1
|
Jessup O, Nacht CL, Amato M, Reynolds HE, Felner JK, Hong C, Muthuramalingam S, Siconolfi DE, Wagner GJ, Stephenson R, Storholm ED. How Intimate Partner Violence Is Influenced by Social Identity Among Sexual Minority Men. LGBT Health 2024. [PMID: 38593408 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sexual minority men (SMM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at disproportionately high rates. The objective of this article was to identify the experiences of SMM and health care providers on how social identity impacts IPV. Methods: SMM participants (N = 23) were recruited from online community settings and a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) organization in Los Angeles; providers (N = 10) were recruited from LGBTQ+ organizations. Semistructured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. An applied thematic analysis approach was implemented to create memos, inductively generate a codebook, apply codes to the transcripts, and identify key themes in data. Results: Three main themes were identified. The first theme was weaponizing social identity to control a partner, which had three subthemes: (1) immigration status, race/ethnicity, and skin color, (2) threatening to "out" the partner's sexual orientation, and (3) abusing power inequity. Men who perpetrated IPV often used minority identities or undisclosed sexuality to leverage power over their partner. The second theme was use of IPV to establish masculinity, by exerting power over the more "feminine" partner. The third theme was internalized homophobia as a root cause of IPV, which details how internalized homophobia was often expressed in violent outbursts toward partners. Conclusion: These findings highlight how IPV among SMM can be influenced by social and sexual identity. Future research must consider socially constructed power structures and the multiple identities of SMM when developing interventions to address IPV in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen Jessup
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carrie L Nacht
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marianna Amato
- Department of Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hannah E Reynolds
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer K Felner
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Chenglin Hong
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rob Stephenson
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Erik D Storholm
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin K, Tan Z, Li J, Cheng W, Yang Y, Jiang H. Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Victimhood Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Guangzhou, China. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:432-438. [PMID: 36943817 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a concern among men who have sex with men (MSM), but less attention has been paid to the factors associated with this population in China. AIMS We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with IPV victimhood among MSM in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Men who have sex with men were recruited from May to November 2017, and data were collected using an anonymous electronic questionnaire. χ2 Tests and nonconditional logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with IPV victimhood. RESULTS A total of 129 in 976 MSM (13.22%) reported experiencing IPV victimhood. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who had condomless anal intercourse (CAI; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.17) or had sex with a female partner (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15-2.83) in the past 6 months were at a higher risk of IPV victimhood. Participants who had ever experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) were more likely to experience IPV (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32-2.94). Individuals who used rush poppers before sex had a higher risk of IPV (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21-2.63). In addition, ever having sex with a female sex partner (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.04-2.60), ever having used rush poppers before sex (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.22-2.64) in the past 6 months, and ever having experienced CSA (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.35-3.01) were associated with experiencing more types of IPV. CONCLUSIONS Intimate partner violence victimhood was relatively common among MSM in Guangzhou, particularly among those who had CAI, experienced CSA, had sex with a female partner, used rush poppers before sex, and with less education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhimin Tan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou
| | - Jing Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou
| | - Weibin Cheng
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo P, Hou F, Cao W, Guo Y, Wei D, Li J, Hao Y. Intimate Partner Violence and Willingness to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Chengdu, China. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:5824-5848. [PMID: 36259286 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221127197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM also face increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, it is not known whether IPV experience of MSM in China would affect their attitudes toward pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the associations between different types of IPV and willingness to use PrEP in a sample of 608 MSM from November 2018 to May 2019 in Chengdu, China. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associations between different types of IPV and willingness to use PrEP. The average age of the participants was 31.8 ± 12.3 years, 48.9% of them were aware of PrEP before this study, and only 7.2% were aware of long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP). The overall willingness to use any type of PrEP in the next 6 months was 82.2%. Approximately one third of the participants (n = 198) had experienced at least one type of IPV. We found that experience of sexual perpetration was negatively associated with the willingness to use on-demand PrEP (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16-0.67) and the overall willingness to use any type of PrEP (ORa = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.15-0.64). The willingness to use LAI-PrEP also had negative associations with any type of monitoring IPV (ORa = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.91), controlling victimization (ORa = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21-0.82), and emotional victimization (ORa = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.97). The findings of this study demonstrate that IPV experiences are negatively associated with willingness to use PrEP among MSM, suggesting that PrEP promotion programs should consider IPV screening and develop explicit intervention strategies for both perpetrators and victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Department of Public Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dannuo Wei
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berke DS, Moody RL, Grov C, Rendina HJ. Psychosocial Risk Pathways from Childhood Sexual Abuse to Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Men: A Test of the Psychological Mediation Framework of Minority Stress. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3321-3343. [PMID: 35652430 PMCID: PMC9841749 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual minority men experience elevated rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and equal or greater rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization compared to heterosexual individuals, little research has examined mechanisms linking these forms of victimization in this high-need population. We examined general (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties) and sexual minority specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) mediational pathways between CSA and IPV victimization in a longitudinal sample of 940 sexual minority men. Path analyses revealed significant associations between CSA and internalized homophobia, between internalized homophobia and emotion regulation difficulties, and between emotion regulation difficulties and IPV victimization. No indirect effects of CSA on IPV via general or minority specific pathways were observed. Findings suggest that minority stress specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) and general psychological risk factors (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties) co-occur and may function along independent pathways to link CSA to IPV revictimization. Future work is needed to investigate how mitigation of these modifiable pathways may be targeted to inform violence prevention interventions for sexual minority men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Berke
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christian Grov
- Department of Community Health and Social Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
| | - H. Jonathon Rendina
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robles G, Bosco SC, Cardenas I, Hostetter J, Starks TJ. Psychosocial and Culturally-Specific Factors Related to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization among a Sample of Latino Sexual Minority Cis Men in the U.S. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22501-NP22527. [PMID: 35166599 PMCID: PMC9376202 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research illustrates that sexual minority men (SMM) experience elevated rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to heterosexual individuals. Researchers have examined the relationship between minority stress and IPV victimization among sexual minority men. A majority of the IPV research identifying risk factors associated with IPV victimization among SMM have sampled predominately non-Hispanic White SMM, while Latino SMM are consistently under-represented in IPV research. This study examines the associations between (1) co-occurring psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, childhood sexual abuse, drug use, and problematic drinking) and (2) Latino-specific minority stress factors (e.g., U.S.-born, language, race/ethnic identities, and discrimination) on IPV victimization in a nationwide sample of Latino SMM. Data were collected from Latino SMM aged 18 or older, identified as cis-male, and in a romantic relationship with a cis-male partner (N = 530). The participants were recruited through social media and geo-location-based dating mobile applications. A majority (72%) of the sample reported IPV victimization in their lifetime. Specific to forms of IPV, more than half (51.9%) of the sample reported monitoring behaviors, while 49.6% reported emotional IPV, 45.1% reported physical IPV, 31.5% reported controlling behaviors, and 22.3% reported HIV-related IPV. In multivariable models, psychosocial and Latino-specific factors were associated with the increased likelihood of IPV victimization. Regarding Latino-specific factors, being born in the U.S. and race-based discrimination predicted IPV victimization. These findings highlight the extent to which minority stress elevates the risk of IPV for Latino SMM and point to the need to address social factors in IPV prevention services. Further, work on SMM IPV victimization tends to focus on the potential role of sexual orientation-related discrimination, whereas the current study points to the importance of race-based discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Stephen C. Bosco
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Iris Cardenas
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Storholm ED, Siconolfi DE, Wagner GJ, Huang W, Nacht CL, Sallabank G, Felner JK, Wolf J, Lee SD, Stephenson R. Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Prevention Among Sexual Minority Men: Protocol for a Prospective Mixed Methods Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e41453. [PMID: 36378519 PMCID: PMC9709678 DOI: 10.2196/41453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority men experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at rates similar to those reported by heterosexual women in the United States. Previous studies linked both IPV victimization and perpetration to HIV risk and seroconversion; however, less is known about the impact of IPV on HIV testing, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, and the persistence of PrEP use among sexual minority men experiencing IPV. Although prior work suggests that IPV may influence HIV prevention behavior, experiences of IPV are so highly varied among sexual minority men (eg, forms, frequency, and severity; steady vs casual partnerships; perpetration vs receipt; and sexual vs physical vs psychological violence) that additional research is needed to better understand the impact that IPV has on HIV risk and protective behaviors to develop more effective interventions for sexual minority men. OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute to our understanding of the antecedents of IPV and the direct and indirect pathways between perpetration and receipt of IPV and HIV or STI risk behavior, STIs, and use of PrEP among sexual minority men experiencing IPV. METHODS This mixed methods study has 2 phases: phase 1 involved formative qualitative interviews with 23 sexual minority men experiencing IPV and 10 key stakeholders or providers of services to sexual minority men experiencing IPV to inform the content of a subsequent web-based cohort study, and phase 2 involves the recruitment of a web-based cohort study of 500 currently partnered HIV-negative sexual minority men who reside in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-identified Ending the HIV Epidemic priority jurisdictions across the United States. Participants will be followed for 24 months. They will be assessed through a full survey and asked to self-collect and return biospecimen kits assessing HIV, STIs, and PrEP use at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. They will also be asked to complete abbreviated surveys to assess for self-reported changes in key study variables at 3, 9, 15, and 21 months. RESULTS Phase 1 was launched in May 2021, and the phase 1 qualitative interviews began in December 2021 and were concluded in March 2022 after a diversity of experiences and perceptions were gathered and no new ideas emerged in the interviews. Rapid analysis of the qualitative interviews took place between March 2022 and June 2022. Phase 2 recruitment of the full cohort began in August 2022 and is planned to continue through February 2024. CONCLUSIONS This mixed methods study will contribute valuable insights into the association that IPV has with HIV risk and protective behaviors among sexual minority men. The findings from this study will be used to inform the development or adaptation of HIV and IPV prevention interventions for sexual minority men experiencing IPV. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41453.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Storholm
