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Trimmel S, Wagner S, Feiner L, Feiner M, Haluza D, Hood-Nowotny R, Pitha U, Prohaska T, Puschenreiter M, Spörl P, Watzinger A, Ziss E, Irrgeher J. Compost amendment in urban gardens: elemental and isotopic analysis of soils and vegetable tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34240-7. [PMID: 38985423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Urban horticulture poses a sustainable form of food production, fosters community engagement and mitigates the impacts of climate change on cities. Yet, it can also be tied to health challenges related to soil contamination. This work builds on a previous study conducted on eleven urban gardens in the city of Vienna, Austria. Following the findings of elevated Pb levels in some soil and plant samples within that project, the present study investigates the elemental composition of soil and plants from two affected gardens 1 year after compost amendment. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of skin, pulp and seeds of tomato fruits revealed minor variations in elemental composition which are unlikely to have an impact on food safety. In turn, a tendency of contaminant accumulation in root tips and leaves of radishes was found. Washing of lettuce led to a significant reduction in the contents of potentially toxic elements such as Be, Al, V, Ni, Ga and Tl, underscoring the significance of washing garden products before consumption. Furthermore, compost amendments led to promising results, with reduced Zn, Cd and Pb levels in radish bulbs. Pb isotope ratios in soil and spinach leaf samples taken in the previous study were assessed by multi-collector (MC-) ICP-MS to trace Pb uptake from soils into food. A direct linkage between the Pb isotopic signatures in soil and those in spinach leaves was observed, underscoring their effectiveness as tracers of Pb sources in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Trimmel
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Laura Feiner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Maria Feiner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Daniela Haluza
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Hood-Nowotny
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research (IBF), BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Pitha
- Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction (IBLB), BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research (IBF), BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Spörl
- Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction (IBLB), BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Watzinger
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research (IBF), BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Ziss
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research (IBF), BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
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Li J, Li X, Fischel M, Lin X, Zhou S, Zhang L, Wang L, Yan J. Applying Red Mud in Cadmium Contamination Remediation: A Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:347. [PMID: 38787126 PMCID: PMC11125661 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Red mud is an industrial solid waste rarely utilized and often disposed of in landfills, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution. However, due to its high pH and abundance of iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides, red mud has excellent adsorption properties which can effectively remove heavy metals through ion exchange, adsorption, and precipitation. Therefore, red mud is a valuable resource rather than a waste byproduct. In recent years, red mud has been increasingly studied for its potential in wastewater treatment and soil improvement. Red mud can effectively reduce the migration and impact of heavy metals in soils and water bodies. This paper reviews the research results from using red mud to mitigate cadmium pollution in water bodies and soils, discusses the environmental risks of red mud, and proposes key research directions for the future management of red mud in cadmium-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Xuwei Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Matthew Fischel
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ecological Environment Bureau of Chuzhou City, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Jiali Yan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
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3
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Gupta R, Khan F, Alqahtani FM, Hashem M, Ahmad F. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Toxicity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2928-2956. [PMID: 37097400 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to a variety of natural and anthropogenic processes, heavy metal toxicity of soil constitutes a substantial hazard to all living beings in the environment. The heavy metals alter the soil properties, which directly or indirectly influence the agriculture systems. Thus, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-assisted bioremediation is a promising, eco-friendly, and sustainable method for eradicating heavy metals. PGPR cleans up the heavy metal-contaminated environment using various approaches including efflux systems, siderophores and chelation, biotransformation, biosorption, bioaccumulation, precipitation, ACC deaminase activity, biodegradation, and biomineralization methods. These PGPRs have been found effective to bioremediate the heavy metal-contaminated soil through increased plant tolerance to metal stress, improved nutrient availability in soil, alteration of heavy metal pathways, and by producing some chemical compounds like siderophores and chelating ions. Many heavy metals are non-degradable; hence, another remediation approach with a broader scope of contamination removal is needed. This article also briefly emphasized the role of genetically modified PGPR strains which improve the soil's degradation rate of heavy metals. In this regard, genetic engineering, a molecular approach, could improve bioremediation efficiency and be helpful. Thus, the ability of PGPRs can aid in heavy metal bioremediation and promote a sustainable agricultural soil system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishil Gupta
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India
| | - Faryad Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India
| | - Fatmah M Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India.
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Noller C, Friesl-Hanl W, Hood-Nowotny R, Watzinger A. Remediating Garden Soils: EDTA-Soil Washing and Safe Vegetable Production in Raised Bed Gardens. TOXICS 2022; 10:652. [PMID: 36355942 PMCID: PMC9696853 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil remediation is an important practice in the restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soils and reduce the heavy metal exposure of the local population. Here, we investigated the effect of an ex-situ soil washing technique, based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent, on a contaminated Cambisol. Lead, Cd and Zn were investigated in different soil fractions, drainage water and four vegetables from August 2019 to March 2021. Three treatments consisting of (C) contaminated soil, (W) washed soil and (WA) washed soil amended with vermicompost and biochar were investigated in an outdoor raised bed set up. Our results showed that the total and bioavailable metal fractions were significantly reduced but failed to meet Austrian national guideline values. Initial concentrations in the soil leachate increased significantly, especially for Cd. Vegetables grown on the remediated soil took up significantly lower amounts of all heavy metals and were further reduced by the organic amendment, attaining acceptable values within EU guideline values for food safety. Only spinach exceeded the thresholds in all soil treatments. The increase in soil pH and nutrient availability led to significantly higher vegetable yields.
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Zhao S, Ye X, Chen D, Zhang Q, Xiao W, Wu S, Hu J, Gao N, Huang M. Multi-Component Passivators Regulate Heavy Metal Accumulation in Paddy Soil and Rice: A Three-Site Field Experiment in South China. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050259. [PMID: 35622672 PMCID: PMC9143787 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To fulfill sustainability principles, a three-site field experiment was conducted to screen suitably mixed passivators from lime + biochar (L + C, 9000 kgha−1 with a rate of 1:1) and lime + biochar + sepiolite (L + C + S, 9000 kg ha−1 with a rate of 1:1:1), in Yuecheng (YC), Zhuji (ZJ), and Fuyang (FY), where there are typical contaminated soils, in South China. Treated with passivators in soil, DTPA-extractable Cd, Cr and Pb in soil were decreased by 9.87–26.3%, 37.2–67.5%, and 19.0–54.2%, respectively; Cd, Cr, and Pb in rice were decreased by 85.9–91.5%, 40.0–76.5%, and 16.4–45.4%, respectively; and these were followed by slightly higher efficacy of L + C + S than L + C. The differences between L + C and L + C + S mainly lie in soil microbial communities, enzymes, and fertility. In YC, treatment with L + C + S increased microbial carbon and activities of urease (EC3.5.1.5) and phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) by 21.0%, 85.5%, and 22.3%; while treatment with L + C decreased microbial carbon and activities of phosphatase and sucrose (EC3.2.1.26) by 1.31%, 34.9%, and 43.4%, respectively. Moreover, the treatment of FY soils with L + C + S increased microbial carbon and activities of urease, phosphatase, and sucrase by 35.4%, 41.6%, 27.9%, and 7.37%; and L + C treatment only increased the microbial carbon and the activity of phosphatase by 3.14% and 30.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the organic matter and available nitrogen were also increased by 8.8–19.0% and 7.4–14.6% with L + C + S treatments, respectively. These suggested that the combination of L + C + S stimulated the growth of soil microbial communities and increased the activity of soil enzymes. Therefore, the L + C + S strategy can be a practical and effective measure for safe rice production as it was more suitable for the remediation of heavy metals in our experimental sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Xuezhu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8641-5206
| | - De Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Wendan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Shaofu Wu
- Shaoxing Grain and Oil Crop Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing Agricultural Bureau, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Miaojie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (W.X.); (J.H.); (N.G.); (M.H.)
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Barley Straw Biochar and Compost Affect Heavy Metal Transport in Soil and Uptake by Potatoes Grown under Wastewater Irrigation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater can supplement freshwater in agriculture; however, it contains toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and lead that are hazardous to humans and the environment. We investigated the effects of barley straw biochar, green and table waste compost, and their mix on heavy metal transport in soil and uptake by potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) irrigated with synthetic wastewater for two years. In both years, amending soil with compost significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) cadmium uptake in potato flesh, skin, roots, and stems; zinc uptake in potato skin and roots; and copper uptake in potato flesh due to increased soil cation-exchange capacity, dissolved organic carbon, and soil pH. Co-amending the soil with compost and 3% biochar significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the bioavailability of cadmium, copper, and zinc in the contaminated soil. Relative to the non-amended soils, soil amendment with biochar, compost, and their mix affected neither the transport of chromium, iron, and lead in the soils nor their uptake by potatoes. It was concluded that amending soil with barley straw biochar and/or compost produced from city green table waste could be used to improve the safety of wastewater irrigated potatoes, depending on the biochar application rate and heavy metal type.
