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Cross L, Belshaw F, Piovesan A, Atherton G. Game Changer: Exploring the Role of Board Games in the Lives of Autistic People. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06408-0. [PMID: 38967700 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This mixed methods paper reports findings from three studies examining the overlap between autism and hobbyist board gaming. The first was a quantitative survey of over 1600 board gamers, showing that autistic individuals are overrepresented in this hobby compared to the general population and that autistic traits measured by the AQ are significantly elevated amongst board gamers. Study 1 also assessed gamers' motivations and preferences and reported key differences as well as similarities between autistic and non-autistic gamers. The second was a qualitative study that reported the results of 13 interviews with autistic individuals who are hobbyist board gamers. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), four key themes were uncovered, including a preference for systemising, escapism and passions, the social lubrication effect of games and difficulties with deception. In the third, 28 autistic individuals were introduced to board games in groups of 5-10 over an afternoon. Subsequent focus groups were then analysed using IPA. This analysis uncovered themes around how board games are challenging but encouraged growth and how they were an alternative vehicle for forging social relationships. Through this paper, we discuss how and why board games may be a popular hobby amongst the autistic population, and its potential utility for improving autistic wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Cross
- Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Francesca Belshaw
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Liverpool, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Andrea Piovesan
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Liverpool, L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Gray Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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2
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Ratcliff K, Hilton CL, Fingerhut PE, Jin Y, Hong I. Relationship between Emotional Support for Parents and Autistic Children's Participation in Social and Physical Activities. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:651-665. [PMID: 37585721 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2243513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if parents receiving emotional support is positively correlated with children's participation in physical and social activities and if such a correlation exists between parental emotional support in children labeled as autistic. Data were drawn from 30,501 children aged 6 to 17 years in the 2020 National Survey of Children's Health database and analyzed using a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on multivariate linear regression models. Results showed parental emotional support was statistically significantly correlated with children's physical and social activity in the total sample but was not significant for the emotional support of parents with autistic children. The findings suggest that other issues must be considered as contributing factors for parents of autistic children in relation to social and physical activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ratcliff
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia L Hilton
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia E Fingerhut
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yeonju Jin
- Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wiggins LD, Daniels J, Overwyk K, Croen L, DiGuiseppi C, Bradley C, Powell P, Dichter G, Moody E, Pazol K. Depressive symptoms and activity engagement in autistic adolescents and those with other developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101633. [PMID: 38664150 PMCID: PMC11194144 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic adults and those with other developmental disabilities (DD) have increased depressive symptoms and decreased activity engagement when compared to those with no DD. Few studies explore activities related to depressive symptoms in autistic people and those with other DD during adolescence. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this analysis were to describe depressive symptoms and activity engagement among autistic adolescents and those with other DD and no DD and explore types of activities associated with depressive symptoms, stratified by study group. METHODS Parents of adolescents completed a multi-site case-control study of autism and other DD when their child was 2-5 years of age and a follow-up survey when their child was 12-16 years of age. Questions asked about the adolescent's current diagnoses, depressive symptoms (i.e., diagnosis, medication use, or symptoms), and engagement in club, social, sport, vocational, volunteer, and other organized activities. RESULTS Autistic adolescents (N = 238) and those with other DD (N = 222) were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms than adolescents with no DD (N = 406), (31.9 %, 30.6 %, and 15.0 % respectively). Lower percentages of autistic adolescents participated in activities than peers with other DD, who had lower percentages than peers with no DD. Participation in sports was associated with lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Autistic adolescents and those with other DD are at increased risk for depressive symptoms and reduced activity engagement. Participation in sports may be especially important for adolescent mental health regardless of disability status. Implications for public health education and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Wiggins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Julie Daniels
- University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie Overwyk
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Chyrise Bradley
- University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Powell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriel Dichter
- University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Karen Pazol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wright FV, Wright A, Bauve C, Evans K. Getting into the game: evaluation of the reliability, validity and utility of the Ignite Challenge scale for school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1374-1390. [PMID: 37088906 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2198257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate reliability, concurrent validity and utility of the Ignite Challenge motor skills measure for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MATERIALS/METHODS In this measurement study, children completed the Ignite Challenge twice, 1-3 weeks apart. A physiotherapist assessor (one of seven) conducted a child's test-retest assessments and scored administration ease and child engagement (/10 visual analogue scale). A second assessor rated baseline assessment videos. Validity data (parent-report PEDI-CAT) were collected at baseline. Reliability analysis employed ICCs (95% CI) and evaluated minimum detectable change (MDC80). Pearson's correlations (r) estimated validity. RESULTS Forty-seven children with ASD (mean 9.34 years [SD = 2.35]; 10 girls; independent social communication) were tested at baseline; 45 were retested. Ignite Challenge baseline and retest mean scores were 69.0% (SD = 17.1) and 69.5% (SD = 16.6) respectively, with excellent inter-rater/test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96 [95% CI 0.92, 0.97] and ICC = 0.91 [95% CI 0.84, 0.95]) respectively, and MDC80 = 9.28. Administration ease and child engagement were 6.5/10 (SD = 2.4) and 6.7/10 (SD = 2.2). Ignite Challenge and PEDI-CAT Social/Mobility (n = 45) associations were r = 0.54 and 0.57. Minimal suggestions for measure revisions arose from child/assessor feedback. CONCLUSIONS Ignite Challenge can reliably identify movement strengths and challenges of children with ASD. Use may permit more appropriate evaluation and goal setting within physical activity-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Virginia Wright
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annemarie Wright
- Knowledge and Innovation, Novita, Hindmarsh, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Catriona Bauve
- Knowledge and Innovation, Novita, Hindmarsh, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Kerry Evans
- Knowledge and Innovation, Novita, Hindmarsh, Adelaide, South Australia
