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Mamy L, Pesce S, Sanchez W, Aviron S, Bedos C, Berny P, Bertrand C, Betoulle S, Charles S, Chaumot A, Coeurdassier M, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Fritsch C, Gonzalez P, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Rault M, Sucré E, Thomas M, Tournebize J, Leenhardt S. Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3. [PMID: 38036909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays, and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds) and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | | | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy‑L'Etoile, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Ifremer, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique (DRAS), 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mickael Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Université d'Avignon, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34200, Sète, France
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marielle Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54000, Nancy, France
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Sarkis N, Geffard O, Souchon Y, Chandesris A, Ferréol M, Valette L, François A, Piffady J, Chaumot A, Villeneuve B. Identifying the impact of toxicity on stream macroinvertebrate communities in a multi-stressor context based on national ecological and ecotoxicological monitoring databases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160179. [PMID: 36395849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In situ bioassays are used to measure the harmful effects induced by mixtures of toxic chemicals in watercourses. In France, national-scale biomonitoring data are available including invertebrate surveys and in-field chemical toxicity measures with caged gammarids to assess environmental toxicity of mixtures of chemicals. The main objective of our study is to present a proof-of-concept approach identifying possible links between in-field chemical toxicity, stressors and the ecological status. We used two active biomonitoring databases comprising lethal toxicity (222 in situ measures of gammarid mortality) and sublethal toxicity (101 in situ measures of feeding inhibition). We measured the ecological status of each active biomonitoring site using the I2M2 metric (macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index), accounted for known stressors of nutrients and organic matter, hydromorphology and chemical toxicity. We observed a negative relationship between stressors (hydromorphology, nutrients and organic matter, and chemical toxicity) and the good ecological status. This relationship was aggravated in watercourses where toxicity indicators were degraded. We validated this hypothesis for instance with nutrients and organic matter like nitrates or hydromorphological conditions like percentage of vegetation on banks. Future international assesments concerning the role of in-field toxic pollution on the ecological status in a multi-stressor context are now possible via the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Sarkis
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Souchon
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | - Adeline François
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérémy Piffady
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Olker JH, Elonen CM, Pilli A, Anderson A, Kinziger B, Erickson S, Skopinski M, Pomplun A, LaLone CA, Russom CL, Hoff D. The ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase: A Curated Database of Ecologically Relevant Toxicity Tests to Support Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1520-1539. [PMID: 35262228 PMCID: PMC9408435 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The need for assembled existing and new toxicity data has accelerated as the amount of chemicals introduced into commerce continues to grow and regulatory mandates require safety assessments for a greater number of chemicals. To address this evolving need, the ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase (ECOTOX) was developed starting in the 1980s and is currently the world's largest compilation of curated ecotoxicity data, providing support for assessments of chemical safety and ecological research through systematic and transparent literature review procedures. The recently released version of ECOTOX (Ver 5, www.epa.gov/ecotox) provides single-chemical ecotoxicity data for over 12,000 chemicals and ecological species with over one million test results from over 50,000 references. Presented is an overview of ECOTOX, detailing the literature review and data curation processes within the context of current systematic review practices and discussing how recent updates improve the accessibility and reusability of data to support the assessment, management, and research of environmental chemicals. Relevant and acceptable toxicity results are identified from studies in the scientific literature, with pertinent methodological details and results extracted following well-established controlled vocabularies and newly extracted toxicity data added quarterly to the public website. Release of ECOTOX, Ver 5, included an entirely redesigned user interface with enhanced data queries and retrieval options, visualizations to aid in data exploration, customizable outputs for export and use in external applications, and interoperability with chemical and toxicity databases and tools. This is a reliable source of curated ecological toxicity data for chemical assessments and research and continues to evolve with accessible and transparent state-of-the-art practices in literature data curation and increased interoperability to other relevant resources. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1520-1539. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Olker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
- Corresponding author: USEPA, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA, . Tel: 218-529-5119
| | - Colleen M. Elonen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Anne Pilli
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Arne Anderson
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Brian Kinziger
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Stephen Erickson
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Michael Skopinski
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Anita Pomplun
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Christine L. Russom
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Dale Hoff
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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4
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Waite IR, Van Metre PC, Moran PW, Konrad CP, Nowell LH, Meador MR, Munn MD, Schmidt TS, Gellis AC, Carlisle DM, Bradley PM, Mahler BJ. Multiple in-stream stressors degrade biological assemblages in five U.S. regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149350. [PMID: 34399326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological assemblages in streams are affected by a wide variety of physical and chemical stressors associated with land-use development, yet the importance of combinations of different types of stressors is not well known. From 2013 to 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey completed multi-stressor/multi-assemblage stream ecological assessments in five regions of the United States (434 streams total). Diatom, invertebrate, and fish communities were enumerated, and five types of potential stressors were quantified: habitat disturbance, excess nutrients, high flows, basic water quality, and contaminants in water and sediment. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models for each biological assemblage and region generally included variables from all five stressor types and multiple stressors types in each model was the norm. Classification and regression tree (CART) models then were used to determine thresholds for each BRT model variable above which there appeared to be adverse effects (multi-metric index (MMI) models only). In every region and assemblage there was a significant inverse relation between the MMI and the number of stressors exerting potentially adverse effects. The number of elevated instream stressors often varied substantially for a given level of land-use development and the number of elevated stressors was a better predictor of biological condition than was development. Using the adverse effects-levels that were developed based on the BRT model results, 68% of the streams had two or more stressors with potentially adverse effects and 35% had four or more. Our results indicate that relatively small increases in the number of stressors of different types can have a large effect on a stream ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Waite
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Water Science Center, Austin, TX 78754, USA
| | - Patrick W Moran
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Chris P Konrad
