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Mattke J, Darden CM, Lawrence MC, Kuncha J, Shah YA, Kane RR, Naziruddin B. Toll-like receptor 4 in pancreatic damage and immune infiltration in acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362727. [PMID: 38585277 PMCID: PMC10995222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory disease resulting in extreme pain and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. It can be caused by several factors ranging from genetics, alcohol use, gall stones, and ductal obstruction caused by calcification or neutrophil extracellular traps. Acute pancreatitis is also characterized by immune cell infiltration of neutrophils and M1 macrophages. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor that has been noted to respond to endogenous ligands such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and or exogenous ligands such as lipopolysaccharide both of which can be present during the progression of acute pancreatitis. This receptor can be found on a variety of cell types from endothelial cells to resident and infiltrating immune cells leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as immune cell activation and maturation resulting in the furthering of pancreatic damage during acute pancreatitis. In this review we will address the various mechanisms mediated by TLR4 in the advancement of acute pancreatitis and how targeting this receptor could lead to improved outcomes for patients suffering from this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mattke
- Baylor University, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Carly M. Darden
- Baylor University Medical Center, Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jayachandra Kuncha
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yumna Ali Shah
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Robert R. Kane
- Baylor University, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Baylor University Medical Center, Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
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2
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Kang S, Onishi S, Ling Z, Inoue H, Zhang Y, Chang H, Zhao H, Wang T, Okuzaki D, Matsuura H, Takamatsu H, Oda J, Kishimoto T. Gp130-HIF1α axis-induced vascular damage is prevented by the short-term inhibition of IL-6 receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315898120. [PMID: 38165930 PMCID: PMC10786312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315898120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Protection against endothelial damage is recognized as a frontline approach to preventing the progression of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes vascular endothelial damage during CRS, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Targeting IL-6 receptor signaling delays CRS progression; however, current options are limited by persistent inhibition of the immune system. Here, we show that endothelial IL-6 trans-signaling promoted vascular damage and inflammatory responses via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-induced glycolysis. Using pharmacological inhibitors targeting HIF1α activity or mice with the genetic ablation of gp130 in the endothelium, we found that inhibition of IL-6R (IL-6 receptor)-HIF1α signaling in endothelial cells protected against vascular injury caused by septic damage and provided survival benefit in a mouse model of sepsis. In addition, we developed a short half-life anti-IL-6R antibody (silent anti-IL-6R antibody) and found that it was highly effective at augmenting survival for sepsis and severe burn by strengthening the endothelial glycocalyx and reducing cytokine storm, and vascular leakage. Together, our data advance the role of endothelial IL-6 trans-signaling in the progression of CRS and indicate a potential therapeutic approach for burns and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immune Regulation, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Onishi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Zhenzhen Ling
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Inoue
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Next Generation-Sequencing Core Facility, Bioinformatics Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Clinical Research Center for Autoimmune Disease, Osaka Minami Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kawachinagano, Osaka586-8521, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Oda
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immune Regulation, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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He Y, Liu D, Zhu C, Chen X, Ye H, Ye M. Prevention of the Lachnum polysaccharide and its selenium derivatives on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129192. [PMID: 36813052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the renal protective effects of the polysaccharide LEP-1a and derivatives of selenium (SeLEP-1a) from Lachnum YM38, cisplatin (CP) was used to establish an acute kidney model. LEP-1a and SeLEP-1a could effectively reverse the decrease in renal index and improved renal oxidative stress. LEP-1a and SeLEP-1a significantly reduced the contents of the inflammatory cytokines. They could inhibit the release of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increase the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). At the same time, the PCR results indicated that SeLEP-1a could significantly inhibit the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) p65 and inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IκBα). Western blot analysis showed that LEP-1a and SeLEP-1a significantly downregulated the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 and upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (p-Akt) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression levels in the kidney. LEP-1a and SeLEP-1a could improve CP-induced acute kidney injury by regulating the oxidative stress response, NF-κB-mediated inflammation and the PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling He
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fashion Technology, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing 246003, China
| | - Changsong Zhu
- Hefei University of Technology Hospital, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongling Ye
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fashion Technology, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing 246003, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Moragas LJ, Alves FDAV, Oliveira LDLS, Salomão NG, Azevedo CG, da Silva JFR, Basílio-de-Oliveira CA, Basílio-de-Oliveira R, Mohana-Borges R, de Carvalho JJ, Rosman FC, Paes MV, Rabelo K. Liver immunopathogenesis in fatal cases of dengue in children: detection of viral antigen, cytokine profile and inflammatory mediators. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215730. [PMID: 37457689 PMCID: PMC10348746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue virus (DENV), the etiologic agent of dengue fever illness, represents a global public health concern, mainly in tropical and subtropical areas across the globe. It is well known that this acute viral disease can progress to severe hemorrhagic stages in some individuals, however, the immunopathogenic basis of the development of more severe forms by these patients is yet to be fully understood. Objective In this context, we investigated and characterized the histopathological features as well as the cytokine profile and cell subpopulations present in liver tissues from three fatal cases of DENV in children. Methods Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Picro Sirius Red staining were utilized for the histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry assay was performed to characterize the inflammatory response and cell expression patterns. Results Vascular dysfunctions such as hemorrhage, vascular congestion and edema associated with a mononuclear infiltrate were observedin all three cases. Liver tissues exhibited increased presence of CD68+ and TCD8+ cells as well as high expression of MMP-9, TNF-a, RANTES, VEGFR-2 mediators. Viral replication was confirmed by the detection of NS3 protein. Conclusion Taken together, these results evidenced key factors that may be involved in the development of severe alterations in liver tissues of children in response to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Junqueira Moragas
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Andrade Vieira Alves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Gedeão Salomão
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio Gonçalves Azevedo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Colonna Rosman
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marciano Viana Paes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kíssila Rabelo
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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LaPointe A, Gale M, Kell AM. Orthohantavirus Replication in the Context of Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1130. [PMID: 37243216 PMCID: PMC10220641 DOI: 10.3390/v15051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne, negative-sense RNA viruses that are capable of causing severe vascular disease in humans. Over the course of viral evolution, these viruses have tailored their replication cycles in such a way as to avoid and/or antagonize host innate immune responses. In the rodent reservoir, this results in life long asymptomatic infections. However, in hosts other than its co-evolved reservoir, the mechanisms for subduing the innate immune response may be less efficient or absent, potentially leading to disease and/or viral clearance. In the case of human orthohantavirus infection, the interaction of the innate immune response with viral replication is thought to give rise to severe vascular disease. The orthohantavirus field has made significant advancements in understanding how these viruses replicate and interact with host innate immune responses since their identification by Dr. Ho Wang Lee and colleagues in 1976. Therefore, the purpose of this review, as part of this special issue dedicated to Dr. Lee, was to summarize the current knowledge of orthohantavirus replication, how viral replication activates innate immunity, and how the host antiviral response, in turn, impacts viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn LaPointe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison M. Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Zhao W, Wei H, Lu J, Sha W, Sun D, Pan T, Lei T. Tyrosol attenuates lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammation in HUVECs to promote vascular health against atherosclerosis challenge. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:240. [PMID: 37114177 PMCID: PMC10126797 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial cells in acute and chronic vascular inflammatory response has long been recognized. Therefore, persistent vascular inflammation may lead to endothelial dysfunction, thus resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion molecules, which in turn promote monocyte/macrophage adhesion. Inflammation serves a key role in the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Tyrosol is a natural polyphenolic compound with diverse biological functions, found in large quantities in olive oil or in Rhodiola rosea. The current study aimed to investigate the regulatory in vitro effects of tyrosol on pro-inflammatory phenotypes using Cell Counting Kit-8, cell adhesion assay, wound healing, ELISA, western blotting, duel-luciferase, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. The results showed that tyrosol significantly inhibited the adhesion of THP-1 human umbilical vein endothelial cells, reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced cell migration and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression levels of adhesion-related molecules, such as TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Previous studies indicate that NF-κB could serve a pivotal role in initiating the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells and particularly in regulating the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors. The results of the current study demonstrated that tyrosol was associated with decreased expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, thus suggesting that tyrosol could be a novel pharmacological approach for treating inflammatory vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Sha
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Dusang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Tao Lei, Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Putuo, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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7
