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Wilkinson E, Farmer C, Kleiman E, Bal VH. Factor structure of the VABS-3 Comprehensive Parent/Caregiver form in autistic individuals: Poor fit of three-factor and unidimensional models. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:616-626. [PMID: 37300413 PMCID: PMC10710520 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231179288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Adaptive behavior is a broad set of skills needed to function in everyday life. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-3) is commonly used to measure adaptive behavior. It divides adaptive behavior into three domains, Communication, Daily Living Skills, and Socialization, each of which are split into subdomains. Analyses of this three-part structure of the first version of VABS used the instrument as an interview, but now it is done as a questionnaire as well. The structure has not been well supported in samples of autistic people, who often have different strengths and challenges in adaptive behavior compared with non-autistic people. Because adaptive behavior is an important concept in autism research and online-administered questionnaires are increasingly common, it is important to ensure the structure of the VABS-3 Comprehensive Parent/Caregiver Form (VABS-3:CPCF; a questionnaire) works well for autistic individuals across a range of abilities. This study aimed to investigate whether VABS-3:CPCF measures adaptive behavior similarly in verbal and minimally verbal autistic people. However, the data didn't fit the structure in the first step of the analysis, so this could not be investigated. The next analyses also found the three-domain structure didn't fit in different age and language groups. In addition, the data didn't fit a structure combining all the domains into 1 (unidimensional). These results suggest that neither the three-factor or unidimensional structure fit the VABS-3:CPCF, cautioning against interpretation of domain or overall adaptive behavior composite scores in autistic individuals and further encouraging careful consideration of administration format.
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Chinoy A, Nicholson J, Skae M, Hannan FM, Thakker RV, Mughal MZ, Padidela R. Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in Patients with Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Type 3. J Pediatr 2023:S0022-3476(23)00126-9. [PMID: 36868303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence and degree of any neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 3 (FHH3). STUDY DESIGN A formal neurodevelopmental assessment was performed in children diagnosed with FHH3. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, which is a standardized parent report assessment tool for adaptive behavior, was used to assess communication, social skills, and motor function and to generate a composite score. RESULTS Six patients were diagnosed with hypercalcemia between 0.1 and 8 years of age. All had neurodevelopmental abnormalities in childhood consisting of either global developmental delay, motor delay, expressive speech disturbances, learning difficulties, hyperactivity, or autism spectrum disorder. Four out of the 6 probands had a composite Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales SDS of < -2.0, indicating adaptive malfunctioning. Significant deficits were observed in the domains of communication (mean SDS: -2.0, P < .01), social skills (mean SDS: -1.3, P < .05), and motor skills (mean SDS: 2.6, P < .05). Individuals were equally affected across domains, with no clear genotype-phenotype correlation. All family members affected with FHH3 also described evidence of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, including mild-to-moderate learning difficulties, dyslexia, and hyperactivity. CONCLUSION Neurodevelopmental abnormalities appear to be a highly penetrant and common feature of FHH3, and early detection is warranted to provide appropriate educational support. This case series also supports consideration of serum calcium measurement as part of the diagnostic work-up in any child presenting with unexplained neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amish Chinoy
- Paediatric Endocrine Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Jacqueline Nicholson
- Paediatric Psychosocial Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mars Skae
- Paediatric Endocrine Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Zulf Mughal
- Paediatric Endocrine Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raja Padidela
- Paediatric Endocrine Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Federici S, Balboni G, Buracchi A, Barbanera F, Pierini A. WHODAS-Child: psychometric properties of the WHODAS 2.0 for children and youth among Italian children with autism spectrum disorder. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 45:1713-1719. [PMID: 35532030 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A contribution to the Italian adaptation of the original English version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 for children and youth (WHODAS-Child), proxy-administered among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational and retrospective study with within-dependent variables by cross-sectional sampling on psychometric properties (internal consistency and construct/criterion validity) of the 36- and 7-item versions of the Italian WHODAS-Child. The original English version was translated into Italian, also considering the Italian version of the WHODAS 2.0 for adults. The Italian questionnaire was then translated back into English. All authors compared the original and back-translated English versions. The sample was collected among parents and clinicians of 100 children with ASD. To assess convergent/divergent validity, the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule (ADOS) was also administered. RESULTS Cronbach's α for both versions' total scores was good. WHODAS-Child also showed a positive correlation with the three DSM-5 levels of impairment. A pattern of correlations with the ADOS was found for all domains of the WHODAS-Child except for the mobility and self-care domains. CONCLUSIONS The WHODAS-Child Italian proxy-administered version has the potential to be a reliable and valid tool to measure functional impairment in children with ASD. Implications for rehabilitationWorld Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 for children and youth (WHODAS-Child) has shown to be sensitive in detecting children and youth functioning in the domains of activity and participation.WHODAS-Child Italian version seems to be a reliable and valid tool to measure the functional impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder.A critical issue for rehabilitation is that a single "minimal clinically important difference" score for the WHODAS-Child has not yet been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Federici
- Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Allegra Buracchi
- Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbanera
- Center of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Psychology of Developmental Age, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angiolo Pierini
- Center of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Psychology of Developmental Age, Perugia, Italy
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Hoffmann A, Thurman AJ, Sterling A, Kover ST, Finestack L, Berry-Kravis E, Edgin JO, Drayton A, Fombonne E, Abbeduto L. Analysis of a Repetitive Language Coding System: Comparisons between Fragile X Syndrome, Autism, and Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:575. [PMID: 35624962 PMCID: PMC9139711 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expressive language sampling (ELS) is a frequently used tool for language analysis, as it can be used across widely ranging cognitive and language abilities. ELS can also evaluate pragmatic language, including excessive self-repetition, which is challenging to assess with traditional standardized assessments. This study explored how a well-established ELS protocol can assess three types of linguistic self-repetition in three neurodevelopmental disabilities: fragile X syndrome (FXS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and Down syndrome (DS). We examined its ability to differentiate between these disorders, the relationships between repetitive language and other participant characteristics, and initial construct validity. We found that the groups with FXS and ASD differed significantly on each of the three repetitive language measure, and that the group with DS differed from either ASD or FXS on two. Cognitive ability was significantly related to phrase repetition in the group with ASD. When the groups were combined, there was evidence of convergent and divergent validity. This study extends previous research on ELS and supports its use as a means to characterize pragmatic language. It also provides information about the relationships between repetitive language and other phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hoffmann
