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Bashir Z, Raj D, Selvasembian R. A combined bibliometric and sustainable approach of phytostabilization towards eco-restoration of coal mine overburden dumps. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142774. [PMID: 38969231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Extraction of coal through opencast mining leads to the buildup of heaps of overburden (OB) material, which poses a significant risk to production safety and environmental stability. A systematic bibliometric analysis to identify research trends and gaps, and evaluate the impact of studies and authors in the field related to coal OB phytostabilization was conducted. Key issues associated with coal extraction include land degradation, surface and groundwater contamination, slope instability, erosion and biodiversity loss. Handling coal OB material intensifies such issues, initiating additional environmental and physical challenges. The conventional approach such as topsoiling for OB restoration fails to restore essential soil properties crucial for sustainable vegetation cover. Phytostabilization approach involves establishing a self-sustaining plant cover over OB dump surfaces emerges as a viable strategy for OB restoration. This method enhanced by the supplement of organic amendments boosts the restoration of OB dumps by improving rhizosphere properties conducive to plant growth and contaminant uptake. Criteria essential for plant selection in phytostabilization are critically evaluated. Native plant species adapted to local climatic and ecological conditions are identified as key agents in stabilizing contaminants, reducing soil erosion, and enhancing ecosystem functions. Applicable case studies of successful phytostabilization of coal mines using native plants, offering practical recommendations for species selection in coal mine reclamation projects are provided. This review contributes to sustainable approaches for mitigating the environmental consequences of coal mining and facilitates the ecological recovery of degraded landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Bashir
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Deep Raj
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India.
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India.
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2
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Lovrenčić Mikelić I, Oreščanin V, Cukrov N, Tomašić N, Rubčić M, Barišić D. Relationships between radionuclides, metals, and sediment properties in sediment of a bay exposed to anthropogenic pressure and mixed sediment sources (Kaštela Bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115731. [PMID: 37939518 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides, metals, organic matter, sediment grain size, mineral composition, and sediment sources were studied in marine sediment of Kaštela Bay up to a depth of 0.5 m. Deposition of man-modified material into the sea was evidenced in sediment mineral composition. Presence of pyrite and hematite in this sediment may pose an environmental concern. Metals, radionuclides, and organic matter were grouped in three groups: (i) variables under no anthropogenic influence and preferentially associated with carbonates (Ca, Sr); (ii) variables under no or weak anthropogenic influence and preferentially associated with aluminosilicates (Al, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, Rb, Y, 40K, 232Th); (iii) variables under notable anthropogenic influence and/or natural processes of separation (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, 226Ra, 238U, 137Cs, organic matter). Predominant influencing parameters change with sediment depth for some variables. Anthropogenic influence was the most emphasised for Cu, Zn, and Pb, followed by 137Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Lovrenčić Mikelić
- Laboratory for Low-Level Radioactivities, Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Neven Cukrov
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Traces, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nenad Tomašić
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Delko Barišić
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Geochemical and Morphological Evaluations of Organic and Mineral Aerosols in Coal Mining Areas: A Case Study of Santa Catarina, Brazil. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous researchers have described the correlation between the short-term contact of nano-particulate (NP) matter in diverse coal phases and amplified death or hospitalizations for breathing disorders in humans. However, few reports have examined the short-term consequences of source-specific nanoparticles (NPs) on coal mining areas. Advanced microscopic techniques can detect the ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and nanoparticles that contain potential hazardous elements (PHEs) generated in coal mining areas. Secondary aerosols that cause multiple and complex groups of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) can be collected on dry deposition. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were employed to detect and define the magnitude of particulate matters on restaurants walls at coal mines due to weathering interactions. The low cost self-made passive sampler (SMPS) documented several minerals and amorphous phases. The results showed that most of the detected coal minerals exist in combined form as numerous complexes comprising significant elements (e.g., Al, C, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti), whereas others exist as amorphous or organic compounds. Based on the analytical approach, the study findings present a comprehensive understanding of existing potential hazardous elements in the nanoparticles and ultrafine particles from coal mining areas in Brazil.
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Silva LFO, Lozano LP, Oliveira MLS, da Boit K, Gonçalves JO, Neckel A. Identification of hazardous nanoparticles present in the Caribbean Sea for the allocation of future preservation projects. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112425. [PMID: 33940370 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of remaining nanoparticles in the Caribbean Sea generates the formation of potentially dangerous elements, which influence at the imbalance of ecosystems. The detection of nanoparticles is not simple and the use of conventional methods is difficult application, which is why we highlight the immediacy and importance of this research for the areas of marine biology, urbanism, engineering and geosciences, applied in the Caribbean Sea. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the use of advanced methods for the determination of toxic nanoparticles, which can directly affect the development of marine organisms in the aquatic ecosystem in waters of the Caribbean Sea, favoring the construction of future international public policies with the elaboration of projects capable of mitigating these levels of contamination. The morphology and structure of nanoparticles were analyzed by emission scanning electron microscope with a high-resolution electron microscope. The nanoparticles smaller than 97 nm were identified in different proportions. The morphological analyses indicated nanoparticles' presence in the form of nanotubes, nanospheres, and nanofibers, which were shown in an agglomerated form. The presence of potentially hazardous elements, such as As, Cd, Pb, Mg, Ni and V were verified. In addition, the presence of asbestos in the form of minerals was confirmed, and that of titanium dioxide was found in large quantities. The results provide new data and emphasize the possible consequences to the in the Caribbean Sea, with the identification of dangerous elements (As, Cb, Pb, Hg, Ni and V), harmful to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need for strict control to reduce contamination of the Caribbean Sea and avoid risks to the ecosystem and public health, through suggestions of international public policies, through constant monitoring and the application of environmental recovery projects in this marine estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Liliana P Lozano
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600, Santiago de Surco 1503, Peru
| | - Kátia da Boit
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Janaína O Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alcindo Neckel
- Faculdade Meridional, IMED, 304-, Passo Fundo, RS 99070-220, Brazil
