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Zhang N, Smith IC, Ginsburg G. Do Self-Processes and Parenting Mediate the Effects of Anxious Parents' Psychopathology on Youth Depression and Suicidality? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01657-z. [PMID: 38206536 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
To understand how anxious parents' global psychopathology increases children's risks for depression and suicidality, we tested mediational pathways through which parent global psychopathology was associated with youth depression and suicidality over a six-year period. Parents (n = 136) who had an anxiety disorder at baseline reported global psychopathology and youth internalizing problems. Youth did not have any psychiatric disorder at baseline and they reported self-esteem, perceived control, and perceived parental warmth and rejection at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At 6-year follow-up, youth depression and suicidality were assessed via multiple reporters including the self, parent, and/or an independent evaluator. Results showed that parental psychopathology had an indirect but not direct effect on youth depression and suicidality via perceived control. No associations were found for the other hypothesized mediators. Perceived control might be a transdiagnostic intervention target in depression and suicide prevention programs for youth exposed to parental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1 University Place, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA.
| | - Isaac C Smith
- Hartford Hospital, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Golda Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Fonseca A, Qian D, Forbes T, Li BSK, Lee C, Burdsall K, Rodriguez S, Jackson C, Wang EY, Caruso TJ. Reducing Preoperative Caregiver Anxiety With Virtual Reality: A Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Study. J Patient Exp 2024; 11:23743735231220190. [PMID: 38188533 PMCID: PMC10771051 DOI: 10.1177/23743735231220190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric patients and their caregivers often experience perioperative anxiety. Interventions reduce caregiver anxiety improve cooperation and contribute to an improved patient experience. This study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR)-assisted mindfulness on perioperative caregiver anxiety. Participants were randomized into a standard of care (SOC) group, which included snacks but no technology-based distractions, or a VR group, which included snacks and a VR-guided meditation. Caregiver anxiety was measured before and after the intervention using the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Secondary aims explored participants' baseline anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). VR group participants completed a satisfaction survey. Linear regression models of VAS-A and STAI were used to compare group differences. Satisfaction survey results were reported with descriptive statistics. 26 participants were included, with 12 randomized to the SOC group and 14 to the VR group. VAS-A scores in the VR group were lower than those in the SOC group (p = .002). The STAI found no change in participants' state of anxiety in the SOC group (p = .7108), compared to a significant reduction (p = .014) in the VR group when controlling for anxiety traits. 12 of 14 caregivers in the VR group expressed satisfaction or strong satisfaction. This study supports the implementation of VR mindfulness as a method to reduce caregiver anxiety. VR use in the pediatric healthcare setting is safe and inexpensive, and the intervention had a high degree of participant satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtziri Fonseca
- Chariot Program, Stanford Children's Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Qian
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ty Forbes
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian S-K Li
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Comparative Literature, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kylie Burdsall
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christian Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Y Wang
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Caruso
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Zhu J, McVarnock A, Polakova L, Xiang S, Li Y, Coplan RJ. Shyness and Socio-Emotional Adjustment among Young Chinese Children: The Moderating Role of Screen Time. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:763. [PMID: 37754040 PMCID: PMC10525577 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to examine the potential moderating role of screen time in the links between shyness and indices of socio-emotional adjustment in young Chinese children. Participants were N = 211 children (112 boys, 99 girls) ages 43-66 months (M = 58.84 months, SD = 5.32) recruited from two public kindergartens in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Mothers completed assessments of children's shyness and screen time, and both mothers and teachers completed measures of indices of children's socio-emotional functioning (prosocial, internalizing problems, learning problems). Among the results, shyness was positively associated with internalizing problems and negatively associated with prosocial behavior, whereas screen time was positively associated with internalizing problems. However, several significant shyness × screen time interaction effects were observed. The pattern of these results consistently revealed that at higher levels of screen time, links between shyness and indices of socio-emotional difficulties were exacerbated. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of shyness and screen time in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (J.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Alicia McVarnock
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Polakova
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Shuhui Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (J.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (J.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Robert J. Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (A.M.); (L.P.)
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Lambotte I, Dussart H, Reis J, Frippiat J, Van Pevenage C, Duret I, Delvenne V, Rotsaert M, Marchini S, Deplus S, Tiete J. Emotional status of children aged 7 to 17 of health workers and in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional comparative study in Belgium. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANCE ET DE L'ADOLESCENCE 2023; 71:194-200. [PMID: 37292448 PMCID: PMC10121103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background We assessed the mental health of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 and their parents immediately after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A survey online was conducted in Belgium between May 29th and August 31st 2020. Results (1) Anxious and depressive symptoms were self-reported by one out of four children and hetero-reported by parents for one out of five children; (2) Anxiety scores were higher in children compared to adolescents; (3) Social introversion scores were significantly higher in adolescents compared to children; (4) No significant differences for anxio-depressive symptoms were found between healthcare worker parents and the other parents. Children's self- or hetero-reported symptoms were not found to be connected to parents' professional activities. Conclusions This cross-sectional survey adds evidence to the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on children's and adolescents' emotional state, in particular on their levels of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lambotte
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Harmony Dussart
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Joana Reis
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jessica Frippiat
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claire Van Pevenage
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Duret
- Service de psychologie du développement et de la famille, faculté des sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation, ULB (Université Libre de Bruxelles), 50 C.P. 122, avenue Franklin-Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delvenne
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rotsaert
- Hôpital Erasme, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simone Marchini
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Deplus
- Huderf - Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J.-J.-Crocq, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Julien Tiete
- Hôpital Erasme, H.U.B - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Gusler S, Moreland A. Cumulative Risk for Children's Behavior Problems and Child Abuse Potential among Mothers Receiving Substance Use Treatment: The Unique Role of Parenting Stress. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 38:95-109. [PMID: 35788173 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2096738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of children whose parents suffer with a substance use disorder (SUD), which is associated with negative outcomes for children such as behavior problems and parents' child abuse potential. To understand negative consequences for children, it is important to consider a cumulative risk model, examining the impact of multiple co-occurring risks, as well as examine unique singular risk factors, such as parenting stress, which may have a direct effect on outcomes as well as mediate an association between cumulative risk and outcomes. Data came from 99 mothers with SUD, engaged in a substance treatment program. Results found support for a cumulative risk model for child behavior problems and parents' child abuse potential, without the inclusion of parenting stress. However, parenting stress partially and fully mediated the relation between cumulative risk and child behavior problems and cumulative risk and parent child abuse potential, respectively. Results suggest the importance of intervention programs targeting parenting stress, to help reduce child behavior problems and parents' child abuse potential, among parents with high levels of risk and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gusler
- Center on Trauma and Children, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Angela Moreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Gruhn M, Miller AB, Machlin L, Motton S, Thinzar CE, Sheridan MA. Child Anxiety and Depression Symptom Trajectories and Predictors over 15 Months of the Coronavirus Pandemic. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:233-246. [PMID: 36048373 PMCID: PMC9435416 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Repeated measures are required to monitor and map trajectories of mental health symptoms that are sensitive to the changing distal and proximal stressors throughout the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding symptoms in young children is particularly important given the short- and long-term implications of early-onset internalizing symptoms. This study utilized an intensive longitudinal approach to assess the course and environmental correlates of anxiety and depression symptoms in 133 children, ages 4-11 (Mage = 7.35, SD = 1.03), in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregivers completed 48 repeated assessments from April 7, 2020, to June 15, 2021, on child and caregiver mental health symptoms, family functioning, and COVID-19-related environmental changes. Results from a series of multilevel growth models demonstrate that child depression symptoms were highest following initial stay-at-home orders (April 2020) and linearly decreased over time, while child anxiety symptoms were variable over the 15-month period. Caregiver depression symptoms and family conflict significantly predicted levels of child depression symptoms. In contrast, caregiver depression symptoms, caregiver anxiety symptoms, and time spent home quarantining significantly predicted levels of child anxiety symptoms. Results suggest that depression and anxiety symptoms in young children may have unique trajectories over the course of the coronavirus pandemic and highlight symptom-specific risk factors for each symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gruhn
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura Machlin
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Summer Motton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Ei Thinzar
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Maternal Cancer and Perception of Child Psychological Adjustment: The Role of Mother's Anxiety, Depression, and Parenting Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030910. [PMID: 36765868 PMCID: PMC9913337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A mother's cancer diagnosis may have consequences for all family members, particularly for children, since it makes a parent less physically and emotionally available, with effects on the relationship with the child and his/her development. The main aim of this study was to analyze children's psychological adjustment in the context of maternal cancer by considering factors related to the child (i.e., age and sex), the mother (psychological adjustment), and cancer (i.e., time elapsed from the diagnosis and current oncological treatment). Self-report questionnaires investigating mothers' parenting stress, depression, anxiety, and children's emotional and behavioral problems were administered to 124 mothers (mean age = 44.52 years; SD = 7.22) diagnosed with cancer. A hierarchical regression analysis highlighted that time since diagnosis and mothers' anxiety and parenting stress accounted for almost 44% of the variance of the children's difficulties. Maternal depression, current oncological treatment, and the child's age and sex were not statistically significant. Higher mothers' parenting stress and anxiety and a longer time elapsed since the first diagnosis predicted higher levels of children's emotional and behavioral problems. These findings highlight the need to identify precursors of childhood distress in the context of maternal cancer and to develop structured programs to support both mothers and children.