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Tan C, Luo Y, Fu T. Soil microbial community responses to the application of a combined amendment in a historical zinc smelting area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13056-13070. [PMID: 34564816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Farmland soils that surround a historical zinc smelting area in northwestern Guizhou, China, are characterized by high levels of heavy metal accumulation. Previous studies have mainly focused on the potential risk evaluations of heavy metals in soil and crops. However, at present, the effects of amendment applications on the bioavailability of heavy metals and on microbial community in the heavily contaminated soils of the mining region are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of applying a combined amendment (e.g. lime, sepiolite, and vermicompost) on the diversity and composition of microbial community in the contaminated soil. The results showed that the contents of DTPA- and TCLP-extractable heavy metals (e.g. Cd, Pb, and Zn) decreased and that the pH, SWC, EC, and soil available nutrient (e.g. AN, AP, and AK) contents increased after the application of the combined amendment. Furthermore, application of the combined amendment decreased the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities and increased the relative abundances of the dominant bacterial and fungal communities such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Ascomycota; however, the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that the bioavailability of heavy metals decreased and that soil physicochemical characteristics improved and had positive or negative effects on the diversity and composition of soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Tan
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Youfa Luo
- Key Laboratory of Kast Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Tianling Fu
- Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
- The New Rural Development Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Gluhar S, Kaurin A, Finžgar N, Gerl M, Kastelec D, Lestan D. Demonstrational gardens with EDTA-washed soil. Part I: Remediation efficiency, effect on soil properties and toxicity hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:149060. [PMID: 34325881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The viable chelator-based soil washing has yet to be demonstrated on a larger scale. Soil containing 1850, 3830 and 21 mg kg-1 Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively, was washed with 100 mmol EDTA kg-1 in a series of 16 batches (1 ton soil/batch) using the new ReSoil® technology. The ReSoil® recycled the process water and 85% of the EDTA, producing no wastewater and 14.4 kg ton-1 of waste. The soil washing removed 71, 28 and 53% of Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively, mainly from the carbonate fraction, saturated the soil with basic cations and increased the soil pH by up to 0.5 units. Raised beds (4 × 1 × 0.5 m) with original (contaminated) and remediated soil were constructed as lysmeters, and local produce was grown from July 2018 to November 2019. Throughout the gardening period, the concentration of Pb and Cd in the leachates from the remediated soil was lower and that of Zn was higher than in the original soil. Remediation decreased the concentration of plant-available and mobile toxic metals, as determined by CaCl2 and NH4NO3 extractions, and reduced the bioavailability of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the simulated human gastrointestinal phase by an average of 4.3, 1.7 and 2.7-fold, respectively. Revitalization with vermicompost, earthworms and rhizosphere soil, and spring fertilisation with compost and manure, had no significant effect on the mobility and accessibility of the toxic metals. The ReSoil® is a cost-effective technology (material cost = 18.27 € ton-1 soil) and showed the prospect of sustainable reuse of remediated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gluhar
- Envit ltd., Trzaska cesta 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anela Kaurin
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Finžgar
- Envit ltd., Trzaska cesta 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gerl
- Arhel Ltd., Pustovrhova 15, 1210 Ljubljana Sentvid, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Kastelec
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Lestan
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Envit ltd., Trzaska cesta 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Ouyang X, Ma J, Li P, Chen Y, Weng L, Li Y. Comparison of the effects of large-grained and nano-sized biochar, ferrihydrite, and complexes thereof on Cd and As in a contaminated soil-plant system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130731. [PMID: 33971411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cd and As are difficult to co-remediate in co-contaminated soils. In this study, remediation materials comprising large-grained and nano-sized biochar (BC), ferrihydrite (FH), and complexes thereof were added to Cd- and As-contaminated soil. The uptake of Cd and As by pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) was then evaluated using a pot experiment and the Cd and As concentrations of the soil pore water and leaching water were measured. The Cd and As concentrations of the pore and leaching water were slightly increased with the addition of BC, and decreased with addition of FH and the biochar-ferrihydrite complex (BC-FH). However, nano-sized BC (BCN), FH (FHN), and BC-FH (BC-FHN) had little influence on the decreases in Cd and As of the two monitored water types. Large-grained remediation materials, rather than nanomaterials, decreased the Cd and As concentrations of the two monitored water types. Nonetheless, nanomaterial treatments more effectively decreased the Cd and As concentrations in plants by an average of >10% relative to the large-grained treatments. The DLVO theory analysis suggested that BCN, FHN, and BC-FHN, immobilized in the topsoil, adsorbed heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil. The remainder of the nano-sized materials was dispersed in the rhizosphere soil pores, shielding the uptake of Cd and As by the roots. Although the doses of nanomaterials used in this study were less than one-fortieth of those of the large-grained materials, changes in the plant rhizosphere microenvironment caused by the nanomaterials decreased the risk of toxicity transfer from the soil to the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Pan Li
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
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10
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Gong L, Wang J, Abbas T, Zhang Q, Cai M, Tahir M, Wu D, Di H. Immobilization of exchangeable Cd in soil using mixed amendment and its effect on soil microbial communities under paddy upland rotation system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127828. [PMID: 32763579 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a widespread environmental problem that decreases crop production, destroys the microbial ecology of soil, and poses a severe risk to human health. Organo-chemical amendment is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and community-acceptable widely applied an in situ technique for metal-contaminated farmland. In this study, we mixed lime, zeolite, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and biochar in a mixture ratio of 71:23:5:1 to form a mixed amendment. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of the mixed amendment on soil exchangeable Cd content, plant Cd accumulation, and soil microbial community. It was found that the application of 0.5% mixed amendment decreased exchangeable soil Cd by more than 85% and 64% in wheat and rice season, respectively, compared with control (CK), without increasing pH. Moreover, the application of 0.5% mixed amendment decreased Cd accumulation in grains by 22.9% and 41.2% in wheat and rice season, respectively, compared to CK. The result of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) shows that the level of soil microbial diversity and species richness under mixed amendment treatments were higher than in lime treatment, indicating more copiotrophic conditions and faster rate of nutrient turnover in mixed amendment than pure lime treatment. Hence, it concluded that the mixed amendment has a strong effect on fixing exchangeable soil Cd and reducing the accumulation of Cd in crops. Finally, it was observed that the mixed amendment improved the soil microbial community structure and accelerate the rate of nutrient turnover by microbes under this favorable condition comparative to individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longda Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- The Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310020, PR China
| | - Touqeer Abbas
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Mei Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Soil, Water, & Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Cir, Falcon Heights, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hongjie Di
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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11
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Taneez M, Hurel C. A review on the potential uses of red mud as amendment for pollution control in environmental media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22106-22125. [PMID: 31187380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Red mud is a solid waste of bauxite processing by Bayer process which involves caustic digestion of Al-containing mineral for alumina production. The global inventory of red mud waste reached an estimated amount of 4 billion tons in 2015, increasing at an approximate rate of 120 million tons per year. Therefore, its management is becoming a global environmental issue for the protection of environment, and the need for awareness in this regard is becoming crucial. Although red mud is not considered as a hazardous material in many countries, its high alkalinity and fine particle size may pose significant environmental threat, and it is found to be an interesting material for environmental remediation purposes due to rich iron content. This paper provides a review of possible remedial applications of red mud in various environmental compartments. Modification of red mud creates novel opportunities for cost-effective and efficient removal of metal ions, inorganic anions, dyes, and phenols from wastewater and acid mine drainage. Re-vegetation of red mud disposal sites, treatment of metal-contaminated acidic soils presents the usefulness of this material but less research has been done so far to investigate its use in the stabilization of polluted sediments. On the other hand, leaching and eco-toxicological tests have also revealed that red mud does not pose high toxicity to the environment making it suitable for the treatment of contaminated media. Nevertheless, neutralization of red mud is recommended for its safe disposal and secure application in any environmental media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Taneez
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail -Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- Ecosystèmes Côtiers Marins et Réponses aux Stress (ECOMERS), CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06108, Nice, France.
