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Schmälter AK, Löhr P, Konrad M, Waidhauser J, Arndt TT, Schiele S, Thoma A, Hackanson B, Rank A. Alterations in Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets under Immunochemotherapy in Stage IV SCLC Patients: Th17 Cells as Potential Early Predictive Biomarker for Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5056. [PMID: 38791096 PMCID: PMC11121216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
UICC stage IV small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy without curative treatment options. Several randomized trials have demonstrated improved survival rates through the addition of checkpoint inhibitors to first-line platin-based chemotherapy. Consequently, a combination of chemo- and immunotherapy has become standard palliative treatment. However, no reliable predictive biomarkers for treatment response exist. Neither PD-L1 expression nor tumor mutational burden have proven to be effective predictive biomarkers. In this study, we compared the cellular immune statuses of SCLC patients to a healthy control cohort and investigated changes in peripheral blood B, T, and NK lymphocytes, as well as several of their respective subsets, during treatment with immunochemotherapy (ICT) using flow cytometry. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in B cells, while T cells showed a trend to increase throughout ICT. Notably, high levels of exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ cells, alongside NK subsets, increased significantly during treatment. Furthermore, we correlated decreases/increases in subsets after two cycles of ICT with survival. Specifically, a decrease in Th17 cells indicated a better overall survival. Based on these findings, we suggest conducting further investigation into Th17 cells as a potential early predictive biomarkers for response in patients receiving palliative ICT for stage IV SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Schmälter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Löhr
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maik Konrad
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Johanna Waidhauser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Tim Tobias Arndt
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (T.T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefan Schiele
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; (T.T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Alicia Thoma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Björn Hackanson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rank
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (P.L.); (M.K.); (J.W.); (A.T.); (B.H.); (A.R.)
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Zheng Y, Lebid A, Chung L, Fu J, Wang X, Otrocol A, Zarif JC, Yu H, Llosa NJ, Pardoll DM. Targeting the activin receptor 1C on CD4+ T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2297503. [PMID: 38235319 PMCID: PMC10793694 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2297503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, have been isolated and identified in the endocrine system, but have not been substantially investigated in the context of the immune system and endocrine-unrelated cancers. Here, we demonstrated that tumor-bearing mice had elevated systemic activin levels, which correlated directly with tumor burden. Likewise, cancer patients have elevated plasma activin levels compared to healthy controls. We observed that both tumor and immune cells could be sources of activins. Importantly, our in vitro studies suggest that activins promote differentiation of naïve CD4+ cells into Foxp3-expressing induced regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly when TGF-beta was limited in the culture medium. Database and qRT-PCR analysis of sorted major immune cell subsets in mice revealed that activin receptor 1c (ActRIC) was uniquely expressed on Tregs and that both ActRIC and ActRIIB (activin receptor 2b) were highly upregulated during iTreg differentiation. ActRIC-deficient naïve CD4+ cells were found to be defective in iTreg generation both in vitro and in vivo. Treg suppression assays were also performed, and ActRIC deficiency did not change the function or stability of iTregs. Mice lacking ActRIC or mice treated with monoclonal anti-ActRIC antibody were more resistant to tumor progression than wild-type controls. This phenotype was correlated with reduced expression of Foxp3 in CD4+ cells in the tumor microenvironment. In light of the information presented above, blocking activin-ActRIC signaling is a promising and disease-specific strategy to impede the accumulation of immunosuppressive iTregs in cancer. Therefore, it is a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andriana Lebid
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam Chung
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan Fu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Otrocol
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jelani C. Zarif
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Llosa
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Peng C, Yang F, Yu J, Peng L, Zhang C, Chen C, Lin Z, Li Y, He J, Jin Z. Machine Learning Prediction Algorithm for In-Hospital Mortality following Body Contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:1103e-1113e. [PMID: 36940163 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body contouring is a common procedure, but it is worth attention because of concern for a variety of complications, and even the potential for death. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the key predictors following body contouring and create models for the risk of mortality using diverse machine learning (ML) models. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample database from 2015 to 2017 was queried to identify patients undergoing body contouring. Candidate predictors, such as demographics, comorbidities, personal history, postoperative complications, and operative features, were included. The outcome was in-hospital mortality. Models were compared by area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS Overall, 8214 patients undergoing body contouring were identified, among whom 141 (1.72%) died in the hospital. Variable importance plot demonstrated that sepsis was the variable with greatest importance across all ML algorithms, followed by Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, cardiac arrest, and so forth. The naive Bayes model had a higher predictive performance (area under the curve, 0.898; 95% CI, 0.884 to 0.911) among these eight ML models. Similarly, in the decision curve analysis, the naive Bayes model also demonstrated a higher net benefit (ie, the correct classification of in-hospital deaths considering a tradeoff between false-negatives and false-positives) compared with the other seven models across a range of threshold probability values. CONCLUSION The ML models, as indicated by this study, can be used to predict in-hospital death for patients at risk who undergo body contouring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Peng
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
| | - Fan Yang
- Departments of Plastic Surgery and Burns
| | - Jian Yu
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
| | - Liwei Peng
- Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
| | - Chenxin Chen
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
| | - Zhen Lin
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yuejun Li
- Departments of Plastic Surgery and Burns
| | - Jia He
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
| | - Zhichao Jin
- From the Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University
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Shin H, Kang S, Won C, Min DH. Enhanced Local Delivery of Engineered IL-2 mRNA by Porous Silica Nanoparticles to Promote Effective Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17554-17567. [PMID: 37643221 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Localized expression of immunomodulatory molecules can stimulate immune responses against tumors in the tumor microenvironment while avoiding toxicities associated with systemic administration. In this study, we developed a polyethylenimine-modified porous silica nanoparticle (PPSN)-based delivery platform carrying cytokine mRNA for local immunotherapy in vivo. Our delivery platform was significantly more efficient than FDA-approved lipid nanoparticles for localized mRNA translation. We observed no off-target translation of mRNA in any organs and no evidence of systemic toxicity. Intratumoral injection of cytokine mRNA-loaded PPSNs led to high-level expression of protein within the tumor and stimulated immunogenic cancer cell death. Additionally, combining cytokine mRNA with an immune checkpoint inhibitor enhanced anticancer responses in several murine cancer models and enabled the inhibition of distant metastatic tumors. Our results demonstrate the potential of PPSNs-mediated mRNA delivery as a specific, effective, and safe platform for mRNA-based therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Zhao X, Wan YY. Intricacies of TGF-β signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1002-1022. [PMID: 37217798 PMCID: PMC10468540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt distinct functions to maintain tolerance and clear pathogens. Dysregulation of Th cell function often leads to maladies, including autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, and infection. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are critical Th cell types involved in immune tolerance, homeostasis, pathogenicity, and pathogen clearance. It is therefore critical to understand how Treg and Th17 cells are regulated in health and disease. Cytokines are instrumental in directing Treg and Th17 cell function. The evolutionarily conserved TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) cytokine superfamily is of particular interest because it is central to the biology of both Treg cells that are predominantly immunosuppressive and Th17 cells that can be proinflammatory, pathogenic, and immune regulatory. How TGF-β superfamily members and their intricate signaling pathways regulate Treg and Th17 cell function is a question that has been intensely investigated for two decades. Here, we introduce the fundamental biology of TGF-β superfamily signaling, Treg cells, and Th17 cells and discuss in detail how the TGF-β superfamily contributes to Treg and Th17 cell biology through complex yet ordered and cooperative signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Ye W, Li M, Luo K. Therapies Targeting Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1788. [PMID: 37513975 PMCID: PMC10384189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays critical roles in immune modulation and tumor malignancies in the process of cancer development. Immune cells constitute a significant component of the TME and influence the migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Recently, a number of therapeutic approaches targeting immune cells have proven promising and have already been used to treat different types of cancer. In particular, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have been used in the first-line setting in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-L1 expression ≥1%, as approved by the FDA. In this review, we provide an introduction to the immune cells in the TME and their efficacies, and then we discuss current immunotherapies in NSCLC and scientific research progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Meiye Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Kewang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518109, China
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Onkar SS, Carleton NM, Lucas PC, Bruno TC, Lee AV, Vignali DAA, Oesterreich S. The Great Immune Escape: Understanding the Divergent Immune Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:23-40. [PMID: 36620880 PMCID: PMC9833841 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common type of cancer affecting women, encompasses a collection of histologic (mainly ductal and lobular) and molecular subtypes exhibiting diverse clinical presentation, disease trajectories, treatment options, and outcomes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment for some solid tumors but has shown limited promise for breast cancers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the complex interactions between tumor and immune cells in subtypes of breast cancer at the cellular and microenvironmental levels. We aim to provide a perspective on opportunities for future immunotherapy agents tailored to specific features of each subtype of breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Although there are currently over 200 ongoing clinical trials testing immunotherapeutics, such as immune-checkpoint blockade agents, these are largely restricted to the triple-negative and HER2+ subtypes and primarily focus on T cells. With the rapid expansion of new in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, it is critical to identify and highlight the challenges and opportunities unique for each breast cancer subtype to drive the next generation of treatments that harness the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali S. Onkar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Neil M. Carleton
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dario AA Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Bergerhoff K, Pedersen M. Isolation and Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Treg. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2559:51-63. [PMID: 36180626 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2647-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Besides their important function in immune homeostasis, autoimmunity, and peripheral tolerance, regulatory T cells (Tregs) also play a crucial role in cancer immune evasion, by assisting tumors to shield from antitumor responses by effector cells. Tregs are recruited to infiltrate tumors and upon finding favourable conditions in the tumor microenvironment, proliferate and suppress effector T cell function thereby promoting tumor escape and growth. In human cancer patients and mouse models, a low ratio of effector T cells to Tregs is a key feature of this immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment and correlates with poor prognosis. This chapter describes protocols for the isolation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from solid tumors, their quantification, and phenotyping via flow cytometry to assess the effector T cell:Treg ratio and the expression of relevant markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bergerhoff
- UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Immunology Unit, London, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Targeted Therapy Team, London, UK.