- Departments of Communication Disorders and Sciences and Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Angela John Thurman
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.J.T.); (A.D.); (L.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Audra Sterling
- Waisman Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Sara T. Kover
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Lizabeth Finestack
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Jamie O. Edgin
- Department of Psychology and Sonoran UCEDD, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Andrea Drayton
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.J.T.); (A.D.); (L.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.J.T.); (A.D.); (L.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Glover M, Liddle M, Fassler C, Duncan A. Microanalysis of Daily Living Skills in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder without an intellectual disability. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05495-1. [PMID: 35437677 PMCID: PMC10108580 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without an intellectual disability (ID) have daily living skills (DLS) that fall below their chronological age and affect their ability to achieve successful adult outcomes, but little is known about their specific DLS challenges. Utilizing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd Edition (VABS-3) in a sample of 151 adolescents with ASD without an ID, we explored the VABS-3 DLS domain, subdomains, interview topics, and individual items. Results indicated that Community DLS was a relative strength, followed by Domestic DLS, and then Personal DLS. Adolescents with ASD demonstrated significant challenges in many age appropriate DLS subdomain interview topics and individual items, indicating a need for interventions to increase acquisition of DLS to improve adult outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Glover
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melissa Liddle
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carrie Fassler
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amie Duncan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States. .,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Rattaz C, Loubersac J, Michelon C, Geoffray MM, Picot MC, Munir K, Baghdadli A. Factors associated with age of diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorders: Report from a French cohort. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:2108-2116. [PMID: 35257591 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221077724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder is an early onset neurodevelopmental disorder and diagnosis can be made as early as 18 months of age. Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is critical as it leads to early intervention. Age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis has been linked to the child profile as autism spectrum disorder is characterized by strong heterogeneity, but is also influenced by socio-economic factors. There is paucity of data on age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in France. We therefore examined the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in 554 children and adolescents enrolled in the ELENA cohort study with respect to the influences of child profile, family antecedents, and socio-economic factors. The mean age of diagnosis was 4.9 years (±2.8 years). Early diagnosis, before 3 years of age, was related to the co-occurrence of intellectual disability, higher autism spectrum disorder symptom severity, and lower communicative abilities. Children in low socio-economic status families tended to have an earlier diagnosis, but these children also had greater degree of intellectual impairment compared to children in high socio-economic status families. The age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was not associated with the presence of an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder. The observed current trend of an inverse relationship between socio-economic status and age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder suggests equitable access to autism spectrum disorder services in France where health coverage is universal and free. Better screening of more subtle/less severe forms of autism spectrum disorder is needed, as well as further assessment of the link between the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual impairment in children in lower socio-economic status families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amaria Baghdadli
- CHU Montpellier, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Université de Montpellier, France
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Calderoni S. Sex/gender differences in children with autism spectrum disorder: A brief overview on epidemiology, symptom profile, and neuroanatomy. J Neurosci Res 2022; 101:739-750. [PMID: 35043482 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions whose shared core features are impairments in social interaction and communication as well as restricted patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The significant and consistent male preponderance in ASD prevalence has historically affected the scientific knowledge of autism in females as regards, inter alia, the clinical presentation, the genetic architecture, and the structural brain underpinnings. Indeed, females with ASD are under-investigated as samples recruited for clinical research typically reflect the strong male bias of the disorder. In the last years, the study of the various aspects of sex/gender (s/g) differences in ASD is gaining increased clinical and research interest resulting in a growing number of investigations on this topic. Here, I review and discuss evidence emerged from epidemiological, clinical, and neuroimaging studies in the last decade focusing on s/g differences in children with ASD. These studies are the prerequisites for the development of assessment and treatment practices which take into consideration s/g differences in ASD. Ultimately, a better understanding of s/g differences aims at improving healthcare for both ASD males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Ke X, Song W, Yang M, Li J, Liu W. Effectiveness of music therapy in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:905113. [PMID: 36276324 PMCID: PMC9582596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.905113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to investigated the efficacy of music therapy (MT) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via a meta-analysis that comprehensively evaluated data from all eligible research in this field. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to October 2021 to identify studies that administered MT to children with ASD. RESULTS Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 608 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that MT was associated with a significant increase in social reactions among children with ASD (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.03, 0.46], I 2 = 0%, P = 0.03). However, MT did not elicit a significant increase in symptom severity (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI [-0.04,0.38], I 2 = 0%,P = 0.12), social adaptive behavior (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.44,0.48], I 2 = 0%,P = 0.93) or speech (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.39, 0.47], I 2 = 0%, P = 0.86) in children with ASD. CONCLUSION MT can improve social skills in children with ASD; however, there does not seem to be a consensus on the persistence of its effects. These findings can inform clinical practice. Promoting the use of MT in children with ASD and improving its symptoms are the ultimate goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ke