| | - Charlotte Hurel
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR, CNRS 7010, 06108, Nice, France
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12
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Ran H, Guo Z, Shi L, Feng W, Xiao X, Peng C, Xue Q. Effects of mixed amendments on the phytoavailability of Cd in contaminated paddy soil under a rice-rape rotation system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14128-14136. [PMID: 30859443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was performed to study the effects of mixed amendments, namely lime + organic fertilizer (LO), lime + organic fertilizer + calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer (LOC), lime + organic fertilizer + sepiolite (LOS), and lime + organic fertilizer + calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer + sepiolite (LOCS), on the availability and uptake of Cd from contaminated paddy soil under a rice-rape (Oryza sativa L. and Brassica napus L.) rotation system. The results showed that the grain yields of rice and rape with mixed amendment-treated were slightly influenced, in that the soil pH significantly increased while the DTPA-extractable Cd content of the soil and Cd uptake by the rice and rape were significantly reduced. The uptake of Cd by brown rice decreased significantly (p < 0.05), by 55.9-59.3% and 69.6-75.5% in the 2016 and 2017 crops, respectively, compared with that of the control (CK). The Cd uptake by rapeseeds during the 2017 season observably (p < 0.05) decreased by 38.2 and 29.6% under LO and LOC treatments, respectively. The Cd concentrations in rapeseeds were 0.11-0.18 mg kg-1 under all the treatments except LOCS treatment, which is lower than the National Standard of Pollutants in Food of China (GB 2762-2017, 0.2 mg kg-1). From both economic and food safety standpoints, rape is recommended for Cd-contaminated soil because it has a low Cd accumulation ability. The results showed that the rice-rape rotation combined with LO or LOC application was useful for reducing the Cd content in both rice and rape in Cd-contaminated soil and the effects could be sustained at least for three crop seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Ran
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Xue
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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13
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Cui H, Zhang W, Zhou J, Xu L, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhou J. Availability and vertical distribution of Cu, Cd, Ca, and P in soil as influenced by lime and apatite with different dosages: a 7-year field study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35143-35153. [PMID: 30328042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that alkaline amendments could effectively decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils. However, the vertical distribution of heavy metals and the nutrients enriching in amendments are little concerned during long-term field remediation. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the vertical distribution and availability of Cu, Cd, Ca, and P after a 7-year field experiment. In this study, a single application of lime and apatite was conducted with the rates of 1.71-6.84 and 6.84-19.8 tons/ha, respectively. Soil pH and immobilization efficiency of Cu and Cd were both increased with increasing dosages of lime and apatite (0-50 cm). Applications of lime and apatite decreased the mobility of Cu and Cd although soil Cu and Cd in the surface soil were increased due to the input by atmospheric dry and wet deposition. Moreover, concentrations of Cu and Cd in lime- and apatite-amended soils (0-13 cm) were higher than those in the control group. However, applications of lime and apatite decreased the downward eluviations of heavy metals in soils (13-50 cm). For soil nutrients, the Ca concentrations at 0-13 and 13-30 cm were both enhanced with increasing amendment dosages, while only soil P concentration at 0-13 cm was increased in apatite-treated soils and majority of them presented in stable-P. In addition, resin-P was increased with increasing dosages of the apatite, which suggested that high eutrophication risk was induced by excessive P loss. Thus, more attention should be paid to the nutrients (phosphorus) and pollutants enriching in the amendments during in-situ remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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14
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Meng J, Tao M, Wang L, Liu X, Xu J. Changes in heavy metal bioavailability and speciation from a Pb-Zn mining soil amended with biochars from co-pyrolysis of rice straw and swine manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:300-307. [PMID: 29574374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been utilized as a good amendment to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils. However, the effectiveness of biochar in metal immobilization depends on biochar properties and metal species. In this study, the biochars produced from co-pyrolysis of rice straw with swine manure at 400°C were investigated to evaluate their effects on bioavailability and chemical speciation of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in a Pb-Zn contaminated soil through incubation experiment. Results showed that co-pyrolysis process significantly change the yield, ash content, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the blended biochars compared with the single straw/manure biochar. The addition of these biochars significantly increased the soil pH, EC, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The addition of biochars at a rate of 3% significantly reduced the CaCl2-extractable metal concentrations in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. The exchangeable heavy metals decreased in all the biochar-amended soils whereas the carbonate-bound metal speciation increased. The increase in soil pH and the decrease in the CaCl2 extractable metals indicated that these amendments can directly transform the highly availability metal speciation to the stable speciation in soils. In conclusion, biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of rice straw with swine manure at a mass ratio of 3:1 could most effectively immobilize the heavy metals in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengming Tao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Woszczyk M, Spychalski W, Boluspaeva L. Trace metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) fractionation in urban-industrial soils of Ust-Kamenogorsk (Oskemen), Kazakhstan-implications for the assessment of environmental quality. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:362. [PMID: 29802453 PMCID: PMC5970153 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ust-Kamenogorsk is one of the largest cities and industrial centers in Kazakhstan. Non-ferrous metallurgy (Zn-Pb smelter) has acted as a predominating industrial branch in the city since late 1940s. The industrial plants are situated directly adjacent to the residential area of the city which creates grievous ecotoxicological hazard. In the present paper, we aimed at assessing the trace metal pollution of top soils in Ust-Kamenogorsk and its potential threats to the local population. The top soils were sampled at 10 sites throughout the city center. We determined the physical and chemical properties of soils as well as the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. In addition, the soil samples were subjected to a five-step sequential extraction to ascertain the fractionation of trace metals. On this basis, we calculated the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) and assessed bioavailability of the elements. From our data, it emerged that the soils displayed a strong polymetallic pollution. PLI was as high as 33.4. Throughout the city, the trace metal contents exceeded the geochemical background and allowable values for residential, recreational, and institutional areas. The Igeo obtained were 3.7-6.5 for Cd, 1.5-4.7 for Cu, 2.8-5.7 for Pb, and 2.6-4.6 for Zn. The soils in Ust-Kamenogorsk displayed extremely high contamination with Cd, moderate to strong contamination with Pb and Zn, and low to moderate contamination with Cu. Cd and Pb were found to be the most bioavailable elements. The mobility of trace metals in the soils changed in the order Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Woszczyk
- Department of Quarternary Geology and Paleogeography, Adam Mickiewicz University, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Spychalski
- Department of Soil Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-656, Poznań, Poland
| | - Laura Boluspaeva
- Department of Ecology and Geography, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Revolution street 2a, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
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16
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Li H, Liu L, Luo L, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Chen A, Mao Q, Zhou Y. Response of soil microbial communities to red mud-based stabilizer remediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11661-11669. [PMID: 29435798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a field test was conducted to investigate the effects of heavy metal stabilizer addition on brown rice and microbial variables in a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland from April to October in 2016. Compared with the control, red mud-based stabilizer (RMDL) effectively reduced the concentration of Cd in brown rice (with the removal rate of 48.14% in early rice, 20.24 and 47.62% in late rice). The results showed that adding 0.3 kg m-2 RDML in early rice soil or soil for both early and late rice increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the number of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, and the catalase activity in soil at different stages of paddy rice growth. Furthermore, there was no notable difference in the diversity of the bacterial species, community composition, and relative abundance at phylum (or class) or operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels between the control and treatment (RMDL addition) groups. In a word, RMDL could be highly recommended as an effective remediation stabilizer for Cd-contaminated farmland, since its continuous application in paddy soil cultivating two seasons rice soil could effectively decrease the Cd content in brown rice and had no negative impact on soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Hunan Modern Environment Technology Co., LTD, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jianhong Wei
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiming Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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17