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The Yin and Yang of toll-like receptors in endothelial dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shin JH, Seo BG, Lee IW, Kim HJ, Seo EC, Lee KM, Jeon SB, Baek SK, Kim TS, Lee JH, Choi JW, Hwangbo C, Lee JH. Functional Characterization of Endothelial Cells Differentiated from Porcine Epiblast Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1524. [PMID: 35563830 PMCID: PMC9104949 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), lining blood vessels' lumen, play an essential role in regulating vascular functions. As multifunctional components of vascular structures, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are the promising source for potential therapeutic applications in various vascular diseases. Our laboratory has previously established an approach for differentiating porcine epiblast stem cells (pEpiSCs) into ECs, representing an alternative and potentially superior cell source. However, the condition of pEpiSCs-derived ECs growth has yet to be determined, and whether pEpiSCs differentiate into functional ECs remained unclear. Changes in morphology, proliferation and functional endothelial marker were assessed in pEpiSCs-derived ECs in vitro. pEpiSCs-derived ECs were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to collect CD-31+ of ECs. We found that sorted ECs showed the highest proliferation rate in differentiation media in primary culture and M199 media in the subculture. Next, sorted ECs were examined for their ability to act as typical vascular ECs through capillary-like structure formation assay, Dil-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) uptake, and three-dimensional spheroid sprouting. Consequently, pEpiSCs-derived ECs function as typical vascular ECs, indicating that pEpiSC-derived ECs might be used to develop cell therapeutics for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hong Shin
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Bo-Gyeong Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - In-Won Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun-Chan Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Korea;
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Korea;
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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9
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Tailoring PEGylated nanoparticle surface modulates inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 174:155-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ngamsri KC, Putri RA, Jans C, Schindler K, Fuhr A, Zhang Y, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Ehnert S, Konrad FM. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Inhibition Ameliorates the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Adora2b Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13576. [PMID: 34948374 PMCID: PMC8709064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and peritonitis-associated sepsis are characterized by an increased formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs), which contribute to an excessive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the inflamed tissue. An important neutrophilic mechanism to capture and kill invading pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Formation of PNCs and NETs are essential to eliminate pathogens, but also lead to aggravated tissue damage. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on platelets and PMNs have been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Thereby, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were linked with functional adenosine A2B receptor (Adora2b) signaling. We evaluated the effects of selective CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition on PNCs and NETs in zymosan- and fecal-induced sepsis. We determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and, in addition, their infiltration into various organs in wild-type and Adora2b-/- mice by flow cytometry and histological methods. Further, we evaluated NET formation in both mouse lines and the impact of Adora2b signaling on it. We hypothesized that the protective effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism on PNC and NET formation are linked with Adora2b signaling. We observed an elevated CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in circulating platelets and PMNs during acute inflammation. Specific CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition reduced PNC formation in the blood, respectively, in the peritoneal, lung, and liver tissue in wild-type mice, while no protective anti-inflammatory effects were observed in Adora2b-/- animals. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism dampened PNC and NET formation with human platelets and PMNs, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study reveals new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on PNC and NET formation during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Rizki A. Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Anika Fuhr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
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11
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Weiss E, Vlahos A, Kim B, Wijegunasekara S, Shanmuganathan D, Aitken T, Joo JHE, Imran S, Shepherd R, Craig JM, Green M, Hiden U, Novakovic B, Saffery R. Transcriptomic Remodelling of Fetal Endothelial Cells During Establishment of Inflammatory Memory. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757393. [PMID: 34867995 PMCID: PMC8640490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory memory involves the molecular and cellular ‘reprogramming’ of innate immune cells following exogenous stimuli, leading to non-specific protection against subsequent pathogen exposure. This phenomenon has now also been described in non-hematopoietic cells, such as human fetal and adult endothelial cells. In this study we mapped the cell-specific DNA methylation profile and the transcriptomic remodelling during the establishment of inflammatory memory in two distinct fetal endothelial cell types – a progenitor cell (ECFC) and a differentiated cell (HUVEC) population. We show that both cell types have a core transcriptional response to an initial exposure to a viral-like ligand, Poly(I:C), characterised by interferon responsive genes. There was also an ECFC specific response, marked by the transcription factor ELF1, suggesting a non-canonical viral response pathway in progenitor endothelial cells. Next, we show that both ECFCs and HUVECs establish memory in response to an initial viral exposure, resulting in an altered subsequent response to lipopolysaccharide. While the capacity to train or tolerize the induction of specific sets of genes was similar between the two cell types, the progenitor ECFCs show a higher capacity to establish memory. Among tolerized cellular pathways are those involved in endothelial barrier establishment and leukocyte migration, both important for regulating systemic immune-endothelial cell interactions. These findings suggest that the capacity for inflammatory memory may be a common trait across different endothelial cell types but also indicate that the specific downstream targets may vary by developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Weiss
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amanda Vlahos
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bowon Kim
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sachintha Wijegunasekara
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhanya Shanmuganathan
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Aitken
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji-Hoon E Joo
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samira Imran
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Shepherd
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Joffre J, Hellman J. Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Sepsis and Acute Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1291-1307. [PMID: 33637016 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Under homeostatic conditions, the endothelium dynamically regulates vascular barrier function, coagulation pathways, leukocyte adhesion, and vasomotor tone. During sepsis and acute inflammation, endothelial cells (ECs) undergo multiple phenotypic and functional modifications that are initially adaptive but eventually become harmful, leading to microvascular dysfunction and multiorgan failure. Critical Issues and Recent Advances: Sepsis unbalances the redox homeostasis toward a pro-oxidant state, characterized by an excess production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and a breakdown of antioxidant systems. In return, oxidative stress (OS) alters multiple EC functions and promotes a proinflammatory, procoagulant, and proadhesive phenotype. The OS also induces glycocalyx deterioration, cell death, increased permeability, and impaired vasoreactivity. Thus, during sepsis, the ECs are both a significant source and one of the main targets of OS. Future Directions: This review aims at covering the current understanding of the role of OS in the endothelial adaptive or maladaptive multifaceted response to sepsis and to outline the therapeutic potential and issues of targeting OS and endothelial dysfunction during sepsis and septic shock. One of the many challenges in the management of sepsis is now based on the detection and correction of these anomalies of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Catecholaminergic Vasopressors Reduce Toll-Like Receptor Agonist-Induced Microvascular Endothelial Cell Permeability But Not Cytokine Production. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:e315-e326. [PMID: 33481407 PMCID: PMC7892263 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. OBJECTIVES: Catecholaminergic vasopressors are the cornerstone of circulatory shock management. Nevertheless, catecholamines have problematic side effects, arousing a growing interest in noncatecholaminergic agents such as vasopressin or angiotensin-II. However, their respective effects on sepsis-associated microvascular endothelial dysfunction such as permeability or inflammation remain elusive. We investigated the role of catecholamines and other vasopressors on Toll-like receptor agonists-induced microvascular endothelial permeability and inflammation. SETTING: University research laboratory/cell research. SUBJECTS: Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from multiple donors. INTERVENTION: Confluent monolayers of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were treated with Toll-like receptor agonists (lipopolysaccharide, Poly[I:C], or tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine) in the presence or absence of epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and angiotensin-II. Permeability was inferred from transendothelial resistance, measured using electrical cell impedance sensing, where decreased transendothelial resistance is consistent with increased permeability. Cell-cell junction molecule expression was assessed via immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We quantified cytokines in supernatants of Toll-like receptor agonist-treated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Epinephrine and norepinephrine both ameliorate lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, or tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine–induced reductions in transendothelial resistance, a surrogate for endothelial permeability. In contrast, the noncatecholaminergic agents, vasopressin, and angiotensin-II did not affect Toll-like receptor agonists-induced reductions in transendothelial resistance. β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists reduced the effects of the catecholamines on transendothelial resistance, whereas α-adrenergic receptor antagonists did not. We observed that epinephrine and norepinephrine induced actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and normalized the membrane expression of proteins involved with adherens-junctions (vascular endothelial-cadherin) and tight-junctions (zona occludens-1). Despite having a substantial effect on endothelial permeability, epinephrine and norepinephrine did not affect human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell survival or production of interleukin-8, interleukin-6, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL-2) induced by Toll-like receptor agonists, suggesting that these functions are regulated separately from permeability. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that treatment with epinephrine or norepinephrine strongly reduces endothelial permeability induced by agonists of multiple Toll-like receptors (Toll-like receptor-2, Toll-like receptor-3, Toll-like receptor-4) in vitro. Our studies suggest that both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors mediate the stabilizing effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the endothelial barrier.
