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Polanco-Roman L, Ebrahimi CT, Mafnas KSW, Hausmann-Stabile C, Meca A, Mazzula SL, Duarte CS, Lewis-Fernández R. Acculturation and suicide-related risk in ethnoracially minoritized youth in the US: a scoping review and content analysis of the empirical evidence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1121-1137. [PMID: 37270726 PMCID: PMC10366293 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among Asian-American/Pacific Islander, Hispanic/Latinx, and Black youth, the US born have higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (attempts and death-by-suicide) than first-generation migrants. Research has focused on the role of acculturation, defined as the sociocultural and psychological adaptations from navigating multiple cultural environments. METHODS Using content analysis, we conducted a scoping review on acculturation-related experiences and suicide-related risk in Asian-American/Pacific Islander, Hispanic/Latinx, and Black youth (henceforth described as "ethnoracially minoritized adolescents"), identifying 27 empirical articles in 2005-2022. RESULTS Findings were mixed: 19 articles found a positive association between acculturation and higher risk for suicide ideation and attempts, namely when assessed as acculturative stress; 3 articles a negative association; and 5 articles no association. Most of the research, however, was cross-sectional, largely focused on Hispanic/Latinx youth, relied on demographic variables or acculturation-related constructs as proxies for acculturation, used single-item assessments for suicide risk, and employed non-random sampling strategies. Although few articles discussed the role of gender, none discussed the intersections of race, sexual orientation, or other social identities on acculturation. CONCLUSION Without a more developmental approach and systematic application of an intersectional research framework that accounts for racialized experiences, the mechanisms by which acculturation may influence the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior remain unclear, resulting in a dearth of culturally responsive suicide-prevention strategies among migrant and ethnoracially minoritized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Polanco-Roman
- The New School, Department of Psychology, 80 Fifth Avenue, Room 617, New York, NY, 10011, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chantel T Ebrahimi
- The New School, Department of Psychology, 80 Fifth Avenue, Room 617, New York, NY, 10011, USA
| | - Katherine S W Mafnas
- The New School, Department of Psychology, 80 Fifth Avenue, Room 617, New York, NY, 10011, USA
| | | | - Alan Meca
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Silvia L Mazzula
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College for Criminal Justice, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Querdasi FR, Bacio GA. Suicidal behaviors among Latina adolescents: An ecodevelopmental approach and narrative review. J Adolesc 2021; 93:161-176. [PMID: 34785380 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the past several decades, Latina adolescents have consistently shown high rates of suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts), higher than Latino adolescents and adolescents of most other ethnic groups. Yet, progress toward establishing evidence-based intervention efforts to address this urgent public health issue has been slow. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize empirical findings on etiological factors associated with Latina adolescent suicidal behaviors using an ecodevelopmental, gender-specific framework that contextualizes Latina adolescent development. METHODS To be included, peer reviewed empirical manuscripts had to focus on suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicide attempts, suicide plan, and/or suicidal ideation) of adolescents (ages 11-19 or in grades 7-12) who self-identified as either Latina or Hispanic and a girl in the United States. RESULTS A total of 19 studies met review criteria and focused on microsystemic and intrapersonal predictors. Microsystemic predictors included family (i.e., family-adolescent discrepancies in acculturation, family functioning, family-daughter interactions), peer (i.e., victimization, friendships), and school (i.e., functioning, achievement) factors, while intrapersonal predictors were emotional vulnerability, psychosocial functioning, and substance use. CONCLUSIONS Family-related phenomena were the most widely studied. Research on school and peer microsystems was comparatively sparse, and several promising intrapersonal development factors have been underexplored. A notable limitation of existing studies is that samples consisted primarily of U.S.-born adolescents living in urban areas. Additional research is needed to characterize factors on other ecodevelopmental levels, identify resilience processes, and examine within-group diversity among Latina adolescents. Implications for intervention and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Querdasi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Guadalupe A Bacio
- Departments of Psychological Science and Intercollegiate Chicana/o-Latina/o Studies, Pomona College, 647 N College Way, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
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Exploring cultural risk factors for suicide in Asian American, European American, and Hispanic American adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Positive Relationships with Adults and Resilience to Suicide Attempt among New Mexico Hispanic Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910430. [PMID: 34639736 PMCID: PMC8508296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent death and has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that relationships with adults at home and in the community had on the probability of suicide attempts of Hispanic teenagers in New Mexico. Data from the 2019 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey were analyzed to identify the ways in which relationships with adults influenced suicide attempts among Hispanic adolescent students. The examined factors included: relationships with adults in the home and in the community and with same-age friends, and participation in hobbies or organizations outside of school. The resiliency factors were similar for male and female Hispanic students. As positive relationships with adults at home or in the community increased, the probability of suicide attempts decreased by 37–54%. Positive relationships with same-age friends were also associated with reduced suicide attempts. Community organization involvement and hobbies affected males and females differently. Adults at home and in the community can decrease the risk of suicide for Hispanic teenagers through supportive relationships. Hybrid programs focusing on adolescent health, positive communication, and academic support, which integrate adults from home and community environments, show promise in reducing suicidal thoughts and other risk behaviors.
