1
|
Dapprich AL, Becker ES, Derks LM, Legenbauer T, Lange WG. Specific interpretation biases as a function of social anxiety and callous-unemotional traits in a community and a clinical adolescent sample. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:46. [PMID: 37004075 PMCID: PMC10064950 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Threatening and hostile interpretation biases are seen as causal and maintaining mechanisms of childhood anxiety and aggression, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these interpretation biases are specific to distinct problems or whether they are general psychopathological phenomena. The specificity versus pervasiveness of interpretation biases could also differ depending on mental health status. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether social anxiety and callous-unemotional (CU) traits were uniquely related to threatening and hostile interpretation biases, respectively, in both a community and a clinical sample of adolescents. METHODS A total of 161 adolescents between 10 to 15 years of age participated. The community sample consisted of 88 participants and the clinical sample consisted of 73 inpatients with a variety of psychological disorders. Social anxiety and CU-traits were assessed with self-report questionnaires. The Ambiguous Social Scenario Task was used to measure both threatening and hostile interpretations in response to written vignettes. RESULTS Results showed that social anxiety was uniquely related to more threatening interpretations, while CU-traits were uniquely related to more hostile interpretations. These relationships were replicated for the community sample. For the clinical sample, only the link between social anxiety and threatening interpretations was significant. Explorative analyses showed that adolescents with externalizing disorders scored higher on hostile interpretations than adolescents with internalizing disorders. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results support the content-specificity of threatening interpretation biases in social anxiety and of hostile interpretation biases in CU-traits. Better understanding the roles of interpretation biases in different psychopathologies might open avenues for tailored prevention and intervention paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Dapprich
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M Derks
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- LWL-University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL-University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolf-Gero Lange
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Indirect aggression, anxiety, and empathy: Disaggregating between and within person longitudinal associations during childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:228-240. [PMID: 34937607 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although indirectly aggressive behavior and anxiety symptoms can co-occur, it is unclear whether anxiety is an antecedent or outcome of indirect aggression at the individual level and whether other personality traits can contribute to these longitudinal associations. Therefore, the between- and within-person associations among indirect aggression, anxiety symptoms, and empathic concern were examined across adolescence from ages 11 to 16 in a cohort of individuals followed annually (N = 700; 52.9% girls; 76.0% White) controlling for direct aggression and demographic variables. Results of autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals supported an acting out model at the within-person level. Specifically, anxiety symptoms positively predicted indirect aggression and indirect aggression negatively predicted empathic concern at each adjacent time point. These findings suggest that methods of reducing worries about the self and increasing healthy self-confidence could prevent indirect aggression and help build concern and compassion toward others.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheung RYM, Chan SKC, Chui H, Chan WM, Ngai SYS. Enhancing Parental Well-being: Initial Efficacy of a 21-Day Online Self-help Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Parents. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2812-2826. [PMID: 36248240 PMCID: PMC9540077 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Parental self-care is extremely important in the face of stress throughout parenthood. A 21-day online mindfulness-based intervention was developed that was aimed at enhancing parental well-being. The present study evaluated this intervention by examining its initial efficacy on parents’ mindfulness, parenting stress, subjective well-being, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods Participants were 273 parents (90.11% mothers) who were randomly assigned to the 21-day mindfulness-based intervention group (n = 136) or waitlist control group (n = 137). Pre-intervention assessment, immediate post-intervention assessment, and 30-day follow-up assessment were conducted to assess parents’ mindfulness, parenting stress, subjective well-being, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results Linear mixed models indicated that the group × time effects on subjective well-being, anxiety symptoms, and mindfulness were significant, after controlling for sex, age, education, income, habit of mindfulness practice, hours of weekly mindfulness practice, and diagnostic history of psychiatric disorder. Follow-up analyses indicated that compared to baseline, participants from the intervention group reported significantly greater subjective well-being and mindfulness, and fewer symptoms of anxiety than did those from the waitlist control group. The group × time effects on parenting stress and depressive symptoms were non-significant. Exploratory findings further suggested practicality and perceived acceptability of the intervention. Conclusions This study showed initial efficacy of a 21-day online mindfulness-based intervention on parents’ subjective well-being, anxiety symptoms, and mindfulness. The findings inform researchers and practitioners about the utility of a brief mindfulness-based intervention in promotion parental well-being. Other areas of feasibility warrant future investigation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Klein-Tasman BP, Yund BD, Mervis CB. The Behavioral Phenotype of 7q11.23 Duplication Syndrome Includes Risk for Oppositional Behavior and Aggression. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e390-e398. [PMID: 35580312 PMCID: PMC9329151 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 7q11.23 duplication syndrome (Dup7) is a genetic disorder with a variable phenotype associated with cognitive and behavioral characteristics including a high incidence of expressive language difficulties, social anxiety, and oppositional or disruptive behavior. Correlates of aggression and oppositionality were examined. METHOD Participants were 63 children with genetically confirmed Dup7 between the ages of 4 and 17 years. A multimethod, multi-informant approach was used to assess aggression and oppositional behavior, and the contributions of cognitive functioning, expressive language, autism spectrum, social anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptomatology were considered. RESULTS Elevated levels of aggression and oppositional behavior were found. Cognitive functioning, expressive language, and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology were not significantly related to parent ratings of aggression, although young children who had language and nonverbal cognitive delays were most likely to demonstrate examiner-observed aggression. Social anxiety and H/I symptomatology were related to defiant/aggressive and oppositional behavior. CONCLUSION Genes in the 7q11.23 region duplicated in Dup7, in transaction with the environment, may contribute to aggressive and oppositional behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brianna D Yund
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Carolyn B Mervis
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cham TH, Cheng BL, Lee YH, Cheah JH. Should I buy or not? Revisiting the concept and measurement of panic buying. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-21. [PMID: 35431524 PMCID: PMC9006072 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Following various precautionary measures as executed by the government to curb the transmission of COVID-19, erratic changes in the form of temporary lockdowns and movement restrictions have created an emergency phenomenon-panic buying. While such consequence has emerged as a timely and relevant topic, reviewed literature indicate an apparent oversight for portraying panic buying through the perspectives of impulsive and compulsive consumptions. Given the gap in the association between panic buying and consumers' emotional aspects within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aspires to develop a contemporary measurement that accurately defines panic buying as a research variable. A combined methodology was hereby adopted, with the employment of qualitative inquiries towards the scale development of panic buying. Following this, quantitative data as collected from a total sample of 600 respondents through an online survey was analysed via both SPSS and AMOS statistical software towards scale assessment and hypothesis testing. Obtained findings uncovered the direct significance of both personal (fear, perceived risk, and perceived scarcity) and social (word-of-mouth and social media) factors on panic buying during the pandemic, whilst having indirect significance on the ensuing post-purchase regret. Impulsivity was further confirmed to exert a substantial moderating impact on the correlation between panic consumption and post-purchase emotional distress. Implications of the study are ultimately discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tat-Huei Cham
- UCSI Graduate Business School, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Liat Cheng
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Heng Lee
- Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jun-Hwa Cheah
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sanader AA, Petrović JR, Bačanac L, Ivković I, Petrović IB, Knežević OM. Competitive trait anxiety and general self-esteem of athletes according to the sport type and gender. PRIMENJENA PSIHOLOGIJA 2021. [DOI: 10.19090/pp.2021.3.277-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, anxiety has been interpreted as a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, fret, uncertainty and vague fear which could have an adverse effect on sports achievement. On the other hand, sport type and its specific nature and demands, may also be connected with the level of state and trait anxiety. This study aimed to investigate potential differences in the competitive trait anxiety level and general self-esteem according to gender in sports of different contact level. The sample consisted of 1024 (590 males and 434 females) young athletes. Independent variables were sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) and gender. Dependent variables were measured by the adjusted versions of Sport Competition Anxiety Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Basic descriptive statistics was calculated for all the groups, and the differences between them were established using χ² test and MANOVA. The results suggest significant differences in trait competitive anxiety per sport type, gender and their interaction, and no differences in the general self-esteem level. The current study reveals that not only the intensity but also the intergroup relationship of a sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) is gender determined. These findings are important in psycho-diagnostic procedure and choosing appropriate coping strategies for athletes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Discrepancy Analysis of Emerging Adult and Parental Report of Psychological Problems and Relationship Quality. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
8
|
Bahtiyar B, Gençöz T. The association between perceived parenting and adulthood anxiety: The mediator roles of emotion regulation, shame and anger. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
9
|