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Carrie L Nacht
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Greg Sallabank
- School of Nursing, University or Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer K Felner
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Wolf
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Sarita D Lee
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Rob Stephenson
- School of Nursing, University or Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stephenson R, Chavanduka TMD, Rosso MT, Sullivan SP, Pitter RA, Hunter AS, Rogers E. COVID-19 and the Risk for Increased Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12174-NP12189. [PMID: 33678032 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stay at home orders-intended to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by limiting social contact-have forced people to remain in their homes. The additional stressors created by the need to stay home and socially isolate may act as triggers to intimate partner violence (IPV). In this article, we present data from a recent online cross-sectional survey with gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States to illustrate changes in IPV risks that have occurred during the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic. The Love and Sex in the Time of COVID-19 survey was conducted online from April to May 2020. GBMSM were recruited through paid banner advertisements featured on social networking platforms, recruiting a sample size of 696 GBMSM. Analysis considers changes in victimization and perpetration of IPV during the 3 months prior to the survey (March-May 2020) that represents the first 3 months of lockdown during the COVID-19 epidemic. During the period March-May 2020, 12.6% of participants reported experiencing any IPV with higher rates of emotional IPV (10.3%) than sexual (2.2%) or physical (1.8%) IPV. Of those who reported IPV victimization during lockdown, for almost half this was their first time experience: 5.3% reported the IPV they experienced happened for the first time during the past 3 months (0.8% physical, 2.13% sexual, and 3.3% emotional). Reporting of perpetration of IPV during lockdown was lower: only 6% reported perpetrating any IPV, with perpetration rates of 1.5% for physical, 0.5% for sexual, and 5.3% for emotional IPV. Of those who reported perpetration of IPV during lockdown, very small percentages reported that this was the first time they had perpetrated IPV: 0.9% for any IPV (0.2% physical, 0.2% sexual, and 0.6% emotional). The results illustrate an increased need for IPV resources for GBMSM during these times of increased stress and uncertainty, and the need to find models of resource and service delivery that can work inside of social distancing guidelines while protecting the confidentiality and safety of those who are experiencing IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Stephenson
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanaka M D Chavanduka
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew T Rosso
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen P Sullivan
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renée A Pitter
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexis S Hunter
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin Rogers
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davis GE, Hines DA, Reed KMP. Routine Activities and Stalking Victimization in Sexual Minority College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP11242-NP11270. [PMID: 33546558 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521991879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority individuals, due to additional chronic stress they experience from living with a marginalized identity, may be perceived as vulnerable targets by motivated perpetrators of stalking. Using campus climate data collected over 11 years, researchers explore stalking victimization with a particular focus on the experiences of sexual minority college students. To get a better understanding of stalking as experienced by this population, this study investigated descriptive qualities and prevalence of stalking victimization among college students to compare experiences of sexual minority and heterosexual individuals. Additionally, using a routine activities theory framework, this study explored multiple sexual minority identities as unique predictors of stalking victimization. Results showed that bisexual and pansexual women were significantly more likely to experience stalking than heterosexual women, and gay men were significantly more likely to experience stalking than heterosexual men. In samples that included heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and pansexual students, having a sexual minority identity predicted stalking victimization for men, and having a non-monosexual (bisexual or pansexual) identity predicted stalking victimization for women. When looking across all sexual orientations, sexual minority identity significantly predicted stalking victimization for both men and women. Results are discussed in the context of routine activities theory and future directions for exploring stalking in sexual minority populations are identified.
Collapse
|
9
|
Davis DA, Rock A, Santa Luce R, McNaughton-Reyes L, Barrington C. Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Mental Health Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV in Guatemala. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1637-NP1657. [PMID: 32552467 PMCID: PMC7941092 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520928960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by poor mental health compared to their heterosexual counterparts. One factor that may increase mental health problems among MSM is intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. The objectives of this study are to (a) describe the prevalence of different forms of IPV victimization experienced by MSM living with HIV in Guatemala City and (b) examine the relationship between IPV victimization and mental health. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from a cohort of MSM living with HIV in Guatemala City (n = 374) to describe the burden of IPV, including physical, sexual, and emotional IPV. We then examined relationships between lifetime IPV and each form of recent IPV (past 12 months) with self-reported anxiety and depression using multivariable logistic regression. Over a quarter (27.3%) of the participants screened positive for anxiety and nearly one fifth (17.9%) screened positive for depression. Over a quarter of the participants (28.6%) reported ever having experienced any IPV victimization and 8.8% reported having experienced any form of recent IPV. In multivariable analyses, participants who experienced any form of lifetime IPV had roughly twice the odds of experiencing anxiety (OR: 1.86; 95% CI = [1.03, 3.38]) and depression (OR: 2.02; 95% CI = [1.02, 3.99]) compared to those who had not. Participants who experienced recent emotional IPV had over seven times the odds of experiencing anxiety (OR: 7.23; 95% CI = [1.46, 38.85]) compared to those who had not. MSM living with HIV in Guatemala experience a high burden of anxiety, depression, and IPV victimization. Those participants who had experienced lifetime IPV and recent emotional IPV were significantly more likely to screen for anxiety and depression. To improve their mental health, HIV clinics and other health services should provide support for MSM who have experienced IPV victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk A. Davis
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Amelia Rock
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Guo M, Wang W, Wei L, Xiao C, Yu L, Yan H. Association between childhood sexual abuse and patterns of HIV risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in China: A latent class analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105164. [PMID: 34225216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) exacerbate the transmission of HIV. Previous studies had demonstrated that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was associated with one or more sexual behaviors, but few studies have been conducted among MSM in China. OBJECTIVE This present study aimed to estimate latent classes of risky sexual behaviors and test for CSA differences in latent class memberships among Chinese MSM. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The eligible participants were MSM aged 16 years or older who reported ever having oral or anal sex with men in the past 6 months. METHODS Data were obtained from an anonymous questionnaire between September 2017 to January 2018 in three cities in China, and contained questions about sexual-related behaviors and CSA experience. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the patterns of sexual behaviors and binomial regression was used to examine the relationships among these variables. RESULTS Among 628 MSM, 22.6% reported experiencing CSA. A two-classes pattern of sexual behaviors was identified, with 46.7% in the low-risk class and 53.3% in the high-risk class. MSM who experienced CSA were more likely to be high-risk group compared to those without CSA experiences [odds ratio (OR) = 1.981; 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.329-2.954)]. CONCLUSIONS CSA was prevalent among Chinese MSM. And MSM with CSA experiences are more prone to be assigned to the high-risk group. Future HIV interventions need to focus on MSM who experienced CSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglan Guo
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liqing Wei
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchang Xiao
- City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med 2021; 9:100433. [PMID: 34571326 PMCID: PMC8766270 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a serious and widespread public health issue, which might result in low quality of life and increase the global burden of diseases. Aim To quantitatively estimate the pooled prevalence of IPV and its specific forms (physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence) among MSM. Methods Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG Data, and Weipu (CQVIP) Data were searched for identified studies published between January 1990 and August 2020. Random effect meta-analyses were used to synthesize the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs of IPV. Main Outcome Measures The pooled prevalence of IPV in victimization and in perpetration among MSM. Results A total of 52 studies with 32,048 participants were included for final analysis. The pooled prevalence of IPV was 33% (6,342 of 19,873; 95%CI, 28–39%) in victimization and 29% (1,491 of 5,983; 95%CI, 17 –40%) in perpetration across all recall periods among MSM population. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of physical violence was 17% (3,979 of 22,928; 95%CI, 14 –20%) and 12% (942 of 9,236; 95%CI, 10 –15%), of sexual violence was 9% (1,527 of 19,511; 95%CI, 8 –11%) and 4% (324 of 8,044; 95%CI, 3 –5%), of emotional violence was 33% (5,147 of 17,994; 95%CI, 25 –40%) and 41% (1,317 of 3,811; 95%CI, 17 –65%) in victimization and perpetration, respectively. Out of all the IPV identified, emotional violence was estimated at the highest level. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high prevalence of IPV both in victimization and perpetration among MSM, and emotional violence was estimated at the highest level out of all IPV forms. Efforts are needed to develop corresponding prevention programs for victims with an intent to increase the accessible availability of health services, and ultimately improve their life quality. Liu M., Cai X., Hao G. et al., Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med 2021;9:100433.