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Manzo G, Piña-Watson B, Gonzalez IM, Garcia A, Meza JI. Disentangling acculturation and enculturation intergenerational gaps: Examining mother-youth value discrepancies and mental health among Mexican-descent college students. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:298-320. [PMID: 34414572 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the acculturation gap hypothesis by examining mother-youth value discrepancies (both acculturative and enculturative) and their association with mother-youth acculturative conflict and youth mental health outcomes. METHOD Participants were 273 Mexican descent college students attending a large, public, Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in West Texas (72% women). The participants' ages ranged 18-25 years (M = 19.33 years; SD = 1.54 years). RESULTS Three models assessed the relationship between mother-youth value discrepancies and mental health outcomes (suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and depressive symptoms) as mediated by mother-youth acculturative conflict. Consistently, Mexican heritage cultural values were related to mental health outcomes while American cultural values were not. CONCLUSIONS The study found that increased mother-youth discrepancies on Mexican cultural values were associated with increased negative mental health outcomes. Our findings suggest that adopting or learning new mainstream American values does not substitute for the Mexican cultural values that protect against negative outcomes.
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Green JG, Oblath R, DeYoung G, Álvarez K, Wang Y, Bird H, Canino G, Duarte CS, Alegría M. Does childhood mental health service use predict subsequent mental health service use during Latino youth transition to young adulthood? Evidence from the Boricua Youth Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1439-1448. [PMID: 32215687 PMCID: PMC7529673 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies document the substantial underutilization of mental health services by US Latinos in young adulthood. Rates of service use are higher in childhood, raising questions about whether mental health service use during childhood may facilitate access to services later in life. This article examines the extent to which utilization of mental health services in childhood is predictive of utilization in young adulthood among US Latinos. METHODS Data come from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth at two sites (South Bronx, New York, and the standard metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico). Data were collected in three waves during childhood (ages 5-13; surveyed 1 year apart), with an approximately 11-year follow-up in young adulthood (ages 16-29). In childhood, parents reported on youth mental health service use (Waves 1-3). In Wave 4, as youth transitioned to young adults (N = 2004), they reported on their past year mental health service use. RESULTS Whereas 30.2% of parents reported their child received mental health services, only 3.5% of young adults reported mental health service use in the past year. After controlling for young adult disorders and their severity, childhood disorders were associated with increased likelihood of mental health service use in young adulthood. Childhood mental health service use was also associated with young adult service use; however, this association attenuated when controlling for childhood disorders. CONCLUSION Findings suggest the importance of specifically considering childhood disorders in understanding mechanisms for improving access to mental health services among Latino young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Greif Green
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, 2 Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Rachel Oblath
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, 2 Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gerrit DeYoung
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, 2 Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kiara Álvarez
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hector Bird
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Ponce Medical School, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico Medical School, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ward JB, Vines AI, Haan MN, Fernández-Rhodes L, Miller E, Aiello AE. Spanish Language Use Across Generations and Depressive Symptoms Among US Latinos. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:61-71. [PMID: 29943348 PMCID: PMC6309758 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation markers, such as language use, have been associated with Latino depression. Language use may change between generations; however, few studies have collected intergenerational data to assess how language differences between generations impact depression. Using the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study (2013-2014), we assessed how changes in Spanish language use across two generations of Mexican-origin participants in Sacramento, California, influenced offspring depressive symptoms (N = 603). High depressive symptoms were defined as CESD-10 scores ≥ 10. We used log-binomial and linear-binomial models to calculate prevalence ratios and differences, respectively, for depressive symptoms by language use, adjusting for identified confounders and within-family clustering. Decreased Spanish use and stable-equal English/Spanish use across generations protected against depressive symptoms, compared to stable-high Spanish use. Stable-low Spanish use was not associated with fewer depressive symptoms compared to stable-high Spanish use. Exposure to multiple languages cross-generationally may improve resource access and social networks that protect against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B. Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435 USA, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 206 West Franklin St., Rm. 208 Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
