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Mahmoudi A, Hajihasani MM, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effect of Calebin-A on Critical Genes Related to NAFLD: A Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Molecular Docking Study. Curr Genomics 2024; 25:120-139. [PMID: 38751599 PMCID: PMC11092913 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029280454240214072212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Calebin-A is a minor phytoconstituent of turmeric known for its activity against inflammation, oxidative stress, cancerous, and metabolic disorders like Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Based on bioinformatic tools. Subsequently, the details of the interaction of critical proteins with Calebin-A were investigated using the molecular docking technique. Methods We first probed the intersection of genes/ proteins between NAFLD and Calebin-A through online databases. Besides, we performed an enrichment analysis using the ClueGO plugin to investigate signaling pathways and gene ontology. Next, we evaluate the possible interaction of Calebin-A with significant hub proteins involved in NAFLD through a molecular docking study. Results We identified 87 intersection genes Calebin-A targets associated with NAFLD. PPI network analysis introduced 10 hub genes (TP53, TNF, STAT3, HSP90AA1, PTGS2, HDAC6, ABCB1, CCT2, NR1I2, and GUSB). In KEGG enrichment, most were associated with Sphingolipid, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), C-type lectin receptor, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The biological processes described in 87 intersection genes are mostly concerned with regulating the apoptotic process, cytokine production, and intracellular signal transduction. Molecular docking results also directed that Calebin-A had a high affinity to bind hub proteins linked to NAFLD. Conclusion Here, we showed that Calebin-A, through its effect on several critical genes/ proteins and pathways, might repress the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hajihasani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Costa KA, Oliveira MCD, Cordeiro LMDS, Val CH, Machado FS, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Teixeira MM, Silveira ALM, Ferreira AVM. Effect of high-refined carbohydrate diet on intestinal integrity. Nutrition 2023; 113:112084. [PMID: 37354649 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the leading causes of obesity is the consumption of excess nutrients. Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue expansion, chronic low-grade inflammation, and metabolic alterations. Although consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to be a diet-induced obesity model associated with gut disorders, the same effect is not well explored in a mild-obesity model induced by high-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet intake. The intestinal tract barrier comprises mucus, epithelial cells, tight junctions, immune cells, and gut microbiota. This system is susceptible to dysfunction by excess dietary components that could increase intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an HC diet and the alterations resulting from its intake are linked to small intestine changes. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were fed a chow or an HC diet for 8 wk. RESULTS Although differences in body weight gain were not observed between the groups, mice fed the HC diet showed increased adiposity associated with metabolic alterations. The interferon-γ expression and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the small intestine in mice fed an HC diet. However, the intestinal villi length, the expression of tight junctions (zonula occludens-1 and claudin-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α cytokine, and the percentage of intraepithelial lymphocytes did not differ in the jejunum or ileum between the groups. We did not observe differences in intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. CONCLUSION Metabolic alterations caused by consumption of an HC diet lead to a mild obesity state that does not necessarily involve significant changes in intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Anunciação Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Chaves de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia Honorato Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Malheiros Silveira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Lin S, Su X, Chen L, Cai Z. Association of dietary inflammatory index with sarcopenia in asthmatic patients: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215688. [PMID: 37720383 PMCID: PMC10501140 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a complication of asthma, and asthmatics with sarcopenia are at an increased risk of poor prognosis. Anti-inflammatory intervention promising as an effective measure to prevent sarcopenia among patients with asthma. Diet is an important way to regulate inflammation throughout the body. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is an index that assesses an individual's overall dietary inflammatory potential. The relationship between DII and sarcopenia among patients with asthma is not clear. Objective To examine the correlation between DII and the sarcopenia among individuals with asthma. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was the data source utilized in this study, spanning two time periods from 1999 to 2006 and 2011 to 2018. The study encompassed 3,389 participants in total. DII was calculated using the results of the participants' 24-h dietary recall interviews. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the DII tertile: T1 group (n = 1,130), T2 group (n = 1,129), and T3 group (n = 1,130). Logistic regression analysis, taking into account the NHANES recommended weights, was performed to assess the relationship between DII and sarcopenia. Results After full adjustment, there was a significant positive correlation between DII levels and the risk of sarcopenia in asthmatic patients (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.42, p < 0.001). Compared with T1 group, T3 group had higher risk of sarcopenia (T2: OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 0.88-2.18, p = 0.157; T3: OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.47-3.83, p < 0.001). Conclusion There was a significant positive correlation between DII and the risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiong Lin
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xia Su
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
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Zimerman J, Niño OMS, da Costa CS, Zanol JF, Comério M, da Gama de Souza LN, Miranda-Alves L, Miranda RA, Lisboa PC, Camilo TA, Rorato R, Alves GA, Frazão R, Zomer HD, Freitas-Lima LC, Graceli JB. Subacute high-refined carbohydrate diet leads to abnormal reproductive control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in female rats. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108410. [PMID: 37211340 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that female rats placed on a diet containing refined carbohydrates (HCD) resulted in obesity and reproductive abnormalities, such as high serum LH concentration and abnormal ovarian function. However, the impacts at the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) function, specifically regarding pathways linked to reproductive axis modulation are unknown. In this study, we assessed whether subacute feeding with HCD results in abnormal reproductive control in the HP axis. Female rats were fed with HCD for 15 days and reproductive HP axis morphophysiology was assessed. HCD reduced hypothalamic mRNA expression (Kiss1, Lepr, and Amhr2) and increased pituitary LHβ+ cells. These changes likely contribute to the increase in serum LH concentration observed in HCD. Blunted estrogen negative feedback was observed in HCD, with increased kisspeptin protein expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), lower LHβ+ cells and LH concentration in ovariectomized (OVX)+HCD rats. Thus, these data suggest that HCD feeding led to female abnormal reproductive control of HP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanini Zimerman