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14
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Vissenaekens H, Criel H, Grootaert C, Raes K, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Flavonoids and cellular stress: a complex interplay affecting human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8535-8566. [PMID: 34098806 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid consumption has beneficial effects on human health, however, clinical evidence remains often inconclusive due to high interindividual variability. Although this high interindividual variability has been consistently observed in flavonoid research, the potential underlying reasons are still poorly studied. Especially the knowledge on the impact of health status on flavonoid responsiveness is limited and merits more investigation. Here, we aim to highlight the bidirectional interplay between flavonoids and cellular stress. First, the state-of-the-art concerning inflammatory stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed and a comprehensive overview of recent in vitro studies investigating the impact of flavonoids on cellular stress, induced by tumor necrosis factor α, lipopolysaccharide and mitochondrial stressors, is given. Second, we critically discuss the influence of cellular stress on flavonoid uptake, accumulation, metabolism and cell responses, which has, to our knowledge, never been extensively reviewed before. Next, we advocate the innovative insight that stratification of the general population based on health status can reveal subpopulations that benefit more from flavonoid consumption. Finally, suggestions are given for the development of future cell models that simulate the physiological micro-environment, including interindividual variability, since more mechanistic research is needed to establish scientific-based personalized food recommendations for specific subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Criel
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Kim JH, Han J, Suk K. Protective Effects of Complement Component 8 Gamma Against Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. Front Physiol 2021; 12:671250. [PMID: 34149451 PMCID: PMC8209513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.671250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the traffic of micromolecules and macromolecules between the peripheral blood and the central nervous system, to maintain brain homeostasis. BBB disruption and dysfunction accompany a variety of neurological disorders and are closely related with the neuroinflammatory cascades that are triggered by leukocyte infiltration and glial activation. Here, we explored the role of complement component 8 gamma (C8G) in the maintenance of BBB integrity. Previously, C8G was shown to inhibit neuroinflammation by interfering with the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-S1PR2 interaction. The results of the present study revealed that C8G is localized in perivascular astrocytes, whereas S1PR2 is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs). In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation model, the intracerebroventricular administration of the recombinant C8G protein protected the integrity of the BBB, whereas shRNA-mediated C8G knockdown enhanced BBB permeability and neutrophil infiltration. Using pharmacological agonists and antagonists of S1PR2, we demonstrated that C8G inhibited the inflammatory activation of ECs in culture by antagonizing S1PR2. In the in vitro BBB model, the addition of the recombinant C8G protein preserved endothelial integrity, whereas the knockdown of C8G exacerbated endothelial leakage under inflammatory conditions. Together, our findings indicate an important role for astrocytic C8G in protecting the BBB in the inflamed brain, suggesting a novel mechanism of cross talk between astrocytes and ECs in terms of BBB maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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16
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Duan H, Zhang Q, Liu J, Li R, Wang D, Peng W, Wu C. Suppression of apoptosis in vascular endothelial cell, the promising way for natural medicines to treat atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105599. [PMID: 33838291 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic multifactorial disease, is closely related to the development of cardiovascular diseases and is one of the predominant causes of death worldwide. Normal vascular endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and inhibiting atherosclerosis by regulating vascular tension, preventing thrombosis and regulating inflammation. Currently, accumulating evidence has revealed that endothelial cell apoptosis is the first step of atherosclerosis. Excess apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by risk factors for atherosclerosis is a preliminary event in atherosclerosis development and might be a target for preventing and treating atherosclerosis. Interestingly, accumulating evidence shows that natural medicines have great potential to treat atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. Therefore, this paper reviewed current studies on the inhibitory effect of natural medicines on endothelial cell apoptosis and summarized the risk factors that may induce endothelial cell apoptosis, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), angiotensin II (Ang II), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), homocysteine (Hcy) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We expect this review to highlight the importance of natural medicines, including extracts and monomers, in the treatment of atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis and provide a foundation for the development of potential antiatherosclerotic drugs from natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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17
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Wong E, Xu F, Joffre J, Nguyen N, Wilhelmsen K, Hellman J. ERK1/2 Has Divergent Roles in LPS-Induced Microvascular Endothelial Cell Cytokine Production and Permeability. Shock 2021; 55:349-356. [PMID: 32826812 PMCID: PMC8139579 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Endothelial cells play a major role in inflammatory responses to infection and sterile injury. Endothelial cells express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and are activated by LPS to express inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and to undergo functional changes, including increased permeability. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mediates pro-inflammatory signaling in monocytes and macrophages, but the role of ERK1/2 in LPS-induced activation of microvascular endothelial cells has not been defined. We therefore studied the role of ERK1/2 in LPS-induced inflammatory activation and permeability of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Inhibition of ERK1/2 augmented LPS-induced IL-6 and vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM-1) production by HMVEC. ERK1/2 siRNA knockdown also augmented IL-6 production by LPS-treated HMVEC. Conversely, ERK1/2 inhibition abrogated permeability and restored cell-cell junctions of LPS-treated HMVEC. Consistent with the previously described pro-inflammatory role for ERK1/2 in leukocytes, inhibition of ERK1/2 reduced LPS-induced cytokine/chemokine production by primary human monocytes. Our study identifies a complex role for ERK1/2 in TLR4-activation of HMVEC, independent of myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) signaling pathways. The activation of ERK1/2 limits LPS-induced IL-6 production by HMVEC, while at the same time promoting HMVEC permeability. Conversely, ERK1/2 activation promotes IL-6 production by human monocytes. Our results suggest that ERK1/2 may play an important role in the nuanced regulation of endothelial cell inflammation and vascular permeability in sepsis and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, California, 94143
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Jérémie Joffre
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
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18
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Maurya MR, Gupta S, Li JYS, Ajami NE, Chen ZB, Shyy JYJ, Chien S, Subramaniam S. Longitudinal shear stress response in human endothelial cells to atheroprone and atheroprotective conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023236118. [PMID: 33468662 PMCID: PMC7848718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023236118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The two main blood flow patterns, namely, pulsatile shear (PS) prevalent in straight segments of arteries and oscillatory shear (OS) observed at branch points, are associated with atheroprotective (healthy) and atheroprone (unhealthy) vascular phenotypes, respectively. The effects of blood flow-induced shear stress on endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular health have generally been studied using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). While there are a few studies comparing the differential roles of PS and OS across different types of ECs at a single time point, there is a paucity of studies comparing the temporal responses between different EC types. In the current study, we measured OS and PS transcriptomic responses in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) over 24 h and compared these temporal responses of HAECs with our previous findings on HUVECs. The measurements were made at 1, 4, and 24 h in order to capture the responses at early, mid, and late time points after shearing. The results indicate that the responses of HAECs and HUVECs are qualitatively similar for endothelial function-relevant genes and several important pathways with a few exceptions, thus demonstrating that HUVECs can be used as a model to investigate the effects of shear on arterial ECs, with consideration of the differences. Our findings show that HAECs exhibit an earlier response or faster kinetics as compared to HUVECs. The comparative analysis of HAECs and HUVECs presented here offers insights into the mechanisms of common and disparate shear stress responses across these two major endothelial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Julie Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nassim E Ajami
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023
| | - Zhen B Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, CA 91010
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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19
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Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are vascular, nonconventional immune cells that play a major role in the systemic response after bacterial infection to limit its dissemination. Triggered by exposure to pathogens, microbial toxins, or endogenous danger signals, EC responses are polymorphous, heterogeneous, and multifaceted. During sepsis, ECs shift toward a proapoptotic, proinflammatory, proadhesive, and procoagulant phenotype. In addition, glycocalyx damage and vascular tone dysfunction impair microcirculatory blood flow, leading to organ injury and, potentially, life-threatening organ failure. This review aims to cover the current understanding of the EC adaptive or maladaptive response to acute inflammation or bacterial infection based on compelling recent basic research and therapeutic clinical trials targeting microvascular and endothelial alterations during septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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20