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Mack JT, Wolff N, Kohls G, Becker A, Stroth S, Poustka L, Kamp-Becker I, Roessner V. Social and Nonsocial Autism Symptom Domains in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Insights into Their Symptomatological Interplay. Psychopathology 2023; 56:8-16. [PMID: 34923498 DOI: 10.1159/000520957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share overlapping symptomatology, particularly with regard to social impairments (including peer relationship difficulties), and they frequently co-occur. However, the nature of their co-occurrence remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the nature of the transdiagnostic link between ASD and ADHD from a symptomatological point of view measured with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS Module 3) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). METHODS We analyzed the social and nonsocial ASD symptom domain scores from both diagnostic instruments in 4 clinically referred groups (i.e., ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD, and no psychiatric diagnosis) without other co-occurring mental disorders using a two-by-two full-factorial MANOVA design with the factors ASD (yes/no) and ADHD (yes/no). RESULTS We found no ASD by ADHD interaction effects across all symptom domain scores of ADOS and ADI-R, except for ADOS imagination/creativity. There were only main effects of the factor ASD but no main effects of ADHD. Follow-up contrasts showed that exclusively, ASD had an impact on the measured symptomatology in case of co-occurring ASD + ADHD. CONCLUSION Overall, the results support an additive model of the symptomatology across areas of communication, social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests in case of the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD when assessed with ADOS/ADI-R. Thus, one can assume that the phenotypic overlap of ASD + ADHD may be less complicated than suspected - at least with regard to ASD symptomatology - and that in the presence of ADHD, ASD symptomatology is generally well measurable with best-practice diagnostic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith T Mack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sanna Stroth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Clinic, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Clinic, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Coelho SG, Segovia A, Anthony SJ, Lin J, Pol S, Crosbie J, Science M, Matava CT, Parekh RS, Caldeira-Kulbakas M, Carroll S, Greenwood JL, Panzera G, Imgrund R, Osokin K, Korczak DJ. Le retour en classe et le port du masque pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 : le point de vue des élèves d’après une étude de simulation scolaire. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27:S95-S102. [PMID: 36092299 PMCID: PMC9455641 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectifs La présente étude s’est penchée sur le point de vue des enfants relativement au retour en classe après le confinement imposé par la pandémie, sur le port du masque en classe et sur la santé mentale des enfants et des parents pendant la pandémie. Méthodologie La présente étude transversale a fait partie d’un exercice de simulation scolaire de deux jours au cours duquel les élèves ont été répartis au hasard entre diverses recommandations sur le port du masque. Au moyen d’analyses régression multiple, les chercheurs ont analysé le compte rendu des parents sur la santé mentale et, après la simulation, celui des élèves sur l’anxiété liée à la COVID-19 et le port du masque. Les élèves plus âgés ont participé à des groupes de travail semi-structurés pour compléter les données du questionnaire. Résultats Sur les 190 élèves de la présente étude, 31 % ne dépassaient pas la quatrième année et 95 % avaient hâte de rentrer en classe. La plus grande anxiété des parents ou des proches (β= 0,67; p <0,001) et leur niveau de scolarité plus bas (β=1,86; p <0,002) étaient prédicteurs d’une plus grande anxiété des enfants à l’égard de la COVID-19. Les élèves plus âgés étaient plus susceptibles de trouver le port du masque nuisible aux interactions avec leurs camarades que les plus jeunes (χ2[1]=31,16; p <0,001) et pour leur capacité à comprendre l’enseignant (χ2[1]=13,97; p <0,001). Les élèves du groupe sans masque étaient plus susceptibles de craindre de contracter la COVID-19 à l’école (χ2[1]=10,07; p <0,05) que ceux du groupe qui le portaient, et d’anticiper éprouver de la difficulté à le porter (χ2[1]=18,95; p <0,001). Conclusions Chez les enfants anxieux à cause de la COVID-19, l’anxiété des parents et l’information sur la COVID-19 pourraient être des cibles d’intervention. De futures recherches devraient porter sur les effets de la mise en œuvre prolongée de mesures sanitaires d’atténuation des risques sur la réussite scolaire et la santé mentale des enfants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie G Coelho
- Département de psychiatrie, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Alicia Segovia
- Département de psychiatrie, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Samantha J Anthony
- Sciences évaluatives de la santé de l’enfant, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Faculté de travail social Factor-Inwentash, Université de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Département de travail social, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Jia Lin
- Sciences évaluatives de la santé de l’enfant, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Sarah Pol
- Sciences évaluatives de la santé de l’enfant, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Département de psychiatrie, faculté de médecine, Université de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Neurosciences et santé mentale, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Michelle Science
- Département de pédiatrie, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Clyde T Matava
- Département d’anesthésie et de médecine de la douleur, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Département d’anesthésiologie et de médecine de la douleur, faculté de médecine, Université de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Département de pédiatrie, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Monica Caldeira-Kulbakas
- Département d’anesthésie et de médecine de la douleur, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Stacie Carroll
- Programme d’éducation et de partenariats communautaires, conseil scolaire du district de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Soins centrés sur l’enfant et sur la famille, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Jodi L Greenwood
- Programme d’éducation et de partenariats communautaires, conseil scolaire du district de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Soins centrés sur l’enfant et sur la famille, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Giovanna Panzera
- Programme d’éducation et de partenariats communautaires, conseil scolaire du district de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Soins centrés sur l’enfant et sur la famille, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | - Ryan Imgrund
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket (Ontario)Canada
- Conseil scolaire du district catholique de York, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
| | | | - Daphne J Korczak
- Département de psychiatrie, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, faculté de médecine, Université de Toronto, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
- Neurosciences et santé mentale, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (Ontario)Canada
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Akçay E, Çöp E, Dinç GS, Göker Z, Parlakay AÖ, Demirel BD, Mutlu M, Kırmızı B. Loneliness, internalizing symptoms, and inflammatory markers in adolescent COVID-19 survivors. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:1112-1121. [PMID: 35946414 PMCID: PMC9537962 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns about the psychiatric sequelae after COVID-19 infection have increased as the pandemic spreads worldwide. The increase in self-isolation during this pandemic period has also revealed the importance of feelings of loneliness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between baseline inflammation levels, internalizing symptoms, and feelings of loneliness in adolescent COVID-19 survivors in the long term. METHODS A total of 74 adolescents (41 girls, 55.4%, mean age 14.88) and their parents were included in the study. This cross-sectional study assessed internalizing symptoms via Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and feelings of loneliness using the UCLA-loneliness scale. Baseline inflammatory markers at COVID-19 diagnosis were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors for depression in adolescents. RESULTS The most common disorder was Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (25.7%), and 33.8% of the adolescents were in the clinical range in at least one internalizing domain. Baseline C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels correlated weakly with MDD scores. Loneliness scores correlated with all internalizing symptoms, strong association with MDD scores. Loneliness, anxiety, and parental anxiety were associated with an increased likelihood of MDD. Baseline CRP positivity did not predict MDD in adolescent COVID-19 survivors. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that anxiety, loneliness, and parental anxiety play an important role in adolescents' experience of depressive symptoms after COVID-19 infection. Thus, screening parental psychopathology and loneliness in COVID-19 survivors seems to be preventive for adolescent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Akçay
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Esra Çöp