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Oscar M S Niño
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Milena Comério
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tays A Camilo
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Andrade Alves
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazão
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena D Zomer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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Guimarães VHD, Lelis DDF, Oliveira LP, Borém LMA, Guimarães FAD, Farias LC, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Santos SHS. Comparative study of dietary fat: lard and sugar as a better obesity and metabolic syndrome mice model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:449-459. [PMID: 33176505 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1835986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet macronutrient heterogeneity hinders animal studies' data extrapolation from metabolic disorders to human diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate different fat-diet compositions' effect on inducing lipid/glucose metabolism alterations in mice. METHODS Swiss male mice were fed for 12 weeks with five different diets: Standard Diet (ST), American Institute of Nutrition 93 for growth (AIN93G) high-butter/high-sugar (HBHS), high-lard/high-sugar (HLHS), and high-oil/high-sugar diet (soybean oil) (HOHS). Several parameters, such as serum biochemistry, histology, and liver mRNA expression, were accessed. RESULTS The main findings revealed that the HLHS diet dramatically altered liver metabolism inducing hepatic steatosis and increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, increasing liver CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP-α), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Catalase (CAT) mRNA expression. Moreover, the HLHS diet increased glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High-fat/high-sugar diets are efficient to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated alterations, and diets enriched with lard and sugar showed more effective results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Luis Paulo Oliveira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | | | - Felipe Alberto Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Postgraduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Brasil
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Zanol JF, Niño OMS, da Costa CS, Zimerman J, Silva NP, Oliveira TM, Maas EMSWD, Dos Santos FCF, Miranda-Alves L, Graceli JB. High-refined carbohydrate diet alters different metabolic functions in female rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111774. [PMID: 36096379 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A diet containing refined carbohydrate (HCD) caused obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) abnormalities, but it is unclear if HCD is linked with other metabolic dysfunctions in female models. Thus, we assessed whether HCD results in WAT, pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle (SM) and thyroid (TH) abnormalities in female rats. Female rats were fed with HCD for 15 days and metabolic morphophysiology, inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and fibrosis markers were assessed. HCD rats presented large adipocytes, hyperleptinemia, and WAT OS. HCD caused irregular glucose metabolism, low insulin levels, and large pancreatic isle. Granulomas, reduced glycogen, and OS were observed in HCD livers. HCD caused hypertrophy and increased in glycogen in SM. HCD caused irregular TH morphophysiology, reduced colloid area and high T3 levels. In all selected tissues, inflammation and fibrosis were observed in HCD rats. Collectively, these data suggest that the HCD impairs metabolic function linked with irregularities in WAT, pancreas, liver, SM and TH in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Oscar M S Niño
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio-Meta, Colombia
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jeanini Zimerman
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Silva
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Thalita M Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Edgar M S W D Maas
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, RJ, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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Key Performance Indicators of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Wintering in a Pond and RAS under Different Feeding Schemes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Overwintering impacts common carp performance, yet the nature of changes is not known. The aim of the study was to compare the zootechnical and key performance indicators (KPI) of Cyprinus carpio wintering in a pond with no supplementary feeding (MCF), in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) fed typical (30% of protein and 8% of fat) carp diet (AFC), and in a RAS fed high protein (42%) and fat (12%) diet (ABF). The analysis showed that ABF fish had the highest final body weight and the Fulton’s condition factor, as well as the lowest food conversion rate compared with AFC and MCF fish. Histomorphological assessment revealed that MCF fish had thinner skin layers, a depleted population of mucous cells in skin, an excessive interlamellar mass in the gills, and no supranuclear vacuoles in the intestine compared to fish from RAS. At the molecular level, higher transcript levels of il-1β and il-6 transcripts were found in the gills of MCF than in fish from RAS. The transcript level of the intestinal muc5b was the highest in ABF fish. Relative expression of il-1β and il-6 in gills were presumably the highest due to lamellar fusions in MCF fish. Described KPIs may assist carp production to ensure sustainability and food security in the European Union.
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A high carbohydrate and soda diet influences metabolic variables in Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120295. [PMID: 34998837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High carbohydrate diet and carbonated soda consumption have individually been associated with metabolic dysfunction, with links to glucose and insulin homeostasis, affecting metabolic variables associated with feeding, satiety and adiposity. Our objective is to determine the combined effect of a high carbohydrate and carbonated soda diet on metabolic variables in male and female Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two female and male weanlings were equally divided into four dietary groups; Control, Soda, High Carbohydrate diet (HCD), and High Carbohydrate diet/Soda (HCD/Soda), and fed ad libitum for fourteen weeks. Bodyweight, thoracic circumference, abdominal circumference and glucose was determined; Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6 and lipid profile were assayed and used to determine the metabolic effects. KEY FINDINGS Soda and HCD/Soda had increased body weight in male rats, while HCD-fed rats were reduced compared to respective controls. Abdominal circumference, total cholesterol and reduced HDL of Soda were elevated in both sexes. Although HCD/Soda groups had elevated abdominal circumference in both sexes, total cholesterol and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were both reduced in females. Insulin and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Soda-fed rats was significantly reduced, however, MDA was elevated in both sexes in HCD and HCD/Soda fed rats. Female HCD and HCD/Soda groups had a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) concentration and a significant reduction in catalase. TNF-α was increased in both Soda and HCD/Soda groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that HCD and Soda consumption results in alteration in phenotype and variables impacting metabolism.