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Shin JA, Kim HS, Lee Kang J, Park EM. Estrogen deficiency is associated with brain iron deposition via upregulation of hepcidin expression in aged female mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:33-42. [PMID: 32920472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The total iron level in the brain increases with age, and excess iron is associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, the mechanism of brain iron deposition is unknown. In peripheral cells, the expression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis, is regulated by estrogen. This study aimed to determine whether hepcidin was involved in iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells of estrogen-deficient aged female mice. Aged mice showed increased levels of hepcidin and ferritin in the brain and brain microvessels compared with young mice, and these levels were reduced by estrogen replacement in ovariectomized aged mice. In the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, the lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/mL)-induced increases of hepcidin mRNA and protein levels, the number of Prussian blue-positive cells, and free radicals were reduced after estrogen treatment. These results suggest that estrogen deficiency with an increase of hepcidin is partly responsible for iron deposition in the brain and brain endothelial cells and that hepcidin can be a target to prevent brain aging and neurodegeneration in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Bhagwani A, Thompson AAR, Farkas L. When Innate Immunity Meets Angiogenesis-The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Endothelial Cells and Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:352. [PMID: 32850883 PMCID: PMC7410919 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors serve a central role in innate immunity, but they can also modulate cell function in various non-immune cell types including endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are necessary for the organized function of the vascular system, and part of their fundamental role is also the regulation of immune function and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how Toll-like receptors contribute to the immune and non-immune functions of the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneel Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A. A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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22
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Schreier HMC, Kuras YI, McInnis CM, Thoma MV, St Pierre DG, Hanlin L, Chen X, Wang D, Goldblatt D, Rohleder N. Childhood Physical Neglect Is Associated With Exaggerated Systemic and Intracellular Inflammatory Responses to Repeated Psychosocial Stress in Adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:504. [PMID: 32581878 PMCID: PMC7290130 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiences of child maltreatment are associated with a host of adverse mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. Altered reactivity to psychosocial stress exposure may partially explain known associations between early experiences of maltreatment and later life health. The present study focuses on examining whether experiences of child maltreatment are associated with physiological reactions to initial and repeated psychosocial stress in adulthood. To this end, 44 healthy adults (52% male, aged 18-65) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to provide information about exposure to child maltreatment and completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on 2 consecutive days. Peripheral blood was collected prior to as well as 30 and 120 min following the TSST on each day. Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and inhibitor of kB (IkB) were measured from each blood sample. Total CTQ scores were unrelated to plasma IL-6 and gene expression (ps > .10) but a history of childhood physical neglect was associated with increased interleukin-1β (β =.35; p =.02; R2 =.19) and nuclear factor-kB (β =.30; p =.046; R2 =.13) expression following initial stress. Following repeated exposure to the TSST, childhood physical neglect was associated with increased plasma IL-6 reactivity (β =.34; p =.02; R2 =.16) and increased expression of nuclear factor-kB (β =.31; p =.04; R2 =.08). Finally, childhood physical neglect was associated with decreased habituation following repeated exposure to the TSST. Other CTQ subscales were not related to plasma IL-6 and gene expression when considered individually. Results from this study are suggestive of a unique effect of childhood physical neglect on the physiological stress response following initial and repeated exposure to a common psychosocial stressor. This provides important directions for future research because the effect of childhood physical neglect on long-term neglect are not well understood and in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M C Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yuliya I Kuras
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States.,Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Myriam V Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Luke Hanlin
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Diana Wang
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dena Goldblatt
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience and Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States.,Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Fulham MA, Ratna A, Gerstein RM, Kurt-Jones EA, Mandrekar P. Alcohol-induced adipose tissue macrophage phenotypic switching is independent of myeloid Toll-like receptor 4 expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C687-C700. [PMID: 31268779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00276.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease results from a combination of immune and metabolic pathogenic events. In addition to liver injury, chronic alcohol consumption also causes adipose tissue inflammation. The specific immune mechanisms that drive this process are unknown. Here, we sought to determine the role of the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in alcohol-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Using a model of chronic, multiple-binge alcohol exposure, we showed that alcohol-mediated accumulation of proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages was absent in global TLR4 knockout mice. Proinflammatory macrophage accumulation did not depend on macrophage TLR4 expression; LysMCre-driven deletion of Tlr4 from myeloid cells did not affect circulating endotoxin or the accumulation of M1 macrophages in adipose tissue following alcohol exposure. Proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in the adipose stromal vascular fraction also occurred independently of TLR4. Finally, the levels of other adipose immune cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells, were modulated by chronic, multiple-binge alcohol and the presence of TLR4. Together, these data indicate that TLR4 expression on cells, other than myeloid cells, is important for the alcohol-induced increase in proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Fulham
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anuradha Ratna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel M Gerstein
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Evelyn A Kurt-Jones
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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24
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Hua H, Zhang Z, Qian Y, Yuan H, Ge W, Huang S, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Ding G. Inhibition of the mitochondrial complex-1 protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108948. [PMID: 31078037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of rotenone, a mitochondrial complex-1 inhibitor, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced acute liver injury, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Before CCl4 administration, the mice were pretreated with rotenone at a dose of 250 ppm in food for three days. Then CCl4 was administered to the mice for 16 h by intraperitoneal injection. The liver injury, mitochondrial status, oxidative stress, and inflammation were examined. Strikingly, CCl4 treatment markedly induced liver injury as shown by enhanced serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and morphological lesions (HE stating), which was significantly attenuated by rotenone treatment in line with the reduced activity of mitochondrial complex-1. Meanwhile, oxidative stress markers of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and dihydroethidium (DHE) and the inflammatory markers of IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, TLR-4, and IL-6 were also significantly suppressed by rotenone. More importantly, the mitochondrial abnormalities shown by the reduction of SOD2, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (mtND1), and Cytb were significantly restored, indicating that rotenone protected against mitochondrial damage induced by CCl4 in liver. Moreover, rotenone treatment alone did not significantly alter liver morphology and liver enzymes ALT and AST. CYP2E1, a metabolic enzyme of CCl4, was also not significantly affected by rotenone. In conclusion, rotenone protected the liver from CCl4-induced damage possibly by inhibiting the mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Hua
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Zhenglei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, 188 Lingshan Northern Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Wenwen Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
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25
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Niu X, Yao Q, Li W, Zang L, Li W, Zhao J, Liu F, Zhi W. Harmine mitigates LPS-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signalling pathway in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 849:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Muramyl Dipeptide Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Through the NOD2/COX-2/NOX4 Signaling Pathway in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:352-358. [PMID: 29634657 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium dysfunction caused by oxidative stress accelerates the pathologic process of cardiovascular diseases. NOD2, an essential receptor of innate immune system, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Here, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on NOX4-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining was to measure the intracellular ROS level and showed MDP-promoted ROS production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 and COX-2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence NOD2 or COX-2 gene expression and investigate the mechanism of NOD2-mediated signaling pathway in HUVECs. Data showed that MDP induced NOX4 and COX-2 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. NOD2 knock-down suppressed upregulation of COX-2 and NOX4 in HUVECs treated with MDP. Furthermore, silence of COX-2 in HUVECs downregulated the NOX4 expression after MDP stimulation. Collectively, we indicated that NOD2 played a leading role in MDP-induced COX-2/NOX4/ROS signaling pathway in HUVECs, which was a novel regulatory mechanism in the progress of ROS generation.