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Operto FF, Pastorino GMG, Scuoppo C, Padovano C, Vivenzio V, Pistola I, Belfiore G, Rinaldi R, de Simone V, Coppola G. Adaptive Behavior, Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Parental Stress in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:751465. [PMID: 34899160 PMCID: PMC8660640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.751465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to compare adaptive skills, emotional/behavioral problems, and parental stress among children with different severity levels of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms. Methods: This study included a sample of 88 subjects with ASD (mean age = 6.00 ± 2.70). All subjects underwent standardized neuropsychological tests for the assessment of symptoms of the autism spectrum (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition), adaptive level (The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Survey Interview, 2nd edition), behavioral and emotional problems (Child Behavior CheckList CBCL), and parental stress (Parental Stress Index Short Form-PSI-SF). Non-parametric statistical methods (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test for post hoc analysis) and linear regression analysis were used in this study. Results: Children who had higher severity levels of ASD symptoms had less adaptive functioning; younger children showed more severe symptoms of ASD; older children had better communication skills. The presence of greater adaptive difficulties was related to a greater presence of internalizing problems. An increase in parental stress levels was related to an higher severity of ASD symptoms, fewer adaptive skills, and a greater presence of internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusion: This study suggests that the adaptive behavior should be considered in order to planning a habilitation intervention in children with autism. It is also important to monitor emotional/behavioral problems and parental stress levels in order to provide parenting support and improve the family quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Scuoppo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Padovano
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Vivenzio
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pistola
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gilda Belfiore
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rosetta Rinaldi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valeria de Simone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Girard D, Courchesne V, Degré-Pelletier J, Letendre C, Soulières I. Assessing global developmental delay across instruments in minimally verbal preschool autistic children: The importance of a multi-method and multi-informant approach. Autism Res 2021; 15:103-116. [PMID: 34704349 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual assessment in preschool autistic children bears many challenges, particularly for those who have lower language and/or cognitive abilities. These challenges often result in underestimation of their potential or exclusion from research studies. Understanding how different instruments and definitions used to identify autistic preschool children with global developmental delay (GDD) affect sample composition is critical to advance research on this understudied clinical population. This study set out to examine the extent to which using different instruments to define GDD affects sample composition and whether different definitions affect resultant cognitive and adaptive profiles. Data from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition, a parent-report tool, were analyzed in a sample of 64 autistic and 73 neurotypical children (28-69 months). Our results highlight that cognitive assessment alone should not be used in clinical or research practices to infer a comorbid diagnosis of GDD, as it might lead to underestimating autistic children's potential. Instead, using both adaptive and cognitive levels as a stratification method to create subgroups of children with and without GDD might be a promising approach to adequately differentiate them, with less risk of underestimating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Girard
- Autism Research Group, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'ïle-de-Montréal, Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Courchesne
- Autism Research Group, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'ïle-de-Montréal, Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada.,Center for Addiction and Mental Health and The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janie Degré-Pelletier
- Autism Research Group, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'ïle-de-Montréal, Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Camille Letendre
- Autism Research Group, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'ïle-de-Montréal, Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Soulières
- Autism Research Group, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'ïle-de-Montréal, Hôpital en santé mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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11
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Wicks R, Westerveld M, Stainer M, Paynter J. Prompting visual attention to print versus pictures during shared book reading with digital storybooks for preschoolers with ASD compared to TD peers. Autism Res 2021; 15:254-269. [PMID: 34636486 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prompting children to look at print and picture content during shared book reading (SBR) facilitates joint attention and early language and literacy learning opportunities for typically developing (TD) children. Whether preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) respond similarly to bids for joint attention during SBR and how autism characteristics impact upon their responsiveness is currently unclear. This is important given these children are at risk of persistent language and literacy challenges. To address this, we examined the effects of prompts that were solely verbal versus verbal with pointing on visual attention to print and picture targets during SBR with digital storybooks for 34 children with ASD and 27 TD peers. Children with ASD looked as frequently at print targets, but less frequently at picture targets, when prompted compared to TD peers. Both prompt types showed similar effects in shifting children's visual attention to print and picture targets at group level. When groups were combined, autism characteristics influenced children's responsiveness to verbal versus verbal with pointing prompts to print targets, but not to picture targets; children looked more frequently at print targets as autism characteristics increased when verbal prompts were used, with a large effect shown (d = 0.91). Overall, findings suggest that prompting children with ASD to look at print and pictures during SBR with digital storybooks may be helpful in facilitating joint attention to storybook content. Implications for the development of effective early interventions aimed at providing emergent literacy support for children with ASD are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: We looked at how prompting impacted upon where children with autism look during shared book reading with digital storybooks compared to children without autism using eye-tracking. We found the target (pictures or print) was what mattered and number of autism characteristics impacted how responsive children were to different types of prompts. This helps us to understand how prompting may help children with autism to look at print or pictures during shared book reading which could support language or reading interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Wicks
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marleen Westerveld
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Stainer
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Paynter