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Cao M, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Jing J. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Symptom Complaints among School-Aged Children: A National Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:406. [PMID: 35276766 PMCID: PMC8839686 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and symptom complaints among school-aged children remains unclear. Children aged 6−17 years (n = 29,028) were recruited on the basis of a national school-based study. Data collection included two waves: the exposure was the amount and frequency of SSB consumption, collected in the 2013 autumn semester, and outcomes were defined as having clinical symptom complaints after two weeks of observation, collected in the 2014 spring semester. Symptom complaints were defined as fever, cough, headache, loose bowels, vomiting, sore throat, rash, conjunctival congestion, and stomachache. The associations between the amount/frequency of SSBs and symptoms complaints were explored by a general linear model, with adjustments made for socio-demographic and other lifestyle information. Among the 12,454 children (10.32 ± 3.15 years, 48.7% male) in the final analysis, the odds ratio for having symptom complaints (1.46, 95% CI: 1.10−1.95) among children whose SSB consumption was >75 mL/day was significantly higher than that among children who had no SSB consumption. Among children with a daily SSB intake of more than 75 mL, there was a higher risk for symptom complaints. We recommend more support for decreasing SSB consumption among children to minimize negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Jing
- Maternal and Child Health Department, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Park JH, Ahn EK, Hwang MH, Park YJ, Cho YR, Ko HJ, Jeong W, Yang SH, Seo DW, Oh JS. Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061638. [PMID: 33804179 PMCID: PMC7998585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (D.-W.S.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Min Hee Hwang
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Young Jin Park
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Hye-Jin Ko
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Wonsik Jeong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Korea;
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (D.-W.S.)
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (D.-W.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Dos Reis Costa DEF, Silveira ALM, Campos GP, Nóbrega NRC, de Araújo NF, de Figueiredo Borges L, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Ferreira AVM, Bonaventura D. High-Carbohydrate Diet Enhanced the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Through Activation of Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Physiol 2021; 11:628101. [PMID: 33519529 PMCID: PMC7845559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.628101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine organ responsible for release several substances that influence on vascular tone. Increasing evidence suggest that hyperactivation of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the PVAT plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the local RAS contribution to the PVAT control of vascular tone during obesity is still not clear. Since the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet (HC diet) contributes to obesity inducing a rapid and sustained increase in adiposity, so that the functional activity of PVAT could be modulated, we aimed to evaluate the effect of HC diet on the PVAT control of vascular tone and verify the involvement of RAS in this effect. For that, male Balb/c mice were fed standard or HC diet for 4 weeks. Vascular reactivity, histology, fluorescence, and immunofluorescence analysis were performed in intact thoracic aorta in the presence or absence of PVAT. The results showed that HC diet caused an increase in visceral adiposity and also in the PVAT area. Phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction was significantly reduced in the HC group only in the presence of PVAT. The anticontractile effect of PVAT induced by HC diet was lost when aortic rings were previously incubated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Mas, and AT2 receptors antagonists, PI3K, nNOS, and iNOS inhibitors, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposing enzyme or non-selective potassium channels blocker. Immunofluorescence assays showed that both Mas and AT2 receptors as well as nNOS and iNOS isoforms were markedly expressed in the PVAT of the HC group. Furthermore, the PVAT from HC group also exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide bioavailability. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anticontractile effect of PVAT induced by HC diet involves the signaling cascade triggered by the renin-angiotensin system through the activation of Mas and AT2 receptors, PI3K, nNOS, and iNOS, leading to increased production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, and subsequently opening of potassium channels. The contribution of PVAT during HC diet-induced obesity could be a compensatory adaptive characteristic in order to preserve the vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Letícia Malheiros Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Ferreira de Araújo
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Figueiredo Borges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella Bonaventura
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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High-refined carbohydrate diet leads to polycystic ovary syndrome-like features and reduced ovarian reserve in female rats. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:42-55. [PMID: 32629074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several female reproductive complications, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The exact mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. Few previous studies using diet containing refined carbohydrate (HCD) leading to obesity have been performed and it is unclear if HCD is linked with reproductive dysfunctions. In this investigation, we assessed whether subchronic HCD exposure results in reproductive and other irregularities. Female rats were fed with HCD for 15 days and metabolic outcomes and reproductive tract morphophysiology were assessed. We further assessed reproductive tract inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) and fibrosis. HCD rats displayed metabolic impairments, such as an increase in body weight/adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophic, abnormal lipid profile, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IR) and hyperleptinemia. Improper functioning of the HCD reproductive tract was observed. Specifically, irregular estrous cyclicity, high LH levels and abnormal ovarian morphology coupled with reduction in primordial and primary follicle numbers was observed, suggesting ovarian reserve depletion. Improper follicular development and a reduction in antral follicles, corpora lutea and granulosa layer area together with an increase in cystic follicles were apparent. Uterine atrophy and reduction in endometrial gland (GE) number was observed in HCD rats. Reproductive tract inflammation, OS and fibrosis were seen in HCD rats. Further, strong positive correlations were observed between body weight/adiposity and IR with estrous cycle length, cystic follicles, ovarian reserve, GE and other abnormalities. Thus, these data suggest that the subchronic HCD exposure led to PCOS-like features, impaired ovarian reserve, GE number, and other reproductive abnormalities in female rats.