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Lisa H Nowell
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Mike R Meador
- U.S. Geological Survey, Headquarters, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Mark D Munn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Water Science Center, Helena, MT 59601, USA
| | - Allen C Gellis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA
| | - Daren M Carlisle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Water Science Center, Columbia 29210, USA
| | - Barbara J Mahler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Water Science Center, Austin, TX 78754, USA
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5
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Hébert MP, Fugère V, Beisner BE, Barbosa da Costa N, Barrett RDH, Bell G, Shapiro BJ, Yargeau V, Gonzalez A, Fussmann GF. Widespread agrochemicals differentially affect zooplankton biomass and community structure. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02423. [PMID: 34288209 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change is causing habitat deterioration at unprecedented rates in freshwater ecosystems. Despite increasing more rapidly than many other agents of global change, synthetic chemical pollution-including agrochemicals such as pesticides-has received relatively little attention in freshwater community and ecosystem ecology. Determining the combined effects of multiple agrochemicals on complex biological systems remains a major challenge, requiring a cross-field integration of ecology and ecotoxicology. Using a large-scale array of experimental ponds, we investigated the response of zooplankton community properties (biomass, composition, and diversity metrics) to the individual and joint presence of three globally widespread agrochemicals: the herbicide glyphosate, the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, and nutrient fertilizers. We tracked temporal variation in zooplankton biomass and community structure along single and combined pesticide gradients (each spanning eight levels), under low (mesotrophic) and high (eutrophic) nutrient-enriched conditions, and quantified (1) response threshold concentrations, (2) agrochemical interactions, and (3) community resistance and recovery. We found that the biomass of major zooplankton groups differed in their sensitivity to pesticides: ≥0.3 mg/L glyphosate elicited long-lasting declines in rotifer communities, both pesticides impaired copepods (≥3 µg/L imidacloprid and ≥5.5 mg/L glyphosate), whereas some cladocerans were highly tolerant to pesticide contamination. Strong interactive effects of pesticides were only recorded in ponds treated with the combination of the highest doses. Overall, glyphosate was the most influential driver of aggregate community properties of zooplankton, with biomass and community structure responding rapidly but recovering unequally over time. Total community biomass showed little resistance when first exposed to glyphosate, but rapidly recovered and even increased with glyphosate concentration over time; in contrast, taxon richness decreased in more contaminated ponds but failed to recover. Our results indicate that the biomass of tolerant taxa compensated for the loss of sensitive species after the first exposure, conferring greater community resistance upon a subsequent contamination event; a case of pollution-induced community tolerance in freshwater animals. These findings suggest that zooplankton biomass may be more resilient to agrochemical pollution than community structure; yet all community properties measured in this study were affected at glyphosate concentrations below common water quality guidelines in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Hébert
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3V8, Canada
| | - Vincent Fugère
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3V8, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Département des Sciences de L'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3V8, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Naíla Barbosa da Costa
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Graham Bell
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Gregor F Fussmann
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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6
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Barbosa da Costa N, Fugère V, Hébert MP, Xu CCY, Barrett RDH, Beisner BE, Bell G, Yargeau V, Fussmann GF, Gonzalez A, Shapiro BJ. Resistance, resilience, and functional redundancy of freshwater bacterioplankton communities facing a gradient of agricultural stressors in a mesocosm experiment. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4771-4788. [PMID: 34324752 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pollution with fertilizers and pesticides is a common disturbance to freshwater biodiversity. Bacterioplankton communities are at the base of aquatic food webs, but their responses to these potentially interacting stressors are rarely explored. To test the extent of resistance and resilience in bacterioplankton communities faced with agricultural stressors, we exposed freshwater mesocosms to single and combined gradients of two commonly used pesticides: the herbicide glyphosate (0-15 mg/L) and the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (0-60 μg/L), in high or low nutrient backgrounds. Over the 43-day experiment, we tracked variation in bacterial density with flow cytometry, carbon substrate use with Biolog EcoPlates, and taxonomic diversity and composition with environmental 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We show that only glyphosate (at the highest dose, 15 mg/L), but not imidacloprid, nutrients, or their interactions measurably changed community structure, favouring members of the Proteobacteria including the genus Agrobacterium. However, no change in carbon substrate use was detected throughout, suggesting functional redundancy despite taxonomic changes. We further show that communities are resilient at broad, but not fine taxonomic levels: 24 days after glyphosate application the precise amplicon sequence variants do not return, and tend to be replaced by phylogenetically close taxa. We conclude that high doses of glyphosate - but still within commonly acceptable regulatory guidelines - alter freshwater bacterioplankton by favouring a subset of higher taxonomic units (i.e., genus to phylum) that transiently thrive in the presence of glyphosate. Longer-term impacts of glyphosate at finer taxonomic resolution merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naíla Barbosa da Costa
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fugère
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Hébert
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles C Y Xu
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Graham Bell
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregor F Fussmann
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Allen J, Gross EM, Courcoul C, Bouletreau S, Compin A, Elger A, Ferriol J, Hilt S, Jassey VEJ, Laviale M, Polst BH, Schmitt-Jansen M, Stibor H, Vijayaraj V, Leflaive J. Disentangling the direct and indirect effects of agricultural runoff on freshwater ecosystems subject to global warming: A microcosm study. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116713. [PMID: 33302039 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors such as agricultural run-off (ARO) and climate-change related increase of temperature. We aimed to determine how ARO and the frequency of its input can affect shallow lake ecosystems through direct and indirect effects on primary producers and primary consumers, and whether warming can mitigate or reinforce the impact of ARO. We performed a set of microcosm experiments simulating ARO using a cocktail of three organic pesticides (terbuthylazine, tebuconazole, pirimicarb), copper and nitrate. Two experiments were performed to determine the direct effect of ARO on primary producers (submerged macrophytes, periphyton and phytoplankton) and on the grazing snail Lymnaea stagnalis, respectively. Three different ARO concentrations added as single doses or as multiple pulses at two different temperatures (22°C and 26°C) were applied. In a third experiment, primary producers and consumers were exposed together to allow trophic interactions. When functional groups were exposed alone, ARO had a direct positive effect on phytoplankton and a strong negative effect on L. stagnalis. When exposed together, primary producer responses were contrasting, as the negative effect of ARO on grazers led to an indirect positive effect on periphyton. Periphyton in turn exerted a strong control on phytoplankton, leading to an indirect negative effect of ARO on phytoplankton. Macrophytes showed little response to the stressors. Multiple pulse exposure increased the effect of ARO on L. stagnalis and periphyton when compared with the same quantity of ARO added as a single dose. The increase in temperature had only limited effects. Our results highlight the importance of indirect effects of stressors, here mediated by grazers and periphyton, and the frequency of the ARO input in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Allen