Collapse
|
12
|
Emetu RE, Brandt AS, Forster M. Sexual self-concepts among sexual minority men with childhood sexual abuse histories. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1838379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta E. Emetu
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Alexis S. Brandt
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fiorentino M, Eubanks A, Coulaud PJ, Couderc C, Keita BD, Anoma C, Dah E, Mensah E, Maradan G, Bourrelly M, Riegel L, Rojas-Castro D, Yaya I, Spire B, Laurent C, Sagaon-Teyssier L. Homonegativity, sexual violence and condom use with women in men who have sex with men and women in West Africa. AIDS 2021; 35:681-687. [PMID: 33306548 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore longitudinal interactions between homonegativity and sexual behaviors with female partners among HIV-negative West African men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). DESIGN AND METHOD The community-based cohort CohMSM ANRS 12324 - Expertise France enrolled MSM in Togo, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali. Sociobehavioral data were collected every 6 months. Using 30-month follow-up data, a multiprobit analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between psychosocial and behavioral variables ex-ante (t - 1) and ex-post (t). RESULTS MSMW (n = 326) accounted for half of all participants in CohMSM. They reported inconsistent condom use with women in 39% of visits. Perceived and internalized homonegativity at t - 1 tended to lead to sexual violence toward women at t (P < 0.1), which was associated with inconsistent condom use with them at t (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Given the high HIV prevalence in West African MSM, widespread condom-less sex with women in MSMW, and the aggravating effect of social and internalized homonegativity, more research in the MSMW subpopulation is needed to assess the risk of HIV bridging to women and to design support activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fiorentino
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| | - August Eubanks
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| | - Pierre-Julien Coulaud
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| | | | | | | | - Elias Dah
- Association African Solidarité, Ouagadougou
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Gwenaëlle Maradan
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| | - Michel Bourrelly
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| | | | | | - Issifou Yaya
- IRD, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Spire
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| | | | - Luis Sagaon-Teyssier
- INSERM, IRD, Aix Marseille Univ, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quinn KG, Spector A, Takahashi L, Voisin DR. Conceptualizing the Effects of Continuous Traumatic Violence on HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:758-772. [PMID: 32944841 PMCID: PMC7886964 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Antoinette Spector
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health Equity, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hirschel D, McCormack PD. Same-Sex Couples and the Police: A 10-Year Study of Arrest and Dual Arrest Rates in Responding to Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2020; 27:1119-1149. [PMID: 32515299 DOI: 10.1177/1077801220920378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite concern, little research has been conducted on whether victims in same-sex relationships receive disparate treatment from law enforcement. Utilizing 2000 through 2009 National Incident-Based Reporting System data, the authors examine the police response to incidents involving same-sex and heterosexual couples in 2,625,753 cases across 5,481 jurisdictions in 36 states and Washington, D.C. Results show that incidents with same-sex couples are less likely to result in arrest, but far more likely to result in dual arrests, in most incident configurations. Racial effects were also observed. The policy implications of these findings are discussed with the need for broad-based training highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hirschel
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.,University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wei D, Cao W, Hou F, Hao C, Gu J, Peng L, Li J. Multilevel factors associated with perpetration of five types of intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men in China: an ecological model-informed study. AIDS Care 2020; 32:1544-1555. [PMID: 32093496 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1734523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In China, intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men remains poorly investigated. Informed by the ecological model, this study explored multilevel factors associated with perpetration of IPV among men who have sex with men. The participants were recruited from 15 cities in mainland China. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that the prevalence of committing physical, sexual, monitoring, controlling and emotional IPV was 8.6%, 7.1%, 15.2%, 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively. Committing physical IPV showed a positive association with perceived public discrimination and self-stigma towards homosexuality. Committing sexual IPV showed a positive association with involvement with a homosexual support agency and more sex partners. Monitoring IPV was positively associated with higher education and perceived stress, but negatively associated with instrumental and emotional support. Committing controlling IPV showed a positive association with drug use during sex and self-stigma but a negative association with self-esteem, self-efficacy and older age at first homosexual sex. Committing emotional IPV showed a positive association with commercial sex behaviour and perceived stress, but a negative association with resilience. Committing IPV was prevalent in this population. It is necessary to distinguish the various types of IPV in future studies, given their differences in associated factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dannuo Wei
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Department of Public Mental Health, Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stephenson R, Sharma A, Mimiaga MJ, Garofalo R, Brown E, Bratcher A, Wimbly T, Hidalgo MA, Hoehnle S, Thai J, Sullivan PS, Suarez NA. Concordance in the reporting of intimate partner violence among male-male couples. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2019; 34:677-686. [PMID: 32773962 PMCID: PMC7413602 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-019-00076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) among male couples is increasingly recognized as a public health concern. Research on IPV in opposite sex couples indicates frequent underreporting of IPV and high levels of discordance in reporting among dyads. Concordance studies inform refinement methods to measure the experience of IPV among dyads; however the lack of dyadic studies of male couples impedes our understanding of the extent to which IPV is differentially reported in male-male dyads. This study utilized baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to optimize antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among 160 sero-discordant male couples in three US cities and provides the first analysis of concordance in reporting IPV among male couples. Low degrees of concordance in the reporting of IPV were identified among male dyads, with a greater proportion of men reporting violence perpetration than experiencing violence. The greater reporting of IPV perpetration may be linked to adherence to concepts of masculinity. The results underscore the unique experiences of IPV among male couples and the need to reexamine current IPV measurement and intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stephenson
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M J Mimiaga
- Center for Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Garofalo
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Brown
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Bratcher
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Wimbly
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M A Hidalgo
- Center for Trans Youth Health and Development, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Hoehnle
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Thai
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P S Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N A Suarez
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Godbout N, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Bigras N, Briere J, Hébert M, Runtz M, Sabourin S. Intimate Partner Violence in Male Survivors of Child Maltreatment: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:99-113. [PMID: 29333983 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017692382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. Yet, despite an increasingly extensive literature on interpersonal violence, research on male victims of IPV remains sparse and the associations between different forms of child maltreatment (CM) and IPV victimization and perpetration in men remains unclear. The present meta-analysis evaluated five different forms of CM (sexual, physical, and psychological abuses, neglect, and witnessing IPV) as they predicted sexual, psychological, and physical IPV perpetration and victimization in men. Overall, most available studies examined men as perpetrators of IPV, whereas studies of victimization in men were relatively scarce. Results reveal an overall significant association ( r = .19) between CM and IPV. The magnitude of this effect did not vary as a function of type (perpetration vs. victimization) or form (sexual, psychological, or physical) of IPV. Although all forms of CM were related to IPV, with effect sizes ranging from .05 (neglect and IPV victimization) to .26 (psychological abuse and IPV victimization), these associations varied in magnitude according to the type of CM. Findings suggest the importance of expanding research on CM and IPV to include a range of different kinds of abuse and neglect and to raise concerns about the experience of men as both victims and perpetrators of IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Godbout
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Noémie Bigras
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Briere
- 3 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Hébert
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marsha Runtz
- 4 Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bias Adjustment Techniques Are Underutilized in HIV Sexual Risk Estimation: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081696. [PMID: 30096874 PMCID: PMC6121670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Valid measurement of determinants of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) is critical for intervention planning and resource allocation. However, sexual minority research concerning HIV risk often relies on proxy exposures of sexual behaviors such as sexual orientation and partner gender. Inferring high risk sexual behaviors (i.e., condomless anal intercourse) from these proxies inaccurately captures HIV risk, but few studies have attempted to correct for this bias. Methods: We performed a systematic review of methodological practices for estimating risk of HIV infection among MSM. Results: We identified 32 studies in which high risk sexual behavior was assessed: 82% (n = 26) measured and used sexual risk behaviors (e.g., condomless anal intercourse or sexual positioning) to assess risk of HIV infection; 9% (n = 3) used proxy measures; and 9% (n = 3) used both behavior and proxy variables. Various treatments of misclassification reported by investigators included the following: 82% (n = 26) discussed misclassification of sexual behavior as a potential limitation; however, among these studies, no attempts were made to correct misclassification; 12% (n = 4) did not report exposure misclassification, and 6% (n = 2) explicitly considered this information bias and conducted a Bayesian approach to correct for misclassification. Conclusions: Our systematic review indicates that a majority of studies engaging in collecting primary data have taken additional steps to acquire detailed information regarding sexual risk behaviors. However, reliance on population-based surveys may still lead to potentially biased estimates. Thus, bias analytic techniques are potential tools to control for any suspected biases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Duncan DT, Goedel WC, Stults CB, Brady WJ, Brooks FA, Blakely JS, Hagen D. A Study of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Abuse, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Sample of Geosocial-Networking Smartphone Application Users. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:292-301. [PMID: 26873342 PMCID: PMC5818104 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316631964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Geosocial-networking smartphone applications ("apps") are widely used by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and facilitate connections between users based on proximity and attraction. MSM have sexual encounters and relationships of varying degrees of emotional and physical intimacy with app-met individuals, potentially placing them at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of the current study was to utilize a geosocial-networking application to investigate relationships between experiences of IPV victimization as it relates to substance use and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of MSM. Participants ( n = 175) were recruited by means of broadcast advertisements on an application widely used by MSM (Grindr) to seek sexual partners. Multivariable regression models were fit to examine associations between IPV, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Lifetime experiences of IPV victimization were common, where 37.7% of respondents reported having experienced at least one form of IPV. While a marginally significant positive association between IPV and substance abuse was detected in multivariable models ( p = .095), individual forms of IPV were strongly associated with substance abuse. For example, sexual IPV victimization was associated with an increase in substance abuse in the preceding month ( p = .004). Experiences of IPV victimization were associated with higher numbers of partners for both condomless receptive and insertive anal intercourse ( p < .05). Given the relatively high prevalence of IPV victimization and its associations with substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors, these findings suggest that IPV screening and prevention programs may reduce substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors in this population.
Collapse
|
21
|
Coleman CL. Physical and Psychological Abuse among Seropositive African American MSM 50 Aged Years and Older. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:46-52. [PMID: 29333887 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1397828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about abuse experienced among African American men who have sex with men (MSM) who are 50 years and older. A series of focus groups were conducted to examine perspectives of seropositive African American MSM age 50 years and older who reported experiencing some form of psychological or physical abuse. Thirty African American MSM were divided into four focus groups and four themes emerged: "Fear Being Gay," "No One Else to Love Me," "Nowhere to Turn," and "Sexual Risk & Control." The data suggest there is a need to develop culturally tailored interventions for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lance Coleman
- a University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Department Chair & Professor, College of Nursing , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Impact of Sexual Violence Across the Lifespan on HIV Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women and Cisgender People Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:408-416. [PMID: 28653970 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine sexual violence across the lifespan among transgender and cisgender people living with HIV and its associations with recent risk behaviors. SETTING Seven community-based sites serving priority populations disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States, including major metropolitan areas in the West and East Coast, as well as the suburban Mid-Atlantic and rural Southeastern regions. METHODS From 2013 to 2016, baseline survey data were collected from participants (N = 583) of a multisite community-based HIV linkage to/retention in care study conducted at 7 sites across the United States. Adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression models with random effect for site-assessed associations of sexual violence and gender identity with risk outcomes including condomless sex, sex trade involvement, and substance use-related harms. RESULTS One-third of participants reported a history of sexual violence; transgender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6 to 10.1] and cisgender women (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.3 to 6.4) were more likely than cisgender men to experience sexual violence. Sexual violence was associated with experiencing drug-related harms (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.5). Transgender women were more likely than cisgender men to have sold sex (AOR = 9.3, 95% CI: 1.7 to 50.0). CONCLUSIONS A history of sexual violence is common among transgender and cisgender women PLWH, and it increases risk for drug-related harms. Transgender women are also more likely to report selling sex.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bowleg L, Del Río-González AM, Holt SL, Pérez C, Massie JS, Mandell JE, A Boone C. Intersectional Epistemologies of Ignorance: How Behavioral and Social Science Research Shapes What We Know, Think We Know, and Don't Know About U.S. Black Men's Sexualities. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:577-603. [PMID: 28287844 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1295300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epistemologies of ignorance describe how ignorance influences the production of knowledge. Advancing an intersectional epistemologies of ignorance approach that examines how conscious (or unconscious) ignorance about racism, heterosexism, and classism shapes empirical knowledge about Black men's sexualities, we conducted a critical review of the behavioral and social science research on U.S. Black men, ages 18 and older, for two time frames: pre-1981 and the most recent decade, 2006-2016. Our search yielded 668 articles, which we classified into five categories: sexual violence, sexual experiences and expressions, sexual identities, cultural and social-structural influences, and sexual health and sexual risk. We found that most of the research, particularly pre-1981, centered the experiences of White heterosexual men as normative and implicitly constructed Black men as hypersexual or deviant. Most of the research also color-blinded White privilege and ignored how racism, heterosexism, and classism structured Black men's inequities. We also found notable exceptions to these trends. Black men who are gay, bisexual, or who have sex with men, and research on HIV risk were prominent in the past decade, as was research that emphasized the social-structural (e.g., poverty, heterosexism, racism) and cultural (e.g., masculinity, religion) contexts of Black men's lives and sexualities. We provide 10 recommendations to avoid intersectional epistemic ignorance in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bowleg
- a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University
| | | | - Sidney L Holt
- a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University
| | - Carolin Pérez
- a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University
| | - Jenné S Massie
- a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University
| | | | - Cheriko A Boone
- a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Semple SJ, Stockman JK, Goodman-Meza D, Pitpitan EV, Strathdee SA, Chavarin CV, Rangel G, Torres K, Patterson TL. Correlates of Sexual Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Tijuana, Mexico. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1011-1023. [PMID: 27178173 PMCID: PMC5107348 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is prevalent in developing countries and is associated with increased HIV/STI risk. Despite high HIV prevalence (20 %) among MSM in Tijuana, Mexico, little attention has been paid to the occurrence of sexual violence in this high-risk group. The present study used a syndemic conditions framework to examine correlates of sexual violence victimization in a sample of 201 MSM surveyed in Tijuana, Mexico during 2012 and 2013. Participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling and underwent a 2-h baseline interview and testing for HIV and syphilis. Sexual violence was defined as any incident during the past year in which the participant had been raped, sexually molested, or sexually harassed. The majority of participants self-identified as gay or bisexual, had never married, were employed, and had a high school education or greater. The average age was 29.7 years. Thirty-nine percent reported sexual violence in the past year. A hierarchical multiple linear regression model predicting more experiences of sexual violence was tested. In a final model, a higher number of experiences of sexual violence was associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse, more adult experiences of homophobia, more depression and hostility symptoms, and not living with a spouse or steady partner. The findings from this study support a model of co-occurring psychosocial factors that increase the likelihood of sexual violence experiences among MSM. Multi-level approaches to the prevention of childhood and adult experiences of sexual violence and homophobia are needed to avert the development of adverse mental and physical health outcomes associated with sexual violence victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley J Semple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Mail Code 0680, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0680, USA
| | - Jamila K Stockman
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Goodman-Meza
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eileen V Pitpitan
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steffanie A Strathdee
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia V Chavarin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Mail Code 0680, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0680, USA
| | | | - Karla Torres
- Agencia Familiar Binacional, A.C., Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Thomas L Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Mail Code 0680, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0680, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Teitelman AM, Bellamy SL, Jemmott JB, Icard L, O'Leary A, Ali S, Ngwane Z, Makiwane M. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Sociodemographic Factors Prospectively Associated with Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among South African Heterosexual Men. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:170-178. [PMID: 27844325 PMCID: PMC6200456 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence directed at women by men continues to be a global concern. However, little is known about the factors associated with perpetrating intimate partner violence among heterosexual men. PURPOSE History of childhood sexual abuse and other sociodemographic variables were examined as potential factors associated with severe intimate partner violence perpetration toward women in a sample of heterosexual men in South Africa. METHODS Longitudinal logistic generalized estimating equations examined associations of childhood sexual abuse and sociodemographic variables at baseline with intimate partner violence perpetration at subsequent time points. RESULTS Among participants with a steady female partner, 21.81 % (190/ 871) reported perpetrating intimate partner violence in the past year at baseline. Having a history of childhood sexual abuse (p < .001), binge drinking (p = .002), being employed (p = .050), and more difficulty controlling sexual impulses in order to use a condom (p = .006) at baseline were associated with self-reported intimate partner violence perpetration in the past year at subsequent time points. CONCLUSIONS With high levels of recent severe physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence perpetration in South Africa, comprehensive interventions are urgently needed. To more fully address gender-based violence, it is important to address associated factors, including exposure to childhood sexual abuse that could impact behavior later in life and that have long-lasting and deleterious effects on men and their female partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Teitelman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Fagin Hall, 2L (rm. 223), 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4217, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania, Fagin Hall, 2L (rm. 223), 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4217, USA.