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13
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Santos MJS, Canuto KM, de Aquino CC, Martins CS, Brito GAC, Pessoa TMRP, Bertolini LR, de Sá Carneiro I, Pinto DV, Nascimento JCR, da Silva BB, Valença JT, Guedes MIF, Owen JS, Oriá RB. A Brazilian regional basic diet-induced chronic malnutrition drives liver inflammation with higher ApoA-I activity in C57BL6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9031. [PMID: 32401929 PMCID: PMC7228546 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is still considered endemic in many developing countries. Malnutrition-enteric infections may cause lasting deleterious effects on lipid metabolism, especially in children living in poor settings. The regional basic diet (RBD), produced to mimic the Brazilian northeastern dietary characteristics (rich in carbohydrate and low in protein) has been used in experimental malnutrition models, but few studies have explored the effect of chronic RBD on liver function, a central organ involved in cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether RBD leads to liver inflammatory changes and altered reverse cholesterol metabolism in C57BL6/J mice compared to the control group, receiving a standard chow diet. To evaluate liver inflammation, ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA-1) positive cell counting, interleukin (IL)-1β immunohistochemistry, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 transcription levels were analyzed. In addition, we assessed reverse cholesterol transport by measuring liver apolipoprotein (Apo)E, ApoA-I, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) by RT-PCR. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured to assess liver function. RBD markedly impaired body weight gain compared with the control group (P<0.05). Higher hepatic TNF-α (P<0.0001) and IL-10 (P=0.001) mRNA levels were found in RBD-challenged mice, although without detectable non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Marked IBA-1 immunolabeling and increased number of positive-IBA-1 cells were found in the undernourished group. No statistical difference in serum ALT was found. There was also a significant increase in ApoA mRNA expression in the undernourished group, but not ApoE and LCAT, compared with the control. Altogether our findings suggested that chronic RBD-induced malnutrition leads to liver inflammation with increased ApoA-I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J S Santos
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K M Canuto
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C C de Aquino
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C S Martins
- Núcleo de Microscopia e Processagem de Imagens, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Núcleo de Microscopia e Processagem de Imagens, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T M R P Pessoa
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L R Bertolini
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - I de Sá Carneiro
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D V Pinto
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J C R Nascimento
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - B B da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J T Valença
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M I F Guedes
- Laboratório de Biologia e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J S Owen
- Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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14
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Nabil M, El Demellawy MA, Mahmoud MF, Mahmoud AAA. Prolonged overnutrition with fructose or fat induces metabolic derangements in rats by disrupting the crosstalk between the hypothalamus and periphery: Possible amelioration with fenofibrate. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 879:173136. [PMID: 32360834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications. The crosstalk between the hypothalamus and periphery is vital for regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. However, it is impaired during MetS. The present study aimed to compare the distinct central and peripheral metabolic derangements induced by a high-fructose drink or high-fat diet, as well as the possible intervention by fenofibrate. Rats were divided into five groups: standard chow diet (SCD) group, high-fructose group (FR), high-fat group (HF), FR plus fenofibrate group (FR-F), and HF plus fenofibrate group (HF-F). FR and HF groups showed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperleptinemia, steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy. This was associated with elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids (FFAs). The latter mediators are involved in the hypothalamic inflammation and dysregulation of signaling cascades that control food intake and glucose homeostasis. The effects were more pronounced in the HF group than FR group, which were matched with the observed higher levels of plasma FFAs and cytokines. Fenofibrate administration improved not only the peripheral metabolic disturbances, but also the central disturbances associated with insulin resistance induced by FR or HF diet. This study sheds light on the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in diet-induced MetS. Furthermore, the study suggests the utmost importance of developing a standardized model of metabolic syndrome in place of the great diversity between available models, which can induce different effects and negatively impact the validity of prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nabil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Maha A El Demellawy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr A A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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15
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Roquetto AR, Moura CS, de Almeida Santos-Junior V, Oliveira POS, Machado KIA, Carvalho GCBC, Risso EM, Amaya-Farfan J. Moderate intake of BCAA-rich protein improves glucose homeostasis in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108332. [PMID: 32217465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the fact that dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been considered to be a cause of insulin resistance (IR), evidence indicates that BCAA-rich whey proteins (WPs) do not lead to IR in animals consuming high-fat (HF) diets and may instead improve glucose homeostasis. To address the role of BCAA-rich WP as dietary protein in IR and inflammatory response, we fed C57BL/6J mice either high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diets formulated with moderate protein levels (13% w/w) of either WP or hydrolyzed WP (WPH) and compared them with casein (CAS) as a reference. The muscle and plasma free amino acid profiles, inflammatory parameters and glycemic homeostasis were examined. While the LF/CAS diet promoted the rise in triglycerides and inflammatory parameters, the HF/CAS induced typical IR responses and impaired biochemical parameters. No differences in plasma BCAAs were detected, but the HF/WPH diet led to a twofold increase in gastrocnemius muscle free amino acids, including BCAAs. In general, ingestion of WPH was effective at averting or attenuating the damage caused by both the LF and HF diets. No high concentrations of BCAAs in the plasma or signs of IR were found in those mice fed an HF diet along with the hydrolyzed whey proteins. It is concluded that consumption of BCAA-rich whey proteins, especially WPH, does not result in the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rissetti Roquetto
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Soares Moura
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Karla Idelça Aires Machado
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Eder Müller Risso