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | | | - Camille Courcoul
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Bouletreau
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arthur Compin
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Elger
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Laviale
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Bastian H Polst
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herwig Stibor
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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8
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Beaumelle L, De Laender F, Eisenhauer N. Biodiversity mediates the effects of stressors but not nutrients on litter decomposition. eLife 2020; 9:55659. [PMID: 32589139 PMCID: PMC7402682 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of ongoing biodiversity changes for ecosystems is a pressing challenge. Controlled biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments with random biodiversity loss scenarios have demonstrated that more diverse communities usually provide higher levels of ecosystem functioning. However, it is not clear if these results predict the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes that cause non-random alterations in biodiversity and community composition. We synthesized 69 independent studies reporting 660 observations of the impacts of two pervasive drivers of global change (chemical stressors and nutrient enrichment) on animal and microbial decomposer diversity and litter decomposition. Using meta-analysis and structural equation modeling, we show that declines in decomposer diversity and abundance explain reduced litter decomposition in response to stressors but not to nutrients. While chemical stressors generally reduced biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, detrimental effects of nutrients occurred only at high levels of nutrient inputs. Thus, more intense environmental change does not always result in stronger responses, illustrating the complexity of ecosystem consequences of biodiversity change. Overall, these findings provide strong evidence that the consequences of observed biodiversity change for ecosystems depend on the kind of environmental change, and are especially significant when human activities decrease biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Beaumelle
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Chará-Serna AM, Epele LB, Morrissey CA, Richardson JS. Nutrients and sediment modify the impacts of a neonicotinoid insecticide on freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:1291-1303. [PMID: 31539961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are important contributors to the global freshwater biodiversity crisis. Among pesticides, neonicotinoids are the best-selling class of agricultural insecticides and are suspected to represent significant risks to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Despite growing recognition that neonicotinoid impacts may be modified by the presence of additional stressors, there is limited information about their interactions with other agricultural stressors in freshwater ecosystems. We conducted an outdoor pond-mesocosm experiment to investigate the individual and interactive effects of nutrients, fine sediment, and imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid insecticide) inputs on freshwater community structure (density, diversity, and composition of zooplankton and benthic invertebrates) and ecosystem functioning (ecosystem metabolism, primary production, and organic matter decomposition). We hypothesized antagonistic nutrient-imidacloprid, and synergistic sediment-imidacloprid interactions, affecting aquatic invertebrate communities. The three stressors had significant individual and interactive effects on pond ecosystems. The insecticide neutralized the positive effects of nutrient additions on benthic invertebrate richness and mitigated the negative effects of sediment on zooplankton communities (antagonistic interactions). Moreover, we observed compensatory responses of tolerant benthic invertebrates, which resulted in reversal interactions between sediment and imidacloprid. Furthermore, our observations suggest that imidacloprid has the potential to increase net ecosystem production at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our findings support the hypothesis that the impacts of imidacloprid may be modified by other agricultural stressors. This has important implications on a global scale, given the widespread use of these pesticides in intensive agricultural landscapes and the growing body of literature suggesting that traditional pesticide assessment frameworks, based on laboratory toxicity tests alone, may be insufficient to adequately predict effects to complex freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Chará-Serna
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria (CIPAV), Carrera 25 No. 6-62, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Luis B Epele
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John S Richardson
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Barmentlo SH, Schrama M, van Bodegom PM, de Snoo GR, Musters CJM, Vijver MG. Neonicotinoids and fertilizers jointly structure naturally assembled freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:36-44. [PMID: 31306875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely acknowledged that a decline of freshwater biodiversity jeopardizes the functioning of freshwater ecosystems, the large number of (human-induced) pressures jointly acting on these systems hampers managing its biodiversity. To disentangle the magnitude and the temporal effects of these single and interacting pressures, experiments are required that study how these pressures affect the structuring of natural communities. We performed experiments with naturally assembled invertebrate communities in 36 experimental ditches to assess the single and joint effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of two commonly co-occurring stressors: fertilizer inputs and neonicotinoid insecticides, in this case thiacloprid. Specifically, we explored whether these agrochemicals result in sustained changes in community structure by inspecting divergence, convergence and short- /long-lived dissimilarity of communities, when compared to a control treatment. Our results indicate strong impacts on the abundance of different taxa by exposure to the agrochemicals. However, we found no effect of any treatment on total abundance, taxon richness or convergence/divergence (measured as beta dispersion) of the communities. Moreover, we found contrasting responses when both joint stressors were present: when considering abundance of different taxa, we observed that fertilizer additions reduced some of the thiacloprid toxicity. But when assessing the community structure, we found that exposure to both stressors consistently resulted in a more dissimilar community compared to the control. This dissimilarity was persistent up to four months after applying the agrochemicals, even though there was a turnover in taxa explaining this dissimilarity. This turnover indicates that the persistent dissimilarity can potentially be attributed to a rippling effect in the community rather than continued toxicity. Such shifts in natural freshwater invertebrate communities, months after the actual exposure, suggests that stressors may have important long-term repercussions for which may subsequently lead to changes in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Geert R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C J M Musters
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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11
