1
|
Raymond C, Cernik R, Beaudin M, Arcand M, Pichette F, Marin MF. Maternal attachment security modulates the relationship between vulnerability to anxiety and attentional bias to threat in healthy children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6025. [PMID: 38472274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether attentional bias to threat, commonly observed in clinically anxious children, also manifests in healthy children, potentially aiding the early detection of at-risk individuals. Additionally, it sought to explore the moderating role of parent-child attachment security on the association between vulnerability factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) as indicators of vulnerability to anxiety, and attentional bias towards threat in healthy children. A total of 95 children aged 8 to 12 years completed the Visual Search Task to assess attentional bias. Vulnerability to anxiety was measured using a composite score derived from the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. Parent-child attachment security was assessed using the Security Scale-Child Self-Report. Analyses revealed that higher vulnerability to anxiety was associated with faster detection of anger-related stimuli compared to neutral ones, and this association was further influenced by high maternal security. These findings in healthy children suggest an interaction between specific factors related to anxiety vulnerability and the security of the mother-child relationship, leading to cognitive patterns resembling those seen in clinically anxious individuals. These results hold promise for early identification of children at risk of developing anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Maryse Arcand
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florence Pichette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Belmans E, De Vuyst HJ, Takano K, Raes F. Reducing the stickiness of negative memory retrieval through positive memory training in adolescents. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101881. [PMID: 37348168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Individuals at risk for depression exhibit a decreased ability to disengage from negative memory retrieval during times of mental distress, partly because they have difficulty retrieving positive memories to repair sad mood. In this study, we tested whether this persistent tendency for negative memory retrieval could be reduced in adolescents through repeated practice to retrieve positive autobiographical memories, namely Positive Memory Specificity Training (PMST). Further, we examined the impact of this intervention on secondary outcomes, including depressive symptoms, emotion regulation strategies, and fear of positive emotions. METHODS Adolescents (n = 68) between 16 and 18 years old were randomly allocated to either PMST or bogus control training. Persistent negative memory retrieval was assessed following the training using a behavioral decision-making task (Emotional Reversal Learning Task). Additionally, participants completed self-report measurements (e.g., depressive symptoms) before and two weeks after the training. RESULTS We found preliminary supportive evidence for a significant training effect such that adolescents following PMST showed less persistence in negative memory retrieval compared to those in the control group. Only for anhedonia a significant training effect was found, indicating a possible adverse effect of the intervention. LIMITATIONS The primary outcome was assessed only at post-intervention to prevent a potential learning effect due to repeated measurements. We cannot exclude the possibility that baseline individual differences contaminated our results. To examine possible adverse effects of PMST, larger sample are needed. CONCLUSIONS PMST may help to reduce persistent negative memory retrieval in adolescents. Recommendations for future studies are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Belmans
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hendrik-Jan De Vuyst
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Leopoldstraße 13, Munich, Germany; Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute (HIIRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan.
| | - Filip Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tichenor SE, Gerwin KL, Walsh B. Repetitive Negative Thinking in Adolescents Who Stutter. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3290-3306. [PMID: 37494925 PMCID: PMC10558142 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is the process of engaging in negatively valenced and habitual thought patterns. RNT is strongly associated with mental health conditions and often affects quality of life. This study explored RNT in older school-age children and adolescents who stutter to quantify the relationship between RNT and self-reported anxiety characteristics. An additional aim was to describe how individual differences in an adolescent's goal when speaking influences the frequency they engage in RNT. METHOD Ninety-nine children and adolescents who stutter aged 9-18 years completed a measurement of the frequency/severity of RNT, a screener of anxiety characteristics, and a measure of adverse impact related to stuttering. Children aged 10 years and above also answered questions about their goal when speaking. RESULTS Individual differences in RNT significantly predicted Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) Total Scores more so than a child or adolescent's age. Higher generalized or social anxiety scores were significantly correlated with more frequent RNT and higher OASES Total Scores. Individual differences in goal when speaking (i.e., whether or not to stutter openly) were found to predict RNT. Finally, 22 children and adolescents (22.2%) also screened positive for generalized anxiety disorder and 32 (32.3%) screened positive for social anxiety disorder. DISCUSSION These data provide strong evidence that (a) many children and adolescents who stutter engage in RNT; (b) children and adolescents who engage more frequently in RNT or who have higher OASES Total Scores may be at increased risk for more characteristics of generalized or social anxiety; and (c) individual differences in goal when speaking can predict the degree to which an adolescent engages in RNT. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23713296.