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Gagnon D, Zeribi A, Douard É, Courchesne V, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Huguet G, Jacquemont S, Loum MA, Mottron L. Bayonet-shaped language development in autism with regression: a retrospective study. Mol Autism 2021; 12:35. [PMID: 33985558 PMCID: PMC8117564 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Language delay is one of the major referral criteria for an autism evaluation. Once an autism spectrum diagnosis is established, the language prognosis is among the main parental concerns. Early language regression (ELR) is observed by 10–50% of parents but its relevance to late language level and socio-communicative ability is uncertain. This study aimed to establish the predictive value of ELR on the progression of language development and socio-communicative outcomes to guide clinicians in addressing parents’ concerns at the time of diagnosis. Methods We used socio-communicative, language, and cognitive data of 2,047 autism spectrum participants from the Simons Simplex Collection, aged 4–18 years (mean = 9 years; SD = 3.6). Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of ELR on language milestones and the probability of using complex and flexible language, as defined by the choice of ADOS module at enrollment. Linear models were then used to evaluate the relationship of ELR and non-verbal IQ with socio-communicative and language levels. Results ELR is associated with earlier language milestones but delayed attainment of fluent, complex, and flexible language. However, this language outcome can be expected for almost all autistic children without intellectual disability at 18 years of age. It is mostly influenced by non-verbal IQ, not ELR. The language and socio-communicative level of participants with flexible language, as measured by the Vineland and ADOS socio-communicative subscales, was not affected by ELR. Limitations This study is based on a relatively coarse measure of ultimate language level and relies on retrospective reporting of early language milestones and ELR. It does not prospectively document the age at which language catches up, the relationship between ELR and other behavioral areas of regression, nor the effects of intervention. Conclusions For autistic individuals with ELR and a normal level of non-verbal intelligence, language development follows a “bayonet shape” trajectory: early first words followed by regression, a plateau with limited progress, and then language catch up. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-021-00444-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gagnon
- Research Center of the CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital Rivière-Des-Prairies, 7070, Boul. Perras, Montreal, QC, H2E 1A4, Canada.,Department of psychiatry, University of Montreal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Abderrahim Zeribi
- University of Montreal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Élise Douard
- University of Montreal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Valérie Courchesne
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Avenue de Beaumont 23, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- University of Montreal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- University of Montreal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Mor Absa Loum
- University of Montreal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Laurent Mottron
- Research Center of the CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital Rivière-Des-Prairies, 7070, Boul. Perras, Montreal, QC, H2E 1A4, Canada. .,Department of psychiatry, University of Montreal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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13
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Forbes G, Lord C, Elias R, Pickles A. Predicting Uncertain Multi-Dimensional Adulthood Outcomes From Childhood and Adolescent Data in People Referred to Autism Services. Front Psychol 2021; 12:594462. [PMID: 33633633 PMCID: PMC7900001 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.594462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder is a highly heterogeneous diagnosis. When a child is referred to autism services or receives a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder it is not known what their potential adult outcomes could be. We consider the challenge of making predictions of an individual child’s long-term multi-facetted adult outcome, focussing on which aspects are predictable and which are not. Methods We used data from 123 adults participating in the Autism Early Diagnosis Cohort. Participants were recruited from age 2 and followed up repeatedly through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. We predicted 14 adult outcome measures including cognitive, behavioral and well-being measures. Continuous outcomes were modeled using lasso regression and ordinal outcomes were modeled using proportional odds regression. Optimism corrected predictive performance was calculated using cross-validation or bootstrap. We also illustrated the prediction of an overall composite formed by weighting outcome measures by priorities elicited from parents. Results We found good predictive performance from age 9 for verbal and non-verbal IQ, and daily living skills. Predictions for symptom severity, hyperactivity and irritability improved with inclusion of behavioral data collected in adolescence but remained modest. For other outcomes covering well-being, depression, and positive and negative affect we found no ability to predict adult outcomes at any age. Predictions of composites based on parental priorities differed in magnitude and precision depending on which parts of the adult outcome were given more weight. Conclusion Verbal and non-verbal IQ, and daily living skills can be predicted well from assessments made in childhood. For other adult outcomes, it is challenging to make meaningful predictions from assessments made in childhood and adolescence using the measures employed in this study. Future work should replicate and validate the present findings in different samples, investigate whether the availability of different measures in childhood and adolescence can improve predictions, and consider systematic differences in priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Forbes
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Lord
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Elias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Chericoni N, Balboni G, Costanzo V, Mancini A, Prosperi M, Lasala R, Tancredi R, Scattoni ML, Muratori F, Apicella F. A Combined Study on the Use of the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5 for Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorders at 18 Months. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3829-3842. [PMID: 33394248 PMCID: PMC8510940 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5 (CBCL 1½-5) to identify children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at 18 months was tested on 37 children clinically referred for ASD and 46 children at elevated likelihood of developing ASD due to having an affected brother/sister. At 30 months the clinically referred children all received a confirmatory diagnosis, and 10 out of 46 siblings received a diagnosis of ASD. CBCL 1½-5 profiles were compared with a group of matched children with typical development (effect of cognitive level controlled for). The capacity of the CBCL 1½-5 DSM Oriented-Pervasive Developmental Problems scale to differentiate correctly between children diagnosed with ASD and children with typical development appeared dependent on group ascertainment methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chericoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Valeria Costanzo
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Mancini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Lasala
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno, 331, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Individual and Environmental Factors Affecting Adaptive Behavior of Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of Parents' Socio-cultural Level. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:3469-3482. [PMID: 33355882 PMCID: PMC8460517 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of environmental factors [including Socio-Economic Status, Cultural Capital, and Social Capital (Socio-Cultural Level) of both parents] on the Vineland-II adaptive behavior dimensions of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in addition to individual factors, was investigated in 148 Italian toddlers (82% males), aged 18 to 37 months with ASD. Toddlers’ age and Griffiths Mental Development Scales general development affected all of the adaptive behavior dimensions, with negative and positive associations, respectively. The Child Behavior Checklist comorbid conditions were negatively associated with some adaptive behavior dimensions while the ADOS-2 Social affect only with the communication dimension. Mothers’ and fathers’ specific Socio-Cultural Level dimensions were positively associated with toddlers’ specific adaptive behavior dimensions with the same magnitude as comorbid conditions.