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Donado EP, Oliveira MLS, Gonçalves JO, Dotto GL, Silva LFO. Soil contamination in Colombian playgrounds: effects of vehicles, construction, and traffic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:166-176. [PMID: 32632686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in playground soils is generally associated with anthropogenic sources such as vehicle traffic, industries, construction sites, and biomass burning. Studies indicate that PHEs are harmful to human health and may even be carcinogenic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, morphological, and mineralogical properties of soil samples from three public playgrounds located in the cities of Bogota, Medellin, and Barranquilla. Besides, the possible impacts caused by the aerodynamics of particles in Colombian cities were verified. The morphology, composition, and structure of the nanoparticles (NPs) (< 100 nm) present in these soils were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with high-precision field emission (FE) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Soil samples were predominantly feldspar, quartz, and, to a lesser extent, clay minerals, carbonates, and hematites. The average content of PHEs was anthropogenically enriched in relation to the upper continental crust. As and Sn showed a large spatial variation, indicating the influence of local sources, such as vehicle traffic and industries. There is an inverse relationship between the total concentrations of some elements and their leachable fractions. The accumulation of traffic-derived PHEs has a negative impact on human health and the environment, which is alarming, especially for elements such as Pb, Sb, or As. Therefore, the presence of PHEs should receive greater attention from public health professionals, and limits should be set and exposures controlled. This study includes the construction of a baseline that provides basic information on pollution, its sources, and exposure routes for humans in the vicinity of Colombia's major cities, characterized by their increasing urbanization and industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Donado
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55 - 66, Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55 - 66, Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Janaína O Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55 - 66, Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Silva LFO, Pinto D, Lima BD. Implications of iron nanoparticles in spontaneous coal combustion and the effects on climatic variables. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126814. [PMID: 32334262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmosphere, water, and soil contamination with toxic compounds is a recurrent issue due to environmental disasters, coal burning, urbanization, and industrialization, allf of which have contributed to soil contamination over the decades. Consequently, understanding of the nanomineralogy and potential hazardous elements (PHEs) in coal area soil are always a vital topic since contaminated soil can affect the environment, agricultural safety, and human health. Colombian coal mining in the La Guajira zone has been usually been related with important health and ecological effects. Coalmine rejects from active and/or abandoned operations are causes of high intensities of potential hazardous elements (PHEs) and nanoparticles (NPs, minerals and/or amorphous compounds). Although these pollutants can be reduced by sorption to NPs, in this study was recognized an analytical procedure for understand distribution of PHEs and their relationship to iron NPs(Fe-NPs) was recognized. Non and poorrly crystalline Fe-NPs performances as the major PHEs association. This complex interaction is constant and efficient in resolving PHEs in proportions above monitoring quantities. The indefinite basis of PHEs in Colombian (La Guajira area) coalmine rejects sources results in years-long leaching of PHEs into rivers and drainages. The iron-clays and their great geomobility interfere the mitigating character that Fe hydr/oxides alone show through adsorption of PHEs and their control in spontaneous coal combustion (SCC) zones. This can have significant consequences to the probable availability of several pollutants (e.g. drinking water). The new results presented in this study add novel viewpoints into the description of Fe-NPs and its incidence in SCC areas. The methodology utilized in this work can be applied as a supplementary technique to evaluate the influence of coalmining actions on ecological and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Diana Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
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8
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Silva LFO, Pinto D, Neckel A, Dotto GL, Oliveira MLS. The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126838. [PMID: 32362443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of the prevalence of agglomerated nanoparticles (ANPs) containing potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in the atmosphere is an emerging field of research. As such, the development of effective analytical procedures for the documentation of ANPs in air dust is vital for the evaluation of human health consequences. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS) and advanced microscopy (AM) analyses of levels of pollutant concentration have been completed for many years in buildings worldwide. The chemical and mineralogical features of the Fortress of Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Araçatuba in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina were utilized to catalog the geologic makeup of the structure's raw materials. Analyses of diverse categories of historical building were developed and performed to show the incidence of normal and anthropogenic compounds with PHEs. These geochemical effects and the subsequent fate and transport of nanoparticulate and colloidal (1-1000 nm) compounds in the atmosphere have remained a focus of study for many years. However, the data published in the scientific literature is nowhere near adequate to generate an exhaustive standard of the performance, fate, and transport of natural and anthropogenic ANPs in the atmosphere. Studies to date do provide a preliminary argument for the human health risk calculations from historical buildings due to ANPs. Thus, the geochemical makeup of ANPs and their position in collected nanomineral-organic accumulations may offer some insight into their source. Our ability to detect such ANPs may decrease over time due to the tendency of historical buildings to accrete sludge over the years. The occurrence of PHEs in atmospheric ANPs has not formerly been recognized on the island environment examined in this study. However, it has been shown that it presents a clear and present danger to the preservation of historical monuments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Diana Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Alcindo Neckel
- Faculdade Meridional IMED, 304- Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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9
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Silva LFO, Oliveira MLS, Gonçalves JO, Dotto GL. Identification of mercury and nanoparticles in roots with different oxidation states of an abandoned coal mine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24380-24386. [PMID: 32304064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and composition of roots with different degrees of oxidation as a function of time were evaluated aiming to identify possible hazardous elements and nanoparticles. The roots were obtained from an abandoned coal mine located in the city of Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil. From the roots, analyses were performed to identify nanoparticles (NPs) and ultrafine particles (UFPs), containing possible hazardous elements (PHEs) that cause potential environmental risks and impacts on human health. The identification of nanoscale materials requires greater robustness, so advanced integrated techniques have been used. The characterization of different types of roots was done by using focused ion beam (FIB), to evaluate nano-compound assemblies with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (HR-TEM/EDS). The results showed the presence of NPs containing Hg, Co, Cr, Ni, and V. The presence of these elements has increased consistently with the increase of C concentration in the roots, suggesting that the PHEs were gradually released from organic matter and inorganic minerals of coal. However, even with their decrease in roots, it was found that these elements still remained in the soil in significant quantities, even after 15 years of inactivation of the coal mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Oliveira Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Marcos Leandro Silva Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
- IMED Southern College, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil
| | - Janaína Oliveira Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Silva LFO, Crissien TJ, Milanes C, Sampaio CH. A three-dimensional nanoscale study in selected coal mine drainage. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125946. [PMID: 32014636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediments from coal mine drainages (CMDs) contain large quantities of suspended pollutants (possibly numerous chemical substances) along with sulfates and hazardous elements (e.g., chromium, zinc, copper, lead) that irreversibly accumulate in the water. As this accumulation can continue for decades after discontinuation of coal extraction, it is necessary to employ multidisciplinary approaches to control the threat in such zones. The quantity of amorphous material in some CMDs was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using the Rietveld-based SIROQUANT software package. Modern Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (FIB), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (H-TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used to evaluate the occurrence and transformation of nanophases (NPs). FIB is used to determine the 3D distribution of different species (internal structure) within individual NPs, whereas EDS is used to observe NP features (e.g., shape, constituent, range, assembly, and form of polymerization). The mineralogy of the sediment from the Brazilian CMDs, including the proportions of quartz, clays, Al-Fe-oxides, and amorphous NPs, appears to be related to the nature of the mineral matter in the relevant coal cleaning rejects (CCRs). The sediments of CMDs from the Brazilian coal area derived at a lower-pH range have different amorphous compositions as compared to those derived at a higher pH range. These special amorphous compositions are shown to be related to several other sediment properties such as particle surface area. The information gleaned in this study will be useful for further geochemical evaluation of CMDs in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Tito J Crissien
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Celene Milanes
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Carlos H Sampaio
- Department d'Enginyeria Minera, Industrial i TIC, Serra Húnter Prof, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech, Av. Bases de Manresa 61-63, Manresa, 08242, Barcelona, Spain
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Silva LFO, Milanes C, Pinto D, Ramirez O, Lima BD. Multiple hazardous elements in nanoparticulate matter from a Caribbean industrialized atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124776. [PMID: 31526988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern microscopy studies are capable of revealing ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) that are produced in the processes related to traffic vehicular, industrial, metropolitan, and marine aerosol dry deposition in the coastal zones. Especially, secondary aerosol passages complexes categories of NPs and UFPs, which can be accumulated on construction compounds and by dry deposition, encourages multiples monuments deterioration routes. The advanced electron microscopies method is one of the most utilized in environmental studies. Between the different industrial areas in the world, the Caribbean area is the most relevant symbols of air quality due to climatic conditions with strong winds, but this study shows that regionally the most industrialized region does not have an adequate air quality. In the present work, electron microscopy analyses are used to describe of the extent of ultra-fine particle and nanoparticles in walls in contact to weathering. Numerous phases were recognized by advanced mineralogy methods. Thanks to the new analytical procedure it was feasible to understand NPs and UFPs; the occurrence of potential hazardous elements (PHEs), most of them as minerals but also combined in multiple accumulations with Al-Cr-Fe-K-Mg-Pb-Si-Ti-Zn amorphous; and carbonaceous phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950-Cristo Rei, RS, 93022-000, Brazil.
| | - Celene Milanes
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Diana Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Omar Ramirez
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Programa Ingeniería Ambiental, Km 2 vía Cajicá-Zipaquirá, Colombia
| | - Bianca D Lima
- Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950-Cristo Rei, RS, 93022-000, Brazil
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Oliveira MLS, Ramirez O, Schneider IL, Teixeira EC, Silva LFO. A realistic study of 3D composition of carbon nanotubes and carbonaceous nanocompounds from different soils around coal power plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124534. [PMID: 31549651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Information on the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on topsoil around coal power plants (CPPs) is still very limited. In the present work, the influences of MWCNTs on potential hazardous elements (PHEs) and environmental carbonaceous compounds in agrarian topsoil around CPPs of Latin America were investigated. The environmentally elevated proportions of MWCNTs and PHEs can cause damage to developing a fetus. The ecological impacts of industrial energy byproducts generated by MWCNTs were also studied. The surface morphologies of MWCNTs and PHEs detected in topsoil samples were analyzed by advanced electron microscopy in a combination of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The alterations could be originated due to the different geophysical constituents and superficial structure, which in turn disturbed their geoavailability in studied topsoil. It was found that a large amount of MWCNTs and amorphous carbonaceous matters, which are responsible for adsorbing PHEs, existed in soils around CPPs. Hence, these findings could be used to better understand the geochemical properties of PHEs near CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Faculdade Meridional IMED, 304- Passo Fundo, RS 99070-220, Brazil
| | - Omar Ramirez
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Ismael L Schneider
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Elba C Teixeira
- Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950-Cristo Rei, RS, 93022-000, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950-Cristo Rei, RS, 93022-000, Brazil.
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Impacts of Organic Structures and Inherent Minerals of Coal on Soot Formation during Pyrolysis. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12234410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of four pairs of raw and acid-washed coals under N2 atmosphere was carried out in a drop tube reactor at 1250 °C. The results show that both organic structures and metal elements have an important influence on the formation of soot. The total area of aromatic and aliphatic hydrogen absorption bands is positively correlated with soot yield. Aromatic compounds have a greater contribution to soot and tar formation. The absorption band area of oxygen structures in coal FTIR spectra is negatively correlated with the soot conversion rate of tar. During pyrolysis, metal substances in coal can catalyze the dehydrogenation and deoxygenation of tar, reduce the content and stability of the aliphatic compound, and catalyze aromatic ring rupturing. More importantly, gasified metals can inhibit the polymerization reaction of aromatic compounds.
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Akinyemi SA, Gitari WM, Petrik LF, Nyakuma BB, Hower JC, Ward CR, Oliveira MLS, Silva LFO. Environmental evaluation and nano-mineralogical study of fresh and unsaturated weathered coal fly ashes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:177-188. [PMID: 30711584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion and the disposal of combustion wastes emit enormous quantities of nano-sized particles that pose significant health concerns on exposure, particularly in unindustrialized countries. Samples of fresh and weathered class F fly ash were analysed through various techniques including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman Spectroscopy. The imaging techniques showed that the fresh and weathered coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-NPs) are mostly spherical shaped. The crystalline phases detected were quartz, mullite, ettringite, calcite, maghemite, hematite, gypsum, magnetite, clay residues, and sulphides. The most abundant crystalline phases were quartz mixed with Al-Fe-Si-K-Ti-O-amorphous phases whereas mullite was detected in several amorphous phases of Al, Fe, Ca, Si, O, K, Mg, Mn, and P. The analyses revealed that CFA-NPs are 5-500 nm in diameter and encapsulate several potentially hazardous elements (PHEs). The carbon species were detected as 5-50 nm carbon nanoballs of graphitic layers and massive fullerenes. Lastly, the aspects of health risks related to exposure to some detected ambient nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun A Akinyemi
- Environmental Remediation and Geopollution Group, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria; Environmental Remediation and Water Pollution Chemistry Group, Department of Ecology and Resources Management, School of Environmental Studies, University of Venda, Private Bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
| | - Wilson M Gitari
- Environmental Remediation and Water Pollution Chemistry Group, Department of Ecology and Resources Management, School of Environmental Studies, University of Venda, Private Bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Leslie F Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Bemgba B Nyakuma
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - James C Hower
- University of Kentucky Centre for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States of America
| | - Colin R Ward
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia; Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950-Cristo Rei, RS 93022-000, Brazil; Faculdade Meridional IMED, 304-Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia.