| | - Scarlett L Bellamy
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Room 555, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John B Jemmott
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Larry Icard
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ann O'Leary
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samira Ali
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gilchrist G, Canfield M, Radcliffe P, D'Oliveira AFPL. Controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 36:52-63. [PMID: 28134494 PMCID: PMC5299471 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Controlling behaviours are highly prevalent forms of non-physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The prevalence of perpetrating controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) was compared by men receiving substance use treatment in England (n = 223) and Brazil (n = 280). Factors associated with perpetrating these behaviours towards their current/most recent partner and their association with other types of IPV were explored. DESIGN AND METHODS Secondary analysis from two cross-sectional studies was performed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, infidelity, IPV perpetration and victimisation, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), attitudes towards gender relations and roles, substance use, depressive symptoms and anger expression were collected. RESULTS Sixty-four percent (143/223) and 33% (73/223) of participants in England and 65% (184/280) and 20% (57/280) in Brazil reported controlling behaviours and TFA, respectively, during their current/most recent relationship. Excluding IPV victimisation from the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviours was associated with a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England) and severe physical IPV perpetration (Brazil), and perpetrating TFA was associated with younger age. Including both IPV victimisation and perpetration in the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviour was associated with experiencing a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England), emotional IPV victimisation (England) and experiencing controlling behaviour from a partner (England). The perpetration of TFA was associated with younger age and experiencing TFA from a partner. CONCLUSIONS Technological progress provides opportunities for perpetrators to control and abuse their partners. Controlling behaviours and TFA should be addressed to reduce IPV perpetration by males in substance use treatment. [Gilchrist G, Canfield M,Radcliffe P, d'Oliveira AFPL. Controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:52-63].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martha Canfield
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Polly Radcliffe
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) rates are disproportionately high among sexual minority populations. Few studies have examined the plausible relationship between minority stress and IPV among men who have sex with men. This study examines the associations between IPV and three indicators of minority stress: internalized homophobia, sexuality-based discrimination, and racism, in a large venue-based sample of gay and bisexual men from Atlanta, USA. Each of the minority stress measures was found to be significantly associated with increased odds of self-reporting any form of receipt of IPV. Significant associations were also identified between perpetration of IPV and minority stressors, with most types of IPV perpetration linked to internalized homophobia. This study confirms findings in a growing body of research supporting the relationship between minority stress and increased prevalence of IPV among men who have sex with men, and points to the need to address structural factors in IPV prevention programs for male-male couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Stephenson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rob Stephenson, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls, Room 2236, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goldenberg T, Stephenson R, Freeland R, Finneran C, Hadley C. 'Struggling to be the alpha': sources of tension and intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships between men. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2016; 18:875-89. [PMID: 26966994 PMCID: PMC4914407 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2016.1144791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In countries such as the USA, gay and bisexual men experience high rates of intimate partner violence. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to this form of violence. In this study, we examine gay and bisexual men's perceptions of sources of tension in same-sex male relationships and how these may contribute to intimate partner violence. We conducted seven focus-group discussions with 64 gay and bisexual men in Atlanta, GA. Focus groups examined men's reactions to the short-form revised Conflicts Tactics Scale to determine if each item was considered to be intimate partner violence if it were to occur among gay and bisexual men. Analysts completed a thematic analysis, using elements of grounded theory. The sources of tension that men identified included: gender role conflict, dyadic inequalities (e.g. differences in income, age, education), differences in 'outness' about sexual identity, substance use, jealousy and external homophobic violence. Results suggest that intimate partner violence interventions for gay and bisexual men should address behavioural factors, while also focusing on structural interventions. Interventions that aim to reduce homophobic stigma and redefine male gender roles may help to address some of the tension that contributes to intimate partner violence in same-sex male relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Goldenberg
- Department of Health, Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michignm, Michigan, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- Department of Health, Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michignm, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan Freeland
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine Finneran
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig Hadley
- Department of Anthropology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bacchus LJ, Buller AM, Ferrari G, Peters TJ, Devries K, Sethi G, White J, Hester M, Feder GS. Occurrence and impact of domestic violence and abuse in gay and bisexual men: A cross sectional survey. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 28:16-27. [PMID: 26744209 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415622886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional survey measured adult experience and perpetration of negative and potentially abusive behaviours with partners and its associations with mental and sexual health problems, drug and alcohol abuse in gay and bisexual men attending a UK sexual health service. Of 532 men, 33.9% (95% CI: 29.4-37.9) experienced and 16.3% (95% CI: 13.0-19.8) reported carrying out negative behaviour. Ever being frightened of a partner (aOR 2.5; 95% CI: 2.0-3.1) and having to ask a partner's permission (aOR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.6-4.7) were associated with increased odds of being anxious. There were increased odds of cannabis use in the last 12 months amongst men who reported ever being physically hurt (aOR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7-3.6). Being frightened (aOR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.5-3.2), being physically hurt (aOR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4-3.8), being forced to have sex (aOR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.9) and experiencing negative behaviour in the last 12 months (aOR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.5) were associated with increased odds of using a Class A drugs in the last 12 months. Sexual health practitioners should be trained with regards to the risk indicators associated with domestic violence and abuse, how to ask about domestic violence and abuse and refer to support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Bacchus
- 1 Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - A M Buller
- 1 Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - G Ferrari
- 2 Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - T J Peters
- 3 School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - K Devries
- 1 Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - G Sethi
- 4 Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J White
- 4 Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Hester
- 5 Centre for Gender Violence Research, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK
| | - G S Feder
- 2 Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Klein H, Elifson KW, Sterk CE. How the Interaction of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Gender Relates to HIV Risk Practices among Urban-Dwelling African Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 30197963 DOI: 10.15744/2454-499x.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Previous research has demonstrated that HIV risk practices often differ based on gender and on whether or not people experienced sexual abuse during their formative (i.e., childhood and adolescence) years. The interaction of these two factors, which is the focus of this paper, has received limited attention. Methods Based on a model derived from Social Disorganization Theory and Syndemics Theory, interviews were conducted between 2009 and 2012 with 1,864 African American adults residing in Atlanta, Georgia in 80 strategically-chosen consensus block groups. Results Based on multiple regression and structural equation analyses, the interaction of sexual abuse and gender was found to be a significant predictor of involvement in (un)protected sex. The interaction of sexual abuse and gender also was related to condom use self-efficacy, which was one of the strongest factors underlying (un)protected sex. Conclusion The relationship of sexual abuse history and gender is relevant in the understanding of HIV risk practices. The interaction of these factors with one another and with other relevant influences that shape people's HIV risk profiles is complex. The Syndemics Theory approach used to conceptualize the relationships among relevant variables in this study is an effective way of trying to understand and address HIV risk practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Klein
- Kensington Research Institute, Kensington MD and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - K W Elifson
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - C E Sterk
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Babcock J, Armenti N, Cannon C, Lauve-Moon K, Buttell F, Ferreira R, Cantos A, Hamel J, Kelly D, Jordan C, Lehmann P, Leisring PA, Murphy C, O’Leary KD, Bannon S, Salis KL, Solano I. Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs: A Proposal for Evidence-Based Standards in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the judicial system response to violence between intimate partners, or intimate partner violence (IPV), typically mandates that adjudicated perpetrators complete a batterer intervention program (BIP). The social science data has found that these programs, on the whole, are only minimally effective in reducing rates of IPV. The authors examined the social science literature on the characteristics and efficacy of BIPs. More than 400 studies were considered, including a sweeping, recently conducted survey of BIP directors across the United States and Canada. Results of this review indicate that the limitations of BIPs are due, in large part, to the limitations of current state standards regulating these programs and, furthermore, that these standards are not grounded in the body of empirical research evidence or best practices. The authors, all of whom have considerable expertise in the area of domestic violence perpetrator treatment, conducted an exhaustive investigation of the following key intervention areas: overall effectiveness of BIPs; length of treatment/length of group sessions; number of group participants and number of facilitators; group format and curriculum; assessment protocol and instruments; victim contact; modality of treatment; differential treatment; working with female perpetrators; working with perpetrators in racial and ethnic minority groups; working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) perpetrators; perpetrator treatment and practitioner–client relationships; and required practitioner education and training. Recommendations for evidence-based national BIP standards were made based on findings from this review.