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Wawra A, Friesl-Hanl W, Jäger A, Puschenreiter M, Soja G, Reichenauer T, Watzinger A. Investigations of microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on 13C-labeled phenanthrene in a soil co-contaminated with trace elements using a plant assisted approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6364-6377. [PMID: 29249024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-contaminations of soils with organic and inorganic pollutants are a frequent environmental problem. Due to their toxicity and recalcitrance, the heterogeneous pollutants may persist in soil. The hypothesis of this study was that degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is enhanced if heavy metals in soil are immobilized and their bioavailability reduced. For metal immobilization and enhanced biodegradation, distinct mineral and organic soil amendments (iron oxides, gravel sludge, biochar) were deployed in an incubation batch experiment. The second part of the experiment consisted of a greenhouse pot experiment applying fast-growing and pollution-tolerant woody plants (willow and black locust). Soil amendments initially immobilized NH4NO3-extractable zinc, cadmium, and lead; after 100 days of incubation, soil amendments showed reductions only for cadmium and a tendency to enhance arsenic mobility. In order to monitor the remediation success, a 13C-phenanthrene (PHE) label was applied. 13C-phospholipid fatty acid analysis (13C-PLFA) further enabled the identification of PHE-degrading soil microorganisms. Both experiments exhibited a similar PLFA profile. Gram-negative bacteria (esp. cy17:0, 16:1ω7 + 6, 18:1ω7c) were the most significant microbial group taking up 13C-PHE. Plants effectively increased the label uptake by gram-positive bacteria and increased the biomass of the fungal biomarker, although their contribution to the degradation process was minor. Plants tended to prolong PAH dissipation in soil; at the end of the experiment, however, all treatments showed equally low total PAH concentrations in soil. While black locust plants tended not to take up potentially toxic trace elements, willows accumulated them in their leaves. The results of this study show that the chosen treatments did not enhance the remediation of the experimental soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawra
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Anna Jäger
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Reichenauer
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Watzinger
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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18
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Touceda-González M, Prieto-Fernández Á, Renella G, Giagnoni L, Sessitsch A, Brader G, Kumpiene J, Dimitriou I, Eriksson J, Friesl-Hanl W, Galazka R, Janssen J, Mench M, Müller I, Neu S, Puschenreiter M, Siebielec G, Vangronsveld J, Kidd PS. Microbial community structure and activity in trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged by Gentle Remediation Options (GRO). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:237-251. [PMID: 28802993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gentle remediation options (GRO) are based on the combined use of plants, associated microorganisms and soil amendments, which can potentially restore soil functions and quality. We studied the effects of three GRO (aided-phytostabilisation, in situ stabilisation and phytoexclusion, and aided-phytoextraction) on the soil microbial biomass and respiration, the activities of hydrolase enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S, and bacterial community structure of trace element contaminated soils (TECS) from six field trials across Europe. Community structure was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Bacteria, α- and β-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae, and sequencing of DGGE bands characteristic of specific treatments. The number of copies of genes involved in ammonia oxidation and denitrification were determined by qPCR. Phytomanagement increased soil microbial biomass at three sites and respiration at the Biogeco site (France). Enzyme activities were consistently higher in treated soils compared to untreated soils at the Biogeco site. At this site, microbial biomass increased from 696 to 2352 mg ATP kg-1 soil, respiration increased from 7.4 to 40.1 mg C-CO2 kg-1 soil d-1, and enzyme activities were 2-11-fold higher in treated soils compared to untreated soil. Phytomanagement induced shifts in the bacterial community structure at both, the total community and functional group levels, and generally increased the number of copies of genes involved in the N cycle (nirK, nirS, nosZ, and amoA). The influence of the main soil physico-chemical properties and trace element availability were assessed and eventual site-specific effects elucidated. Overall, our results demonstrate that phytomanagement of TECS influences soil biological activity in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Touceda-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Aptdo. 122, Santiago de Compostela 15780, Spain.
| | - Á Prieto-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Aptdo. 122, Santiago de Compostela 15780, Spain
| | - G Renella
- University of Florence, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, P.le delle Cascine 18, I-50144 Florence, Italy
| | - L Giagnoni
- University of Florence, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, P.le delle Cascine 18, I-50144 Florence, Italy
| | - A Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G Brader
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J Kumpiene
- Luleå University of Technology, Waste Science & Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - I Dimitriou
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Eriksson
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, SE-750 07 Uppsala, 17, Sweden
| | - W Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Energy, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - R Galazka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - J Janssen
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, 23 Agoralaan building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - I Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - S Neu
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - M Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G Siebielec
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - J Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, 23 Agoralaan building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - P S Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Aptdo. 122, Santiago de Compostela 15780, Spain
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19
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Quintela-Sabarís C, Marchand L, Kidd PS, Friesl-Hanl W, Puschenreiter M, Kumpiene J, Müller I, Neu S, Janssen J, Vangronsveld J, Dimitriou I, Siebielec G, Gałązka R, Bert V, Herzig R, Cundy AB, Oustrière N, Kolbas A, Galland W, Mench M. Assessing phytotoxicity of trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged with gentle remediation options at ten European field trials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1388-1398. [PMID: 28531917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gentle remediation options (GRO), i.e. in situ stabilisation, (aided) phytoextraction and (aided) phytostabilisation, were implemented at ten European sites contaminated with trace elements (TE) from various anthropogenic sources: mining, atmospheric fallout, landfill leachates, wood preservatives, dredged-sediments, and dumped wastes. To assess the performance of the GRO options, topsoil was collected from each field trial, potted, and cultivated with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) for 48days. Shoot dry weight (DW) yield, photosynthesis efficiency and major element and TE concentrations in the soil pore water and lettuce shoots were measured. GRO implementation had a limited effect on TE concentrations in the soil pore water, although use of multivariate Co-inertia Analysis revealed a clear amelioration effect in phytomanaged soils. Phytomanagement increased shoot DW yield at all industrial and mine sites, whereas in agricultural soils improvements were produced in one out of five sites. Photosynthesis efficiency was less sensitive than changes in shoot biomass and did not discriminate changes in soil conditions. Based on lettuce shoot DW yield, compost amendment followed by phytoextraction yielded better results than phytostabilisation; moreover shoot ionome data proved that, depending on initial soil conditions, recurrent compost application may be required to maintain crop production with common shoot nutrient concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Quintela-Sabarís
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France; Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | | | - Petra S Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, GmbH, Energy Department, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Jurate Kumpiene
- Luleå University of Technology, Waste Science & Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ingo Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, Pillnitz, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Neu
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, Pillnitz, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jolien Janssen
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, 23 Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, 23 Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Siebielec
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Rafał Gałązka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Valérie Bert
- INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60650 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Rolf Herzig
- Phytotech Foundation (PT-F), and AGB-Bioindikation Umweltbeobachtung und oekologische Planung Quartiergasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | - Aliaksandr Kolbas
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France; Brest State University named after A.S. Poushkin, 224016, Brest, Belarus
| | | | - Michel Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
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Megharaj M, Naidu R. Soil and brownfield bioremediation. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1244-1249. [PMID: 28834380 PMCID: PMC5609233 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons, persistent organic pollutants, halogenated organic chemicals and toxic metal(loid)s is a serious global problem affecting the human and ecological health. Over the past half‐century, the technological and industrial advancements have led to the creation of a large number of brownfields, most of these located in the centre of dense cities all over the world. Restoring these sites and regeneration of urban areas in a sustainable way for beneficial uses is a key priority for all industrialized nations. Bioremediation is considered a safe economical, efficient and sustainable technology for restoring the contaminated sites. This brief review presents an overview of bioremediation technologies in the context of sustainability, their applications and limitations in the reclamation of contaminated sites with an emphasis on brownfields. Also, the use of integrated approaches using the combination of chemical oxidation and bioremediation for persistent organic pollutants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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21
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Oliveira AA, Costa DS, Teixeira IF, Parreira LA, Menini L, Gusevskaya EV, Moura FC. Red mud based gold catalysts in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Hassan TU, Bano A, Naz I. Alleviation of heavy metals toxicity by the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:522-529. [PMID: 27936865 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1267696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine tolerance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in different concentrations of Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Mn, and Pb and to evaluate the PGPR-modulated bioavailability of different heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil and wheat tissues, grown in saline sodic soil. Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas moraviensis were isolated from Cenchrus ciliaris L. growing in the Khewra salt range. Seven-day-old cultures of PGPR were applied on wheat as single inoculum, co-inoculation and carrier-based biofertilizer (using maize straw and sugarcane husk as carrier). At 100 ppm of Cr and Cu, the survival rates of rhizobacteria were decreased by 40%. Single inoculation of PGPR decreased 50% of Co, Ni, Cr and Mn concentrations in the rhizosphere soil. Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatment further augmented the decreases by 15% in Co, Ni, Cr and Mn over single inoculation except Pb and Co where decreases were 40% and 77%, respectively. The maximum decrease in biological concentration factor (BCF) was observed for Cd, Co, Cr, and Mn. P. moraviensis inoculation decreases the biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) as well as translocation factor (TF) for Cd, Cr, Cu Mn, and Ni. The PGPR inoculation minimized the deleterious effects of heavy metals, and the addition of carriers further assisted the PGPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamoor Ul Hassan