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16
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Alfieri P, Scibelli F, Digilio MC, Novello RL, Caciolo C, Valeri G, Vicari S. Comparison of Adaptive Functioning in Children with Williams Beuren Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Syndrome Study. Autism Res 2020; 14:748-758. [PMID: 33314766 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Williams Beuren syndrome (WBS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been long considered as "polar opposite" disorders. Although children with WBS appears to be hypersociable, recent researches have revealed difficulties in socio-communicative skills such as shared attention, showing or giving objects, social relationships comprehension, pragmatic use of language, and emotion's recognition. The aim of this cross-syndrome study is to compare clinician-report adaptive profiles of two wide developmental range children by means of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Interview Edition, Survey Form. Eighty individuals, 40 with WBS and 40 with ASD (31 preschoolers and 49 scholars) with ASD and WBS matched for chronological age and developmental/cognitive level were recruited. Analysis of domains and subdomains have been reported. Results showed no significant difference in global adaptive level between WBS and ASD in both preschooler and scholar children. Communication domain significantly differ in preschoolers (higher in WBS children), but not in scholars. Expressive subdomain significantly differ in both preschoolers and scholars (higher in WBS children). Play and Leisure subdomain significantly differ in scholars (higher in WBS children), but not in preschoolers. Our results support hypothesis on a shared global adaptive impairment in children with WBS and ASD, by extending this findings to scholar-age children. Analysis of domains and subdomains differences highlight the need for interventions targeting social-pragmatic skills since first years of life. Differences in preschoolers and scholars adaptive profiles could be explained through a developmental perspective. LAY SUMMARY: Little is known about differences in adaptive profiles between Williams Beuren syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Our results show similarities in global adaptive level and difference in communication level. Furthermore, expressive skills seem to be higher in Williams Beuren Syndrome. Autism Res 2021, 14: 748-758. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Alfieri
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Scibelli
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta L Novello
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Caciolo
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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17
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Nguyen Thanh L, Nguyen HP, Ngo MD, Bui VA, Dam PTM, Bui HTP, Ngo DV, Tran KT, Dang TTT, Duong BD, Nguyen PAT, Forsyth N, Heke M. Outcomes of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation combined with interventional education for autism spectrum disorder. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:14-26. [PMID: 32902182 PMCID: PMC7780798 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation combined with educational intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. An open‐label clinical trial was performed from July 2017 to August 2019 at Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Thirty children who fulfilled the autism criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and had Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores >37 were selected. Bone marrow was harvested by anterior iliac crest puncture under general anesthesia. The volume collected was as follows: 8 mL/kg for patients under 10 kg (80 mL + [body weight in kg − 10] × 7 mL) for patients above 10 kg. Mononuclear cells were isolated with a Ficoll gradient and then infused intrathecally. The same procedure was repeated 6 months later. After the first transplantation, all patients underwent 8 weeks of educational intervention based on the Early Start Denver Model. There were no severe adverse events associated with transplantation. The severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was significantly reduced, with the median CARS score decreasing from 50 (range 40‐55.5) to 46.5 (range 33.5‐53.5) (P < .05). Adaptive capacity increased, with the median Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales score rising from 53.5 to 60.5. Social communication, language, and daily skills improved markedly within 18 months after transplantation. Conversely, repetitive behaviors and hyperactivity decreased remarkably. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in combination with behavioral intervention was safe and well tolerated in children with ASD (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03225651).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem Nguyen Thanh
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang-Phuong Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duy Ngo
- Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Viet Anh Bui
- Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong T M Dam
- Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Doan Van Ngo
- Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trung Tran
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Binh Duc Duong
- Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nicholas Forsyth
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Michael Heke
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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18
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Balboni G, Rebecchini G, Elisei S, Tassé MJ. Factors affecting the relationship between adaptive behavior and challenging behaviors in individuals with intellectual disability and co-occurring disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 104:103718. [PMID: 32585440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between adaptive behavior and challenging behaviors in individuals with ID. However, it is unclear which characteristics might influence this relationship in individuals with ID and co-occurring conditions. We found a positive correlation between adaptive behavior (Vineland-II) and challenging behaviors (Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form) in a study of 105 individuals who presented with mostly severe to profound ID and comorbid physical and mental health conditions. These results might be the consequence of the individual participant characteristics. Therefore, participants were separated out into two groups representing the top (n = 24) and bottom quartiles (n = 28) for presence of challenging behaviors. The participants with the highest levels of challenging behaviors had higher levels of adaptive behavior, higher frequency of intermittent explosive/conduct disorder, but lower frequency of epilepsy and cerebral palsy. All participants with the highest levels of challenging behaviors lived in an institutional setting; whereas, those with the lowest level of challenging behaviors lived in either an institutional setting or with their family. In participants with severe/profound ID and multiple co-occurring disorders, a minimum level of adaptive behavior seems to be necessary for the expression of challenging behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandro Elisei
- Serafico Institute of Assisi, Research Centre "InVita", Assisi, PG, Italy
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19