| | - Anissa I. Vines
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435 USA
| | - Mary N. Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA
| | - Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435 USA, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 206 West Franklin St., Rm. 208 Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
| | - Erline Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435 USA
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435 USA, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 206 West Franklin St., Rm. 208 Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
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Hall M, Fullerton L, FitzGerald C, Green D. Suicide Risk and Resiliency Factors Among Hispanic Teens in New Mexico: Schools Can Make a Difference. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018; 88:227-236. [PMID: 29399842 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth suicide is a serious public health problem in the United States. School environments, and the attention of school adults, are promising but minimally studied avenues for promoting mental health among students. METHODS The 2013 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey data were analyzed to identify ways in which the school environment influences suicide attempts in a sample of Hispanic students. Factors examined were: relationships with school adults, speaking a language other than English at home, being born outside the United States and not having enough to eat. Odds ratios were used to measure relationships. RESULTS Factors influencing suicide attempt were similar for boys and girls. The odds of suicide attempt declined by approximately one third as measures of positive relationships with school adults increased. Post-high school education plans also were protective. Being born outside the United States and not having enough to eat increased the odds of past-year suicide attempt. Speaking a language other than English at home was a weak risk factor for suicide attempt only among Hispanic girls. CONCLUSIONS Teachers and other school adults can decrease suicide risk for Hispanic teens by forming supportive relationships with students. Special consideration should be given to providing free breakfast in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryn Hall
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Lynne Fullerton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Courtney FitzGerald
- University of New Mexico Prevention Research Center, MSC11 6145, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Dan Green
- Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, 1190 St. Francis Dr. N1320, Santa Fe, NM 87502-6110
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Gomez J, Colón GJ, Spirito A. Socio-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Behavior with a Puerto Rican Male Adolescent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:81-97. [PMID: 30906875 DOI: 10.1080/23794925.2018.1432300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, fifteen percent of Puerto Rican adolescents attempted suicide. In general, females have more suicidal thoughts while males are more likely to die by suicide. However, few evidence-based treatments have been developed for this population. Objectives The aim of this study was to illustrate the therapeutic process of a male Puerto Rican adolescent treated with the Socio-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Behavior (SCBT-SB), a culturally informed protocol, and to discuss how developmental, feminist, and family system perspectives were incorporated in the SCBT-SB treatment model. Method A case study is presented: Julio received the SCBT-SB after a psychiatric hospitalization subsequent to threating to commit suicide. Baseline and post-treatment assessments evaluated diagnosis, risk factors (e.g. hopelessness), treatment satisfaction, and suicidal behaviors. Results Julio demonstrated clinically significant change in depressive symptoms, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and aggressive/impulsive behaviors. Conclusions The SCBT-SB was feasible to implement and proved acceptable to the client and his family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judelysse Gomez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (DPHB), Brow University, Box G-BH, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Gisela Jiménez Colón
- Institute for Psychological Research, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23174, San Juan, PR 00931-3174
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (DPHB), Brow University, Box G-BH, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
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Ortin A, Miranda R, Polanco-Roman L, Shaffer D. Parent-Adolescent Acculturation Gap and Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents from an Emergency Department. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 22:529-541. [PMID: 28934077 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1372828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to examine the impact of parent-adolescent acculturation gap on vulnerability to suicidal ideation among adolescents presenting to an emergency department with suicidal behavior. A multiethnic sample of adolescents (n = 43) and their parents (n = 43) completed an acculturation measure, and adolescents reported on emotion reactivity, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The direction of the association between suicidal ideation and vulnerability variables varied depending on the size of the acculturation gap. Emotion reactivity was more negatively associated with suicidal ideation the larger the parent-adolescent acculturation gap, while hopelessness was more strongly associated with suicidal ideation the smaller the gap, adjusting for depressive symptoms. Assessments of racial/ethnic minority adolescents at risk for suicidal behavior should address parent-adolescent acculturation gaps.