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Wang Z, Golos A, Weiss JA, Anaby D. Participation of Children With Autism During COVID-19: The Role of Maternal Participation. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:13-24. [PMID: 37089012 PMCID: PMC10125891 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231164939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about participation during adverse times. OBJECTIVES This study described participation of children with autism aged 6 to 13 during COVID-19 pandemic and examined the extent to which child factors, mother's own participation, and environmental barriers/supports explain child participation in home and community. METHOD A total of 130 mothers completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth, the Health Promoting Activities Scale, functional issues checklist, and sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS Children's participation frequency and involvement were significantly higher at home than in the community. In both settings, mothers desired change in 71% of activities. Multiple regression models indicated that child's age and mother's participation frequency significantly explained child's home involvement (R2 = 21%), where mother's participation (frequency) had a unique contribution (ΔR2 = 10.4%) at home but not in the community. CONCLUSION Findings imply the importance of maternal participation to child's participation at home and suggest redirecting attention for enhancing family participation as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Wang
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anat Golos
- The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Dana Anaby
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Little LM, Cohen SR, Tomchek SD, Baker A, Wallisch A, Dean E. Interventions to Support Social Participation for Autistic Children and Adolescents in Homes and Communities (2013-2021). Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7710393200. [PMID: 37611261 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.77s10020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic review briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each systematic review brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This systematic review brief presents findings to support social participation for autistic1 children and adolescents (birth to 18 yr) in homes and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Little
- Lauren M. Little, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | - Samantha R Cohen
- Samantha R. Cohen, BA, OTS, is OTD student, Occupational Therapy, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Alissa Baker
- Alissa Baker, MS, OTR/L, is Instructor, Western Michigan University, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Anna Wallisch
- Anna Wallisch, PhD, OTR/L, is Postdoctoral Research Associate, Juniper Gardens Children's Project, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Evan Dean
- Evan Dean, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Director, Beach Center on Disability, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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Holloway JM, Tomlinson SM, Hardwick DD. Strategies to Support Learning of Gross Motor Tasks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2023; 43:17-33. [PMID: 35538730 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2022.2073800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display motor difficulties that may impact social and communication interactions and participation in everyday activities. These difficulties may be related to a difference in the way they learn new skills. Therefore, strategies to support motor learning to optimize skill acquisition and retention may be beneficial. This scoping review described current motor learning strategies used to optimize acquisition, retention, transfer, and generalizability of motor tasks in children with ASD. METHODS Three databases were searched from inception through 2021. Studies were included if they involved participants with ASD ≤ 18 years old, evaluated learning of a novel gross motor task, manipulated a motor learning variable, and were written in English. RESULTS Twenty-two articles met eligibility criteria. Most articles examined strategies that manipulated the instruction of task, with few articles examining feedback or practice. Skill acquisition was the most represented motor learning outcome, with fewer studies examining retention, transfer, or generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Positive results in 95% of the articles suggest that the use of support strategies to optimize motor learning is feasible and beneficial for children with ASD, and that modifications to instruction, feedback, and practice schedules should be considered in motor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Holloway
- School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, FL
| | | | - Dustin D Hardwick
- School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, FL
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Garcia JM, Odahowski CL. An urban versus rural comparison of obesity between youth with and without autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2023; 16:200-207. [PMID: 36412055 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine obesity prevalence in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) youth living in rural and urban areas. Data is from the 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, a national dataset that collected information on child health and well-being. Overweight/obesity status was based on parent/caregiver report of child height and weight. Urban and rural status was determined by whether children lived in/near a city. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine differences in obesity prevalence in youth with ASD and NT youth living in rural and urban areas. Overall, 43.9% of youth with ASD were overweight/obese compared to 30.6% of NT youth (p < 0.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of NT youth living in rural areas (36.44%) who were overweight/obese compared to urban NT youth (30.35%, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in the proportion of overweight/obese youth with ASD living in rural areas (44.02%) compared to urban areas (44.44%, p = 0.96). Urban residence reduced the odds of overweight/obese compared to rural residence among NT youth (aOR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.66-0.90) but urban/rural residence was not a significant factor in models for ASD youth (aOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.63-2.48). In contrast to NT youth, there were no differences in levels of overweight/obesity in youth with ASD living in rural areas compared to urban areas. Further research on how sociodemographic factors and geographic location affect obesity in youth with ASD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Cassie L Odahowski
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Feasibility of Using Q-Sort to Map Conditional Participation in Physical Activity in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2023; 40:63-85. [PMID: 36113850 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in physical activity among adolescents with autism is often conditional. However, there is a lack of methods for identifying these specific conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and investigate the feasibility of a Q-sort tool to map individual-specific conditions for participation in physical activity among adolescents with autism and to identify different viewpoints regarding conditions for such participation. METHOD An exploratory mixed-methods design was employed to investigate the feasibility of using Q methodology and the Q-sort procedure to identify what individual-specific conditions are important for participation in physical activity for adolescents with autism. RESULTS The adolescents ranked the statements with varying levels of ease. Two viewpoints were identified: Autonomous participation without surprises and Enjoyment of activity in a safe social context. CONCLUSION Q-sort is a feasible method for mapping conditions for participation, which can guide the development of tailored physical activity interventions.
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Salters D, Rios PC, Scharoun Benson SM. Instructors' Perspectives of Social and Motor Influences on Participation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:467-478. [PMID: 34252342 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1864260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Participation is key to childhood development and is essential for health and well-being; yet children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participate less in social and physical activities compared to their typically developing peers and little is known about how social and motor challenges impact participation patterns. Purpose: The current research garnered experiential insights of the quality and quantity of participation, through the lens of instructors (N = 9) working with a child or children with ASD. Method: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to capture a comprehensive and informative profile of how social and motor functioning of children with ASD influence involvement in social and physical activities. Results: Thematic analysis revealed consistent viewpoints in four main areas: (1) Viewpoints extend beyond the World Health Organization definition of participation; (2) Participation depends on who is involved; (3) Although motivation, confidence, and competence in social/motor domains underlie participation, social challenges were perceived as the greatest barrier; (4) While acknowledging the benefits of participation, it is necessary to be cognizant of the required supports. Throughout these themes, the notion of heterogeneity was made very clear. Conclusion: Collectively, perspectives offer descriptive insight which may be useful when designing opportunities for participation in social and physical activities among children with ASD.