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Oliveira MLS, da Boit K, Pacheco F, Teixeira EC, Schneider IL, Crissien TJ, Pinto DC, Oyaga RM, Silva LFO. Multifaceted processes controlling the distribution of hazardous compounds in the spontaneous combustion of coal and the effect of these compounds on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:562-567. [PMID: 29173343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollution generated by hazardous elements and persistent organic compounds that affect coal fire is a major environmental concern because of its toxic nature, persistence, and potential risk to human health. The coal mining activities are growing in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil, thus the collateral impacts on the health and economy are yet to be analyzed. In addition, the environment is also enduring the collateral damage as the waste materials directly influence the coal by-products applied in civil constructions. This study was aimed to establish the relationships between the composition, morphology, and structural characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted by coal mine fires. In Brazil, the self-combustions produced by Al-Ca-Fe-Mg-Si coal spheres are rich in chalcophile elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn), lithophile elements (Ce, Hf, In, La, Th, and U), and siderophile elements (Co, Cr, Mo, Fe, Ni, and V). The relationship between nanomineralogy and the production of hazardous elements as analyzed by advanced methods for the geochemical analysis of different materials were also delineated. The information obtained by the mineral substance analysis may provide a better idea for the understanding of coal-fire development and assessing the response of particular coal in different combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos L S Oliveira
- Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, ITT-Performance, Av. Unisinos, 950 - Cristo Rei, RS 93022-000, Brazil; Universidad de la Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Calle 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Kátia da Boit
- Unidad de Investigación, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cl. 58 #55-132, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Fernanda Pacheco
- Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, ITT-Performance, Av. Unisinos, 950 - Cristo Rei, RS 93022-000, Brazil
| | - Elba C Teixeira
- Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ismael L Schneider
- Universidad de la Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Calle 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Tito J Crissien
- Universidad de la Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Calle 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Diana C Pinto
- Universidad de la Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Calle 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Rafael M Oyaga
- Universidad de la Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Calle 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Universidad de la Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Calle 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Saikia J, Khare P, Saikia P, Saikia BK. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) around tea processing industries using high-sulfur coals. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:1101-1116. [PMID: 27679456 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with PM2.5, PM10 and dust particles emitted from two tea processing industrial units were studied that uses high-sulfur coal as their energy source. A total of 16 PAHs (viz. naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthene (Ace), acenaphthylene (Acen), phenanthrene (Phe), fluorene (Flu), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Fluo), pyrene (Pyr), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chry), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) and benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) were measured. The total PAH concentration was found to be 94.7 ng/m3 (∑4 PAHs) in the PM10 particle, 32.5 (∑12 PAHs) in PM2.5 and 1.08 ng/m3 (∑6 PAHs) in the dust sample from site A. In site B, the sum of the PAHs in the PM2.5, PM10 and dust samples are found to be 154.4 ng/m3 (∑7 PAHs), 165 ng/m3 (∑3 PAHs) and 1.27 ng/m3 (∑6 PAHs), respectively. Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model study revealed the contribution of local or long-range transport of aerosol sources. Along with the coal combustion activities in the study sites, other sources such as biomass burning and vehicular emission may contribute to the PAHs in the aerosol samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotilima Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Agronomy-Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Prasenjit Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India.
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18
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Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Gredilla A, da Boit K, Teixeira EC, Sampaio CH, Madariaga JM, Silva LFO. Nanominerals and potentially hazardous elements from coal cleaning rejects of abandoned mines: Environmental impact and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:725-733. [PMID: 27720476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soils around coal mining are important reservoir of hazardous elements (HEs), nanominerals, and ultrafine compounds. This research reports and discusses the soil concentrations of HEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in coal residues of abandoned mines. To assess differences regarding environmental impact and risk assessment between coal abandoned mines from the Santa Catarina state, eighteen coal cleaning rejects with different mineralogical and chemical composition, from eight abandoned mines were collected. Nanominerals and ultra-fine minerals from mining-contaminated areas were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), providing new information on the mineralogy and nano-mineralogy of these coal residues. The total contents of 57 elements (HEs, alkali metals, and rare earth elements) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The calculation of NWACs (Normalized Average Weighted Concentration), together with the chemometric analysis by Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the variability of the samples regarding their city and their mine of origin. Moreover, the results confirmed the existence of hotspots in mines near urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ainara Gredilla
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, P.C. 2018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kátia da Boit
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Metalurgia, Centro de Tecnologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Bairro Agronomia, CEP: 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elba C Teixeira
- Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Metalurgia, Centro de Tecnologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Bairro Agronomia, CEP: 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Research Group in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950 Cristo Rei 90510030, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil; Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Pró-Reitoria de Ensino, de Pesquisa e de Extensão, UNISUL - Universidade do Sul de Santa CatarinaPedra Branca 88137900, Palhoça, SC, Brazil.