Lochman JE, Vernberg E, Glenn A, Jarrett M, McDonald K, Powell NP, Abel M, Boxmeyer CL, Kassing F, Qu L, Romero D, Bui C. Effects of Autonomic Nervous System Functioning and Tornado Exposure on Long-Term Outcomes of Aggressive Children. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:471-489. [PMID: 33433778 PMCID: PMC7987880 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether pre-disaster indicators of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity moderated the relation between degree of disaster exposure from an EF-4 tornado and changes in the externalizing and internalizing behavior problems of children at-risk for aggression. Participants included 188 children in 4th-6th grades (65% male; 78% African American; ages 9-13) and their parents from predominantly low-income households who were participating in a prevention study when the tornado occurred in 2011. Fourth-grade children who exhibited elevated levels of aggressive behavior were recruited in three annual cohorts. Parent-rated externalizing and internalizing problems were assessed prior to the tornado (Wave 1; W1), and at 4-12 months (W2), 16-24 months (W3), 42-28 months (W4) and 56-60 months (W5) post-tornado. Children's pre-tornado Skin Conductance Level (SCL) reactivity and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) withdrawal were assessed at W1 using SCL and RSA measured during resting baseline and during the first 5 min of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Children and parents reported their exposure to tornado-related trauma and disruptions at Wave 3. Children displayed less reduction in externalizing problems if there had been higher child- or parent-reported tornado exposure and less RSA withdrawal, or if they had lower parent-reported TORTE and less SCL reactivity or lower SCL baseline. Highlighting the importance of children's pre-disaster arousal, higher levels of disaster exposure negatively affected children's level of improvement in externalizing problems when children had less vagal withdrawal, and when tornado exposure disrupted the protective effects of higher SCL reactivity and higher SCL baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lixin Qu
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Devon Romero
- University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, San Antonio, USA
| | - Chuong Bui
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Latent Profiles of Anxious Children and Their Differences in Aggressive Behavior. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children tend to develop forms of anxiety that can be associated with school violence. However, the previous scientific literature on anxiety and aggression is scarce. In addition, it has only focused on examining differential relationships between both variables. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between three forms of anxiety (anticipatory anxiety, school-based performance anxiety, and generalized anxiety) and the components of aggression (physical and verbal aggression, anger, and hostility) by adopting a person-centered approach. The sample consisted of 1161 Spanish students from 8 to 11 years old (M = 9.72, SD = 1.14); 46.2% were boys. Informed written consent from the parents or legal guardians was obtained. The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety—Revised and the Aggression Questionnaire were used. The latent profile analysis technique identified three profiles of anxious children: Low Anxiety, High School-based Performance Anxiety, and High Anxiety. The High Anxiety group scored significantly higher than the Low Anxiety group in all components of aggression, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large (d = 0.59 to 0.99). The High Anxiety profile showed significantly higher scores than the high school-based performance anxiety profile only in anger (d = 0.56) and hostility (d = 0.44). The results have relevant implications for practice, since there is evidence that different intervention strategies should be applied according to the risk profile.
Collapse
|
11
|
Aggression and anxiety trait level of young male contact and noncontact athletes. ACTA GYMNICA 2020. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
12
|
Grossman RA, Ehrenreich-May J. Using the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders With Youth Exhibiting Anger and Irritability. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Crum KI, Cornacchio D, Coxe S, Green JG, Comer JS. A latent profile analysis of co-occurring youth posttraumatic stress and conduct problems following community trauma. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:3638-3649. [PMID: 31824130 PMCID: PMC6904109 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although most research with youth exposed to violent manmade disasters has focused on internalizing problems, recent work suggests conduct problems (CPs) may also manifest in exposed youth. However, the extent to which youth postevent CPs present independently, versus co-present in conjunction with PTSD symptoms, remains unclear. The present study examined PTS and CP symptom profiles among affected Boston-area youth following the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing. This study used latent profile analysis to identify distinct PTS and CP symptom profiles among Boston-area youth ages 4-19 years (N=344) affected by the Boston Marathon bombing events. PTS and CPs were measured using the UCLA-PTSD-RI and the SDQ parent reports, respectively. Analyses identified 3 distinct profiles: presentations characterized by (a) low PTS, low CPs, (b) moderate PTS, low CPs, and (c) high PTS, elevated CPs. The profile characterized by the highest PTS was the only profile with elevated CPs; hyperarousal and emotional numbing/avoidance symptoms showed the greatest distinguishing properties among profiles with and without elevated CP. Types of traumatic exposure experienced by youth were differentially associated with profiles. Specifically, direct (but not relational) exposure distinguished youth classified in the profile showing elevated CPs. Findings suggest interventions following violent manmade disasters may do well to incorporate CP modules when working with youth showing the greatest hyperarousal and emotional numbing, and/or who have directly witnessed the most violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I Crum
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center; 67 President St, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29414
| | | | - Stefany Coxe
- Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami, FL
| | | | - Jonathan S Comer
- Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami, FL