- Quell Therapeutics, London, UK.
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Institute of Cancer Research, Targeted Therapy Team, London, UK
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Qiu Y, Ke S, Chen J, Qin Z, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Meng D, Zhao G, Wu K, Li B, Li D. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and the immune escape in solid tumours. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982986. [PMID: 36569832 PMCID: PMC9774953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play critical roles in establishing the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, which is achieved and dynamically maintained with the contribution of various stromal and immune cell subsets. However, the dynamics of non-lymphoid FOXP3+ Treg cells and the mutual regulation of Treg cells and other cell types in solid tumour microenvironment remains largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the dynamic connections and reciprocal regulations of non-lymphoid Treg cell subsets in accordance with well-established and new emerging hallmarks of cancer, especially on the immune escape of tumour cells in solid tumours. Our comprehension of the interplay between FOXP3+ Treg cells and key hallmarks of cancer may provide new insights into the development of next-generation engineered T cell-based immune treatments for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyu Ke
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhen Qin
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenle Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Glycyrrhetinic acid modified chlorambucil prodrug for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment based on DNA replication and tumor microenvironment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pan W, Scherlinger M, Yoshida N, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. PPP2R2D Suppresses Effector T Cell Exhaustion and Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Melanoma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:621-628. [PMID: 35831019 PMCID: PMC9339485 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We had shown previously that the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2D suppresses IL-2 production, and PPP2R2D deficiency in T cells potentiates the suppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells and alleviates imiquimod-induced lupus-like pathology. In this study, in a melanoma xenograft model, we noted that the tumor grew in larger sizes in mice lacking PPP2R2D in T cells (LckCreR2Dfl/fl) compared with wild type (R2Dfl/fl) mice. The numbers of intratumoral T cells in LckCreR2Dfl/fl mice were reduced compared with R2Dfl/fl mice, and they expressed a PD-1+CD3+CD44+ exhaustion phenotype. In vitro experiments confirmed that the chromatin of exhaustion markers PD-1, LAG3, TIM3, and CTLA4 remained open in LckCreR2Dfl/fl CD4 T conventional compared with R2Dfl/fl T conventional cells. Moreover, the percentage of Treg cells (CD3+CD4+Foxp3+CD25hi) was significantly increased in the xenografted tumor of LckCreR2Dfl/fl mice compared with R2Dfl/fl mice probably because of the increase in the percentage of IL-2-producing LckCreR2Dfl/fl T cells. Moreover, using adoptive T cell transfer in mice xenografted with melanoma, we demonstrated that PPP2R2D deficiency in T cells enhanced the inhibitory effect of Treg cells in antitumor immunity. At the translational level, analysis of publicly available data from 418 patients with melanoma revealed that PPP2R2D expression levels correlated positively with tumor-infiltration level of CD4 and CD8 T cells. The data demonstrate that PPP2R2D is a negative regulator of immune checkpoint receptors, and its absence exacerbates effector T cell exhaustion and promotes Treg cell expansion. We conclude that PPP2R2D protects against melanoma growth, and PPP2R2D-promoting regimens can have therapeutic value in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marc Scherlinger
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Shi ZY, Zhang SX, Fan D, Li CH, Cheng ZH, Xue Y, Wu LX, Lu KY, Yang SY, Cheng Y, Wu ZF, Gao C, Li XF, Liu HY, Li SJ. Dynamic Immune Function Changes Before and After the First Radioactive Iodine Therapy After Total Resection of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901263. [PMID: 35844520 PMCID: PMC9280633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of total thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy on immune activation and suppression of the tumor microenvironment remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of these treatments on the immune function in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Our cohort included 45 patients with DTC treated with total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT). Immune function tests were performed by flow cytometry at 0, 30, and 90 days post-RAIT. Both the percentage and absolute number of circulating regulatory T cells were significantly lower in the postoperative DTC compared to the healthy controls. Notably, the absolute number of multiple lymphocyte subgroups significantly decreased at 30 days post-RAIT compared to those pre-RAIT. The absolute counts of these lymphocytes were recovered at 90 days post-RAIT, but not at pre-RAIT levels. Additionally, the Th17 cell percentage before RAIT was positively correlated with thyroglobulin (Tg) levels after RAIT. The tumor burden might contribute to increased levels of circulating Tregs. In conclusion, RAIT caused transient radiation damage in patients with DTC and the percentage of Th17 cells before RAIT could be a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cai-Hong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke-Yi Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Su-Yun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Liu, ; Si-Jin Li,
| | - Si-Jin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Liu, ; Si-Jin Li,
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13
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Huppert LA, Green MD, Kim L, Chow C, Leyfman Y, Daud AI, Lee JC. Tissue-specific Tregs in cancer metastasis: opportunities for precision immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:33-45. [PMID: 34417572 PMCID: PMC8752797 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of advancements in immuno-oncology have enabled the development of current immunotherapies, which provide long-term treatment responses in certain metastatic cancer patients. However, cures remain infrequent, and most patients ultimately succumb to treatment-refractory metastatic disease. Recent insights suggest that tumors at certain organ sites exhibit distinctive response patterns to immunotherapy and can even reduce antitumor immunity within anatomically distant tumors, suggesting the activation of tissue-specific immune tolerogenic mechanisms in some cases of therapy resistance. Specialized immune cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present within all tissues in the body and coordinate the suppression of excessive immune activation to curb autoimmunity and maintain immune homeostasis. Despite the high volume of research on Tregs, the findings have failed to reconcile tissue-specific Treg functions in organs, such as tolerance, tissue repair, and regeneration, with their suppression of local and systemic tumor immunity in the context of immunotherapy resistance. To improve the understanding of how the tissue-specific functions of Tregs impact cancer immunotherapy, we review the specialized role of Tregs in clinically common and challenging organ sites of cancer metastasis, highlight research that describes Treg impacts on tissue-specific and systemic immune regulation in the context of immunotherapy, and summarize ongoing work reporting clinically feasible strategies that combine the specific targeting of Tregs with systemic cancer immunotherapy. Improved knowledge of Tregs in the framework of their tissue-specific biology and clinical sites of organ metastasis will enable more precise targeting of immunotherapy and have profound implications for treating patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke Kim
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Chow
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Leyfman
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Adil I Daud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James C Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Melese ES, Franks E, Cederberg RA, Harbourne BT, Shi R, Wadsworth BJ, Collier JL, Halvorsen EC, Johnson F, Luu J, Oh MH, Lam V, Krystal G, Hoover SB, Raffeld M, Simpson RM, Unni AM, Lam WL, Lam S, Abraham N, Bennewith KL, Lockwood WW. CCL5 production in lung cancer cells leads to an altered immune microenvironment and promotes tumor development. Oncoimmunology 2021; 11:2010905. [PMID: 35481284 PMCID: PMC9038050 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2010905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunotherapies for lung cancer are only effective in a subset of patients. Identifying tumor-derived factors that facilitate immunosuppression offers the opportunity to develop novel strategies to supplement and improve current therapeutics. We sought to determine whether expression of driver oncogenes in lung cancer cells affects cytokine secretion, alters the local immune environment, and influences lung tumor progression. We demonstrate that oncogenic EGFR and KRAS mutations, which are early events in lung tumourigenesis, can drive cytokine and chemokine production by cancer cells. One of the most prominent changes was in CCL5, which was rapidly induced by KRASG12V or EGFRL858R expression, through MAPK activation. Immunocompetent mice implanted with syngeneic KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells deficient in CCL5 have decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs), evidence of T cell exhaustion, and reduced lung tumor burden, indicating tumor-cell CCL5 production contributes to an immune suppressive environment in the lungs. Furthermore, high CCL5 expression correlates with poor prognosis, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and alteration to CD8 effector function in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our data support targeting CCL5 or CCL5 receptors on immune suppressive cells to prevent formation of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes lung cancer progression and immunotherapy insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne S. Melese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Franks
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Cederberg
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Bryant T. Harbourne
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brennan J. Wadsworth
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Jenna L. Collier
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C. Halvorsen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Fraser Johnson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Jennifer Luu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Min Hee Oh
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Vivian Lam
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelley B. Hoover
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R. Mark Simpson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
| | - William W. Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bc, Canada