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Sehn JL, de Leão FB, da Boit K, Oliveira MLS, Hidalgo GE, Sampaio CH, Silva LFO. Nanomineralogy in the real world: A perspective on nanoparticles in the environmental impacts of coal fire. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:439-443. [PMID: 26774310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Detailed geochemistry similarities between the burning coal cleaning rejects (BCCRs) and non-anthropogenic geological environments are outlined here. While no visible flames were detected, this research revealed that auto-combustion existed in the studied area for many years. The occurrence of several amorphous phases, mullite, hematite and many other Al/Fe-minerals formed by high temperature was found. Bad disposal of coal-dump wastes represents significant environmental concerns due to their potential influence on atmosphere, river sediments, soils and as well as on the surface and groundwater in the surroundings of these areas. The present work using multi-analytical techniques were performed to provide an improved understanding of the complex processes related with sulphide-rich coal waste oxidation, spontaneous combustion and newmineral creation. It recording huge numbers of rare minerals with alunite, montmorillonite, szmolnockite, halotrichite, coquimbite and copiapite at the BCCRs. The information presented the presence of abundant amorphous Si-Al-Fe-Ti as (oxy-)hydroxides and Fe-hydro/oxides with goethite and hematite with various degrees of crystallinity, containing potential hazardous elements (PHEs), such as Cu, Cr, Hf, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Pb, Th, U, Zr, and others. Most of the nano-particles and ultra-fine particles found in the burned coal-dump wastes are the same as those commonly associated with coal cleaning rejects, in which oxidation of sulphides plays an important impact to environment and subsequently animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína L Sehn
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe B de Leão
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Boit
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelsa E Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Metalurgia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, 91501970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Wang J, Liu R, Wang H, Yu W, Xu F, Shen Z. Identification and apportionment of hazardous elements in the sediments in the Yangtze River estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20215-20225. [PMID: 26511260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal components analysis (PCA) were combined to identify and apportion pollution-based sources of hazardous elements in the surface sediments in the Yangtze River estuary (YRE). Source identification analysis indicated that PC1, including Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, As, Cu, and Zn, can be defined as a sewage component; PC2, including Pb and Sb, can be considered as an atmospheric deposition component; and PC3, containing Cd and Hg, can be considered as an agricultural nonpoint component. To better identify the sources and quantitatively apportion the concentrations to their sources, eight sources were identified with PMF: agricultural/industrial sewage mixed (18.6 %), mining wastewater (15.9 %), agricultural fertilizer (14.5 %), atmospheric deposition (12.8 %), agricultural nonpoint (10.6 %), industrial wastewater (9.8 %), marine activity (9.0 %), and nickel plating industry (8.8 %). Overall, the hazardous element content seems to be more connected to anthropogenic activity instead of natural sources. The PCA results laid the foundation for the PMF analysis by providing a general classification of sources. PMF resolves more factors with a higher explained variance than PCA; PMF provided both the internal analysis and the quantitative analysis. The combination of the two methods can provide more reasonable and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
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21
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Discovering the feasibility of using the radiation forces for recovering rare earth elements from coal power plant by-products. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sanna R, Medas D, Podda F, Meneghini C, Casu M, Lattanzi P, Scorciapino MA, Floris C, Cannas C, De Giudici G. Binding of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at the surface of hydrozincite nanocrystals: An example of organic molecules absorption onto nanocrystalline minerals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [PMID: 26196713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a contribution to understand the interactions between mineral surfaces and organic molecules, this study reports an accurate characterization of the bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-Hydrozincite (DEHP-HY), that has been conduced combining the following techniques: FTIR, NMR, XAS spectroscopies and XRD. XRD patterns indicate that the HY is made of nanocrystals whose size is not influenced by the presence of DEHP. The (1)H NMR analysis of DEHP-HY samples points out the presence of interactions of DEHP with HY. CPMAS NMR analysis suggests that the interaction is operated by ester carbonyl groups while the aliphatic chain, as expected, is not involved. MAS and CPMAS NMR measurements, performed on (13)C ester carbonyl enriched DEHP, allow to demonstrate that there are two ester carbonyl linkage sites interacting at the HY surface: an acid site with a strong link and a second one with weak chemical interactions. Zn K-edge XAS spectroscopy demonstrates that the local atomic structure around Zn in DEHP-HY sample remains essentially unchanged with respect to that of HY. Such a weak structural effect suggests that HY interaction with DEHP is limited to the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sanna
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Porto Conte, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Daniela Medas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Meneghini
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, st. 42, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Mariano Casu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pierfranco Lattanzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariano Andrea Scorciapino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Costantino Floris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Cannas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; INSTM, Cagliari Unit, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Giudici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, S.S. 554, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Garcia KO, Teixeira EC, Agudelo-Castañeda DM, Braga M, Alabarse PG, Wiegand F, Kautzmann RM, Silva LFO. Assessment of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM₁ near an area of heavy-duty traffic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 479-480:57-65. [PMID: 24534699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) associated with ultrafine airborne particles (PM1) in areas affected by vehicles in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre (MAPA), RS, Brazil. Extraction, isolation/derivatization, and subsequently gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) were the techniques used to extract and determine NPAHs (1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitrofluorene,3-nitrofluoranthene,1-nitropyrene, and 6-nitrochrysene) associated with PM1 Airborne particles (PM1) were collected using PTFE filters in a PM162M automatic sampler. The analytical method was validated by the Standard Reference Material - SRM 1649 b - from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA). The results were consistent with the certified values. 3-NFlt and 6-NChr reached highest concentrations of 0.047 ng·m(-3) and 0.0284 ng·m(-3), respectively, in Sapucaia do Sul and Canoas. Seasonal variation showed higher NPAH concentrations in cold days. The NPAHs associated with PM1 were correlated with the pollutants nitrogen oxides and NPAHs with meteorological variables: temperature and wind speed. The results indicated that vehicles with diesel engines were influential. This was confirmed by the study of the ratios NPAHs/PAHs, 1-NPyr/Pyr, and 6-NChr/Chr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine O Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto e Meteorologia (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elba C Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto e Meteorologia (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcel Braga
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro, 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila G Alabarse
- Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavio Wiegand
- Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rubens M Kautzmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro, 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro, 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Martinello K, Oliveira MLS, Molossi FA, Ramos CG, Teixeira EC, Kautzmann RM, Silva LFO. Direct identification of hazardous elements in ultra-fine and nanominerals from coal fly ash produced during diesel co-firing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:444-452. [PMID: 24157478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study has provided an initial assessment of the environmental impacts and potential health effects associated with coal fly ash produced during diesel co-firing. Many hazardous elements that are typically detected by multifaceted chemical characterization by XRD, petrology, FE-SEM/EDS, and HR-TEM/SEAD/FFT/EDS in ultra-fine compounds and nanominerals from the co-fired coal fly ashes (CFAs). It provided an in-depth understanding of coal ash produced during diesel co-firing. Several of the neoformed ultra-fine compounds and nano-minerals found in the coal ashes are the same as those commonly associated with oxidation/transformation of aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulphides and phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Martinello
- Environmental Science and Nanotechnology Department, Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development, IPADHC, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Environmental Science and Nanotechnology Department, Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development, IPADHC, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Molossi
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudete G Ramos
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elba C Teixeira
- Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler/RS, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler-RS, Rua Carlos Chagas 55/802, Centro 90030-020 - Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rubens M Kautzmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Environmental Science and Nanotechnology Department, Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development, IPADHC, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Moors E, Singh T, Siderius C, Balakrishnan S, Mishra A. Climate change and waterborne diarrhoea in northern India: impacts and adaptation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 468-469 Suppl:S139-S151. [PMID: 23972324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies show the vulnerability of human health to climate change, a clear comprehensive quantification of the increased health risks attributable to climate change is lacking. Even more complicated are assessments of adaptation measures for this sector. We discuss the impact of climate change on diarrhoea as a representative of a waterborne infectious disease affecting human health in the Ganges basin of northern India. A conceptual framework is presented for climate exposure response relationships based on studies from different countries, as empirical studies and appropriate epidemiological data sets for India are lacking. Four climate variables are included: temperature, increased/extreme precipitation, decreased precipitation/droughts and relative humidity. Applying the conceptual framework to the latest regional climate projections for northern India shows increases between present and future (2040s), varying spatially from no change to an increase of 21% in diarrhoea incidences, with 13.1% increase on average for the Ganges basin. We discuss three types of measures against diarrhoeal disease: reactive actions, preventive actions and national policy options. Preventive actions have the potential to counterbalance this expected increase. However, given the limited progress in reducing incidences over the past decade consorted actions and effective implementation and integration of existing policies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Moors
- Earth System Science, Climate Change and Adaptive Land & Water Management, Alterra Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanya Singh
- Earth System Science, Climate Change and Adaptive Land & Water Management, Alterra Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Siderius
- Earth System Science, Climate Change and Adaptive Land & Water Management, Alterra Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sneha Balakrishnan
- Centre for Global Environment Research, Earth Science and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
| | - Arabinda Mishra
- Centre for Global Environment Research, Earth Science and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
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Gasparotto J, Somensi N, Caregnato FF, Rabelo TK, DaBoit K, Oliveira MLS, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Coal and tire burning mixtures containing ultrafine and nanoparticulate materials induce oxidative stress and inflammatory activation in macrophages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:743-753. [PMID: 23856402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-fine and nano-particulate materials resulting from mixtures of coal and non-coal fuels combustion for power generation release to the air components with toxic potential. We evaluated toxicological and inflammatory effects at cellular level that could be induced by ultrafine/nanoparticles-containing ashes from burning mixtures of coal and tires from an American power plant. Coal fly ashes (CFA) samples from the combustion of high-S coal and tire-derived fuel, the latter about 2-3% of the total fuel feed, in a 100-MW cyclone utility boiler, were suspended in the cell culture medium of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell viability, assessed by MTT reduction, SRB incorporation and contrast-phase microscopy analysis demonstrated that CFA did not induce acute toxicity. However, CFA at 1mg/mL induced an increase of approximately 338% in intracellular TNF-α, while release of this proinflammatory cytokine was increased by 1.6-fold. The expression of the inflammatory mediator CD40 receptor was enhanced by 2-fold, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) had a 5.7-fold increase and the stress response protein HSP70 was increased nearly 12-fold by CFA at 1mg/mL. Although CFA did not induce cell death, parameters of oxidative stress and reactive species production were found to be altered at several degrees, such as nitrite accumulation (22% increase), DCFH oxidation (3.5-fold increase), catalase (5-fold increase) and superoxide dismutase (35% inhibition) activities, lipoperoxidation (4.2 fold-increase) and sulfhydryl oxidation (40% decrease in free SH groups). The present results suggest that CFA containing ultra-fine and nano-particulate materials from coal and tire combustion may induce sub-chronic cell damage, as they alter inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters at the molecular and cellular levels, but do not induce acute cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juciano Gasparotto
- Center of Oxidative Stress Research, Tuiskon Dick Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Brazil.
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Li S, Anderson TA, Maul JD, Shrestha B, Green MJ, Cañas-Carrell JE. Comparative studies of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and octadecyl (C18) as sorbents in passive sampling devices for biomimetic uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:560-567. [PMID: 23756215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To avoid overestimating the risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), research is needed to evaluate the bioavailable portion of PAHs in the environment. However, limited PSDs were developed for a terrestrial soil system. In this study, two sorbents, octadecyl (C18) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), were individually evaluated as sorbents in passive sampling devices (PSDs) as biomimetic samplers to assess the uptake of PAHs from soil. C18-PSDs were an excellent biomimetic tool for PAHs with a low molecular weight in complex exposure conditions with different soil types, types of PAHs, aging periods, and initial PAH concentrations in soil. The utility of MWNT-PSDs was limited by extraction efficiencies of PAHs from MWNTs. However, when compared to C18-PSDs, they had higher adsorption capacities and were less expensive. This study provides data regarding useful techniques that can be used in risk assessment to assess the bioavailability of PAHs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163, USA.