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Farmer RL, Floyd RG, McNicholas PJ. Is the Vineland-3 Comprehensive Interview Form a Multidimensional or Unidimensional Scale? Structural Analysis of Subdomain Scores Across Early Childhood to Adulthood. Assessment 2020; 28:1848-1864. [PMID: 32762343 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120947804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As the Vineland Scales are among the most relevant, well-developed, and popular measures of adaptive behavior available for use, this study evaluated the factor structure and dimensionality of the Vineland-3 Comprehensive Interview Form. Drawing data from 2,560 participants in the norming sample, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were completed across two independent samples from four age-groups ranging from preschool-age children to adults. Results from exploratory factor analysis revealed evidence for a unidimensional model across age-groups, but results from confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional models were better fitting than unidimensional models for each age-group. Discussion focuses on whether the Vineland-3 Comprehensive Interview Form is truly a unidimensional or multidimensional measure.
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20
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Phase 2 and Later of COVID-19 Lockdown: Is it Possible to Perform Remote Diagnosis and Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder? An Online-Mediated Approach. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061850. [PMID: 32545809 PMCID: PMC7357157 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is still in phase 2. The lockdown has been significantly reduced compared to phase 1. The centers and institutions that deal with the diagnosis and intervention of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require rapid functional adaptation to respond to patients’ needs. The possibility of using technology to activate and manage diagnostic (preliminary diagnosis) and intervention processes should be explored. Two developed telemedicine working models for diagnosis and intervention, including synchronous and asynchronous transmissions, are presented. They are proposals not yet supported by the data. The diagnosis step is composed by two different and consecutives phases: (A) pre-specialistic consultation (PSC) and (B) specialistic assessment. The intervention step implemented well-recognized evidence-based models for preschoolers, school-aged, and older children in an online format. Parents’ support is also included. The described working models have the purpose of carrying out preliminary specialistic answers to the families without aiming to replace preferable in-person assessment. Based on previous research findings, the telemedicine approach is accepted by parents, increases their sense of competence, increases the parent intervention adhesion, and improves the social communication competencies for children with ASD. In conclusion, the presented working models must be considered partial responses to the current emergency status and at the same time as possible integrations into traditional approaches.
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21
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Odeh CE, Gladfelter AL, Stoesser C, Roth S. Comprehensive motor skills assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder yields global deficits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 68:290-300. [PMID: 35602998 PMCID: PMC9122380 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1764241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display motor deficits, the nature of these motor deficits remains unspecified. The purpose of this study was to establish a robust motor profile in children with ASD across a wider range of motor skills by using two professionally administered standardized motor assessments alongside a parent report measure to capture a comprehensive view of motor performance compared to a group of neurotypical peers. METHODS Complex motor skills, balance and global motor performance were compared in twenty-four children, between the ages of 5-12 years, split into two groups: ASD and typically developing. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2) were used to examine skill performance. Motor proficiency was also collected using the parent/caregiver form of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd edition (Vineland-3). RESULTS Children with ASD presented with significant differences in complex motor skills, balance skills, and global motor performance when compared to their neurotypical peers across all three measures. CONCLUSION This preliminary study indicated that the children with ASD had greater difficulty with global motor performance, including more difficulty performing complex motor tasks and balance tasks compared to their neurotypical peers. The parents of the children with ASD reported decreased proficiency of motor skills. Overall, the children with ASD demonstrated deficits performing tasks that targeted strength, speed, agility, coordination and both static and dynamic balance. While manifestations of motor skill deficits specific to the ASD population are variable, physical therapists should be included in the ongoing assessment and implementation of comprehensive therapeutic plans for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. Odeh
- Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health & Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Allison L. Gladfelter
- Speech-Language Pathology, School of Allied Health & Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Carolyn Stoesser
- Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health & Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
- Speech-Language Pathology, School of Allied Health & Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Roth
- Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health & Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
- Speech-Language Pathology, School of Allied Health & Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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22
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Balboni G, Mumbardó‐Adam C, Coscarelli A. Influence of adaptive behaviour on the quality of life of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 33:584-594. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Cristina Mumbardó‐Adam
- University Ramon Llull Barcelona Spain
- Open University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
- University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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23