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15
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Raineri D, Cappellano G, Vilardo B, Maione F, Clemente N, Canciani E, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Monge C, Dianzani C, Boldorini R, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand Plays a Dual Role in Melanoma Metastasis upon Binding to Osteopontin or Inducible T-Cell Costimulator. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010051. [PMID: 35052731 PMCID: PMC8772802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) shares its unique ligand (ICOSL) with osteopontin (OPN), and OPN/ICOSL binding promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in the 4T1 breast cancer model. Literature showed that OPN promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing T-cell activation and recruiting myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC). On the opposite, ICOS/ICOSL interaction usually sustains an antitumor response. Here, we engineered murine B16F10 melanoma cells, by transfecting or silencing ICOSL. In vitro data showed that loss of ICOSL favors anchorage-independent growth and induces more metastases in vivo, compared to ICOSL expressing cells. To dissect individual roles of the three molecules, we compared data from C57BL/6 with those from OPN-KO, ICOS-KO, and ICOSL-KO mice, missing one partner at a time. We found that OPN produced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) favors the metastasis by interacting with stromal ICOSL. This activity is dominantly inhibited by ICOS expressed on TME by promoting Treg expansion. Importantly, we also show that OPN and ICOSL highly interact in human melanoma metastases compared to primary tumors. Interfering with this binding may be explored in immunotherapy either for nonresponding or patients resistant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raineri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vilardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Canciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Monge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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16
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Liu J, Wang X, Deng Y, Yu X, Wang H, Li Z. Research Progress on the Role of Regulatory T Cell in Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766248. [PMID: 34868991 PMCID: PMC8636122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem comprised of cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Analysis of the composition of TME is essential to assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC) and the efficacy of different regimes. Treg plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of breast cancer subtypes, and its function contributes to the development and progression of BC by suppressing anti-tumor immunity directly or indirectly through multiple mechanisms. In addition, conventional treatments, such as anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and neo-therapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockades, have a significant impact on the absence of Tregs in BC TME, thus gaining additional anti-tumor effect to some extent. Strikingly, Treg in BC TME revealed the predicted efficacy of some therapeutic strategies. All these results suggest that we can manipulate the abundance of Treg to achieve the ultimate effect of both conventional and novel treatments. In this review, we discuss new insights into the characteristics of Treg in BC TME, the impact of different regiments on Treg, and the possibilities of Treg as a predictive marker of efficacy for certain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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17
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Peng H, Wu X, Zhong R, Yu T, Cai X, Liu J, Wen Y, Ao Y, Chen J, Li Y, He M, Li C, Zheng H, Chen Y, Pan Z, He J, Liang W. Profiling Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Multiplex Immunofluorescence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750046. [PMID: 34804034 PMCID: PMC8600321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to profile the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by multiplex immunofluorescence of 681 NSCLC cases. The number, density, and proportion of 26 types of immune cells in tumor nest and tumor stroma were evaluated, revealing some close interactions particularly between intrastromal neutrophils and intratumoral regulatory T cells (Treg) (r2 = 0.439, P < 0.001), intrastromal CD4+CD38+ T cells and CD20-positive B cells (r2 = 0.539, P < 0.001), and intratumoral CD8-positive T cells and M2 macrophages expressing PD-L1 (r2 = 0.339, P < 0.001). Three immune subtypes correlated with distinct immune characteristics were identified using the unsupervised consensus clustering approach. The immune-activated subtype had the longest disease-free survival (DFS) and demonstrated the highest infiltration of CD4-positive T cells, CD8-positive T cells, and CD20-positive B cells. The immune-defected subtype was rich in cancer stem cells and macrophages, and these patients had the worst prognosis. The immune-exempted subtype had the highest levels of neutrophils and Tregs. Intratumoral CD68-positive macrophages, M1 macrophages, and intrastromal CD4+ cells, CD4+FOXP3- cells, CD8+ cells, and PD-L1+ cells were further found to be the most robust prognostic biomarkers for DFS, which were used to construct and validate the immune-related risk score for risk stratification (high vs. median vs. low) and the prediction of 5-year DFS rates (23.2% vs. 37.9% vs. 43.1%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the intricate and intrinsic structure of TIME in NSCLC was demonstrated, showing potency in subtyping and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaokai Wen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyuan Ao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caichen Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zheng
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkui Pan
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
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18
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Baxter MA, Middleton F, Cagney HP, Petty RD. Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancers. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1068-1079. [PMID: 34230609 PMCID: PMC8505606 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have altered the treatment paradigm across a range of tumour types, including gastro-oesophageal cancers. For patients with any cancer type who respond, ICIs can confer long-term disease control and significantly improve survival and quality of life, but for patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer, ICIs can be transformative, as durable responses in advanced disease have hitherto been rare, especially in those patients who are resistant to first-line cytotoxic therapies. Results from trials in patients with advanced-stage gastro-oesophageal cancer have raised hopes that ICIs will be successful as adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments in early-stage disease, when the majority of patients relapse after potential curative treatments, and several trials are ongoing. Unfortunately, however, ICI-responding patients appear to constitute a minority subgroup within gastro-oesophageal cancer, and resistance to ICI therapy (whether primary or acquired) is common. Understanding the biological mechanisms of ICI resistance is a current major research challenge and involves investigation of both tumour and patient-specific factors. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance and their potential specific applications of this knowledge towards precision medicine strategies in the management of gastro-oesophageal cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
| | - Fearghas Middleton
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Hannah P Cagney
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Russell D Petty
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
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19
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Differences in Immunological Landscape between EGFR-Mutated and Wild-Type Lung Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3776854. [PMID: 34484468 PMCID: PMC8416409 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3776854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials of lung adenocarcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors revealed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations have a poor response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms have not been addressed. We performed immunohistochemistry analyses of resected lung adenocarcinoma tissues with and without EGFR mutations to investigate and compare the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We retrospectively enrolled a total of 323 lung adenocarcinoma patients (164 had EGFR mutations), and their corresponding tissue samples were analyzed by the EGFR mutation test and immunohistochemistry. We selected the markers of the immune checkpoint molecule (PD1, PD-L1, and LAG-3) and immune cell (CD3, CD4, CD8, and Foxp3) as markers of the tumor microenvironment. Our results revealed that patients had a distinct tumor microenvironment between EGFR-mutant and wild-type lung adenocarcinomas; the expression of CD3, CD4, PD-L1, and Foxp3 in EGFR-mutant tumors was significantly higher than that in wild-type tumors, while the expression of LAG3 and PD-1 showed a positive correlation with EGFR-wild-type tumors. In survival analysis, EGFR-wild-type patients had longer disease-free survival (DFS) than EGFR-mutant patients (P = 0.0065). Our research demonstrates significant differences in tumor microenvironment composition between EGFR-mutant and wild-type patients. Our findings provide novel evidence that contributes to understanding the mechanism underlying the poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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20
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Huang L, Xu Y, Fang J, Liu W, Chen J, Liu Z, Xu Q. Targeting STAT3 Abrogates Tim-3 Upregulation of Adaptive Resistance to PD-1 Blockade on Regulatory T Cells of Melanoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654749. [PMID: 33936081 PMCID: PMC8082190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Less than 20% of melanoma patients respond to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapies. Thus, it is crucial to understand the dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) after PD-1 blockade, for developing immunotherapy efficacy. Methods A genomic analysis was conducted by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and web platform TIMER2.0 datasets. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and B16-F10 melanoma mice were used as models. The cellular and molecular characteristics and mechanisms of Treg cells in melanoma were assessed by performing gene expression studies, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry. Results Here, we evaluate the countenance of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3), and various immunosuppressive factors within tumor-infiltrated Treg cells after treatment with anti-PD-1 or the indicator transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors. Increased expression of Tim-3 is markedly observed within the tissues of the PD-1 blockade resistance of melanoma patients. Targeting STAT3 significantly boosts the response of resistant-PD-1 therapy within the melanoma mouse model. Mechanistically, the manifestation of STAT3 decreases the expression of Tim-3 and various cytokines in the purified Treg cells from individual PBMCs and the murine melanoma model, limiting the immunosuppression of Treg cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that Tim-3 expression on Treg cells within the TME is STAT3-dependent, providing support to STAT3 as a target and enhancing the immunotherapy for patients suffering from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juemin Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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21