Collapse
|
4
|
Köcher LM, Schlömer-Böttner S, Christiansen H. Metacognitive Transmission Between Parents and Children in the Context of Anxiety Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01577-y. [PMID: 37501041 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
One in ten children is affected by an anxiety disorder. Current state of research shows that transgenerational transmission as well as positive (POS) and negative (NEG) metacognitive beliefs are relevant in the context of anxiety disorders in youth. We investigated whether transgenerational transmission is also evident in conjunction with POS and NEG and cross-sectionally surveyed POS, NEG, anxiety symptoms and worry in 8-16-year-old children and adolescents with anxiety disorders (n = 71) and non-clinical controls (n = 40) and one of their parents. Our results revealed significant transgenerational correlations for NEG in both samples, and for POS in the non-clinical sample only. Mediation analysis showed that children's NEG did at least partly mediate the relationship between parents' NEG and children's anxiety and worry. Children's and parents' POS did not correlate in either sample with children's anxiety and worry. Further research on the transgenerational transmission of metacognition and longitudinal data is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie Köcher
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Frankfurter Straße 35, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Silke Schlömer-Böttner
- Psychotherapy Practice for Children and Adolescents, Alter Kirchhainer Weg 5, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Frankfurter Straße 35, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Olatunji BO, Knowles KA, Cox RC, Cole DA. Linking repetitive negative thinking and insomnia symptoms: A longitudinal trait-state model. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 97:102732. [PMID: 37302163 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is highly debilitating, and an abundance of research suggests that repetitive negative thinking (i.e., rumination, worry) may contribute to the development and maintenance of maladaptive sleep patterns, such as insomnia symptoms. Although repetitive negative thinking is often conceptualized as a 'trait' risk factor for anxiety-related disorders, it is unclear if it consists of time-varying (TV) or state-like features versus time-invariant (TI) or trait-like characteristics. Furthermore, it is unclear if it is the TV or TI components of repetitive negative thinking that contribute to insomnia symptoms that is commonly observed in anxiety-related disorders. In a 6-wave, 5-month longitudinal study, community participants (N = 1219) completed measures of rumination, worry, transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking, and insomnia symptoms. A latent variable (trait-state-occasion) model was applied to the measures of repetitive negative thinking. The results showed that although estimates of TI factor variance and TV factor variance were both significant for latent repetitive negative thinking, worry, and rumination, the proportion of TI factor variance (0.82-0.89) was greater than the amount of TV factor variance (0.11-0.19). Although TV factor stability was statistically significant for latent repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry, the magnitude of the coefficients was small. Furthermore, regression weights for the latent repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry TI factor were significant and larger than those for the TV factor in predicting insomnia symptoms at each of the six time points. These findings suggest that repetitive negative thinking is largely TI, and it is this TI component that contributes to insomnia symptoms. Implications for conceptualizations of repetitive negative thinking as a predisposing and perpetuating factor in insomnia for anxiety and related disorders are discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Raymond C, Pichette F, Beaudin M, Cernik R, Marin MF. Vulnerability to anxiety differently predicts cortisol reactivity and state anxiety during a laboratory stressor in healthy girls and boys. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:425-433. [PMID: 36972852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children diagnosed with anxiety disorders show altered cortisol and state anxiety reactivity to stressful situations. To date, it remains unclear whether these dysregulations emerge after the pathology or whether they are also detectable in healthy children. If the latter is true, this may provide insight into children's vulnerability to develop clinical anxiety. Various personality factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) increase youth's vulnerability to develop anxiety disorders. This study aimed to examine whether vulnerability to anxiety was associated with cortisol reactivity and state anxiety in healthy youth. METHODS 114 children (8-12 y/o) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C), where saliva samples were collected for cortisol quantification. State anxiety was assessed 20 min before and 10 min after the TSST-C using the state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Vulnerability to anxiety was assessed using a composite score of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. RESULTS Higher vulnerability to anxiety was associated with enhanced cortisol reactivity in boys. Irrespective of vulnerability level, girls reported greater changes in state anxiety in response to the TSST. LIMITATIONS Given the correlational nature of this study, the directionality of the results remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that endocrine patterns characterizing anxiety disorders are detectable