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grácio J, Gonçalves-Pereira M, Leff J. Key Elements of a Family Intervention for Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Analysis of an RCT. FAMILY PROCESS 2018; 57:100-112. [PMID: 27896805 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex biopsychosocial condition in which expressed emotion in family members is a robust predictor of relapse. Not surprisingly, family interventions are remarkably effective and thus recommended in current treatment guidelines. Their key elements seem to be common therapeutic factors, followed by education and coping skills training. However, few studies have explored these key elements and the process of the intervention itself. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the records from a pioneering family intervention trial addressing expressed emotion, published by Leff and colleagues four decades ago. Records were analyzed into categories and data explored using descriptive statistics. This was complemented by a narrative evaluation using an inductive approach based on emotional markers and markers of change. The most used strategies in the intervention were addressing needs, followed by coping skills enhancement, advice, and emotional support. Dealing with overinvolvement and reframing were the next most frequent. Single-family home sessions seemed to augment the therapeutic work conducted in family groups. Overall the intervention seemed to promote cognitive and emotional change in the participants, and therapists were sensitive to the emotional trajectory of each subject. On the basis of our findings, we developed a longitudinal framework for better understanding the process of this treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Grácio
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Psiquiátrica de S. José, Sisters Hospitallers, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julian Leff
- King's College London, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmed SP, Somerville LH, Sebastian CL. Using temporal distancing to regulate emotion in adolescence: modulation by reactive aggression. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:812-826. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1358698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - L. H. Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C. L. Sebastian
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews youth outcomes following exposure to natural disaster, with a focus on three relatively understudied outcomes: externalizing behavior problems, physical health, and posttraumatic growth. Recent, high-impact studies focusing on each outcome are summarized. RECENT FINDINGS Studies highlighted in this review utilize innovative and comprehensive approaches to improve our current understanding of youth broad-based physical and mental health outcomes beyond PTSD. The review concludes with recommendations to advance the field of youth disaster research by exploring how disasters may impact children across multiple domains, as well as using cutting edge ecobiological approaches and advanced modeling strategies to better understand how youth adjust and thrive following natural disaster.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zinzow HM, Jeffirs SM. Driving Aggression and Anxiety: Intersections, Assessment, and Interventions. J Clin Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Lochman JE, Vernberg E, Powell NP, Boxmeyer CL, Jarrett M, McDonald K, Qu L, Hendrickson M, Kassing F. Pre-Post Tornado Effects on Aggressive Children's Psychological and Behavioral Adjustment Through One-Year Postdisaster. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2017; 46:136-149. [PMID: 27841691 PMCID: PMC5296373 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1228460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Using a risk-resilience framework, this study examined how varying levels of exposure to a natural disaster (EF-4 tornado) and children's characteristics (sex; anxiety) influenced the behavioral and psychological adjustment of children who shared a common risk factor predisaster (elevated aggression) prior to exposure through 1-year postdisaster. Participants included 360 children in Grades 4-6 (65% male; 78% African American) and their parents from predominantly low-income households who were already participating in a longitudinal study of indicated prevention effects for externalizing outcomes when the tornado occurred in 2011. Fourth-grade children who were screened for overt aggressive behavior were recruited in 3 annual cohorts (120 per year, beginning in 2009). Parent-rated aggression and internalizing problems were assessed prior to the tornado (Wave 1), within a half-year after the tornado (Wave 2), and at a 1-year follow-up (Wave 3). Children and parents rated their exposure to aspects of tornado-related traumatic experiences at Wave 3. Children displayed less reduction on aggression and internalizing problems if the children had experienced distress after the tornado or fears for their life, in combination with their pre-tornado level of anxiety. Higher levels of children's and parents' exposure to the tornado interacted with children's lower baseline child anxiety to predict less reduction in aggression and internalizing problems 1 year after the tornado. Higher levels of disaster exposure negatively affected at-risk children's level of improvement in aggression and internalizing problems, when life threat (parent- and child-reported) and child-reported distress after the tornado were moderated by baseline anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caroline L Boxmeyer
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine , The University of Alabama
| | | | | | - Lixin Qu
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Alabama