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Leite CA, Mota JM, de Lima KA, Wanderley CW, Nascimento LA, Ferreira MD, Silva CMS, Colon DF, Sakita JY, Kannen V, Viacava PR, Begnami MD, Lima-Junior RCP, Cordeiro de Lima VC, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. Paradoxical interaction between cancer and long-term postsepsis disorder: impairment of de novo carcinogenesis versus favoring the growth of established tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000129. [PMID: 32376720 PMCID: PMC7223471 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous data have reported that the growth of established tumors may be facilitated by postsepsis disorder through changes in the microenvironment and immune dysfunction. However, the influence of postsepsis disorder in initial carcinogenesis remains elusive. Methods In the present work, the effect of postsepsis on inflammation-induced early carcinogenesis was evaluated in an experimental model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We also analyzed the frequency and role of intestinal T regulatory cells (Treg) in CAC carcinogenesis. Results The colitis grade and the tumor development rate were evaluated postmortem or in vivo through serial colonoscopies. Sepsis-surviving mice (SSM) presented with a lower colonic DNA damage, polyp incidence, reduced tumor load, and milder colitis than their sham-operated counterparts. Ablating Treg led to restoration of the ability to develop colitis and tumor polyps in the SSM, in a similar fashion to that in the sham-operated mice. On the other hand, the growth of subcutaneously inoculated MC38luc colorectal cancer cells or previously established chemical CAC tumors was increased in SSM. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that postsepsis disorder has a dual effect in cancer development, inhibiting inflammation-induced early carcinogenesis in a Treg-dependent manner, while increasing the growth of previously established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Abner Leite
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Cancer Institute of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jose Mauricio Mota
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kalil Alves de Lima
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Yumi Sakita
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Ramos Viacava
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil .,Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Albuquerque Ribeiro
- Cancer Institute of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Federal University of Ceara, Faculty of Medicine, Fortaleza, Brazil
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22
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Hughes E, Lauder SN, Smart K, Bloom A, Scott J, Jones E, Somerville M, Browne M, Blainey A, Godkin A, Ager A, Gallimore A. Primary breast tumours but not lung metastases induce protective anti-tumour immune responses after Treg-depletion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2063-2073. [PMID: 32447412 PMCID: PMC7511476 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths, tests of novel immunotherapies in mouse tumour models often focus on primary tumours without determining whether these therapies also target metastatic disease. This study examined the impact of depleting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), on lung metastases, using a mouse model of breast cancer. After Treg-depletion, generation of an immune response to the primary tumour was a critical determinant for limiting development of metastasis. Indeed, resection of the primary tumour abrogated any effect of Treg-depletion on metastases. In addition, whilst the immune response, generated by the primary tumour, prevented metastases development, it had little impact on controlling established disease. Collectively, the data indicate that metastatic cells in the lung are not controlled by immune responses induced by the primary tumour. These findings indicate that targeting Tregs alone will not suffice for treating lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellyn Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Sarah N Lauder
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kathryn Smart
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anja Bloom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jake Scott
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Emma Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Michelle Somerville
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Molly Browne
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew Blainey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew Godkin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ann Ager
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Awen Gallimore
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, SIURI, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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23
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Seifert AM, Eymer A, Heiduk M, Wehner R, Tunger A, von Renesse J, Decker R, Aust DE, Welsch T, Reissfelder C, Weitz J, Schmitz M, Seifert L. PD-1 Expression by Lymph Node and Intratumoral Regulatory T Cells Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102756. [PMID: 32987956 PMCID: PMC7599971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease and among the most immune-resistant tumor types. Single-agent immunotherapy has not demonstrated clinical benefits in pancreatic cancer patients, and combinational therapies targeting multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression are likely needed. T cell activation in lymph nodes is required for the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we phenotypically and functionally analyze T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes, blood and tumors from patients with pancreatic cancer to decipher unknown immunosuppressive mechanisms and to identify potential immunotherapeutic targets. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a mostly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) are a major site for priming of tumor-reactive T cells and also tumor metastasis. However, the phenotype and function of T cells in TDLNs from PDAC patients is unknown. In this study, lymph nodes from the pancreatic head (PH), the hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL) and the interaortocaval (IAC) region were obtained from 25 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. Additionally, tumors and matched blood were analyzed from 16 PDAC patients. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we performed a comprehensive analysis of T cells. CD4+ T cells were the predominant T cell subset in PDAC-draining lymph nodes. Overall, lymph node CD4+ and CD8+ T cells had a similar degree of activation, as measured by CD69, inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and CD137 (4-1BB) expression and interferon-γ (IFNγ) secretion. Expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) by lymph node and tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) correlated with lymph node metastasis. Collectively, Treg cells and PD-1 are two relevant components of the immunosuppressive network in PDAC-draining lymph nodes and may be particularly attractive targets for combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in selected patients with node-positive PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Annabel Eymer
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.E.); (R.W.); (A.T.)
| | - Max Heiduk
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.E.); (R.W.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.E.); (R.W.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Janusz von Renesse
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Rahel Decker
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Daniela E. Aust
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- NCT Biobank Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thilo Welsch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.E.); (R.W.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.H.); (J.v.R.); (R.D.); (T.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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24
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Oweida AJ, Darragh L, Phan A, Binder D, Bhatia S, Mueller A, Court BV, Milner D, Raben D, Woessner R, Heasley L, Nemenoff R, Clambey E, Karam SD. STAT3 Modulation of Regulatory T Cells in Response to Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1339-1349. [PMID: 30863843 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioresistance represents a major problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. To improve response, understanding tumor microenvironmental factors that contribute to radiation resistance is important. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in numerous cancers and can dampen the response to radiation by creating an immune-inhibitory microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms of Treg modulation by radiation in HNC. METHODS We utilized an orthotopic mouse model of HNC. Anti-CD25 was used for Treg depletion. Image-guided radiation was delivered to a dose of 10 Gy. Flow cytometry was used to analyze abundance and function of intratumoral immune cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to assess secreted factors. For immune-modulating therapies, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, and STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) were used. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Treatment with anti-CD25 and radiation led to tumor eradication (57.1%, n = 4 of 7 mice), enhanced T-cell cytotoxicity compared with RT alone (CD4 effector T cells [Teff]: RT group mean = 5.37 [ 0.58] vs RT + αCD25 group mean =10.71 [0.67], P = .005; CD8 Teff: RT group mean = 9.98 [0.81] vs RT + αCD25 group mean =16.88 [2.49], P = .01) and induced tumor antigen-specific memory response (100.0%, n = 4 mice). In contrast, radiation alone or when combined with anti-CTLA4 did not lead to durable tumor control (0.0%, n = 7 mice). STAT3 inhibition in combination with radiation, but not as a single agent, improved tumor growth delay, decreased Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages and enhanced effector T cells and M1 macrophages. Experiments in nude mice inhibited the benefit of STAT3 ASO and radiation. CONCLUSION We propose that STAT3 inhibition is a viable and potent therapeutic target against Tregs. Our data support the design of clinical trials integrating STAT3 ASO in the standard of care for cancer patients receiving radiation.