- a Department of Plant Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Asghari Bano
- b Department of Biosciences , University of Wah , Wah Cantt , Pakistan
| | - Irum Naz
- a Department of Plant Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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23
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Hua Y, Heal KV, Friesl-Hanl W. The use of red mud as an immobiliser for metal/metalloid-contaminated soil: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:17-30. [PMID: 27914288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the applicability of red mud as an amendment for metal/metalloid-contaminated soil. The varying properties of red muds from different sources are presented as they influence the potentially toxic element (PTE) concentration in amended soil. Experiments conducted worldwide from the laboratory to the field scale are screened and the influencing parameters and processes in soils are highlighted. Overall red mud amendment is likely to contribute to lowering the PTE availability in contaminated soil. This is attributed to the high pH, Fe and Al oxide/oxyhydroxide content of red mud, especially hematite, boehmite, gibbsite and cancrinite phases involved in immobilising metals/metalloids. In most cases red mud amendment resulted in a lowering of metal concentrations in plants. Bacterial activity was intensified in red mud-amended contaminated soil, suggesting the toxicity from PTEs was reduced by red mud, as well as indirect effects due to changes in soil properties. Besides positive effects of red mud amendment, negative effects may also appear (e.g. increased mobility of As, Cu) which require site-specific risk assessments. Red mud remediation of metal/metalloid contaminated sites has the potential benefit of reducing red mud storage and associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kate V Heal
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3400 Tulln, Austria
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24
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Oustriere N, Marchand L, Rosette G, Friesl-Hanl W, Mench M. Wood-derived-biochar combined with compost or iron grit for in situ stabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in a contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7468-7481. [PMID: 28111720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ stabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in an Austrian agricultural soil contaminated by atmospheric depositions from a smelter plant was assessed with a pine bark chip-derived biochar, alone and in combination with either compost or iron grit. Biochar amendment was also trialed in an uncontaminated soil to detect any detrimental effect. The pot experiment consisted in ten soil treatments (% w/w): untreated contaminated soil (Unt); Unt soil amended with biochar alone (1%: B1; 2.5%: B2.5) and in combination: B1 and B2.5 + 5% compost (B1C and B2.5C), B1 and B2.5 + 1% iron grit (B1Z and B2.5Z); uncontaminated soil (Ctrl); Ctrl soil amended with 1 or 2.5% biochar (CtrlB1, CtrlB2.5). After a 3-month reaction period, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled in potted soils and dwarf beans were grown for a 2-week period. The SPW Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased in all amended-contaminated soils. The biochar effects increased with its addition rate and its combination with either compost or iron grit. Shoot Cd and Zn removals by beans were reduced and shoot Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased to common values in all amended soils except the B1 soil. Decreases in the SPW Cd/Pb/Zn concentrations did not improve the root and shoot yields of plants as compared to the Ctrl soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Oustriere
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France.
| | - Lilian Marchand
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Rosette
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michel Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
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25
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Friesl-Hanl W, Platzer K, Riesing J, Horak O, Waldner G, Watzinger A, Gerzabek MH. Non-destructive soil amendment application techniques on heavy metal-contaminated grassland: Success and long-term immobilising efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 186:167-174. [PMID: 27594691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive contamination of grassland with cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) is a typical problem close to Pb/Zn smelter sites. The entry of Cd or Pb into the food chain is very likely, as are toxicity effects of Zn in plants. Previous promising results from pot and field experiments showed the high potential of using amendments for immobilisation to reduce metal input into the food chain via crops grown on smelter-contaminated soils at Arnoldstein (Austria) (Friesl et al., 2006). The aim of this study was to find a practical solution for large-scale contaminations in hilly regions that avoids erosion. Field application of amendments without destroying the vegetation cover (grassland) involved two approaches: (a) slurrying (Slu) the amendments into cut gaps in the vegetation cover and (b) injecting (Inj) the amendments through the vegetation cover. Here, we investigate the immobilising and long-term efficiency of treatments [gravel sludge (2.5%) + red mud (0.5%) (GS + RM)]. Risk assessment was based on soil, plant and water samples taken over a period of 10 years. Ammonium-nitrate-extractable Cd was reduced up to 50%, Pb up to 90%, and Zn over 90%. Plant uptake into the grass mixture and narrow leaf plantain was significantly reduced for Cd, Pb, and Zn. Harvesting early in vegetation period can further reduce uptake and meet the threshold for fodder crops. The reduction of these elements in the seepage water in 24 samplings within these 10 years reached 40%, 45% and 50%, respectively. Immobilisation increased microbial biomass and decreased human bioaccessibility for Pb. Our investigation of the long-term efficiency of GS + RM in all treatments shows that the Slu and Inj amendment application techniques have promising potential as a realistic and practical method for extensively contaminated hilly land. Slurrying performed best. We conclude that grassland remediation methods involving tillage are counterproductive from the viewpoint of bioaccessibility and soil protection and therefore should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Street 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Klaus Platzer
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Street 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johann Riesing
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Street 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Othmar Horak
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Street 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Georg Waldner
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Street 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Watzinger
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Street 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Martin H Gerzabek
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan Street 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Cundy AB, Bardos RP, Puschenreiter M, Mench M, Bert V, Friesl-Hanl W, Müller I, Li XN, Weyens N, Witters N, Vangronsveld J. Brownfields to green fields: Realising wider benefits from practical contaminant phytomanagement strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:67-77. [PMID: 27068275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gentle remediation options (GROs) are risk management strategies or technologies involving plant (phyto-), fungi (myco-), and/or bacteria-based methods that result in a net gain (or at least no gross reduction) in soil function as well as effective risk management. GRO strategies can be customised along contaminant linkages, and can generate a range of wider economic, environmental and societal benefits in contaminated land management (and in brownfields management more widely). The application of GROs as practical on-site remedial solutions is still limited however, particularly in Europe and at trace element (typically metal and metalloid) contaminated sites. This paper discusses challenges to the practical adoption of GROs in contaminated land management, and outlines the decision support tools and best practice guidance developed in the European Commission FP7-funded GREENLAND project aimed at overcoming these challenges. The GREENLAND guidance promotes a refocus from phytoremediation to wider GROs- or phyto-management based approaches which place realisation of wider benefits at the core of site design, and where gentle remediation technologies can be applied as part of integrated, mixed, site risk management solutions or as part of "holding strategies" for vacant sites. The combination of GROs with renewables, both in terms of biomass generation but also with green technologies such as wind and solar power, can provide a range of economic and other benefits and can potentially support the return of low-level contaminated sites to productive usage, while combining GROs with urban design and landscape architecture, and integrating GRO strategies with sustainable urban drainage systems and community gardens/parkland (particularly for health and leisure benefits), has large potential for triggering GRO application and in realising wider benefits in urban and suburban systems. Quantifying these wider benefits and value (above standard economic returns) will be important in leveraging funding for GRO application and soft site end-use more widely at vacant or underutilized sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
| | - R P Bardos
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; r3 Environmental Technology Ltd., Reading, UK
| | - M Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - M Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - V Bert
- INERIS, Clean and Sustainable Technologies and Processes Unit, DRC/RISK, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - W Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology - GmbH, Health & Environment Department, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - I Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - X N Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - N Weyens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - N Witters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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27