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coid JW, Ullrich S, Kallis C, Freestone M, Gonzalez R, Bui L, Igoumenou A, Constantinou A, Fenton N, Marsh W, Yang M, DeStavola B, Hu J, Shaw J, Doyle M, Archer-Power L, Davoren M, Osumili B, McCrone P, Barrett K, Hindle D, Bebbington P. Improving risk management for violence in mental health services: a multimethods approach. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMental health professionals increasingly carry out risk assessments to prevent future violence by their patients. However, there are problems with accuracy and these assessments do not always translate into successful risk management.ObjectivesOur aim was to improve the accuracy of assessment and identify risk factors that are causal to be targeted by clinicians to ensure good risk management. Our objectives were to investigate key risks at the population level, construct new static and dynamic instruments, test validity and construct new models of risk management using Bayesian networks.Methods and resultsWe utilised existing data sets from two national and commissioned a survey to identify risk factors at the population level. We confirmed that certain mental health factors previously thought to convey risk were important in future assessments and excluded others from subsequent parts of the study. Using a first-episode psychosis cohort, we constructed a risk assessment instrument for men and women and showed important sex differences in pathways to violence. We included a 1-year follow-up of patients discharged from medium secure services and validated a previously developed risk assessment guide, the Medium Security Recidivism Assessment Guide (MSRAG). We found that it is essential to combine ratings from static instruments such as the MSRAG with dynamic risk factors. Static levels of risk have important modifying effects on dynamic risk factors for their effects on violence and we further demonstrated this using a sample of released prisoners to construct risk assessment instruments for violence, robbery, drugs and acquisitive convictions. We constructed a preliminary instrument including dynamic risk measures and validated this in a second large data set of released prisoners. Finally, we incorporated findings from the follow-up of psychiatric patients discharged from medium secure services and two samples of released prisoners to construct Bayesian models to guide clinicians in risk management.ConclusionsRisk factors for violence identified at the population level, including paranoid delusions and anxiety disorder, should be integrated in risk assessments together with established high-risk psychiatric morbidity such as substance misuse and antisocial personality disorder. The incorporation of dynamic factors resulted in improved accuracy, especially when combined in assessments using actuarial measures to obtain levels of risk using static factors. It is important to continue developing dynamic risk and protective measures with the aim of identifying factors that are causally related to violence. Only causal factors should be targeted in violence prevention interventions. Bayesian networks show considerable promise in developing software for clinicians to identify targets for intervention in the field. The Bayesian models developed in this programme are at the prototypical stage and require further programmer development into applications for use on tablets. These should be further tested in the field and then compared with structured professional judgement in a randomised controlled trial in terms of their effectiveness in preventing future violence.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Coid
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simone Ullrich
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Constantinos Kallis
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark Freestone
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rafael Gonzalez
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laura Bui
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Artemis Igoumenou
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Constantinou
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Risk and Information Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Norman Fenton
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Risk and Information Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - William Marsh
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Risk and Information Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Min Yang
- West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bianca DeStavola
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Junmei Hu
- Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jenny Shaw
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mike Doyle
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Archer-Power
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary Davoren
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Osumili
- Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
| | - Paul McCrone
- Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Bebbington
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reciprocal Relationships between Teacher Ratings of
Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents with Different Levels of Cognitive Abilities. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:801-825. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Ne'eman R, Perach-Barzilay N, Fischer-Shofty M, Atias A, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Intranasal administration of oxytocin increases human aggressive behavior. Horm Behav 2016; 80:125-131. [PMID: 26862988 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Considering its role in prosocial behaviors, oxytocin (OT) has been suggested to diminish levels of aggression. Nevertheless, recent findings indicate that oxytocin may have a broader influence on increasing the salience of social stimuli and may therefore, under certain circumstances, increase antisocial behaviors such as aggression. This controversy led to the following speculations: If indeed oxytocin promotes primarily prosocial behavior, administration of OT is expected to diminish levels of aggression. However, if oxytocin mainly acts to increase the salience of social stimuli, it is expected to elevate levels of aggression following provocation. In order to test this assumption we used the Social Orientation Paradigm (SOP), a monetary game played against a fictitious partner that allows measuring three types of responses in the context of provocation: an aggressive response - reducing a point from the fictitious partner, an individualistic response - adding a point to oneself, and a collaborative response - adding half a point to the partner and half a point to oneself. In the current double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study design, 45 participants completed the SOP task following the administration of oxytocin or placebo. The results indicated that among subjects naïve to the procedure oxytocin increased aggressive responses in comparison with placebo. These results support the saliency hypothesis of oxytocin and suggest that oxytocin plays a complex role in the modulation of human behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ne'eman
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel.