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25
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Verma A, Mathur R, Farooque A, Kaul V, Gupta S, Dwarakanath BS. T-Regulatory Cells In Tumor Progression And Therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10731-10747. [PMID: 31920383 PMCID: PMC6935360 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s228887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important members of the immune system regulating the host responses to infection and neoplasms. Tregs prevent autoimmune disorders by protecting the host-cells from an immune response, related to the peripheral tolerance. However, tumor cells use Tregs as a shield to protect themselves against anti-tumor immune response. Thus, Tregs are a hurdle in achieving the complete potential of anti-cancer therapies including immunotherapy. This has prompted the development of novel adjuvant therapies that obviate their negative effects thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. Our earlier studies have shown the efficacy of the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) by reducing the induced Tregs pool and enhance immune stimulation as well as local tumor control. These findings have suggested its potential for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy, besides radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review provides a brief account of the current status of Tregs as a component of the immune-biology of tumors and various preclinical and clinical strategies pursued to obviate the limitations imposed by them in achieving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rohit Mathur
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Vandana Kaul
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Seema Gupta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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26
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric epithelia of its human host. Everyone who is colonized with these pathogenic bacteria can develop gastric inflammation, termed gastritis. Additionally, a small proportion of colonized people develop more adverse outcomes, including gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The development of these adverse outcomes is dependent on the establishment of a chronic inflammatory response. The development and control of this chronic inflammatory response are significantly impacted by CD4+ T helper cell activity. Noteworthy, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4+ T cells, produce several proinflammatory cytokines that activate innate immune cell antimicrobial activity, drive a pathogenic immune response, regulate B cell responses, and participate in wound healing. Therefore, this review was written to take an intricate look at the involvement of Th17 cells and their affiliated cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26) in regulating the immune response to H. pylori colonization and carcinogenesis.
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27
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Galdiero MR, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Mazzi V, Varricchi G, Marone G, Antonelli A. Immune and Inflammatory Cells in Thyroid Cancer Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4413. [PMID: 31500315 PMCID: PMC6769504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction. Activated immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which foster the proliferation of tumor cells. Specific antigens expressed by cancer cells are recognized by the main actors of immune response that are involved in their elimination (immunosurveillance). By the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, decreasing the tumor immunogenicity, or through other immunosuppressive mechanisms, tumors can impair the host immune cells within the TME and escape their surveillance. Within the TME, cells of the innate (e.g., macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils) and the adaptive (e.g., lymphocytes) immune responses are interconnected with epithelial cancer cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells via cytokines, chemokines, and adipocytokines. The molecular pattern of cytokines and chemokines has a key role and could explain the involvement of the immune system in tumor initiation and progression. Thyroid cancer-related inflammation is an important target for diagnostic procedures and novel therapeutic strategies. Anticancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, unleashes the immune system and activates cytotoxic lymphocytes to kill cancer cells. A better knowledge of the molecular and immunological characteristics of TME will allow novel and more effective immunotherapeutic strategies in advanced thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.R.G.); (G.V.); (G.M.)
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.R.G.); (G.V.); (G.M.)
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.R.G.); (G.V.); (G.M.)
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.M.F.); (I.R.); (G.E.); (F.R.); (S.R.P.); (A.P.); (V.M.)
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Kim SJ, Garcia-Recio S, Creighton CJ, Perou CM, Rosen JM. Alterations in Wnt- and/or STAT3 signaling pathways and the immune microenvironment during metastatic progression. Oncogene 2019; 38:5942-5958. [PMID: 31289359 PMCID: PMC6675631 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an extremely complex disease with limited treatment options due to the lack of information about the major characteristics of metastatic disease. There is an urgent need, therefore, to understand the changes in cellular complexity and dynamics that occur during metastatic progression. In the current study, we analyzed the cellular and molecular differences between primary tumors and paired lung metastases using a syngeneic p53-null mammary tumor model of basal-like breast cancer. Distinct subpopulations driven by the Wnt- and/or STAT3 signaling pathways were detected in vivo using a lentiviral Wnt- and STAT3 signaling reporter system. A significant increase in the overlapping populations driven by both the Wnt- and STAT3 signaling pathways was observed in the lung metastases as compared to the primary tumors. Furthermore, the overlapping populations showed a higher metastatic potential relative to the other populations and pharmacological inhibition of both signaling pathways was shown to markedly reduce the metastatic lesions in established lung metastases. An analysis of the unique molecular features of the lung metastases revealed a significant association with immune response signatures. Specifically, Foxp3 gene expression was markedly increased and elevated levels of Foxp3 + Treg cells were detected in close proximity to lung metastases. Collectively, these studies illustrate the importance of analyzing intratumoral heterogeneity, changes in population dynamics, and the immune microenvironment during metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Garcia-Recio
- Department Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C M Perou
- Department Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Li Y, Egranov SD, Yang L, Lin C. Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs-mediated cancer metastasis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:200-207. [PMID: 30350428 PMCID: PMC10642708 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process that requires cancer cells to leave the primary site, survive in the blood stream, and finally colonize at a distant organ. It is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The organ-specific colonization requires close interaction and communication between cancer cells and host organs. Noncoding RNAs represent the majority of the transcriptome, with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) making up a significant proportion. It has been suggested that lncRNAs play a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will provide an overview of how lncRNAs are involved in cancer cell colonization in specific organ sites and the underlying mechanisms as well as therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergey D. Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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30
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Immune Gene Signature Delineates a Subclass of Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120494. [PMID: 30563160 PMCID: PMC6316581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical outcomes highlighting a need to identify robust biomarkers with clinical relevance. We applied non-negative matrix factorization-based deconvolution to publicly available gene expression profiles of thyroid cancers in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium. Among three metagene signatures identified, two signatures were enriched in canonical BRAF-like and RAS-like thyroid cancers with up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and cell adhesions, respectively. The third metagene signature representing up-regulation of immune-related genes further segregated BRAF-like and RAS-like PTCs into their respective subgroups of immunoreactive (IR) and immunodeficient (ID), respectively. BRAF-IR PTCs showed enrichment of tumor infiltrating immune cells, tall cell variant PTC, and shorter recurrence-free survival compared to BRAF-ID PTCs. RAS-IR and RAS-ID PTC subtypes included majority of normal thyroid tissues and follicular variant PTC, respectively. Immunopathological features of PTC subtypes such as immune cell fraction, repertoire of T cell receptors, cytolytic activity, and expression level of immune checkpoints such as and PD-L1 and CTLA-4 were consistently observed in two different cohorts. Taken together, an immune-related metagene signature can classify PTCs into four molecular subtypes, featuring the distinct histologic type, genetic and transcriptional alterations, and potential clinical significance.