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- Food and Nutrition Program, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Farhangi M, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Shahabi P. CARDIO-RENAL METABOLIC SYNDROME AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY FACTORS: THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2019; 15:436-441. [PMID: 32377239 PMCID: PMC7200118 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate whether a high carbohydrate or a high fat diet differs in alteration of the inflammatory and metabolic risk factors in cardio-renal metabolic syndrome in rats. METHODS Twelve male Wister rats were randomly divided into two groups: one received diet 1 standard pellet rat diet (D1) containing 10% fat, 50% carbohydrate, 25% protein and another group received diet 2 (D2) containing 59% fat, 30% carbohydrate and 11% protein for 16 weeks. Weight was recorded weekly. FSG and insulin levels were measured using an enzymatic spectrophotometric and a standard ELISA kit respectively. Inflammatory parameters including TGF-β, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in the renal and cardiac tissues of rats were evaluated by ELISA technique. RESULT Food intake in D1 and D2 groups increased in the study period, however food intake in D2 group was significantly higher compared with D1 group. FSG, HOMA and TG concentrations in D2 group were significantly higher compared to D1 group. Moreover, TGF-β and MCP-1 concentrations in the renal tissues of D2 group and TNF-α in the cardiac tissues of D1 group were significantly higher compared with D1 group (P<0.05). Positive associations between IL-1β and TG and between HOMA, FSG with TGF-β and MCP-1 in the renal tissue of animals were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Farhangi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M. Mesgari-Abbasi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - P. Shahabi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Chemical characterization, antihyperlipidaemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Brazilian bitter quina species in mice consuming a high-refined carbohydrate diet. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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18
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Almeida JMA, Ferreira AVM, Oliveira VB, Oliveira MC, Teixeira MM, Brandão MGL. Effects of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (Rubiaceae) Leaves on Metabolic and Inflammatory Dysfunction Induced by High Refined Carbohydrate-Containing Diet in Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:1266-1275. [PMID: 30239292 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation, which has been shown to be involved in the development of comorbidities such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and liver damage. Phytochemicals found in plants may modulate inflammation and improve health problems associated with the excess of adiposity. Teas prepared with many plants are used in Brazil for losing weight. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. on metabolic and inflammatory disarrangement induced by high refined carbohydrate (HC)-containing diet in mice. BALB/c mice were fed with chow or HC diet for 8 weeks. After this period, the HC diet was supplemented for 4 weeks with three different doses, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, of crude extract of R. viburnoides. Ethanol extract at the lowest dose (40 mg/kg) reduced adipocyte size, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. A lower concentration of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and CCL2 in the liver and adipose tissue, and reduced levels of cholesterol and resistin in the serum were also observed. High concentrations of chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and the flavonoids, rutin and quercetin, were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector. Therefore, these data confirm the potential of R. viburnoides leaves as nutraceutical agents for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory changes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M A Almeida
- 1 CEPLAMT, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- 3 Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,4 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Verena B Oliveira
- 1 CEPLAMT, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina C Oliveira
- 3 Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,4 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- 4 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria G L Brandão
- 1 CEPLAMT, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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Adipocytes and intestinal epithelium dysfunctions linking obesity to inflammation induced by high glycemic index pellet-diet in Wistar rats. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180304. [PMID: 29950343 PMCID: PMC6019358 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the inflammatory effect of a pellet-diet with high glycemic index and load (HGLI) on the histological organization of adipocytes, intestinal epithelium, and fat in liver and pancreas in adult male Wistar rats. Two groups (n=10) received for 17 weeks: (1) HGLI diet or (2) Standard diet (Labina®). Histological analyses of adipose tissue, jejunum, liver, and pancreas were performed. Stereology analysis, visceral adiposity index, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in visceral adipose tissue and plasma TNF-α were also assessed. The HGLI diet-induced hypertrophy of adipocytes with adipocyte volume density equal to 97.0%, cross-sectional area of adipocytes equivalent to 1387 µm² and a total volume of adipocytes of 6.97 cm³ an elevation of 8%, 25%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the HGLI diet increased liver and pancreatic fat deposition, altered and inflamed the intestinal epithelia, and increased TNF-α gene expression (P=0.014) with a positive immunostaining in visceral adipose tissue and high plasma TNF-α in comparison with standard diet. The results suggest that this diet was able to generate changes commonly caused to solid diets with high fat or fructose-rich beverages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature concerning the properties of low-cost, sucrose-rich pellet-diet presenting high glycemic index and high glycemic load efficient on the development of obesity complications in Wistar rats that were subjected to diet-induced obesity. Therefore, the HGLI pellet-diet may be considered an effective tool to be used by the scientific community in experimental research.
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20
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Veloso CC, Oliveira MC, Rodrigues VG, Oliveira CC, Duarte LP, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM, Perez AC. Evaluation of the effects of extracts of Maytenus imbricata (Celastraceae) on the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction induced by high-refined carbohydrate diet. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:539-548. [PMID: 29855750 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Maytenus genus is a member of the Celastraceae family. Numerous medicinal uses were assigned to species of this genus, with the use of roots, bark, and leaves for the treatment of gastric ulcers, as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiallergic, antitumor, among others. Several studies have demonstrated that natural products derived from plants have an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of Maytenus imbricata extracts in the treatment of obesity induced by diet rich in refined carbohydrate (HC). BALB/c mice were fed chow or HC diet for 8 weeks. At the beginning of the 9th week, the HC group was subdivided into three groups: (i) group of animals that continued to consume only HC diet; (ii) the group of animals fed HC diet supplemented with ethyl acetate extract of M. imbricata roots (HC + EAE); (iii) the group of animals fed HC diet supplemented with extract in hexane/ethyl ether (HC + HEE). The period of extracts supplementation was 4 weeks. It was observed that EAE and EHE when added to the HC diet modulated the metabolic and inflammatory changes, such as: reduced the adipocytes area, improved glucose intolerance, reduced the levels of triglycerides and resistin in serum, and the number of total leukocytes in blood. In the epididymal adipose tissue, the extracts reduced proinflammatory mediators' concentration. According to the results, it was concluded that the species Maytenus imbricata has the potential to be used for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Veloso
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, 69.077-000, Brazil.