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Gülser Senses Dinç
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Zeynep Göker
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Betül Damla Demirel
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Müge Mutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Begüm Kırmızı
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
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11
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Coelho SG, Segovia A, Anthony SJ, Lin J, Pol S, Crosbie J, Science M, Matava CT, Parekh RS, Caldeira-Kulbakas M, Carroll S, Greenwood JL, Panzera G, Imgrund R, Osokin K, Korczak DJ. Return to school and mask-wearing in class during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student perspectives from a school simulation study. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27:S15-S21. [PMID: 35620563 PMCID: PMC9126272 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined children’s perspectives about returning to in-person school following lockdown due to the pandemic and about mask-wearing in class, as well as the mental health of children and parents during the pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was part of a 2-day school simulation exercise that randomized students to different masking recommendations. Parent-report of mental health and post-simulation child-report of COVID-19-related anxiety and mask-wearing were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression analyses. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with older students to supplement questionnaire data. Results Of 190 students in this study, 31% were in grade 4 or lower 95% looked forward to returning to in-person school. Greater child anxiety about COVID-19 was predicted by increased parent/caregiver anxiety (β=0.67; P<0.001), and lower parental educational attainment (β=1.86; P<0.002). Older students were more likely than younger students to report that mask-wearing interfered with their abilities to interact with peers (χ2(1)=31.16; P<0.001) and understand the teacher (χ2(1)=13.97; P<0.001). Students in the group that did not require masks were more likely than students in the masking group to report worries about contracting COVID-19 at school (χ2(1)=10.07; P<0.05), and anticipated difficulty wearing a mask (χ2(1)=18.95; P<0.001). Conclusions For children anxious about COVID-19, parental anxiety and education about COVID-19 may be targets for intervention. Future research should examine the impact of prolonged implementation of public health mitigation strategies in school on academic achievement and children’s mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie G Coelho
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia Segovia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha J Anthony
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Social Work, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia Lin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Pol
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Science
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clyde T Matava
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Caldeira-Kulbakas
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacie Carroll
- Education and Community Partnership Program, Toronto District School Board, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child and Family Centered Care, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi L Greenwood
- Education and Community Partnership Program, Toronto District School Board, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child and Family Centered Care, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanna Panzera
- Education and Community Partnership Program, Toronto District School Board, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child and Family Centered Care, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Imgrund
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada.,York Catholic District School Board, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Buechel C, Nehring I, Seifert C, Eber S, Behrends U, Mall V, Friedmann A. A cross-sectional investigation of psychosocial stress factors in German families with children aged 0-3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic: initial results of the CoronabaBY study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:37. [PMID: 35581664 PMCID: PMC9113073 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing particularly in parents. Although being specifically vulnerable to negative environmental exposures, research on psychosocial stress factors in infants' and toddlers' families during the pandemic is so far sparse. The CoronabaBY study investigates the perceived pandemic burden, parenting stress and parent and child mental health problems in families with children aged 0-3 years in Bavaria, Southern Germany. Further, the relationships between these psychosocial stressors are examined and sociodemographic characteristics that may be predictive of these factors will be explored. METHODS Participants were cross-sectionally surveyed via smartphone app. Standardized questionnaires on perceived pandemic burden, parenting stress, parental symptoms of depression and anxiety, infants' crying, sleeping and feeding problems or toddlers' emotional and behavioral problems were applied. RESULTS N = 991 parents (Mage = 33.7 years, SD = 4.5; 93.7% mothers, 91.5% born in Germany) with infants (n = 554; Mage = 5.9 months, SD = 3.0) or toddlers (n = 435; Mage = 25.9 months, SD = 6.5) participated in the first half-year of 2021. Sixty-five percent of the parents perceived a high pandemic burden, 37.7% experienced parenting stress and 24.1% showed affective symptoms (anxiety: 30.1%, depression: 18.5%). Feeding problems, crying/ sleeping problems and multiple regulatory problems were found in 34.8%, 26.2% and 13.5% of the infants, respectively. Amongst toddlers, 8.5% showed noticeable behavior and emotional problems. Children`s mental health problems correlated moderately with parenting stress and parental affective symptoms and weakly with perceived pandemic burden. A lower financial status, higher parental education and increasing child age were significant but weak predictors for higher parenting stress, affective symptoms and higher psychological problems in children. CONCLUSIONS A majority of the surveyed families with infants and toddlers experience the pandemic as stressful. The main challenges are parental affective symptoms and limited resources for childcare due to parenting stress. Overall, infants and toddlers show similar levels of mental health problems when being compared to pre-pandemic studies, but staggered detrimental effects on children`s mental health might occur if the stressful conditions persist. This is already indicated by correlations between parental and child psychosocial stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Buechel
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Chair of Social Pediatrics, Munich, Germany.
- , Heiglhofstraße 65, 81377, München, Germany.
| | - Ina Nehring
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Chair of Social Pediatrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Seifert
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Chair of Social Pediatrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eber
- Professional Association of Pediatricians in Bavaria and PaedNetz Bayern, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Behrends
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, StKM GmbH and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Mall
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Chair of Social Pediatrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Friedmann
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Chair of Social Pediatrics, Munich, Germany
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13
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Assessing Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Parents of Children Returning to K-12 Schools: A U.S. Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050775. [PMID: 35627912 PMCID: PMC9141861 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: While impacts of the pandemic on family well-being have been documented in the literature, little is known about the psychological challenges faced by children and their parents as schools reopen after mandated closures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if sending children back to in-person school impacts the mental health of parents and the perceived mental health of their children. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a nationally representative, non-probability sample of parents or guardians (n = 2100) of children attending grades K-12 in the United States (U.S.) through a 58-item web-based survey. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean scores of parental Coronavirus anxiety and Coronavirus obsession were significantly different between race/ethnic groups of parents. Parents with children going to private schools had significantly higher mean scores for Coronavirus anxiety and obsession compared to parents whose children are attending public schools. Nearly 55% of parental Coronavirus anxiety was explained by the generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, child’s vulnerability to infection, and school type of the child. Similarly, 52% of parental Coronavirus obsession was explained by the generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, child’s vulnerability to infection, and social phobia of the children. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on psychological well-being of parents and their school-going children. Findings of this study will inform policy makers in developing targeted interventions to address unique needs of families with school-going children.