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Humensky JL, Coronel B, Gil R, Mazzula S, Lewis-Fernández R. Life is Precious: A Community-Based Program to Reduce Suicidal Behavior in Latina Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:659-671. [PMID: 27700862 PMCID: PMC5626659 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1242442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Latina adolescents have high rates of suicidal behavior. Life is Precious (LIP), a community-based program in New York City, helps adolescents and families address risk factors facing Latinas. Participants are assessed for suicidal ideation, depressive and other psychiatric symptoms, and family functioning, at program entry and every 4 months during participation. Demographic characteristics and suicide attempts are also tracked. In the study period, there were no attempted or completed suicides in this high-risk population. Suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, anger, and posttraumatic stress symptoms decreased significantly during participation. The LIP model shows promise for helping to address suicidal risk factors facing Latinas. However, in the absence of a comparison group, participants' improvement may be due to their engagement in mental health treatment more generally, or to the passage of time, rather than specifically to LIP. Nevertheless, as very little is known about how to address risk factors unique to Latina adolescents, these early findings may be of interest to the community serving Latina adolescents and the lessons may be of interest to programs serving adolescents from other racial/ethnic groups. Future research should develop comparison groups and test LIP implementation in other settings.
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Sanchez D, Whittaker TA, Hamilton E, Arango S. Familial ethnic socialization, gender role attitudes, and ethnic identity development in Mexican-origin early adolescents. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 23:335-347. [PMID: 28230388 PMCID: PMC10460534 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relations between familial ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development in 438 Mexican-origin (n = 242 boys and n = 196 girls) preadolescents. In addition, machismo and marianismo gender role attitudes were examined as potential mediators in this link. METHOD Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the Familial Ethnic Socialization Scale (FES), Machismo Measure (MM), Marianismo Beliefs Scale (MBS), and the Ethnic Identity Brief Scale (EISB) were conducted to test the factor structure with a preadolescent Mexican-origin sample. Separate path analyses of analytic models were then performed on boys and girls. RESULTS Results of the CFAs for survey measures revealed that for the FES, a 1-factor version indicated acceptable fit; for the MM, the original 2-factor structure indicated acceptable model fit; for the MBS, a revised 3-factor version indicated acceptable model fit; and, for the EISB, the affirmation and resolution dimensions showed acceptable fit. Among boys, FES was significantly and positively linked to caballerismo, and EISB affirmation and resolution; furthermore, the links between FES and EISB affirmation and resolution were indirectly connected by caballerismo. In addition, traditional machismo was negatively linked to EISB affirmation, and caballerismo was positively linked to EISB affirmation and resolution. Among girls, FES was significantly and positively related to the MBS-virtuous/chaste pillar, and EISB affirmation and resolution. The MBS-subordinate to others pillar was negatively linked to EISB affirmation. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the importance of FES and positive gender role attitudes in the link to ethnic identity development among Mexican-origin preadolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Delida Sanchez
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Emma Hamilton
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Sarah Arango
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
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Valdivieso-Mora E, Peet CL, Garnier-Villarreal M, Salazar-Villanea M, Johnson DK. A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Familism and Mental Health Outcomes in Latino Population. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1632. [PMID: 27826269 PMCID: PMC5078495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Familismo or familism is a cultural value frequently seen in Hispanic cultures, in which a higher emphasis is placed on the family unit in terms of respect, support, obligation, and reference. Familism has been implicated as a protective factor against mental health problems and may foster the growth and development of children. This study aims at measuring the size of the relationship between familism and mental health outcomes of depression, suicide, substance abuse, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors. Methods: Thirty-nine studies were systematically reviewed to assess the relationship between familism and mental health outcomes. Data from the studies were comprised and organized into five categories: depression, suicide, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and substance use. The Cohen's d of each value (dependent variable in comparison to familism) was calculated. Results were weighted based on sample sizes (n) and total effect sizes were then calculated. It was hypothesized that there would be a large effect size in the relationship between familism and depression, suicide, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms and substance use in Hispanics. Results: The meta-analysis showed small effect sizes in the relationship between familism and depression, suicide and internalizing behaviors. And no significant effects for substance abuse and externalizing behaviors. Discussion: The small effects found in this study may be explained by the presence of moderator variables between familism and mental health outcomes (e.g., communication within the family). In addition, variability in the Latino samples and in the measurements used might explain the small and non-significant effects found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, Universidad CentroamericanaAntiguo Cuscatlan, El Salvador; Gerontology Center, University of KansasLawrence, KS, USA
| | - Casie L Peet