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27
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Zang H, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Xiao H, Sun T, Guo E, Zhang L, Gong B. Oxymatrine improves L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis related intestinal injury via regulating AKT/NFkB and claudins signaling. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Ibañez-Cabellos JS, Aguado C, Pérez-Cremades D, García-Giménez JL, Bueno-Betí C, García-López EM, Romá-Mateo C, Novella S, Hermenegildo C, Pallardó FV. Extracellular histones activate autophagy and apoptosis via mTOR signaling in human endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3234-3246. [PMID: 30006152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating histones have been proposed as targets for therapy in sepsis and hyperinflammatory symptoms. However, the proposed strategies have failed in clinical trials. Although different mechanisms for histone-related cytotoxicity are being explored, those mediated by circulating histones are not fully understood. Extracellular histones induce endothelial cell death, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as sepsis and septic shock. Therefore, the comprehension of cellular responses triggered by histones is capital to design effective therapeutic strategies. Here we report how extracellular histones induce autophagy and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in cultured human endothelial cells. In addition, we describe how histones regulate these pathways via Sestrin2/AMPK/ULK1-mTOR and AKT/mTOR. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of Toll-like receptors in mediating autophagy and apoptosis demonstrating how TLR inhibitors do not prevent apoptosis and/or autophagy induced by histones. Our results confirm that histones and autophagic pathways can be considered as novel targets to design therapeutic strategies in endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Santiago Ibañez-Cabellos
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA-CIPF Joint Unit in Rare Diseases, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA-CIPF Joint Unit in Rare Diseases, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA-CIPF Joint Unit in Rare Diseases, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Bueno-Betí
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva M García-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA-CIPF Joint Unit in Rare Diseases, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Epigenetics Research Platform, CIBERer-UV-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Novella
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermenegildo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA-CIPF Joint Unit in Rare Diseases, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Crowley T, Buckley CD, Clark AR. Stroma: the forgotten cells of innate immune memory. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:24-36. [PMID: 29729109 PMCID: PMC6038004 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms are exposed constantly to a variety of infectious and injurious stimuli. These induce inflammatory responses tailored to the threat posed. While the innate immune system is the front line of response to each stimulant, it has been considered traditionally to lack memory, acting in a generic fashion until the adaptive immune arm can take over. This outmoded simplification of the roles of innate and acquired arms of the immune system has been challenged by evidence of myeloid cells altering their response to subsequent encounters based on earlier exposure. This concept of 'innate immune memory' has been known for nearly a century, and is accepted among myeloid biologists. In recent years other innate immune cells, such as natural killer cells, have been shown to display memory, suggesting that innate immune memory is a trait common to several cell types. During the last 30 years, evidence has slowly accumulated in favour of not only haematopoietic cells, but also stromal cells, being imbued with memory following inflammatory episodes. A recent publication showing this also to be true in epithelial cells suggests innate immune memory to be widespread, if under-appreciated, in non-haematopoietic cells. In this review, we will examine the evidence supporting the existence of innate immune memory in stromal cells. We will also discuss the ramifications of memory in long-lived tissue-resident cells. Finally, we will pose questions we feel to be important in the understanding of these forgotten cells in the field of innate memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Crowley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - C. D. Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - A. R. Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
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30
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Hyperoside Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:222-228. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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31
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Saji S, Asha S, Svenia PJ, Ratheesh M, Sheethal S, Sandya S, Krishnakumar IM. Curcumin-galactomannoside complex inhibits pathogenesis in Ox-LDL-challenged human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1273-1282. [PMID: 29633105 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a pro-atherogenic molecule, which induces inflammatory response and contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction to atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of a novel bioavailable formulation of curcumin as 'curcumagalactomannosides' (CGM) against ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Curcumagalactomannosides was made from natural curcumin using the soluble dietary fibre (galactomannans) derived from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenumgracum) and the hPBMCs were isolated from healthy human volunteers. The cells were cultured in collagen-coated plates at 37 °C and grouped as Group I (Control), Group II (ox-LDL treated) and Group III (ox-LDL + CGM treated). Further analysis of inflammatory markers, reactive oxygen species and mRNA expression levels indicated significantly increased expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in ox-LDL-treated group along with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Other inflammatory markers such as LOX, PGE2, total COX and lipid peroxidation level were also found to be significantly (p < 0.05) increased upon ox-LDL treatment. The treatment with CGM on the other hand was found to down-regulate and reverse the ox-LDL-induced alterations indicating its potential anti-inflammatory effect on hPBMCs via. NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Saji
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Asha
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - I M Krishnakumar
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
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32
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Chen X, Xiao Z, Xie X, Liu X, Jiang M, Yuan C, Yang L, Hu J. TNF‐α‐Induced NOD2 and RIP2 Contribute to the Up‐Regulation of Cytokines Induced by MDP in Monocytic THP‐1 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China
| | - Zhilin Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China
| | - Xiumei Xie
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research CenterChangsha Central HospitalChangshaHunan 410004China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research CenterChangsha Central HospitalChangshaHunan 410004China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Medical Research CenterChangsha Central HospitalChangshaHunan 410004China
| | - Li Yang
- Tuberculosis Research CenterChangsha Central HospitalChangshaHunan 410004China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research CenterChangsha Central HospitalChangshaHunan 410004China
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33
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Park KH, Kim J, Lee EH, Lee TH. Cynandione A inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cell adhesion via suppression of the protein expression of VCAM‑1 in human endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1756-1764. [PMID: 29328438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynandione A (CA) is one of the most active compounds in the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii, the extracts of which have been used extensively in East Asia to treat various diseases including anti‑ischemic stroke. In the present study, the anti‑adherent activity of CA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. CA markedly reduced the expression of vascular adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1) by LPS in HUVECs. The results also demonstrated that CA significantly reduced the expression of pro‑inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and tumor necrosis factor‑α, in LPS‑activated human endothelial cells. CA inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases, including the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 kinases. It was found that CA decreased the IKK/IκB‑α phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB kinase/inhibitor of NF‑κB‑α, suppressed translocation of the NF‑κB p65 subunit into the nucleus and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‑κB. CA also decreased human monocyte cell adhesion to endothelial cells in LPS‑stimulated conditions. These results demonstrated that CA inhibited the protein expression of VCAM‑1 and pro‑inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF‑κB. The results also suggested that CA may be important in the development of anti‑inflammatory drugs by inhibiting the expression of cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo H Lee
- Graduate School of East‑West Medical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
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Lu M, Zhang Q, Chen K, Xu W, Xiang X, Xia S. The regulatory effect of oxymatrine on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced MS1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:153-159. [PMID: 29157809 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxymatrine (OM), a major quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the roots of Sophora flavescens, has been proved to regulate a variety of signaling pathways to produce a wide range of pharmacological effects. OBJECTIVES The regulatory effects of OM on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in MS1 cells were explored to illuminate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of OM for pancreatitis treatment. METHODS The signaling molecules related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in MS1 cells were detected by Western blotting under different conditions, including OM pretreatment and LPS stimulation. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65 and IκBα were detected by real-time PCR. The NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in MS1 cells was measured by immunofluorescence, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-1β was detected by ELISA. RESULTS Increased levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65, induced by LPS stimulation, were significantly inhibited by OM pretreatment in MS1 cells. The decreased protein, but not mRNA, level of IκBα induced by LPS stimulation was increased by OM pretreatment. Meanwhile, LPS induced NF-κB p65 protein translocation to the nucleus as well as LPS increased expression of IL-1β were also inhibited by OM pretreatment. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects of OM on molecules related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in pancreatic microvascular endothelial cells can alleviate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China; Postgraduate Training Base in Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China; Postgraduate Training Base in Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Fotticchia T, Vecchione R, Scognamiglio PL, Guarnieri D, Calcagno V, Di Natale C, Attanasio C, De Gregorio M, Di Cicco C, Quagliariello V, Maurea N, Barbieri A, Arra C, Raiola L, Iaffaioli RV, Netti PA. Enhanced Drug Delivery into Cell Cytosol via Glycoprotein H-Derived Peptide Conjugated Nanoemulsions. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9802-9813. [PMID: 28820568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The key role of nanocarriers in improving the pharmacological properties of commonly used drugs is recognized worldwide. It is also known that in the development of new effective nanocarriers the use of targeting moieties integrated on their surface is essential. Herein, we propose a nanocarrier based on an oil in water nanoemulsion coated with a membranotropic peptide derived from the glycoprotein H of Herpes simplex virus 1, known as gH625, in order to reduce endolysosomal accumulation and to enhance cytosolic localization. In addition, we show an enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, a bioactive compound isolated from the Curcuma longa plant, when loaded into our engineered nanocarriers. This effect is a consequence of a higher uptake combined with a high curcumin preservation exerted by the active nanocapsules compared to control ones. When loaded into our nanocapsules, indeed, curcumin molecules are directly internalized into the cytosol rather than into lysosomes. Further, in order to extend the in vitro experimental setting with a more complex model and to explore the possibility to use our nanocarriers for further biological applications, we tested their performance in a 3D sprouting angiogenesis model. Finally, we show promising preliminary in vivo results by assessing the anti-inflammatory properties of the proposed nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fotticchia