| | - M C Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V G Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C C Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L P Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Teixeira
- Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A V M Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A C Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Sawani A, Farhangi M, N CA, Maul TM, Parthasarathy S, Smallwood J, Wei JL. Limiting Dietary Sugar Improves Pediatric Sinonasal Symptoms and Reduces Inflammation. J Med Food 2018; 21:527-534. [PMID: 29851540 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is associated with many chronic inflammatory diseases in adults. The effects of excessive sugar consumption in children have not been determined. In this study, we hypothesized that sinonasal symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine levels would be related and could be altered through reduction in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. To test this, we conducted a pilot study involving behavior modification and a 2-week follow-up. Seventeen children participants were recruited, and eleven completed the study. The experimental group presented with chronic nasal congestion or rhinorrhea defined by daily symptoms without acute illness for at least 3 months. The control group presented for non-nasal problems. Both groups received counseling to decrease SSB consumption. The Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life (SN-5) Survey was administered, and a blood sample was obtained by venipuncture at baseline and 2 weeks after counseling. Participants kept a 2-week food diary to document sugar intake. Serum lipid profile and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The experimental group reduced daily sugar intake, 46% versus 11% in the control. Baseline SN-5 scores were significantly worse in the experimental group and normalized to controls after intervention. Inflammatory cytokine levels were not different at baseline, but the experimental group significantly reduced in proinflammatory markers and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory markers after intervention. Our pilot data demonstrate higher sugar consumption may be associated with increased inflammatory stress and sinonasal symptoms. Reducing SSB and controlling inflammation in early childhood may have future health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sawani
- 1 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Monika Farhangi
- 1 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Chandrakala Aluganti N
- 2 Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences and College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy M Maul
- 3 Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- 1 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA.,2 Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences and College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jordan Smallwood
- 1 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA.,4 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nemours Children's Hospital , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Julie L Wei
- 1 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA.,5 Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nemours Children's Hospital , Orlando, Florida, USA
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Lana JP, Martins LB, Oliveira MCD, Menezes-Garcia Z, Yamada LTP, Vieira LQ, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM. TNF and IL-18 cytokines may regulate liver fat storage under homeostasis conditions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:1295-1302. [PMID: 27863204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation induced by obesogenic diets is associated with deposition of fat in the liver. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies may impact in body fat storage and in liver lipid dynamics. It is important to study specific inflammatory mediators in this context, since their role on hepatic damage is not fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in liver dysfunction induced by diet. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-18, and TNF receptor 1 knockout mice (IL-18-/- and TNFR1-/-) were divided according to the experimental diets: chow diet or a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. Alanine aminotransferase was quantified by colorimetric analysis. Total fat content in the liver was determined by Folch methods. Levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in liver samples were measured by ELISA assay. IL-18 and TNFR knockout mice fed with chow diet showed higher liver triglycerides deposition than WT mice fed with the same diet (WT: 131.9 ± 24.5; IL-18-/-: 239.4 ± 38.12*; TNF-/-: 179.6 ± 50.45*; *P < 0.01). Furthermore, these animals also showed a worse liver histopathological score and lower levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in the liver. Interestingly, treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet did not exacerbate liver damage in IL-18-/- and TNFR1-/- mice. Our data suggest that IL-18 and TNF may be involved on hepatic homeostasis mainly in a context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Pereira Lana
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Chaves de Oliveira
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Fernandes-Lima F, Monte TLRG, Nascimento FADM, Gregório BM. Short Exposure to a High-Sucrose Diet and the First 'Hit' of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:464-472. [PMID: 27318725 DOI: 10.1159/000446514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-sucrose and high-fat diets induce deregulation in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. This study aimed to detect the initial consequences on lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and insulin signaling in the livers of rodents fed high-fat and/or high-sucrose diets for a short period of time. Male mice received a standard chow (SC), high-fat (HF), high-sucrose (HSu) or high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHSu) diet for 4 weeks. At euthanasia, blood was collected and the liver was removed for histomorphometrical and molecular analysis. The HF, HSu and HFHSu groups presented glucose intolerance, hepatomegaly, liver steatosis and lipid profile alteration when compared to the SC group (p < 0.0005). Additionally, there was an elevation in protein levels involved in lipogenesis (SREBP-1c), gluconeogenesis (PEPCK and G6Pase) and insulin signaling (IRS-1 and Akt) in the livers from the experimental groups compared to the SC group (p < 0.0005). Thus, we conclude that a short-term HF and/or HSu diet promotes glucose intolerance and liver damage in adult male mice. Surprisingly, the short exposure to excess sucrose in the diet promoted glucose intolerance and liver damage even in the absence of an increase in body mass or changes in serum insulin, cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fernandes-Lima
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Maioli TU, Gonçalves JL, Miranda MCG, Martins VD, Horta LS, Moreira TG, Godard ALB, Santiago AF, Faria AMC. High sugar and butter (HSB) diet induces obesity and metabolic syndrome with decrease in regulatory T cells in adipose tissue of mice. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:169-78. [PMID: 26650032 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to develop a novel diet based on standard AIN93G diet that would be able to induce experimental obesity and impair immune regulation with high concentrations of both carbohydrate and lipids. METHODS To compare the effects of this high sugar and butter (HSB) diet with other modified diets, male C57BL/6 mice were fed either mouse chow, or AIN93G diet, or high sugar (HS) diet, or high-fat (HF) diet, or high sugar and butter (HSB) diet for 11 weeks ad libitum. HSB diet induced higher weight gain. Therefore, control AIN93G and HSB groups were chosen for additional analysis. Regulatory T cells were studied by flow cytometry, and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Although HF and HSB diets were able to induce a higher weight gain compatible with obesity in treated mice, HSB-fed mice presented the higher levels of serum glucose after fasting and the lowest frequency of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue. In addition, mice that were fed HSB diet presented higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, hyperleptinemia, increased resistin and leptin levels as well as reduced adiponectin serum levels. Importantly, we found increased frequency of CD4(+)CD44(+) effector T cells, reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and Th3 regulatory T cells as well as decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in adipose tissue of HSB-fed mice. CONCLUSION Therefore, HSB represents a novel model of obesity-inducing diet that was efficient in triggering alterations compatible with metabolic syndrome as well as impairment in immune regulatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lauar Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camila Gonçalves Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Dantas Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Sampaio Horta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Brunialti Godard