- Gerontology Center, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | | | - David K Johnson
- Gerontology Center, University of KansasLawrence, KS, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas City, MO, USA
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Lenz AS. Relational-Cultural Theory: Fostering the Growth of a Paradigm Through Empirical Research. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stephen Lenz
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Research; The University of Memphis
- Now at Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology; Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
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Mento C, Presti EL, Mucciardi M, Sinardi A, Liotta M, Settineri S. Serious Suicide Attempts: Evidence on Variables for Manage and Prevent this Phenomenon. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52:582-8. [PMID: 26399518 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-015-9933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the variables shown to be linked to serious suicide attempts. Cases requiring emergency admission to intensive care were collected from medical records of the University Hospital in Messina (Italy) for the years 2006-2010. 107 cases of serious attempted suicide were examined, 39 of which ended in the death of the patient. The results showed the following variables to be linked highly significantly (P < 0.01) and have good nominal association (V > 0.30) with a fatal suicidal attempt: the year of the attempt, deceased father, history of physical illness prior to hospitalization and method used to carry out the suicide attempt. These results confirm the severity and the multidisciplinary importance of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Mento
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Mucciardi
- Department of Economics, Business, Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, Division of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Sinardi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Settineri
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lawton KE, Gerdes AC. Acculturation and Latino adolescent mental health: integration of individual, environmental, and family influences. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 17:385-98. [PMID: 24794635 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-014-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to address the mental health disparities that exist for Latino adolescents in the United States, psychologists must understand specific factors that contribute to the high risk of mental health problems in Latino youth. Given the significant percentage of Latino youth who are immigrants or the children of immigrants, acculturation is a key factor in understanding mental health among this population. However, limitations in the conceptualization and measurement of acculturation have led to conflicting findings in the literature. Thus, the goal of the current review is to examine and critique research linking acculturation and mental health outcomes for Latino youth, as well as to integrate individual, environmental, and family influences of this relationship. An integrated theoretical model is presented and implications for clinical practice and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Lawton
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA,
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Behrens K, del Pozo MA, Großhennig A, Sieberer M, Graef-Calliess IT. How much orientation towards the host culture is healthy? Acculturation style as risk enhancement for depressive symptoms in immigrants. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2015; 61:498-505. [PMID: 25466582 DOI: 10.1177/0020764014560356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As the specific acculturative tasks and challenges involved in the migration process can lead to an increased risk for depressive symptoms, the study was designed to gain further insight into the interrelation between acculturation styles and mental health. METHODS A total of n = 90 patients with different ethnic backgrounds from an outpatient consultation service for immigrants at the Hannover Medical School were investigated by the Hannover Migration and Mental Health Interview (HMMH), the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Frankfurt Acculturation Scale (FRAKK). RESULTS The majority of the subjects (84.4%) had a clinically significant depression. The extent of depressive symptoms was determined by the selected acculturation style (1) (F = 3.29, p = .025): Subjects with integration as acculturation style showed less depressive symptoms than subjects with assimilation as acculturation style. Furthermore, subjects with segregation as acculturation style also showed less depressive symptoms than subjects with assimilation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that even when undergoing extreme emotional distress, eventually leading to mental disorder, integration, as an acculturation style, seems to serve as a protective resource and possibly prevents further decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Behrens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melina A del Pozo
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Großhennig
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Sieberer
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris T Graef-Calliess
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Center for Transcultural Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Wahrendorff Clinic, Sehnde, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Cavanaugh CE, Messing JT, Eyzerovich E, Campbell JC. Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Suicidal Behavior Among Women Seeking Help for Intimate Partner Violence. CRISIS 2015; 36:257-66. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Women abused by an intimate partner are at risk of engaging in nonfatal suicidal behavior and suicidal communication (NSBSC). No studies have examined ethnic differences in correlates of NSBSC among abused women. Aims: This secondary data analytic study examined whether correlates of NSBSC previously reported among a mixed ethnic sample of women seeking help for abuse by a male intimate partner differed for those who self-identified as Latina (N = 340), African American (N = 184), or European American (N = 67). Method: Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of NSBSC separately among Latina, African American, and European American women. Results: More severe violence by a male intimate partner, having a chronic or disabling illness, being younger, and being unemployed were positively associated with NSBSC in bivariate analyses among Latina women, but unemployment did not remain significantly associated with NSBSC in the multiple logistic regression. There were no significant correlates of NSBSC for African American women. Having a chronic illness was significantly associated with NSBSC among European American women. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need for culturally tailored suicide prevention interventions and studies that examine risk and protective factors for NSBSC among a diversity of women abused by male intimate partners