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Macadangdang J, Black RS. Using behavior skills training to teach recreational motor skills to middle school students with moderate disabilities. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhonda S. Black
- Department of Special Education University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI USA
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12
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Bagatell N, Chan DV, Syu YC, Lamarche EM, Klinger LG. Sensory Processing and Community Participation in Autistic Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:876127. [PMID: 35719479 PMCID: PMC9201716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensory processing differences have been shown to impact involvement in community activities. However, relatively little is known about how these differences affect community participation in autistic adults. Objective The objective of this study was to explore how sensory processing patterns of autistic adults impact community participation, including where people go, what they do, the amount of time in the community, and preferred locations. Methods We used data gathered from six autistic adults and their caregivers who participated in two studies. From Study 1, we reviewed results of the Adolescent and Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and transcripts from interviews with caregivers. From Study 2, we reviewed GPS tracking data and transcripts from structured interviews with autistic adults focused on community participation. We read transcript data, identified quotes related to sensory processing and community participation and constructed individual participant narratives which linked findings from interviews, AASP, and GPS tracking. Results Participants included three males and three females ranging in age from 29 to 51. Each participant had a unique sensory processing profile that influenced where they went, the activities in which they engaged, how much time they spent in the community, and their preferred locations. Those whose sensory processing patterns indicated sensory sensitivity and sensory avoiding described the experience of certain environments as overwhelming and fatiguing and thus spent less time in the community and visited fewer places than those with other sensory processing patterns. Conclusion Results highlight the importance of sensory processing, especially as it impacts participation in the community. Sensory processing patterns should be considered along with other personal and contextual factors when assessing community participation and personal sensory processing patterns should be matched with activities and environmental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bagatell
- Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancy Bagatell,
| | - Dara V. Chan
- Division of Clinical Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ya-Cing Syu
- Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elena M. Lamarche
- TEACCH® Autism Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Laura G. Klinger
- TEACCH® Autism Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Early A, Suarez-Balcazar Y, Arias D. Latinx Parents' Perceptions of Neighborhood Walking Safety for Their Youth With Intellectual Disabilities: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021; 44:10-20. [PMID: 32842002 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased walking distance and frequency has been linked to positive health outcomes. Neighborhood walkability disproportionately impacts youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We investigated concerns of Latinx parents of youth with IDD about walkability and their impact on families' walking behavior. We surveyed Latinx parents of youth with IDD (n = 21) and compared results with the general population. Results were triangulated with a focus group (n = 5). Survey data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test, and focus group data via thematic analysis. We found a significant difference (P < .05) between parents of youth with IDD and the general population on perceived aesthetics, opportunity to participate, and satisfaction. Latinx parents and their youth with IDD experience disparities in the safety and pleasantness of their communities for walking, which may contribute to decreased community participation, poorer health outcomes, and lower levels of neighborhood satisfaction among this already vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Early
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
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14
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Shannon CA, Olsen LL, Hole R, Rush KL. "There's nothing here": Perspectives from rural parents promoting safe active recreation for children living with autism spectrum disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 115:103998. [PMID: 34111755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families experience challenges and barriers at multiple levels that influence their activity participation. The purpose of this study was to develop understanding about factors influencing how families can promote safe, active recreation for their children 3-12 years living with ASD across rural settings and how supports for these families can be enhanced. METHODS This qualitative study used an interpretive descriptive approach. Twelve in-depth, semi-structured interviews with parents of children with ASD were conducted. Data was analyzed thematically. RESULTS Four main themes emerged: 1) ASD specific child vulnerabilities impeding safe recreation. 2) Importance of safe outdoor spaces in rural settings for children with ASD. 3) Diverse parent strategies to address risks and needs. 4) Perceived needs for training of recreation providers. CONCLUSION Findings highlight family-centred priority issues including parental safety concerns related to elopement and risk of injury linked to environmental and outdoor hazards prominent in rural settings. Autism awareness and recreational training is needed and could incorporate collaborative development of child specific safety plans to foster inclusive opportunities. Program planners can use this information to encourage policy making to aid families' safe activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Shannon
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada.
| | - Lise L Olsen
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Rachelle Hole
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Kathy L Rush
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
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Budavari AC, Pas ET, Azad GF, Volk HE. Sitting on the Sidelines: Disparities in Social, Recreational, and Community Participation Among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3399-3412. [PMID: 34331628 PMCID: PMC8801542 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Participation in extracurricular activities and community involvement during secondary school is important for the healthy social, emotional, mental, and physical development of adolescents, especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study utilized three waves of data (2016, 2017, and 2018) from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to examine disparities in extracurricular participation among 12- to 17-year old adolescents with ASD. Across the three waves, data demonstrate clear sociodemographic disparities among adolescents with ASD. These disparities were more evident in adolescents with caregivers that had less education and lower household income, as well as males. These disparities suggest a continued need for targeted interventions to promote engagement among adolescents with ASD to narrow this social disparity gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa C Budavari
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway HH798, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Elise T Pas
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Gazi F Azad
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Heather E Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway HH798, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Loh SY, Ee SI, Marret MJ. Sensory processing and its relationship to participation among childhood occupations in children with autism spectrum disorder: exploring the profile of differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 69:226-237. [PMID: 37025328 PMCID: PMC10071971 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1950484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Autism is a condition manifested by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, and, sensory processing difficulties may further affect childhood-occupation and hinders their overall development. This study examines the sensory-processing and childhood participation of children with autism (6 to 10 years), and 'age/gender-matched typical children as control. The Sensory Processing (SSP) and the Participation of childhood-occupation (PICO) measures were used to collect data from 93 parents of children with autism and 95 parents of typically-developing' children, recruited from hospitals, school and care centres. This study had 74 percent (n = 72) male participants (i.e. 4:1 male to female ratio) in the autism group, and found sensory processing difficulties were associated with specific childhood-participation limitation. Children with autism had lower participation (across level, frequency and enjoyment) than the typical children. Sensory-processing' difficulties for the children with autism (n = 93) were at 68.8 percent, compared to 21.5 percent in the typical group (n = 95), and were significantly different (p < 0.001). The differences in sensory-processing difficulties were significant (p < 0.05) between groups, across all domains, except for movement sensitivity (p > 0.28). Auditory filtering was the sole sensory-processing difficulty with significant correlations with all three dimensions of participation [i.e. difficulty (r = 0.36, p < 0.01), frequency (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) and enjoyment (r = 0.27, p < 0.01)]. Our finding highlighted that auditory-filtering difficulties is a key sensory processing difficulty, and it significantly lower the childhood-participation in the autism group. Adding to a growing body of literature on assessment in autism, there is a need for early screening, and to engage parents in early intervention to improve specific sensory processing deficits but also to focus on the child's strengths, for a comprehensive supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Yim Loh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Im Ee
- Occupational therapy, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Women and Children Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary J. Marret
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Holloway JM, Long TM, Biasini FJ. The intersection of gross motor abilities and participation in children with autism spectrum disorder. INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN 2021; 34:178-189. [PMID: 34211254 PMCID: PMC8240862 DOI: 10.1097/iyc.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate movement difficulties in addition to problems with social communication and interactions, and repetitive or restrictive behaviors. The goal of early intervention for children with disabilities is to promote participation in routines and activities, but little is known about the role gross motor abilities contribute to participation for young children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between gross motor abilities and participation in preschool-aged children with ASD. Twenty-two children with ASD participated in the study. Gross motor skills were measured using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition. Participation was measured using the Preschool Activity Card Sort. Children who had greater gross motor skills also demonstrated greater participation in self-care, high demand leisure, and social interaction activities. Results also identified activities that may be difficult for preschoolers with ASD. Findings suggest that early childhood intervention providers consider the impact of gross motor deficits within the context of participation in daily routines and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Holloway
- School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Toby M Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Fred J Biasini
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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18
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The Impact of Anxiety on the Participation of Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:2958-2969. [PMID: 34196892 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is common in children on the autism spectrum, however its impacts are not fully understood. Participation is an important outcome, linked to the health and wellbeing of children. This study examined the relationship between anxiety and participation using parent reports for 131 children on the autism spectrum, aged 6-13 years. Hierarchical multiple regressions explored child and family factors in relation to participation in Home and Community settings. Anxiety was a unique, significant predictor of the frequency of children's participation (but not involvement in activities) in both settings, when controlling for autism characteristics, communication skills and family income. Anxiety symptomatology may contribute to the less frequent participation of children on the autism spectrum in home and community activities.