Collapse
|
32
|
Williams JK, Wilton L, Magnus M, Wang L, Wang J, Dyer TP, Koblin BA, Hucks-Ortiz C, Fields SD, Shoptaw S, Stephenson R, O'Cleirigh C, Cummings V. Relation of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence, and Depression to Risk Factors for HIV Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in 6 US Cities. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:2473-81. [PMID: 26469666 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the relation of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), intimate partner violence (IPV), and depression to HIV sexual risk behaviors among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS Participants were 1522 Black MSM recruited from 6 US cities between July 2009 and December 2011. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Participants reported sex before age 12 years with someone at least 5 years older (31.1%), unwanted sex when aged 12 to 16 years (30%), IPV (51.8%), and depression (43.8%). Experiencing CSA when aged 12 to 16 years was inversely associated with any receptive condomless anal sex with a male partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29, 0.86). Pressured or forced sex was positively associated with any receptive anal sex (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.57, 3.20). Experiencing CSA when younger than 12 years, physical abuse, emotional abuse, having been stalked, and pressured or forced sex were positively associated with having more than 3 male partners in the past 6 months. Among HIV-positive MSM (n = 337), CSA between ages 12 and 16 years was positively associated with having more than 3 male partners in the past 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Rates of CSA, IPV, and depression were high, but associations with HIV sexual risk outcomes were modest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John K Williams
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leo Wilton
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manya Magnus
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lei Wang
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jing Wang
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Typhanye Penniman Dyer
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Beryl A Koblin
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher Hucks-Ortiz
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sheldon D Fields
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steve Shoptaw
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rob Stephenson
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vanessa Cummings
- John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Sabidó M, Kerr LRFS, Mota RS, Benzaken AS, de A Pinho A, Guimaraes MDC, Dourado I, Merchan-Hamman E, Kendall C. Sexual Violence Against Men Who Have Sex with Men in Brazil: A Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1630-41. [PMID: 25666270 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We estimated the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) experience among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil and identified its associated risk factors. We recruited 3859 MSM through respondent driven sampling. A multivariable hierarchical analysis was performed using an ecological model. The prevalence of having ever experienced SV was 15.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 14.7-17.1). SV experience was independently associated with discrimination due to sexual orientation (odds ratio [OR] 3.05; 95 % CI 2.10-4.42), prior HIV testing (OR 1.81; 95 % CI 1.25-2.63), ≤14 years at first sex (OR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.28-2.71), first sex with a man (OR 1.89; 95 % CI 1.28-2.79), presenting STI symptoms (last year) (OR 1.66; 95 % CI 1.12-2.47), and having suicidal ideas (last 6 months) (OR 2.08; 95 % CI 1.30-3.35). The high levels of SV against MSM in Brazil place them at a markedly higher risk of SV than the general population. Homophobic prejudice is the strongest determinant of SV and urgently needs to be included at the forefront of the national response to SV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Sabidó
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Avenida Pedro Teixeira 25, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69040-000, Brazil,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Okafor N, Rosenberg ES, Luisi N, Sanchez T, del Rio C, Sullivan PS, Kelley CF. Disparities in herpes simplex virus type 2 infection between black and white men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 26:740-5. [PMID: 25246424 DOI: 10.1177/0956462414552814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV disproportionately affects black men who have sex with men, and herpes simplex virus type 2 is known to increase acquisition of HIV. However, data on racial disparities in herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence and risk factors are limited among men who have sex with men in the United States. InvolveMENt was a cohort study of black and white HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA. Univariate and multivariate cross-sectional associations with herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence were assessed among 455 HIV-negative men who have sex with men for demographic, behavioural and social determinant risk factors using logistic regression. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 was 23% (48/211) for black and 16% (38/244) for white men who have sex with men (p = 0.05). Education, poverty, drug/alcohol use, incarceration, circumcision, unprotected anal intercourse, and condom use were not associated with herpes simplex virus type 2. In multivariate analyses, black race for those ≤25 years, but not >25 years, and number of sexual partners were significantly associated. Young black men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by herpes simplex virus type 2, which may contribute to disparities in HIV acquisition. An extensive assessment of risk factors did not explain this disparity in herpes simplex virus type 2 infection suggesting differences in susceptibility or partner characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Netochukwu Okafor
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eli S Rosenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Luisi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Travis Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos del Rio
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick S Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen F Kelley
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Phillips G, Magnus M, Kuo I, Rawls A, Peterson J, Montanez L, West-Ojo T, Jia Y, Opoku J, Greenberg AE. Childhood sexual abuse and HIV-related risks among men who have sex with men in Washington, DC. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2014; 43:771-778. [PMID: 24573398 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been reported to be disproportionately higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than among heterosexual men; it has also been found to be significantly positively associated with HIV status and HIV risk factors, including unprotected anal intercourse. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlates of CSA in a sample of community-recruited MSM, investigate race as a potential effect modifier, and describe the independent association between CSA and HIV infection in Washington, DC. A total of 500 MSM were recruited by venue-based sampling in 2008 as part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. More than one-half of MSM identified as White, while one-third identified as Black. CSA was reported by 17.5 % of the 451 MSM, with the first instance of abuse occurring at a median age of 8.3 (interquartile range = 5.0, 11.0). In multivariable analysis, HIV-positive men were significantly more likely to report a history of CSA compared to HIV-negative men after adjusting for intimate partner violence in the last 12 months, having been arrested in the last 12 months, and depressive symptoms. HIV-positive MSM had more than four times the odds of reporting CSA after controlling for other correlates (aOR = 4.19; 95 % CI 2.26, 7.75). Despite hypothesizing that race modified the effect of CSA on HIV infection we found this was not the case in this sample. More research is needed to investigate the potential pathway between a history of CSA and HIV infection, and how this contributes to driving the HIV epidemic among MSM in Washington, DC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Phillips
- The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stephenson R, Hast M, Finneran C, Sineath CR. Intimate partner, familial and community violence among men who have sex with men in Namibia. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2014; 16:473-87. [PMID: 24735113 PMCID: PMC4492211 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2014.889753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa are known to experience high levels of violence, yet little research has focused on their perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study examines the perceived typologies and sources of multiple forms of violence, including IPV, family/community violence and discrimination from healthcare workers, among men who have sex with men in Namibia. Focus-group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with a 52 men residing in five cities across Namibia. Results indicate that violence, in varying forms, is commonplace in the lives of men who have sex with men in this community, and may be associated with HIV testing patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Stephenson
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Marisa Hast
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Catherine Finneran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Craig R. Sineath
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Klein H. Early life emotional neglect and HIV risk taking among men using the Internet to find other men for unprotected sex. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:434-44. [PMID: 24456742 PMCID: PMC6130256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a Syndemics Theory conceptual model, this study examines the relationship between emotional neglect experiences during childhood and/or adolescence and involvement in HIV risk taking in a sample of adult men who actively seek partners for unprotected sex via the Internet. METHODS The study was based on a national random sample of 332 MSM who use the Internet to seek men with whom they can engage in unprotected sex. Data collection was conducted via telephone interviews between January 2008 and May 2009. Structural equation analysis was undertaken to examine the specific nature of the relationships involved in understanding HIV risk practices. RESULTS Emotional neglect was highly prevalent among the men participating in this study. Emotional neglect experiences were not found to be related directly to involvement in HIV risk taking in adulthood. Emotional neglect, was found to be an important variable in the overall structural equation. Its effect on HIV risk taking was indirect, operating principally by having a negative impact upon self-esteem, which in turn had a negative effect on attitudes toward condom use, which in turn were related strongly and directly to risk taking. CONCLUSIONS Childhood experiences with emotional neglect are relevant to understanding HIV risk practices among MSM in adulthood, but the relationship is not as simple as usually conceptualized. Rather, emotional neglect appears to impact risk taking indirectly, through its effects on mental health functioning, which in turn affects risk-related attitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Klein