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31
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Halvorsen EC, Franks SE, Wadsworth BJ, Harbourne BT, Cederberg RA, Steer CA, Martinez-Gonzalez I, Calder J, Lockwood WW, Bennewith KL. IL-33 increases ST2 + Tregs and promotes metastatic tumour growth in the lungs in an amphiregulin-dependent manner. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1527497. [PMID: 30713780 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1527497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) facilitate primary and metastatic tumour growth through the suppression of anti-tumour immunity. Emerging evidence suggests a distinct role for Tregs in mediating tissue repair and barrier integrity in the lungs by IL-33 mediated production of the growth factor amphiregulin (AREG). Dependent on the type of cancer and local microenvironment, AREG may induce tumour cell proliferation, invasion, migration or resistance to apoptosis by signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We have found that IL-33 is dramatically increased in and around metastatic tumour foci in the lungs of mice bearing orthotopic murine mammary tumours. We observed that Tregs express significantly more of the IL-33 receptor, ST2, relative to conventional T cells, that ST2+ Tregs accumulate in the lungs of metastatic tumour-bearing mice, and that ST2+ Tregs produce significantly more AREG than ST2- Tregs. The intranasal administration of recombinant IL-33 increased the proportion of AREG producing ST2+ Tregs and enhanced the level of phosphorylated EGFR in the metastatic lungs. While recombinant AREG did not impact mammary tumour cell proliferation in vitro despite inducing a dose-dependent increase in phosphorylated EGFR, intranasal administration of AREG resulted in a ten-fold increase in pulmonary metastatic tumour burden in vivo. Further, the intranasal administration of recombinant IL-33 significantly increased metastatic tumour burden in the lungs in an amphiregulin-dependent manner. These data identify ST2+ Tregs as a microenvironmental source of AREG in the lungs of mice with orthotopic metastatic mammary tumours and highlight an important role for AREG in promoting metastatic tumour growth in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Halvorsen
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S E Franks
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B J Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B T Harbourne
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R A Cederberg
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C A Steer
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - J Calder
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W W Lockwood
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K L Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sharabi A, Tsokos MG, Ding Y, Malek TR, Klatzmann D, Tsokos GC. Regulatory T cells in the treatment of disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:823-844. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gilabert-Oriol R, Ryan GM, Leung AWY, Firmino NS, Bennewith KL, Bally MB. Liposomal Formulations to Modulate the Tumour Microenvironment and Antitumour Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102922. [PMID: 30261606 PMCID: PMC6213379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours are complex systems of genetically diverse malignant cells that proliferate in the presence of a heterogeneous microenvironment consisting of host derived microvasculature, stromal, and immune cells. The components of the tumour microenvironment (TME) communicate with each other and with cancer cells, to regulate cellular processes that can inhibit, as well as enhance, tumour growth. Therapeutic strategies have been developed to modulate the TME and cancer-associated immune response. However, modulating compounds are often insoluble (aqueous solubility of less than 1 mg/mL) and have suboptimal pharmacokinetics that prevent therapeutically relevant drug concentrations from reaching the appropriate sites within the tumour. Nanomedicines and, in particular, liposomal formulations of relevant drug candidates, define clinically meaningful drug delivery systems that have the potential to ensure that the right drug candidate is delivered to the right area within tumours at the right time. Following encapsulation in liposomes, drug candidates often display extended plasma half-lives, higher plasma concentrations and may accumulate directly in the tumour tissue. Liposomes can normalise the tumour blood vessel structure and enhance the immunogenicity of tumour cell death; relatively unrecognised impacts associated with using liposomal formulations. This review describes liposomal formulations that affect components of the TME. A focus is placed on formulations which are approved for use in the clinic. The concept of tumour immunogenicity, and how liposomes may enhance radiation and chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), is discussed. Liposomes are currently an indispensable tool in the treatment of cancer, and their contribution to cancer therapy may gain even further importance by incorporating modulators of the TME and the cancer-associated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gilabert-Oriol
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Gemma M Ryan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Ada W Y Leung
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Cuprous Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vancouver, BC V6N 3P8, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Natalie S Firmino
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Cuprous Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vancouver, BC V6N 3P8, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Lo Presti E, Pizzolato G, Corsale AM, Caccamo N, Sireci G, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. γδ T Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: From Immunosurveillance to Tumor Evasion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1395. [PMID: 29963061 PMCID: PMC6013569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells possess cytotoxic antitumor activity mediated by production of proinflammatory cytokines, direct cytotoxic activity, and regulation of the biological functions of other cell types. Hence, these features have prompted the development of therapeutic strategies in which γδ T cells agonists or ex vivo-expanded γδ T cells are administered to tumor patients. Several studies have shown that γδ T cells are an important component of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients affected by different types of cancer and a recent analysis of ~18,000 transcriptomes from 39 human tumors identified tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells as the most significant favorable cancer-wide prognostic signature. However, the complex and intricate interactions between tumor cells, tumor microenvironment (TME), and tumor-infiltrating immune cells results in a balance between tumor-promoting and tumor-controlling effects, and γδ T cells functions are often diverted or impaired by immunosuppressive signals originating from the TME. This review focuses on the dangerous liason between γδ T cells and tumoral microenvironment and raises the possibility that strategies capable to reduce the immunosuppressive environment and increase the cytotoxic ability of γδ T cells may be the key factor to improve their utilization in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzolato
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Università, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Sireci
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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35
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Pei X, Wang X, Li H. LncRNA SNHG1 regulates the differentiation of Treg cells and affects the immune escape of breast cancer via regulating miR-448/IDO. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:24-30. [PMID: 29886172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in the immune escape of breast cancer (BC). METHODS SNHG1, miR-448 and IL-10 levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of IDO and Foxp3 were measured by Western blot. SNHG1 and miR-448 interaction was tested by RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay. MiR-448 and IDO interaction was observed by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared with CD4+T cells, miR-448 expression in CD4+ TIL cells was decreased, while the expression of SNHG1, IDO, IL-10 and Foxp3 were increased. Moreover, SNHG1 directly contacted with miR-448, which could negatively regulate IDO. In cells treated with siRNA-SNHG and miR-448 inhibitor, interference SNHG1 up-regulated miR-448 expression and down-regulated IDO expression, while miR-448 inhibitor reversed this effect. In addition, miR-448 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of siRNA-SNHG1 on Treg cell differentiation, and siRNA-SNHG1 could reduce tumor volume and down-regulated the expressions of SNHG1, IL-10, IDO and Foxp3. CONCLUSION Interference SNHG1 could inhibit the differentiation of Treg cells by promoting miR-448 expression and reducing IDO level, thereby impeding the immune escape of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Pei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Putri DU, Feng PH, Hsu YH, Lee KY, Jiang FW, Kuo LW, Chen YJ, Han CL. Chemotherapy Immunophenoprofiles in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Personalized Membrane Proteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12. [PMID: 29278294 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No study has addressed how the immune status at the molecular level is affected by first-line pemetrexed and cisplatin (PEM-CIS) combination therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, we aimed to identify the immune status from membrane proteome alterations in patients with NSCLC upon PEM-CIS treatment. METHODS The paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from four patients with lung adenocarcinoma before and after the first regimen of PEM-CIS treatment and applied quantitative membrane proteomics analysis. RESULT In the personalized PBMC membrane proteome profiles, 2424 proteins were identified as displaying patient-specific responsive patterns. We discovered an elevated neutrophil activity and a more suppressive T-cell phenotype with the downregulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 degradation and the upregulation of type 2 T-helper and T-regulatory cells in the patient with the highest progression-free survival (PFS) of 14.5 months. Patients with a PFS of 2 months showed higher expressions of T-cell subsets, MHC class II pathways, and T-cell receptor signaling, which indicated an activated immune status. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Without the additional isolation of specific immune cell populations, our study demonstrated that PEM-CIS chemotherapy altered patients' immune system in terms of neutrophils, T cells, and antigen presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Utami Putri
- International PhD Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuu-Hueih Hsu
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wen Jiang
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Wei Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hou CM, Qu XM, Zhang J, Ding TT, Han W, Ji GC, Zhong ZH, Chen H, Zhang F. Fibroblast activation proteins-α suppress tumor immunity by regulating T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 104:29-37. [PMID: 29273462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) is a type-II cell-surface-bound integral transmembrane serine protease and selectively overexpressed by tumor-associated stromal fibroblasts (TAFs), which are the main components in the tumor microenvironment, in >90% of malignant epithelial carcinomas. FAPα regulates the immunosuppression of tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, the effect of FAPα on Tregs and TAMs is unknown. The non-enzymatic function of FAPα on Treg and TAM was investigated. In this study, we confirm that FAPα can promote the generation of Tregs and TAMs, which suggests that FAPα plays a immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment and provides evidence for FAP α as a potent immunotherapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Mei Hou
- Department of Forensic, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - Xue Mei Qu
- Department of Forensic, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Forensic, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - Ting Ting Ding
- Department of Forensic, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Guang Chuan Ji
- Department of Forensic, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - Zhao Hua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - He Chen
- Department of Forensic, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China; Departmnet of Pathology, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - FengMin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, China.