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14
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Büber A, Aktaş Terzioğlu M. Caregiver's reports of their children's psychological symptoms after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and caregiver's perceived stress in Turkey. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:215-224. [PMID: 34289778 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1949492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited information about Turkish children's mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, in a Turkish community sample, we investigate the psychological symptoms in primary school children after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak according to caregivers and the caregivers' perceived stress levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was randomly selected from the primary schools in Denizli, Turkey. Denizli is a large city and the total population is around one-million. The study was conducted online. The caregivers responded to a sociodemographic and daily life during pandemic questionnaire and psychological symptoms screening form (which evaluated whether the children had any newly developed symptoms after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). One-thousand-seven-hundred-ninety-seven people were included in the study. Data was collected between 3 July and 31 August 2020. RESULTS Symptoms such as anhedonia, gets angry easily, fidgets around, sleeping problems, impulsivity, appetite problems, restlessness or nervousness, and feels sad can be seen more frequently than other symptoms in children. Caregivers' PSS scores were higher in mothers than fathers. An association was found between the PSS scores of the caregivers and all psychological symptoms questioned in the study for children, except for encopresis. Lower education level of the father, lower family income, having a child with a psychiatric disease, impaired sibling relationship, and impaired functionality at home were risk factors for higher caregivers' PSS scores. CONCLUSION It may be beneficial to take supportive measures in terms of protecting children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Büber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Merve Aktaş Terzioğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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15
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Kaugars AS, Holly LE, Tait M, Oswald D. Exploring American Parents' Lived Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ramifications for Well-Being. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:135-147. [PMID: 34875088 PMCID: PMC8689727 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to document the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and families in the United States. METHODS Parents' experiences during the pandemic were examined using an online survey (N = 564) collected during May and June 2020. RESULTS Parents reported experiencing a high frequency of COVID-19-related events (e.g., job loss and health concerns) and impact on their lives. Parents' experiences with COVID-19, as well as self-reported perceived increase in home labor, experiences with assisting children with remote schooling, and work-life conflict were all significantly associated with higher levels of parental role overload. COVID-19-related events and impact, as well as parental role overload, significantly predicted parents' anxiety and depression, even after controlling for demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the importance of providing support for parents and families through direct services and public policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Tait
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Zhang L, Cao H, Lin C, Ye P. Family socio-economic status and Chinese Preschoolers' anxious symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of parental investment, parenting style, home quarantine length, and regional pandemic risk. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2022; 60:137-149. [PMID: 35125643 PMCID: PMC8802162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Using data from 16,161 families with target child of 3-6 years old in Hubei, China during COVID-19 pandemic, this study examined the association between family socio-economic status (SES) and preschoolers' anxious symptoms (PAS). Parental investment and parenting style were tested as mediators for this association. Home quarantine length was tested as a moderator for this direct association and for the associations between family SES and parenting processes, whereas regional pandemic risk was tested as a moderator for the entire model. Results support the utility of Family Stress and Family Investment Models in a Chinese context by identifying unique roles of parental investment and parenting style in mediating the link between family SES and PAS. Quarantine length moderated the link between family SES and authoritarian parenting: Strength of this negative association was stronger for families with longer quarantine than for those with shorter quarantine. Further, family SES was negatively associated with PAS through its negative association with authoritarian parenting, regardless of the quarantine length. Model comparison analyses between high-risk region versus low/medium-risk region groups indicated that the pandemic risk for living regions did not alter any pathway in the model. Such findings inform the designs of targeted interventions to help families cope with pandemic-related challenges. Promoting parental investment and adaptive patenting style represents an avenue to diminish consequences of family economic hardship for young children's mental health, regardless of macrolevel pandemic risk. Interventions should attend to home quarantine duration, as it contextualizes the links among family SES, parenting, and child well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 602 Xing Zheng Xi Building, No. 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hongjian Cao
- Institute of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Chaopai Lin
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Pingzhi Ye
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 602 Xing Zheng Xi Building, No. 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006 China
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17
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Ku B, Ghim S. Physical Activity Prevalence in Caregivers of Children With Different Ages and Its Association With Their Psychological and Physical Health Problems. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of meeting national physical activity guidelines among caregivers and to examine the association between meeting the guidelines and psychological and physical health problems in caregivers..METHODS 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets and the national physical activity guidelines (i.e., 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) were used in the current study.RESULTS The prevalence of meeting national physical activity guidelines among caregivers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents were 46.78%, 48.55%, and 46.54%, respectively. Physically active caregivers of school-aged children showed significantly lower likelihoods of anxiety and obesity compared to physically inactive caregivers of school-aged children. Physically active caregivers of adolescents showed significantly lower likelihoods of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, neck pain, and back pain compared to physically inactive caregivers of adolescents.CONCLUSIONS As parents often experience some health problems, they should be encouraged to meet the national physical activity guidelines. Health care professionals should promote physical activity behaviors in caregivers by considering caregiver’s health conditions.
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18
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Giani L, Caputi M, Forresi B, Michelini G, Scaini S. Evaluation of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Efficacy in the Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Cogn Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-021-00129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Yoon S, Helsabeck N, Wang X, Logan J, Pei F, Hamby S, Slesnick N. Profiles of Resilience among Children Exposed to Non-Maltreatment Adverse Childhood Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10600. [PMID: 34682346 PMCID: PMC8536112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence and negative consequences of non-maltreatment adverse childhood experiences (NM-ACEs), it is critical to understand their impacts on the resilient functioning of young children. This study sought to examine heterogeneity in resilience among first-grade children who were exposed to NM-ACEs during kindergarten and explore demographic and adversity characteristics that distinguish between resilience profiles. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on 4929 children drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K). The results of the LPA revealed four distinct resilience profiles: (1) low cognitive and executive functioning (4%); (2) low social and behavioral functioning (14%); (3) low average functioning (31%); and (4) multi-domain resilience (51%). Female children and those in families characterized by older maternal age, higher parental education level, household income above 200% federal poverty level, not receiving welfare benefits, and races other than Black were more likely to be in the multi-domain resilience profile. The findings highlight heterogeneity in resilience among children exposed to NM-ACEs and point to the need for a comprehensive, multi-domain assessment of child functioning to support optimal resilience development in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nathan Helsabeck
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (N.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (X.W.); (F.P.)
| | - Jessica Logan
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (N.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Fei Pei
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (X.W.); (F.P.)
| | - Sherry Hamby
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA;
- Life Paths Research Center, Sewanee, TN 37375, USA
| | - Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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20
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Lestari NE, Anindya I. Does Online Counseling Reduce Anxiety in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made governments in a number of countries to issue and implement a regulation of social and physical restriction. It leaves a serious impact, one of which is anxiety experienced by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as the only access to therapy and education for their children has to be done online.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of online counseling on the anxiety in parents of children with ASD during COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of this study used pre-test-post-test design without control. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 46 respondents. The instrument used online counseling design and Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 which has been tested for validity and reliability. This study used marginal homogeneity test.
RESULTS: The result showed that the majority of respondents’ anxiety before and after online counseling had severe and minimal anxiety (16 respondents, 34.8% and 15 respondents, 32.6%, respectively) with p = 0.012.
CONCLUSIONS: There was an effect of online counseling on anxiety in parents of children with ASD during COVID-19 pandemic. This can serve as a recommendation in providing online counseling to reduce anxiety in parents of children with ASD during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Saddik B, Hussein A, Albanna A, Elbarazi I, Al-Shujairi A, Temsah MH, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Stip E, Hamid Q, Halwani R. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and children in the United Arab Emirates: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:224. [PMID: 33941119 PMCID: PMC8090921 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychosocial impact of previous infectious disease outbreaks in adults has been well documented, however, there is limited information on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and children in the United Arab Emirate (UAE) community. The aim of this study was to explore anxiety levels among adults and children in the UAE and to identify potential risk and protective factors for well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using a web-based cross-sectional survey we collected data from 2200 self-selected, assessed volunteers and their children. Demographic information, knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) using the (GAD-7) scale, emotional problems in children using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), worry and fear about COVID-19, coping mechanisms and general health information were collected. Descriptive analysis was carried out to summarize demographic and participant characteristics, Chi-square analysis to explore associations between categorical variables and anxiety levels and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of anxiety levels in adults and emotional problems in children. RESULTS The overall prevalence of GAD in the general population was 71% with younger people (59.8%) and females (51.7%) reporting highest levels of anxiety. Parents who were teachers reported the highest percentage of emotional problems in children (26.7%). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression for GAD-7 scores showed that being female, high levels of worry associated with COVID-19, intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and smoking were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression for SDQ showed that higher emotional problems were reported for children in lower and higher secondary education, and parents who had severe anxiety were seven times more likely to report emotional problems in their children. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the psychological impact of COVID-19 among adults and children in the UAE and highlights the significant association between parental and child anxiety. Findings suggest the urgency for policy makers to develop effective screening and coping strategies for parents and especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basema Saddik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates ,Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Hussein
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Albanna
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates ,Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arwa Al-Shujairi
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates ,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Peris TS, Thamrin H, Rozenman MS. Family Intervention for Child and Adolescent Anxiety: A Meta-analytic Review of Therapy Targets, Techniques, and Outcomes. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:282-295. [PMID: 33756306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parent- and family-level correlates of youth anxiety are well-documented, and they highlight potential targets for family-focused intervention. Although family-based approaches for treating youth anxiety generally are considered efficacious for achieving symptom reduction, they vary in format and approach and it remains unclear whether they offer an advantage over individual child treatment. To better understand the current state of the evidence, we used meta-analytic methods to examine the therapeutic approaches described in existing family interventions for child and adolescent anxiety, whether they mapped to the major mechanisms proposed in the literature, and the timeline along which relevant parent/family variables were measured. We examined how these mechanism-focused family interventions performed in RCTs relative to individual child CBT and whether they shifted symptoms and relevant parenting behaviors. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared individual cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) to CBT+ a family component (CBT + FAM) and included a youth anxiety measure at pre- and post-treatment; only half of these (n=6) also included a parent/family functioning measure at both pre- and post-treatment (across both primary and secondary outcome papers). Only a single study included anxiety measures at a mid-treatment time point, and none included parent measures at a mid-treatment time point. Findings are discussed in terms of design considerations and advancing the field of family intervention for youth anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Peris
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
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23
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Assessing parental cognitions about child anxiety: Are parents' thoughts about child anxiety associated with child anxiety and anxiety sensitivity? J Anxiety Disord 2021; 80:102400. [PMID: 33894551 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) or the fear of anxious symptomatology, has garnered support in both adult and child samples for its predictive validity of anxiety disorders. Recent efforts to identify familial factors that predict anxiety amongst youth have identified a construct similar to AS amongst parents, but instead focused on the child rather than on the self. The overarching goal of the present study was to examine the extent to which two measures of this construct [the Parent Sensitivity to Child Anxiety Index (PSCAI) and the Parental Beliefs about Anxiety Questionnaire (PBA-Q)] correlated with child and parent AS and anxiety and how these measures explained the relationships between parent- and child-reported AS and anxiety. A secondary aim of the present study was to psychometrically compare the PSCAI and the PBA-Q with respect to not only their convergence with parent and child AS and anxiety, but also the extent to which each mediated the parent-child relationships between these variables. The PSCAI and PBA-Q significantly mediated the relationship between parent and child AS, each yielding small significant indirect effects. Support was also observed for a double mediation model in which parental anxiety predicted parental AS, which predicted parental beliefs about and parental sensitivity to child anxiety, which in turn predicted child anxiety. Findings suggest that both parental beliefs about and sensitivity to child anxiety are both correlated with and partially explain the relationship between parent and child AS and anxiety, providing potential points of intervention in treatment and prevention efforts for child anxiety.