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Gubbiotti M, Balboni G, Bini V, Elisei S, Bedetti C, Marchiafava M, Giannantoni A. Bladder and bowel dysfunction, adaptive behaviour and psychiatric profiles in adults affected by autism spectrum disorders. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:1866-1873. [PMID: 31270838 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) have been recognized in children affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no consistent information exist in adults with the condition. We evaluated the prevalence of BBD and the impact of psychiatric and behavioural profiles in adults affected by ASD. METHODS Twenty-two adults and 13 children/teens with ASD and a matched group of typically developing subjects (TD) were prospectively studied. Patients and TD subjects underwent the evaluation of urinary incontinence (UI: diurnal, continuous or intermittent), nocturnal enuresis (NE), and bowel disturbances with the 3-day voiding and bowel diary. In addition, assessment of intellectual disability (ID) and psychiatric and adaptive behaviours with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Scale (NPI) and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale 2nd Edition (Vineland-II), was performed. RESULTS In adults, any type of incontinence was observed in 81.8% of cases, and NE and intermittent UI in 59.0% and 36.3% of patients, respectively. Faecal incontinence and constipation were detected 36.3% and in 68.1% of cases, respectively. ID was severe in 2 cases and profound in 18; NPI and Vineland-II items most affected were "Irritability/Lability," "Motor Activity," and "Agitation," and IQ-Socialization and IQ-Communication. Significant relationships were identified between intermittent UI and greater ID (P < .02) and high "anxiety" (P < .05), and between NE and high "euphoria/elevated mood" (P < .05). These results were similar to those observed in children/teens. CONCLUSIONS Adults with ASD, and greater ID and mood disorders, present with a high prevalence of BBD. A shared pathogenetic mechanism could underlie the co-occurrence of ASD, mood disorders, and BBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gubbiotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Serafico Institute of Assisi, Research Centre "InVita", Assisi (PG), Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bini
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandro Elisei
- Serafico Institute of Assisi, Research Centre "InVita", Assisi (PG), Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bedetti
- Serafico Institute of Assisi, Research Centre "InVita", Assisi (PG), Perugia, Italy
| | - Moreno Marchiafava
- Serafico Institute of Assisi, Research Centre "InVita", Assisi (PG), Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Giannantoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Functional and Surgical Urology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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24
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Tassé MJ, Balboni G, Navas P, Luckasson R, Nygren MA, Belacchi C, Bonichini S, Reed GM, Kogan CS. Developing behavioural indicators for intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for ICD-11 disorders of intellectual development. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:386-407. [PMID: 30628126 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present the work conducted to arrive at deriving behavioural indicators that could be used to guide clinical judgement in determining the presence and severity of deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for the purpose of making a diagnosis of disorders of intellectual development. METHODS An interdisciplinary expert panel provided guidance in developing behavioural indicators for intellectual functioning. A national dataset of adaptive behaviour on a sample of individuals with a diagnosis of intellectual disability was used to develop the behavioural indicators for the adaptive behaviour. The adaptive behaviour data were analysed using a cluster analysis procedure to define the different severity groupings by chronological age groups. RESULTS We present a series of tables containing behavioural indicators across the lifespan for intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, including conceptual, social and practical skills. These tables of behavioural indicators have been proposed for use in the clinical version of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) to be published by the World Health Organization. CONCLUSIONS The proposed behavioural indicators for disorders of ID described in the present article and to be included in the ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines are put forth to assist professionals in making an informed clinical decision regarding an individual's level of intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for the purpose of making a determination about the presence and severity of disorders of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tassé
- Nisonger Center & Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Navas
- INICO & Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Luckasson
- Department of Special Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - M A Nygren
- American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Belacchi
- Department of Communication, Sciences Humanities and International Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - S Bonichini
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - G M Reed
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - C S Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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25
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Murias M, Major S, Davlantis K, Franz L, Harris A, Rardin B, Sabatos-DeVito M, Dawson G. Validation of eye-tracking measures of social attention as a potential biomarker for autism clinical trials. Autism Res 2017; 11:166-174. [PMID: 29193826 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Social communication impairments are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and this class of symptoms is a target for treatments for the disorder. Measures of social attention, assessed via eye-gaze tracking (EGT), have been proposed as an early efficacy biomarker for clinical trials targeting social communication skills. EGT measures have been shown to differentiate children with ASD from typical children; however, there is less known about their relationships with social communication outcome measures that are typically used in ASD clinical trials. In the present study, an EGT task involving viewing a videotape of an actor making bids for a child's attention was evaluated in 25 children with ASD aged 24-72 months. Children's attention to the actor during the dyadic bid condition measured via EGT was found to be strongly associated with five well-validated caregiver-reported outcome measures that are commonly used to assess social communication in clinical trials. These results highlight the convergent validity of EGT measures of social attention in relation to caregiver-reported clinical measures. EGT holds promise as a non-invasive, quantitative, and objective biomarker that is associated with social communication abilities in children with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 166-174. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Eye-gaze tracking (EGT), an automated tool that tracks eye-gaze patterns, might help measure outcomes in clinical trials investigating interventions to treat autism spectrum disorders. In this study, an EGT task was evaluated in children with ASD, who watched a video with an actor talking directly to them. Patterns of eye-gaze were associated with caregiver-reported measures of social communication that are used in clinical trials. We show EGT may be a promising objective tool measuring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murias
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, 308 Research Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710.,Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Samantha Major
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701
| | - Katherine Davlantis
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701
| | - Lauren Franz
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701
| | - Adrianne Harris
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Benjamin Rardin
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701
| | - Maura Sabatos-DeVito
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, 308 Research Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710.,Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Duke University, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701