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Bracewell S, Verdonschot RCM, Schäfer RB, Bush A, Lapen DR, Van den Brink PJ. Qualifying the effects of single and multiple stressors on the food web structure of Dutch drainage ditches using a literature review and conceptual models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:727-740. [PMID: 30981441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In September 2017, a workshop was held at Wageningen University and Research to determine the current state of knowledge of multiple stressor effects on aquatic ecosystems and to assess how to improve prediction of these effects. We developed a theoretical framework that integrates species-level responses to stressors to predict how these effects propagate through higher levels of biological organisation. Here, we present the application of the framework for drainage ditch ecosystems in the Netherlands. We used food webs to assess single and multiple stressor effects of common stressors on ditch communities. We reviewed the literature for the effects of targeted stressors (nutrients, pesticides, dredging and mowing, salinization, and siltation) on each functional group present in the food web and qualitatively assessed the relative sensitivity of groups. Using this information, we created a stressor-response matrix of positive and negative direct effects of each stressor-functional group combination. Fungicides, salinization, and sedimentation were identified as particularly detrimental to most groups, although destructive management practices, such as dredging with almost complete community removal, would take precedence depending on frequency. Using the stressor-response matrix we built, first, a series of conceptual null models of single stressor effects on food web structure and, second, a series of additive null models to illustrate potential paired-stressor effects. We compared these additive null models with published studies of the same pairs of combined single stressors to explore more complex interactions. Our approach serves as a first-step to considering multiple stressor scenarios in systems that are understudied or data-poor and as a baseline from which more complex models that include indirect effects and quantitative data may be developed. We make specific suggestions for appropriate management strategies that could be taken to support the biodiversity of these systems for individual stressors and their combined impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bracewell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ralf C M Verdonschot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Alex Bush
- Environment Canada, Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Howland JR, Alexander AC, Milani D, Culp JM, Peru KM. Effects of oil sands process water mixtures on the mayfly Hexagenia and field-collected aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:658-668. [PMID: 31218497 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of Canada's oil sands has created 1 billion m3 of tailings, which are stored in on-site tailings ponds. Due to limited storage capacity, the planned release of tailings into the surrounding environment may be required. This represents an environmental management challenge, as the tailings contain contaminants that are known toxins to aquatic communities. Of particular concern are naphthenic acids and their metallic counterparts, as they are the principal toxic components of tailings, are relatively soluble, and are persistent in aquatic environments. This study examines the acute toxicity of environmentally relevant 10:1 mixtures of two process water components: naphthenic acid and sodium naphthenate. We assess the effects of these simplified oil sands process water (OSPW) mixtures under planned and unplanned tailings release scenarios, using traditional and cutting-edge bioindicators for aquatic invertebrate taxa. We found that safe concentrations for mayflies and other aquatic macroinvertebrates were less than 1 mg/l, as no mayfly taxa survived repeated exposure to this dose in either the 48-h or 72-h acute toxicity test. In the 72-h test, no mayflies survived treatment levels greater than 0.5 mg sodium naphthenate/l. In the mesocosm study, even a 90% dilution of the OSPW mixture was not sufficient to protect sensitive macroinvertebrate communities. The results of this study highlight the potential environmental damage that will occur if OSPW is not carefully managed. This information will aid with the development of a management plan for oil sands tailings ponds, which will provide insight into the potential for process water release into the surrounding environment while conserving unique ecosystems downstream of development in the oil sands region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Howland
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
| | - A C Alexander
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - D Milani
- Water S&T Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J M Culp
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Cold Regions Research Center, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - K M Peru
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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13
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Barmentlo SH, Vriend LM, Grunsven RHA, Vijver MG. Environmental levels of neonicotinoids reduce prey consumption, mobility and emergence of the damselfly
Ischnura elegans. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Vriend
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina G. Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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14
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Cavallaro MC, Main AR, Liber K, Phillips ID, Headley JV, Peru KM, Morrissey CA. Neonicotinoids and other agricultural stressors collectively modify aquatic insect communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:945-955. [PMID: 31509924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Threats to wetland water quality and aquatic insect secondary production in agricultural landscapes are multifaceted and are known to vary spatially and temporally. We designed this study with the aim to disentangle the effects of multiple stressors on emerging aquatic insects from wetlands impacted by intensive agricultural practices and receiving runoff from neonicotinoid-treated canola. A total of 22 semi-permanent wetlands were monitored over two growing seasons (11 different wetlands per year) in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Over the two sampling years, dipterans from the families Chironomidae (60-67%), Muscidae (13-15%) and Ceratopogonidae (7-13%) made up the majority of emergent taxa, representing 80-95% of the total emergence. Multivariate ordination analyses of eight water quality and nine wetland habitat variables revealed that neonicotinoid concentration, turbidity, vegetation disturbance, and continuity of a vegetative grass buffer zone were significant factors influencing the aquatic insect taxa composition. Generalized linear mixed effects models indicated that total insect emergence over time was significantly predicted by neonicotinoid concentrations (imidacloprid toxic equivalency, TEQ) and vegetation disturbance. Higher neonicotinoid concentrations negatively affected insect emergence over time, whereas vegetation disturbance increased total emergence, likely due to the abundance of disturbance-tolerant taxa. Overall, we observed community-level responses driven by multiple indicators of wetland degradation (insecticides, turbidity, and vegetation disturbance). Collectively, these multivariate field data provide an in-depth understanding of how agricultural management practices, including neonicotinoid use, interact to shape wetland aquatic insect communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Anson R Main
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karsten Liber
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Iain D Phillips
- Water Quality and Habitat Assessment Services, Water Security Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kerry M Peru
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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15
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Bosker T, Olthof G, Vijver MG, Baas J, Barmentlo SH. Significant decline of Daphnia magna population biomass due to microplastic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:669-675. [PMID: 31035149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Even though microplastics are intensively studied, the focus of the research is mainly on relatively short term effects at high doses. Therefore there is a need to shift the focus toward more realistic, longer-term endpoints. Studies with a range of chemicals have shown that the response of populations often differs from studies in which a single organism is exposed in an individual container (as often described within standard ecotox screening assays). Here we investigate the impact of primary microplastics (1-5 μm in size) on a population of Daphnia magna. We first allowed a stable population of D. magna to develop over 29 d, after which the populations were exposed to microplastics for three weeks (concentrations ranging from 102 to 105 particles mL-1 and a control). We found a significant impact of microplastics on the total population of D. magna, with a reduction in the amount of adult daphnids. Importantly, when expressed as total biomass, exposure to 105 microplastics mL-1 resulted in a 21% reduction in total biomass compared to control. These results indicate that exposure to microplastics can result in significant adverse effects on the population of D. magna, including a reduction in the number of individuals as well as total biomass. Given the importance of D. magna in freshwater food webs, both as a grazer as well as a food source, this can potentially impact the functioning of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501, EE, The Hague, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriël Olthof