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Tolliver-Lynn MN, Marris AM, Sullivan MA, Armans M. The role of the parent-child relationship in fostering resilience in American Indian/Alaskan Native children. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:419-431. [PMID: 33135173 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is a key characteristic to study in families, particularly those who have experienced significant systemic risk factors. While much resilience research focuses on ethnic and cultural minorities, little research focuses specifically on American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) families. The parent-child relationship has been demonstrated to be a key characteristic in families, and this relationship may also serve as a protective factor for AI/AN families. Positive parent-child relationships are consistently linked to positive child outcomes, and parental psychological symptoms are linked with child psychological symptoms in non-Native families. These associations warrant further examination among AI/AN families. We hypothesized that the parent-child relationship would moderate the link between parent distress (i.e., depressive and anxious symptoms) and child internalizing problems in a sample of 57 AI/AN parents of children 3-5 years of age. As expected, the parent-child relationship moderated the associations between parent anxiety symptoms and child internalizing symptoms, and between parent depressive symptoms and child internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, the strength of the parent-child relationship buffered the effects of parent distress on child internalizing symptoms. Results highlight the potentially protective role of strong parent-child relationships in AI/AN families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvina M Marris
- The Confederated Tribes of The Colville Reservation, Nespelem, Washington, USA
| | - Maureen A Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mira Armans
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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25
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The use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in addressing family accommodation (FA) for child anxiety. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x21000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many parents of children with anxiety tend to engage in varying levels of family accommodation (FA) in order to alleviate anxiety symptoms. This can exacerbate anxiety symptoms and have adverse effects for psychological treatments. A small number of general and specific interventions have been developed for FA but treatment research is at a nascent stage. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) may be an effective treatment for FA. This article reviews the potential advantages and uses of ACT and how ACT’s six core processes can help target particular features of FA. The theoretical support for ACT is reviewed relevant to FA. The article concludes by conjecturing how ACT may be a useful and adaptive treatment in targeting FA.
Key learning aims
(1)
To understand how FA impacts on child anxiety.
(2)
To help provide an overview of how ACT may be a relevant treatment in addressing FA.
(3)
To look at how each of the six core processes may address specific components of FA.
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26
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Cohodes EM, Preece DA, McCauley S, Rogers MK, Gross JJ, Gee DG. Development and Validation of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 50:133-148. [PMID: 33411232 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Caregivers play a central role in promoting emotion regulation throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence. However, there are no existing psychometric measures to assess how parents assist children in employing emotion regulation strategies for negative emotions. We therefore developed the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire to assess the degree to which parents assist their children in their use of ten different regulation strategies. In this paper, we describe the development of the PACER and examine its psychometric properties (N = 407 parents of children ages birth to 17 years). In so doing, we also use the PACER to comprehensively explore the links between parent-assisted emotion regulation and indices of parent and child stress, symptomatology, and attachment. Confirmatory factor analyses of the PACER items supported its intended ten-factor structure (corresponding to ten specific regulation strategies), which was invariant across different child age and sex categories. PACER scale scores had excellent internal consistency and generally acceptable test-retest reliability over a one-week period. Convergent validity was established via correlations between PACER scales and indices of parental emotion sensitivity, expressivity, and regulation, as well as parents' perception of the efficacy of their assistance with children's execution of emotion regulatory strategies. Lower parental facilitation of stereotypically adaptive emotion regulatory strategies was associated with higher child internalizing and externalizing problems and with poorer parent-child relationship quality. Overall, these findings suggest that the PACER may be a useful tool for the assessment of parental assistance with child emotion regulation across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Cohodes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - David A Preece
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sarah McCauley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marisa K Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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27
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Bertino MD, Connell G, Lewis AJ. The association between parental personality patterns and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in children and adolescents. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Bertino
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Connell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lewis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Fields A, Harmon C, Lee Z, Louie JY, Tottenham N. Parent's anxiety links household stress and young children's behavioral dysregulation. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:16-30. [PMID: 32671835 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Young children rely heavily on their caregivers to gain information about the environment, especially during times of duress. Therefore, considering parental assessments of behavior in the context of stressful environments may better facilitate our understanding of the longstanding association between early environmental stressors and changes in child behavior and physiology. Confirming many previous reports, a higher degree of household stress exposure was associated with elevated mental health symptoms in 2- to 6-year-old children (N = 115; anxiety and externalizing behaviors), which were verified in a subset of children with laboratory-based behaviors (N = 46). However, these associations were mediated by parental anxiety symptoms, which were also associated with increased cortisol levels in children. A closer look at the stressors indicated that it was the adult-targeted, and not the child-targeted, stressors that correlated most with children's behavior problems. These results highlight the importance of considering the mediating effect of parents, when examining associations between household stress and young children's behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoe Lee
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Han ZR, Zhang X, Davis M, Suveg C. The Role of Children's Neurophysiological Functioning in the Links Between Emotion-Parenting Behaviors and Child Anxiety Symptoms: A Biological Sensitivity to Context Framework. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:618-635. [PMID: 30888689 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of data supports links between parenting behaviors and child anxiety, but few studies have examined factors that can contribute to variability in these relations. Adopting a biological sensitivity to context framework, this study explored the role of children's physiological stress reactivity in the links between emotion-parenting and child anxiety symptoms in a group of Chinese families. Sixty-one parent-child dyads (child Mage = 8.21 years, SD = 1.40, range = 6-12 years) participated in an acute stress protocol, from which children's physiological (cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia) responses to a social speech task were recorded. Participants then completed questionnaires assessing parents' emotion-parenting behaviors and children's anxiety symptoms. Results showed that the relation between supportive emotion-parenting and child anxiety was stronger in the context of greater child RSA suppression to acute stress, such that children higher in RSA suppression exhibited lower anxiety symptoms when supportive emotion-parenting was higher than when it was lower. Thus, these findings supported the biological sensitivity to context model. No significant moderation effect was detected for cortisol reactivity or recovery. Instead, exploratory mediation analyses showed that supportive emotion-parenting was negatively related to child anxiety via greater cortisol recovery. There was also a significant indirect path where unsupportive emotion-parenting was related to blunted cortisol recovery, which in turn was associated with higher child anxiety. The results highlight the importance of coaching parents to respond in supportive ways to children's emotional expressions, particularly in the context of greater child reactivity, to help buffer against childhood anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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30
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Wang X, Maguire-Jack K, Barnhart S, Yoon S, Li Q. Racial Differences in the Relationship between Neighborhood Disorder, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Child Behavioral Health. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:315-329. [PMID: 31811546 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neighborhood and family context in which children grow profoundly influences their development. Informed by ecological systems theory and social disorganization theory, we hypothesized that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) mediate the relationship between neighborhood disorder and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and that these pathways vary by race/ethnicity. We conducted secondary data analysis using Fragile Families and Child Well-being study data. To test hypothesized pathways, we performed a mediation path analysis on a sample of 3001 mothers of children (ages 3 and 5) living in 20 U.S. cities. A moderated mediation path analysis was used to test racial/ethnic differences in hypothesized pathways. We found that living in disordered neighborhoods increased children's likelihood of exhibiting externalizing and internalizing behaviors through childhood ACEs. Compared to Black and Hispanic children, White children's ACEs were more susceptible to negative neighborhood environment effects, suggesting that White children's behavioral health may be more indirectly affected by neighborhood disorder. The finding that ACEs mediated the pathway from neighborhood disorder to child behavior problems provides opportunity for child psychiatrists and pediatricians to interrupt negative pathways by providing interventions for children and families. Our findings on racial/ethnic differences highlight the need for culturally sensitive programming to address children's behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Wang
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, School of Social Work, 150 Crouse Dr, White Hall 220, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | | | - Sheila Barnhart
- College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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31