in healthy boys who exhibit a high level of self-reported vulnerability to anxiety. These results could aid in the early identification of children at risk of developing anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Florence Pichette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Do Metacognitions of Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders Change after Intensified Exposure Therapy? CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020168. [PMID: 35204889 PMCID: PMC8869889 DOI: 10.3390/children9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metacognitive beliefs have repeatedly proven to play a role in anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, but few studies have investigated whether they change after cognitive behavioral therapy. This longitudinal intervention study explores whether positive and negative metacognitive beliefs in particular change after exposure-focused treatment, and if metacognitive changes predict reductions in anxiety symptoms. A sample of 27 children between 8 and 16 years of age with a primary diagnosis of specific phobia, separation-anxiety disorder or social phobia completed assessments of anxiety symptoms, metacognitive beliefs, worry and repetitive negative thoughts before and after 11 sessions of intensified exposure treatment. Metacognitive beliefs did not change significantly after intensified exposure, but post-hoc power analysis revealed a lack of power here. Change in negative metacognitive beliefs correlated with a change in anxiety symptoms, but did not independently contribute as a predictor variable. Differences between subsamples showed that patients with separation-anxiety disorder scored higher on negative metacognitive beliefs than those with specific or social phobia. Consideration of metacognition, and negative metacognitive beliefs in particular could help us further improve the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents and should therefore receive more attention in psychotherapy research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hitchcock C, Brown RL, Cobham VE. Validation of the Child version of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire of repetitive negative thinking in young people with diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:242-254. [PMID: 34617301 PMCID: PMC9292182 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This paper sought to provide the first validation of a transdiagnostic measure of repetitive negative thinking – the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire‐Child version (PTQ‐C) – in young people diagnosed with anxiety and depressive disorders. Participants (N = 114) were 11‐ to 17‐year‐olds with complex and comorbid presentations seeking treatment through Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Confirmatory factor analyses best supported a three‐factor model for the PTQ‐C; however, hypotheses of both perfect and close fit were rejected, and a subsequent bifactor model suggested minimal unique variance for each subscale. Results demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity and divergent validity for the total score and three PTQ‐S subscales: core characteristics, perceived unproductiveness, and consumed mental capacity of negative repetitive thinking. PTQ‐C scores did not account for additional variance in anxiety symptoms once worry was considered, indicating that retention of a content‐specific measure may be warranted in clinical samples. Findings emphasize the importance of validating clinically relevant measures which were developed with subclinical populations in samples with diagnosed mental health disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Hitchcock
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, UK
| | - Renee L Brown
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Cobham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Children's Health Queensland, Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brodar KE, La Greca AM, Hysing M, Llabre MM. Stressors, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescents Beginning High School. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 45:1027-1038. [PMID: 32968794 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the first year of high school may represent a particularly stressful time for adolescents, no research addresses how stressors are related to insomnia symptoms during this time. Thus, we examined how stress relates to concurrent and prospective insomnia symptoms in adolescents beginning high school (Aim 1). Additionally, we assessed repetitive negative thinking (RNT) as a mediator (Aim 2). We also evaluated whether the pattern of associations differed for boys and girls (Aim 3). METHODS Adolescents (N = 502; M age = 14.22 years; 58.2% girls; 91.2% Hispanic/Latinx) completed questionnaires about stressors related to beginning high school (e.g., school performance, peer pressure), family support, RNT, and insomnia symptoms at the beginning and end of their first year of high school. Multiple group structural equation models assessed relationships between these variables and evaluated differences between boys and girls. RESULTS School/leisure conflict and low family support were directly associated with insomnia symptoms at both times, and RNT mediated these relationships in both boys and girls. In girls, peer pressure and low family support were indirectly associated with Time 1 and Time 2 insomnia symptoms via RNT. In boys, school performance was indirectly associated with Time 1 and Time 2 insomnia symptoms via RNT. CONCLUSIONS Stressful experiences at the beginning of high school negatively affect sleep in adolescents both in the short and long term. Pediatric psychologists should educate adolescents and their parents about the risk of sleep problems during this time period and provide strategies for stress management and for proper sleep hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raes F, Bastin M, Pede T, Belmans E, Goossens L, Vanhalst J. Repetitive Negative Thinking outperforms loneliness and lack of social connectedness as a predictor of prospective depressive symptoms in adolescents. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2021; 8:149-156. [PMID: 33564631 PMCID: PMC7863726 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2020-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) is a well-established predictor in adolescents of emotional problems, such as depression. Surprisingly little research, however, has looked at the relative importance of RNT vs. more interpersonally relevant variables in the context of depression, such as loneliness and lack of social connectedness. Objective: The present study, therefore, set out to examine whether RNT is a significant predictor when taking into account the contribution of loneliness and social connectedness. Methods: A sample of 135 typically developing adolescents (N = 135; 79.3% girls; Mage = 17.5; range 16-21) completed measures of depressive symptoms, RNT, loneliness and social connectedness at two time points with a 3-month interval. Results: Results showed that above and beyond baseline depressive symptoms, RNT was the only other significant predictor of prospective depressive symptoms. Conclusions: According to these results, RNT seems a relatively more important factor to consider in the context of adolescent depression than factors in the interpersonal or social context. Consequently, targeting RNT might be expected to yield more significant gains in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms in adolescents compared to focusing on feelings of loneliness or social connectedness – a hypothesis that remains to be tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Raes
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margot Bastin
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Pede
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Belmans
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Goossens
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Vanhalst
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mills KL, Barrett E, Back SE, Cobham VE, Bendall S, Perrin S, Brady KT, Ross J, Peach N, Kihas I, Cassar J, Schollar-Root O, Teesson M. Randomised controlled trial of integrated trauma-focused psychotherapy for traumatic stress and substance use among adolescents: trial protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e043742. [PMID: 33257495 PMCID: PMC7705546 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder frequently co-occur and tend to have their onset during adolescence. Although research has highlighted the importance of treating these disorders in an integrated fashion, there is a dearth of empirically validated integrated treatment options for adolescents with this comorbidity. This paper describes the study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the efficacy of an integrated trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural treatment for traumatic stress and substance use among adolescents (Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Using Prolonged Exposure - Adolescent (COPE-A)), relative to a supportive counselling control condition (Person-Centred Therapy (PCT)). METHODS AND ANALYSIS A two-arm, parallel, single-blind RCT with blinded follow-up at 4 and 12 months poststudy entry will be conducted in Sydney, Australia. Participants (n~100 adolescents aged 12-18 years) and their caregivers (caregiver participation is optional) will be allocated to undergo either COPE-A or PCT (allocation ratio 1:1) using minimisation. Both therapies will be delivered individually by project psychologists over a maximum of 16 sessions of 60-90 min duration and will include provision of up to four 30 min optional caregiver sessions. The primary outcome will be between-group differences in change in the severity of PTSD symptoms from baseline to 4-month follow-up, as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents for DSM-5. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the human research ethics committees of the Sydney Children's Hospital Network (HREC/17/SCHN/306) and the University of Sydney (HREC 2018/863). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618000785202; Pre-reults. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 1, 31 July 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Mills
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sudie E Back
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vanessa E Cobham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Queensland, Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathleen T Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joanne Ross
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Peach
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivana Kihas
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Cassar
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Olivia Schollar-Root