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Raffaele Vecchione
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Daniela Guarnieri
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego, 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calcagno
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Chiara Attanasio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Maria De Gregorio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Cicco
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Raiola
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | | | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Napoli 80125, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80, Naples 80125, Italy
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Wang WJ, Cheng MH, Lin JH, Weng CS. Effect of a rosmarinic acid supplemented hemodialysis fluid on inflammation of human vascular endothelial cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2017; 50:e6145. [PMID: 29069222 PMCID: PMC5649864 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation and repetitive damage of vascular endothelia by incompatible dialysis system are probable causes of cardiovascular disease in patients on dialysis. The present study aimed to assess in vitro biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effect of hemodialysis fluid supplemented with rosmarinic acid (RA) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVECs (5×106 cells/mL) were pre-exposed to 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and incubated with RA-supplemented hemodialysis fluid (HDF). Cytotoxicity was assessed qualitatively by morphologic assessment and quantitatively by MTT assay. Expressions of proinflammatory mediators were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and production of NO was quantified. Phosphorylation of AKT and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were examined using western blotting. Exposure of HUVECs to RA-supplemented HDF had no influence on morphology and viability. Inhibition of proinflammatory mediator production in HUVECs by RA supplementation to HDF was significant in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to RA-supplemented HDF resulted in a decrease in nitric oxide synthase expression and reduction of NO production in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. RA supplementation of HDF suppressed Akt activation in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. In addition, the level of cellular IκB was increased in parallel to a reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-induced endothelial cells. Our results suggest that RA-supplemented HDF is biocompatible and significantly suppressed inflammation induced in endothelial cells. In this respect, the use of HDF supplemented with RA could alleviate inflammation and improve long-term treatment of patients with renal failure on dialysis. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - M-H. Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, TaoYuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J-H. Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-S. Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
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Shah M, Choi S. Toll-like Receptor-Dependent Negative Effects of Opioids: A Battle between Analgesia and Hyperalgesia. Front Immunol 2017; 8:642. [PMID: 28620391 PMCID: PMC5450035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of the pathological pain and the pharmacology of analgesic treatments has progressed tremendously over the past two decades. Among the well-documented pro-algesic factors, glia and other toll-like receptors (TLRs)-expressing cells in the neuroimmune interface have been recognized for their role in the development of neuropathic pain and for compromising the analgesic effects of opioids. Here, we comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms of pain initiation and progression, the role of TLRs in these processes, and the molecular mechanisms of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide in TLR-dependent central immune signaling. The data reviewed here suggest that, while targeting glia to treat neuropathic pain, both analgesic and analgesia-opposing effects of opioids must be considered by acknowledging their role in TLR-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaud Shah
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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TLR4 knockout attenuated high fat diet-induced cardiac dysfunction via NF-κB/JNK-dependent activation of autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2001-2011. [PMID: 28108421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with a low grade systemic inflammation, which may contribute to the onset and development of myocardial remodeling and contractile dysfunction. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in innate immunity and inflammation although its role in high fat diet-induced obesity cardiac dysfunction remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the effect of TLR4 ablation on high fat diet intake-induced cardiac anomalies, if any, and underlying mechanism(s) involved. Wild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout mice were fed normal or high fat (60% calorie from fat) diet for 12weeks prior to assessment of mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties. The inflammatory signaling proteins (TLR4, NF-κB, and JNK) and autophagic markers (Atg5, Atg12, LC3B and p62) were evaluated. Our results revealed that high fat diet intake promoted obesity, marked decrease in fractional shortening, and cardiomyocyte contractile capacity with dampened intracellular Ca2+ release and clearance, elevated ROS generation and oxidative stress as measured by aconitase activity, the effects of which were significantly attenuated by TLR4 knockout. In addition, high fat intake downregulated levels of Atg5, Atg12 and LC3B, while increasing p62 accumulation. TLR4 knockout itself did not affect Atg5, Atg12, LC3B and p62 levels while it reconciled high fat diet intake-induced changes in autophagy. In addition, TLR4 knockout alleviated high fat diet-induced phosphorylation of IKKβ, JNK and mTOR. In vitro study revealed that palmitic acid suppressed cardiomyocyte contractile function, the effect of which was inhibited the TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095, the JNK inhibitor AS601245 or the NF-κB inhibitor Celastrol. Taken together, these data showed that TLR4 knockout ameliorated high fat diet-induced cardiac contractile and intracellular Ca2+ anomalies through inhibition of inflammation and ROS, possibly through a NF-κB/JNK-dependent activation of autophagy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Prince PD, Fischerman L, Toblli JE, Fraga CG, Galleano M. LPS-induced renal inflammation is prevented by (-)-epicatechin in rats. Redox Biol 2016; 11:342-349. [PMID: 28039839 PMCID: PMC5200882 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the capacity of (−)-epicatechin to prevent the renal damage induced by LPS administration in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 4 days a diet without or with supplementation with (−)-epicatechin (80 mg/kg BW/d), and subsequently i.p. injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Six hours after injection, LPS-treated rats exhibited increased plasma creatinine and urea levels as indicators of impaired renal function. The renal cortex of the LPS-treated rats showed: i) increased expression of inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, iNOS and IL-6); ii) activation of several steps of NF-κB pathway; iii) overexpression of TLR4, and iv) higher superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation index in association with increased levels of gp91phox and p47phox (NOX2) and NOX4. Pretreatment with dietary (−)-epicatechin prevented the adverse effects of LPS challenge essentially by inhibiting TLR4 upregulation and NOX activation and the consequent downstream events, e.g. NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Denise Prince
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Fischerman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Galleano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Liu B, Sun R, Luo H, Liu X, Jiang M, Yuan C, Yang L, Hu J. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced cell death in monocytic THP-1 cells. Immunobiology 2016; 222:198-205. [PMID: 27720227 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that TLR3 induces apoptosis via both death receptors and mitochondial in human endothelial cells. We report here that the activation of TLR4 induced dose- and time-dependent cell death in moncytic THP-1 cells. LPS treatment of THP-1 cells induced the activation of both caspase 8 and 9, suggesting the involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. TNFα was induced by TLR4 activation at both mRNA and protein levels, but its neutralization did not down-regulated TLR4-induced cell death. TLR4 activation also induced the up-regulation of TRAIL and its receptors DR4 and DR5, and the neutralization of TRAIL ameliorated TLR4 induced apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of TRAIL and its receptors DR4 and DR5 in LPS-induced cell death. Meanwhile, LPS treatment down-regulated the expression of FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP), a suppressor of death receptor-induced cell death. In addition, TLR4 activation down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2, and up-regulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Noxa and Puma, suggesting that mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was also involved in LPS-induced cell death. Furthermore, we found that TAP63α might confer to the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The treatment of THP-1 cells with LPS induced the translocation of TAP63α from cytoplasm to nucleus. Taken together, our study suggested that both death receptors and mitochondial were involved in TLR4-induced cell death, and TAP63α may be a target for the prevention of LPS-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruili Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, XinXiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yang
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China.