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Kang YQ, Lim TSH, Ragen ES, Tan MY, Aishworiya R. Managing Children's Anxiety During COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies for Providers and Caregivers. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:552823. [PMID: 33281637 PMCID: PMC7688908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.552823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic by virtue of its sudden, unprecedented and widespread nature, has led to a multitude of psychological effects on individuals across societies. This includes anxiety which has important implications on the daily functioning, physical and mental health of individuals. Children are a vulnerable group of the population who can experience anxiety which potentially can lead to long-lasting implications on their health for years to come. It is thus important that their caregivers, including parents and healthcare professionals be aware of strategies that can help with anxiety in children. This article discusses anxiety in children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and outlines strategies that may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Kang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tammy S H Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Sarah Ragen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mae Yue Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramkumar Aishworiya
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Interpretation Biases and Childhood Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System Reactivity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 48:419-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Landi I, Giannotti M, Venuti P, Falco S. Maternal and family predictors of infant psychological development in at‐risk families: A multilevel longitudinal study. Res Nurs Health 2019; 43:17-27. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Landi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, Via Matteo Del Ben 5/b RoveretoUniversity of TrentoTrento Italy
- MPBA – Bruno Kessler FoundationTrento Italy
| | - Michele Giannotti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, Via Matteo Del Ben 5/b RoveretoUniversity of TrentoTrento Italy
| | - Paola Venuti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, Via Matteo Del Ben 5/b RoveretoUniversity of TrentoTrento Italy
| | - Simona Falco
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, Via Matteo Del Ben 5/b RoveretoUniversity of TrentoTrento Italy
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34
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Scherer N, Verhey I, Kuper H. Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219888. [PMID: 31361768 PMCID: PMC6667144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although caring for a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can have positive outcomes, parents may be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety, due to a number of associated stressors, such as increased caregiver demands and financial strain. This systematic review updates previous data, exploring the relationship between parenting a child with IDD and parental depression and anxiety. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched for eligible English-language articles, published between January 2004 and July 2018. All epidemiological study designs were eligible, provided the level of depression and/or anxiety was compared between parents of children (aged <18) with and without IDD. No limit was placed on geographic location. The proportion of positive associations between parenting a child with IDD and depression/anxiety were disaggregated by disability type, geographic region, and sample size. The percentage of parents at risk of moderate depression or anxiety were calculated using recognised clinical cut-off scores for each screening tool. Meta-analyses, in which pooled effect sizes of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were calculated, were conducted across two IDD conditions, autism and cerebral palsy. RESULTS Of the 5,839 unique records screened, 19 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income (n = 8, 42%) or upper-middle income countries (n = 10, 53%). Of the 19 studies, 69% focused on parents of children with cerebral palsy (n = 7, 37%) or autism (n = 6, 32%). Nearly all studies found a positive association between parenting a child with IDD and depression (n = 18, 95%) and anxiety (n = 9, 90%) symptoms. Factors associated with higher levels of depression symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD included disability severity (n = 8, 78%) and lower household income (n = 4, 80%). Approximately one third (31%) of parents of children with IDD reach the clinical cut-off score for moderate depression, compared with 7% of parents of children without IDD. 31% of parents of children with IDD reach the cut-off score for moderate anxiety, compared with 14% of parents of children without IDD. The meta-analyses demonstrated moderate effect sizes for elevated depression amongst parents of children with autism and cerebral palsy. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate elevated levels of depressive symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD. Quality concerns amongst the existing literature support the need for further research, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Scherer
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ibone Verhey
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and King’s Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Latent Profiles of Perceived Parental Psychopathology: Associations with Emerging Adult Psychological Problems. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:411-424. [PMID: 30357540 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the complex relations between parent and child psychopathology would be enhanced if common patterns of parental problem types or particular parent dyads were identified. The current study used latent profile analysis to allow for a person-centered approach to the examination of which parental psychopathology subgroups based on their perceived depressive, anxiety, and antisocial problems are both most common and most strongly associated with emerging adult psychopathology. Participants included 2204 emerging adults enrolled in a Southern United States university who reported on their perceptions of their parents' and their own current psychological problems. A 5-profile solution for perceived parental psychopathology was identified and represented anticipated groups (e.g., low problems, high problems, high internalizing only, high externalizing only). The largest effects of these profiles were found for emerging adult antisocial problems, and paternal profiles demonstrated larger effect sizes relative to maternal profiles. When both parents were perceived as having elevated problems, emerging adults also generally reported the highest rates of their own psychological problems. Results also suggest that perceiving as having low problems may protect against the negative effects of the other parent's antisocial problems or depressive/anxiety problems, but may not be sufficient when a parent has elevated problems across domains. Findings indicate the importance of considering varying levels of psychopathology.
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Havewala M, Felton JW, Lejuez CW. Friendship Quality Moderates the Relation Between Maternal Anxiety and Trajectories of Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019; 41:495-506. [PMID: 31983803 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the moderating role of friendship quality on the relation between maternal anxiety and internalizing symptoms in a 3-year prospective study of adolescent development. Participants included 177 adolescents (M age = 16.05, SD age = 0.91) and their mothers. Mothers reported their own levels of anxiety; youth completed self-reports of internalizing symptoms and friendship quality. Positive friendship quality moderated the relation between maternal anxiety and initial levels of internalizing symptoms. Maternal anxiety was associated with steeper increases in internalizing symptoms over time, but only for those with greater negative peer interactions. Findings underscore the important role of both parental and peer relationships in the development of internalizing symptoms and highlight specific avenues for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazneen Havewala
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Julia W Felton
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Carl W Lejuez
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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Müller O, Rothenberger A, Brüni GL, Wang B, Becker A. Questioning the long-term stability of the additive model in comorbid CTD+ADHD - The transition from childhood to adulthood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207522. [PMID: 30458012 PMCID: PMC6245783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous study (Roessner et al. 2007) found psychopathological evidence of an additive model of the comorbid group with Chronic Tic Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (CTD+ADHD), which demanded clinical interventions aimed primarily at the factor ADHD. This 14-year follow-up study tested whether this childhood additive model can also be found in young adulthood and whether ADHD remains the most impairing factor. Methods 92 patients (22.8% girls) from Roessner et al. (2007) were re-investigated as young adults at the age of 24 years, broken down into four groups: CTD-only (n = 22), CTD+ADHD (n = 23), ADHD-only (n = 24), and controls (n = 23). The Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) was used as an equivalent parent-report instrument to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) applied 14 years ago. Statistically, 2x2 factorial design was completed. Results From the point of view of parents, the factors CTD and ADHD in young adults contributed almost equally to psychopathological problems and showed many interactions, i.e. an interactive model was supported. In addition, the ADHD factor was no longer the leading problem for psychosocial impairment in the adult CTD+ADHD group. Conclusion The additive model of CTD+ADHD seems to exist no longer in young adults, nor may the childhood predominance of the factor ADHD in comorbid CTD+ADHD. Thus, treatment priority should be decided by clinicians on a case-by-case basis depending on the most impairing disorder of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Müller
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Geza L. Brüni
- Service for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Thurgau, Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Biyao Wang
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Becker
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Does the association between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness depend on the levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology in mothers? J Adolesc 2018; 68:22-31. [PMID: 30014953 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate whether mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness differ as a function of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and to explore the moderating role of these symptoms on the relationship between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness. A sample of 685 mother-adolescent dyads was collected in Portuguese public schools. Mothers completed self-reported measures of mindful parenting and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and adolescents (aged 10-18 years) completed a measure of dispositional mindfulness. Mothers with clinically significant symptomatology levels reported lower levels of mindful parenting than those with normal symptomatology. Almost all mindful parenting dimensions were significantly associated with adolescents' mindfulness, but only under lower or moderate levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology. These findings suggest that parental factors play a key role in adolescents' mindfulness skills and underline the detrimental effect of maternal psychopathology on mindful parenting and on its link with adolescents' mindfulness.
