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Zeng Q, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Li P, Zhou Z. Fish IL-26 collaborates with IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 to enhance gut mucosal barrier during the antibacterial innate immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 161:105249. [PMID: 39154973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
IL-26 is a cytokine that is crucial for the maintenance and function of the gut mucosal barrier. IL-26 signaling pathway relies on a heterodimeric receptor complex, which is composed of two distinct subunits, IL-10R2 and IL-20R1. However, there are no reports on the antibacterial immunity of IL-26 and its receptors in fish. For this purpose, in this study we identified IL-26 and its receptors IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 in Carassius cuvieri × Carassius auratus red var. (named WR-IL-26, WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the conservation of these genes, with shared structural motifs similar to those found in higher vertebrates. Upon exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, a common fish pathogen, there was a significant upregulation of WR-IL-26, WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1 in the gut, indicating a potential role in the immune response to infection. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that WR-IL-26 formed complexes with WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1. In vivo experiments demonstrated that administration of WR-IL-26 activated the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway and protected the gut mucosa barrier from A. hydrophila infection. Conversely, silencing WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1 via RNA interference significantly attenuated the activation of WR-IL-26-mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathway. These results provided new insights into the role of IL-26 and its receptors in the gut mucosa barrier and could offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Pingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
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Sittiya J, Nii T. Effects of oligosaccharides on performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota and immune reactions in laying hens challenged with dextran sodium sulfate. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104062. [PMID: 39067127 PMCID: PMC11331963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oligosaccharide extract from bamboo shoot (BOS) on the performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota and immune reaction of laying hens challenged with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Thirty-two White Leghorn hens (480 days old) were divided into 4 groups (8 hens each) with similar mean body weights: C (basal diet), D (basal diet + DSS), B (5 g/kg BOS diet), and BD (5 g/kg BOS diet + DSS). They were administered a single oral dose of 4 mL of distilled water/kg body weight with or without 0.45 g of DSS for 7 consecutive days from the 14th d to the 21st d of the experiment. The important findings were that (1) The egg yolk ratio was decreased by DSS treatment, but it was improved by BOS treatment, which also increased the egg shell ratio. (2) The diversity of intestinal microbiota and relative abundance of 4 bacteria genera were increased by BOS treatment. (3) Intestinal morphology was not affected by DSS and BOS, but the leukocytes accumulation in the liver was increased by DSS treatment and suppressed by BOS treatment. (4) Dietary BOS treatment influenced the mRNA expression of Th-1 and Treg cytokines in the liver and Th-17 cytokines in both intestine and liver of laying hens. These results suggest that BOS may enhance egg quality, Th-1 and Th-17 immune function without causing tissue damage under normal condition, and may suppress the excessive inflammatory responses during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjira Sittiya
- Faculty of Animal Science and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Phetchaburi 76120, Thailand
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Vitali R, Novelli F, Palone F, Cucchiara S, Stronati L, Pioli C. PARP1 inactivation increases regulatory T / Th17 cell proportion in intestinal inflammation. Role of HMGB1. Immunol Lett 2024; 270:106912. [PMID: 39237041 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing disorders with increasing prevalence. Knowledge gaps still limit the possibility to develop more specific and effective therapies. Using a dextran sodium sulfate colitis mouse model, we found that inflammation increased the total number and altered the frequencies of leukocytes within colon mesenteric lymph nodes (cMLNs). Although the inflammation reduced the frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells, their absolute numbers were increased. Increased frequency of colitogenic Th17 cells was also observed. Noteworthy, untreated mice lacking Poly(ADP-ribose)-Polimerase-1 functional gene (PARP-1KO) displayed higher frequency of Treg cells and lower percentage of Th17 cells in cMLNs. In colitic PARP-1KO mice the inflammation driven expansion of the Foxp3 Treg population was more pronounced than in WT mice. Conversely, colitis increased Th17 cells to a lower extent in PARP-1KO mice compared with WT mice, resulting in a more protective Treg/Th17 cell ratio. Consequently PARP-1KO mice developed less severe colitis with reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines. In ex vivo experiments PARP-1KO and WT CD11c dendritic cells (DCs) promoted naïve CD4 T cell differentiation differently, the former sustaining more efficiently the generation of Treg cells, the latter that of Th17 cells. Addition of HMGB1 B box or of dipotassium glycyrrhizate, which sequesters extracellular HMGB1, revealed a role for this alarmin in the regulation exerted by PARP-1 on the stimulating vs. tolerogenic function of DCs during colitis. Moreover, a higher percentage of CD11c DC from PARP-1KO mice expressed CD103, a marker associated with the ability of DC to induce Treg cells, compared with WT DC. Conversely, PARP-1KO DC were including a reduced percentage of CX3CR1+ DC, described to induce Th17 cells. These findings were observed in both splenic and colon lamina propria DC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Marie C, Das S, Coomes D, Ahmed T, Ali SA, Iqbal J, Kelly P, Mahfuz M, Moore SR, Petri WA, Tarr PI, Denson LA. Duodenal transcriptomics demonstrates signatures of tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration in children with environmental enteric dysfunction across global centers. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120 Suppl 1:S51-S64. [PMID: 39300663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory condition of the small intestine that is prevalent in children residing in low- and middle-income countries. EED is accompanied by profound histopathologic changes in the small bowel, loss of absorptive capacity, increased intestinal permeability, increased microbial translocation, and nutrient loss. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify dysregulated genes and pathways that might underlie pediatric EED. METHODS RNA-sequencing libraries were generated from endoscopically obtained duodenal tissue from undernourished children with EED from 3 prospective cohorts of children with EED. The EED transcriptome was defined in comparison to North American children without EED. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was tested for gene modules associated with EED and its histologic features. RESULTS The 1784 upregulated genes in EED were highly enriched for immune and inflammatory processes, including IL-17 and JAK-STAT signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. The 1388 downregulated genes included genes corresponding to xenobiotic metabolism, detoxification, and antioxidant capacities. A gene coexpression module enriched for antimicrobial responses and chemokine activity was significantly associated with villous blunting, goblet cell depletion, and overall histologic severity of EED. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome signatures of EED include specific innate and adaptive immune responses that are consistently elevated across study centers, coupled with reduced detoxification and antioxidant capacities. These data may have implications for targeted interventions to improve EED outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Marie
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Asad Ali
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sean R Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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5
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Bhowmick S, Gupta S, Mondal S, Mallick AI. Activation of Antiviral Host Responses against Avian Influenza Virus and Remodeling of Gut Microbiota by rLAB Vector Expressing rIL-17A in Chickens. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3026-3041. [PMID: 38970488 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) remains the most common subtype of type-A influenza virus that causes moderate to severe infection in poultry with significant zoonotic and pandemic potential. Due to high mutability, increasing drug resistance, and limited vaccine availability, the conventional means to prevent intra- or interspecies transmission of AIV is highly challenging. As an alternative to control AIV infections, cytokine-based approaches to augment antiviral host defense have gained significant attention. However, the selective application of cytokines is critical since unregulated expression of cytokines, particularly proinflammatory ones, can cause substantial tissue damage during acute phases of immune responses. Moreover, depending on the type of cytokine and its impact on intestinal microbiota, outcomes of cytokine-gut microflora interaction can have a critical effect on overall host defense against AIV infections. Our recent study demonstrated some prominent roles of chicken IL-17A (ChIL-17A) in regulating antiviral host responses against AIV infection, however, in an in vitro model. For more detailed insights into ChIL-17A function, in the present study, we investigated whether ChIL-17A-meditated elevated antiviral host responses can translate into effective immune protection against AIV infection in an in vivo system. Moreover, considering the role of gut health in fostering innate or local host responses, we further studied the contributory relationships between gut microbiota and host immunity against AIV infection in chickens. For this, we employed a recombinant lactic acid-producing bacterial (LAB) vector, Lactococcus lactis, expressing ChIL-17A and analyzed the in vivo functionality in chickens against an LPAIV (A/H9N2) infection. Our study delineates that mucosal delivery of rL. lactis expressing ChIL-17A triggers proinflammatory signaling cascades and can drive a positive shift in phylum Firmicutes, along with a marked decline in phylum Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, favoring effective antiviral host responses against AIV infection in chickens. We propose that ChIL-17A-mediated selective expansion of beneficial gut microbiota might form a healthy microbial community that augments the effective immune protection against AIV infections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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6
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Thakore PI, Schnell A, Huang L, Zhao M, Hou Y, Christian E, Zaghouani S, Wang C, Singh V, Singaraju A, Krishnan RK, Kozoriz D, Ma S, Sankar V, Notarbartolo S, Buenrostro JD, Sallusto F, Patsopoulos NA, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Kuchroo VK, Regev A. BACH2 regulates diversification of regulatory and proinflammatory chromatin states in T H17 cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1395-1410. [PMID: 39009838 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T (TH17) cells are heterogenous and consist of nonpathogenic TH17 (npTH17) cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and pathogenic TH17 (pTH17) cells that mediate tissue inflammation. Here, we characterize regulatory pathways underlying TH17 heterogeneity and discover substantial differences in the chromatin landscape of npTH17 and pTH17 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Compared to other CD4+ T cell subsets, npTH17 cells share accessible chromatin configurations with regulatory T cells, whereas pTH17 cells exhibit features of both npTH17 cells and type 1 helper T (TH1) cells. Integrating single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we infer self-reinforcing and mutually exclusive regulatory networks controlling different cell states and predicted transcription factors regulating TH17 cell pathogenicity. We validate that BACH2 promotes immunomodulatory npTH17 programs and restrains proinflammatory TH1-like programs in TH17 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, human genetics implicate BACH2 in multiple sclerosis. Overall, our work identifies regulators of TH17 heterogeneity as potential targets to mitigate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha I Thakore
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linglin Huang
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryann Zhao
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yu Hou
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Christian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Zaghouani
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto and Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasundhara Singh
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anvita Singaraju
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Krishnan
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deneen Kozoriz
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkat Sankar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Infectious Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos A Patsopoulos
- Systems Biology and Computer Science Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Wekema L, Schoenmakers S, Schenkelaars N, Laskewitz A, Liu L, Walters L, Harmsen HJM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Faas MM. Obesity and diet independently affect maternal immunity, maternal gut microbiota and pregnancy outcome in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376583. [PMID: 39072322 PMCID: PMC11272480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal obesity poses risks for both mother and offspring during pregnancy, with underlying mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. Obesity is associated with microbial gut dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation, and also the diet has a major impact on these parameters. This study aimed to investigate how maternal obesity and diet contribute to changes in immune responses, exploring potential associations with gut microbiota dysbiosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice. Methods Before mating, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either a high-fat-diet (HFD) or low-fat-diet (LFD) to obtain obese (n=17) and lean (n=10) mice. To distinguish between the effects of obesity and diet, 7 obese mice were switched from the HFD to the LFD from day 7 until day 18 of pregnancy ("switch group"), which was the endpoint of the study. T helper (Th) cell subsets were studied in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP), while monocyte subsets and activation status were determined in maternal blood (flow cytometry). Feces were collected before and during pregnancy (day 7,14,18) for microbiota analysis (16S rRNA sequencing). Pregnancy outcome included determination of fetal and placental weight. Results Obesity increased splenic Th1 and regulatory T cells, MLN Th1 and PP Th17 cells and enhanced IFN-γ and IL-17A production by splenic Th cells upon ex vivo stimulation. Switching diet decreased splenic and PP Th2 cells and classical monocytes, increased intermediate monocytes and activation of intermediate/nonclassical monocytes. Obesity and diet independently induced changes in the gut microbiota. Various bacterial genera were increased or decreased by obesity or the diet switch. These changes correlated with the immunological changes. Fetal weight was lower in the obese than the lean group, while placental weight was lower in the switch than the obese group. Discussion This study demonstrates that obesity and diet independently impact peripheral and intestinal immune responses at the end of pregnancy. Simultaneously, both factors affect specific bacterial gut genera and lead to reduced fetal or placental weight. Our data suggest that switching diet during pregnancy to improve maternal health is not advisable and it supports pre/probiotic treatment of maternal obesity-induced gut dysbiosis to improve maternal immune responses and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieske Wekema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Schenkelaars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Laskewitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hermie J. M. Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Tian K, Jing D, Lan J, Lv M, Wang T. Commensal microbiome and gastrointestinal mucosal immunity: Harmony and conflict with our closest neighbor. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1316. [PMID: 39023417 PMCID: PMC11256888 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract contains a wide range of microorganisms that have evolved alongside the immune system of the host. The intestinal mucosa maintains balance within the intestines by utilizing the mucosal immune system, which is controlled by the complex gut mucosal immune network. OBJECTIVE This review aims to comprehensively introduce current knowledge of the gut mucosal immune system, focusing on its interaction with commensal bacteria. RESULTS The gut mucosal immune network includes gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosal immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines. The connection between microbiota and the immune system occurs through the engagement of bacterial components with pattern recognition receptors found in the intestinal epithelium and antigen-presenting cells. This interaction leads to the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The interaction between the microbial community and the host is vital for maintaining the balance and health of the host's mucosal system. CONCLUSION The gut mucosal immune network maintains a delicate equilibrium between active immunity, which defends against infections and damaging non-self antigens, and immunological tolerance, which allows for the presence of commensal microbiota and dietary antigens. This balance is crucial for the maintenance of intestinal health and homeostasis. Disturbance of gut homeostasis leads to enduring or severe gastrointestinal ailments, such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Utilizing these factors can aid in the development of cutting-edge mucosal vaccines that have the ability to elicit strong protective immune responses at the primary sites of pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dehong Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junzhe Lan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of BreastWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity, and Child Health Care HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Tingting Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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9
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Hammitzsch A, Ossadnik A, Bachmann Q, Merwald-Fraenk H, Lorenz G, Witt M, Wiesent F, Mühlhofer H, Simone D, Bowness P, Heemann U, Arbogast M, Moog P, Schmaderer C. Increased interleukin-26 in the peripheral joints of patients with axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis, co-localizing with CD68-positive synoviocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355824. [PMID: 38799447 PMCID: PMC11127564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives IL26 levels are elevated in the blood and synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis. IL26 can be produced by Th17 cells and locally within joints by tissue-resident cells. IL26 induces osteoblast mineralization in vitro. As osteoproliferation and Th17 cells are important factors in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), we aimed to clarify the cellular sources of IL26 in spondyloarthritis. Methods Serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n = 15-35) and synovial tissue (n = 3-9) of adult patients with axSpA, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 5) were evaluated by ELISA, flow cytometry including PrimeFlow assay, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR. Results Synovial tissue of axSpA patients shows significantly more IL26-positive cells than that of HCs (p < 0.01), but numbers are also elevated in PsA and RA patients. Immunofluorescence shows co-localization of IL26 with CD68, but not with CD3, SMA, CD163, cadherin-11, or CD90. IL26 is elevated in the serum of RA and PsA (but not axSpA) patients compared with HCs (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). However, peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from axSpA and PsA patients show higher positivity for IL26 in the PrimeFlow assay compared with HCs. CD4+ memory T cells from axSpA patients produce more IL26 under Th17-favoring conditions (IL-1β and IL-23) than cells from PsA and RA patients or HCs. Conclusion IL26 production is increased in the synovial tissue of SpA and can be localized to CD68+ macrophage-like synoviocytes, whereas circulating IL26+ Th17 cells are only modestly enriched. Considering the osteoproliferative properties of IL26, this offers new therapeutic options independent of Th17 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Hammitzsch
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ossadnik
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Quirin Bachmann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga Merwald-Fraenk
- Amedes Holding AG, Ambulatory Healthcare Center (MVZ) Endokrinologikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Lorenz
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Klinik Augustinum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Wiesent
- Amedes Holding AG, Ambulatory Healthcare Center (MVZ) Endokrinologikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Mühlhofer
- Clinic and Policlinic of Orthopaedics and Sports’ Orthopaedics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Davide Simone
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bowness
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Arbogast
- Department of Rheumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Klinik Oberammergau, Waldburg-Zeil Kliniken GmbH und Co KG, Oberammergau, Germany
| | - Philipp Moog
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wen L, Chen YX, Liu JR, Li T, Jiang JZ, Guo JQ, Zhang LJ, Huang J. Case report: Inflammatory bowel disease triggered by secukinumab in a female case of axial spondyloarthritis accompanied with symptomatic epilepsy. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15194. [PMID: 38766681 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wen
- Rheumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Xia Chen
- Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Ru Liu
- Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Li
- Radiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Zhao Jiang
- Radiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Gastroenterology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Rheumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxian Huang
- Rheumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Wijesundara YH, Howlett TS, Kumari S, Gassensmith JJ. The Promise and Potential of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks in Vaccine Nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3013-3036. [PMID: 38408451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The immune system's complexity and ongoing evolutionary struggle against deleterious pathogens underscore the value of vaccination technologies, which have been bolstering human immunity for over two centuries. Despite noteworthy advancements over these 200 years, three areas remain recalcitrant to improvement owing to the environmental instability of the biomolecules used in vaccines─the challenges of formulating them into controlled release systems, their need for constant refrigeration to avoid loss of efficacy, and the requirement that they be delivered via needle owing to gastrointestinal incompatibility. Nanotechnology, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), has emerged as a promising avenue for confronting these challenges, presenting a new frontier in vaccine development. Although these materials have been widely explored in the context of drug delivery, imaging, and cancer immunotherapy, their role in immunology and vaccine-related applications is a recent yet rapidly developing field. This review seeks to elucidate the prospective use of MOFs and COFs for biomaterial stabilization, eliminating the necessity for cold chains, enhancing antigen potency as adjuvants, and potentializing needle-free delivery of vaccines. It provides an expansive and critical viewpoint on this rapidly evolving field of research and emphasizes the vital contribution of chemists in driving further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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12
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Bowser S, Melton-Celsa A, Chapartegui-González I, Torres AG. Efficacy of EHEC gold nanoparticle vaccines evaluated with the Shiga toxin-producing Citrobacter rodentium mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0226123. [PMID: 38047703 PMCID: PMC10783022 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02261-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) remains an important cause of diarrheal disease and complications worldwide, especially in children, yet there are no available vaccines for human use. Inadequate pre-clinical evaluation due to inconsistent animal models remains a major barrier to novel vaccine development. We demonstrate the usefulness of Stx2d-producing Citrobacter rodentium in assessing vaccine effectiveness because it more closely recapitulates human disease caused by EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bowser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Angela Melton-Celsa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Itziar Chapartegui-González
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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13
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Desai AK, Smith PB, Yi JS, Rosenberg AS, Burt TD, Kishnani PS. Immunophenotype associated with high sustained antibody titers against enzyme replacement therapy in infantile-onset Pompe disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1301912. [PMID: 38250073 PMCID: PMC10798041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa for infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) is limited in some patients due to the development of high and sustained antibody titers (HSAT; ≥12,800). Methods We carried out detailed immunophenotyping of IOPD patients (n=40), including analysis of circulating cell populations by flow cytometry and plasma cytokines by multiplex array, to determine whether patients with HSAT have unique immunological characteristics compared to those with low titers (LT; <12,800). Results Compared to patients with LT, patients who develop HSAT were skewed toward a type 2 immune profile, with an increased frequency of Th2 cells that was positively correlated with levels of Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β) cytokines. B cells were increased in HSAT patients with a decreased fraction of unswitched memory B cells. Plasma GM-CSF concentrations were lower on average in HSAT patients, while CXCL11 was elevated. Finally, using principal components analysis, we derived an HSAT Signature Score that successfully stratified patients according to their antibody titers. Discussion The immune profiles revealed in this study not only identify potential biomarkers of patients that developed HSAT but also provide insights into the pathophysiology of HSAT that will ultimately lead to improved immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit K. Desai
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - P. Brian Smith
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John S. Yi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Trevor D. Burt
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Priya S. Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
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14
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Buchacher T, Shetty A, Koskela SA, Smolander J, Kaukonen R, Sousa AGG, Junttila S, Laiho A, Rundquist O, Lönnberg T, Marson A, Rasool O, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. PIM kinases regulate early human Th17 cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113469. [PMID: 38039135 PMCID: PMC10765319 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinase family (i.e., PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) has been extensively studied in tumorigenesis. PIM kinases are downstream of several cytokine signaling pathways that drive immune-mediated diseases. Uncontrolled T helper 17 (Th17) cell activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. However, the detailed molecular function of PIMs in human Th17 cell regulation has yet to be studied. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated how the three PIMs simultaneously alter transcriptional gene regulation during early human Th17 cell differentiation. By combining PIM triple knockdown with bulk and scRNA-seq approaches, we found that PIM deficiency promotes the early expression of key Th17-related genes while suppressing Th1-lineage genes. Further, PIMs modulate Th cell signaling, potentially via STAT1 and STAT3. Overall, our study highlights the inhibitory role of PIMs in human Th17 cell differentiation, thereby suggesting their association with autoimmune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Buchacher
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ankitha Shetty
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Saara A Koskela
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johannes Smolander
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riina Kaukonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - António G G Sousa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Rundquist
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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15
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Li X, Wang F, Gao Z, Huang W, Zhang X, Liu F, Yi H, Guan J, Wu X, Xu H, Yin S. Melatonin attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127480. [PMID: 37659335 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) triggers subclinical intestinal barrier disruption prior to systemic low-grade inflammation. Increasing evidence suggests therapeutic effects of melatonin on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota remodelling. However, whether and how melatonin alleviates CIH-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 J mice and Caco-2 cell line were treated. We evaluated gut barrier function spectrophotometrically using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dextran. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect morphological changes in the mechanical barrier. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression of tight junctions, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels. 16 S rRNA analysis of the colonic contents microflora. Flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and Th17 cells with and without melatonin supplementation. KEY RESULTS We found that CIH could induce colonic mucosal injury, including reduction in the number of goblet cells and decrease the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. CIH could decrease the abundance of the beneficial genera Clostridium, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides, while increasing the abundance of the pathogenic genera Desulfovibrio and Bifidobacterium. Finally, CIH facilitated Th17 differentiation via the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in vitro and elevated the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine in vivo. Melatonin supplementation ameliorated CIH-induced intestinal mucosal injury, gut microbiota dysbiosis, enteric Th17 polarization, and systemic low-grade inflammation reactions mentioned-above. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Melatonin attenuated CIH-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating gut flora dysbiosis, mucosal epithelium integrity, and Th17 polarization via STAT3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Caobao Road 8, Shanghai 200235, China.
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
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16
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White Z, Cabrera I, Kapustka I, Sano T. Microbiota as key factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1155388. [PMID: 37901813 PMCID: PMC10611514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which is thought to occur due to dysregulation of the immune system allowing the host's cells to attack the GI tract and cause chronic inflammation. IBD can be caused by numerous factors such as genetics, gut microbiota, and environmental influences. In recent years, emphasis on commensal bacteria as a critical player in IBD has been at the forefront of new research. Each individual harbors a unique bacterial community that is influenced by diet, environment, and sanitary conditions. Importantly, it has been shown that there is a complex relationship among the microbiome, activation of the immune system, and autoimmune disorders. Studies have shown that not only does the microbiome possess pathogenic roles in the progression of IBD, but it can also play a protective role in mediating tissue damage. Therefore, to improve current IBD treatments, understanding not only the role of harmful bacteria but also the beneficial bacteria could lead to attractive new drug targets. Due to the considerable diversity of the microbiome, it has been challenging to characterize how particular microorganisms interact with the host and other microbiota. Fortunately, with the emergence of next-generation sequencing and the increased prevalence of germ-free animal models there has been significant advancement in microbiome studies. By utilizing human IBD studies and IBD mouse models focused on intraepithelial lymphocytes and innate lymphoid cells, this review will explore the multifaceted roles the microbiota plays in influencing the immune system in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teruyuki Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Wang J, Zhao X, Wan YY. Intricacies of TGF-β signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1002-1022. [PMID: 37217798 PMCID: PMC10468540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt distinct functions to maintain tolerance and clear pathogens. Dysregulation of Th cell function often leads to maladies, including autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, and infection. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are critical Th cell types involved in immune tolerance, homeostasis, pathogenicity, and pathogen clearance. It is therefore critical to understand how Treg and Th17 cells are regulated in health and disease. Cytokines are instrumental in directing Treg and Th17 cell function. The evolutionarily conserved TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) cytokine superfamily is of particular interest because it is central to the biology of both Treg cells that are predominantly immunosuppressive and Th17 cells that can be proinflammatory, pathogenic, and immune regulatory. How TGF-β superfamily members and their intricate signaling pathways regulate Treg and Th17 cell function is a question that has been intensely investigated for two decades. Here, we introduce the fundamental biology of TGF-β superfamily signaling, Treg cells, and Th17 cells and discuss in detail how the TGF-β superfamily contributes to Treg and Th17 cell biology through complex yet ordered and cooperative signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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18
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Meinen-Jochum J, Ott LC, Mellata M. Segmented filamentous bacteria-based treatment to elicit protection against Enterobacteriaceae in Layer chickens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231837. [PMID: 37583515 PMCID: PMC10423809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbes like segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) play a key role in gut maturation during early life, as demonstrated in humans and mice. Our previous study demonstrated oral inoculation of ileum-spores containing SFB to chickens after hatch increases early SFB gut colonization, which increases immune maturation and resistance to bacteria, like Salmonella, as tested in vitro; however, more studies are needed for treatment optimization and in vivo testing. The objectives of this study were to (1) test a treatment that includes both spores and filamentous SFB, (2) validate antimicrobial ability of the treatment in layer hens in vivo, and (3) elucidate its molecular mechanism. Methods One-day-old specific pathogen-free layers (n = 12 per group) were orally treated with either PBS (CON) or SFB-based treatment (SFB). At 4 days post-inoculation (DPI), both CON and SFB groups were orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Total Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella were examined by plating and enumeration in feces at 7,10 and 14 dpi; and in the ileum, cecum, and spleen at 16 dpi in euthanized birds. The presence and levels of SFB were determined from ilea scrapings via microscopy and qPCR, respectively. Relative gene expression of host-derived antimicrobial peptides and cytokines in the distal ileum was determined by RT-qPCR. Results At 10 and 14 dpi, a significant decrease in total Enterobacteriaceae was observed in the feces of the SFB group. At necropsy, the level of SFB was significantly higher in the SFB group than in the CON group, while a significant decrease in total Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella was observed in the ceca of the SFB group. RT-qPCR revealed increased expression of β-defensin 14, and cytokines IL-10 and IFNγ. Discussion The introduction of SFB at hatch as a prophylactic treatment may benefit commercial partners as well as consumers by reducing the incidence of Enterobacteriaceae in food animals. Reduction of these bacteria in animals would, in turn, increase animal health, productivity, and safety for consumers. Studies to optimize the treatment for poultry industry applications are ongoing in our lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Meinen-Jochum
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Logan C. Ott
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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19
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Hugon AM, Golos TG. Listeria monocytogenes infection in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells with exposure to progesterone and estradiol-17beta in a gestational infection model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550068. [PMID: 37503025 PMCID: PMC10370168 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food-borne pathogen associated with serious pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and meningitis. Although Lm infection within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is well studied, little is known about the influence sex hormones may have on listeriosis. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) not only have receptors within the GI tract but are significantly increased during pregnancy. The presence of these hormones may play a role in susceptibility to listeriosis during pregnancy. Caco-2 cell monolayers were grown on trans-well inserts in the presence of E2, P4, both E2 and P4, or no hormones (control). Cells were inoculated with Lm for 1 hour, before rinsing with gentamycin and transfer to fresh media. Trans-epithelial resistance was recorded hourly, and bacterial burden of the apical media, intracellular lysates, and basal media were assessed at 6 hours post inoculation. There were no significant differences in bacterial replication when directly exposed to sex steroids, and Caco-2 cell epithelial barrier function was not impacted during culture with Lm. Addition of P4 significantly reduced intracellular bacterial burden compared to E2 only and no hormone controls. Interestingly, E2 only treatment was associated with significantly increased Lm within the basal compartment, compared to reduction in the intracellular and apical layers. These data indicate that increased circulating sex hormones alone do not significantly impact intestinal epithelial barrier integrity during listeriosis, but that addition of P4 and E2, alone or in combination, was associated with reduced epithelial cell bacterial burden and apical release of Lm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Casto-Rebollo C, Argente MJ, García ML, Pena RN, Blasco A, Ibáñez-Escriche N. Selection for environmental variance shifted the gut microbiome composition driving animal resilience. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:147. [PMID: 37400907 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how the host's microbiome shapes phenotypes and participates in the host response to selection is fundamental for evolutionists and animal and plant breeders. Currently, selection for resilience is considered a critical step in improving the sustainability of livestock systems. Environmental variance (V E), the within-individual variance of a trait, has been successfully used as a proxy for animal resilience. Selection for reduced V E could effectively shift gut microbiome composition; reshape the inflammatory response, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels; and drive animal resilience. This study aimed to determine the gut microbiome composition underlying the V E of litter size (LS), for which we performed a metagenomic analysis in two rabbit populations divergently selected for low (n = 36) and high (n = 34) V E of LS. Partial least square-discriminant analysis and alpha- and beta-diversity were computed to determine the differences in gut microbiome composition among the rabbit populations. RESULTS We identified 116 KEGG IDs, 164 COG IDs, and 32 species with differences in abundance between the two rabbit populations studied. These variables achieved a classification performance of the V E rabbit populations of over than 80%. Compared to the high V E population, the low V E (resilient) population was characterized by an underrepresentation of Megasphaera sp., Acetatifactor muris, Bacteroidetes rodentium, Ruminococcus bromii, Bacteroidetes togonis, and Eggerthella sp. and greater abundances of Alistipes shahii, Alistipes putredinis, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Sutterella, among others. Differences in abundance were also found in pathways related to biofilm formation, quorum sensing, glutamate, and amino acid aromatic metabolism. All these results suggest differences in gut immunity modulation, closely related to resilience. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that selection for V E of LS can shift the gut microbiome composition. The results revealed differences in microbiome composition related to gut immunity modulation, which could contribute to the differences in resilience among rabbit populations. The selection-driven shifts in gut microbiome composition should make a substantial contribution to the remarkable genetic response observed in the V E rabbit populations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - María José Argente
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria Y Agroambiental (CIAGRO_UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312, Spain
| | - María Luz García
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria Y Agroambiental (CIAGRO_UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312, Spain
| | - Ramona Natacha Pena
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustín Blasco
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.
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21
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Faas MM, Liu Y, Wekema L, Weis GA, van Loo-Bouwman CA, Silva Lagos L. The Effect of Antibiotics Treatment on the Maternal Immune Response and Gut Microbiome in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2723. [PMID: 37375627 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota are involved in adaptations of the maternal immune response to pregnancy. We therefore hypothesized that inducing gut dysbiosis during pregnancy alters the maternal immune response. Thus, pregnant mice received antibiotics from day 9 to day 16 to disturb the maternal gut microbiome. Feces were collected before, during and after antibiotic treatment, and microbiota were measured using 16S RNA sequencing. Mice were sacrificed at day 18 of pregnancy and intestinal (Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)) and peripheral immune responses (blood and spleen) were measured using flow cytometry. Antibiotic treatment decreased fetal and placental weight. The bacterial count and the Shannon index were significantly decreased (Friedman, followed by Dunn's test, p < 0.05) and the bacterial genera abundance was significantly changed (Permanova, p < 0.05) following antibiotics treatment as compared with before treatment. Splenic Th1 cells and activated blood monocytes were increased, while Th2, Th17 and FoxP3/RoRgT double-positive cells in the PP and MLNs were decreased in pregnant antibiotics-treated mice as compared with untreated pregnant mice. In addition, intestinal dendritic cell subsets were affected by antibiotics. Correlation of immune cells with bacterial genera showed various correlations between immune cells in the PP, MLN and peripheral circulation (blood and spleen). We conclude the disturbed gut microbiota after antibiotics treatment disturbed the maternal immune response. This disturbed maternal immune response may affect fetal and placental weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanrui Liu
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieske Wekema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela A Weis
- Yili Innovation Center Europe, Bronland 12 E-1, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luis Silva Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Duarte MJ, Tien PC, Somsouk M, Price JC. The human microbiome and gut-liver axis in people living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:170-180. [PMID: 37129834 PMCID: PMC10232565 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). Emerging data suggests that gut microbial translocation may play a role in driving and modulating liver disease, a bi-directional relationship termed the gut-liver axis. While it is recognized that PLWH have a high degree of dysbiosis and gut microbial translocation, little is known about the gut-liver axis in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that microbial translocation can directly lead to hepatic inflammation, and have linked gut microbial signatures, dysbiosis, and translocation to liver disease in PLWH. Additionally, multiple trials have explored interventions targeting the microbiome in PLWH. Emerging research supports the interaction between the gut microbiome and liver disease in PLWH. This offers new opportunities to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease in this population, as well as to explore possible clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Duarte
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Wu L, An R, Xi Y, Tang Z, Li T, Xu Y, Pang J, Peng X, Sun W, Sun Z. Immunomodulatory Effect of Isocaloric Diets with Different Protein Contents on Young Adult Sprague Dawley Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081597. [PMID: 37107392 PMCID: PMC10138247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the potential mechanisms of dietary protein on intestinal and host health, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of isocaloric diets with high or low crude protein (CP) contents on young adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 180 healthy male rats were randomly assigned to six groups (six replicate pens per treatment with five rats per pen) and fed diets with 10% CP, 14% CP, 20% CP (control), 28% CP, 38% CP, and 50% CP. Compared with the control diet, the rats fed the 14% CP diet significantly elevated lymphocyte cell counts in the peripheral blood and ileum, whereas the 38% CP diet significantly activated the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the colonic mucosa (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 50% CP diet reduced growth performance and fat deposition and increased the percentages of CD4+ T, B, and NK cells in the peripheral blood and the colonic mucosal expression of IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-β. Overall, rats fed the 14% CP diet enhanced host immunity by increasing the numbers of immune cells, and the immunological state and growth of SD rats were negatively impacted by the diet containing 50% CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui An
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yuyue Xi
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Academy of Chinese Natural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xie Peng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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24
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Yang L, Shen WW, Shao W, Zhao Q, Pang GZ, Yang Y, Tao XF, Zhang WP, Mei Q, Shen YX. MANF ameliorates DSS-induced mouse colitis via restricting Ly6C hiCX3CR1 int macrophage transformation and suppressing CHOP-BATF2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1175-1190. [PMID: 36635421 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), an endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible secreting protein, has evolutionarily conserved immune-regulatory function that contributes to the negative regulation of inflammation in macrophages. In this study, we investigated the profiles of MANF in the macrophages of the patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the mice with experimental colitis, which was induced in both myeloid cell-specific MANF knockout mice and wild-type mice by 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days. We found that MANF expression was significantly increased in intestinal macrophages from both the mice with experimental colitis and patients with active IBD. DSS-induced colitis was exacerbated in myeloid cell-specific MANF knockout mice. Injection of recombinant human MANF (rhMANF, 10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.v.) from D4 to D6 significantly ameliorated experimental colitis in DSS-treated mice. More importantly, MANF deficiency in myeloid cells resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of Ly6ChiCX3CRint proinflammatory macrophages in colon lamina propria of DSS-treated mice, and the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were upregulated as well. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that MANF attenuated Th17-mediated immunopathology by inhibiting BATF2-mediated innate immune response and downregulating CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IL-12p40; MANF functioned as a negative regulator in inflammatory macrophages via inhibiting CHOP-BATF2 signaling pathway, thereby protecting against DSS-induced mouse colitis. These results suggest that MANF ameliorates colon injury by negatively regulating inflammatory macrophage transformation, which shed light on a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wen-Wen Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gao-Zong Pang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiong Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Xian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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25
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Bai Y, Zheng M, Fu R, Du J, Wang J, Zhang M, Fan Y, Huang X, Li Z. Effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the intestinal flora of rats with functional dyspepsia. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105927. [PMID: 36529285 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) is one of the most commonly used traditional fermented Chinese medicines. MMF is widely used for the treatment of digestive diseases such as dyspepsia and flatulence in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the therapeutic mechanism of MMF is not well understood. METHOD In this study, SD rats received 0.1% iodoacetamide either alone or in combination with water platform sleep deprivation to induce functional dyspepsia and were administered MMF (1 or 3 g/kg/d, ig), mosapride citrate (Mosa., 2 mg/kg/d, ig) or saline for 21 days. After treatment, the sucrose preferences and gastric emptying rates of the rats were assessed; HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in the rat duodenum; ELISA kits were used to detect motilin (MTL) in the rat duodenum and the serum contents of Interferon-λ (IFN-λ), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). An approach based on 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was utilized to explore the intestinal microflora in the colon contents of rats and the metabolism of the microflora to assess the potential mechanisms of MMF in ameliorating functional dyspepsia (FD). In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect changes in short fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon contents of rats. RESULTS MMF reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, and IFN-λ, improved the morphology of duodenal intestinal villi and ameliorated intestinal mucosal lamina propria injury in FD rats, and the sucrose preference increased and the gastric emptying rate decreased in FD rats. MMF alleviated intestinal microflora disturbance and exerted a regulatory effect on Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, reduced total SCAFs, Butyric Acid, Propionic acid-2-methyl, Butanoic Acid-3-methyl, and Hexanoic acid. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that the effect of MMF on the intestinal flora and its metabolites may provide a new treatment strategy for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Bai
- School of Pharmacy, MINZU University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Minsi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, MINZU University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Rao Fu
- School of Pharmacy, MINZU University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jie Du
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100195, China.
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, MINZU University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Mingshuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, MINZU University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yannan Fan
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100195, China.
| | - Xiulan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, MINZU University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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26
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Blázquez-Bondia C, Parera M, Català-Moll F, Casadellà M, Elizalde-Torrent A, Aguiló M, Espadaler-Mazo J, Santos JR, Paredes R, Noguera-Julian M. Probiotic effects on immunity and microbiome in HIV-1 discordant patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1066036. [PMID: 36569851 PMCID: PMC9774487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some HIV-1 infected patients are unable to completely recover normal CD4+ T-cell (CD4+) counts after achieving HIV-1 suppression with combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART), hence being classified as immuno-discordant. The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and is a potential target towards immune reconstitution. Setting RECOVER (NCT03542786) was a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate if the novel probiotic i3.1 (AB-Biotics, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain) was able to improve immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infected immuno-discordant patients with stable cART and CD4+ counts <500 cells/mm3. The mixture consisted of two strains of L. plantarum and one of P. acidilactici, given with or without a fiber-based prebiotic. Methods 71 patients were randomized 1:2:2 to Placebo, Probiotic or probiotic + prebiotic (Synbiotic), and were followed over 6 months + 3-month washout period, in which changes on systemic immune status and gut microbiome were evaluated. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability of the investigational product. Secondary endpoints were changes on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell (CD8+) counts, inflammation markers and faecal microbiome structure, defined by alpha diversity (Gene Richness), beta diversity (Bray-Curtis) and functional profile. Comparisons across/within groups were performed using standard/paired Wilcoxon test, respectively. Results Adverse event (AE) incidence was similar among groups (53%, 33%, and 55% in the Placebo, Probiotic and Synbiotic groups, respectively, the most common being grade 1 digestive AEs: flatulence, bloating and diarrhoea. Two grade 3 AEs were reported, all in the Synbiotic group: abdominal distension (possibly related) and malignant lung neoplasm (unrelated), and 1 grade 4 AE in the Placebo: hepatocarcinoma (unrelated). Synbiotic exposure was associated with a higher increase in CD4+/CD8+ T-cell (CD4/CD8) ratio at 6 months vs baseline (median=0.76(IQR=0.51) vs 0.72(0. 45), median change= 0.04(IQR=0.19), p = 0.03). At month 9, the Synbiotic group had a significant increase in CD4/CD8 ratio (0.827(0.55) vs 0.825(0.53), median change = 0.04(IQR=0.15), p= 0.02) relative to baseline, and higher CD4+ counts (447 (157) vs. 342(73) counts/ml, p = 0.03), and lower sCD14 values (2.16(0.67) vs 3.18(0.8), p = 0.008) than Placebo. No effect in immune parameters was observed in the Probiotic arm. None of the two interventions modified microbial gene richness (alpha diversity). However, intervention as categorical variable was associated with slight but significant effect on Bray-Curtis distance variance (Adonis R2 = 0.02, p = 0.005). Additionally, at month 6, Synbiotic intervention was associated with lower pathway abundances vs Placebo of Assimilatory Sulphate Reduction (8.79·10-6 (1.25·10-5) vs. 1.61·10-5 (2.77·10-5), p = 0.03) and biosynthesis of methionine (2.3·10-5 (3.17·10-5) vs. 4·10-5 (5.66·10-5), p = 0.03) and cysteine (1.83·10-5 (2.56·10-5) vs. 3.3·10-5 (4.62·10-5), p = 0.03). At month 6, probiotic detection in faeces was associated with significant decreases in C Reactive Protein (CRP) vs baseline (11.1(22) vs. 19.2(66), median change= -2.7 (13.2) ug/ml, p = 0.04) and lower IL-6 values (0.58(1.13) vs. 1.17(1.59) ug/ml, p = 0.02) when compared with samples with no detectable probiotic. No detection of the probiotic was associated with higher CD4/CD8 ratio at month 6 vs baseline (0.718(0.57) vs. 0.58(0.4), median change = 0.4(0.2), p = 0.02). After washout, probiotic non-detection was also associated with a significant increase in CD4+ counts (457(153) vs. 416(142), median change = 45(75), counts/ml, p = 0.005) and CD4/CD8 ratio (0.67(0.5) vs 0.59(0.49), median change = 0.04 (0.18), p = 0.02). Conclusion A synbiotic intervention with L. plantarum and P. acidilactici was safe and led to small increases in CD4/CD8 ratio and minor reductions in sCD14 of uncertain clinical significance. A probiotic with the same composition was also safe but did not achieve any impact on immune parameters or faecal microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Ramon Santos
- Infectious Diseases Department and Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain,Infectious Diseases Department and Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain,Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic – UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain,Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain,Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic – UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain,Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Marc Noguera-Julian,
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Hernandez J, Tamargo JA, Sales Martinez S, Martin HR, Campa A, Sékaly RP, Bordi R, Sherman KE, Rouster SD, Meeds HL, Khalsa JH, Mandler RN, Lai S, Baum MK. Cocaine use associated gut permeability and microbial translocation in people living with HIV in the Miami Adult Study on HIV (MASH) cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275675. [PMID: 36215260 PMCID: PMC9550062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine if cocaine use impacts gut permeability, promotes microbial translocation and immune activation in people living with HIV (PLWH) using effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 100 PLWH (ART ≥6 months, HIV-RNA <200 copies/mL) from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Cocaine use was assessed by self-report, urine screen, and blood benzoylecgonine (BE). Blood samples were collected to assess gut permeability (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, I-FABP), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), immune activation (sCD14, sCD27, and sCD163) and markers of inflammation (hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships of cocaine use. RESULTS A total of 37 cocaine users and 63 cocaine non-users were evaluated. Cocaine users had higher levels of I-FABP (7.92±0.35 vs. 7.69±0.56 pg/mL, P = 0.029) and LPS (0.76±0.24 vs. 0.54±0.27 EU/mL, P<0.001) than cocaine non-users. Cocaine use was also associated with the levels of LPS (P<0.001), I-FABP (P = 0.033), and sCD163 (P = 0.010) after adjusting for covariates. Cocaine users had 5.15 times higher odds to exhibit higher LPS levels than non-users (OR: 5.15 95% CI: 1.89-13.9; P<0.001). Blood levels of BE were directly correlated with LPS (rho = 0.276, P = 0.028), sCD14 (rho = 0.274, P = 0.031), and sCD163 (rho = 0.250, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Cocaine use was associated with markers of gut permeability, microbial translocation, and immune activation in virally suppressed PLWH. Mitigation of cocaine use may prevent further gastrointestinal damage and immune activation in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hernandez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Javier A. Tamargo
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Sales Martinez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Haley R. Martin
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Adriana Campa
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sékaly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebeka Bordi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susan D. Rouster
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Meeds
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jag H. Khalsa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Raul N. Mandler
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marianna K. Baum
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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28
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Han X, Zang D, Liu D, Chen J. The multifaceted roles of common gut microbiota in immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis: From mechanism to clinical application. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988849. [PMID: 36189293 PMCID: PMC9515466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the arrival of the era of tumor immunotherapy, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors have benefited countless tumor patients. However, the emergence of Immune-Related Adverse Events, especially Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Colitis (IMC), has become an important obstacle to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the mechanism and influencing factors of IMC. The effect of gut microbiota on IMC is gradually becoming a research hotspot. Gut microbiota from different phyla can affect IMC by regulating innate and acquired immunity of tumor patients in various ways. In this review, we make a systematic and comprehensive introduction of the effect of gut microbiota on IMC. Through understanding the specific effects of gut microbiota on IMC, and then exploring the possibility of reducing IMC by regulating gut microbiota.
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29
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Jiang Z, Wu C. Reciprocal Interactions Between Regulatory T Cells and Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951339. [PMID: 35860233 PMCID: PMC9289291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play a crucial role for immune repression and tolerance, protecting the body from autoimmunity and inflammation. Previous studies indicate that intestinal Treg cells are one specialized population of Treg cells, distinct from those in other organ compartments, both functionally and phenotypically. Specific external and internal signals, particularly the presence of microbiota, shape these Treg cells to better cooperate with the gut ecosystem, controlling intestinal physiology. The integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier represents a key feature of gut immune tolerance, which can be regulated by multiple factors. Emerging evidence suggests that bidirectional interactions between gut epithelium and resident T cells significantly contribute to intestinal barrier function. Understanding how Treg cells regulate intestinal barrier integrity provides insights into immune tolerance-mediated mucosal homeostasis, which can further illuminate potential therapeutic strategies for treating inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Jiang
- Sun-Yat Sen University, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Jiang, ; Chuan Wu,
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Jiang, ; Chuan Wu,
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30
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Rashed R, Valcheva R, Dieleman LA. Manipulation of Gut Microbiota as a Key Target for Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:887044. [PMID: 35783604 PMCID: PMC9244564 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.887044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) sub-type characterized by transmural chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Research indicates a complex CD etiology involving genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation in response to environmental triggers. The chronic mucosal inflammation has been associated with a dysregulated state, or dysbiosis, of the gut microbiome (bacteria), mycobiome (fungi), virome (bacteriophages and viruses), and archeaome (archaea) further affecting the interkingdom syntrophic relationships and host metabolism. Microbiota dysbiosis in CD is largely described by an increase in facultative anaerobic pathobionts at the expense of strict anaerobic Firmicutes, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In the mycobiome, reduced fungal diversity and fungal-bacteria interactions, along with a significantly increased abundance of Candida spp. and a decrease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are well documented. Virome analysis also indicates a significant decrease in phage diversity, but an overall increase in phages infecting bacterial groups associated with intestinal inflammation. Finally, an increase in methanogenic archaea such as Methanosphaera stadtmanae exhibits high immunogenic potential and is associated with CD etiology. Common anti-inflammatory medications used in CD management (amino-salicylates, immunomodulators, and biologics) could also directly or indirectly affect the gut microbiome in CD. Other medications often used concomitantly in IBD, such as antibiotics, antidepressants, oral contraceptives, opioids, and proton pump inhibitors, have shown to alter the gut microbiota and account for increased susceptibility to disease onset or worsening of disease progression. In contrast, some environmental modifications through alternative therapies including fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), diet and dietary supplements with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have shown potential protective effects by reversing microbiota dysbiosis or by directly promoting beneficial microbes, together with minimal long-term adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the different approaches to modulating the global consortium of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea in patients with CD through therapies that include antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, personalized diets, and FMT. We hope to provide evidence to encourage clinicians and researchers to incorporate these therapies into CD treatment options, along with making them aware of the limitations of these therapies, and indicate where more research is needed.
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31
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Mechanisms for the Invasion and Dissemination of Salmonella. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2655801. [PMID: 35722038 PMCID: PMC9203224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2655801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a gastroenteric Gram-negative bacterium that can infect both humans and animals and causes millions of illnesses per year around the world. Salmonella infections usually occur after the consumption of contaminated food or water. Infections with Salmonella species can cause diseases ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever. Salmonella has developed multiple strategies to invade and establish a systemic infection in the host. Different cell types, including epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and M cells, are important in the infection process of Salmonella. Dissemination throughout the body and colonization of remote organs are hallmarks of Salmonella infection. There are several routes for the dissemination of Salmonella typhimurium. This review summarizes the current understanding of the infection mechanisms of Salmonella. Additionally, different routes of Salmonella infection will be discussed. In this review, the strategies used by Salmonella enterica to establish persistent infection will be discussed. Understanding both the bacterial and host factors leading to the successful colonization of Salmonella enterica may enable the rational design of effective therapeutic strategies.
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32
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Mkhikian H, Hayama KL, Khachikyan K, Li C, Zhou RW, Pawling J, Klaus S, Tran PQN, Ly KM, Gong AD, Saryan H, Hai JL, Grigoryan D, Lee PL, Newton BL, Raffatellu M, Dennis JW, Demetriou M. Age-associated impairment of T cell immunity is linked to sex-dimorphic elevation of N-glycan branching. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:231-242. [PMID: 35528547 PMCID: PMC9075523 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Impaired T cell immunity with aging increases mortality from infectious disease. The branching of Asparagine-linked glycans is a critical negative regulator of T cell immunity. Here we show that branching increases with age in females more than males, in naïve more than memory T cells, and in CD4+ more than CD8+ T cells. Female sex hormones and thymic output of naïve T cells (TN) decrease with age, however neither thymectomy nor ovariectomy altered branching. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling was increased in old female more than male mouse TN cells, and triggered increased branching. N-acetylglucosamine, a rate-limiting metabolite for branching, increased with age in humans and synergized with IL-7 to raise branching. Reversing elevated branching rejuvenated T cell function and reduced severity of Salmonella infection in old female mice. These data suggest sex-dimorphic antagonistic pleiotropy, where IL-7 initially benefits immunity through TN maintenance but inhibits TN function by raising branching synergistically with age-dependent increases in N-acetylglucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haik Mkhikian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ken L Hayama
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Khachik Khachikyan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Carey Li
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Raymond W Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Judy Pawling
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzi Klaus
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Q N Tran
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kim M Ly
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Saryan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jasper L Hai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Grigoryan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip L Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara L Newton
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines, Chiba University-UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Demetriou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Anam K, Endharti AT, Poeranto S, Sujuti H, Hidayati DYN, Prawiro SR. Shigella flexneri vaccine development: Oral administration of peptides derived from the 49.8 kDa pili protein subunit activates the intestinal immune response in mice. Vet World 2022; 15:281-287. [PMID: 35400957 PMCID: PMC8980390 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.281-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The morbidity and mortality of Shigella infections remain a global challenge. Epitope-based vaccine development is an emerging strategy to prevent bacterial invasion. This study aimed to identify the ability of the 49.8 kDa pili subunit adhesin protein epitope of Shigella flexneri to induce an intestinal immune response in mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Balb/c mice were divided into a control group, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) group, CTB+QSSTGTNSQSDLDS (pep_1) group, CTB+DTTITKAETKTVTKNQVVDTPVTTDAAK (pep_2) group, and CTB+ ATLGATLNRLDFNVNNK (pep_3). We performed immunization by orally administering 50 μg of antigen and 50 μl of adjuvant once a week over 4 weeks. We assessed the cellular immune response by quantifying T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 using flow cytometry. In addition, we assessed the humoral immune response by quantifying interleukin (IL-4), IL-17, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and β-defensin using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Peptide oral immunization increases the cellular immune response as reflected by the increase of Th2 (p=0.019) and Th17 (p=0.004) cell counts, particularly in the CTB_pep_1 group. Humoral immune response activation was demonstrated by increased IL-4 levels, especially in the CTB+pep_3 group (p=0.000). The IL-17 level was increased significantly in the CTB+pep_1 group (p=0.042). The mucosal immune response was demonstrated by the sIgA levels increase in the CTB+pep_3 group (p=0.042) and the β-defensin protein levels (p=0.000). Conclusion: All selected peptides activated the cellular and humoral immune responses in the intestine of mice. Further studies are necessary to optimize antigen delivery and evaluate whether the neutralizing properties of these peptides allow them to prevent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoirul Anam
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Study Program of Medical Laboratory Technology, Institute of Health and Science Technology Wiyata Husada, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Tri Endharti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Poeranto
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Yuni Nur Hidayati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sumarno Reto Prawiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Riedel S, Pheiffer C, Johnson R, Louw J, Muller CJF. Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis Are Missing Links in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:833544. [PMID: 35145486 PMCID: PMC8821109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.833544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), place a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The rising prevalence of obesity, a major risk factor for T2D, is mainly attributed to the adoption of Westernized diets and lifestyle, which cause metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet may also induce changes in the microbiota composition, thereby affecting intestinal immunity. The critical role of intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier function in the development of T2D is increasingly acknowledged, however, limited studies have investigated the link between intestinal function and metabolic disease. In this review, studies reporting specific roles of the intestinal immune system and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in metabolic disease are highlighted. Innate chemokine signaling, eosinophils, immunoglobulin A (IgA), T helper (Th) 17 cells and their cytokines were associated with obesity and/or dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) emerged as critical modulators of obesity and glucose homeostasis through their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling and decontamination. Furthermore, IECs create a link between microbial metabolites and whole-body metabolic function. Future in depth studies of the intestinal immune system and IECs may provide new opportunities and targets to develop treatments and prevention strategies for obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Riedel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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35
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Zhu SQ, Liu J, Han B, Zhao WP, Zhou BH, Zhao J, Wang HW. Fluoride exposure cause colon microbiota dysbiosis by destroyed microenvironment and disturbed antimicrobial peptides expression in colon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118381. [PMID: 34673156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colon microenvironment and microbiota dysbiosis are closely related to various human metabolic diseases. In this study, a total of 72 healthy female mice were exposed to fluoride (F) (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L F-) in drinking water for 70 days. The effect of F on intestinal barrier and the diversity and composition in colon microbiota have been evaluated. Meanwhile, the relationship among F-induced colon microbiota alterations and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expression and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level also been assessed. The results suggested that F decreased the goblet cells number and glycoprotein expression in colon. And further high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing result demonstrated that F exposure induced the diversity and community composition of colonic microbiota significantly changes. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis identified 11 predominantly characteristic taxa which may be the biomarker in response to F exposure. F-induced intestinal microbiota perturbations lead to the significantly decreased SCFAs levels in colon. Immunofluorescence results showed that F increased the protein expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-22 (P < 0.01) and disturbed the expression of interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) and IL-22R (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the increased expression of IL-17A and IL-22 cooperatively enhanced the mRNA expression of AMPs which response to F-induced microbiota perturbations. Collectively, destroyed microenvironment and disturbed AMPs are the primary reason of microbiota dysbiosis in colon after F exposure. Colonic homoeostasis imbalance would be helpful for finding the source of F-induced chronic systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Quan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Peng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Schnell A, Huang L, Singer M, Singaraju A, Barilla RM, Regan BML, Bollhagen A, Thakore PI, Dionne D, Delorey TM, Pawlak M, Meyer Zu Horste G, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Irizarry RA, Regev A, Kuchroo VK. Stem-like intestinal Th17 cells give rise to pathogenic effector T cells during autoimmunity. Cell 2021; 184:6281-6298.e23. [PMID: 34875227 PMCID: PMC8900676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While intestinal Th17 cells are critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, recent studies have implicated their roles in the development of extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which tissue Th17 cells mediate these dichotomous functions remain unknown. Here, we characterized the heterogeneity, plasticity, and migratory phenotypes of tissue Th17 cells in vivo by combined fate mapping with profiling of the transcriptomes and TCR clonotypes of over 84,000 Th17 cells at homeostasis and during CNS autoimmune inflammation. Inter- and intra-organ single-cell analyses revealed a homeostatic, stem-like TCF1+ IL-17+ SLAMF6+ population that traffics to the intestine where it is maintained by the microbiota, providing a ready reservoir for the IL-23-driven generation of encephalitogenic GM-CSF+ IFN-γ+ CXCR6+ T cells. Our study defines a direct in vivo relationship between IL-17+ non-pathogenic and GM-CSF+ and IFN-γ+ pathogenic Th17 populations and provides a mechanism by which homeostatic intestinal Th17 cells direct extra-intestinal autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Linglin Huang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meromit Singer
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anvita Singaraju
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rocky M Barilla
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brianna M L Regan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alina Bollhagen
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Pratiksha I Thakore
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Toni M Delorey
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mathias Pawlak
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Horste
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rafael A Irizarry
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Sandner L, Alteneder M, Zhu C, Hladik A, Högler S, Rica R, Van Greuningen LW, Sharif O, Sakaguchi S, Knapp S, Kenner L, Trauner M, Ellmeier W, Boucheron N. The Tyrosine Kinase Tec Regulates Effector Th17 Differentiation, Pathogenicity, and Plasticity in T-Cell-Driven Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750466. [PMID: 35003062 PMCID: PMC8728872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells are not only key in controlling infections mediated by extracellular bacteria and fungi but are also triggering autoimmune responses. Th17 cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, some with pathogenic functions. They can cease to secrete their hallmark cytokine IL-17A and even convert to other T helper lineages, a process known as transdifferentiation relying on plasticity. Both pathogenicity and plasticity are tightly linked to IL-23 signaling. Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Tec is highly induced in Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation was enhanced at low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in absence of Tec, which correlates with increased STAT3 phosphorylation and higher Il23r expression. Therefore, we uncovered a function for Tec in the IL-6 sensing via STAT3 by CD4+ T cells, defining Tec as a fine-tuning negative regulator of Th17 differentiation. Subsequently, by using the IL-17A fate mapping mouse combined with in vivo adoptive transfer models, we demonstrated that Tec not only restrained effector Th17 differentiation but also pathogenicity and plasticity in a T-cell intrinsic manner. Our data further suggest that Tec regulates inflammatory Th17-driven immune responses directly impacting disease severity in a T-cell-driven colitis model. Notably, consistent with the in vitro findings, elevated levels of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) were observed on intestinal pre- and postconversion Th17 cells isolated from diseased Tec-/- mice subjected to adoptive transfer colitis, highlighting a fundamental role of Tec in restraining IL-23R expression, likely via the IL-6-STAT3 signaling axis. Taken together, these findings identify Tec as a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation, pathogenicity, and plasticity, contributing to the mechanisms which help T cells to orchestrate optimal immune protection and to restrain immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sandner
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlis Alteneder
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ci Zhu
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine 1, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Högler
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramona Rica
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Omar Sharif
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine 1, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Nicole Boucheron,
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Westdorp H, Sweep MWD, Gorris MAJ, Hoentjen F, Boers-Sonderen MJ, van der Post RS, van den Heuvel MM, Piet B, Boleij A, Bloemendal HJ, de Vries IJM. Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768957. [PMID: 34777387 PMCID: PMC8586074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided tremendous clinical benefit in several cancer types. However, systemic activation of the immune system also leads to several immune-related adverse events. Of these, ICI-mediated colitis (IMC) occurs frequently and is the one with the highest absolute fatality. To improve current treatment strategies, it is important to understand the cellular mechanisms that induce this form of colitis. In this review, we discuss important pathways that are altered in IMC in mouse models and in human colon biopsy samples. This reveals a complex interplay between several types of immune cells and the gut microbiome. In addition to a mechanistic understanding, patients at risk should be identifiable before ICI therapy. Here we propose to focus on T-cell subsets that interact with bacteria after inducing epithelial damage. Especially, intestinal resident immune cells are of interest. This may lead to a better understanding of IMC and provides opportunities for prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark W. D. Sweep
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoentjen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rachel S. van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Berber Piet
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Haiko J. Bloemendal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Prawiro SR, Kusuma MT, Amiruddin R, Sukmawati IN, Kusnaningrum Y, Nadarajah JDS, Anam K, Raras TYM, Winarsih S. GENERATING RESPONSES IMMUNE IN CELLULAR AND HUMORAL TREATMENT WITH EPITOPE SPIKE, EPITOPE ENVELOPE PROTEIN, AND EPITOPE MEMBRANE PROTEIN SARS-COV-2, HONEY, SAUSSUREA LAPPA, AND NIGELLA SATIVA. Afr J Infect Dis 2021; 15:23-30. [PMID: 34595383 PMCID: PMC8457347 DOI: 10.21010/ajidv15i2s.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane protein epitope, we concise to be HF Materials and Methods: We used to post only control design study and mice as an animal model. The research divided mice into four groups, and the first group as control received PBS as a placebo. The second, three, and last four groups gave HF, HSN, and HFHSN (combine HF and HSN). All of the regiment enters the mouth with a special sonde to reach the gastrointestinal organ. We gave HF every week three times and HSN once a day. After administration regiments for a long three weeks, we sacrificed the mice. We evaluated cellular immune responses that are Th-2, Th-17, and NK cells. We check for humoral immune response, TGF-β,IL-17A, IL-4, IgG,IL-4, β-defensin, and s-IgA. Results: Highest profile cellular immunity HF, HSN, and HFHSN were NK cell, Th-2 and Th-17, and the last NK cell, respectively. After that which in humoral immunity, the domination response IgG and IL-4 were HF. But HSN and HFHSN dominated for s-IgA and β-defensin production. By using the study Bio-Informatica, we found HF. Conclusion: If the results of this study are continued to the clinical trial level, it is necessary to recommend additional markers such as CTL (s-IgA and β-defensin in lung tissue)and CPE assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumarno Reto Prawiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Meike Tiya Kusuma
- Magister Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Reyhan Amiruddin
- Magister Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Irma Nur Sukmawati
- Clinical Microbiologist Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | - Yuyun Kusnaningrum
- Clinical Microbiologist Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | | | - Khoirul Anam
- Doctoral Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Winarsih
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia
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Barrett DE, Estensoro I, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Bartholomew JL. Intestinal Transcriptomic and Histologic Profiling Reveals Tissue Repair Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to the Parasite Ceratonova shasta. Pathogens 2021; 10:1179. [PMID: 34578212 PMCID: PMC8467531 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxozoan parasites infect fish worldwide causing significant disease or death in many economically important fish species, including rainbow trout and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The myxozoan Ceratonova shasta is a parasite of salmon and trout that causes ceratomyxosis, a disease characterized by severe inflammation in the intestine resulting in hemorrhaging and necrosis. Populations of O. mykiss that are genetically fixed for resistance or susceptibility to ceratomyxosis exist naturally, offering a tractable system for studying the immune response to myxozoans. The aim of this study was to understand how steelhead trout that are resistant to the disease respond to C. shasta once it has become established in the intestine and identify potential mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS Sequencing of intestinal mRNA from resistant steelhead trout with severe C. shasta infections identified 417 genes differentially expressed during the initial stage of the infection compared to uninfected control fish. A strong induction of interferon-gamma and interferon-stimulated genes was evident, along with genes involved in cell adhesion and migration. A total of 11,984 genes were differentially expressed during the late stage of the infection, most notably interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin transcripts. A distinct hardening of the intestinal tissue and a strong inflammatory reaction in the intestinal submucosa including severe hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in response to the infection. The massive upregulation of caspase-14 early in the infection, a protein involved in keratinocyte differentiation might reflect the rapid onset of epithelial repair mechanisms, and the collagenous stratum compactum seemed to limit the spread of C. shasta within the intestinal layers. These observations could explain the ability of resistant fish to eventually recover from the infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that resistance to ceratomyxosis involves both a rapid induction of key immune factors and a tissue response that limits the spread of the parasite and the subsequent tissue damage. These results improve our understanding of the myxozoan-host dialogue and provide a framework for future studies investigating the infection dynamics of C. shasta and other myxozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien E. Barrett
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA;
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (I.E.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (I.E.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Jerri L. Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA;
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Sobia P, Archary D. Preventive HIV Vaccines-Leveraging on Lessons from the Past to Pave the Way Forward. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091001. [PMID: 34579238 PMCID: PMC8472969 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost four decades on, since the 1980’s, with hundreds of HIV vaccine candidates tested in both non-human primates and humans, and several HIV vaccines trials later, an efficacious HIV vaccine continues to evade us. The enormous worldwide genetic diversity of HIV, combined with HIV’s inherent recombination and high mutation rates, has hampered the development of an effective vaccine. Despite the advent of antiretrovirals as pre-exposure prophylaxis and preventative treatment, which have shown to be effective, HIV infections continue to proliferate, highlighting the great need for a vaccine. Here, we provide a brief history for the HIV vaccine field, with the most recent disappointments and advancements. We also provide an update on current passive immunity trials, testing proof of the concept of the most clinically advanced broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for HIV prevention. Finally, we include mucosal immunity, the importance of vaccine-elicited immune responses and the challenges thereof in the most vulnerable environment–the female genital tract and the rectal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract for heterosexual and men who have sex with men transmissions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Sobia
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)-31-655-0540
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42
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Yeung CY, Chiang Chiau JS, Cheng ML, Chan WT, Jiang CB, Chang SW, Liu CY, Chang CW, Lee HC. Effects of Vitamin D-Deficient Diet on Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Zonulin Expression in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649818. [PMID: 34414198 PMCID: PMC8369235 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role not only in mineral balance and skeletal maintenance but also in immune modulation. VD status was found correlated with the pathophysiology and severity of inflammatory bowel diseases and other autoimmune disorders. Epithelial barrier function is primarily regulated by the tight-junction (TJ) proteins. In this study, we try to establish an animal model by raising mice fed VD-deficient diet and to investigate the effects of VD-deficient diet on gut integrity and zonulin expression. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were administered either VD-deficient [VDD group, 25(OH)2D3 0 IU/per mouse] or VD-sufficient [VDS group, 25(OH)2D3 37.8 IU/per mouse] special diets for 7 weeks. Body weight and diet intake were recorded weekly. Serum VD levels were detected. After sacrifice, jejunum and colon specimens were collected. The villus length and crypt depth of the jejunum as well as mucosa thickness of the colon were measured. Various serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal TJ proteins were assessed. The serum level of zonulin and the mRNA expression of jejunum zonulin were also investigated. Results: We found that mice fed a VDD diet had a lower serum level of VD after 7 weeks (p < 0.001). VDD mice gained significant less weight (p = 0.022) and took a similar amount of diet (p = 0.398) when compared to mice raised on a VDS diet. Significantly decreased colon mucosa thickness was found in VDD mice compared with the VDS group (p = 0.022). A marked increase in serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels was demonstrated in VDD mice. All relative levels of claudin (CLD)-1 (p = 0.007), CLD-3 (p < 0.001), CLD-7 (p < 0.001), and zonulin-1 (ZO-1, p = 0.038) protein expressions were significantly decreased in the VDD group when compared to the VDS group. A significant upregulation of mRNA expression of jejunum zonulin (p = 0.043) and elevated serum zonulin (p = 0.001) were found in the VDD group. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated that VDD could lead to impaired barrier properties. We assume that sufficient VD could maintain intestinal epithelial integrity and prevent mucosal barrier dysfunction. VD supplementation may serve as part of a therapeutic strategy for human autoimmune and infectious diseases with intestinal barrier dysfunction (leaky gut) in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that VDD could lead to a significant upregulation in mRNA expression of the jejunum zonulin level and also a marked elevation of serum zonulin in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lein Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Nagashimada M, Honda M. Effect of Microbiome on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158008. [PMID: 34360773 PMCID: PMC8348401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. Liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation in various tissues by modulating macrophage polarization, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Abnormalities in the intestinal environment, such as the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune system, are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Hepatic macrophage activation is induced by the permeation of antigens, endotoxins, and other proinflammatory substances into the bloodstream as a result of increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the gut–liver axis in influencing macrophage activity, which is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Not only probiotics but also biogenics (heat-killed lactic acid bacteria) are effective in ameliorating the progression of NASH. Here we review the effect of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells, other immune cells, intestinal permeability, and immunity on NAFLD and NASH and the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenesis on those diseases.
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Pastor-Ibáñez R, Blanco-Heredia J, Etcheverry F, Sánchez-Palomino S, Díez-Fuertes F, Casas R, Navarrete-Muñoz MÁ, Castro-Barquero S, Lucero C, Fernández I, Leal L, Benito JM, Noguera-Julian M, Paredes R, Rallón N, Estruch R, Torrents D, García F. Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:1141. [PMID: 33808476 PMCID: PMC8067262 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV. DESIGN Individuals living with HIV (n = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks. METHODS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed. RESULTS The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN-γ-producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. Succinivibrio and Bifidobacterium abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells. CONCLUSION The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, Mediterranean diet increased the Bifidobacterium abundances after the intervention, and it was associated to a beneficial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Pastor-Ibáñez
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Juan Blanco-Heredia
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Etcheverry
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Francisco Díez-Fuertes
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.C.); (S.C.-B.); (R.E.)
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidady la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Navarrete-Muñoz
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.N.-M.); (J.M.B.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.C.); (S.C.-B.); (R.E.)
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidady la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Lucero
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Irene Fernández
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorna Leal
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.N.-M.); (J.M.B.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, IrsiCaixa, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.N.-J.); (R.P.)
| | - Roger Paredes
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, IrsiCaixa, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.N.-J.); (R.P.)
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.N.-M.); (J.M.B.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.C.); (S.C.-B.); (R.E.)
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidady la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Computational Genomics Groups, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-I.); (F.E.); (S.S.-P.); (F.D.-F.); (C.L.); (I.F.); (L.L.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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A tale of two fish: Comparative transcriptomics of resistant and susceptible steelhead following exposure to Ceratonova shasta highlights differences in parasite recognition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0234837. [PMID: 33621237 PMCID: PMC7901748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by myxozoan parasites represent a significant threat to the health of salmonids in both the wild and aquaculture setting, and there are no effective therapeutants for their control. The myxozoan Ceratonova shasta is an intestinal parasite of salmonids that causes severe enteronecrosis and mortality. Most fish populations appear genetically fixed as resistant or susceptible to the parasite, offering an attractive model system for studying the immune response to myxozoans. We hypothesized that early recognition of the parasite is a critical factor driving resistance and that susceptible fish would have a delayed immune response. RNA-seq was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the gills and intestine during the early stages of C. shasta infection in both resistant and susceptible steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This revealed a downregulation of genes involved in the IFN-γ signaling pathway in the gills of both phenotypes. Despite this, resistant fish quickly contained the infection and several immune genes, including two innate immune receptors were upregulated. Susceptible fish, on the other hand, failed to control parasite proliferation and had no discernible immune response to the parasite, including a near-complete lack of differential gene expression in the intestine. Further sequencing of intestinal samples from susceptible fish during the middle and late stages of infection showed a vigorous yet ineffective immune response driven by IFN-γ, and massive differential expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix, which coincided with the breakdown of the intestinal structure. Our results suggest that the parasite may be suppressing the host’s immune system during the initial invasion, and that susceptible fish are unable to recognize the parasite invading the intestine or mount an effective immune response. These findings improve our understanding of myxozoan-host interactions while providing a set of putative resistance markers for future studies.
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das Neves J, Sverdlov Arzi R, Sosnik A. Molecular and cellular cues governing nanomaterial-mucosae interactions: from nanomedicine to nanotoxicology. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 49:5058-5100. [PMID: 32538405 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues constitute the largest interface between the body and the surrounding environment and they regulate the access of molecules, supramolecular structures, particulate matter, and pathogens into it. All mucosae are characterized by an outer mucus layer that protects the underlying cells from physicochemical, biological and mechanical insults, a mono-layered or stratified epithelium that forms tight junctions and controls the selective transport of solutes across it and associated lymphoid tissues that play a sentinel role. Mucus is a gel-like material comprised mainly of the glycoprotein mucin and water and it displays both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, a net negative charge, and high porosity and pore interconnectivity, providing an efficient barrier for the absorption of therapeutic agents. To prolong the residence time, absorption and bioavailability of a broad spectrum of active compounds upon mucosal administration, mucus-penetrating and mucoadhesive particles have been designed by tuning the chemical composition, the size, the density, and the surface properties. The benefits of utilizing nanomaterials that interact intimately with mucosae by different mechanisms in the nanomedicine field have been extensively reported. To ensure the safety of these nanosystems, their compatibility is evaluated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical and clinical trials. Conversely, there is a growing concern about the toxicity of nanomaterials dispersed in air and water effluents that unintentionally come into contact with the airways and the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, deep understanding of the key nanomaterial properties that govern the interplay with mucus and tissues is crucial for the rational design of more efficient drug delivery nanosystems (nanomedicine) and to anticipate the fate and side-effects of nanoparticulate matter upon acute or chronic exposure (nanotoxicology). This review initially overviews the complex structural features of mucosal tissues, including the structure of mucus, the epithelial barrier, the mucosal-associated lymphatic tissues and microbiota. Then, the most relevant investigations attempting to identify and validate the key particle features that govern nanomaterial-mucosa interactions and that are relevant in both nanomedicine and nanotoxicology are discussed in a holistic manner. Finally, the most popular experimental techniques and the incipient use of mathematical and computational models to characterize these interactions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, De-Jur Building, Office 607, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, De-Jur Building, Office 607, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cytokines, Plasticity, and Therapies. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8816041. [PMID: 33553436 PMCID: PMC7846404 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autoimmune bowel disease) are a complex disease. Improper activation of the immune system or imbalance of immune cells can cause the immune system to transform into a proinflammatory state, leading to autoimmune pathological damage. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune diseases are closely related to CD4+ T helper cells (Th). The original CD4 T cells will differentiate into different T helper (Th) subgroups after activation. According to their cytokines, the types of Th cells are different to produce lineage-specific cytokines, which play a role in autoimmune homeostasis. When Th differentiation and its cytokines are not regulated, it will induce autoimmune inflammation. Autoimmune bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause. Current research shows that its pathogenesis is closely related to Th17 cells. This article reviews the role and plasticity of the upstream and downstream cytokines and signaling pathways of Th17 cells in the occurrence and development of autoimmune bowel disease and summarizes the new progress of IBD immunotherapy.
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Interleukin-33 signaling exacerbates experimental infectious colitis by enhancing gut permeability and inhibiting protective Th17 immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:923-936. [PMID: 33654214 PMCID: PMC8221996 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of microbial pathogens is capable of entering the gastrointestinal tract, causing infectious diarrhea and colitis. A finely tuned balance between different cytokines is necessary to eradicate the microbial threat and to avoid infection complications. The current study identified IL-33 as a critical regulator of the immune response to the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. We observed that deficiency of the IL-33 signaling pathway attenuates bacterial-induced colitis. Conversely, boosting this pathway strongly aggravates the inflammatory response and makes the mice prone to systemic infection. Mechanistically, IL-33 mediates its detrimental effect by enhancing gut permeability and by limiting the induction of protective T helper 17 cells at the site of infection, thus impairing host defense mechanisms against the enteric pathogen. Importantly, IL-33-treated infected mice supplemented with IL-17A are able to resist the otherwise strong systemic spreading of the pathogen. These findings reveal a novel IL-33/IL-17A crosstalk that controls the pathogenesis of Citrobacter rodentium-driven infectious colitis. Manipulating the dynamics of cytokines may offer new therapeutic strategies to treat specific intestinal infections.
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Burn Injury Induces Intestinal Inflammatory Response Mediated by Th17 in Burn-Primed Endotoxemic Mice. Int Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-18-00014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the susceptibility to infection-related acute lung injury by focusing on the role of gut mucosal T-helper (Th) 17 cells that preferentially produce IL-17 with probiotics in a burn-primed endotoxemic mice model.
Methods
Mice were subjected to a 15% total body surface area third-degree burn. Survival from lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration (3 mg/kg) on 11th day post-burn was assessed in mice fed by chow with or without 1.2% Lactobacillus powder after burn injury. Lamina propria mononuclear cells were enzymatically isolated from the ileum removed on 11th day post-burn and incubated along with 1 μg/mL LPS or 10 μg/mL anti-CD3 antibody for 24 hours; subsequently, the following 7 cytokines were analyzed in the supernatant: IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17.
Results
Lactobacillus treatment post-burn injury markedly improved survival after lethal endotoxemia in burn-primed mice (64.3% versus 21.4%, P = 0.03). The production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 by lamina propria mononuclear T-lymphocytes and macrophages including Th17 response was augmented by burn injury but decreased with Lactobacillus treatment after burn injury.
Conclusions
Th17- and Th17-mediated inflammatory responses in the gut mucosa may play a vital role, which could be attenuated by Lactobacillus treatment, in survival of lethal endotoxemia in burn-primed mice.
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Eshraghi RS, Davies C, Iyengar R, Perez L, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Gut-Induced Inflammation during Development May Compromise the Blood-Brain Barrier and Predispose to Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010027. [PMID: 33374296 PMCID: PMC7794774 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has gained considerable interest as one of the major contributors to the pathogenesis of multi-system inflammatory disorders. Several studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays a role in modulating complex signaling pathways, predominantly via the bidirectional gut-brain-axis (GBA). Subsequent in vivo studies have demonstrated the direct role of altered gut microbes and metabolites in the progression of neurodevelopmental diseases. This review will discuss the most recent advancements in our understanding of the gut microbiome’s clinical significance in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immunological function, and neurobiological development. In particular, we address the potentially causal role of GBA dysregulation in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through compromising the BBB and immunological abnormalities. A thorough understanding of the complex signaling interactions between gut microbes, metabolites, neural development, immune mediators, and neurobiological functionality will facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic modalities to better understand, prevent, and treat ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Camron Davies
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Rahul Iyengar
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Linda Perez
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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