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill T. Messing
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Depressive symptoms and carotid intima-media thickness in South American Hispanics: results from the PREVENCION study. J Behav Med 2014; 38:284-93. [PMID: 25267357 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-014-9599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to: (1) examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT); and, (2) Determine the moderating effect of gender in this relationship among South American Hispanics. We studied 496 adults enrolled in the population-based PREVENCION study. Carotid IMT was measured with high-resolution ultrasonography. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mean carotid IMT was 0.66 mm. (SD = 0.17) and mean depression score was 5.6 (SD = 3.5). Depressive symptoms were not associated with carotid IMT (β = 0.04, p = 0.222) in multivariate analyses. A significant moderating effect of gender was found (β for interaction = 0.10, p = 0.030), resulting from a significant association between depressive symptoms and carotid IMT in men but not women. Depressive symptoms were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in South American Hispanic men but not women after controlling for demographic characteristics and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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20
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Piña-Watson B, Castillo LG, Rodriguez KM, Ray S. Familial factors related to suicidal ideation of Latina adolescents in the United States. Arch Suicide Res 2014; 18:213-20. [PMID: 24593057 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2013.824827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether a Latina adolescent's perception of mother connectedness, father connectedness, parental caring, autonomy granting from parents, and parental interest in their child's school life predicts suicidal ideation above and beyond known risk factors of adolescent depression and acculturation. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Wave 1, 2 secondary logistic regression data analyses were conducted on a sample of 345 Latina adolescents. Results of correlational analyses indicated that perceived mother connectedness, father connectedness, parental caring, and academic interest were positively related; depression and nativity were negatively related to reports of suicidal ideation. Additionally, in a model with adolescents who reported having both a mother and father figure present in their life, depression and academic interest were significant predictors of suicidal ideation. In a second model, which included all Latinas regardless of the presence of both parents, depression, nativity, perceived academic interest, and caring were significant predictors. Implications are discussed for suicide prevention and intervention with Latina adolescents.
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21
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Hausmann-Stabile C, Gulbas L, Zayas LH. Aspirations of Latina adolescent suicide attempters. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2013; 35:390-406. [PMID: 24013464 PMCID: PMC3762502 DOI: 10.1177/0739986313495496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parents' aspirations and expectations are communicated to their offspring. Children internalize their parents' aspirations and accept some of the expectations while rejecting others, all part of the developmental process and identity-consolidation. When the aspirations and expectations of youth and parents are incongruent, the outcomes in youths' behavior can be deleterious, such as when adolescents manifest suicidal behaviors. We examined aspirations expressed by 12 Latina adolescent suicide attempters and their parents and compared them to 12 non-suicidal Latinas and parents. Qualitative analyses revealed that incongruence of aspirations between girls and their parents were greater among suicidal teens. Suicidal and non-suicidal Latinas presented contrasting aspirations: the former on gaining independence and the latter on completing their education and pursuing careers. Findings may inform developmental research and ways in which clinicians and policymakers can help Latinas achieve their own and their parents' aspirations.
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22
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Abstract
Suicide-related outcomes are a major public health challenge in communities of color in the United States. To address these challenges, this Major Contribution makes theoretical, empirical, and practice-related contributions to scholarship on suicide-related outcomes among people of color. In this article, the authors present a new framework to conceptualize previous suicidology scholarship, address existing literature gaps, and inform counseling psychologists’ future work on suicide-related outcomes in U.S. communities of color. The framework consists of three components and nine principles that highlight the types of constructs, populations, and preventive interventions that should be emphasized in theory, research, and practice addressing suicide-related outcomes in communities of color. The authors explain why suicide-related outcomes in communities of color deserve attention, describe the framework, and discuss implications of the framework for future practice and training. It is hoped that this framework can serve as a resource and impetus for new paradigms of suicidology work in communities of color.