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38
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de Oliveira CE, Gasparoto TH, Pinheiro CR, Amôr NG, Nogueira MRS, Kaneno R, Garlet GP, Lara VS, Silva JS, Cavassani KA, Campanelli AP. CCR5-Dependent Homing of T Regulatory Cells to the Tumor Microenvironment Contributes to Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2871-2880. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van Attekum MH, Eldering E, Kater AP. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells are active participants in microenvironmental cross-talk. Haematologica 2017; 102:1469-1476. [PMID: 28775118 PMCID: PMC5685246 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.142679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is
widely accepted. Nevertheless, the understanding of the complex interplay
between the various types of bystander cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
cells is incomplete. Numerous studies have indicated that bystander cells
provide chronic lymphocytic leukemia-supportive functions, but it has also
become clear that chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells actively engage in the
formation of a supportive tumor microenvironment through several cross-talk
mechanisms. In this review, we describe how chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
participate in this interplay by inducing migration and tumor-supportive
differentiation of bystander cells. Furthermore, chronic lymphocytic
leukemia-mediated alterations in the interactions between bystander cells are
discussed. Upon bystander cell interaction, chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
secrete cytokines and chemokines such as migratory factors [chemokine
(C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2], which result
in further recruitment of T cells but also of monocyte-derived cells. Within the
tumor microenvironment, chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce
differentiation towards a tumor-supportive M2 phenotype of monocyte-derived
cells and suppress phagocytosis, but also induce increased numbers of supportive
regulatory T cells. Like other tumor types, the differentiation of stromal cells
towards supportive cancer-associated fibroblasts is critically dependent on
chronic lymphocytic leukemia-derived factors such as exosomes and
platelet-derived growth factor. Lastly, both chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
bystander cells induce a tolerogenic tumor microenvironment; chronic lymphocytic
leukemia-secreted cytokines, such as interleukin-10, suppress cytotoxic T-cell
functions, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated monocyte-derived cells
contribute to suppression of T-cell function by producing the immune checkpoint
factor, programmed cell death-ligand 1. Deeper understanding of the active
involvement and cross-talk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in shaping the
tumor microenvironment may offer novel clues for designing therapeutic
strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Ha van Attekum
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chen J, Zhang M, Zhou F, Wang J, Niu B, Zhang W. Immunological effects of vaccines combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on a murine WEHI-3 leukemia model. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2323-2329. [PMID: 28454398 PMCID: PMC5403228 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes regulatory T cells (Tregs) from bone marrow into the peripheral blood, by reducing the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). However, G-CSF has rarely been studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy. The present study performed a Transwell migration assay in vitro to determine the contribution of SDF-1α to the migration of leukemia cells, and the effects of G-CSF were evaluated. The effects of G-CSF on SDF-1α and Tregs in the AML microenvironment were examined, by employing a WEHI-3-grafted BALB/c mouse AML model (AML-M4). It is evident that G-CSF reversed immunosuppression of the AML microenvironment by reducing SDF-1α in bone marrow and elevating Tregs in the peripheral blood in in vivo studies. Furthermore, AML mice treated with vaccines combined with G-CSF achieved a longer survival time than those treated with vaccines without G-CSF, showing the efficiency of the regimen. The present study demonstrates the effects of G-CSF on the mobilization of leukemia cells and Tregs into the peripheral blood. In addition, immunotherapy with G-CSF priming represents a promising therapeutic strategy of targeting the immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Chen
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Miling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
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41
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Pardieck IN, Jawahier PA, Swets M, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK. Novel avenues in immunotherapies for colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:465-80. [PMID: 26582071 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1122522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since it is known that the immune system affects tumor growth, it has been studied if immunotherapy can be developed to combat cancer. While some successes have been claimed, the increasing knowledge on tumor-immune interactions has, however, also shown the limitations of this approach. Tumors may show selective outgrowth of cells escaped from immune control. Escape variants arise spontaneously due to the genetically instable nature of tumor cells. This is one of the most obvious limitations of cancer immunotherapy. However, new therapies are becoming available, designed to respond to tumor-immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris N Pardieck
- a Department of Surgery , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla A Jawahier
- a Department of Surgery , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Swets
- a Department of Surgery , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J K Kuppen
- a Department of Surgery , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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42
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Klinger M, Benjamin J, Kischel R, Stienen S, Zugmaier G. Harnessing T cells to fight cancer with BiTE® antibody constructs--past developments and future directions. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:193-208. [PMID: 26864113 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE(®)) antibody constructs represent a novel immunotherapy that bridges cytotoxic T cells to tumor cells, thereby inducing target cell-dependent polyclonal T-cell activation and proliferation, and leading to apoptosis of bound tumor cells. Anti-CD19 BiTE(®) blinatumomab has demonstrated clinical activity in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative relapsed or refractory (r/r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) eventually resulting in conditional approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014. This drug is currently further developed in pediatric and Ph(+) r/r, as well as in minimal residual disease-positive ALL, and might also offer clinical benefit for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially for those with aggressive forms like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Another BiTE(®) antibody construct in hemato-oncology designated AMG 330 targets CD33 on acute myeloid leukemia blast cells. After showing promising ex vivo activity, this drug candidate has recently entered phase 1 clinical development, and has further indicated potential for combination with checkpoint inhibitors. In solid tumor indications, three BiTE(®) antibody constructs have been tested in phase 1 studies so far: anti-EpCAM BiTE(®) AMG 110, anti-CEA BiTE(®) MEDI-565/AMG 211, and anti-PSMA BiTE(®) BAY2010112/AMG 212. Pertinent questions comprise how to maximize BiTE(®) penetration and T-cell infiltration of the tumor while simultaneously minimizing any adverse events, which is currently explored by a continuous intravenous infusion approach. Thus, BiTE(®) antibody constructs will hopefully provide new treatment options for patients in several indications with high unmet medical need.
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43
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Marshall EA, Ng KW, Kung SHY, Conway EM, Martinez VD, Halvorsen EC, Rowbotham DA, Vucic EA, Plumb AW, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KSS, Kennett JY, Bennewith KL, Lockwood WW, Lam S, English JC, Abraham N, Lam WL. Emerging roles of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in lung cancer progression and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:67. [PMID: 27784305 PMCID: PMC5082389 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lung cancer risk factors, including smoking and exposure to environmental carcinogens, have been linked to chronic inflammation. An integral feature of inflammation is the activation, expansion and infiltration of diverse immune cell types, including CD4+ T cells. Within this T cell subset are immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells that act in a fine balance to regulate appropriate adaptive immune responses.In the context of lung cancer, evidence suggests that Tregs promote metastasis and metastatic tumor foci development. Additionally, Th17 cells have been shown to be an integral component of the inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment, and potentially involved in promoting distinct lung tumor phenotypes. Studies have shown that the composition of Tregs and Th17 cells are altered in the tumor microenvironment, and that these two CD4+ T cell subsets play active roles in promoting lung cancer progression and metastasis.We review current knowledge on the influence of Treg and Th17 cells on lung cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential biological and clinical implications of the balance among Treg/Th17 cells in the context of the lung tumor microenvironment and highlight the potential prognostic function and relationship to metastasis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin W Ng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,British Columbia Cancer Research Centre Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Emma M Conway
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Halvorsen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David A Rowbotham
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily A Vucic
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adam W Plumb
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Katey S S Enfield
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y Kennett
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William W Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John C English
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,British Columbia Cancer Research Centre Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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44
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Canossi A, Aureli A, Del Beato T, Rossi P, Franceschilli L, De Sanctis F, Sileri P, di Lorenzo N, Buonomo O, Lauro D, Venditti A, Sconocchia G. Role of KIR and CD16A genotypes in colorectal carcinoma genetic risk and clinical stage. J Transl Med 2016; 14:239. [PMID: 27519478 PMCID: PMC4983069 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NK cell cytotoxicity is regulated by the types of the interaction between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands on target cells and the different binding affinity of the Fcγ receptor IIIA (CD16A) for IgG-coated tumor cells. Thus, it is conceivable that KIR and CD16A gene contents may contribute to the function of NK cells by modulating an immune response in the colorectal carcinoma (CRC) microenvironment. This hypothesis is supported by recent evidence suggesting that NK cells improve the clinical course of CRC patients by enhancing the anti-CRC effect of CD8 + T cells. This information provides the rationale to test the hypothesis whether the independent KIR segregation and specificity, as well as CD16A gene polymorphisms, have an impact on CRC. Methods Using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and sequence-based typing (SBT), we investigated KIR/HLA-C complex and CD16A (48H/R/L,158V/F) gene polymorphisms in 52 CRC patients and 61 local healthy controls (LCTRs). Results The allele frequency (AF) of at least five activating KIR (aKIRs) of the B haplotype (p = 0.036, OR 0.204), KIR2DL2 (p = 0.047, OR 0.2616), and KIR2DS2 genes (5.8 vs LCTR 13.8 % and vs. Fasano’s CTR 16.3 %, p = 0.05, OR 0.3145), in the absence of their cognate HLA-C1 ligands, were significantly associated with a reduced genetic risk of CRC. In contrast, CD16A-48H polymorphism was positively associated with an increased genetic risk of CRC (p = 0.05, OR 2.761). The latter was also found to be correlated with advanced stages of disease [III and IV (p = 0.03, OR 3.625)]. Conclusions Our data suggest that the analysis of aKIRs and KIR2DL2 gene and CD16A-48H may be of interest for the identification of individuals at reduced and increased genetic risk of CRC, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1001-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Canossi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, L'Aquila, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Aureli
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, L'Aquila, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Del Beato
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, L'Aquila, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Franceschilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio De Sanctis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sileri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola di Lorenzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, L'Aquila, Rome, Italy.