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Cui H, Fan Y, Fang G, Zhang H, Su B, Zhou J. Leachability, availability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Cd in a contaminated soil treated with apatite, lime and charcoal: A five-year field experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:148-155. [PMID: 27614261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficiency of apatite, lime and charcoal in regulating Cu and Cd leachability (toxicity characteristic leaching and synthetic precipitation leaching procedures), availability (CaCl2 and MgCl2) and bioaccessibility (simplified bioaccessibility extraction test) in a heavy metal-contaminated soil. Both soil pH and soil organic carbon content were investigated during the five-year field study. The results showed that soil pH and soil organic carbon content increased with application of amendments, but decreased with time in both the control and amended plots. Moreover, the leachability, availability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Cd in amended soils all significantly decreased compared with the control, but increased over time. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with the concentrations of available, leachable and bioaccessible Cu and Cd. Bioaccessible Cu and Cd were positively correlated with the concentrations of available and leachable Cu and Cd, but they were not significantly correlated with soil total Cu and total Cd. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the variability in bioaccessible Cu and Cd was well explained by MgCl2-extractable Cu, CaCl2-extractable Cd and pH, respectively. Although the longevity of amendments decreased with time, apatite was the most effective in decreasing the availability of Cu, compared with lime and charcoal. These findings provide valuable insights for risk management during long-term in situ immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Houxi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Su
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Ramzani PMA, Khan WUD, Iqbal M, Kausar S, Ali S, Rizwan M, Virk ZA. Effect of different amendments on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth, yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality in Ni-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18585-18595. [PMID: 27300164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main staple food crops which is inherently low in micronutrients, especially iron (Fe), and can lead to severe Fe deficiency in populations having higher consumption of rice. Soils polluted with nickel (Ni) can cause toxicity to rice and decreased Fe uptake by rice plants. We investigated the potential role of biochar (BC) and gravel sludge (GS), alone and in combination, for in situ immobilization of Ni in an industrially Ni-contaminated soil at original and sulfur-amended altered soil pH. Our further aim was to increase Fe bioavailability to rice plants by the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate to the Ni-immobilized soil. Application of the mixture of both amendments reduced grain Ni concentration, phytate, Phytate/Fe, Phyt/Zn molar ratios, and soil DTPA-extractable Ni. In addition, the amendment mixture increased 70 % Fe and 229 % ferritin concentrations in rice grains grown in the soil at original pH. The Fe and ferritin concentrations in S-treated soil was increased up to 113 and 383 % relative to control respectively. This enhanced Fe concentration and corresponding ferritin in rice grains can be attributed to Ni/Fe antagonism where Ni has been immobilized by GS and BC mixture. This proposed technique can be used to enhance growth, yield, and Fe biofortification in rice by reducing soil pH while in parallel in situ immobilizing Ni in polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Waqas-Ud-Din Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Salma Kausar
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Abbas Virk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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29
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Yang L, Jiang L, Wang G, Chen Y, Shen Z, Luo C. Assessment of amendments for the immobilization of Cu in soils containing EDDS leachates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16525-16534. [PMID: 26077318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of six soil amendments (ferrihydrite, manganese dioxide, gibbsite, calcium carbonate, biochar, and organic fertilizer) was investigated to assess the feasibility of minimizing possible environmental contaminant leaching during S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS)-enhanced phytoextraction process based on 0.01-M CaCl2 extraction. Results showed that the application of EDDS could significantly increase Cu concentrations in the leaching solution. Compared with control, incorporation of six amendments (excluding organic fertilizer) significantly decreased CaCl2-extractable Cu concentrations in both soils. When EDDS-containing solutions leached from the soil columns (mimicking the upper soil layers) were added to soils with different amendments (mimicking the subsoil), CaCl2-extractable Cu in the soils amended with ferrihydrite, manganese dioxide, gibbsite, and calcium carbonate was significantly lower than that in the control soil (no amendments) and remained relatively constant during the first 14 days. Incorporation of biochar or organic fertilizer had no positive effect on the immobilization of Cu in EDDS leachates in soils. After 14 days, CaCl2-extractable Cu concentration decreased rapidly in soils incorporated with various amendments. Integrating soil washing with biodegradable chelating agents or chelant-enhanced phytoextraction and immobilization of heavy metals in subsoil could be used to rapidly reduce the concentration of bioavailable metal fractions in the upper soil layers and minimize environmental risks of secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Longfei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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García-Sánchez M, García-Romera I, Száková J, Kaplan L, Tlustoš P. The effectiveness of various treatments in changing the nutrient status and bioavailability of risk elements in multi-element contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14325-14336. [PMID: 25976332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Potential changes in the mobility and bioavailability of risk and essential macro- and micro-elements achieved by adding various ameliorative materials were evaluated in a model pot experiment. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was cultivated under controlled condition for 60 days in two soils, uncontaminated Chernozem and multi-element contaminated Fluvisol containing 4900 ± 200 mg/kg Zn, 35.4 ± 3.6 mg/kg Cd, and 3035 ± 26 mg/kg Pb. The treatments were all contained the same amount of sulfur and were as follows: (i) digestate from the anaerobic fermentation of biowaste, (ii) fly ash from wood chip combustion, and (iii) ammonium sulfate. Macro- and micro-nutrients Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, P, and S, and risk elements Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were assayed in soil extracts with 0.11 mol/l solution of CH3COOH and in roots, shoots, and grain of wheat after 30 and 60 days of cultivation. Both digestate and fly ash increased levels of macro- and micro-nutrients as well as risk elements (especially Cd and Zn; the mobility of Pb decreased after 30 days of cultivation). The changes in element mobility in ammonium sulfate-treated soils appear to be due to both changes in soil pH level and inter-element interactions. Ammonium sulfate tended to be the most effective measure for increasing nutrient uptake by plants in Chernozem but with opposite pattern in Fluvisol. Changes in plant yield and element uptake in treated plants may have been associated with the higher proline content of wheat shoots cultivated in both soils compared to control. None of the treatments decreased uptake of risk elements by wheat plants in the extremely contaminated Fluvisol, and their accumulation in wheat grains significantly exceeded maximum permissible levels; these treatments cannot be used to enable cereal and other crop production in such soils. However, the combination of increased plant growth alongside unchanged element content in plant biomass in pots treated with digestate and fly ash suggests that these treatments have a beneficial impact on yield and may be effective treatments in crops grown for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes García-Sánchez
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Cundy A, Bardos P, Puschenreiter M, Witters N, Mench M, Bert V, Friesl-Hanl W, Müller I, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J. Developing Effective Decision Support for the Application of “Gentle” Remediation Options: The GREENLAND Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
| | - Nele Witters
- Environmental Economics Research Group at the Centre for Environmental Sciences at Hasselt University
| | | | | | | | - Ingo Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Germany
| | - Nele Weyens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences at Hasselt University
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Gall JE, Boyd RS, Rajakaruna N. Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:201. [PMID: 25800370 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are released into the environment by both anthropogenic and natural sources. Highly reactive and often toxic at low concentrations, they may enter soils and groundwater, bioaccumulate in food webs, and adversely affect biota. Heavy metals also may remain in the environment for years, posing long-term risks to life well after point sources of heavy metal pollution have been removed. In this review, we compile studies of the community-level effects of heavy metal pollution, including heavy metal transfer from soils to plants, microbes, invertebrates, and to both small and large mammals (including humans). Many factors contribute to heavy metal accumulation in animals including behavior, physiology, and diet. Biotic effects of heavy metals are often quite different for essential and non-essential heavy metals, and vary depending on the specific metal involved. They also differ for adapted organisms, including metallophyte plants and heavy metal-tolerant insects, which occur in naturally high-metal habitats (such as serpentine soils) and have adaptations that allow them to tolerate exposure to relatively high concentrations of some heavy metals. Some metallophyte plants are hyperaccumulators of certain heavy metals and new technologies using them to clean metal-contaminated soil (phytoextraction) may offer economically attractive solutions to some metal pollution challenges. These new technologies provide incentive to catalog and protect the unique biodiversity of habitats that have naturally high levels of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Gall
- College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
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Kidd P, Mench M, Álvarez-López V, Bert V, Dimitriou I, Friesl-Hanl W, Herzig R, Janssen JO, Kolbas A, Müller I, Neu S, Renella G, Ruttens A, Vangronsveld J, Puschenreiter M. Agronomic Practices for Improving Gentle Remediation of Trace Element-Contaminated Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:1005-1037. [PMID: 25581041 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.1003788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably include in situ contaminant stabilization ("inactivation") and plant-based (generally termed "phytoremediation") options. For trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, GRO aim to either decrease their labile pool and/or total content in the soil, thereby reducing related pollutant linkages. Much research has been dedicated to the screening and selection of TE-tolerant plant species and genotypes for application in GRO. However, the number of field trials demonstrating successful GRO remains well below the number of studies carried out at a greenhouse level. The move from greenhouse to field conditions requires incorporating agronomical knowledge into the remediation process and the ecological restoration of ecosystem services. This review summarizes agronomic practices against their demonstrated or potential positive effect on GRO performance, including plant selection, soil management practices, crop rotation, short rotation coppice, intercropping/row cropping, planting methods and plant densities, harvest and fertilization management, pest and weed control and irrigation management. Potentially negative effects of GRO, e.g., the introduction of potentially invasive species, are also discussed. Lessons learnt from long-term European field case sites are given for aiding the choice of appropriate management practices and plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kidd