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Kronbauer MA, Izquierdo M, Dai S, Waanders FB, Wagner NJ, Mastalerz M, Hower JC, Oliveira MLS, Taffarel SR, Bizani D, Silva LFO. Geochemistry of ultra-fine and nano-compounds in coal gasification ashes: a synoptic view. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 456-457:95-103. [PMID: 23584038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nano-mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry of coal gasification products have not been studied as extensively as the products of the more widely used pulverized-coal combustion. The solid residues from the gasification of a low- to medium-sulfur, inertinite-rich, volatile A bituminous coal, and a high sulfur, vitrinite-rich, volatile C bituminous coal were investigated. Multifaceted chemical characterization by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, petrology, FE-SEM/EDS, and HR-TEM/SEAD/FFT/EDS provided an in-depth understanding of coal gasification ash-forming processes. The petrology of the residues generally reflected the rank and maceral composition of the feed coals, with the higher rank, high-inertinite coal having anisotropic carbons and inertinite in the residue, and the lower rank coal-derived residue containing isotropic carbons. The feed coal chemistry determines the mineralogy of the non-glass, non-carbon portions of the residues, with the proportions of CaCO₃ versus Al₂O₃ determining the tendency towards the neoformation of anorthite versus mullite, respectively. Electron beam studies showed the presence of a number of potentially hazardous elements in nanoparticles. Some of the neoformed ultra-fine/nano-minerals found in the coal ashes are the same as those commonly associated with oxidation/transformation of sulfides and sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio A Kronbauer
- Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro, 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
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29
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Ribeiro J, DaBoit K, Flores D, Kronbauer MA, Silva LFO. Extensive FE-SEM/EDS, HR-TEM/EDS and ToF-SIMS studies of micron- to nano-particles in anthracite fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 452-453:98-107. [PMID: 23500403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of anthropogenic carbonaceous matter and mixed crystalline/amorphous mineral ultrafine/nano-particles in the 1 to 100 nm size range by worldwide coal power plants represents serious environmental problems due to their potential hazards. Coal fly ash (CFA) that resulted from anthracite combustion in a Portuguese thermal power plant was studied in this work. The physico-chemical characterization of ultrafine/nano-particles present in the CFA samples and their interaction with environment are the aim of this study. The methodologies applied for this work were field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HR-TEM/EDS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Some hazardous volatile elements, C, N, S and Hg contents were also determined in the studied samples. Generally, the CFA samples comprise carbonaceous, glassy and metallic solid spheres with some containing mixed amorphous/crystalline phases. The EDS analysis coupled with the FE-SEM and HR-TEM observations of the fly ash particles with 100 to 0.1 nm demonstrates that these materials contain a small but significant proportion of encapsulated HVEs. In addition, the presence of abundant multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and amorphous carbon particles, both containing hazardous volatile elements (HVEs), was also evidenced by the FE-SEM/EDS and HR-TEM/EDS analysis. A wide range of organic and inorganic compounds was determined by chemical maps obtained in ToF-SIMS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ribeiro
- Centro de Geologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Silva LFO, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Martinez-Arkarazo I, Castro K, Oliveira MLS, Sampaio CH, de Brum IAS, de Leão FB, Taffarel SR, Madariaga JM. Study of environmental pollution and mineralogical characterization of sediment rivers from Brazilian coal mining acid drainage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:169-178. [PMID: 23380565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acid drainage from coal mines and metal mining is a major source of underground and surface water contamination in the world. The coal mining acid drainage (CMAD) from mine contains large amount of solids in suspension and a high content of sulphate and dissolved metals (Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, etc.) that finally are deposited in the rivers. Since this problem can persist for centuries after mine abandonment, it is necessary to apply multidisciplinary methods to determine the potential risk in a determinate area. These multidisciplinary methods must include molecular and elemental analysis and finally all information must be studied statistically. This methodology was used in the case of coal mining acid drainage from the Tubarao River (Santa Catarina, Brazil). During molecular analysis, Raman Spectroscopy, electron bean, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been proven very useful for the study of minerals present in sediment rivers near this CMAD. The obtained spectra allow the precise identification of the minerals as jarosite, quartz, clays, etc. The elemental analysis (Al, As, Fe, K, Na, Ba, Mg, Mn, Ti, V, Zn, Ag, Co, Li, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, W, B, Cr, Cu, Pb and Sr) was realised by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis) of these dates of concentration reveals the existence of different groups of samples with specific pollution profiles in different areas of the Tubarao River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Environmental Science and Nanotechnology Department, Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development - IPADH, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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31
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Ray JR, Lee B, Baltrusaitis J, Jun YS. Formation of iron(III) (hydr)oxides on polyaspartate- and alginate-coated substrates: effects of coating hydrophilicity and functional group. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:13167-75. [PMID: 23153372 DOI: 10.1021/es302124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the transport of contaminants in aqueous environments, we need more accurate information about heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation of iron(III) hydroxide nanoparticles in the presence of organics. We combined synchrotron-based grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and SAXS and other nanoparticle and substrate surface characterization techniques to observe iron(III) (hydr)oxide [10⁻⁴ M Fe(NO₃)₃ in 10 mM NaNO₃] precipitation on quartz and on polyaspartate- and alginate-coated glass substrates and in solution (pH = 3.7 ± 0.2). Polyaspartate was determined to be the most negatively charged substrate and quartz the least; however, after 2 h, total nanoparticle volume calculations--from GISAXS--indicate that positively charged precipitation on quartz is twice that of alginate and 10 times higher than on polyaspartate, implying that electrostatics do not govern iron(III) (hydr)oxide nucleation. On the basis of contact angle measurements and surface characterization, we concluded that the degree of hydrophilicity may control heterogeneous nucleation on quartz and organic-coated substrates. The arrangement of functional groups at the substrate surface (--OH and --COOH) may also contribute. These results provide new information for elucidating the effects of polymeric organic substrate coatings on the size, volume, and location of nucleating iron hydroxides, which will help predict nanoparticle interactions in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ray
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Castillo J, Pérez-López R, Sarmiento AM, Nieto JM. Evaluation of organic substrates to enhance the sulfate-reducing activity in phosphogypsum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 439:106-113. [PMID: 23063915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity and growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in a metal-rich culture medium (approx. 250 mg/L Fe, 75 mg/L Zn and Cu, 10mg/L Cd) with phosphogypsum as bacterial inoculum. Phosphogypsum was collected from the stack covering the salt-marshes of the Tinto river (SW Spain). Three organic amendments were used as carbon sources, two low-cost wastes (horse manure and legume compost) and one sample of natural soil (vegetal cover). In the experiments, sulfate was reduced to sulfide during the growth of SRB populations, and concentrations were decreased in the solution. Metal concentrations also decreased to values below the detection limit. Metal removal took place by precipitation of newly-formed sulfides. Pyrite-S was the main sulfide component (approx. 200 μmol/g and 80% of pyritization) and occurred mainly as framboidal grains and rarely as isolated polyhedral crystals. Horse manure was the most successful organic substrate to promote SRB activity (sulfate removal of 61%), followed by vegetal cover (49%) and legume compost (31%). These findings propose the possibility of using naturally-occurring SRB in the phosphogypsum for bioremediation strategies based on natural soil covers with organic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Castillo