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrezza Fernanda Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects of the Brazilian salsaparrilhas Smilax brasiliensis Spreng. (Smilacaceae) and Herreria salsaparrilha Mart. (Agavaceae) in mice treated with a high-refined-carbohydrate containing diet. Food Res Int 2015; 76:366-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Ferreira AVM, Menezes-Garcia Z, Viana JB, Mário ÉG, Botion LM. Distinct metabolic pathways trigger adipocyte fat accumulation induced by high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Nutrition 2014; 30:1138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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de Queiroz CAA, Fonseca SGC, Frota PB, Figueiredo IL, Aragão KS, Magalhães CEC, de Carvalho CBM, Lima AÂM, Ribeiro RA, Guerrant RL, Moore SR, Oriá RB. Zinc treatment ameliorates diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:136. [PMID: 25095704 PMCID: PMC4142448 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WHO guidelines recommend zinc supplementation as a key adjunct therapy for childhood diarrhea in developing countries, however zinc's anti-diarrheal effects remain only partially understood. Recently, it has been recognized that low-grade inflammation may influence stunting. In this study, we examined whether oral zinc supplementation could improve weight, intestinal inflammation, and diarrhea in undernourished weanling rats. METHODS Rats were undernourished using a northeastern Brazil regional diet (RBD) for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with a saturated lactose solution (30 g/kg) in the last 7 days to induce osmotic diarrhea. Animals were checked for diarrhea daily after lactose intake. Blood was drawn in order to measure serum zinc levels by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Rats were euthanized to harvest jejunal tissue for histology and cytokine profiles by ELISA. In a subset of animals, spleen samples were harvested under aseptic conditions to quantify bacterial translocation. RESULTS Oral zinc supplementation increased serum zinc levels following lactose-induced osmotic diarrhea. In undernourished rats, zinc improved weight gain following osmotic diarrhea and significantly reduced diarrheal scores by the third day of lactose intake (p < 0.05), with improved jejunum histology (p < 0.0001). Zinc supplementation diminished bacterial translocation only in lactose-challenged undernourished rats (p = 0.03) compared with the untreated challenged controls and reduced intestinal IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines to control levels. CONCLUSION Altogether our findings provide novel mechanisms of zinc action in the setting of diarrhea and undernutrition and support the use of zinc to prevent the vicious cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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28
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Oliveira VB, Ferreira AV, Oliveira MC, Teixeira MM, Brandão MG. Effects of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. fruit on metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by high refined carbohydrate-containing-diet in mice. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Pinho LD, Flávio EF, Santos SHS, Botelho ACDC, Caldeira AP. Excesso de peso e consumo alimentar em adolescentes de escolas públicas no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 19:67-74. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014191.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência excesso de peso e o consumo alimentar entre adolescentes de rede pública de ensino ao norte de Minas Gerais. Desenvolveu-se estudo transversal com amostra aleatória e representativa de adolescentes. Foram coletadas informações demográficas e econômicas. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pela aplicação de questionário semiquantitativo. Aferiu-se peso e altura para avaliação do estado nutricional com base no Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) por Idade. A comparação entre os gêneros foi conduzida por meio do teste t de Student (médias) ou qui-quadrado (proporções), assumindo-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Foram avaliados 535 adolescentes e registrada uma prevalência de excesso de peso para 18,5%. Houve diferença significativa entre os gêneros para o IMC (p = 0,001), maior entre as meninas. O consumo médio de energia foi de 3.096,30kcal/dia. Observou-se consumo insuficiente de fibras em 35% dos adolescentes, de cálcio e vitamina A em 80% e gorduras insaturadas em 100%. Carboidratos e colesterol eram consumidos em excesso por 20,6% e 48%, respectivamente. A prevalência do excesso de peso e o consumo alimentar inadequado mostrou-se preocupante para a população estudada e demandam adequada intervenção nutricional.
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Veloso CDC, de Oliveira MC, Oliveira CDC, Rodrigues VG, Giusti-Paiva A, Teixeira MM, Duarte ID, Ferreira AVM, Perez ADC. Hydroethanolic extract of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers flowers improves inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction induced by high-refined carbohydrate diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:722-728. [PMID: 24309496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pyrostegia venusta is used in traditional Brazilian medicine as a general tonic to treat any inflammatory disease. Several studies have demonstrated that medicinal plants constitute a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic and inflammatory disarrangement. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of hydroethanolic extract of Pyrostegia venusta flowers (PvHE) supplementation for the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction induced by high-refined-carbohydrate (HC) diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS The BALB/c mice were fed chow or HC diet for 8 weeks. Part of these animals was fed with HC diet supplemented with PvHE on the 9th week until the 12th week. At the end of the dietary intervention, animals were sacrificed. RESULTS We observed that PvHE decreased adiposity and adipocyte area; improved glucose intolerance; reduced serum triacylglycerol levels and systemic inflammatory cells; and also reduced some inflammatory mediators levels in adipose tissue and liver. CONCLUSION The results showed that PvHE has beneficial effects and may treat inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction induced by HC diet, that are associated to a negative modulation of the inflammatory process at systemic and local levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice de Carvalho Veloso
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Chaves de Oliveira
- Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina da Costa Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Igor Dimitri Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea de Castro Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Oliveira MC, Menezes-Garcia Z, Henriques MCC, Soriani FM, Pinho V, Faria AMC, Santiago AF, Cara DC, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM. Acute and sustained inflammation and metabolic dysfunction induced by high refined carbohydrate-containing diet in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E396-406. [PMID: 23696431 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet (HC) on inflammatory parameters and metabolic disarrangement of adipose tissue are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing and progression of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by HC diet in mice. DESIGN AND METHODS BALB/c mice were fed chow or HC diet for 1 and 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Animals given HC diet exhibited acute and sustained increase in visceral adiposity, glucose intolerance, low insulin sensitivity, hyperlipemia, acute increase in mRNA expression of ACC, LPL, PPARγ, SREBP-1, and ChREBP and altered circulating levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin. There was leucocyte rolling and adhesion on adipose tissue microvessels already at 3 days and until 8 weeks of HC diet. Adipose tissue of mice had increased number of macrophages (M1 and M2), lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD4+ Foxp3+), and neutrophils (GR1+) already at 3 days after initiation of HC diet. Overall, concentration of cytokines and chemokines, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, CCL2, and CXCL1, in adipose tissue was elevated throughout the experimental period. Levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 tended to reach baseline levels at 12 weeks of HC diet. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel murine model of fat pad expansion induced by HC diet that is characterized by early onset and sustained adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disarrangement. The acute inflammatory response in adipose tissue occurs very early and is sustained, suggesting that adipose tissue inflammation is a homeostatic mechanism to regulate nutrient overload and adipose expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Oliveira