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China.
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Cardiac troponin I exacerbates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inducing the adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells via a TLR4/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2279-2293. [PMID: 27682003 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a biomarker for myocardial damage and risk stratification, may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, which was ascribed to the effect of cTnI auto-antibodies. Whether or not cTnI itself has a direct impact on acute myocardial injury is unknown. To exclude the influence of cTnI antibody on the cardiac infarct size, we studied the effect of cTnI shortly after myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury when cTnI antibodies were not elevated. Pretreatment with cTnI augmented the myocardial infarct size caused by I/R, accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers in the blood and myocardium. Additional experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that the detrimental effect of cTnI was related to cTnI-induced increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and VCAM-1 mediated adhesion of human monocytes (THP-1) to HUVECs, which could be neutralized by VCAM-1 antibody. Both toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were involved in the signalling pathway, because blockade of either TLR4 or NF-κB inhibited the cTnI's effect on VCAM-1 expression and adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Moreover, TLR4 inhibition reduced cTnI-augmented cardiac injury in rats with I/R injury. We conclude that cTnI exacerbates myocardial I/R injury by inducing the adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells via activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of TLR4 may be an alternative strategy to reduce cTnI-induced myocardial I/R injury.
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Salvador B, Arranz A, Francisco S, Córdoba L, Punzón C, Llamas MÁ, Fresno M. Modulation of endothelial function by Toll like receptors. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:46-56. [PMID: 27073018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are able to actively control vascular permeability, coagulation, blood pressure and angiogenesis. Most recently, a role for endothelial cells in the immune response has been described. Therefore, the endothelium has a dual role controlling homeostasis but also being the first line for host defence and tissue damage repair thanks to its ability to mount an inflammatory response. Endothelial cells have been shown to express pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) including Toll-like receptors (TLR) that are activated in response to stimuli within the bloodstream including pathogens and damage signals. TLRs are strategic mediators of the immune response in endothelial cells but they also regulate the angiogenic process critical for tissue repair. Nevertheless, endothelial activation and angiogenesis can contribute to some pathologies. Thus, inappropriate endothelial activation, also known as endothelial dysfunction, through TLRs contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia and diabetes associated cardiovascular diseases. Also TLR induced angiogenesis is required for the growth of some tumors, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. In this review we discuss the importance of various TLRs in modulating the activation of endothelial cells and their importance in immunity to infection and vascular disease as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Francisco
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Córdoba
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Punzón
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Aragon M, Erdely A, Bishop L, Salmen R, Weaver J, Liu J, Hall P, Eye T, Kodali V, Zeidler-Erdely P, Stafflinger JE, Ottens AK, Campen MJ. MMP-9-Dependent Serum-Borne Bioactivity Caused by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Exposure Induces Vascular Dysfunction via the CD36 Scavenger Receptor. Toxicol Sci 2016; 150:488-98. [PMID: 26801584 PMCID: PMC4966280 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) causes systemic effects including vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and acute phase protein expression. MWCNTs translocate only minimally beyond the lungs, thus cardiovascular effects thereof may be caused by generation of secondary biomolecular factors from MWCNT-pulmonary interactions that spill over into the systemic circulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a generator of factors that, in turn, drive vascular effects through ligand-receptor interactions with the multiligand pattern recognition receptor, CD36. To test this, wildtype (WT; C57BL/6) and MMP-9(-/-)mice were exposed to varying doses (10 or 40 µg) of MWCNTs via oropharyngeal aspiration and serum was collected at 4 and 24 h postexposure. Endothelial cells treated with serum from MWCNT-exposed WT mice exhibited significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation, as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance, an effect that was independent of NO scavenging. Serum from MWCNT-exposed WT mice inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated relaxation of aortic rings at both time points. Absence of CD36 on the aortic rings (obtained from CD36-deficient mice) abolished the serum-induced impairment of vasorelaxation. MWCNT exposure induced MMP-9 protein levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage and whole lung lysates. Serum from MMP-9(-/-)mice exposed to MWCNT did not diminish the magnitude of vasorelaxation in naïve WT aortic rings, although a modest right shift of the ACh dose-response curve was observed in both MWCNT dose groups relative to controls. In conclusion, pulmonary exposure to MWCNT leads to elevated MMP-9 levels and MMP-9-dependent generation of circulating bioactive factors that promote endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO bioavailability via interaction with vascular CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aragon
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Aaron Erdely
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26508
| | - Lindsey Bishop
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26508
| | - Rebecca Salmen
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26508
| | - John Weaver
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Jim Liu
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Pamela Hall
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Tracy Eye
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26508
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26508
| | - Patti Zeidler-Erdely
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26508
| | - Jillian E Stafflinger
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Andrew K Ottens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Matthew J Campen
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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Seong KJ, Lee HG, Kook MS, Ko HM, Jung JY, Kim WJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate rescues LPS-impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis through suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 20:41-51. [PMID: 26807022 PMCID: PMC4722190 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal dentate granule neurons are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mammalian brain, and the fate specification of adult NSCs is precisely controlled by the local niches and environment, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ), dentate gyrus (DG), and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenolic flavonoid in green tea that has neuroprotective activities, but there is no clear understanding of the role of EGCG in adult neurogenesis in the DG after neuroinflammation. Here, we investigate the effect and the mechanism of EGCG on adult neurogenesis impaired by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS-induced neuroinflammation inhibited adult neurogenesis by suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the DG, which was indicated by the decreased number of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-, Doublecortin (DCX)- and Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN)-positive cells. In addition, microglia were recruited with activatingTLR4-NF-κB signaling in the adult hippocampus by LPS injection. Treating LPS-injured mice with EGCG restored the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the DG, which were decreased by LPS, and EGCG treatment also ameliorated the apoptosis of NSCs. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS was attenuated by EGCG treatment through modulating the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. These results illustrate that EGCG has a beneficial effect on impaired adult neurogenesis caused by LPSinduced neuroinflammation, and it may be applicable as a therapeutic agent against neurodegenerative disorders caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Joo Seong
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Min Suk Kook
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Department of Microbiology, Collage of Medicine, Seonam Universtity, Namwon 55724, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Won-Jae Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Endothelial cell tolerance to lipopolysaccharide challenge is induced by monophosphoryl lipid A. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:451-61. [PMID: 26669797 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a reduced or "tolerant" inflammatory response to subsequent challenges with LPS, however the potent pro-inflammatory effects of LPS limit its clinical benefit. The adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a weak toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist that induces negligible inflammation but retains potent immunomodulatory properties. We postulated that pre-treatment with MPLA would inhibit the inflammatory response of endothelial cells to secondary LPS challenge. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were exposed to MPLA (10 μg/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml) or vehicle control. HUVECs were then washed and maintained in culture for 24 h before being challenged with LPS (100 ng/ml). Supernatants were collected and examined for cytokine production in the presence or absence of siRNA inhibitors of critical TLR4 signalling proteins. Pre-treatment with MPLA attenuated interleukin (IL)-6 production to secondary LPS challenge to a similar degree as LPS. The application of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) siRNA dramatically reduced MPLA-induced tolerance while TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) siRNA had no effect. The tolerant phenotype in endothelial cells was associated with reduced IκB kinase (IKK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and enhanced IL-1 receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) expression for LPS-primed HUVECs, but less so in MPLA primed cells. Instead, MPLA-primed HUVECs demonstrated enhanced p-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In contrast with leucocytes in which tolerance is largely TRIF-dependent, MyD88 signalling mediated endotoxin tolerance in endothelial cells. Most importantly, MPLA, a vaccine adjuvant with a wide therapeutic window, induced tolerance to LPS in endothelial cells.