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Baas
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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16
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Palma P, López-Orozco R, Mourinha C, Oropesa AL, Novais MH, Alvarenga P. Assessment of the environmental impact of an abandoned mine using an integrative approach: A case-study of the "Las Musas" mine (Extremadura, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:84-94. [PMID: 30597472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mine abandonment is generally associated with the release of potentially toxic metals into the environment, which may depend on metals speciation, soil properties and climate conditions. The goal of the present work was to assess the environmental impact of the abandoned Pb-Zn mine "Las Musas" (Spain) using an integrative approach. The impact on soils and surface waters was performed using: chemical parameters, quantification of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn), and ecotoxicological responses using lethal and sub-lethal bioassays with organisms' representative of different trophic level ((soil: Eisenia fetida (mortality and reproduction test); Latuca sativa and Lollium perenne (seedling emergence); and water: Vibrio fischeri (luminescence inhibition), Daphnia magna (immobility and reproduction test), Thamnocephalus platyurus (mortality), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (growth inhibition)). The results showed soils with neutral to slight alkaline pH (7.64-8.18), low electric conductivity (125-953 μS/cm) and low organic matter levels (0.20-1.85%). For most of the soil samples, Pb was the only metal which surpassed the limit proposed by the Canadian soil quality guidelines, with values ranging from 42.2 to 181.4 mg/kg. The ecotoxicological results showed that the soils with the highest levels of Pb induced a decrease on E. fetida reproduction and on L. sativa germination, indicating negative impacts on the habitat function. The analysis of the surface waters showed levels of Zn surpassing the legal limit adopted from the Water Framework Directive (37.0 to 69.0 μg/L). The ecotoxicological results highlight the importance of bioassays that evaluate the behavior of species, when assessing the risk of mining areas with non-acid soils and waters with high nutrients/organic matter concentrations and low concentrations of potentially toxic metals. The results indicated a moderate environmental risk from potentially toxic metals, at the areas analyzed around the Azuaga mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Palma
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal; ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Rocío López-Orozco
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Mourinha
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - Ana Lourdes Oropesa
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain; INBIO G+C - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Maria Helena Novais
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvarenga
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture, and Food Research Unit (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Schmidt TS, Van Metre PC, Carlisle DM. Linking the Agricultural Landscape of the Midwest to Stream Health with Structural Equation Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:452-462. [PMID: 30532975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple physical and chemical stressors can simultaneously affect the biological condition of streams. To better understand the complex interactions of land-use practices, water quality, and ecological integrity of streams, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Project is conducting regional-scale assessments of stream condition across the United States. In the summer of 2013, weekly water samples were collected from 100 streams in the Midwestern United States. Employing watershed theory, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to represent a general hypothesis for how 16 variables (previously identified to be important to stream condition) might be inter-related. Again, using SEM, we evaluated the ability of this "stressor network" to explain variations in multimetrics of algal, invertebrate, and fish community health, trimming away any environmental variables not contributing to an explanation of the ecological responses. Seven environmental variables-agricultural and urban land use, sand content of soils, basin area, percent riparian area as forest, channel erosion, and relative bed stability-were found to be important for all three-community metrics. The algal and invertebrate models included water-chemistry variables not included in the fish model. Results suggest that ecological integrity of Midwest streams are affected by both agricultural and urban land uses and by the natural geologic setting, as indicated by the sand content of soils. Chemicals related to crops (pesticides and nutrients) and residential uses (pyrethroids) were found to be more strongly related to ecological integrity than were natural factors (riparian forest, watershed soil character).
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey , Colorado Water Science Center , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey Texas Water Science Center , Austin , Texas 78754 , United States
| | - Daren M Carlisle
- U.S. Geological Survey Earth Systems Processes Division , Lawrence , Kansas 66049 , United States
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18
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Schmidt TS, Rogers HA, Miller JL, Mebane CA, Balistrieri LS. Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2820-2834. [PMID: 30035388 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32-d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within-river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae, Cinygmula sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30- to 32-d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes >2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2820-2834. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurie S Balistrieri
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, US Geological Survey, Grafton, Wisconsin
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19
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Barmentlo SH, Parmentier EM, de Snoo GR, Vijver MG. Thiacloprid-induced toxicity influenced by nutrients: Evidence from in situ bioassays in experimental ditches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1907-1915. [PMID: 29600525 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies show that neonicotinoid insecticides cause toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. Some studies report that insecticide toxicity may differ in combination with other agrochemicals under realistic field conditions. To explore such altered toxicity further, we aimed to determine the single and combined effects of environmentally relevant levels of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid and nutrients on different endpoints of 4 aquatic invertebrate species. Animals were exposed to these agrochemicals using a caged experiment within experimental ditches. We observed thiacloprid-induced toxicity for 2 crustaceans, Daphnia magna and Asellus aquaticus, and for 1 out of 2 tested insect species, Cloeon dipterum. We observed no toxic effects for Chironomus riparius at the time-weighted average test concentration of 0.51 μg thiacloprid/L. For D. magna, the observed toxicity, expressed as the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC), on growth and reproduction was present at thiacloprid concentrations that were 2456-fold lower than laboratory-derived LOEC values. This shows that these species, when exposed under natural conditions, may exhibit neonicotinoid-induced toxic stress. Contrary to the low nutrient treatment, such toxicity was often not observed under nutrient-enriched conditions. This was likely attributable to the increased primary production that allowed for compensatory feeding. These findings warrant the inclusion of different feeding regimes in laboratory experiments to retrieve the best estimates of neonicotinoid-induced toxicity in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1907-1915. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elinor M Parmentier