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26
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Pathak M, Bennett A, Shui AM. Correlates of adaptive behavior profiles in a large cohort of children with autism: The autism speaks Autism Treatment Network registry data. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 23:87-99. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361317733113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder have deficits in adaptive functioning. This study examines the adaptive behavior, its association with cognitive ability, gender, age, and symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Using data from Autism Treatment Network registry, the adaptive behavior profiles were examined in 2538 school-aged children (between 5 and 17 years, mean: 8.8 years, standard deviation: 3.0) who had an overall intelligence quotient and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale scores available. The children were grouped according to their intelligence quotient (low intelligence quotient < 70; borderline intelligence quotient = 70–85; average intelligence quotient > 85), age (5–10 and 11–17 years), and gender for the analyses. Significantly lower Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale scores were found in borderline and average intelligence quotient groups when compared to mean intelligence quotient, while an opposite pattern was seen in the low intelligence quotient group, with better adaptive behavior scores than mean intelligence quotient. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale standard scores were positively correlated with intelligence quotient and poorly associated with autism spectrum disorder severity. Younger children had significantly higher Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale scores. Adjusted comparisons by gender were not significant. Adaptive behavior profiles in the intelligence quotient categories are discussed. This study confirms a positive relationship between adaptive behavior and intellectual function in autism and indicates that children with higher intelligence quotient and older age are specifically impaired, with lower adaptive behavior, highlighting the need for assessment and targeted intervention in these groups. Future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy M Shui
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, USA
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27
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Dawson G, Sun JM, Davlantis KS, Murias M, Franz L, Troy J, Simmons R, Sabatos-DeVito M, Durham R, Kurtzberg J. Autologous Cord Blood Infusions Are Safe and Feasible in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a Single-Center Phase I Open-Label Trial. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1332-1339. [PMID: 28378499 PMCID: PMC5442708 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in early diagnosis and behavioral therapies, more effective treatments for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are needed. We hypothesized that umbilical cord blood‐derived cell therapies may have potential in alleviating ASD symptoms by modulating inflammatory processes in the brain. Accordingly, we conducted a phase I, open‐label trial to assess the safety and feasibility of a single intravenous infusion of autologous umbilical cord blood, as well as sensitivity to change in several ASD assessment tools, to determine suitable endpoints for future trials. Twenty‐five children, median age 4.6 years (range 2.26–5.97), with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and a qualified banked autologous umbilical cord blood unit, were enrolled. Children were evaluated with a battery of behavioral and functional tests immediately prior to cord blood infusion (baseline) and 6 and 12 months later. Assessment of adverse events across the 12‐month period indicated that the treatment was safe and well tolerated. Significant improvements in children's behavior were observed on parent‐report measures of social communication skills and autism symptoms, clinician ratings of overall autism symptom severity and degree of improvement, standardized measures of expressive vocabulary, and objective eye‐tracking measures of children's attention to social stimuli, indicating that these measures may be useful endpoints in future studies. Behavioral improvements were observed during the first 6 months after infusion and were greater in children with higher baseline nonverbal intelligence quotients. These data will serve as the basis for future studies to determine the efficacy of umbilical cord blood infusions in children with ASD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1332–1339
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Dawson
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Jessica M Sun
- Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke University Medical Center
| | | | - Michael Murias
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University Medical Center.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Franz
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Jesse Troy
- Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Ryan Simmons
- Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke University Medical Center
| | | | - Rebecca Durham
- Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Joanne Kurtzberg
- Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke University Medical Center
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28
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Balboni G, Incognito O, Belacchi C, Bonichini S, Cubelli R. Vineland-II adaptive behavior profile of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or specific learning disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 61:55-65. [PMID: 28056381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of adaptive behavior is informative in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or specific learning disorders (SLD). However, the few investigations available have focused only on the gross level of domains of adaptive behavior. AIMS To investigate which item subsets of the Vineland-II can discriminate children with ADHD or SLD from peers with typical development. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Student's t-tests, ROC analysis, logistic regression, and linear discriminant function analysis were used to compare 24 children with ADHD, 61 elementary students with SLD, and controls matched on age, sex, school level attended, and both parents' education level. RESULTS Several item subsets that address not only ADHD core symptoms, but also understanding in social context and development of interpersonal relationships, allowed discrimination of children with ADHD from controls. The combination of four item subsets (Listening and attending, Expressing complex ideas, Social communication, and Following instructions) classified children with ADHD with both sensitivity and specificity of 87.5%. Only Reading skills, Writing skills, and Time and dates discriminated children with SLD from controls. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of Vineland-II scores at the level of item content categories is a useful procedure for an efficient clinical description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Balboni
- University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Carmen Belacchi
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi, 15, 60129 Urbino, Italy.
| | | | - Roberto Cubelli
- University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy.
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