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Michel Mench
- b INRA, UMR BIOGECO, Cestas , France; University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO , Pessac , France , France
| | - Vanessa Álvarez-López
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Valérie Bert
- c INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes , Verneuil en Halatte , France
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- d Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences , Department of Crop Production Ecology , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- e AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Health and Environment Department , Tulln , Austria
| | - Rolf Herzig
- f Phytotech Foundation (PT-F), and AGB-Bioindikation , Umweltbeobachtung und oekologische Planung Quartiergasse , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Jolien Olga Janssen
- g Hasselt University , Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Aliaksandr Kolbas
- b INRA, UMR BIOGECO, Cestas , France; University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO , Pessac , France , France
- h Brest State University named after A.S. Pushkin , Brest , Belarus
| | - Ingo Müller
- i Saxon State Office for Environment , Agriculture and Geology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Silke Neu
- i Saxon State Office for Environment , Agriculture and Geology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- j University of Florence , Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences , Florence , Italy
| | - Ann Ruttens
- g Hasselt University , Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- g Hasselt University , Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- k University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU , Department of Forest and Soil Sciences , Tulln , Austria
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Frišták V, Pipíška M, Lesný J, Soja G, Friesl-Hanl W, Packová A. Utilization of biochar sorbents for Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions separation from aqueous solutions: comparative study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4093. [PMID: 25407990 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to study the utilization of two different woody-derived biochars for Cd(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+) ions separation from aqueous solutions. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the main differences in sorbent surface area and cation-exchange capacity. The maximum cadmium, zinc, and copper sorption capacities were 1.99, 0.97, and 2.50 mg g(-1) for biochar (BC) A; 7.80, 2.23, and 3.65 mg g(-1) for BC B. Sorption processes can be affected by time and pH. The most of sorbed cadmium and zinc were bound on exchangeable fractions and copper oxidizable fractions. Chemical modification and FT-IR analyses confirmed the crucial roles of hydroxyl and mainly carboxyl functional groups in sorption processes of Cd(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+) ions by BC A and BC B. The garden wood rests with leaf mass-derived biochar can be utilized as an effective sorbent for bivalent ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Frišták
- Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, J. Herdu 2, Trnava, 917 01, Slovak Republic,
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Kumpiene J, Bert V, Dimitriou I, Eriksson J, Friesl-Hanl W, Galazka R, Herzig R, Janssen J, Kidd P, Mench M, Müller I, Neu S, Oustriere N, Puschenreiter M, Renella G, Roumier PH, Siebielec G, Vangronsveld J, Manier N. Selecting chemical and ecotoxicological test batteries for risk assessment of trace element-contaminated soils (phyto)managed by gentle remediation options (GRO). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:510-522. [PMID: 25108253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades a number of field trials with gentle remediation options (GRO) have been established on trace element (TE) contaminated sites throughout Europe. Each research group selects different methods to assess the remediation success making it difficult to compare efficacy between various sites and treatments. This study aimed at selecting a minimum risk assessment battery combining chemical and ecotoxicological assays for assessing and comparing the effectiveness of GRO implemented in seven European case studies. Two test batteries were pre-selected; a chemical one for quantifying TE exposure in untreated soils and GRO-managed soils and a biological one for characterizing soil functionality and ecotoxicity. Soil samples from field studies representing one of the main GROs (phytoextraction in Belgium, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland, aided phytoextraction in France, and aided phytostabilization or in situ stabilization/phytoexclusion in Poland, France and Austria) were collected and assessed using the selected test batteries. The best correlations were obtained between NH4NO3-extractable, followed by NaNO3-extractable TE and the ecotoxicological responses. Biometrical parameters and biomarkers of dwarf beans were the most responsive indicators for the soil treatments and changes in soil TE exposures. Plant growth was inhibited at the higher extractable TE concentrations, while plant stress enzyme activities increased with the higher TE extractability. Based on these results, a minimum risk assessment battery to compare/biomonitor the sites phytomanaged by GROs might consist of the NH4NO3 extraction and the bean Plantox test including the stress enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Kumpiene
- Luleå University of Technology, Waste Science & Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Valérie Bert
- INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Eriksson
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rafal Galazka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Rolf Herzig
- Phytotech Foundation and AGB, Quartiergasse 12, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jolien Janssen
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Michel Mench
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ingo Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Silke Neu
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Nadège Oustriere
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- University of Florence, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, P.le delle Cascine 28, I-50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre-Hervé Roumier
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Grzegorz Siebielec
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Expertise and Assays in Ecotoxicology, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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Li B, Yang J, Wei D, Chen S, Li J, Ma Y. Field evidence of cadmium phytoavailability decreased effectively by rape straw and/or red mud with zinc sulphate in a Cd-contaminated calcareous soil. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109967. [PMID: 25303439 PMCID: PMC4193849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce Cd phytoavailability in calcareous soils, the effects of soil amendments of red mud, rape straw, and corn straw in combination with zinc fertilization on Cd extractability and phytoavailability to spinach, tomato, Chinese cabbage and radish were investigated in a calcareous soil with added Cd at 1.5 mg kg−1. The results showed that water soluble and exchangeable Cd in soils was significantly decreased by the amendments themselves from 26% to 70%, which resulted in marked decrease by approximately from 34% to 77% in Cd concentration in vegetables. The amendments plus Zn fertilization further decreased the Cd concentration in vegetables. Also cruciferous rape straw was more effective than gramineous corn straw. In all treatments, rape straw plus red mud combined with Zn fertilization was most effective in decreasing Cd phytoavailability in soils, and it is potential to be an efficient and cost-effective measure to ensure food safety for vegetable production in mildly Cd-contaminated calcareous soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Junxing Yang
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongpu Wei
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shibao Chen
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jumei Li
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Ma
- National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Thangarajan R, Kumpiene J, Park J, Makino T, Kirkham MB, Scheckel K. Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils--to mobilize or to immobilize? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 266:141-66. [PMID: 24394669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Unlike organic contaminants, metal(loid)s do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation and persist for a long time after their introduction. Bioavailability of metal(loid)s plays a vital role in the remediation of contaminated soils. In this review, the remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils through manipulating their bioavailability using a range of soil amendments will be presented. Mobilizing amendments such as chelating and desorbing agents increase the bioavailability and mobility of metal(loid)s. Immobilizing amendments such of precipitating agents and sorbent materials decrease the bioavailabilty and mobility of metal(loid)s. Mobilizing agents can be used to enhance the removal of heavy metal(loid)s though plant uptake and soil washing. Immobilizing agents can be used to reduce the transfer to metal(loid)s to food chain via plant uptake and leaching to groundwater. One of the major limitations of mobilizing technique is susceptibility to leaching of the mobilized heavy metal(loid)s in the absence of active plant uptake. Similarly, in the case of the immobilization technique the long-term stability of the immobilized heavy metal(loid)s needs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthi Bolan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Thangarajan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jurate Kumpiene
- Waste Science and Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Jinhee Park
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Tomoyuki Makino
- Soil Environmental Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mary Beth Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kirk Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