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19
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Coffey C, Sheehan D, Faigenbaum AD, Healy S, Lloyd RS, Kinsella S. Comparison of fitness levels between elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder and age-matched neurotypically developing children. Autism Res 2021; 14:2038-2046. [PMID: 34155824 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Low physical fitness is associated with reduced physical activity and increased cardiovascular diseases. To date, limited research has compared physical fitness levels between children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the primary aim was to investigate if differences in fitness levels exist between children with ASD and age-matched neurotypically developing children (ND). The second aim was to examine if age, sex, height and weight could be used to predict potential fitness levels. The third aim was to examine if the developmental trajectory of fitness is comparable between children with ASD and ND children. The modified Eurofit test battery was used to compare fitness levels between 244 children aged 4-13 years old (n = 152 ND and n = 92 ASD). Independent samples t tests and regression analyses were used to investigate differences in fitness levels between the two groups. The results indicated that statistically significant differences exist in fitness levels between children with ASD when compared to ND children across all ages, favoring the ND children, with small to large effect sizes noted (p < 0.05, d = 0.36-1.13). Regression analysis could not accurately predict fitness measurements in children with ASD but could for ND children. The developmental trajectories were significantly delayed on the 20 m sprint and standing broad jump for children with ASD when compared to ND children. Future studies should seek to address the disparities in physical fitness experienced by children with ASD by using relevant neuromuscular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Coffey
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Damien Sheehan
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sean Healy
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Kinsella
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
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20
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Participation in Play and Leisure Activities of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children in Taiwan: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115787. [PMID: 34072276 PMCID: PMC8198266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Participation in enjoyable activities is essential for the health and development of young children with and without disabilities. For preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is limited knowledge regarding their participation in play, learning, recreation, and social activities. This was a preliminary study that compares the participation between children 2–6 years of age with ASD (n = 25) and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) (n = 25) children. The Chinese version of the Assessment of Preschool Children’s Participation (APCP-C) measures participation in play, skill development, active physical recreation, and social activities. Parents of the children in this study completed the APCP-C by structured interview. The results showed that children with ASD had lower participation diversity and intensity than TD children in play activities. A lower percentage of children participating in individual activity was found for children with ASD than TD children in most APCP-C activities. Professionals that serve young children with special needs are encouraged to partner with parents to provide playful and socially enhancing activities for preschool children with ASD.
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21
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Community Participation Comparison Between Adults on the Autism Spectrum and Adults in the General Population. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1610-1621. [PMID: 33966134 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Little research has examined the full-range of participation among adults on the autism spectrum. The current study addresses this knowledge gap by comparing the frequency, importance, breadth, and sufficiency of participation between autistic adults and adults in the general population. Autistic adults participated less, had fewer areas that were important to them, participated in fewer areas that were important to them, and were less satisfied with their participation even after controlling for demographic characteristics. Moreover, this study raises questions about what influences their perceptions about the breadth of activities that are important to them and the degree to which they desire to participate in those areas. Suggestions for future interventions and research are offered.
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22
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Arnell S, Jerlinder K, Geidne S, Lundqvist LO. Experiences of stakeholder collaboration when promoting participation in physical activity among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:1728-1736. [PMID: 33621137 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1887944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various stakeholders contribute to the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents and stakeholders seek collaborative actions but little is still known about such efforts. The purpose of this study was thus to explore how professionals from different services experience stakeholder collaboration when promoting participation in physical activity for these adolescents. METHOD Five focus group discussions were held with 17 professionals from education, health care, community, and sports organizations, engaged in the promotion of physical activity in adolescents with ASD. The data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The discussions revolved around a central theme: Collaboration is needed to promote physical literacy among adolescents with ASD. The professionals though experienced that this collaboration was hampered by the low priority given to physical activity issues within different organizations, by limited resources, lack of knowledge, and unclear roles. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the professionals' different roles, all agreed that physical activity issues need to be prioritized and that each stakeholder needs to acknowledge the shared responsibility of collaboration. However, more clear routines for collaboration that include joined efforts but also highlight the organization-specific responsibilities might enhance the collaborative efforts.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIn-depth understanding of both the adolescents' needs and the environments in which physical activity is promoted is required if participation in physical activity among adolescents with ASD is to be enhanced.Families and professionals within different organizations need to be supported to collaborate when mapping and meeting the adolescents' physical activity needs.Issues regarding developing physical activity habits need to be prioritized.Professionals, such as education, health, and community professionals who are important for the promotion of healthy physical activity habits need to be included in multi-stakeholder meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Arnell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research (SIDR), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Jerlinder
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research (SIDR), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Susanna Geidne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olov Lundqvist
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research (SIDR), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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23
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Sivaratnam C, Devenish B, Chellew T, Papadopoulos N, McGillivray J, Rinehart N. The Influence of Child-Related Factors on Caregiver Perceptions of Their Child's Sustained Participation in a Community Football Program: A Study of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:831. [PMID: 33478064 PMCID: PMC7835921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of activity preference and involvement on season completion in a community-based football program for children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. Caregivers (n = 1428) of 1529 children aged 4 to 17 (M = 7.27, SD = 1.85), with (n = 175) and without (n = 1354) neurodevelopmental disorders who were currently participating or had previously participated in a group-based NAB AFL Auskick football program completed an online survey. The survey collected information on their child's completion of any attempted seasons of the football program, level of involvement during the sessions and preference for football over other sports and activities. Eighty percent of children with a neurodevelopmental diagnosis had completed all seasons of Auskick, compared with 93% of children without a neurodevelopmental diagnosis. Results indicated that children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 135) were 3.71 times less likely to complete a football season than their typically developing peers (n = 903). Higher levels of involvement during football sessions and greater preference for football were linked to a higher football season completion rate, irrespective of neurodevelopmental disability diagnosis. This study highlights the influence of child-related factors, in particular, preference and involvement, on children's sustained participation in community football programs, regardless of neurodevelopmental disability status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Sivaratnam
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (B.D.); (T.C.); (N.P.); (J.M.); (N.R.)