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Meyer JM, Clapp JD, Whiteside SP, Dammann J, Kriegshauser KD, Hale LR, Jacobi DM, Riemann BC, Deacon BJ. Predictive Relationship Between Parental Beliefs and Accommodation of Pediatric Anxiety. Behav Ther 2018; 49:580-593. [PMID: 29937259 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavior performed by parents to assist a youth in avoiding or alleviating anxiety, known as accommodation, is ubiquitous among pediatric anxiety disorders and strongly related to poor treatment outcome. According to cognitive-behavioral theory, the beliefs parents hold regarding accommodation should predict parental accommodating behavior. Unfortunately, little is known about the beliefs parents hold regarding accommodation, as there exists no validated measure of this construct. First, the psychometric properties were examined for the Parental Accommodation Scale (PAS), a novel measure of parental accommodating behavior frequency (PAS-Behavior scale) and parental beliefs about accommodation (PAS-Belief scale). Second, the relationship between parental beliefs about accommodation and accommodation frequency was examined. Results provide preliminary evidence of the internal consistency and convergent validity of the PAS. Stronger positive beliefs about accommodation significantly predicted accommodation frequency, even after controlling for youth anxiety severity. Specifically, beliefs that accommodation prevents youth from losing behavioral and emotional control significantly predicted accommodation frequency. Therefore, efforts to decrease accommodation in clinical settings should involve correcting maladaptive parental beliefs about accommodation, with a particular emphasis on beliefs regarding the necessity of accommodation in preventing a youth from losing behavioral and emotional control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa R Hale
- Kansas City Center for Anxiety Treatment; University of Missouri-Kansas City
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Shea CKS, Lee MMC, Lai KYC, Luk ESL, Leung PWL. Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Hong Kong Chinese Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:403-413. [PMID: 25525156 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714562830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorders in Chinese children with ADHD. METHOD Overall, 120 children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years were recruited, and the parent version of computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 4 was administrated to their primary caretakers. RESULTS The prevalence rate of anxiety disorders was 27.5%, which is consistent with the reports of previous Asian and Western studies. Among the children with ADHD and anxiety disorders, more than 50% of them also had comorbid oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (ODD/CD), which yielded an adjusted odds ratio of 3.0 in multivariable analysis for anxiety disorder, with comorbid ODD/CD. In addition, anxiety disorders were positively associated with inattention symptoms in children with both disorders. CONCLUSION Clinicians should perform screening and careful assessment for anxiety symptoms in children with ADHD, particularly those suffering from comorbid ODD/CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Y C Lai
- 2 Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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41
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Telman LGE, van Steensel FJA, Maric M, Bögels SM. Are Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents Less Impairing Than ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorders? Associations with Child Quality of Life and Parental Stress and Psychopathology. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:891-902. [PMID: 28176178 PMCID: PMC5680363 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We compared clinically referred children with anxiety disorders (AD; n = 63) to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 39), ADHD Combined (ADHD-C; n = 62), ADHD Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-I; n = 64), and typically developing children (n = 42) on child quality of life (QOL), paternal and maternal psychopathology and parental stress. Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. Multilevel analyses showed that QOL in AD was higher on school and social functioning, compared to respectively ADHD and ASD, and lower compared to normal controls on all five domains. Fathers reported their AD children higher QOL than mothers. Also, AD appeared to be associated with less parental stress and parental psychopathology than other child psychopathology. Therefore, parental factors may need to be considered more in treatment of children with ADHD/ASD than AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth G E Telman
- Research Priority Area Yield, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Francisca J A van Steensel
- Research Priority Area Yield, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UvA minds, Academic Outpatient Child and Adolescent Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marija Maric
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M Bögels
- Research Priority Area Yield, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UvA minds, Academic Outpatient Child and Adolescent Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lin X, Zhang Y, Chi P, Ding W, Heath MA, Fang X, Xu S. The Mutual Effect of Marital Quality and Parenting Stress on Child and Parent Depressive Symptoms in Families of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1810. [PMID: 29104548 PMCID: PMC5654759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the mutual relationships between dyadic level (i.e., marital quality and parenting stress) and individual level factors (i.e., children and parental depressive symptoms) in families of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Specifically, we explored whether marital interaction (marital quality) was associated with symptoms of child depression through parent-child interaction (parenting stress) and parent depressive symptoms. We also explored whether parent-child interaction was associated with symptoms of parent depression through marital interaction and child depressive symptoms. This study was conducted with 256 parent-child dyads, consisting of children with ODD and one of each child's parents. Participants were recruited from 14 primary schools located in northern, eastern, and southwestern China. Results revealed that marital quality predicted symptoms of child depression through the parenting stress, but not parent depressive symptoms; and parenting stress predicted symptoms of parent depression through marital quality, but not through child depressive symptoms. Also, parenting stress significantly and directly predicted parent depressive symptoms. We concluded in families of children with ODD, the association of marital interaction and parent-child interaction on both symptoms of parent and child depression highlighted the mutual effects of the couple subsystem and the parent-child subsystem. Furthermore, in regard to parental and child depressive symptoms, implications for intervention are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wan Ding
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa A. Heath
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shousen Xu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Flessner CA, Murphy YE, Brennan E, D'Auria A. The Parenting Anxious Kids Ratings Scale-Parent Report (PAKRS-PR): Initial Scale Development and Psychometric Properties. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:651-667. [PMID: 27770232 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental models of pediatric anxiety posit multiple, maladaptive parenting behaviors as potential risk factors. Despite this, a standardized means of assessing multiple of these practices (i.e., anxiogenic parenting) in a comprehensive and efficient manner are lacking. In Study 1531 parents of children 7-17 years old completed an online survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. In Study 2, a separate community sample (N = 109; 9-17 years old) was recruited and completed a comprehensive assessment battery as part of a larger study. All parents (Study 1 and 2 samples) completed the Parenting Anxious Kids Ratings Scale-Parent Report (PAKRS-PR), a measurement tool designed to assess anxiogenic parenting. Factor analysis conducted as part of Study 1 revealed a 32-item scale consisting of five factors: conflict, overinvolvement, accommodation/beliefs, modeling, and emotional warmth/support. Four of these factors were significantly correlated with parent-report of anxiety severity. Within Study 2, the parents of children diagnosed with an anxiety or related disorder reported significantly higher levels of anxiogenic parenting practices as compared to the parents of healthy controls. The PAKRS-PR and respective subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in both the internet (Study 1) and community (Study 2) samples. The PAKRS-PR may be a beneficial multidimensional parenting scale for use among anxious youths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda E Murphy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Elle Brennan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Alexandra D'Auria
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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Selles RR, McBride NM, Dammann J, Whiteside SP, Small BJ, Phares V, Storch EA. The Treatment Worries Questionnaire: Conjoined measures for evaluating worries about psychosocial treatment in youth and their parents. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:159-168. [PMID: 28161612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment worries, which surround requirements and results of obtaining treatment, may represent an important construct; however, previous measures were limited by their specificity, format, and lack of parent report. Therefore the present study examined the initial outcomes and psychometrics of corresponding measures of treatment worries in youth (Treatment Worries Questionnaire - Child; TWQ-C) and their parents (Treatment Worries Questionnaire - Parent; TWQ-P). Participants were 94 youth (7-17-years old) and parent dyads presenting for treatment of an anxiety disorder. Dyads completed the TWQ-C and TWQ-P along with additional measures prior to initiating treatment. Treatment worries were endorsed in the mild-moderate range by youth and the TWQ-C demonstrated good-excellent internal consistency, a three-factor structure, and consistent convergent and divergent relationships. Treatment worries were endorsed in the low-mild range by parents and the TWQ-P demonstrated fair-good internal consistency, a four-factor structure, and consistent divergent relationships, but variable (by factor) convergent relationships. The results provide information on treatment worries and support the use of the TWQ-C and TWQ-P as broad assessments of the concept. Low endorsement of worries among parents likely relates to the treatment-seeking nature of the sample. Future investigations using the TWQ-C and TWQ-P in a variety of samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Selles
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric A Storch
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Rogers Behavioral Health - Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL, USA; All Children's Hospital - Johns Hopkins Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Martinson LE, Esposito-Smythers C, Blalock DV. The effects of parental mental health and social-emotional coping on adolescent eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. J Adolesc 2016; 52:154-61. [PMID: 27567519 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether social-emotional coping skills moderate the association between parental mental health symptoms and adolescent disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in a clinical sample of adolescents with internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms. Fifty-nine adolescent-parent dyads (N = 118 total participants) recruited from a metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States completed assessments at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Generally, higher parental depression and anxiety were only found to be associated with greater disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescents who reported poorer (versus stronger) emotional awareness/expression skills and less (versus greater) ability to regulate emotions. Results may suggest that adolescents who lack the ability to effectively recognize, express, and manage negative emotions that arise in the context of a challenging home environment may be at greater risk for engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors, such as disordered eating. Thus, bolstering adolescent social-emotional coping skills may help protect against adolescent disordered eating.