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23
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De Luca SM, Wyman P, Warren K. Latina adolescent suicide ideations and attempts: associations with connectedness to parents, peers, and teachers. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2012; 42:672-83. [PMID: 23062099 PMCID: PMC5035701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Associations between suicidal behavior and social-ecological variables were examined among 1,618 Latina high school students (mean age = 15) from the nationally representative Add Health sample (68% were U.S.-born). Ideations were associated with having a suicidal friend, lower perceived father support, and overall parental caring. Attempts were associated with having a suicidal friend, and lower perceived teacher and parental support. Peer and mother relationship variables were not predictors of ideations or attempts. The protective role of father and teacher support has not previously been emphasized in the literature. Strengthening connections to parents and teachers may reduce suicidal behavior in adolescent Latinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. De Luca
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter Wyman
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Keith Warren
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Nolle AP, Gulbas L, Kuhlberg JA, Zayas LH. Sacrifice for the sake of the family: expressions of familism by Latina teens in the context of suicide. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2012; 82:319-27. [PMID: 22880970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Familism is a core value promoted by many individuals of Hispanic or Latino descent that emphasizes the primacy of the family over the individual. This study illuminates some aspects of the relationship between familism and adolescent suicidal behavior. Qualitative data from 24 female Hispanic teens with and without a history of suicidal behaviors and their parents were analyzed to understand the ways in which familism is expressed in their lives. Both suicide attempters and nonattempters demonstrate familism by making material or emotional (or both) sacrifices for the sake of their families. However, for those attempters who expressed a clear intent to die, a third type of sacrifice emerged: Girls expressed a desire to kill themselves in order to make things better for their families, literally sacrificing themselves for the sake of family. Findings point to the complexity of familism in understanding the risks of suicide attempts among teen Latinas and to the value of mixed methods in studying deeply the cultural factors that influence problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson P Nolle
- Center for Latino Family Research, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Zayas LH, Hausmann-Stabile C, Kuhlberg J. Can Better Mother-Daughter Relations Reduce the Chance of a Suicide Attempt among Latinas? DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:403602. [PMID: 21822487 PMCID: PMC3148596 DOI: 10.1155/2011/403602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
National surveys and other research on adolescent Latinas show that adolescent females have higher rates of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts than other ethnic and racial minority youth. Internalizing behaviors and family conflicts are commonly associated with suicidality in research on adolescents. In the case of Latinas, we explore the connection between adolescent Hispanic cultural involvement, mother-adolescent mutuality, internalizing behaviors, and suicidality. This paper presents data from a study of 232 Latinas, some with a recent history of suicide attempts (n = 122). The results show that higher adolescent Hispanic cultural involvement was associated with greater mother-daughter mutuality and thus led to reduction in the likelihood of suicide attempts. The relationship between mother-daughter mutuality and suicide attempts among Latinas is mediated by specific internalizing behaviors (withdrawn depressive). Our findings highlight the positive effect that Latino cultural values have in the relationship between Latina adolescent and their mothers and confirm the importance that internalizing behaviors and the mother-daughter relationship have for suicide attempters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H. Zayas
- Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Carolina Hausmann-Stabile
- Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Jill Kuhlberg
- Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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26
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Peña JB, Kuhlberg JA, Zayas LH, Baumann AA, Gulbas L, Hausmann-Stabile C, Nolle AP. Familism, family environment, and suicide attempts among Latina youth. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2011; 41:330-41. [PMID: 21463357 PMCID: PMC3111001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the relationship between familism and family environment type as well as the relationship between family environment type and suicide attempts among Latina youth. Latina teen attempters (n = 109) and nonattempters (n = 107) were recruited from the New York City area. Latent class analysis revealed three family environment types: tight-knit, intermediate-knit, and loose-knit. Tight-knit families (high cohesion and low conflict) were significantly less likely to have teens who attempted suicide as compared with intermediate-knit families or loose-knit families. Moreover, familism increased the odds of being in a tight-knit family versus a loose-knit family and the odds of being in a tight-knit family versus a intermediate-knit. The results suggest that familism may protect against suicide behavior among Latinas via its influence on family environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Peña
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.
