cancer in women. To identify individual POPs that are repeatedly found to be associated with both breast cancer incidence and progression, and to demystify the observed inconsistencies between epidemiological studies, we conducted a systematic review of 95 studies retrieved from three main electronic databases. While no clear pattern of associations between blood POPs and breast cancer incidence could be drawn, POPs measured in breast adipose tissue were more clearly associated with higher breast cancer incidence. POPs were more consistently associated with worse breast cancer prognosis whether measured in blood or breast adipose tissue. In contrast, POPs measured in adipose tissue other than breast were inversely associated with both breast cancer incidence and prognosis. Differences in biological tissues used for POPs measurement and methodological biases explain the discrepancies between studies results. Some individual compounds associated with both breast cancer incidence and progression, deserve further investigation.
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Cohn BA, La Merrill MA, Krigbaum NY, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Yeh G, Hovey RC, Zimmermann L, Cirillo PM. In utero exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and subsequent breast cancer. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:112-119. [PMID: 31323350 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that maternal perinatal serum levels of poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) predict risk for breast cancer in daughters in a 54-year follow-up of 9300 daughters born 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies pregnancy cohort. Total cholesterol and PFASs were measured in archived maternal perinatal serum for 102 daughter breast cancer cases diagnosed by age 52, and 310 controls matched on birth year and blood draw trimester. High maternal N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), in combination with high maternal total cholesterol predicted a 3.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (pinteraction<0.05). Conversely, maternal PFOS was associated with decreased daughters' breast cancer risk. Predictions were robust to alternative modeling and independent of other maternal factors. Future generations continue to be exposed to ubiquitous, persistent PFASs. These findings are relevant to breast cancer prevention if confirmed experimentally and where possible, in additional epidemiology studies of internal doses of PFASs and other chemical mixtures especially during vulnerable windows in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gregory Yeh
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Zimmermann
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Hu X, Li S, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Tran V, Jones DP, Cohn BA. Metabolome Wide Association Study of Serum Poly and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Pregnancy and Early Postpartum. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:70-78. [PMID: 31121237 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling of metabolic fingerprints can improve understanding of how poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) induce metabolic alterations of in utero environment and impact fetal health. HRM profiling and quantification of PFASs were performed for 397 maternal perinatal serum samples collected from 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS). We used Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for metabolic associations with PFOS, its precursor EtFOSAA, and EtFOSAA-to-PFOS ratio. Distinct metabolic profiles were found with EtFOSAA and PFOS. Urea cycle metabolites such as arginine, lysine and creatine had opposite associations with EtFOSAA (negative) and PFOS (positive); whereas, carnitine shuttle metabolites were found to be exclusively and positively associated with PFOS indicating perturbation in fatty acid metabolism. These differential metabolic associations for precursor and end-product represent an important first step in identifying how PFASs alter the in utero environment and potentially leads to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- The Center for Research on Women and Children's Health, Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, 1683 Shattuck Avenue, Suite B, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
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Mancini FR, Cano-Sancho G, Gambaretti J, Marchand P, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Arveux P, Antignac JP, Kvaskoff M. Perfluorinated alkylated substances serum concentration and breast cancer risk: Evidence from a nested case-control study in the French E3N cohort. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:917-928. [PMID: 31008526 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are proposed to increase breast cancer (BC) incidence. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), two perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs), are suspected to be ubiquitously present in the blood of human population worldwide. We investigated the associations between serum concentrations of these substances and BC risk. Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale is a cohort of 98,995 French women born in 1925-1950 and followed up since 1990. We sampled 194 BC cases and 194 controls from women with available blood samples. Serum concentrations of PFASs were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Adjusted conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical tests were two sided. While PFASs concentrations were not associated with BC risk overall, we found positively linear associations between PFOS concentrations and the risk of ER+ (3rd quartile: OR = 2.22 [CI = 1.05-4.69]; 4th quartile: OR = 2.33 [CI = 1.11-4.90]); Ptrend = 0.04) and PR+ tumors (3rd quartile: OR = 2.47 [CI = 1.07-5.65]; 4th quartile: OR = 2.76 [CI = 1.21-6.30]; Ptrend = 0.02). When considering receptor-negative tumors, only the 2nd quartile of PFOS was associated with risk (ER-: OR = 15.40 [CI = 1.84-129.19]; PR-: OR = 3.47 [CI = 1.29-9.15]). While there was no association between PFOA and receptor-positive BC risk, the 2nd quartile of PFOA was positively associated with the risk of receptor-negative tumors (ER-: OR = 7.73 [CI = 1.46-41.08]; PR-: OR = 3.44 [CI = 1.30-9.10]). PFAS circulating levels were differentially associated with BC risk. While PFOS concentration was linearly associated with receptor-positive tumors, only low concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were associated with receptor-negative tumors. Our findings highlight the importance of considering exposure to PFASs as a potential risk factor for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Juliette Gambaretti
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Arveux
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Breast and Gynaecologic Cancer Registry of Côte d'Or, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Centre, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | - Marina Kvaskoff
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Huang Y, Lu M, Li H, Bai M, Huang X. Sensitive determination of perfluoroalkane sulfonamides in water and urine samples by multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 192:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bach CC, Long M, Wielsøe M, Bech BH, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Associations of Fetal Growth Outcomes with Measures of the Combined Xenoestrogenic Activity of Maternal Serum Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Danish Pregnant Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:17006. [PMID: 30676078 PMCID: PMC6381822 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher concentrations of single perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) have been associated with lower birth weight (BW), but few studies have examined the combined effects of PFAA mixtures. PFAAs have been reported to induce estrogen receptor (ER) transactivity, and estrogens may influence human fetal growth. We hypothesize that mixtures of PFAAs may affect human fetal growth by disrupting the ER. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the associations between the combined xenoestrogenic activity of PFAAs in pregnant women's serum and offspring BW, length, and head circumference. METHODS We extracted the actual mixture of PFAAs from the serum of 702 Danish pregnant women (gestational wk 11–13) enrolled in the Aarhus Birth Cohort (ABC) using solid phase extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and weak anion exchange. PFAA-induced xenoestrogenic receptor transactivation (XER) was determined using the stable transfected MVLN cell line. Associations between XER and measures of fetal growth were estimated using multivariable linear regression with primary adjustment for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), educational level, smoking, and alcohol intake, and sensitivity analyses with additional adjustment for gestational age (GA) (linear and quadratic). RESULTS On average, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in XER was associated with a [Formula: see text] [95% confidence interval (CI): [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]] decrease in BW and a [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.1, 0.5) decrease in birth length. Upon additional adjustment for GA, the estimated mean differences were [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 4) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 0.0), respectively. CONCLUSION Higher-serum PFAA-induced xenoestrogenic activities were associated with lower BW and length in offspring, suggesting that PFAA mixtures may affect fetal growth by disrupting ER function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Carlsen Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil Hammer Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
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