- Kensington Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Buller AM, Devries KM, Howard LM, Bacchus LJ. Associations between intimate partner violence and health among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001609. [PMID: 24594975 PMCID: PMC3942318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is a significant problem. Little is known about the association between IPV and health for MSM. We aimed to estimate the association between experience and perpetration of IPV, and various health conditions and sexual risk behaviours among MSM. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched 13 electronic databases up to 23 October 2013 to identify research studies reporting the odds of health conditions or sexual risk behaviours for MSM experiencing or perpetrating IPV. Nineteen studies with 13,797 participants were included in the review. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Exposure to IPV as a victim was associated with increased odds of substance use (OR = 1.88, 95% CI(OR) 1.59-2.22, I² = 46.9%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-78%), being HIV positive (OR = 1.46, 95% CI(OR) 1.26-1.69, I² = 0.0%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-62%), reporting depressive symptoms (OR = 1.52, 95% CI(OR) 1.24-1.86, I² = 9.9%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-91%), and engagement in unprotected anal sex (OR = 1.72, 95% CI(OR) 1.44-2.05, I² = 0.0%, 95% CI(I)² 0%-68%). Perpetration of IPV was associated with increased odds of substance use (OR = 1.99, 95% CI(OR) 1.33-2.99, I² = 73.1%). These results should be interpreted with caution because of methodological weaknesses such as the lack of validated tools to measure IPV in this population and the diversity of recall periods and key outcomes in the identified studies. CONCLUSIONS MSM who are victims of IPV are more likely to engage in substance use, suffer from depressive symptoms, be HIV positive, and engage in unprotected anal sex. MSM who perpetrate IPV are more likely to engage in substance use. Our results highlight the need for research into effective interventions to prevent IPV in MSM, as well as the importance of providing health care professionals with training in how to address issues of IPV among MSM and the need to raise awareness of local and national support services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Buller
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Devries
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M. Howard
- Section of Women's Mental Health and King's Health Partners Women's Health Academic Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loraine J. Bacchus
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Finneran C, Stephenson R. Intimate partner violence, minority stress, and sexual risk-taking among U.S. men who have sex with men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2014; 61:288-306. [PMID: 24383859 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2013.839911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among a national sample of Internet-recruited U.S. men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 1,575), and associations between reporting of IPV, minority stress, and sexual risk-taking. Five outcomes are examined: experiences of physical and sexual violence, perpetration of physical and sexual violence, and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) at last sexual encounter. MSM who reported experiencing more homophobic discrimination and internalized homophobia were more likely to report experiences of IPV. The results point to the need for prevention messages to address the external and internal stressors that influence both violence and sexual risk among MSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finneran
- a Hubert Department of Global Health , Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Koeppel MDH, Bouffard L. Sexual orientation, child abuse, and intimate partner violence victimization. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2014; 29:436-450. [PMID: 25069148 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Research has consistently found rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in nonheterosexual relationships to be comparable or higher than rates of IPV in heterosexual relationship. Less is understood about the relationship between child abuse, sexual orientation, and IPV victimization. The role of sexual orientation in the relationship between child abuse and IPV victimization is important to consider given research has found higher rates of childhood abuse among nonheterosexual individuals. In addition, the relationship between child abuse victimization and IPV victimization in adulthood has also been documented. This research extends the literature on IPV by comparing child abuse victimization as a predictor for IPV between heterosexual and nonheterosexual IPV victims. Using the National Violence Against Women Survey, this study used logistic regression models to find partial support for the hypothesis that nonheterosexuals who experience child abuse will be more likely to be IPV victims as adults than similarly situated heterosexuals.
Collapse
|
42
|
Stephenson R, Sato KN, Finneran C. Dyadic, Partner, and Social Network Influences on Intimate Partner Violence among Male-Male Couples. West J Emerg Med 2013; 14:316-23. [PMID: 23930144 PMCID: PMC3735378 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2013.2.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite a recent focus on intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM), the male-male couple is largely absent from the IPV literature. Specifically, research on dyadic factors shaping IPV in male-male couples is lacking. Methods: We took a subsample of 403 gay/bisexual men with main partners from a 2011 survey of approximately 1,000 gay and bisexual men from Atlanta. Logistic regression models of recent (<12 month) experience and perpetration of physical and sexual IPV examined dyadic factors, including racial differences, age differences, and social network characteristics of couples as key covariates shaping the reporting of IPV. Results: Findings indicate that men were more likely to report perpetration of physical violence if they were a different race to their main partner, whereas main partner age was associated with decreased reporting of physical violence. Having social networks that contained more gay friends was associated with significant reductions in the reporting of IPV, whereas having social networks comprised of sex partners or closeted gay friends was associated with increased reporting of IPV victimization and perpetration. Conclusion: The results point to several unique factors shaping the reporting of IPV within male-male couples and highlight the need for intervention efforts and prevention programs that focus on male couples, a group largely absent from both research and prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Stephenson
- Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stephenson R, Hall CD, Williams W, Sato K, Finneran C. Towards the development of an intimate partner violence screening tool for gay and bisexual men. West J Emerg Med 2013; 14:390-400. [PMID: 23997849 PMCID: PMC3756706 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.3.2013.15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research suggests that gay and bisexual men experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at rates comparable to heterosexual women. However, current screening tools used to identify persons experiencing IPV were largely created for use with heterosexual women. Given the high prevalence of IPV among gay and bisexual men in the United States, the lack of IPV screening tools that reflect the lived realities of gay and bisexual men is problematic.This paper describes the development of a short-form IPV screening tool intended to be used with gay and bisexual men. METHODS A novel definition of IPV, informed by formative Focus Group Discussions, was derived from a quantitative survey of approximately 1,100 venue-recruited gay and bisexual men. From this new definition, a draft IPV screening tool was created. After expert review (n=13) and cognitive interviews with gay and bisexual men (n=47), a screening tool of six questions was finalized.A national, online-recruited sample (n=822) was used to compare rates of IPV identified by the novel tool and current standard tools. RESULTS The six-item, short-form tool created through the six-stage research process captured a significantly higher prevalence of recent experience of IPV compared to a current and commonly used screening tool (30.7% versus 7.5%, p<0.05). The novel short-form tool described additional domains of IPV not currently found in screening tools, including monitoring behaviors, controlling behaviors, and HIV-related IPV. The screener takes less than five minutes to complete and is 6th grade reading level. CONCLUSION Gay and bisexual men experiencing IPV must first be identified before services can reach them. Given emergent literature that demonstrates the high prevalence of IPV among gay and bisexual men and the known adverse health sequela of experiencing IPV, this novel screening tool may allow for the quick identification of men experiencing IPV and the opportunity for referrals for the synergistic management of IPV. Future work should focus on implementing this tool in primary or acute care settings in order to determine its acceptability and its feasibility of use more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Stephenson
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey D. Hall
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Whitney Williams
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kimi Sato
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Catherine Finneran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics issued its last statement on homosexuality and adolescents in 2004. This technical report reflects the rapidly expanding medical and psychosocial literature about sexual minority youth. Pediatricians should be aware that some youth in their care may have concerns or questions about their sexual orientation or that of siblings, friends, parents, relatives, or others and should provide factual, current, nonjudgmental information in a confidential manner. Although most lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning(LGBTQ) youth are quite resilient and emerge from adolescence as healthy adults, the effects of homophobia and heterosexism can contribute to increased mental health issues for sexual minority youth. LGBTQ and MSM/WSW (men having sex with men and women having sex with women) adolescents, in comparison with heterosexual adolescents,have higher rates of depression and suicidal ideation, high errates of substance abuse, and more risky sexual behaviors. Obtaining a comprehensive, confidential, developmentally appropriate adolescent psychosocial history allows for the discovery of strengths and assets as well as risks. Pediatricians should have offices that are teen-friendly and welcoming to sexual minority youth. This includes having supportive, engaging office staff members who ensure that there are no barriers to care. For transgender youth, pediatricians should provide the opportunity to acknowledge and affirm their feelings of gender dysphoria and desires to transition to the opposite gender. Referral of transgender youth to a qualified mental health professional is critical to assist with the dysphoria, to educate them,and to assess their readiness for transition. With appropriate assistance and care, sexual minority youth should live healthy, productive lives while transitioning through adolescence and young adulthood.