- Department of Geology, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, 21071 Huelva, Spain
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Oliveira MLS, Ward CR, Izquierdo M, Sampaio CH, de Brum IAS, Kautzmann RM, Sabedot S, Querol X, Silva LFO. Chemical composition and minerals in pyrite ash of an abandoned sulphuric acid production plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 430:34-47. [PMID: 22613465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of sulphur produces a hematite-rich waste, known as roasted pyrite ash, which contains significant amounts of environmentally sensitive elements in variable concentrations and modes of occurrence. Whilst the mineralogy of roasted pyrite ash associated with iron or copper mining has been studied, as this is the main source of sulphur worldwide, the mineralogy, and more importantly, the characterization of submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles, in coal-derived roasted pyrite ash remain to be resolved. In this work we provide essential data on the chemical composition and nanomineralogical assemblage of roasted pyrite ash. XRD, HR-TEM and FE-SEM were used to identify a large variety of minerals of anthropogenic origin. These phases result from highly complex chemical reactions occurring during the processing of coal pyrite of southern Brazil for sulphur extraction and further manufacture of sulphuric acid. Iron-rich submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles within the ash may contain high proportions of toxic elements such as As, Se, U, among others. A number of elements, such as As, Cr, Cu, Co, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Zn, and Zr, were found to be present in individual nanoparticles and submicron, ultrafine and nanominerals (e.g. oxides, sulphates, clays) in concentrations of up to 5%. The study of nanominerals in roasted pyrite ash from coal rejects is important to develop an understanding on the nature of this by-product, and to assess the interaction between emitted nanominerals, ultra-fine particles, and atmospheric gases, rain or body fluids, and thus to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of pyrite ash materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos L S Oliveira
- Development Department of Touristic Opportunities, Catarinense Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development - IPADHC, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Silva LFO, Jasper A, Andrade ML, Sampaio CH, Dai S, Li X, Li T, Chen W, Wang X, Liu H, Zhao L, Hopps SG, Jewell RF, Hower JC. Applied investigation on the interaction of hazardous elements binding on ultrafine and nanoparticles in Chinese anthracite-derived fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 419:250-264. [PMID: 22297247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multifaceted instrumental approach was employed to determine the chemistry and mineralogy of pulverized-coal-combustion fly ashes from two Chinese power plants. Techniques included traditional optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and chemical analysis along with a variety of electron beam methods. The aim is to demonstrate and bring together the wide variety of procedures dealing with F as the key element of concern, and determining its location in the mineral nanoparticles. The Hg content of the Anwen (Songzao coalfield) fly ashes is higher than that of the Diandong (East Yunnan) fly ashes, possibly owing to the greater C and Cl in the Anwen fly ashes. Both fly ash sources contain a variety of amorphous and nano-crystalline trace-element-bearing particles, both associated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and as particles independent of carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Centro Universitário Univates, Programa de Pós Graduação Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, Universitário, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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Silva LFO, DaBoit K, Sampaio CH, Jasper A, Andrade ML, Kostova IJ, Waanders FB, Henke KR, Hower JC. The occurrence of hazardous volatile elements and nanoparticles in Bulgarian coal fly ashes and the effect on human health exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 416:513-526. [PMID: 22200375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Low-rank, high-mineral matter Bulgarian coals were studied using a variety of chemical, optical, and electron beam methods. The larger fly ash carbon phases include charred carbons in contrast to coked carbons present in the fly ashes of bituminous-coal-derived fly ashes. Nanoscale carbons include multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating Hg, Se, and As, among other elements. In addition to the glass which dominates the fly ash, relatively coarse 'rock fragments', consisting of an unmelted to partially melted core surrounded by a glassy rim, are present in the fly ash. Nano-scale minerals can contain hazardous elements and, along with metal-bearing multiwalled nanotubes, can be a path for the entry of hazardous particles into the lungs and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Centro Universitário Univates, Pró Reitoria de Pesquisa Estensão e Pós Graduação, Programa de Pós Graduação Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Brazil.
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Cerqueira B, Vega FA, Serra C, Silva LFO, Andrade ML. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy: a preliminary study of the distribution of Cu2+ and Cu2+/Pb2+ on a Bt horizon surfaces. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 195:422-31. [PMID: 21920666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Relatively new techniques can help in determining the occurrence of mineral species and the distribution of contaminants on soil surfaces such as natural minerals and organic matter. The Bt horizon from an Endoleptic Luvisol was chosen because of its well-known sorption capability. The samples were contaminated with Cu(2+) and/or Pb(2+) and both sorption and desorption experiments were performed. The preferential distribution of the contaminant species ((63)Cu and (208)Pb) to the main soil components and their associations were studied together with the effectiveness of the surface sorption and desorption processes. The results obtained were compared with non-contaminated samples as well as with previous results obtained by different analytical techniques and advanced statistical analysis. Pb(2+) competes favorably for the sorption sites in this soil, mainly in oxides and the clay fraction. Cu(2+) and Pb(2+) were mainly associated with hematite, gibbsite, vermiculite and chlorite. This study will serve as a basis for further scientific research on the soil retention of heavy metals. New techniques such as spectroscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy make it possible to check which soil components retain heavy metals, thereby contributing to propose effective measures for the remediation of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cerqueira
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Silva LFO, Wollenschlager M, Oliveira MLS. A preliminary study of coal mining drainage and environmental health in the Santa Catarina region, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2011; 33:55-65. [PMID: 20480385 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and loadings of major and trace elements in coal mine drainage (CMD) from 49 abandoned mines located in the coal fields of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina were determined. The CMD sites typically displayed a wide spatial and temporal variability in physical and geochemical conditions. The results of our CMD analyses in Santa Catarina State were used to illustrate that the geochemical processes in the rock piles can be deduced from multiple data sets. The observed relationship between the pH and constituent concentrations were attributed to (1) dilution of acidic water by near-neutral or alkaline groundwater and (2) solubility control of Al, Fe, Mn, Ba and Sr by hydroxide, sulfate, and/or carbonate minerals. The preliminary results of the CMD analyses and environmental health in the Santa Catarina region, Brazil, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Catarinense Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development-IPADHC, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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