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Chará-Serna AM, Richardson JS. Chlorpyrifos interacts with other agricultural stressors to alter stream communities in laboratory microcosms. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:162-176. [PMID: 29024139 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used agricultural insecticides in the world, but to date there is limited empirical information about its potential to interact with other common agricultural stressors. We conducted a 15-d, community-level, microcosm experiment evaluating individual and combined effects of chlorpyrifos, nutrient enrichment, and sedimentation on stream invertebrate communities (abundance, biomass, richness, size structure, composition) and ecosystem processes (primary productivity and leaf decomposition). We found that sedimentation was the most detrimental stressor, with significant negative impacts on most invertebrate community and ecosystem function variables. Even though chlorpyrifos did not cause significant invertebrate mortality in the microcosms, it still altered ecosystem function by lowering leaf decomposition rates, probably through sublethal inhibition of invertebrate shredders. Furthermore, we observed a significant reversal interaction between chlorpyrifos and sediment for small-sized invertebrates collected in gravel (abundance in sediment × insecticide microcosms was 2.4 times lower than predicted by additivity), as well as an antagonistic interaction with nutrients on invertebrate richness in the same microhabitat (richness in nutrient × insecticide microcosms was 1.6 times higher than predicted by additivity). Our results suggest that chlorpyrifos has the potential to alter freshwater ecosystem function and interact non-additively with other common agricultural stressors. These findings are in keeping with a growing body of research highlighting that multiple stressor interactions and ecosystem processes should be considered when evaluating the impacts of organic toxicants on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Chará-Serna
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria - CIPAV, Carrera 25 No. 6-62, Cali, Colombia
| | - John S Richardson
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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21
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Münze R, Hannemann C, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Foit K, Becker J, Kaske O, Paulsson E, Peterson M, Jernstedt H, Kreuger J, Schüürmann G, Liess M. Pesticides from wastewater treatment plant effluents affect invertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:387-399. [PMID: 28478367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We quantified pesticide contamination and its ecological impact up- and downstream of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in rural and suburban areas of central Germany. During two sampling campaigns, time-weighted average pesticide concentrations (cTWA) were obtained using Chemcatcher® passive samplers; pesticide peak concentrations were quantified with event-driven samplers. At downstream sites, receiving waters were additionally grab sampled for five selected pharmaceuticals. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate structure and ecosystem function were assessed using the biological indicator system SPEARpesticides (SPEcies At Risk) and leaf litter breakdown rates, respectively. WWTP effluents substantially increased insecticide and fungicide concentrations in receiving waters; in many cases, treated wastewater was the exclusive source for the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid in the investigated streams. During the ten weeks of the investigation, five out of the seven WWTPs increased in-stream pesticide toxicity by a factor of three. As a consequence, at downstream sites, SPEAR values and leaf litter degradation rates were reduced by 40% and 53%, respectively. The reduced leaf litter breakdown was related to changes in the macroinvertebrate communities described by SPEARpesticides and not to altered microbial activity. Neonicotinoids showed the highest ecological relevance for the composition of invertebrate communities, occasionally exceeding the Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs). In general, considerable ecological effects of insecticides were observed above and below regulatory thresholds. Fungicides, herbicides and pharmaceuticals contributed only marginally to acute toxicity. We conclude that pesticide retention of WWTPs needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christin Hannemann
- Brandenburg State Office of the Environment, Department of Water Management - River Basin Management, Seeburger Chaussee 2, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremias Becker
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elin Paulsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Märit Peterson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jernstedt
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Kreuger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Franco A, Price OR, Marshall S, Jolliet O, Van den Brink PJ, Rico A, Focks A, De Laender F, Ashauer R. Toward refined environmental scenarios for ecological risk assessment of down-the-drain chemicals in freshwater environments. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:233-248. [PMID: 27260272 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current regulatory practice for chemical risk assessment suffers from the lack of realism in conventional frameworks. Despite significant advances in exposure and ecological effect modeling, the implementation of novel approaches as high-tier options for prospective regulatory risk assessment remains limited, particularly among general chemicals such as down-the-drain ingredients. While reviewing the current state of the art in environmental exposure and ecological effect modeling, we propose a scenario-based framework that enables a better integration of exposure and effect assessments in a tiered approach. Global- to catchment-scale spatially explicit exposure models can be used to identify areas of higher exposure and to generate ecologically relevant exposure information for input into effect models. Numerous examples of mechanistic ecological effect models demonstrate that it is technically feasible to extrapolate from individual-level effects to effects at higher levels of biological organization and from laboratory to environmental conditions. However, the data required to parameterize effect models that can embrace the complexity of ecosystems are large and require a targeted approach. Experimental efforts should, therefore, focus on vulnerable species and/or traits and ecological conditions of relevance. We outline key research needs to address the challenges that currently hinder the practical application of advanced model-based approaches to risk assessment of down-the-drain chemicals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:233-248. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franco
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver R Price
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Marshall
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreu Rico
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Focks
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Environment Department, University of York Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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23
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Selck H, Adamsen PB, Backhaus T, Banta GT, Bruce PKH, Burton GA, Butts MB, Boegh E, Clague JJ, Dinh KV, Doorn N, Gunnarsson JS, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Hazlerigg C, Hunka AD, Jensen J, Lin Y, Loureiro S, Miraglia S, Munns WR, Nadim F, Palmqvist A, Rämö RA, Seaby LP, Syberg K, Tangaa SR, Thit A, Windfeld R, Zalewski M, Chapman PM. Assessing and managing multiple risks in a changing world-The Roskilde recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:7-16. [PMID: 28024105 PMCID: PMC6130322 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Roskilde University (Denmark) hosted a November 2015 workshop, Environmental Risk-Assessing and Managing Multiple Risks in a Changing World. This Focus article presents the consensus recommendations of 30 attendees from 9 countries regarding implementation of a common currency (ecosystem services) for holistic environmental risk assessment and management; improvements to risk assessment and management in a complex, human-modified, and changing world; appropriate development of protection goals in a 2-stage process; dealing with societal issues; risk-management information needs; conducting risk assessment of risk management; and development of adaptive and flexible regulatory systems. The authors encourage both cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to address their 10 recommendations: 1) adopt ecosystem services as a common currency for risk assessment and management; 2) consider cumulative stressors (chemical and nonchemical) and determine which dominate to best manage and restore ecosystem services; 3) fully integrate risk managers and communities of interest into the risk-assessment process; 4) fully integrate risk assessors and communities of interest into the risk-management process; 5) consider socioeconomics and increased transparency in both risk assessment and risk management; 6) recognize the ethical rights of humans and ecosystems to an adequate level of protection; 7) determine relevant reference conditions and the proper ecological context for assessments in human-modified systems; 8) assess risks and benefits to humans and the ecosystem and consider unintended consequences of management actions; 9) avoid excessive conservatism or possible underprotection resulting from sole reliance on binary, numerical benchmarks; and 10) develop adaptive risk-management and regulatory goals based on ranges of uncertainty. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:7-16. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Boegh
- Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - John J Clague
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Neelke Doorn
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Charles Hazlerigg
- Enviresearch, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | | | - Yan Lin
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Wayne R Munns
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maciej Zalewski
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology (Polish Academy of Sciences), Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter M Chapman
- Chapema Environmental Strategies, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Somatic Growth Dilution of a toxicant in a predator–prey model under stoichiometric constraints. J Theor Biol 2016; 407:198-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Ieromina O, Musters CJM, Bodegom PM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Vijver MG. Trait modality distribution of aquatic macrofauna communities as explained by pesticides and water chemistry. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1170-1180. [PMID: 27209569 PMCID: PMC4921112 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing functional species' characteristics (species traits) that represent physiological, life history and morphological characteristics of species help understanding the impacts of various stressors on aquatic communities at field conditions. This research aimed to study the combined effects of pesticides and other environmental factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, floating macrophytes cover, phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate) on the trait modality distribution of aquatic macrofauna communities. To this purpose, a field inventory was performed in a flower bulb growing area of the Netherlands with significant variation in pesticides pressures. Macrofauna community composition, water chemistry parameters and pesticide concentrations in ditches next to flower bulb fields were determined. Trait modalities of nine traits (feeding mode, respiration mode, locomotion type, resistance form, reproduction mode, life stage, voltinism, saprobity, maximum body size) likely to indicate pesticides impacts were analyzed. According to a redundancy analysis, phosphate -and not pesticides- constituted the main factor structuring the trait modality distribution of aquatic macrofauna. The functional composition could be ascribed for 2-4 % to pesticides, and for 3-11 % to phosphate. The lack of trait responses to pesticides may indicate that species may have used alternative strategies to adapt to ambient pesticides stress. Biomass of animals exhibiting trait modalities related to feeding by predation and grazing, presence of diapause form or dormancy, reproduction by free clutches and ovoviviparity, life stage of larvae and pupa, was negatively correlated to the concentration of phosphate. Hence, despite the high pesticide pollution in the area, variation in nutrient-related stressors seems to be the dominant driver of the functional composition of aquatic macrofauna assembly in agricultural ditches.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ieromina
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, Leiden, RA, The Netherlands.
| | - C J M Musters
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, Leiden, RA, The Netherlands
| | - P M Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, Leiden, RA, The Netherlands
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, Leiden, RA, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720, Bilthoven, BA, The Netherlands
| | - M G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, Leiden, RA, The Netherlands
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26
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Palma P, Ledo L, Alvarenga P. Ecotoxicological endpoints, are they useful tools to support ecological status assessment in strongly modified water bodies? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:119-129. [PMID: 26402482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although man-made reservoirs represent an important water supply source in countries where water scarcity has become a problem, little work has been done on the evaluation of their ecological status. Taking this in account, the general aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of ecotoxicological endpoints in the potential ecological status characterization of water reservoirs, with the purpose of their possible integration in evaluation programs developed under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). To achieve this purpose, a group of bioassays were selected to evaluate both water and sediment compartments at the Alqueva reservoir (the biggest from the Iberian Peninsula), with representative species from different taxonomic and functional groups: Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens. The ecotoxicological assessment showed that sublethal endpoints (e.g., luminescence, growth or reproduction), would be more useful and sensitive to identify toxicity patterns in this type of water body. In general, the results from this ecotoxicological toolbox agreed with the potential ecological status established according to the WFD, which indicates that the bioassays complement the ecological assessment. Furthermore, the use of an ecotoxicological approach can be extremely useful, especially in cases where the biotic indices are difficult to establish, such as in man-made reservoirs. However, when pollutant concentrations are very low, and/or when nutrients and organic matter concentrations are high, the two approaches do not fit, requiring further research to determine which organisms are more sensitive and the best biotic indices to use under those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; CIMA - Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMA, FCT, Edifício 7, Piso 1, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universitário de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - L Ledo
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - P Alvarenga
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; LEAF - Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Münze R, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Kaske O, Beketov MA, Hundt M, Bauer C, Schüürmann G, Möder M, Liess M. Pesticide impact on aquatic invertebrates identified with Chemcatcher® passive samplers and the SPEAR(pesticides) index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:69-80. [PMID: 26282741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystem function in aquatic environments. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pesticides on stream macroinvertebrates at 19 sites in a rural area dominated by forest cover and arable land in Central Germany. Pesticide exposure was quantified with Chemcatcher® passive samplers equipped with a diffusion-limiting membrane. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate communities and on the ecosystem function detritus breakdown were identified using the indicator system SPEARpesticides and the leaf litter degradation rates, respectively. A decrease in the abundance of pesticide-vulnerable taxa and a reduction in leaf litter decomposition rates were observed at sites contaminated with the banned insecticide Carbofuran (Toxic Units≥-2.8), confirming the effect thresholds from previous studies. The results show that Chemcatcher® passive samplers with a diffusion-limiting membrane reliably detect ecologically relevant pesticide pollution, and we suggest Chemcatcher® passive samplers and SPEARpesticides as a promising combination to assess pesticide exposure and effects in rivers and streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioenergy, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikhail A Beketov
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Hundt
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Coretta Bauer
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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28