Collapse
|
45
|
The IPV-GBM scale: a new scale to measure intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62592. [PMID: 23755098 PMCID: PMC3674004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The paper describes the creation of a new scale to measure intimate partner violence (IPV) among gay and bisexual men. METHODS Seven focus group discussions were held with gay and bisexual men, focusing on defining intimate partner violence: 30 forms of IPV were identified. A venue-recruited sample of 912 gay and bisexual men was surveyed, examining definitional understanding and recent experiences of each of the 30 forms of IPV. Participants were also asked questions from the CDC definition of intimate partner violence and the short-form of the Conflicts Tactics Scale (CTS2S). Factor analysis of responses to the definitional questions was used to create the IPV-GBM scale, and the prevalence of intimate partner violence was compared with that identified by the CDC and CTS2S measures of intimate partner violence. RESULTS A 23-item scale, with 5 unique domains, was created, with strong internal reliability (Cronbach Alpha >.90). The IPV-GBM scale mirrored both the CDC and CTS2S definitions of intimate partner violence, but contained additional domains such as controlling violence, monitoring behaviors, emotional violence, and HIV-related violence. The new scale identified a significantly higher prevalence of IPV than either of the more commonly used measures. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here provide encouraging evidence for a new, more accurate measure of intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men in the U.S.
Collapse
|
46
|
Fields EL, Bogart LM, Galvan FH, Wagner GJ, Klein DJ, Schuster MA. Association of discrimination-related trauma with sexual risk among HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:875-80. [PMID: 23488499 PMCID: PMC3625518 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether 1 form of traumatic stress, discrimination-related trauma (e.g., physical assault because of race), was associated with unprotected anal intercourse, especially when compared with non-discrimination-related trauma, among African American men who have sex with men. METHODS A convenience sample of 131 HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men receiving antiretroviral treatment completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews that covered unprotected anal intercourse, interpersonal trauma, and whether trauma was because of discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity, HIV serostatus, or sexual orientation. RESULTS Sixty percent reported at least 1 interpersonal trauma; they attributed at least 1 trauma to being gay (47%), African American (17%), or HIV positive (9%). In a multivariate regression, experiencing discrimination-related trauma was significantly associated with unprotected anal intercourse (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 5.7; P = .04), whereas experiencing non-discrimination-related trauma was not (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.6, 3.1; P = .53). CONCLUSIONS HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men experience high levels of discrimination-related trauma, a stressor associated with greater risk taking. HIV prevention interventions should consider the potential damaging effects of discrimination in the context of trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Errol L Fields
- Division of Adolescent Medicine and General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Finneran C, Stephenson R. Intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2013; 14:168-85. [PMID: 23271429 PMCID: PMC4046894 DOI: 10.1177/1524838012470034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents results from a systematic review of the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among U.S. men who have sex with men (MSM). From 576 reviewed studies, a total of 28 met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The population characteristics of each study, definitions of IPV, prevalences of different forms of IPV, and statistically tested correlates of IPV are summarized for each study. The results indicate that all forms of IPV occur among MSM at rates similar to or higher than those documented among women, although data on perpetration rates of IPV are scant, and consensus as to IPV correlates among MSM is absent. This review also finds significant limitations in the reviewed literature, notably the lack of a standardized, validated definition of IPV among MSM; use of unspecific recall periods for IPV; a lack of attention to nonphysical, nonsexual forms of IPV; and near-universal use of cross-sectional, convenience samples of urban MSM. Researchers should develop and validate an MSM-specific definition of IPV, use more rigorous epidemiological methods to measure IPV and its effects, and clarify the mental and physical health outcomes associated with both receipt and perpetration of IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finneran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Reisner SL, Falb KL, Wagenen AV, Grasso C, Bradford J. Sexual orientation disparities in substance misuse: the role of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence among patients in care at an urban community health center. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:274-89. [PMID: 23368669 PMCID: PMC3918899 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2012.755702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined disparities in lifetime substance misuse by sexual orientation among 2,653 patients engaged in care at an urban community health center in Boston, MA, as well as the potential mediating roles of childhood abuse <age 15 (CA) and intimate partner violence (IPV). Violence indicators were highly associated with substance misuse, as was identifying as a sexual minority compared to heterosexual. CA and IPV experiences partly explained disparities in substance abuse by sexual orientation with differences seen by sex. Clinicians should assess history of CA and IPV among sexual minorities presenting with a history of substance abuse disorders. The study's limitations are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sari L Reisner
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Strasser SM, Smith M, Pendrick-Denney D, Boos-Beddington S, Chen K, McCarty F. Feasibility study of social media to reduce intimate partner violence among gay men in metro atlanta, georgia. West J Emerg Med 2012; 13:298-304. [PMID: 22928060 PMCID: PMC3426372 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2012.3.11783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health issue occurring in the United
States and globally. While little is known in general about IPV, understanding about the
prevalence of physical IPV among gay men is even more obscure. There is a clear disparity
in violence research attention focused on this vulnerable segment of society. This
cross-sectional survey study was conducted to examine the feasibility of enrolling 100 gay
men from Atlanta into an IPV survey study. The survey was administered via Facebook.
Ninety-nine usable surveys were collected. Chi-square tests reveal that minority ethnic
status, illicit drug use, and non-disclosed orientation status were all significantly
associated with positive IPV reports--in terms of both victimization as well as
perpetration. Overall, the majority of the study sample indicated that they believe IPV is
a health problem in the Atlanta gay community. These findings bear importance for the
Atlanta gay community and public health professionals who must address this nearly
invisible yet increasing public health issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl M Strasser
- Georgia State University, Institute of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Finneran C, Chard A, Sineath C, Sullivan P, Stephenson R. Intimate Partner Violence and Social Pressure among Gay Men in Six Countries. West J Emerg Med 2012; 13:260-71. [PMID: 22900124 PMCID: PMC3415831 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2012.3.11779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research suggests that men who have sex with men (MSM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at significantly higher rates than heterosexual men. Few studies, however, have investigated implications of heterosexist social pressures – namely, homophobic discrimination, internalized homophobia, and heterosexism – on risk for IPV among MSM, and no previous studies have examined cross-national variations in the relationship between IPV and social pressure. This paper examines reporting of IPV and associations with social pressure among a sample of internet-recruited MSM in the United States (U.S.), Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil. Methods We recruited internet-using MSM from 6 countries through selective banner advertisements placed on Facebook. Eligibility criteria were men age over 18 reporting sex with a man in the past year. Of the 2,771 eligible respondents, 2,368 had complete data and were included in the analysis. Three outcomes were examined: reporting recent experience of physical violence, sexual violence, and recent perpetration of physical violence. The analysis focused on associations between reporting of IPV and experiences of homophobic discrimination, internalized homophobia, and heteronormativity. Results Reporting of experiencing physical IPV ranged from 5.75% in the U.S. to 11.75% in South Africa, while experiencing sexual violence was less commonly reported and ranged from 2.54% in Australia to 4.52% in the U.S. Perpetration of physical violence ranged from 2.47% in the U.S. to 5.76% in South Africa. Experiences of homophobic discrimination, internalized homophobia, and heteronormativity were found to increase odds of reporting IPV in all countries. Conclusion There has been little data on IPV among MSM, particularly MSM living in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the lack of consensus in demographic correlates of violence reporting, heterosexist social pressures were found to significantly increase odds of reporting IPV in all countries. These findings show the universality of violence reporting among MSM across countries, and highlight the unique role of heteronormativity as a risk factor for violence reporting among MSM. The results demonstrate that using internet-based surveys to reach MSM is feasible for certain areas, although modified efforts may be required to reach diverse samples of MSM.
Collapse
|