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Bethany Devenish
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (B.D.); (T.C.); (N.P.); (J.M.); (N.R.)
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Tayla Chellew
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (B.D.); (T.C.); (N.P.); (J.M.); (N.R.)
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Nicole Papadopoulos
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (B.D.); (T.C.); (N.P.); (J.M.); (N.R.)
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Jane McGillivray
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (B.D.); (T.C.); (N.P.); (J.M.); (N.R.)
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Nicole Rinehart
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (B.D.); (T.C.); (N.P.); (J.M.); (N.R.)
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
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24
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Sefen JAN, Al-Salmi S, Shaikh Z, AlMulhem JT, Rajab E, Fredericks S. Beneficial Use and Potential Effectiveness of Physical Activity in Managing Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:587560. [PMID: 33192368 PMCID: PMC7642468 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.587560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by poor social and communication skills. Therapeutic interventions are behavioral and educational—normally delivered as structured programs. Several well-established programs exist and most of them do not incorporate physical activity and exercise as core elements. Deficiencies in motor skills are associated with ASD and physical activity has been shown to reduce maladaptive behaviors with autistics. However, the notion of exercise being employed to manage autism is controversial. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews have concluded that physical activity has positive effects on social skills and behavior in young children and adolescents with autism. Activities such as martial arts have been singled out as being particularly beneficial. Established programs such as TEACCH have been successfully modified, as research trials, to be more physical activity-based and have shown positive results. Studies have also reinforced the importance of the role of parental involvement in delivering programs based on physical activity. There is a paucity of research evidence about the long-term effects of physical activity-based interventions. There is also disparity over the detailed nature of the activities and exercises that compose an effective program. Each person with autism has a highly individualized set of symptoms and characteristics for which highly individualized programs are warranted. This is especially true for physical activity programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Al-Salmi
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)-Bahrain, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Zoya Shaikh
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)-Bahrain, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
| | | | - Ebrahim Rajab
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)-Bahrain, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Salim Fredericks
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)-Bahrain, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
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25
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Mason LA, Zimiga BM, Anders-Jefferson R, Paap KR. Autism Traits Predict Self-reported Executive Functioning Deficits in Everyday Life and an Aversion to Exercise. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2725-2750. [PMID: 33043413 PMCID: PMC8254704 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Are Autism Quotient (AQ) scores related to executive functioning (EF)? We sampled 200 students of normal intelligence and examined the relationship between AQ scores and: (a) 5 self-ratings of EF, (b) 5 performance-based measures of EF, and (c) 5 types of activities or experiences that are assumed to recruit EF and sometimes enhance EF. Our findings reveal that as AQ scores increase, self-rated EF ability decreases. AQ scores and self-reported EF measures do not correlate with objective EF task performance. Furthermore, AQ scores were shown to be negatively associated with many specific types of physical activity. As AQ scores increase, individuals report fewer positive reasons for exercise and more rationalizations for not engaging in more exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Mason
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA USA
- Present Address: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Ave., Medford, MA 02155 USA
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26
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Arnell S, Jerlinder K, Lundqvist LO. Parents' perceptions and concerns about physical activity participation among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:2243-2255. [PMID: 32713182 PMCID: PMC7543004 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320942092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have a vital and proactive role in encouraging healthy physical activity habits, and they possess important knowledge about the adolescents’ needs when it comes to enhancing participation in physical activity. But promoting healthy physical activity habits in adolescents can be difficult. The purpose of this study was thus to describe parents’ perceptions of their adolescent child’s participation in physical activity and to describe the parental role in promoting such participation. Twenty-eight parents of adolescents aged 12–16 years with autism spectrum disorder were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. The parents described how challenging participation in physical activities could be for their adolescents. Despite this, they wanted to see their children participate more in physical activity but found the promotion of physical activity to be an overwhelming task that was difficult to cope with on their own. The results reveal a need for support and collaborative efforts among different actors to give these issues increased priority in order to promote the adolescents’ physical activity participation.
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27
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Participation Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities: Findings from the 2011 Survey of Pathway to Diagnosis and Services. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:1210-1223. [PMID: 32648148 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Greater understanding can increase our knowledge and intervention effectiveness for activity participation problems of children with disabilities. We examined participation difficulties of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID) in the 2011 Survey of Pathway to Diagnosis and Services. We utilized propensity score matching with inverse probability of treatment weight with questions from parents of 1783 children aged 6-17 years. Friendship was the most difficult area for all children. Children with both ASD and ID experienced the most difficulty in all areas, followed by ASD alone. Reported levels of home life, friendships, classroom and leisure difficulties were moderately correlated for all children. Children who were previously diagnosed, but have no current diagnosis experienced substantial difficulties.