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27
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Garcia C, Pintor J, Vazquez G, Alvarez-Zumarraga E. Project Wings, a coping intervention for Latina adolescents: a pilot study. West J Nurs Res 2011; 35:434-58. [PMID: 21593284 DOI: 10.1177/0193945911407524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of Project Wings Girls' Groups, a school-based mental health promotion program designed to improve well-being in Latina adolescents, as observed in outcomes, including perceived stress, depressive symptoms, coping, and connectedness. This pilot randomized controlled trial compared outcomes over 9 months postintervention for 42 9th and 10th grade adolescents attending two urban high schools. Girls were randomized to Project Wings Girls' Groups, a 16-session facilitated curriculum, including sharing circles, mind-body exercises, and coping skills building or the attention control (i.e., similar format but focused on general health topics). Feasibility of retention and long-term follow-up data collection was demonstrated, with lessons learned for future study. Although not statistically powered, this trial demonstrated findings in the expected direction, including reduced perceived stress and depression and increased connectedness. A trial with sufficient power is warranted to examine Project Wings' effects on mental health problems among Latina adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garcia
- University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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28
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Morcillo C, Duarte CS, Shen S, Blanco C, Canino G, Bird HR. Parental familism and antisocial behaviors: development, gender, and potential mechanisms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 50:471-9. [PMID: 21515196 PMCID: PMC4391499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between parental familism (strong values of attachment to nuclear and extended family members) and youth antisocial behaviors over time. METHOD Puerto Rican children 5 to 13 years of age at baseline residing in the South Bronx in New York (n = 1,138) and in the Standard Metropolitan Area in San Juan and Caguas, Puerto Rico (n = 1,353) were followed over two waves 1 year apart from 2000 to 2004. Parental familism was assessed using an adaptation of the Sabogal Familism Scale. Level of youth past-year antisocial behaviors was measured by the Antisocial Behavior Index. The association between familism and Antisocial Behavior Index over three waves was examined through mixed models stratified by age and gender, adjusted by site (South Bronx or San Juan), propensity scores reflecting site differences in family income, maternal age and education, plus environmental and child risk factors. Specific family processes were examined as potential mediators. RESULTS Parental familism was protective against antisocial behaviors in girls (estimate = -0.11, standard error = 0.03, p < .001 for 5- to 9-year-olds; estimate = -0.15, standard error = 0.03, p < .0001 for those ≥ 10 years old). For boys, parental familism was only protective in 5- to 9-year-olds (estimate = -0.09, standard error = 0.03, p = .0008). The protective effect of parental familism on antisocial behaviors operated mostly through parent-child relationships for 5- to 9-year-old children and parental attitudes/behaviors toward youth high-risk behaviors for both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Familism may protect youth against increasing levels of antisocial behaviors (except for boys who are ≥ 10 years old). Incorporating familism as part of therapeutic approaches addressing antisocial behaviors for youth may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sa Shen
- Columbia University – New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Columbia University – New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan
| | - Hector R. Bird
- Columbia University – New York State Psychiatric Institute
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Valdivia C, Flores LY. Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of Latino/a Immigrants in the Midwest. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845310386478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the job satisfaction of 253 Latino/a newcomers in three rural communities in the Midwest. Specifically, the authors explored the effects of ethnic identity, Anglo acculturation, Latino/a acculturation, perceptions of the community (social relations, discrimination/racism, and language pressures), job tenure, work hours, and salary on participants’ job satisfaction. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that ethnic identity and Anglo acculturation had a positive effect, while perceptions of the community related to discrimination/racism had a negative effect on job satisfaction. Latino/a acculturation, perceived social relations in the community, perceived language pressures in the community, job tenure, hours worked, and wages were not significantly related to job satisfaction. The regression model accounted for 16% of the variance in job satisfaction. The implications of the findings for career counseling practice are discussed, and suggestions for future research on Latino/a immigrants’ career development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Valdivia
- Department of Applied and Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, USA
| | - Lisa Y. Flores
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, USA
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Gulbas LE, Zayas LH, