1
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Piirainen V, Gutiérrez AM, Heinonen M, König E, Valros A, Junnikkala S. Salivary and serum haptoglobin, adenosine deaminase, and immunoglobulin G in growing pigs. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38773547 PMCID: PMC11110307 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of animals in need of medical treatment is important in porcine health management, where analytical samples applicable at farm level could be utilized. Several biomarkers are measurable in saliva, which is less stressful to collect than blood. Saliva sampling is easy to learn and repeatable, making it suitable for monitoring purposes. Previous research suggests that porcine health biomarkers are dependent on production stage and gender, and that combining biomarkers improves diagnostic sensitivity. However, proper monitoring of biomarkers during the complete production cycle has not been studied. We aimed to describe the dynamics of salivary and serum haptoglobin (Hp), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in four production stages (suckling, early growing, late growing, finishing), on commercial Finnish pig farms using a total of 117 piglets. The relationship between gender and biomarker dynamics was investigated, as well as the relationships between these biomarkers in saliva and serum. RESULTS The highest salivary concentrations of Hp, ADA and IgG were measured in suckling piglets. The differences between production stages were generally larger in saliva than for the corresponding serum biomarkers. All correlation coefficients between salivary biomarkers were positive in each production stage and the strength of the correlation varied from 0.245 to 0.762. No similar trend was observed regarding correlation coefficients either between serum biomarkers or between salivary and serum biomarkers. Gender was associated with some biomarker concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The biomarker dynamics supported previous findings that collection of analytical samples should be conducted in age-matched populations. Positive and even strong relationships between salivary biomarkers indicate the potential to use especially saliva for health monitoring. Our results also suggest the importance of considering gender effects when assessing some salivary or serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Piirainen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Leissantie 41, Saarentaus, FI-04920, Finland
| | - Ana M Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, BioVetMed Research group, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Mari Heinonen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Leissantie 41, Saarentaus, FI-04920, Finland.
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Koetilantie 7, Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland.
| | - Emilia König
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Leissantie 41, Saarentaus, FI-04920, Finland
| | - Anna Valros
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Koetilantie 7, Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland
| | - Sami Junnikkala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland
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2
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Quaranta P, Basso-Ricci L, Jofra Hernandez R, Pacini G, Naldini MM, Barcella M, Seffin L, Pais G, Spinozzi G, Benedicenti F, Pietrasanta C, Cheong JG, Ronchi A, Pugni L, Dionisio F, Monti I, Giannelli S, Darin S, Fraschetta F, Barera G, Ferrua F, Calbi V, Ometti M, Di Micco R, Mosca F, Josefowicz SZ, Montini E, Calabria A, Bernardo ME, Cicalese MP, Gentner B, Merelli I, Aiuti A, Scala S. Circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell subsets contribute to human hematopoietic homeostasis. Blood 2024; 143:1937-1952. [PMID: 38446574 PMCID: PMC11106755 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In physiological conditions, few circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (cHSPCs) are present in the peripheral blood, but their contribution to human hematopoiesis remain unsolved. By integrating advanced immunophenotyping, single-cell transcriptional and functional profiling, and integration site (IS) clonal tracking, we unveiled the biological properties and the transcriptional features of human cHSPC subpopulations in relationship to their bone marrow (BM) counterpart. We found that cHSPCs reduced in cell count over aging and are enriched for primitive, lymphoid, and erythroid subpopulations, showing preactivated transcriptional and functional state. Moreover, cHSPCs have low expression of multiple BM-retention molecules but maintain their homing potential after xenotransplantation. By generating a comprehensive human organ-resident HSPC data set based on single-cell RNA sequencing data, we detected organ-specific seeding properties of the distinct trafficking HSPC subpopulations. Notably, circulating multi-lymphoid progenitors are primed for seeding the thymus and actively contribute to T-cell production. Human clonal tracking data from patients receiving gene therapy (GT) also showed that cHSPCs connect distant BM niches and participate in steady-state hematopoietic production, with primitive cHSPCs having the highest recirculation capability to travel in and out of the BM. Finally, in case of hematopoietic impairment, cHSPCs composition reflects the BM-HSPC content and might represent a biomarker of the BM state for clinical and research purposes. Overall, our comprehensive work unveiled fundamental insights into the in vivo dynamics of human HSPC trafficking and its role in sustaining hematopoietic homeostasis. GT patients' clinical trials were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01515462 and NCT03837483) and EudraCT (2009-017346-32 and 2018-003842-18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Quaranta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raisa Jofra Hernandez
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Pacini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Maria Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Seffin
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pais
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Spinozzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jin Gyu Cheong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pugni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dionisio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Monti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Darin
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Fraschetta
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Barera
- Pediatric Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calbi
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ometti
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven Zvi Josefowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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3
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Cesana D, Cicalese MP, Calabria A, Merli P, Caruso R, Volpin M, Rudilosso L, Migliavacca M, Barzaghi F, Fossati C, Gazzo F, Pizzi S, Ciolfi A, Bruselles A, Tucci F, Spinozzi G, Pais G, Benedicenti F, Barcella M, Merelli I, Gallina P, Giannelli S, Dionisio F, Scala S, Casiraghi M, Strocchio L, Vinti L, Pacillo L, Draghi E, Cesana M, Riccardo S, Colantuono C, Six E, Cavazzana M, Carlucci F, Schmidt M, Cancrini C, Ciceri F, Vago L, Cacchiarelli D, Gentner B, Naldini L, Tartaglia M, Montini E, Locatelli F, Aiuti A. A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in retroviral gene therapy for ADA-SCID. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3662. [PMID: 38688902 PMCID: PMC11061298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (GT) using a γ-retroviral vector (γ-RV) is an effective treatment for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency due to Adenosine Deaminase deficiency. Here, we describe a case of GT-related T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) that developed 4.7 years after treatment. The patient underwent chemotherapy and haploidentical transplantation and is currently in remission. Blast cells contain a single vector insertion activating the LIM-only protein 2 (LMO2) proto-oncogene, confirmed by physical interaction, and low Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity resulting from methylation of viral promoter. The insertion is detected years before T-ALL in multiple lineages, suggesting that further hits occurred in a thymic progenitor. Blast cells contain known and novel somatic mutations as well as germline mutations which may have contributed to transformation. Before T-ALL onset, the insertion profile is similar to those of other ADA-deficient patients. The limited incidence of vector-related adverse events in ADA-deficiency compared to other γ-RV GT trials could be explained by differences in transgenes, background disease and patient's specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cesana
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Volpin
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rudilosso
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Migliavacca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Fossati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Gazzo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Tucci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Spinozzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pais
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Italy
| | - Pierangela Gallina
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dionisio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Casiraghi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Pacillo
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Draghi
- Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Cesana
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA S.r.l., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Colantuono
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA S.r.l., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Laboratory of Human Lympho-hematopoiesis, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Filippo Carlucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Cancrini
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Li C, Li T, Tian X, An W, Wang Z, Han B, Tao H, Wang J, Wang X. Research progress on the PEGylation of therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353626. [PMID: 38523641 PMCID: PMC10960368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of genetic and protein engineering, proteins and peptides have emerged as promising drug molecules for therapeutic applications. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in the field of chemical modification technology to address challenges associated with their clinical use, including rapid clearance from circulation, immunogenicity, physical and chemical instabilities (such as aggregation, adsorption, deamination, clipping, oxidation, etc.), and enzymatic degradation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification offers an effective solution to these issues due to its favorable properties. This review presents recent progress in the development and application of PEGylated therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). For this purpose, firstly, the physical and chemical properties as well as classification of PEG and its derivatives are described. Subsequently, a detailed summary is provided on the main sites of PEGylated TPPs and the factors that influence their PEGylation. Furthermore, notable instances of PEG-modified TPPs (including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interferon, asparaginase and antibodies) are highlighted. Finally, we propose the chemical modification of TPPs with PEG, followed by an analysis of the current development status and future prospects of PEGylated TPPs. This work provides a comprehensive literature review in this promising field while facilitating researchers in utilizing PEG polymers to modify TPPs for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinya Tian
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wei An
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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5
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Ott de Bruin LM, Lankester AC, Staal FJ. Advances in gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:467-477. [PMID: 37846903 PMCID: PMC10621649 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide an overview of the landmark accomplishments and state of the art of gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). RECENT FINDINGS Three decades after the first clinical application of gene therapy for IEI, there is one market authorized product available, while for several others efficacy has been demonstrated or is currently being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Gene editing approaches using programmable nucleases are being explored preclinically and could be beneficial for genes requiring tightly regulated expression, gain-of-function mutations and dominant-negative mutations. SUMMARY Gene therapy by modifying autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) offers an attractive alternative to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the current standard of care to treat severe IEI. This approach does not require availability of a suitable allogeneic donor and eliminates the risk of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Gene therapy can be attempted by using a viral vector to add a copy of the therapeutic gene (viral gene addition) or by using programmable nucleases (gene editing) to precisely correct mutations, disrupt a gene or introduce an entire copy of a gene at a specific locus. However, gene therapy comes with its own challenges such as safety, therapeutic effectiveness and access. For viral gene addition, a major safety concern is vector-related insertional mutagenesis, although this has been greatly reduced with the introduction of safer vectors. For gene editing, the risk of off-site mutagenesis is a main driver behind the ongoing search for modified nucleases. For both approaches, HSCs have to be manipulated ex vivo, and doing this efficiently without losing stemness remains a challenge, especially for gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Ott de Bruin
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C. Lankester
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology
| | - Frank J.T. Staal
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Grim A, Veiga KR, Saad N. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:773-787. [PMID: 37821195 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic vasculitis syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in the adenosine deaminase 2 gene. The diagnosis of DADA2 is confirmed by decreased enzymatic activity of ADA2 and genetic testing. Symptoms range from cutaneous vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa-like lesions to stroke. The vasculopathy of DADA2 can affect many organ systems, including the gastrointestinal and renal systems. Hematologic manifestations occur early with hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, pure red cell aplasia, or pancytopenia. Treatment can be challenging. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are helpful to control inflammatory symptoms. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant may be needed to treat refractory cytopenias, vasculopathy, or immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grim
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Keila R Veiga
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College/Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Nadine Saad
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Onodera M, Uchiyama T, Ariga T, Yamada M, Miyamura T, Arizono H, Morio T. Safety and efficacy of elapegademase in patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency: A multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 3, and postmarketing clinical study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e917. [PMID: 37506145 PMCID: PMC10367445 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an ultrarare inherited purine metabolism disorder characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency. Elapegademase-lvlr is a new pegylated recombinant bovine ADA used in enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) for ADA deficiency. Therefore, replacement with the new drug may eliminate the infectious risks associated with the currently used bovine intestinal-derived product, pegademase. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase 3, and postmarketing clinical study of elapegademase for patients with ADA deficiency. The following biochemical markers were monitored to determine an appropriate dose of elapegademase: the trough deoxyadenosine nucleotide (dAXP) level ≤0.02 μmol/mL in erythrocytes or whole blood and the trough serum ADA activity ≥1100 U/L (equivalent to plasma levels ≥15 μmol/h/mL) indicated sufficient enzyme activity and detoxification as efficacy endpoints and monitored adverse events during the study as safety endpoints. RESULTS A total of four patients (aged 0-25 years) were enrolled. One infant patient died of pneumonia caused by cytomegalovirus infection whereas the other three completed the study and have been observed in the study period over 3 years. The infant patient had received elapegademase at 0.4 mg/kg/week until decease and the others received elapegademase at maximum doses of 0.3 mg/kg/week for 164-169 weeks. As a result, all four patients achieved undetectable levels of dAXPs together with sufficient enzyme activity, increased T and B cell numbers, and slightly elevated and maintained IgM and IgA immunoglobulin levels. Serious adverse events occurred in three patients, all of which were assessed as unrelated to elapegademase. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that elapegademase had comparable safety and efficacy to pegademase as ERT for ADA deficiency by demonstrating stable maintenance of sufficient ADA activity and lowering dAXP to undetectable levels, while no drug-related adverse events were reported (Trial registration: JapicCTI-163204).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Onodera
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Uchiyama
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ariga
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Food and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Takako Miyamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironori Arizono
- Pharmaceutical Development & Production Division, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ucku D, Armutlu A, Cipe F, Ersoy GZ, Karakaya AD, Arikan C. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in ADA-SCID Patient After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:285-289. [PMID: 37027238 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is one of the most prevalent forms of severe combined immunodeficiency and results in the accumulation of toxic substrates which creates a systemic metabolic disease. It predisposes patients to the development of malignancies, most commonly lymphoma. We report an 8-month-old infant with ADA deficient severe combined immunodeficiency who developed progressive liver dysfunction and hepatocellular carcinoma after successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is the first case report of an ADA-deficient patient who presented with hepatocellular carcinoma and gives an insight into the complex etiology that can lie behind liver dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Funda Cipe
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istinye University School of Medicine
| | - Gizem Zengin Ersoy
- Altinbas University School of Medicine, Bahcelievler Medical Park Hospital, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Cigdem Arikan
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Koc University School of Medicine
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9
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Dorsey MJ, Rubinstein A, Lehman H, Fausnight T, Wiley JM, Haddad E. PEGylated Recombinant Adenosine Deaminase Maintains Detoxification and Lymphocyte Counts in Patients with ADA-SCID. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:951-964. [PMID: 36840835 PMCID: PMC10276086 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic detoxification with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) promotes immune recovery in patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID). Elapegademase is a PEGylated recombinant bovine ADA ERT developed to replace the now-discontinued bovine-derived pegademase. This study was a 1-way crossover from pegademase to elapegademase in 7 patients with ADA-SCID to assess efficacy and safety outcomes for elapegademase. METHODS After once-weekly pegademase dosage was adjusted to achieve therapeutic metabolic detoxification and trough ADA activity, patients transitioned to a bioequivalent dose of elapegademase. Maintenance of metabolic detoxification and adequate ADA activity were evaluated periodically. RESULTS One patient withdrew after 2 doses of an early elapegademase formulation due to injection-site pain caused by EDTA. The 6 remaining patients completed 71-216 weeks of elapegademase therapy with a formulation that did not contain EDTA. In these patients, elapegademase improved ADA activity compared with pegademase and maintained metabolic detoxification. Total lymphocyte counts increased for all completer patients from between 1.2- and 2.1-fold at the end of study compared with baseline. Elapegademase had a comparable safety profile to pegademase; no patient developed a severe infectious complication. Three patients had transient, non-neutralizing antibodies to pegademase, elapegademase, and/or polyethylene glycol ≤ 47 weeks of treatment without effect on trough plasma ADA activity or trough erythrocyte deoxyadenosine nucleotide levels. CONCLUSION Elapegademase was safe, well tolerated, achieved stable trough plasma ADA activity with weekly dosing, was effective in maintaining metabolic detoxification, and was associated with maintenance or improvements in lymphocyte counts compared with pegademase therapy in patients with ADA-SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morna J Dorsey
- Pediatric Immunology and Allergy Center, University of California San Francisco Medical School, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Arye Rubinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Heather Lehman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tracy Fausnight
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Wiley
- Medical Affairs, Leadiant Biosciences, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Castiello MC, Ferrari S, Villa A. Correcting inborn errors of immunity: From viral mediated gene addition to gene editing. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101731. [PMID: 36863140 PMCID: PMC10109147 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment to cure inborn errors of immunity. Remarkable progress has been achieved thanks to the development and optimization of effective combination of advanced conditioning regimens and use of immunoablative/suppressive agents preventing rejection as well as graft versus host disease. Despite these tremendous advances, autologous hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell therapy based on ex vivo gene addition exploiting integrating γ-retro- or lenti-viral vectors, has demonstrated to be an innovative and safe therapeutic strategy providing proof of correction without the complications of the allogeneic approach. The recent advent of targeted gene editing able to precisely correct genomic variants in an intended locus of the genome, by introducing deletions, insertions, nucleotide substitutions or introducing a corrective cassette, is emerging in the clinical setting, further extending the therapeutic armamentarium and offering a cure to inherited immune defects not approachable by conventional gene addition. In this review, we will analyze the current state-of-the art of conventional gene therapy and innovative protocols of genome editing in various primary immunodeficiencies, describing preclinical models and clinical data obtained from different trials, highlighting potential advantages and limits of gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmina Castiello
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy.
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11
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Liu W, Shao F, You X, Cao Y, Xi J, Wu J, Wan J, Zhang X, Fei J, Luan Y. Non-carcinogenic/non-nephrotoxic aristolochic acid IVa exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in mice. J Nat Med 2023; 77:251-261. [PMID: 36525161 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA)-containing herbs have been prescribed for thousands of years as anti-inflammatory drugs, despite the active pharmaceutical ingredients remaining unclear. However, exposure to AAI and AAII has been proven to be a significant risk factor for severe nephropathy and carcinogenicity. AAIVa, an analogue abundant in AA-containing herbs, showed neither carcinogenicity nor nephrotoxicity in our study and other reports, implying that the pharmacological effects of AAIVa on inflammation are worth studying. Herein, we employed RAW 264.7 cells, the ear edema mouse model, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systematic inflammation model in TNF-IRES-Luc mice (tracking TNFα luciferase activities in real-time) to evaluate the anti-inframammary effect of AAIVa. Our results showed that AAIVa could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, indicating its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Furthermore, the application of AAIVa (400 and 600 μg/ear) could significantly inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced ear edema, suggesting its topical anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Moreover, LPS-stimulated TNF-IRES-Luc mice were used to investigate the onset and duration of AAIVa on systematic inflammation. A single dosage of AAIVa (100 mg/kg, i.g.) could suppress LPS-triggered inflammation, by decreasing luciferase activities of TNFα at 3 h in TNF-IRES-Luc mice. In addition, the online pharmacological databases predicted that AAIVa might target the regulation of T cell activation-related protein (ADA, ADORA2A, ERBB2) to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AAIVa had anti-inflammatory effect for the first time; our findings are constructive for further studies on pharmacological mechanism of AAIVa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Liu
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fangyang Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SRCMO/SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinyue You
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Xi
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SRCMO/SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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12
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Romero-Aguirregomezcorta J, Ramírez LL, Ortín A, Ramis G, Romar R, Coy P. Differences in Weight, Hierarchy, and Incidence of Lameness between Two Groups of Adult Pigs Derived from Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243578. [PMID: 36552498 PMCID: PMC9774099 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro production (IVP) and subsequent transfer of embryos (ET) to recipient mothers is not yet an established reproductive technology in the pig industry, as it is in cattle. However, that the trade of IVP-cryopreserved pig embryos is expected to start in the next decades. Society and governments are increasingly aware of the repercussions that IVP could have for animal health, welfare, behavior, or food safety, but proven scientific information for this type of animal does not exist, since no colonies of pigs have been created to this end. We created a small one and studied the differences between 16 IVP-derived pigs and 14 pigs derived from artificial insemination (AI), at 3.5 years of age, conceived from the same boar, and housed and fed under the same conditions since they were born. Incidence of lameness, position in the herd hierarchy, weight, adenosine deaminase activity, and hematological and biochemical analytes were compared between the two groups of animals. The results showed that the IVP animals weighed more, occupied higher positions in the herd hierarchy, and had a lower incidence of lameness. Although genetic differences from the maternal line could explain some of these results, it is also possible that the IVP animals developed better adaptative abilities, but more studies with a higher number of animals are necessary to reach consistent conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Romero-Aguirregomezcorta
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lisette L. Ramírez
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ramis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Romar
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Coy
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Bai X, Zhang T, Xue J, Lu S, Kannan K. Placental transfer of bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) and its association with maternal health in a population in South of China. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2022; 1:244-250. [PMID: 38077258 PMCID: PMC10702892 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite high production and usage, little is known about exposure to bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) and their derivatives in pregnant women and fetuses. In this study, we determined nine BDGEs in 106 paired maternal and cord serum samples collected from e-waste dismantling sites in South of China. Bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·2H2O), bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·HCl·H2O), and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were the major BDGEs, with median concentrations of 0.57, 4.07, and 1.60 ng/mL, respectively, in maternal serum, and of 3.58, 5.61, and 0.61 ng/mL, respectively, in cord serum. The transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) were estimated for BDGEs found in samples, and median values were in the range of 0.98 (BFDGE) to 5.91 (BADGE·2H2O). Our results suggested that passive diffusion plays a role in the placental transfer of BADGE·HCl·H2O and BFDGE, whereas several mechanisms contribute to the high accumulation of BADGE·2H2O in cord serum. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated significant associations between maternal serum concentrations of BDGEs and blood clinical biomarkers, especially those related to liver injuries, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) (P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of BDGEs in paired maternal-fetal serum samples and provide new insights into prenatal and fetal exposures. The newly discovered TTEs in maternal-fetal pairs contribute to a fuller inventory of the transmission activity of pollutants in the human body, ultimately adding to a more significant comprehensive risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Henglin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY10016, USA
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14
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Ling Y, Jiang C, Xiao Z, Shang X, Li Q, Wang B, Hao M, Liu F, Zhao N, Feng J, Zhao H. Serum adenosine deaminase activity and acute cerebral infarction: a retrospective case-control study based on 7913 participants. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8719-8728. [PMID: 36260871 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine into inosine, which eventually decomposes into uric acid (UA). A body of papers have reported that adenosine and UA are closely related to cerebrovascular events. However, the association between serum ADA activity and acute cerebral infarction (ACI) remains unclear. METHODS 7913 subjects were enrolled, including 3968 ACI patients and 3945 controls, in this study. An automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to determine serum activity. RESULTS Serum ADA activity was found that was significantly decreased in patients with ACI (10.10 ± 3.72 U/L) compared to those without ACI (11.07 ± 2.85 U/L, p < 0.001). After Logistic regression analysis, ADA concentrations were negatively correlated with ACI (OR = 1.161, 95% CI: 1.140-1.183, p < 0.001). Smoking and alcohol consumption decreased serum ADA concentrations in patients with ACI, whereas diabetes and hypertension had the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS Serum ADA concentrations in patients with ACI are markedly decreased, suggesting that the decreased ADA concentrations may be involved in the pathogenesis of ACI. We hypothesized that decreased ADA activity may be an adaptive mechanism to maintain adenosine levels and protect against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ling
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiao Shang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Baojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Maolin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jianli Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hongqin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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15
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Secord E, Hartog NL. Review of Treatment for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). Ther Clin Risk Manag 2022; 18:939-944. [PMID: 36172599 PMCID: PMC9512634 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s350762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) is a purine salvage pathway deficiency that results in buildup of toxic metabolites causing death in rapidly dividing cells, especially lymphocytes. The most complete form of ADA leads to severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was developed in the 1970s and became the treatment for ADA SCID by the 1980s. It remains an option for some infants with SCID, and a stopgap measure for others awaiting curative therapy. For some infants with ADA SCID who have matching family donors hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an option for cure. Gene therapy for ADA SCID, approved in some countries and in trials in others, is becoming possible for more infants with this disorder. This review covers the history of ADA SCID, the treatment options to date and particularly the history of the development of gene therapy for ADA SCID and the current state of the risks and benefits of the gene therapy option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Secord
- Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas L Hartog
- Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Expression of Adenosine Deaminase and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Tuberculous Peritonitis and Their Relationship with Clinical Efficacy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3664931. [PMID: 36157218 PMCID: PMC9499801 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3664931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Tuberculous peritonitis (TP) can cause multiple infections of surrounding organs and tissues, leading to organ failure and endangering life safety. In this research, the relationship between adenosine deaminase (ADA), NLRP3 inflammasome, and TP and its clinical significance will be deeply explored, so as to provide new directions and reliable reference opinions for future clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods. Altogether, 59 TP patients (research group, RG) and 52 non-TP patients (control group, CG) who were admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to June 2018 were regarded as research objects. Ascites samples of RG before treatment (admission) and one month after treatment and CG before treatment were obtained, and the ADA and NLRP3 levels were tested to evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of the two in TP. Results. Before treatment, ADA and NLRP3 in RG were higher than CG (
), and the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of the two in predicting TP occurrence were 89.83% and 73.08% (
). In addition, ADA and NLRP3 in RG patients were positively correlated with the disappearance time of abdominal pain and ascites (
) and had excellent predictive effect on the adverse reactions during treatment (
). After treatment, both in RG patients decreased, which was inversely proportional to the clinical efficacy (
). Prognostic follow-up manifested that ADA and NLRP3 in relapse patients were higher than those without recurrence after treatment (
). Conclusion. The increase of ADA and NLRP3 in TP is relevant to the adverse reactions during treatment, clinical efficacy, and prognosis recurrence after treatment. It can be used as a disease marker to confirm, intervene, and evaluate TP progression promptly.
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Cuvelier GDE, Logan BR, Prockop SE, Buckley RH, Kuo CY, Griffith LM, Liu X, Yip A, Hershfield MS, Ayoub PG, Moore TB, Dorsey MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Pai SY, Kapadia M, Ebens CL, Forbes Satter LR, Burroughs LM, Petrovic A, Chellapandian D, Heimall J, Shyr DC, Rayes A, Bednarski JJ, Chandra S, Chandrakasan S, Gillio AP, Madden L, Quigg TC, Caywood EH, Dávila Saldaña BJ, DeSantes K, Eissa H, Goldman FD, Rozmus J, Shah AJ, Vander Lugt MT, Thakar MS, Parrott RE, Martinez C, Leiding JW, Torgerson TR, Pulsipher MA, Notarangelo LD, Cowan MJ, Dvorak CC, Haddad E, Puck JM, Kohn DB. Outcomes following treatment for ADA-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency: a report from the PIDTC. Blood 2022; 140:685-705. [PMID: 35671392 PMCID: PMC9389638 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes ∼13% of cases of severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Treatments include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), and gene therapy (GT). We evaluated 131 patients with ADA-SCID diagnosed between 1982 and 2017 who were enrolled in the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium SCID studies. Baseline clinical, immunologic, genetic characteristics, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. First definitive cellular therapy (FDCT) included 56 receiving HCT without preceding ERT (HCT); 31 HCT preceded by ERT (ERT-HCT); and 33 GT preceded by ERT (ERT-GT). Five-year event-free survival (EFS, alive, no need for further ERT or cellular therapy) was 49.5% (HCT), 73% (ERT-HCT), and 75.3% (ERT-GT; P < .01). Overall survival (OS) at 5 years after FDCT was 72.5% (HCT), 79.6% (ERT-HCT), and 100% (ERT-GT; P = .01). Five-year OS was superior for patients undergoing HCT at <3.5 months of age (91.6% vs 68% if ≥3.5 months, P = .02). Active infection at the time of HCT (regardless of ERT) decreased 5-year EFS (33.1% vs 68.2%, P < .01) and OS (64.7% vs 82.3%, P = .02). Five-year EFS (90.5%) and OS (100%) were best for matched sibling and matched family donors (MSD/MFD). For patients treated after the year 2000 and without active infection at the time of FDCT, no difference in 5-year EFS or OS was found between HCT using a variety of transplant approaches and ERT-GT. This suggests alternative donor HCT may be considered when MSD/MFD HCT and GT are not available, particularly when newborn screening identifies patients with ADA-SCID soon after birth and before the onset of infections. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01186913 and #NCT01346150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D E Cuvelier
- Manitoba Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brent R Logan
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Susan E Prockop
- Stem Cell Transplant Service, Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Caroline Y Kuo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institutes of Allergy, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Xuerong Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Alison Yip
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Paul G Ayoub
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Morna J Dorsey
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MSK Kids, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Neena Kapoor
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, MHealth Fairview Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lisa R Forbes Satter
- Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Lauri M Burroughs
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Aleksandra Petrovic
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Deepak Chellapandian
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy for Non-Malignant Conditions, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David C Shyr
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Ahmad Rayes
- Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Sharat Chandra
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Alfred P Gillio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Lisa Madden
- Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas, San Antonio, TX
| | - Troy C Quigg
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Emi H Caywood
- Nemours Children's Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE
| | | | - Kenneth DeSantes
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin, American Family Children's Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Hesham Eissa
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Aurora, CO
| | - Frederick D Goldman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ami J Shah
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mark T Vander Lugt
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Caridad Martinez
- Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, St Petersburg, FL
| | | | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Morton J Cowan
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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Pala F, Notarangelo LD, Bosticardo M. Inborn errors of immunity associated with defects of thymic development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13832. [PMID: 36003043 PMCID: PMC11077434 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main function of the thymus is to support the establishment of a wide repertoire of T lymphocytes capable of eliminating foreign pathogens, yet tolerant to self-antigens. Thymocyte development in the thymus is dependent on the interaction with thymic stromal cells, a complex mixture of cells comprising thymic epithelial cells (TEC), mesenchymal and endothelial cells. The exchange of signals between stromal cells and thymocytes is referred to as "thymic cross-talk". Genetic defects affecting either side of this interaction result in defects in thymic development that ultimately lead to a decreased output of T lymphocytes to the periphery. In the present review, we aim at providing a summary of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) characterized by T-cell lymphopenia due to defects of the thymic stroma, or to hematopoietic-intrinsic defects of T-cell development, with a special focus on recently discovered disorders. Additionally, we review the novel diagnostic tools developed to discover and study new genetic causes of IEI due to defects in thymic development. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches to correct thymic defects that are currently available, in addition to potential novel therapies that could be applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Sharafian S, Jacomelli G, Tamizifar B, Shahrooei M, Parvaneh N. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Deficiency: Report of Six New Cases and Reappraisal of Cutaneous Hypermelanosis as an Early Feature. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1618-1621. [PMID: 35906326 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samin Sharafian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gabriella Jacomelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Specialized Immunology Laboratory of Dr. Shahrooei, Ashrafi Esfahani Blvd, 22nd Bahman St, No 34,, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Children's Medical Centre, No 62 Gharib St, Tehran, 1419733152, Iran.
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20
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Olbrich P, Ortiz Aljaro P, Freeman AF. Eosinophilia Associated With Immune Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1140-1153. [PMID: 35227935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of eosinophilia is broad and includes infections, malignancies, and atopy as well as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Certain types of IEIs are known to be associated with elevated numbers of eosinophils and frequently elevated serum IgE, whereas for others the degree and frequency of eosinophilia are less established. The molecular defects underlying IEI are heterogeneous and affect different pathways, which highlights the complex regulations of this cell population within the immune system. In this review, we list and discuss clinical manifestations and therapies of immune deficiency or immune dysregulation disorders associated with peripheral blood or tissue eosinophilia with or without raised IgE levels. We present illustrative case vignettes for the most common entities and propose a diagnostic algorithm aiming to help physicians systematically to evaluate patients with eosinophilia and suspicion of an underlying IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olbrich
- Sección Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, UGC de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Laboratorio de Alteraciones Congénitas de la Inmunidad, Laboratorio 205, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Pediatría y Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Pilar Ortiz Aljaro
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (IBiS, CSIC, US), Seville, Spain
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
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21
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Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Adenosine Deaminase Severe Combined Immunodeficiency-Improved Outcomes in the Modern Era. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:819-826. [PMID: 35288820 PMCID: PMC9166891 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment for adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) includes enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), or ex vivo corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. Historic data show HSCT survival is superior using unconditioned matched sibling and family compared to matched unrelated and haploidentical donors. Recent improvement in HSCT outcomes prompted us to retrospectively examine HSCT survival and long-term graft function in ADA-SCID transplanted at our center. Thirty-three ADA-deficient patients received HSCT between 1989 and 2020, with follow-up data to January 2021. Chemotherapy conditioning regimens were defined as myeloablative (MAC-busulfan/cyclophosphamide), reduced-toxicity myeloablative (RT-MAC-treosulfan-based, since 2007), or no conditioning. Serotherapy used included alemtuzumab (with or without other conditioning agents) or antithymocyte globulin (ATG). ERT was introduced routinely in 2010 until commencement of conditioning. Median age at HSCT was 3.2 (0.8-99.8) months. Twenty-one (63.6%) received stem cells from unrelated or haploidentical donors. Seventeen (51.5%) received chemotherapy conditioning and 16 (48.5%) received alemtuzumab. Median follow-up was 7.5 (0.8-25.0) years. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at 8 years were 90.9% (95% CI: 79.7-100.0%) and 79% (55-91%), respectively. OS after 2007 (n = 21) was 100% vs 75% before 2007 (n = 12) (p = 0.02). Three (9.1%) died after HSCT: two from multiorgan failure and one from unexplained encephalopathy. There were no deaths after 2007, among those who received ERT and treosulfan-based conditioning pre-HSCT. Ten (30.3%) developed acute GvDH (3 grade II, 2 grade III); no chronic GvHD was observed. In the modern era, conditioned HSCT with MUD has a favorable outcome for ADA-deficient patients.
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22
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Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Diseases with Focus on Cancer. JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jorjanibiomedj.10.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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23
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Shi T, Li J, Miao Y, Huang L, Tian J. Adenosine deaminase as a marker for the severity of infectious mononucleosis secondary to EBV in children. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:164. [PMID: 35189820 PMCID: PMC8862226 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious mononucleosis, a common disease in children and young adults, is often accompanied by elevated transaminase levels and rarely, liver failure. This study aimed to determine whether adenosine deaminase is a marker of severity in children with infectious mononucleosis, especially those with elevated alanine transaminase levels. Methods This case-control study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University. A total of 104 children with infectious mononucleosis and 50 controls with other acute infections and fever, tonsillitis, or lymphadenitis, were enrolled in the study. Among the 104 children with infectious mononucleosis, 54 had normal alanine transaminase levels and 50 had elevated alanine transaminase levels. The children’s clinical and laboratory data were analyzed to assess the diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase in the three groups. Results The adenosine deaminase level in the infectious mononucleosis group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The adenosine deaminase levels were highly correlated with lymphocyte count, CD3+CD8+ T cells (%), CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and CD3−CD19+ (%) (r > 0.7, P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of adenosine deaminase in predicting children with infectious mononucleosis were 97.1% and 94.0%, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis revealed that adenosine deaminase level was a risk factor for elevated alanine transaminase in children with infectious mononucleosis. Conclusions Adenosine deaminase may be a marker of the severity of infectious mononucleosis in children, and a predictor of elevated alanine transaminase in children with infectious mononucleosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jungen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Yuzhu Miao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Pediatric intensive care unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianmei Tian
- Pediatric intensive care unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Development and clinical translation of ex vivo gene therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2986-3003. [PMID: 35782737 PMCID: PMC9218169 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for multiple inherited and acquired human diseases. The capability of delivering curative treatment or mediating therapeutic benefits for a long-term period following a single application fundamentally distinguishes this medical intervention from traditional medicine and various lentiviral/γ-retroviral vector-mediated gene therapy products have been approved for clinical use. Continued advances in retroviral vector engineering, genomic editing, synthetic biology and immunology will broaden the medical applications of gene therapy and improve the efficacy and safety of the treatments based on genetic correction and alteration. This review will summarize the advent and clinical translation of ex vivo gene therapy, with the focus on the milestones during the exploitation of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) tackling a variety of pathological conditions which led to marketing approval. Finally, current statue and future prospects of gene editing as an alternative therapeutic approach are also discussed.
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25
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Erbescu A, Papuc SM, Budisteanu M, Arghir A, Neagu M. Re-emerging concepts of immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1006612. [PMID: 36339838 PMCID: PMC9626859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1006612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by communication and social interaction deficits, and by restricted interests and stereotyped, repetitive behavior patterns. ASD has a strong genetic component and a complex architecture characterized by the interplay of rare and common genetic variants. Recently, increasing evidence suggest a significant contribution of immune system dysregulation in ASD. The present paper reviews the latest updates regarding the altered immune landscape of this complex disorder highlighting areas with potential for biomarkers discovery as well as personalization of therapeutic approaches. Cross-talk between the central nervous system and immune system has long been envisaged and recent evidence brings insights into the pathways connecting the brain to the immune system. Disturbance of cytokine levels plays an important role in the establishment of a neuroinflammatory milieu in ASD. Several other immune molecules involved in antigen presentation and inflammatory cellular phenotypes are also at play in ASD. Maternal immune activation, the presence of brain-reactive antibodies and autoimmunity are other potential prenatal and postnatal contributors to ASD pathophysiology. The molecular players involved in oxidative-stress response and mitochondrial system function, are discussed as contributors to the pro-inflammatory pattern. The gastrointestinal inflammation pathways proposed to play a role in ASD are also discussed. Moreover, the body of evidence regarding some of the genetic factors linked to the immune system dysregulation is reviewed and discussed. Last, but not least, the epigenetic traits and their interactions with the immune system are reviewed as an expanding field in ASD research. Understanding the immune-mediated pathways that influence brain development and function, metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis, may lead to the identification of robust diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for ASD individuals. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches could be developed, ultimately aiming to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Erbescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biology, Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Arghir
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biology, Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Ma MT, Jennings MR, Blazeck J, Lieberman RL. Catalytically active holo Homo sapiens adenosine deaminase I adopts a closed conformation. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2022; 78:91-103. [PMID: 34981765 PMCID: PMC8725166 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321011785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo sapiens adenosine deaminase 1 (HsADA1; UniProt P00813) is an immunologically relevant enzyme with roles in T-cell activation and modulation of adenosine metabolism and signaling. Patients with genetic deficiency in HsADA1 suffer from severe combined immunodeficiency, and HsADA1 is a therapeutic target in hairy cell leukemias. Historically, insights into the catalytic mechanism and the structural attributes of HsADA1 have been derived from studies of its homologs from Bos taurus (BtADA) and Mus musculus (MmADA). Here, the structure of holo HsADA1 is presented, as well as biochemical characterization that confirms its high activity and shows that it is active across a broad pH range. Structurally, holo HsADA1 adopts a closed conformation distinct from the open conformation of holo BtADA. Comparison of holo HsADA1 and MmADA reveals that MmADA also adopts a closed conformation. These findings challenge previous assumptions gleaned from BtADA regarding the conformation of HsADA1 that may be relevant to its immunological interactions, particularly its ability to bind adenosine receptors. From a broader perspective, the structural analysis of HsADA1 presents a cautionary tale for reliance on homologs to make structural inferences relevant to applications such as protein engineering or drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Maria Rain Jennings
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - John Blazeck
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Raquel L. Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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27
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Hou R, He Y, Yan G, Hou S, Xie Z, Liao C. Zinc enzymes in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113877. [PMID: 34624823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In humans, more than three hundred diverse enzymes that require zinc as an essential cofactor have been identified. These zinc enzymes have demonstrated different and important physiological functions and some of them have been considered as valuable therapeutic targets for drug discovery. Indeed, many drugs targeting a few zinc enzymes have been marketed to treat a variety of diseases. This review discusses drug discovery and drug development based on a dozen of zinc enzymes, including their biological functions and pathogenic roles, their best in class inhibitors (and clinical trial data when available), coordination and binding modes of representative inhibitors, and their implications for further drug design. The opportunities and challenges in developing zinc enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of human disorders are highlighted, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guangwei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuzeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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28
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Moretti FA, Giardino G, Attenborough TCH, Gkazi AS, Margetts BK, la Marca G, Fairbanks L, Crompton T, Gaspar HB. Metabolite and thymocyte development defects in ADA-SCID mice receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23221. [PMID: 34853379 PMCID: PMC8636570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC3.5.4.4), a housekeeping enzyme intrinsic to the purine salvage pathway, leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) both in humans and mice. Lack of ADA results in the intracellular accumulation of toxic metabolites which have effects on T cell development and function. While untreated ADA-SCID is a fatal disorder, there are different therapeutic options available to restore ADA activity and reconstitute a functioning immune system, including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Administration of ERT in the form of pegylated bovine ADA (PEG-ADA) has proved a life-saving though non-curative treatment for ADA-SCID patients. However, in many patients treated with PEG-ADA, there is suboptimal immune recovery with low T and B cell numbers. Here, we show reduced thymus cellularity in ADA-SCID mice despite weekly PEG-ADA treatment. This was associated with lack of effective adenosine (Ado) detoxification in the thymus. We also show that thymocyte development in ADA-deficient thymi is arrested at the DN3-to-DN4 stage transition with thymocytes undergoing dATP-induced apoptosis rather than defective TCRβ rearrangement or β-selection. Our studies demonstrate at a detailed level that exogenous once-a-week enzyme replacement does not fully correct intra-thymic metabolic or immunological abnormalities associated with ADA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ben K Margetts
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence and Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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29
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Höppner J, Bruni C, Distler O, Robson SC, Burmester GR, Siegert E, Distler JHW. Purinergic signaling in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2770-2782. [PMID: 34849624 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that involves numerous organs and presents major management challenges. The histopathologic hallmarks of SSc include vasculopathy, fibrosis and autoimmune phenomena involving both innate and adaptive immune systems. Purinergic signalling is a pathway that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several of these disease manifestations. Extracellular purines are potent signalling mediators, which have been shown to be dysregulated in SSc. As examples, purines can exacerbate vasculopathy and provoke platelet dysfunction; as well as contributing to immune dysregulation. Elements of purinergic signalling further promote organ and tissue fibrosis in several disease models. Here, we provide an overview of extracellular purine metabolism in purinergic signalling and link disorders of these to the molecular pathology of SSc. We also discuss targeting the purinergic signalling and explore the translational applications for new therapeutic options in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Höppner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elise Siegert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Wang X, Ma C, Rodríguez Labrada R, Qin Z, Xu T, He Z, Wei Y. Recent advances in lentiviral vectors for gene therapy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1842-1857. [PMID: 34708326 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs), derived from human immunodeficiency virus, are powerful tools for modifying the genes of eukaryotic cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and neural cells. With the extensive and in-depth studies on this gene therapy vehicle over the past two decades, LVs have been widely used in both research and clinical trials. For instance, third-generation and self-inactive LVs have been used to introduce a gene with therapeutic potential into the host genome and achieve targeted delivery into specific tissue. When LVs are employed in leukemia, the transduced T cells recognize and kill the tumor B cells; in β-thalassemia, the transduced CD34+ cells express normal β-globin; in adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency, the autologous CD34+ cells express adenosine deaminase and realize immune reconstitution. Overall, LVs can perform significant roles in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases, hemoglobinopathies, B cell leukemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent developments and therapeutic applications of LVs. The safe and efficient LVs show great promise as a tool for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Roberto Rodríguez Labrada
- Department Clinical Neurophysiology, Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, Holguín, 80100, Cuba
| | - Zhou Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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31
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Kreins AY, Velasco HF, Cheong KN, Rao K, Veys P, Worth A, Gaspar HB, Booth C. Long-Term Immune Recovery After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for ADA Deficiency: a Single-Center Experience. J Clin Immunol 2021; 42:94-107. [PMID: 34654999 PMCID: PMC8821083 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unconditioned hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the recommended treatment for patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency with an HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) or family donor (MFD). Improved overall survival (OS) has been reported compared to the use of unrelated donors, and previous studies have demonstrated that adequate cellular and humoral immune recovery can be achieved even in the absence of conditioning. Detailed insight of the long-term outcome is still limited. We aim to address this by studying a large single-center cohort of 28 adenosine deaminase-deficient patients who underwent a total of 31 HSCT procedures, of which more than half were unconditioned. We report an OS of 85.7% and event-free survival of 71% for the entire cohort, with no statistically significant differences after procedures using related or unrelated HLA-matched donors. We find that donor engraftment in the myeloid compartment is significantly diminished in unconditioned procedures, which typically use a MSD or MFD. This is associated with poor metabolic correction and more frequent failure to discontinue immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Approximately one in four patients receiving an unconditioned procedure required a second procedure, whereas the use of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) prior to allogeneic transplantation improves the long-term outcome by achieving better myeloid engraftment, humoral immune recovery, and metabolic correction. Further longitudinal studies are needed to optimize future management and guidelines, but our findings support a potential role for the routine use of RIC in most ADA-deficient patients receiving an HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplant, even when a MSD or MFD is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Kreins
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Helena F Velasco
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Federal University of São Paolo, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Kai-Ning Cheong
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kanchan Rao
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Veys
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Orchard Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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32
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Sali V, Veit C, Valros A, Junnikkala S, Heinonen M, Nordgreen J. Dynamics of Salivary Adenosine Deaminase, Haptoglobin, and Cortisol in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Growing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:698628. [PMID: 34722692 PMCID: PMC8551609 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.698628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory conditions are common especially in growing pigs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important antigenic structure of Gram-negative bacteria and can be used to induce inflammation experimentally. As pigs are usually group-housed in commercial conditions, it is difficult to detect sick individuals, particularly at an early stage of illness. Acute phase proteins such as haptoglobin (Hp) are known indicators of an activated innate immune system whereas adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a relatively novel inflammatory biomarker in pigs. Both parameters can be measured in saliva and could be used as indicators of inflammation. Compared with blood sampling, saliva sampling is a less stressful procedure that is rapid, non-invasive and easy to perform both at group and at individual level. In this blinded randomized clinical trial, 32 female pigs at their post-weaning phase were allocated to one of four treatments comprising two injections of the following substance combinations: saline-saline (SS), ketoprofen-saline (KS), saline-LPS (SL), and ketoprofen-LPS (KL). First, ketoprofen or saline was administered intramuscularly on average 1 h before either LPS or saline was given through an ear vein catheter. In all groups, saliva was collected prior to injections (baseline) and at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h post-injection for determination of ADA, Hp, and cortisol concentrations. A multivariate model was applied to describe the dynamics of each biomarker. Pairwise relationships between ADA, Hp, and cortisol responses from baseline to 4 h post-injection within the SL group were studied with Spearman correlations. A significant increase in the SL group was seen in all biomarkers 4 h post-injection compared to baseline and other time points (pairwise comparisons, p < 0.01 for all) and ketoprofen alleviated the LPS effect. We found a significant positive correlation between ADA and Hp within the SL group (r = 0.86, p < 0.05). The primary and novel findings of the present study are the response of ADA to LPS, its time course and alleviation by ketoprofen. Our results support the evidence that ADA and Hp can be used as inflammatory biomarkers in pigs. We suggest further studies to be conducted in commercial settings with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Sali
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Mäntsälä, Finland
| | - Christina Veit
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Valros
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Research Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Helsinki, Mäntsälä, Finland
| | - Sami Junnikkala
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Heinonen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Mäntsälä, Finland
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Research Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Helsinki, Mäntsälä, Finland
| | - Janicke Nordgreen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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33
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Laubach ZM, Greenberg JR, Turner JW, Montgomery TM, Pioon MO, Sawdy MA, Smale L, Cavalcante RG, Padmanabhan KR, Lalancette C, vonHoldt B, Faulk CD, Dolinoy DC, Holekamp KE, Perng W. Early-life social experience affects offspring DNA methylation and later life stress phenotype. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4398. [PMID: 34285226 PMCID: PMC8292380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents and captive primates suggest that the early-life social environment affects future phenotype, potentially through alterations to DNA methylation. Little is known of these associations in wild animals. In a wild population of spotted hyenas, we test the hypothesis that maternal care during the first year of life and social connectedness during two periods of early development leads to differences in DNA methylation and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) later in life. Here we report that although maternal care and social connectedness during the den-dependent life stage are not associated with fGCMs, greater social connectedness during the subadult den-independent life stage is associated with lower adult fGCMs. Additionally, more maternal care and social connectedness after den independence correspond with higher global (%CCGG) DNA methylation. We also note differential DNA methylation near 5 genes involved in inflammation, immune response, and aging that may link maternal care with stress phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Laubach
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA.
- BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Julia R Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Julie W Turner
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Tracy M Montgomery
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malit O Pioon
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Maggie A Sawdy
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
| | - Laura Smale
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Epigenomics Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology and Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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34
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Wahjudi TD, Kutzner H, Bleeke M, Hoeger PH. Multicentric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:875-878. [PMID: 33931899 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 4-year-old boy, post-human stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA), who developed multiple dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). We hypothesize a role for chimerism leading to accumulation of toxic metabolites which can cause DNA strand breaks and inhibit lymphocyte activation. Patients with ADA-SCID should remain under lifelong dermatologic surveillance as DFSP lesions can be quite inconspicuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana D Wahjudi
- Departments of Paediatrics, Catholic Children´s Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Kutzner
- Institute of Dermatopathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bleeke
- Divison of Paediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Hoeger
- Departments of Paediatrics, Catholic Children´s Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children´s Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Kahwash BM, Yonkof JR, Abraham RS, Mustillo PJ, Abu-Arja R, Rangarajan HG, Scherzer R. Delayed-Onset ADA1 (ADA) Deficiency Not Detected by TREC Screen. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-005579. [PMID: 33975924 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-month-old boy presented to a community pediatrician with a recent history of failure to thrive. Workup revealed neutropenia and lymphopenia. Subsequent admission for fever and pneumonia revealed an absolute neutrophil count of 860 and absolute lymphocyte count of 214. Lymphopenia affected all lymphocyte subsets and his naïve and memory CD4+ T-cell ratio was inverted for age. Immunoglobulin levels were normal for age, and tetanus and diphtheria antibody titers were protective. The profound lymphopenia raised suspicion for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), despite a normal newborn screening by T-cell receptor excision circle analysis. He did not have a previous history of recurrent fevers or infections, had attended day care, and had received all age-appropriate vaccines. He subsequently was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, adenovirus upper respiratory infection, and rotaviral diarrhea. An enzyme assay revealed absent adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and elevated erythrocyte deoxyadenosine nucleotides. With genetic sequencing, 2 pathogenic variants in the ADA gene were confirmed. Acute management of ADA-SCID is aimed at restoration of enzyme activity, followed by curative therapy. The patient is currently on immunoglobulin therapy and recombinant ADA (Revcovi), with an excellent immune response, while awaiting sibling hematopoietic cell transplant from a matched sibling. Hypomorphic ADA variants can present with delayed-onset SCID, and some of these patients are missed by SCID newborn screening. A careful review of a complete blood cell count might offer clues and promote confirmatory diagnostic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil M Kahwash
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and .,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer R Yonkof
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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36
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Marchetti M, Faggiano S, Mozzarelli A. Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Genetic Disorders Associated with Enzyme Deficiency. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:489-525. [PMID: 34042028 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210526144654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in human genes might lead to loss of functional proteins, causing diseases. Among these genetic disorders, a large class is associated with the deficiency in metabolic enzymes, resulting in both an increase in the concentration of substrates and a loss in the metabolites produced by the catalyzed reactions. The identification of therapeutic actions based on small molecules represents a challenge to medicinal chemists because the target is missing. Alternative approaches are biology-based, ranging from gene and stem cell therapy, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, distinct types of RNAs, and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This review will focus on the latter approach that since the 1990s has been successfully applied to cure many rare diseases, most of them being lysosomal storage diseases or metabolic diseases. So far, a dozen enzymes have been approved by FDA/EMA for lysosome storage disorders and only a few for metabolic diseases. Enzymes for replacement therapy are mainly produced in mammalian cells and some in plant cells and yeasts and are further processed to obtain active, highly bioavailable, less degradable products. Issues still under investigation for the increase in ERT efficacy are the optimization of enzymes interaction with cell membrane and internalization, the reduction in immunogenicity, and the overcoming of blood-brain barrier limitations when neuronal cells need to be targeted. Overall, ERT has demonstrated its efficacy and safety in the treatment of many genetic rare diseases, both saving newborn lives and improving patients' life quality, and represents a very successful example of targeted biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Marchetti
- Biopharmanet-TEC Interdepartmental Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Bldg 33., 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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37
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Teke Kisa P, Arslan N. Inborn errors of immunity and metabolic disorders: current understanding, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:277-294. [PMID: 33675210 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism consist of a heterogeneous group of disorders with various organ systems manifestations, and some metabolic diseases also cause immunological disorders or dysregulation. In this review, metabolic diseases that affect the immunological system and particularly lead to primary immune deficiency will be reviewed. In a patient with frequent infections and immunodeficiency, the presence of symptoms such as growth retardation, abnormal facial appearance, heart, skeletal, lung deformities, skin findings, arthritis, motor developmental retardation, seizure, deafness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, impairment of liver function tests, the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia in hematological examinations should suggest metabolic diseases for the underlying cause. In some patients, these phenotypic findings may appear before the immunodeficiency picture. Metabolic diseases leading to immunological disorders are likely to be rare but probably underdiagnosed. Therefore, the presence of recurrent infections or autoimmune findings in a patient with a suspected metabolic disease should suggest that immune deficiency may also accompany the picture, and diagnostic examinations in this regard should be deepened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Teke Kisa
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nur Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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38
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Aranda CS, Guimarães RR, de Gouveia-Pereira Pimentel M. Combined immunodeficiencies. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97 Suppl 1:S39-S48. [PMID: 33340461 PMCID: PMC9432339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), also known as primary immunodeficiencies, correspond to a heterogeneous group of congenital diseases that primarily affect immune response components. The main clinical manifestations comprise increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, allergies and malignancies. The aim of this article is to review the literature on combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs) focusing on the diagnosis and treatment and the particularities of the clinical management of these patients. SOURCE OF DATA Critical integrative review, aimed to present articles related to primary immunodeficiencies combined with a searchin the PubMed and SciELO databases, with evaluation of publications from the last twenty years that were essential for the construction of knowledge on this group of diseases. SUMMARY OF DATA We highlight the main characteristics of CIDs, dividing them according to their pathophysiological mechanisms, such as defects in the development of T cells, TCR signaling, co-stimulatory pathways, cytokine signaling, adhesion, migration and organization of the cytoskeleton, apoptosis pathways, DNA replication and repair and metabolic pathways. In CIDs, clinical manifestations vary widely, from sinopulmonary bacterial infections and diarrhea to opportunistic infections, caused by mycobacteria and fungi. Neonatal screening makes it possible to suspect these diseases before clinical manifestations appear. CONCLUSIONS The CIDs or IEI constitute a complex group of genetic diseases with T-cell involvement. Neonatal screening for these diseases has improved the prognosis of these patients, especially in severe ones, known as SCIDs.
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Abstract
Gene therapy is an innovative treatment for Primary Immune Deficiencies (PIDs) that uses autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to deliver stem cells with added or edited versions of the missing or malfunctioning gene that causes the PID. Initial studies of gene therapy for PIDs in the 1990-2000's used integrating murine gamma-retroviral vectors. While these studies showed clinical efficacy in many cases, especially with the administration of marrow cytoreductive conditioning before cell re-infusion, these vectors caused genotoxicity and development of leukoproliferative disorders in several patients. More recent studies used lentiviral vectors in which the enhancer elements of the long terminal repeats self-inactivate during reverse transcription ("SIN" vectors). These SIN vectors have excellent safety profiles and have not been reported to cause any clinically significant genotoxicity. Gene therapy has successfully treated several PIDs including Adenosine Deaminase Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), X-linked SCID, Artemis SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-I. In all, gene therapy for PIDs has progressed over the recent decades to be equal or better than allogeneic HSCT in terms of efficacy and safety. Further improvements in methods should lead to more consistent and reliable efficacy from gene therapy for a growing list of PIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Kohn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Donald B. Kohn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Gene delivery using AAV8 in vivo for disease stabilization in a bimodal gene therapy approach for the treatment of ADA-deficient SCID. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:765-778. [PMID: 33738330 PMCID: PMC7940710 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism affecting multiple systems and causing severe combined immunodeficiency. We tested intravenous administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/8-ADA vector in ADA-deficient neonate and adult mice or as part of a bimodal approach comprised of rAAV treatment at birth followed by infusion of lentiviral vector (LV)-modified lineage-depleted bone marrow cells at 8 weeks. ADA−/− mice treated with rAAV and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for 30 days were rescued from the lethal pulmonary insufficiency, surviving out to 180 days without further treatment. rAAV vector copy number (VCN) was highest in liver, lung, and heart and was associated with near-normal ADA activity and thymocyte development. In the bimodal approach, rAAV-mediated ADA expression supported survival during the 4 weeks before infusion of the LV-modified bone marrow cells and during the engraftment period. Conditioning prior to infusion may have resulted in the replacement of rAAV marked cells in marrow and liver, with LV VCN 100- to 1,000-fold higher in hematopoietic tissue compared with rAAV VCN, and was associated with immune cell reconstitution. In conclusion, a bimodal approach may be an alternative for patients without reliable access to ERT before receiving a stem cell transplant or gene therapy.
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Rappl P, Brüne B, Schmid T. Role of Tristetraprolin in the Resolution of Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010066. [PMID: 33477783 PMCID: PMC7832405 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic inflammatory diseases account for up to 60% of deaths worldwide and, thus, are considered a great threat for human health by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, acute inflammatory reactions are an integral part of the host defense against invading pathogens or injuries. To avoid excessive damage due to the persistence of a highly reactive environment, inflammations need to resolve in a coordinate and timely manner, ensuring for the immunological normalization of the affected tissues. Since post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are essential for effective resolution, the present review discusses the key role of the RNA-binding and post-transcriptional regulatory protein tristetraprolin in establishing resolution of inflammation. Abstract Inflammation is a crucial part of immune responses towards invading pathogens or tissue damage. While inflammatory reactions are aimed at removing the triggering stimulus, it is important that these processes are terminated in a coordinate manner to prevent excessive tissue damage due to the highly reactive inflammatory environment. Initiation of inflammatory responses was proposed to be regulated predominantly at a transcriptional level, whereas post-transcriptional modes of regulation appear to be crucial for resolution of inflammation. The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) interacts with AU-rich elements in the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs, recruits deadenylase complexes and thereby facilitates degradation of its targets. As TTP regulates the mRNA stability of numerous inflammatory mediators, it was put forward as a crucial post-transcriptional regulator of inflammation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the function of TTP with a specific focus on its role in adding to resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rappl
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Kuo CY, Garabedian E, Puck J, Cowan MJ, Sullivan KE, Buckley RH, Cunningham-Rundles C, Marsh R, Candotti F, Kohn DB. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)-Deficient Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) in the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNet) Registry. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:1124-1131. [PMID: 32880085 PMCID: PMC8216639 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data from ADA-SCID patients registered in the U.S. Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNet) Repository were analyzed. Sixty-four ADA-SCID patients born between 1981 and 2017 had clinical data entered by their local (or home) enrolling institution. Median age at diagnosis was 1 month for those with a positive family history and 3 months for those without a prior family history, with some diagnosed at birth and one as late as 9 years of age. Overall survival was 79.7%, which increased to 94.1% since 2010. These patients had multiple infections and pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurological complications. The majority received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) at some time, including 88% of those born since 2010. Twenty-six patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). HSCT successfully supported survival (17/26, 65%) using a variety of cell sources (bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and cord blood) from sibling, family and unrelated donors. Nineteen patients underwent autologous HSCT with gene therapy (GT) using retroviral and lentiviral vectors and all are surviving. The prognosis for patients with ADA-SCID has continued to improve but these patients do have multiple early and potentially long-term conditions that require medical monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y Kuo
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte, MDCC 12-430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Garabedian
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Puck
- Allergy Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplant Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Allergy Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplant Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca H Buckley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Marsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Departments of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Therapeutic Perspectives of Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204652. [PMID: 33053898 PMCID: PMC7587364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of purine metabolism that irreversibly converts adenosine to inosine or 2'deoxyadenosine to 2'deoxyinosine. ADA is active both inside the cell and on the cell surface where it was found to interact with membrane proteins, such as CD26 and adenosine receptors, forming ecto-ADA (eADA). In addition to adenosine uptake, the activity of eADA is an essential mechanism that terminates adenosine signaling. This is particularly important in cardiovascular system, where adenosine protects against endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, or thrombosis. Besides enzymatic function, ADA protein mediates cell-to-cell interactions involved in lymphocyte co-stimulation or endothelial activation. Furthermore, alteration in ADA activity was demonstrated in many cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, thrombosis, or diabetes. Modulation of ADA activity could be an important therapeutic target. This work provides a systematic review of ADA activity and anchoring inhibitors as well as summarizes the perspectives of their therapeutic use in cardiovascular pathologies associated with increased activity of ADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-64 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
| | | | | | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-64 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
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Izmirly AM, Alturki SO, Alturki SO, Connors J, Haddad EK. Challenges in Dengue Vaccines Development: Pre-existing Infections and Cross-Reactivity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1055. [PMID: 32655548 PMCID: PMC7325873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most frequently transmitted mosquito-borne diseases in the world, which creates a significant public health concern globally, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. It is estimated that more than 390 million people are infected with dengue virus each year and around 96 million develop clinical pathologies. Dengue infections are not only a health problem but also a substantial economic burden. To date, there are no effective antiviral therapies and there is only one licensed dengue vaccine that only demonstrated protection in the seropositive (Immune), naturally infected with dengue, but not dengue seronegative (Naïve) vaccines. In this review, we address several immune components and their interplay with the dengue virus. Additionally, we summarize the literature pertaining to current dengue vaccine development and advances. Moreover, we review some of the factors affecting vaccine responses, such as the pre-vaccination environment, and provide an overview of the significant challenges that face the development of an efficient/protective dengue vaccine including the presence of multiple serotypes, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), as well as cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Finally, we discuss targeting T follicular helper cells (Tfh), a significant cell population that is essential for the production of high-affinity antibodies, which might be one of the elements needed to be specifically targeted to enhance vaccine precision to dengue regardless of dengue serostatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Izmirly
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana O Alturki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan O Alturki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer Connors
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pajno R, Pacillo L, Recupero S, Cicalese MP, Ferrua F, Barzaghi F, Ricci S, Marzollo A, Pecorelli S, Azzari C, Finocchi A, Cancrini C, Di Matteo G, Russo G, Alfano M, Lesma A, Salonia A, Adams S, Booth C, Aiuti A. Urogenital Abnormalities in Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:610-618. [PMID: 32307643 PMCID: PMC7253380 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Improved survival in ADA-SCID patients is revealing new aspects of the systemic disorder. Although increasing numbers of reports describe the systemic manifestations of adenosine deaminase deficiency, currently there are no studies in the literature evaluating genital development and pubertal progress in these patients. Methods We collected retrospective data on urogenital system and pubertal development of 86 ADA-SCID patients followed in the period 2000–2017 at the Great Ormond Street Hospital (UK) and 5 centers in Italy. In particular, we recorded clinical history and visits, and routine blood tests and ultrasound scans were performed as part of patients’ follow-up. Results and Discussion We found a higher frequency of congenital and acquired undescended testes compared with healthy children (congenital, 22% in our sample, 0.5–4% described in healthy children; acquired, 16% in our sample, 1–3% in healthy children), mostly requiring orchidopexy. No urogenital abnormalities were noted in females. Spontaneous pubertal development occurred in the majority of female and male patients with a few cases of precocious or delayed puberty; no patient presented high FSH values. Neither ADA-SCID nor treatment performed (PEG-ADA, BMT, or GT) affected pubertal development or gonadic function. Conclusion In summary, this report describes a high prevalence of cryptorchidism in a cohort of male ADA-SCID patients which could represent an additional systemic manifestation of ADA-SCID. Considering the impact urogenital and pubertal abnormalities can have on patients’ quality of life, we feel it is essential to include urogenital evaluation in ADA-SCID patients to detect any abnormalities, initiate early treatment, and prevent long-term complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10875-020-00777-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pajno
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Department of Pediatrics, "Pietro Barilla" Children Hospital, University of Parma, via Gramsci, 14, Parma, Italy.,Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Childrens' Hospital Bambino Gesù, University Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Recupero
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Cicalese
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Marzollo
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Pecorelli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ospedale dei Bambini - Spedali Civili, Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Childrens' Hospital Bambino Gesù, University Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Childrens' Hospital Bambino Gesù, University Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Childrens' Hospital Bambino Gesù, University Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Russo
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Lesma
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stuart Adams
- SIHMDS-Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Zhang L, Yu M, Xu H, Wei X, Liu Y, Huang C, Chen H, Guo Z. RNA sequencing revealed the abnormal transcriptional profile in cloned bovine embryos. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:492-500. [PMID: 32035150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has potential applications in agriculture and biomedicine, but the efficiency of cloning is still low. In this study, the transcriptional profiles in cloned and fertilized embryos were measured and compared by RNA sequencing. The 2-cell embryos were detected to identify the earliest transcriptional differences between embryos derived through IVF and SCNT. As a result, 364 genes showed decreased expression in cloned 2-cell embryos and were enriched in "intracellular protein transport" and "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis". In blastocysts, 593 genes showed decreased expression in cloned blastocysts and were enriched in "RNA binding", "nucleotide binding", "embryo development", and "adherens junction". We identified 14 development related genes that were not activated in the cloned embryos. Then, 68 and 245 long non-coding RNAs were recognized abnormally expressed in cloned 2-cell embryos and cloned blastocysts, respectively. Furthermore, we found that incomplete RNA-editing occurred in cloned embryos and might be caused by decreased ADAR expression. In conclusion, our study revealed the abnormal transcripts and deficient RNA-editing sites in cloned embryos and provided new data for further mechanistic studies of somatic nuclear reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Mengying Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Xing Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Chenyang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Nonmalignant leukocyte disorders. RODAK'S HEMATOLOGY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7151933 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-53045-3.00035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chest Radiographs for Distinguishing ADA-SCID from Other Forms of SCID. J Clin Immunol 2019; 40:259-266. [PMID: 31858364 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early differentiation of adenosine deaminase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) from other forms of SCID may initiate appropriate treatment interventions with the aim of metabolic detoxification and improved outcome. Our hypothesis was that previously described radiological features (inferior scapular angle squaring and spurring and costochondral cupping) can differentiate ADA-SCID from other forms of SCID. METHODS Chest radiographs at clinical presentation between 2000 and 2017 of children with ADA-SCID were retrospectively included, provided that the radiological features were assessable. Random chest radiographs of children with other forms of SCID were included for comparison. Three paediatric radiologists (2 senior, 1 junior) assessed the radiographs for the specific radiological features and stated their diagnosis (ADA-SCID or non-ADA-SCID). An optimal threshold for test performance was defined using a ROC curve. RESULTS Thirty-six patients with ADA-SCID and twenty-five patients with non-ADA-SCID were included (median age 3.8 months). The optimal threshold for test performance was at approximately < 7 months old: sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 80.7%, interreader agreement was k = 0.709, AUC 0.862. The positive likelihood ratio for scapular squaring, scapular spur, and costochondral cupping was 4.0, 54.6 and 7.8, respectively. The test was valid when performed by both senior and junior paediatric radiologists. CONCLUSION Radiological features such as scapular spurring, scapular squaring and costochondral cupping can reliably differentiate between ADA-SCID and other forms of SCID. This is true for children aged approximately < 7 months, and this is reliable when assessed by both senior and junior paediatric radiologists.
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Zhao-wei G, Zhao GH, Li RC, Wang HP, Liu C, Zhang HZ, Dong K. Activities of Serum Adenosine Deaminase and its Isoenzymes in
Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing
Spondylitis and Myasthenia Gravis. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1024-3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes and
diagnostic value of serum ADA activity in autoimmune diseases, including
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing
spondylitis (AS), and myasthenia gravis (MG).
Methods Serum ADA activity, including total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes
(ADA1 and ADA2), was determined in patients with different autoimmune diseases
(144 RA, 114 SLE, 55 AS, 68 MG). The changes in serum ADA activity in patients
were analysed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was
applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum ADA activity.
Results Compared with healthy controls, the serum tADA activity in SLE
patients was significantly increased (p<0.001), while the serum tADA
activity in patients with RA, AS and MG did not change (p>0.05). The ROC
analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of serum tADA activity for SLE
diagnosis was 10.5 U/L (79.8% specificity and
74.6% sensitivity; likelihood ratio (LR): 3.693; p<0.001).
Moreover, our results showed that there were no significant changes of ADA1 and
ADA2 activity in RA, AS and MG patients, while the serum ADA2 activity was
significantly increased in SLE patients. The ROC analysis showed that ADA2
activity could be used in diagnosing SLE with 75.4% specificity and
78.1% sensitivity (LR: 3.175). Based on the ROC curve analysis, serum
tADA activity (79.8% specificity and 74.6% sensitivity;
likelihood ratio (LR): 3.693) and ADA2 activity (75.4% specificity and
78.1% sensitivity; LR: 3.175) are unlikely to be used in diagnosing SLE.
Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between tADA activity and SLE
disease activity (r=0.303, p=0.010). Notably, serum tADA
activity in SLE patients with arthritis was higher than in patients without
arthritis (p=0.005), which suggests that tADA activity might be related
to lupus arthritis.
Conclusion These findings suggest that serum tADA and ADA2 activity might
play an important role in SLE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Zhao-wei
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guan-hua Zhao
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-cheng Li
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-ping Wang
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-zhong Zhang
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Clinical Diagnosis,
Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Boschat AC, Minet N, Martin E, Barouki R, Latour S, Sanquer S. CTP synthetase activity assay by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:885-893. [PMID: 31524312 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) is known to be a central enzyme in the de novo synthesis of CTP. We have recently demonstrated that a deficiency in CTPS1 is associated with an impaired capacity of activated lymphocytes to proliferate leading to a combined immunodeficiency disease. In order to better document its role in immunomodulation, we developed a method for measuring CTPS activity in human lymphocytes. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we quantified CTPS activity by measuring CTP in cell lysates. A stable isotope analog of CTP served as internal standard. We characterized the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km of CTPS and verified that an inhibition of the enzyme activity was induced after 3-deazauridine (3DAU) treatment, a known inhibitor of CTPS. We then determined CTPS activity in healthy volunteers, in a family whose child displayed a homozygous mutation in CTPS1 gene and in patients who had developed or not a chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation. Linearity of the CTP determination was observed up to 451 μmol/L, with accuracy in the 15% tolerance range. Michaelis-Menten kinetics for lysates of resting cells were Km =280±310 μmol/L for UTP, Vmax =83±20 pmol/min and, for lysates of activated PBMCs, Km =230±280 μmol/L for UTP, Vmax =379±90 pmol/min. Treatment by 3DAU and homozygous mutation in CTPS1 gene abolished the induction of CTPS activity associated with cell stimulation, and CTPS activity was significantly reduced in the patients who developed CLAD. We conclude that this test is suitable to reveal the involvement of CTPS alteration in immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Boschat
- Plateforme de métabolomique, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Minet
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-enfants malades, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Sylvia Sanquer
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
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