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Social anxiety disorder in children: investigating the relative contribution of automatic thoughts, repetitive negative thinking and metacognitions. Behav Cogn Psychother 2020; 49:159-171. [PMID: 32720630 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465820000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is common in youths. However, our understanding of SAD in children is inferior to that of SAD in adolescents or adults, and it is unclear if known adult SAD maintenance mechanisms may also operate in children with SAD. AIM The paper sets out to investigate the specificity of positive automatic thoughts, social threat negative automatic thoughts, repetitive negative thinking, positive and negative metacognitions in predicting SAD symptoms and diagnoses in clinically anxious children. METHOD We enrolled 122 clinically anxious children aged 7-13 years; of these, 33 had an SAD diagnosis. RESULTS SAD symptoms correlated positively with social threat negative automatic thoughts, repetitive negative thinking, and negative metacognitions, and negatively with positive automatic thoughts. Linear regression indicated that, of these variables, only social threat negative automatic thoughts predicted social anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression indicated that social threat negative automatic thoughts, a higher number of diagnoses and negative metacognitive beliefs specifically predicted the presence of SAD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that content-specific social threat negative automatic thoughts was the only variable that specifically distinguished both higher levels of social anxiety symptoms and diagnoses.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bernal-Manrique KN, García-Martín MB, Ruiz FJ. Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving interpersonal skills in adolescents: A randomized waitlist control trial. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Huang I, Short MA, Bartel K, O'Shea A, Hiller RM, Lovato N, Micic G, Oliver M, Gradisar M. The roles of repetitive negative thinking and perfectionism in explaining the relationship between sleep onset difficulties and depressed mood in adolescents. Sleep Health 2020; 6:166-171. [PMID: 32146167 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the relationship between difficulty initiating sleep and depressed mood and whether it is mediated by repetitive negative thinking. A moderating role of perfectionism was also examined. METHODS We surveyed 393 adolescents aged 14 to 20 years (M = 17.32, SD = 1.90) via an online questionnaire that assessed difficulty initiating sleep, repetitive negative thinking, perfectionism, and depressed mood. RESULTS Results indicated that repetitive negative thinking fully mediated the relationship between difficulty initiating sleep and depressed mood. In addition, this relationship was moderated by perfectionism, specifically, the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and depressed mood was stronger among more perfectionistic adolescents. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that repetitive negative thinking is significantly associated with both difficulty initiating sleep and depressed mood, supporting the conceptualization of repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. Further, individual differences in perfectionism may amplify the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and mood. The role of repetitive negative thinking and perfectionism in explaining the link between sleep onset problems and depressed mood has important clinical implications through providing possible treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Huang
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Kate Bartel
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Anne O'Shea
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Rachel M Hiller
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stewart E, Gibb B, Strauss G, Coles M. Disruptions in the Amount and Timing of Sleep and Repetitive Negative Thinking in Adolescents. Behav Sleep Med 2020; 18:217-225. [PMID: 30557056 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1557188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective/Background: Numerous psychiatric conditions characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are also frequently associated with disruptions in the duration and timing of sleep. The emerging literature supports that these types of sleep disruptions may be associated with negative psychological consequences such as depressed mood, anxiety, and poor emotion regulation, all of which have features of RNT. There is a paucity of research on the association between RNT and disruptions in sleep duration and timing in adolescents. The aim of the current study was to examine if sleep duration and timing in an adolescent sample would be predictive of RNT. Participants: Participants included 1,021 adolescents (ages 11 to 17) from a public school district in upstate New York. Methods: Participants completed a survey about their sleep practices, symptoms of psychopathology, and RNT. Results: Results indicated that sleep timing was predictive of RNT, but sleep duration was not. This result remained even after controlling for symptoms of psychopathology. Further, sleep onset latency was also predictive of RNT. Conclusions: These results indicate that it may be important to make the distinction between sleep duration and sleep timing. Sleep timing may uniquely impact RNT in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Stewart
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Binghamton, Binghamton, NY
| | - Brandon Gibb
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Binghamton, Binghamton, NY
| | | | - Meredith Coles
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Binghamton, Binghamton, NY
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Focused on Repetitive Negative Thinking for Child Depression: A Randomized Multiple-Baseline Evaluation. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40732-019-00362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
17
|
Ruiz FJ, Salazar DM, Suárez-Falcón JC, Peña-Vargas A, Ehring T, Barreto-Zambrano ML, Gómez-Barreto MP. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Age-Group of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire-Children (PTQ-C) in Colombia. Assessment 2019; 27:1657-1667. [PMID: 30991819 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119843580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has found that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is an important transdiagnostic process both in adult and child psychopathology. This finding has led some authors to design content-independent measures of RNT that can be administered across disorders. One of these instruments is the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) and its version for children (PTQ-C). This study presents the Spanish translation of the PTQ-C and its psychometric analysis in a sample of 1,127 Colombian children and adolescents (8-18 years old). All items obtained good discrimination indexes, and internal consistency was excellent (.93). A cross-validation study was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the PTQ-C, which strongly supported the one-factor structure. Measurement invariances across gender and age-group (8-12 and 13-18 years old) were also found. The PTQ-C scores for older boys were lower than for younger boys, whereas the inverse pattern was found for girls. The PTQ-C showed strong correlations with measures of pathological worry, emotional symptoms, and psychological inflexibility. In conclusion, the Spanish translation of the PTQ-C appears to be a valid and reliable measure of RNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Ehring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salazar DM, Ruiz FJ, Suárez-Falcón JC, Barreto-Zambrano ML, Gómez-Barreto MP, Flórez CL. Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire – Youth in Colombia. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
McEvoy PM, Hyett MP, Ehring T, Johnson SL, Samtani S, Anderson R, Moulds ML. Transdiagnostic assessment of repetitive negative thinking and responses to positive affect: Structure and predictive utility for depression, anxiety, and mania symptoms. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:375-384. [PMID: 29510356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive process that is repetitive, passive, relatively uncontrollable, and focused on negative content, and is elevated in emotional disorders including depression and anxiety disorders. Repetitive positive thinking is associated with bipolar disorder symptoms. The unique contributions of positive versus negative repetitive thinking to emotional symptoms are unknown. The first aim of this study was to use confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the psychometrics of two transdiagnostic measures of RNT, the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ-10) and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), and a measure of repetitive positive thinking, the Responses to Positive Affect (RPA) Questionnaire. The second aim was to determine incremental predictive utility of these measures. METHOD All measures were administered to a sample of 2088 undergraduate students from the Netherlands (n = 992), Australia (n = 698), and America (n = 398). RESULTS Unidimensional, bifactor, and three-factor models were supported for the RTQ-10, PTQ, and RPA, respectively. A common factor measured by all PTQ items explained most variance in PTQ scores suggesting that this measure is essentially unidimensional. The RNT factor of the RTQ-10 demonstrated the strongest predictive utility, although the PTQ was also uniquely although weakly associated with anxiety, depression, and mania symptoms. The RPA dampening factor uniquely predicted anxiety and depression symptoms, suggesting that this scale is a separable process to RNT as measured by the RTQ-10 and PTQ. LIMITATIONS Findings were cross-sectional and need to be replicated in clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Transdiagnostic measures of RNT are essentially unidimensional, whereas RPA is multidimensional. RNT and RPA have unique predictive utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Hyett
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suraj Samtani
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Anderson
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bartel K, Huang C, Maddock B, Williamson P, Gradisar M. Brief school-based interventions to assist adolescents’ sleep-onset latency: Comparing mindfulness and constructive worry versus controls. J Sleep Res 2018; 27:e12668. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Bartel
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ben Maddock
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Paul Williamson
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Michael Gradisar
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Psychometric Qualities of Turkish Version of Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ). JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-018-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
22
|