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45
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Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Role and Therapeutic Targeting. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4030028. [PMID: 27509527 PMCID: PMC5041022 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen significant efforts in understanding and modulating the immune response in cancer. In this context, immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), have come under intense investigation for their proposed roles in suppressing tumor-specific immune responses and establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thus enabling tumor immune evasion. Additionally, recent evidence indicates that Tregs comprise diverse and heterogeneous subsets; phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of tumor-infiltrating Tregs could contribute differently to cancer prognosis and clinical outcomes. Understanding Treg biology in the setting of cancer, and specifically the tumor microenvironment, is important for designing effective cancer therapies. In this review, we critically examine the role of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and in cancer progression focusing on human studies. We also discuss the impact of current therapeutic modalities on Treg biology and the therapeutic opportunities for targeting Tregs to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and clinical benefits.
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46
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Halvorsen EC, Hamilton MJ, Young A, Wadsworth BJ, LePard NE, Lee HN, Firmino N, Collier JL, Bennewith KL. Maraviroc decreases CCL8-mediated migration of CCR5(+) regulatory T cells and reduces metastatic tumor growth in the lungs. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1150398. [PMID: 27471618 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1150398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial physiological role in the regulation of immune homeostasis, although recent data suggest Tregs can contribute to primary tumor growth by suppressing antitumor immune responses. Tregs may also influence the development of tumor metastases, although there is a paucity of information regarding the phenotype and function of Tregs in metastatic target organs. Herein, we demonstrate that orthotopically implanted metastatic mammary tumors induce significant Treg accumulation in the lungs, which is a site of mammary tumor metastasis. Tregs in the primary tumor and metastatic lungs express high levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) relative to Tregs in the mammary fat pad and lungs of tumor-free mice, and Tregs in the metastatic lungs are enriched for CCR5 expression in comparison to other immune cell populations. We also identify that C-C chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8), an endogenous ligand of CCR5, is produced by F4/80(+) macrophages in the lungs of mice with metastatic primary tumors. Migration of Tregs toward CCL8 ex vivo is reduced in the presence of the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc. Importantly, treatment of mice with Maraviroc (MVC) reduces the level of CCR5(+) Tregs and metastatic tumor burden in the lungs. This work provides evidence of a CCL8/CCR5 signaling axis driving Treg recruitment to the lungs of mice bearing metastatic primary tumors, representing a potential therapeutic target to decrease Treg accumulation and metastatic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Halvorsen
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M J Hamilton
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Young
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B J Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N E LePard
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H N Lee
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N Firmino
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J L Collier
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K L Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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47
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Jóźwicki W, Brożyna AA, Siekiera J, Slominski AT. Frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in peripheral blood in relation to urinary bladder cancer malignancy indicators before and after surgical removal. Oncotarget 2016; 7:11450-62. [PMID: 26862849 PMCID: PMC4905485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells communicate with stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), to form microenvironment inhibiting immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) stimulate immune tolerance and facilitate tumor progression. We analyzed the changes in Treg frequencies assessed using flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of patients with urothelial bladder cancer before and after tumor-removal. Changes in Treg frequency were investigated in relation to clinicopathomorphological indicators of tumor malignancy and expression of RCAS1 on CAFs and TAMs. Higher Treg frequencies were observed in early phase of tumor growth (pTa-pT2), in larger tumors, with more aggressive type of invasion, and with expression of RCAS1. The later phase of tumor development, accompanied by a nonclassic differentiations and pT3-pT4 advancement, had lower number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and lower Treg frequency. Furthermore, in pT2-pT4 tumors, a decreased post-surgery Treg frequency was associated with poorer prognosis: patients with the lowest frequency of Tregs died first. These findings strongly suggest that the Treg frequencies at later phase of tumor growth, associated with a low anti-tumor response, represent a new and important prognostic indicator in urinary bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jóźwicki
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Jerzy Siekiera
- Department of Urology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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48
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Shuai X, Wei-min L, Tong YL, Dong N, Sheng ZY, Yao YM. Expression of IL-37 contributes to the immunosuppressive property of human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14478. [PMID: 26411375 PMCID: PMC4585986 DOI: 10.1038/srep14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-37 (IL-37) possesses the function of down-regulate systemic and local inflammation. It is unknown whether IL-37 is expressed in human regulatory T cells (Tregs) and its role in modulating the immune response of Tregs. In the present study, cell surface molecules and secretory cytokines were analyzed in order to determine the function of IL-37 in regulating inhibitory effect of human CD4+CD25+Tregs. Meanwhile, the effects of IL-37 on T cell differentiation and proliferation as co-culture of CD4+CD25+Treg/CD4+CD25−T cell were also investigated. It was showed that IL-37 was expressed in cytoplasm of CD4+CD25+Tregs, and the levels of IL-37 were gradually elevated with the enhanced activity of CD4+CD25+Tregs. Secretory cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10, and expressions of cell surface molecules, including forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (FOXP3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4, were significantly decreased when IL-37 gene was silenced by siRNA. Furthermore, down-regulation of IL-37 expression in human CD4+CD25+Tregs obviously promoted proliferation of co-cultured T cell and differentiation, together with observably enhancement of IL-2 formation. These results demonstrated that IL-37 might manifest as a critical protein involving in immunosuppression of human CD4+CD25+Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shuai
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Wei-min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ya-lin Tong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the 181st Hospital of Chinese PLA, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-yong Sheng
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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49
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Targeting the Immune System for Cancer Therapy: Lessons for Perioperative Management? CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-015-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Almendros I, Gileles-Hillel A, Khalyfa A, Wang Y, Zhang SX, Carreras A, Farré R, Gozal D. Adipose tissue macrophage polarization by intermittent hypoxia in a mouse model of OSA: effect of tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:233-9. [PMID: 25779675 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induces alterations in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are associated with adverse cancer outcomes, as reported in patients suffering from sleep apnea. Adipose tissues (AT) and bone-marrow (BM)-derived cells are the inferred sources of macrophages infiltrating malignant tumors. Here, the sources of TAMs and the phenotypic changes induced by IH in the ipsilateral and contralateral AT were investigated by using a syngeneic murine solid tumor model (TC1). C57/B6 male mice were exposed to either IH or room air (RA) for 6 weeks, with TC1 cells being inoculated in the 2nd week. Macrophage content, phenotype and tissue origin were assessed in tumors, and ipsilateral and contralateral AT. IH induced a ~2.2-fold increase in TAM tumor infiltration. However, differential responses in the tumor ipsilateral and contralateral AT emerged: IH increased infiltration of preferentially M1 macrophages in contralateral AT, while reductions in macrophages emerged in ipsilateral AT and primarily consisted of the M2 phenotype. These changes were accompanied by reciprocal increases in resident and BM-derived TAMs in the tumor. IH-induced phenotypic alterations in AT macrophages surrounding the tumor and their increased infiltration within the tumor may contribute to the accelerated tumor progression associated with IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Almendros
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shelley X Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alba Carreras
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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