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28
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Mello S, Alper M, Allen AA. Physician Mediation Theory and Pediatric Media Guidance in the Digital Age: A Survey of Autism Medical and Clinical Professionals. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:955-965. [PMID: 30947543 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1598744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Research on physician mediation suggests that physicians actively discuss media use (e.g., seeking online health information) with their patients. This theory has been limited though with respect to incorporating key behavioral determinants, varied forms of mediation, and samples beyond primary care physicians (MDs). A survey of 335 U.S.-based medical and clinical professionals (MCPs) treating pediatric clients on the autism spectrum (e.g., pediatricians, speech-language pathologists) examined how they advise caregivers about managing their child's recreational media and technology use, also known as media guidance. Results indicate the frequency of these discussions varies by MCP type. Hierarchical regression analyses show, as hypothesized, that additional behavioral and contextual determinants not previously considered (i.e., perceived norms, self-efficacy, information sources and child factors) are significantly associated with positive, negative and redirective mediation practices. Results expand existing theory and justify extending physician mediation research beyond MDs. Implications for clinical practice and health communication research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mello
- Department of Communication Studies, Northeastern University
| | - Meryl Alper
- Department of Communication Studies, Northeastern University
| | - Anna A Allen
- Clinical Care and Research, Puddingstone Place, LLC
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital
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29
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Rios PC, Scharoun Benson SM. Exploring Caregiver Perspectives of Social and Motor Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Impact on Participation. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1260. [PMID: 32636784 PMCID: PMC7318841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation is a key aspect of quality of life and is essential for children's well-being, yet children with disabilities are at risk for lower participation in social activities. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), social skills may present a significant obstacle for participation in activities of daily life; however, motor skill development may also serve an important contributing factor. Nevertheless, the link between social and motor skills in children with ASD is not fully understood. The current research implemented semistructured interviews to garner descriptive insights from caregivers (N = 17) into the social and motor skills of 5- to 9-year-old children with ASD and the impact on participation in social activities. A constant comparative method was used to generate a coherent and thematic representation of caregivers' experiences. Thematic analysis revealed core consistencies in three areas: (1) caregivers viewed participation differently than their children; (2) participation levels of children with ASD are context specific; (3) challenges with social skills were perceived to present a greater obstacle to participation than motor skills. Overall, the notion that ASD is a heterogeneous disorder was made very apparent. Although caregivers believe there to be immense value in current treatment and intervention options, the availability and access to such options was a major barrier. The effectiveness of intervention programming designed to increase participation is contingent on understanding factors that affect participation. Implications concerning caregivers' perspectives are discussed.
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30
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Giserman-Kiss I, Gorenstein M, Feldman E, Rowe M, Grosman H, Weissman J, Rouhandeh A, Wilkinson E, Meyering K, Durkin A, Isenstein E, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD, Siper PM. The Immersive Theater Experience for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 50:1073-1080. [PMID: 31797184 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing public awareness of ASD, many caregivers of children with ASD struggle to find opportunities for participation in community activities with appropriate accommodations. The current study evaluated the experiences of individuals with ASD who attended immersive theater performances specifically designed for individuals with ASD. Parents and teachers of 256 children and adolescents completed questionnaires regarding their pre-show expectations and post-show satisfaction with the performance. Analyses revealed that, on average, parents' and teachers' levels of satisfaction significantly outweighed their pre-show expectations. Based on researcher observations, audience feedback, and past research, a list of best practices for successful theater programming for individuals with ASD was compiled with the goal of widespread dissemination to increase accessibility of theater performances for neurodiverse audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Giserman-Kiss
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Gorenstein
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mikaela Rowe
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Grosman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordana Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audrey Rouhandeh
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Meyering
- College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paige M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Perceived Barriers and Existing Challenges in Participation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: "He Did Not Understand and No One Else Seemed to Understand Him". J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3136-3145. [PMID: 31049788 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Social participation is one of the most important predictors of the children's physical and mental health. Although it is evidenced that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have restricted social participation, it is unclear which factors play a significant role. This research aimed to uncover perceived barriers of social participation by involving 26 stakeholders including parents of children with ASD, youth with ASD, and clinicians working with individuals with ASD in focus groups and interviews. Using thematic analysis yielded three themes including (a) difficulty understanding social situations; (b) maladaptive behaviours; and (c) conflicting priorities and restricted nature of training. This project was the first study to involve key stakeholders to highlight barriers of social participation among individuals with ASD.
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Lamash L, Bedell G, Josman N. Participation patterns of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared to their peers: Parents’ perspectives. Br J Occup Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022619853518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although participation is an important outcome of rehabilitation interventions and a critical indicator of quality of life, few studies have focused on the participation patterns of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in their daily activities or the environmental factors that influence such participation. This study aims to describe the participation characteristics of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing peers in home, school and community and to identify supporting or hindering environmental features. Method The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth was administered to 59 parents of adolescents ( M = 14.51 years) with autism spectrum disorder and a control group of 188 parents of typically developing adolescents in Israel, and the results were compared. Results Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder showed lower participation levels at home and school, and much lower levels in the community, preferring solitary activities that involve technology. Their typically developing peers participated in more activities that involved social interaction skill. In addition, parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder rated more environmental factors as barriers in all environments. Conclusion Participation gaps between adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their typically developing peers should be considered when developing interventions, allocating services and creating policies to meet the unique needs of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Lamash
- Occupational Therapy Department, Tufts University, MA, USA
- Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Gary Bedell
- Occupational Therapy Department, Tufts University, MA, USA
| | - Naomi Josman
- Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
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Holloway JM, Long TM. The Interdependence of Motor and Social Skill Development: Influence on Participation. Phys Ther 2019; 99:761-770. [PMID: 30801638 PMCID: PMC6702414 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Participation is a major outcome area for physical therapists serving young children with disabilities. Contemporary models of disability such as the International Classification of Function, developmental theories such as the system perspective, and evidence-based early childhood practices recognize the interdependence of developmental domains, and suggest that change in 1 area of development influences change in another. Physical therapy provided in naturally occurring activities and routines, considered the preferred service delivery method, promotes participation of young children with disabilities. Research indicates that: (1) children develop skills, become independent, and form relationships through participation; and (2) with developing skills, children can increasingly participate. The purpose of this Perspective article is to synthesize the literature examining the relationship between motor skill development and the social interaction dimension of participation in young children. Current research examining the influence of motor skill development on social interactions in children with autism spectrum disorder will be discussed, exemplifying the interdependence of developmental domains. Implications for physical therapist practice and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby M Long
- Georgetown University, Center for Child and Human Development, Washington, District of Columbia
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34
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Perceptions of Physical Activity Participation Among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Conceptual Model of Conditional Participation. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1792-1802. [PMID: 29236210 PMCID: PMC5889777 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less physically active compared to typically developing peers. The reasons for not being physically active are complex and depend on several factors, which have not been comprehensively described from the adolescent’s perspective. Therefore, the aim was to describe how adolescents with an ASD perceive, experience and reflect on their participation in physical activity. Interviews with 24 adolescents diagnosed with high-functioning ASD, aged 12–16 years, were analysed with qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. They expressed a variety of reasons determining their willingness to participate, which were conceptualized as: Conditional participation in physical activities. The present study presents an alternative perspective on participation in physical activity, with impact on intervention design.