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Cundy AB, Bardos RP, Church A, Puschenreiter M, Friesl-Hanl W, Müller I, Neu S, Mench M, Witters N, Vangronsveld J. Developing principles of sustainability and stakeholder engagement for "gentle" remediation approaches: the European context. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:283-291. [PMID: 23973957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are risk management strategies or techniques for contaminated sites that result in no gross reduction in soil functionality (or a net gain) as well as risk management. Intelligently applied GROs can provide: (a) rapid risk management via pathway control, through containment and stabilisation, coupled with a longer term removal or immobilisation/isolation of the contaminant source term; and (b) a range of additional economic (e.g. biomass generation), social (e.g. leisure and recreation) and environmental (e.g. CO2 sequestration) benefits. In order for these benefits to be optimised or indeed realised, effective stakeholder engagement is required. This paper reviews current sector practice in stakeholder engagement and its importance when implementing GRO and other remediation options. From this, knowledge gaps are identified, and strategies to promote more effective stakeholder engagement during GRO application are outlined. Further work is required on integrating stakeholder engagement strategies into decision support systems and tools for GRO (to raise the profile of the benefits of effective stakeholder engagement and participation, particularly with sector professionals), and developing criteria for the identification of different stakeholder profiles/categories. Demonstrator sites can make a significant contribution to stakeholder engagement via providing evidence on the effectiveness of GRO under varying site contexts and conditions. Effective and sustained engagement strategies however will be required to ensure that site risk is effectively managed over the longer-term, and that full potential benefits of GRO (e.g. CO2 sequestration, economic returns from biomass generation and "leverage" of marginal land, amenity and educational value, ecosystem services) are realised and communicated to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
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Udovic M, Drobne D, Lestan D. An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:1105-1110. [PMID: 23415990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The terrestrial isopod (Porcellio scaber) was used to assess the remediation efficiency of limestone and a mixture of gravel sludge and red mud as stabilizing agents of Pb, Zn and Cd in industrially polluted soil, which contains 800, 540 and 7mgkg(-1) of Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively. The aim of our study was to compare and evaluate the results of the biological and non-biological assessment of metal bioavailability after soil remediation. Results of a 14d bioaccumulation test with P. scaber showed that that Pb and Zn stabilization were more successful with gravel sludge and red mud, while Cd was better stabilized and thus less bioavailable following limestone treatment. In vivo bioaccumulation tests confirmed the results of chemical bioaccessibility, however it was more sensitive. Biotesting with isopods is a relevant approach for fast screening of bioavailability of metals in soils which includes temporal and spatial components. CAPSULE Bioavailability assessed by P. scaber is a more relevant and sensitive measure of metal bioavailability than chemical bioaccessibility testing in remediated industrially polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Udovic
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Science, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Siebers N, Leinweber P. Bone char: a clean and renewable phosphorus fertilizer with cadmium immobilization capability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:405-411. [PMID: 23673832 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with Cd from P fertilizer and other anthropogenic and geogenic sources is a serious problem. In situ immobilization by P application to soil is known as an applicable remediation technique leading to reduced Cd uptake by plants, and use of a Cd-free P fertilizer from renewable sources would be most favorable. Bone char (BC) (15% P, 28% Ca, 0.7% Mg) may be used as such a quality P fertilizer, but it is unknown if its dissolution in soil provides sufficient P and immobilizes Cd in moderately contaminated soils. We incubated BC and triple superphosphate (TSP) in 11 soils that contained between 0.3 to 19.6 mg Cd kg and determined the kinetics of P dissolution during a time period of 145 d. The concomitant Cd immobilization was determined by extracting the mobile Cd with 1 mol L NHNO solution. For most soils, BC increased the concentration of labile P immediately after application, reaching a maximum after 34 d, although the solubility was below that of TSP (2.9-19.3 vs. 4.1-24.0%). Among five kinetic models, the Langmuir-type equation provided the best description of P dissolution from BC and TSP. The Cd immobilization resulting from BC dissolution exceeded that of TSP by a factor of 1.4 to 2.7. The P dissolution from BC was negatively correlated with pH and positively with P sorption capacity, whereas Cd immobilization was positively correlated with soil pH. These causal relationships were expressed in multiple equations that enable predictions of P dissolution and Cd immobilization and thus may help to introduce BC as sustainable P fertilizer and useful soil amendment.
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Tica D, Udovic M, Lestan D. Long-term efficiency of soil stabilization with apatite and Slovakite: the impact of two earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris and Dendrobaena veneta) on lead bioaccessibility and soil functioning. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:1-6. [PMID: 23219407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Remediation soil is exposed to various environmental factors over time that can affect the final success of the operation. In the present study, we assessed Pb bioaccessibility and microbial activity in industrially polluted soil (Arnoldstein, Austria) stabilized with 5% (w/w) of Slovakite and 5% (w/w) of apatite soil after exposure to two earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Dendrobaena veneta, used as model environmental biotic soil factors. Stabilization resulted in reduced Pb bioaccessibility, as assessed with one-step extraction tests and six-step sequential extraction, and improved soil functioning, mirrored in reduced β-glucosidase activity in soil. Both earthworm species increased Pb bioaccessibility, thus decreasing the initial stabilization efficacy and indicating the importance of considering the long-term fate of remediated soil. The earthworm species had different effects on soil enzyme activity, which can be attributed to species-specific microbial populations in earthworm gut acting on the ingested soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tica
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Iqbal M, Puschenreiter M, Oburger E, Santner J, Wenzel WW. Sulfur-aided phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by Salix smithiana combined with in situ metal immobilization by gravel sludge and red mud. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 170:222-231. [PMID: 22842051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As phytoextraction implementation may be limited by metal toxicity and leaching, we investigated the idea of in situ metal immobilization in bulk soil, while increasing metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere. Salix smithiana was grown in a pot experiment on two Cd/Zn polluted soils. Treatments with or without willows included: no additives; gravel sludge + red mud kg(-1); acidification with S to pH 3.5; and metal immobilization combined with soil acidification. Salix smithiana removed up to 0.78 ± 0.06% total Cd and 0.34% (±0.02) total Zn from the non-treated soils. The phytoextraction efficiency in the S treatments was enhanced by up to ~50% in response to metal solubility that was magnified by reductive co-dissolution from Mn (IV) and Fe(III) (oxy)hydroxides during microbial S oxidation in the willow rhizosphere. The proposed technique proved to enhance phytoextraction efficiency while controlling the risk of metal leaching from the root zone and phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Tulln, Austria
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Chenery SR, Izquierdo M, Marzouk E, Klinck B, Palumbo-Roe B, Tye AM. Soil-plant interactions and the uptake of Pb at abandoned mining sites in the Rookhope catchment of the N. Pennines, UK--a Pb isotope study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 433:547-560. [PMID: 22464962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines Pb concentrations and sources in soil, grass and heather from the Rookhope catchment in the North Pennines, UK, an area of historical Pb and Zn mining and smelting. Currently, the area has extensive livestock and sports shooting industries. Risk assessment, using the source-pathway-receptor paradigm, requires the quantification of source terms and an understanding of the many factors determining the concentration of Pb in plants. A paired soil and vegetation (grass and heather) geochemical survey was undertaken. Results showed no direct correlation between soil (total or EDTA extractable Pb) and vegetation Pb concentration. However, regression modelling based on the Free-Ion Activity Model (FIAM) suggested that the underlying mechanism determining grass Pb concentration across the catchment was largely through root uptake. Spatial patterns of (206/207)Pb isotopes suggested greater aerosol deposition of Pb on high moorland and prevailing wind facing slopes. This was evident in the isotopic ratios of the heather plants. Pb isotope analysis showed that new growth heather tips typically had (206/207)Pb values of ~1.14, whilst grass shoots typically had values ~1.16 and bulk soil and peat ~1.18. However, the (206/207)Pb ratio in the top few cm of peat was ~1.16 suggesting that grass was accessing Pb from a historical/recent pool of Pb in soil/peat profiles and consisting of both Pennine ore Pb and long-range Pb deposition. Isotope Dilution assays on the peat showed a lability of between 40 and 60%. A simple source apportionment model applied to samples where the isotope ratios was not within the range of the local Pennine Pb, suggested that grass samples contained up to 31% of non-Pennine Pb. This suggests that the historical/recent reservoir of non-Pennine Pb accessed by roots continues to be a persistent contaminant source despite the principal petrol Pb source being phased out over a decade ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chenery
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
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44
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Tica D, Udovic M, Lestan D. Immobilization of potentially toxic metals using different soil amendments. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:577-83. [PMID: 21767865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The in situ stabilization of potentially toxic metals (PTMs), using various easily available amendments, is a cost-effective remediation method for contaminated soils. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of apatite and a commercial mixture of dolomite, diatomite, smectite basaltic tuff, bentonite, alginite and zeolite (Slovakite) on Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd stabilization by means of decreasing their bioavailability in contaminated soil from an old lead and zinc smelter site in Arnoldstein, Austria. We also investigated the impact of 5% (w/w) apatite and Slovakite applications on soil functionality and quality, as assessed by glucose-induced soil respiration, dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase activity. Both amendments resulted in increased soil pH and decreased PTM potential bioavailability assessed by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extraction and by sequential extractions in the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. The efficiency of stabilization was reflected in the soil respiration rate and in enzymatic activity. The β-glucosidase activity assay was the most responsive of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tica
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hermanussen M, Godina E, Rühli F, Blaha P, Boldsen J, van Buuren S, MacIntyre M, Aßmann C, Ghosh A, de Stefano G, Sonkin V, Tresguerres J, Meigen C, Scheffler C, Geiger C, Lieberman L. Growth variation, final height and secular trend. Proceedings of the 17th Aschauer Soiree, 7th November 2009. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2010; 61:277-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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