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46
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Wu MS, Salloum A, Lewin AB, Selles RR, McBride NM, Crawford EA, Storch EA. Treatment Concerns and Functional Impairment in Pediatric Anxiety. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:627-35. [PMID: 26438217 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although there are efficacious, evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders, youth often experience delays in seeking therapy. Myriad reasons may contribute to this lag in treatment initiation, with some youth possessing concerns about therapy. Treatment concerns are broadly characterized by worries/ambivalence about seeking treatment, including concerns about the negative reactions, consequences, and inconvenience of treatment. As no studies exist for youth with anxiety disorders, this study examined the phenomenology of treatment concerns in 119 treatment-seeking, anxious youth and utilized a structural equation model to examine the relationship between child anxiety, depressive symptoms, treatment concerns, and anxiety-related functional impairment. Over 90 % of the children positively endorsed some type of treatment-related fear, with the most frequently expressed concern being that therapy would take too much time (50.4 %). Based on the model, both child anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted functional impairment, and treatment concerns mediated the relationship between child anxiety and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Alison Salloum
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Lewin
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert R Selles
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicole M McBride
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Erika A Crawford
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Rogers Behavioral Health - Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL, USA
- All Children's Hospital - Johns Hopkins Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Parental Anxiety Prospectively Predicts Fearful Children's Physiological Recovery from Stress. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:774-85. [PMID: 25385440 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Parental anxiety confers risk for the development of an anxiety disorder in children, and this risk may be transmitted through children's stress reactivity. Further, some children may be more vulnerable to reactivity in the presence of parent factors such as anxiety. In this study, we examined whether parents' anxiety symptoms prospectively predict school-aged children's physiological reactivity following stress, assessed through their electrodermal activity (galvanic skin response) during recovery from a performance challenge task, and whether this varies as a function of children's temperamental fearfulness. Parents and their children (N = 68) reported on their anxiety symptoms at Time 1 of data collection, and parents characterized the extent to which their children had fearful temperaments. At Time 2 children completed the performance challenge and two recovery tasks. Greater parental anxiety symptom severity at Time 1 predicted children's higher electrodermal response during both recovery tasks following the failure task. Further, these effects are specific to children with medium and high fearful temperament, whereas for children low in fearfulness, the association between parent anxiety and child reactivity is not significant. Findings provide additional evidence for the diathesis-stress hypothesis and are discussed in terms of their contribution to the literature on developmental psychopathology.
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48
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Walker CS, McKinney C. Parental and emerging adult psychopathology: Moderated mediation by gender and affect toward parents. J Adolesc 2015; 44:158-67. [PMID: 26275747 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current research indicates that children tend to view parents with psychopathology more negatively and children who hold negative perceptions of parents are at a greater risk for psychopathology. Yet, less research examines how parental psychopathology influences offspring psychopathology through affect toward parents. The current study tested a model that examined the associations among parental psychopathology, positive affect toward parents, and emerging adult psychopathology. Associations were expected to be partly indirect via positive affect toward parents and emerging adult gender was expected to moderate these associations. Results indicated gender-moderated mediation with significant effects found for males but not females. Results from the current study emphasize the importance of examining affect toward parents as a risk factor for emerging adult psychopathology. Additionally, results of the current study demonstrate the importance of examining the role of emerging adult gender as a potential moderator in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Walker
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, 110 Magruder Hall, 255 Lee Blvd., Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Cliff McKinney
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, 110 Magruder Hall, 255 Lee Blvd., Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Benzies K, Mychasiuk R, Tough S. What patterns of postpartum psychological distress are associated with maternal concerns about their children's emotional and behavioural problems at the age of three years? EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE 2015; 185:1-16. [PMID: 25544794 PMCID: PMC4270423 DOI: 10.1080/03004430.2014.899592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mothers experiencing psychological distress in the postpartum period may have difficulties parenting their children. Inconsistent and unresponsive parenting may increase the risk of later emotional and behavioural problems in children. The purpose of this study was to identify how maternal psychological characteristics cluster at eight weeks postpartum, and whether these clusters were associated with maternal-reported child emotional and behavioural problems at the age of three years, as measured by the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) questionnaire. In a longitudinal pregnancy cohort (N = 647), three clusters of postpartum psychological characteristics were identified. Contrary to expectations, mothers with the greatest psychological distress did not report concerns about their child's emotional and behavioural problems; rather, they reported concerns about global developmental delay. These findings suggest that infants of mothers experiencing postpartum psychological distress should receive additional follow-up to reduce the risk for global developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing and Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, PF2222 – 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, CanadaAB T2N 1N4
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Suite 200, 3820 – 24th Avenue NW, Calgary, CanadaAB T3B 2X9
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Wei C, Kendall PC. Child Perceived Parenting Behavior: Childhood Anxiety and Related Symptoms. CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2014; 36:1-18. [PMID: 25061257 PMCID: PMC4104716 DOI: 10.1080/07317107.2014.878175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the relationship between child-reported parenting behaviors and children's anxiety, depressive, and externalizing symptoms. Youth ages 7 - 14 (N = 175; 52.6% male) and their parents seeking treatment for child anxiety were evaluated. The parenting behaviors that were measured separately included father's and mother's acceptance, psychological control, and firm/behavioral control. Children's symptoms were assessed using diagnostic interviews, self-reports, parent-reports, and teacher-reports. Independent t-tests revealed that children diagnosed with a primary anxiety disorder perceived higher parental control than children without an anxiety disorder. Results from regression analyses indicated that child-reported maternal acceptance was associated with lower symptoms of child anxiety, depression, and externalizing behavior, whereas psychological control predicted higher symptoms. Further, child-reported depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between maternal psychological control and children's anxiety, such that the relationship was weaker for anxious children with more depressive symptoms. The current findings support that children's perception of parenting behavior is associated with anxiety, and children's depressive symptoms moderate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Wei
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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