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35
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Caputo G, Ippolito G, Mazzotta M, Sentenza L, Muzio MR, Salzano S, Conson M. Effectiveness of a Multisystem Aquatic Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1945-1956. [PMID: 29313176 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic therapy improves motor skills of persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but its usefulness for treating functional difficulties needs to be verified yet. We tested effectiveness of a multisystem aquatic therapy on behavioural, emotional, social and swimming skills of children with ASD. Multisystem aquatic therapy was divided in three phases (emotional adaptation, swimming adaptation and social integration) implemented in a 10-months-programme. At post-treatment, the aquatic therapy group showed significant improvements relative to controls on functional adaptation (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), emotional response, adaptation to change and on activity level (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). Swimming skills learning was also demonstrated. Multisystem aquatic therapy is useful for ameliorating functional impairments of children with ASD, going well beyond a swimming training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Caputo
- Center for Studies and Research "Caputo & Ippolito - Multisystemic Aquatic Therapy", Casoria, Via Vincenzo Cuoco, 26, 80026, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ippolito
- Center for Studies and Research "Caputo & Ippolito - Multisystemic Aquatic Therapy", Casoria, Via Vincenzo Cuoco, 26, 80026, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Mazzotta
- Center for Studies and Research "Caputo & Ippolito - Multisystemic Aquatic Therapy", Casoria, Via Vincenzo Cuoco, 26, 80026, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sentenza
- Center for Studies and Research "Caputo & Ippolito - Multisystemic Aquatic Therapy", Casoria, Via Vincenzo Cuoco, 26, 80026, Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Rosaria Muzio
- UOMI ASL Naples Third-South, Service of Developmental Neuropsychiatry, District 57, Torre del Greco, Via Marconi, 80059, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Salzano
- Cognitive-Behavioral School of Psychotherapy "Serapide SPEE", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Conson
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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36
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Reinders NJ, Branco A, Wright K, Fletcher PC, Bryden PJ. Scoping Review: Physical Activity and Social Functioning in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychol 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30814964 PMCID: PMC6381857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects ~1 in 59 people in North America and diagnoses continue to rise (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Unfortunately, the exact cause of ASD is unknown and therapy remains the primary means of intervention. People with ASD experience social and behavioral deficits associated with the disorder, which affect all aspects of life such as academics, relationships, and physical activity. Research has shown a relationship between physical activity and social skills in typically developing individuals; however, this relationship is less understood in people with ASD. The purpose of this scoping review was to uncover what is known about ASD, physical activity, and social functioning. The authors searched four databases and included 40 primary research articles in the review, most of which demonstrated a relationship between physical activity and social functioning for people with ASD. The relationship appears bidirectional: social functioning influences physical activity (to a lesser extent) and physical activity influences social functioning (to a greater extent). Regrettably, there were many limitations in these articles, such as small sample sizes and the under-representation of females and adults. Therefore, the review highlights several directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Reinders
- Department of Kinesiology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Branco
- Department of Kinesiology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Wright
- Department of Kinesiology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Paula C Fletcher
- Department of Kinesiology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela J Bryden
- Department of Kinesiology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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37
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Leisure Participation Patterns for School Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:3783-3793. [PMID: 29909498 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Leisure activity participation is important for health and well-being. This study examined similarities and differences between typically developing children and those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from 6 to 17 years old in physical, recreational, social, skill, and jobs/chores activities from a large national database. Findings revealed that children with ASD had significantly lower participation levels than those without ASD between 11 and 17 years old. They suggest an increasing disparity among many types of leisure participation for children and youth with ASD as they age, eventually leading to limited participation in adult activities. They reinforce the importance of intervention at an early age to increase participation in these activities to promote development of skills that contribute to adult competencies.
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38
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Garcia-Pastor T, Salinero JJ, Theirs CI, Ruiz-Vicente D. Obesity Status and Physical Activity Level in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 49:165-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Schiavone N, Szczepanik D, Koutras J, Pfeiffer B, Slugg L. Caregiver Strategies to Enhance Participation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2018; 38:235-244. [PMID: 29991333 DOI: 10.1177/1539449218786713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Participation is necessary for childhood development, however, children with disabilities participate in fewer activities than their nondisabled peers. This study identified strategies caregivers use to increase participation in home- and community-based activities for children with autism spectrum disorder. Survey responses of 44 caregivers were analyzed through open and axial coding to develop a central theme and five broad themes. Caregiver strategies which produce a participation outcome fell into five themes: (a) adapters/facilitators, (b) pragmatic considerations, (c) social reframing, (d) sensory adjustments, and (e) desperate measures. Nonproductive strategies were identified where the child did not participate in the activity. Adaptations/facilitators were more likely used in the home, whereas community-based strategies were more often pragmatic considerations. Nonproductive strategies occurred more frequently in the community. When evaluating a child's participation, occupational therapy (OT) practitioners should take into consideration the context of the activity to identify appropriate and helpful strategies.
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40
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Dovgan KN, Mazurek MO. Relations among activity participation, friendship, and internalizing problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:750-758. [PMID: 29847998 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318775541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder can be challenging, especially during adolescence. In addition, high rates of comorbid internalizing disorders in autism spectrum disorder can lead to social isolation. With limited social activity participation, social deficits and internalizing problems in autism spectrum disorder may be related to participation, exposure, and practice with friends. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relations among friendship, activity participation, and internalizing problems. Participants included 129 children with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Measures of friendship, sport, hobby, and club participation, and internalizing problems were assessed. Results showed that activity participation was related to more friendships, even after controlling for intelligence quotient. This study sheds light on the impact of social engagement with peers in developing and maintaining friendships as well as managing internalizing problems.