| | | | | | - A Atias
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meeus W, Van de Schoot R, Hawk ST, Hale WW, Branje S. Direct Aggression and Generalized Anxiety in Adolescence: Heterogeneity in Development and Intra-Individual Change. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:361-75. [PMID: 26649744 PMCID: PMC4712217 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Co-occurrence of aggression and anxiety might change during adolescence, or stay stable. We studied change and stability of four types of co-occurrence regarding direct aggression and anxiety in adolescence: an anxious and non-aggressive type, an aggressive and non-anxious type, a comorbid aggressive-anxious type and a no problems type. We applied a person-centered approach to assess increases and decreases of these types, and tested various models of intra-individual change of the types: the stability, acting out and failure models. We used data from a five-wave study of 923 early-to-middle and 390 middle-to-late adolescents (48.5 % male), thereby covering the ages of 12-20. We observed accelerated development in the older cohort: adolescents tended to grow faster out of the aggressive types in middle-to-late adolescence than in early-to-middle adolescence. We observed one other group-dependent pattern of heterogeneity in development, namely "gender differentiation": gender differences in aggression and generalized anxiety became stronger over time. We found support for two perspectives on intra-individual change of the four types, namely the stability and the acting out perspective. The no problems--and to a lesser extent the anxious--type proved to be stable across time. Acting out was found in early-to-middle adolescents, males, and adolescents with poorer-quality friendships. In all three groups, there were substantial transitions from the anxious type to the aggressive type during 4 years (between 20 and 41 %). Remarkably, acting out was most prevalent in subgroups that, generally speaking, are more vulnerable for aggressive behavior, namely early-to-middle adolescents and males. We interpret acting out as the attempt of adolescents to switch from anxiety to instrumental aggression, in order to become more visible and obtain an autonomous position in the adolescent world. Acting out contributed to the explanation of accelerated development and gender differentiation. We also observed an increase of adolescents with no problems. These findings highlight that the co-occurrence of aggression and anxiety changes considerably during adolescence, but also that the anxious and no problems types are quite stable in this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Meeus
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Rens Van de Schoot
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Optentia Research Program, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa
| | | | - William W Hale
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carter J, Berman SL, Marsee MA, Weems CF. Identity Exploration, Commitment, and Existential Anxiety as Predictors of the Forms and Functions of Aggression. IDENTITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2013.780975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Scott BG, Lapré GE, Marsee MA, Weems CF. Aggressive behavior and its associations with posttraumatic stress and academic achievement following a natural disaster. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 43:43-50. [PMID: 23795776 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2013.807733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite an abundance of evidence linking maltreatment and violence-related trauma exposure to externalizing problems in youth, there is surprisingly little evidence to support a direct link between disaster exposure and youth aggressive behavior. This study tested the theory that there is primarily an indirect association between disaster exposure and aggression via posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The current study also examined the association between aggression and academic achievement. A sample of 191 4th- to 8th-grade minority youth who experienced Hurricane Katrina were assessed for aggressive behavior using the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS), disaster exposure, PTSD symptoms, and academic achievement. Structural equation modeling of the set of associations was consistent with the theory suggesting that there is an indirect link between disaster exposure and aggression through PTSD symptoms. Aggression was negatively associated with academic achievement, and modeling indicated that the set of associations was age and gender invariant. Findings advance the theoretical understanding of the linkage between aggression and disaster exposure. Findings also support the utility of the PCS in disaster research and the link between PCS scores and academic achievement.
Collapse
|