- Department of Basic Nursing, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Imunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bjørndal B, Vik R, Brattelid T, Vigerust NF, Burri L, Bohov P, Nygård O, Skorve J, Berge RK. Krill powder increases liver lipid catabolism and reduces glucose mobilization in tumor necrosis factor-alpha transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet. Metabolism 2012; 61:1461-72. [PMID: 22538117 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A promising approach to ameliorate obesity and obesity-associated diseases is the identification of new sources of dietary ingredients. The present study investigated the hepatic regulation of energy metabolism after feeding a powder isolated from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in a transgenic mouse model of chronic inflammation (human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNFα) mice) known to display unfavorable effects on lipid metabolism. Male hTNFα mice were fed high-fat diets (23.6%, w/w) with or without krill powder (6.4% lipids, 4.3% protein, w/w) for 6 weeks. Blood, liver lipid, and fatty acid composition, as well as hepatic enzyme activities and gene expressions, were determined. Krill powder fed mice displayed lowered hepatic and plasma triacylglycerol levels compared to mice on a high-fat casein diet. This was accompanied by down-regulated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and glycerolipid synthesis, and increased β-oxidation activity. In addition, the krill powder diet lowered plasma levels of cholesterol, as well as hepatic gene expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2) and enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Notably, genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were significantly reduced in liver by the krill powder diet, while genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and uncoupling were not affected. Krill powder also reduced endogenous TNFα in liver, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. In a high-fat mouse model with disturbed lipid metabolism due to persistent hTNFα expression, krill powder showed significant effects on hepatic glucose- and lipid metabolism, resulting in an improved lipid status in liver and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Bjørndal
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Abstract
For many years, the development of insulin resistance has been seen as the core defect responsible for the development of Type 2 diabetes. However, despite extensive research, the initial factors responsible for insulin resistance development have not been elucidated. If insulin resistance can be overcome by enhanced insulin secretion, then hyperglycaemia will never develop. Therefore, a β-cell defect is clearly required for the development of diabetes. There is a wealth of evidence to suggest that disorders in insulin secretion can lead to the development of decreased insulin sensitivity. In this review, we describe the potential initiating defects in Type 2 diabetes, normal pulsatile insulin secretion and the effects that disordered secretion may have on both β-cell function and hepatic insulin sensitivity. We go on to examine evidence from physiological and epidemiological studies describing β-cell dysfunction in the development of insulin resistance. Finally, we describe how disordered insulin secretion may cause intracellular insulin resistance and the implications this concept has for diabetes therapy. In summary, disordered insulin secretion may contribute to development of insulin resistance and hence represent an initiating factor in the progression to Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Schofield
- Diabetes Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
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Tehrani AB, Nezami BG, Gewirtz A, Srinivasan S. Obesity and its associated disease: a role for microbiota? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:305-11. [PMID: 22339979 PMCID: PMC3303978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of the obesity and its related metabolic diseases. A variety of factors including diet, genetic background, environment and host innate and adaptive immune responses define an individual's gut microbiota. PURPOSE In this review we outline potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota can contribute to the development of obesity focusing on specific processes such as microbial energy extraction, microbiota induced-inflammation and regulation of appetite. We review the current understanding of each of these processes on regulating metabolism and examine potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of the metabolic syndrome. We explore the hypothesis that alteration in gut microbiota may be an initial event leading to altered feeding behavior and/or systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to weight gain and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bonakdar Tehrani
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Behtash Ghazi Nezami
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Andrew Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
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Alisi A, Pastore A, Ceccarelli S, Panera N, Gnani D, Bruscalupi G, Massimi M, Tozzi G, Piemonte F, Nobili V. Emodin prevents intrahepatic fat accumulation, inflammation and redox status imbalance during diet-induced hepatosteatosis in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2276-2289. [PMID: 22408453 PMCID: PMC3292022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat and/or high-carbohydrate diets may predispose to several metabolic disturbances including liver fatty infiltration (hepatosteatosis) or be associated with necro-inflammation and fibrosis (steatohepatitis). Several studies have emphasized the hepatoprotective effect of some natural agents. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of the treatment with emodin, an anthraquinone derivative with anti-oxidant and anti-cancer abilities, in rats developing diet-induced hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard diet (SD) for 15 weeks, or a high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD/HF). After 5 weeks, emodin was added to the drinking water of some of the SD and HFD/HF rats. The experiment ended after an additional 10 weeks. Emodin-treated HFD/HF rats were protected from hepatosteatosis and metabolic derangements usually observed in HFD/HF animals. Furthermore, emodin exerted anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the HFD/HF-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Emodin also affected the hepatocytes glutathione homeostasis and levels of the HFD/HF-induced increase of glutathionylated/phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). In conclusion, we demonstrated that a natural agent such as emodin can prevent hepatosteatosis, preserving liver from pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant damage caused by HFD/HF diet. These findings are promising, proposing emodin as a possible hindrance to progression of hepatosteatosis into steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alisi
- Liver Unit of “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.P.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-06-68592186; Fax: +39-06-68592904
| | - Anna Pastore
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, of “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Sara Ceccarelli
- Liver Unit of “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.P.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
| | - Nadia Panera
- Liver Unit of “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.P.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
| | - Daniela Gnani
- Liver Unit of “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.P.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
| | - Giovannella Bruscalupi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, “La Sapienza” University, Rome 00185, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Mara Massimi
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67010, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Giulia Tozzi
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (G.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (G.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Liver Unit of “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.P.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
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