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41
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Stiller A, Mößle T. Media Use Among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-018-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Kaljača S, Dučić B, Cvijetić M. Participation of children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders in after-school activities. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2036-2048. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1457092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kaljača
- Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities in Mental Development, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Dučić
- Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities in Mental Development, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Cvijetić
- Department of Social Science, Faculty of Education in Sombor, University of Novi Sad, Sombor, Serbia
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43
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Potvin MC, Prelock PA, Savard L. Supporting Children with Autism and Their Families: A Culturally Responsive Family-Driven Interprofessional Process. Pediatr Clin North Am 2018; 65:47-57. [PMID: 29173719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the Coaching in Context (CinC) process, a family-driven, culturally responsive structure that facilitates family identification and achievement of goals. CinC focuses on modification of the demands of an activity with guidance from a health care professional who coaches the family to increase their participation in everyday activities. An interprofessional team is key in this process. Working as a team and communicating effectively across professions supports the health professional who serves as the coach. Effective interprofessional team collaboration is possible; health professions share values for the delivery of the highest quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A Prelock
- University of Vermont, Dean's Office, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, 106 Carrigan Drive, 105 Rowell Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Liliane Savard
- University of Vermont Zippy Life Physical Therapy pllc, 32 Main Street, Suite 206, Montpelier, VT 05602, USA
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44
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Simpson K, Keen D, Adams D, Alston-Knox C, Roberts J. Participation of children on the autism spectrum in home, school, and community. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:99-107. [PMID: 28664633 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children on the autism spectrum participate less frequently, and in a narrower range of activities, than their nonautistic peers, but little is known about exact participation patterns across contexts or how this is perceived by caregivers. This study aimed to document patterns of participation and caregiver views with regard to frequency and intensity of activities. METHOD Caregivers of children on the spectrum aged 5 (n = 90) and 9-10 years (n = 128) completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth for home, school, and community. Caregivers reported on frequency of child's participation, level of involvement, and caregivers' desire for change in participation patterns. RESULTS Item-level analyses revealed similar patterns of participation across home, school, and community for both cohorts with some small age-appropriate differences. Caregivers generally desired increased diversity, frequency, and involvement in activities but a decreased use of electronics (computers, games, TV, and DVDs). CONCLUSION The possibility of autism-specific participation patterns could inform future interventions aimed at enhancing social inclusion. This warrants further investigation through multiinformant designs that seek the perspectives of the child and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Simpson
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane Qld, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D Keen
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane Qld, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane Qld, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Alston-Knox
- Griffith Social and Behavioural Research College, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J Roberts
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane Qld, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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45
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Ryan S, Fraser-Thomas J, Weiss JA. Patterns of sport participation for youth with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:369-378. [PMID: 28976054 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about sport participation in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The current study examined sport characteristics (frequency, diversity, positive social experiences [PSE]) for youth with ASD and intellectual disability compared to youth with intellectual disability alone and explored the personal and contextual correlates of involvement. METHOD Parents (N = 409) completed an online survey, and multiple mediation analyses were used to examine the factors that explained the relationships between sport involvement in youth with ASD and intellectual disability. RESULTS No significant main effects of ASD status were found for frequency or diversity, but youth with intellectual disability alone had higher scores for PSE compared to youth with ASD and intellectual disability. Sociocommunicative abilities, coach relationship and resources mediated the relationship between ASD status and PSE. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the factors related to sport is essential for allowing families, service providers and policy makers to improve involvement for youth with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ryan
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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46
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47
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Chien CW, Rodger S, Copley J. Differences in patterns of physical participation in recreational activities between children with and without intellectual and developmental disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 67:9-18. [PMID: 28599254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are at risk of experiencing limited participation in recreational activities, where they may be present but not physically engaged. AIM To compare patterns of physical engagement in recreational activities between children with and without IDD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Fifty children with IDD (26 boys, 24 girls; mean age 8.7 years) were matched for age and sex with 50 typically developing children. Parents completed a questionnaire which captured participation in 11 recreational activities involving hand use as an indication of physical engagement. OUTCOME AND RESULTS More than 80% of children in both groups participated physically in eight recreational activities, but fewer children with IDD participated in six activities when compared with typically developing children. Children with IDD also participated less frequently in five activities and required more assistance to participate in all the 11 activities. Parents wanted their child with IDD to participate in 10 recreational activities with less assistance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The difference between the groups related to participation frequency, independence, and parents' desire for changes in their child's participation. Greater efforts are needed to address these differences and to support recreational participation in children with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Chien
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Sylvia Rodger
- Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jodie Copley
- Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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48
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Egilson ST, Jakobsdóttir G, Ólafsdóttir LB. Parent perspectives on home participation of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder compared with a matched group of children without autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 22:560-570. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361316685555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on home participation of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. We employed a mixed-methods design to explore and compare parent perspectives on (1) participation of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in activities at home, (2) the environmental features and resources that affect these children’s home participation and (3) the strategies parents use to help their children participate at home. The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) was used to gather online survey and qualitative data from parents of 99 high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder and 241 children without autism spectrum disorder. Independent sample t-tests and χ2 tests were used to explore differences between groups, and Cohen’s d was calculated to examine effect sizes. Differences were obtained on all Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth dimensions but particularly when comparing parents’ satisfaction and perceived environmental barriers to their children’s participation. The qualitative analyses revealed that parents in both groups used similar strategies to facilitate their children’s participation at home, although parents of children with autism spectrum disorder made use of more distinct modifications. Our results highlight the importance of environmental aspects and point to how practitioners can support families in their efforts to promote their child’s participation at home.
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49
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García-Villamisar D, Dattilo J, Muela C. Effects of therapeutic recreation on adults with ASD and ID: a preliminary randomized control trial. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2017; 61:325-340. [PMID: 27465318 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to examine effects of a therapeutic recreation (TR) program designed to increase executive function (EF), social skills, adaptive behaviours and well-being of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). METHOD A preliminary pre-test, post-test randomized control group experimental design was used to measure effects of a 40-week TR program designed to increase EF (TR-EF). The TR-EF used instructional electronically based games delivered during 200 1-h sessions (5/week). RESULTS Participants (experimental group, n = 19; wait-list group, n = 18) were evaluated at baseline and 10 months later. There was a positive and direct impact of the program on several EF and indirect effect on social skills, adaptive behaviour and personal well-being. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide support for inclusion of EF enrichment as a way to enhance effects of TR interventions for adults with ASD and ID. Preliminary results of this study can be considered in planning TR services in the future. In addition to TR-EF program primary effects on EF, there were indirect benefits on adaptive behaviours, personal well-being and social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- D García-Villamisar
- Universidad Complutense, Department of Personality and Clinical Pschology, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Dattilo
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C Muela
- Asociacion Nuevo Horizonte, Technical Direction, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Tint A, Maughan AL, Weiss JA. Community participation of youth with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2017; 61:168-180. [PMID: 27492816 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community participation is associated with a range of positive developmental outcomes; however, the frequency, depth and resources associated with participation for youth with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not well understood. METHOD Caregivers of 212 youth with ASD and ID and only ID, aged 11-22 years, completed an online survey. Comparisons were made of caregiver reports of diversity and frequency of participation, levels of participation involvement and related environmental barriers and supports. RESULTS The diversity and frequency of community participation of youth with ASD and ID approximated that of youth with ID only. Youth with ASD and ID were reported to be significantly less involved in the community activities in which they participated. Environmental features, and in particular, the social demands of community-based activities, were significant barriers to youths' participation. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights individual and environmental factors amenable to intervention that may foster successful community participation among youth with ASD and ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tint
- York University, Department of Psychology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A L Maughan
- York University, Department of Psychology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J A Weiss
- York University, Department of Psychology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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