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De Laender F, Morselli M, Baveco H, Van den Brink PJ, Di Guardo A. Theoretically exploring direct and indirect chemical effects across ecological and exposure scenarios using mechanistic fate and effects modelling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:181-90. [PMID: 25454235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Predicting ecosystem response to chemicals is a complex problem in ecotoxicology and a challenge for risk assessors. The variables potentially influencing chemical fate and exposure define the exposure scenario while the variables determining effects at the ecosystem level define the ecological scenario. In absence of any empirical data, the objective of this paper is to present simulations by a fugacity-based fate model and a differential equation-based ecosystem model to theoretically explore how direct and indirect effects on invertebrate shallow pond communities vary with changing ecological and exposure scenarios. These simulations suggest that direct and indirect effects are larger in mesotrophic systems than in oligotrophic systems. In both trophic states, interaction strength (quantified using grazing rates) was suggested a more important driver for the size and recovery from direct and indirect effects than immigration rate. In general, weak interactions led to smaller direct and indirect effects. For chemicals targeting mesozooplankton only, indirect effects were common in (simple) food-chains but rare in (complex) food-webs. For chemicals directly affecting microzooplankton, the dominant zooplankton group in the modelled community, indirect effects occurred both in food-chains and food-webs. We conclude that the choice of the ecological and exposure scenarios in ecotoxicological modelling efforts needs to be justified because of its influence on the prevalence and magnitude of the predicted effects. Overall, more work needs to be done to empirically test the theoretical expectations formulated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Laender
- Namur University, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Ecology, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - M Morselli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - H Baveco
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Morrissey CA, Mineau P, Devries JH, Sanchez-Bayo F, Liess M, Cavallaro MC, Liber K. Neonicotinoid contamination of global surface waters and associated risk to aquatic invertebrates: a review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:291-303. [PMID: 25454246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, broad-spectrum systemic insecticides, are the fastest growing class of insecticides worldwide and are now registered for use on hundreds of field crops in over 120 different countries. The environmental profile of this class of pesticides indicate that they are persistent, have high leaching and runoff potential, and are highly toxic to a wide range of invertebrates. Therefore, neonicotinoids represent a significant risk to surface waters and the diverse aquatic and terrestrial fauna that these ecosystems support. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the reported concentrations of neonicotinoids in surface waters from 29 studies in 9 countries world-wide in tandem with published data on their acute and chronic toxicity to 49 species of aquatic insects and crustaceans spanning 12 invertebrate orders. Strong evidence exists that water-borne neonicotinoid exposures are frequent, long-term and at levels (geometric means=0.13μg/L (averages) and 0.63μg/L (maxima)) which commonly exceed several existing water quality guidelines. Imidacloprid is by far the most widely studied neonicotinoid (66% of the 214 toxicity tests reviewed) with differences in sensitivity among aquatic invertebrate species ranging several orders of magnitude; other neonicotinoids display analogous modes of action and similar toxicities, although comparative data are limited. Of the species evaluated, insects belonging to the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Diptera appear to be the most sensitive, while those of Crustacea (although not universally so) are less sensitive. In particular, the standard test species Daphnia magna appears to be very tolerant, with 24-96hour LC50 values exceeding 100,000μg/L (geometric mean>44,000μg/L), which is at least 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the geometric mean of all other invertebrate species tested. Overall, neonicotinoids can exert adverse effects on survival, growth, emergence, mobility, and behavior of many sensitive aquatic invertebrate taxa at concentrations at or below 1μg/L under acute exposure and 0.1μg/L for chronic exposure. Using probabilistic approaches (species sensitivity distributions), we recommend here that ecological thresholds for neonicotinoid water concentrations need to be below 0.2μg/L (short-term acute) or 0.035μg/L (long-term chronic) to avoid lasting effects on aquatic invertebrate communities. The application of safety factors may still be warranted considering potential issues of slow recovery, additive or synergistic effects and multiple stressors that can occur in the field. Our analysis revealed that 81% (22/27) and 74% (14/19) of global surface water studies reporting maximum and average individual neonicotinoid concentrations respectively, exceeded these thresholds of 0.2 and 0.035μg/L. Therefore, it appears that environmentally relevant concentrations of neonicotinoids in surface waters worldwide are well within the range where both short- and long-term impacts on aquatic invertebrate species are possible over broad spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Pierre Mineau
- Pierre Mineau Consulting, 124 Creekside Dr., Salt Spring Island, BC V8K 2E4, Canada
| | - James H Devries
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, P.O. Box 1160, Stonewall, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael C Cavallaro
- School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karsten Liber
- School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Corcoll N, Acuña V, Barceló D, Casellas M, Guasch H, Huerta B, Petrovic M, Ponsatí L, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater S. Pollution-induced community tolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in fluvial biofilm communities affected by WWTP effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:185-193. [PMID: 25048905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the tolerance acquired by stream biofilms to two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory-drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen and diclofenac. Biofilms came from a stream system receiving the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The response of biofilms from a non-polluted site (upstream the WWTP) was compared to that of others downstream with relevant and decreasing levels of NSAIDs. Experiments performed in the laboratory following the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) approach determined that both algae and microbial communities from biofilms of the sites exposed at the highest concentrations of ibuprofen and diclofenac acquired tolerance to the mixture of these NSAIDs occurring at the sites. It was also observed that the chronic pollution by the WWTP effluent affected the microbial metabolic profile, as well as the structure of the algal community. The low (at ng L(-1) level) but chronic inputs of pharmaceuticals to the river ecosystem result in tolerant communities of lower diversity and altered microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Corcoll
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry (IIQAB - CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Casellas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Helena Guasch
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona (UdG), Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Belinda Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Ponsatí
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona (UdG), Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
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Ieromina O, Peijnenburg WJGM, de Snoo GR, Vijver MG. Population responses of Daphnia magna, Chydorus sphaericus and Asellus aquaticus in pesticide contaminated ditches around bulb fields. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:196-203. [PMID: 24967699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ambient concentrations of pesticides combined with abiotic factors on the key aquatic species Daphnia magna, Chydorus sphaericus and Asellus aquaticus by means of 21 days field exposure experiments. In situ bioassays were deployed in ditches around flower bulb fields during spring and autumn 2011-2012. The results showed that phosphate was the most variable parameter followed by pesticides expressed as toxic units, as the main factors explaining differences between sites. Variation in reproduction and growth of cladoceran D. magna was largely explained by nutrients, whereas dissolved oxygen contributed mostly to variations in reproduction of C. sphaericus. Dissolved organic carbon contributed to variations in growth of the detrivore A. aquaticus. It is concluded that abiotic stressors rather than pesticides contributed significantly to the performance of aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ieromina
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - G R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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