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Borges LE, Bloise E, Dela Cruz C, Galleri L, Apa R, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Urocortin 1 expression and secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells: In vitro effects of interleukin 8, interferon γ, lipopolysaccharide, endothelin 1, prostaglandin F-2α, estradiol, progesterone and dexamethasone. Peptides 2015; 74:64-9. [PMID: 26549126 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin 1 (Ucn1) is a 40-amino-acid peptide that has vasodilatory activity and displays immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. Maternal and cord plasma Ucn1 levels are increased in preeclampsia and preterm labor, but the mechanisms of such increase are poorly known. Thus, we investigated Ucn1 localization in human umbilical cord and assessed some potential stimuli to Ucn1 release by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Human umbilical cords were obtained at uncomplicated term pregnancy (n=11). Ucn1 localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified. HUVEC were grown in vitro to confluence, then incubated with serial concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, interferon (INF)-γ, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), endothelin (ET)-1, prostaglandin (PG)F-2α, estradiol, progesterone and dexamethasone and Ucn1 concentrations were measured in the supernatants. Ucn1 was immunolocalized with similar intensity in umbilical cord arteries, vein and Wharton's jelly. Ucn1 mRNA was detected in all HUVEC cultures and Ucn1 peptide was detectable in culture medium from untreated cells at different time points. Incubation with IFN-γ increased Ucn1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Treatments with IL-8, LPS, ET-1 and dexamethasone were able to increase three to fourfold Ucn1 release from cultured endothelial cells. In conclusion, umbilical vessels express Ucn1 and may be a contributive source of Ucn1 release into fetal-placental circulation. IL-8, IFN-γ, LPS, ET-1 and dexamethasone promote Ucn1 secretion from cultured HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavínia E Borges
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Letizia Galleri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Apa
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Role of Calprotectin as a Modulator of the IL27-Mediated Proinflammatory Effect on Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:737310. [PMID: 26663990 PMCID: PMC4664814 DOI: 10.1155/2015/737310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An underlying endothelial dysfunction plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events and is the central feature of atherosclerosis. The protein-based communication between leukocytes and inflamed endothelial cells leading to diapedesis has been largely investigated and several key players such as IL6, TNFα, or the damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) calprotectin are now well identified. However, regarding cytokine IL27, the controversial current knowledge about its inflammatory role and the involved regulatory elements requires clarification. Therefore, we examined the inflammatory impact of IL27 on primary endothelial cells and the potentially modulatory effect of calprotectin on both transcriptome and proteome levels. A qPCR-based screening demonstrated high IL27-mediated gene expression of IL7, IL15, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Calprotectin time-dependent downregulatory effects were observed on IL27-induced IL15 and CXCL10 gene expression. A mass spectrometry-based approach of IL27 ± calprotectin cell stimulation enlightened a calprotectin modulatory role in the expression of 28 proteins, mostly involved in the mechanism of leukocyte transmigration. Furthermore, we showed evidence for STAT1 involvement in this process. Our findings provide new evidence about the IL27-dependent proinflammatory signaling which may be under the control of calprotectin and highlight the need for further investigations on molecules which might have antiatherosclerotic functions.
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Mazzucchelli I, Lisini D, Garofoli F, Dragoni S, Angelini M, Pozzi M, Bonetti E, Tzialla C, Kramer BW, Spinillo A, Maccario R, Rosti V, Moccia F, Borghesi A, Stronati M. Expression and function of toll-like receptors in human circulating endothelial colony forming cells. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Masat E, Gasparini C, Agostinis C, Bossi F, Radillo O, De Seta F, Tamassia N, Cassatella MA, Bulla R. RelB activation in anti-inflammatory decidual endothelial cells: a master plan to avoid pregnancy failure? Sci Rep 2015; 5:14847. [PMID: 26463648 PMCID: PMC4604455 DOI: 10.1038/srep14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that excessive inflammation at fetal-maternal interface is a key contributor in a compromised pregnancy. Female genital tract is constantly in contact with microorganisms and several strategies must be adopted to avoid pregnancy failure. Decidual endothelial cells (DECs) lining decidual microvascular vessels are the first cells that interact with pro-inflammatory stimuli released into the environment by microorganisms derived from gestational tissues or systemic circulation. Here, we show that DECs are hypo-responsive to LPS stimulation in terms of IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production. Our results demonstrate that DECs express low levels of TLR4 and are characterized by a strong constitutive activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and a low responsiveness of the canonical pathway to LPS. In conclusion, DECs show a unique hypo-responsive phenotype to the pro-inflammatory stimulus LPS in order to control the inflammatory response at feto-maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Masat
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fleur Bossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oriano Radillo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Khakpour S, Wilhelmsen K, Hellman J. Vascular endothelial cell Toll-like receptor pathways in sepsis. Innate Immun 2015; 21:827-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915606525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium forms a vast network that dynamically regulates vascular barrier function, coagulation pathways and vasomotor tone. Microvascular endothelial cells are uniquely situated to play key roles during infection and injury, owing to their widespread distribution throughout the body and their constant interaction with circulating blood. While not viewed as classical immune cells, endothelial cells express innate immune receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which activate intracellular inflammatory pathways mediated through NF-κB and the MAP kinases. TLR agonists, including LPS and bacterial lipopeptides, directly upregulate microvascular endothelial cell expression of inflammatory mediators. Intriguingly, TLR activation also modulates microvascular endothelial cell permeability and the expression of coagulation pathway intermediaries. Microvascular thrombi have been hypothesized to trap microorganisms thereby limiting the spread of infection. However, dysregulated activation of endothelial inflammatory pathways is also believed to lead to coagulopathy and increased vascular permeability, which together promote sepsis-induced organ failure. This article reviews vascular endothelial cell innate immune pathways mediated through the TLRs as they pertain to sepsis, highlighting links between TLRs and coagulation and permeability pathways, and their role in healthy and pathologic responses to infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khakpour
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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