Lo BCY, Zhao Y, Ho YC, Au TKF. Psychometric properties of the Children's Response Styles Questionnaire in a Hong Kong Chinese community sample. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:198. [PMID: 29017501 PMCID: PMC5635484 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Children's Response Styles Questionnaire (CRSQ) is a widely-adopted inventory that assesses response styles in youths. It is useful in examining how coping styles (particularly rumination) may relate to depressive vulnerability in youths. Despite its utility, little is known about its applicability in non-Western cultures and CRSQ has not been evaluated using current psychometric methods including item response theory (IRT). The present study assessed the properties using IRT methods in a Chinese youth sample. METHODS Students in Grades 4-6 were recruited from seven public primary schools in Hong Kong, and a total of 581 children (280 boys and 301 girls) between 8 and 14 years of age participated in the study. A Chinese version of CRSQ was administered to them in groups at school after receiving written parental consent as well as students' assent. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure that was comparable to that identified in Western samples, namely, the rumination and distraction/problem-solving subscales. IRT analysis suggested that items varied in levels of item discrimination and item severity, and in precision/usefulness for assessing the underlying latent trait levels. Test information analysis indicated that rumination subscale was more useful than the distraction and problem-solving subscale in assessing the latent trait over a broader range of levels. For gender-based Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis, item 1 "When I am sad, I think about how alone I feel" was found to exhibit higher discriminating power for girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS The study presents the first attempt to examine CRSQ item properties using IRT analysis and supports its validity beyond the Western cultures. The factor structure of CRSQ was found to be comparable to the West in our Chinese sample. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) evaluation suggested all but one item in the rumination subscale of the CRSQ apply equally well to both boys and girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chuen Yee Lo
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yim Chi Ho
- Po Leung Kuk, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Terry Kit-Fong Au
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bijttebier P, Bastin M, Nelis S, Weyn S, Luyckx K, Vasey MW, Raes F. Temperament, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: a Prospective Study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-017-9624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
Burrows CA, Timpano KR, Uddin LQ. Putative Brain Networks Underlying Repetitive Negative Thinking and Comorbid Internalizing Problems in Autism. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 5:522-536. [PMID: 28603665 PMCID: PMC5461967 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616683506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also experience depression and anxiety, yet little is known about mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) about self-referential information is a transdiagnostic cognitive vulnerability factor that may account for the relationship between these two classes of symptoms. We propose a model where self-referential processing and cognitive inflexibility interact to increase risk for RNT, leading to internalizing problems in ASD. Examination of interactions within and between two well-characterized large-scale brain networks, the default mode network and the salience network, may provide insights into neurobiological mechanisms underlying RNT in ASD. We summarize previous literature supporting this model, emphasizing moving towards understanding RNT as a factor accounting for the high rates of internalizing problems in ASD. Future research avenues include understanding heterogeneity in clinical presentation, and promise for identifying and treating cognitive flexibility and RNT to reduce comorbid internalizing problems in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucina Q. Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables FL
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McEvoy PM, Salmon K, Hyett MP, Jose PE, Gutenbrunner C, Bryson K, Dewhirst M. Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Transdiagnostic Predictor of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents. Assessment 2017; 26:324-335. [PMID: 29214855 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117693923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process associated with numerous emotional disorders. Most measures of RNT are disorder-specific, limiting utility in comorbid populations. Transdiagnostic measures of RNT have been developed in adults and are associated with anxiety and depression. However, a transdiagnostic measure is needed to assess RNT in adolescents as a potential vulnerability factor for emotional disorders. This study validates a transdiagnostic measure of RNT-Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire-10 (RTQ-10)-in adolescents ( N = 840, Mage = 15.7 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure. The RTQ-10 manifested good internal consistency and measurement invariance across genders and age. RNT was equally associated with anxiety and depression symptoms irrespective of gender or age. Convergent validity was demonstrated by correlations with disorder-specific measures of RNT. These findings support the RTQ-10 as a reliable and valid transdiagnostic measure of RNT in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M McEvoy
- 1 Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,2 Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Salmon
- 3 Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P Hyett
- 2 Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul E Jose
- 3 Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Kate Bryson
- 3 Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mary Dewhirst
- 3 Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Attachment Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Middle Childhood: the Role of Repetitive Thinking about Negative Affect and about Mother. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-016-9552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|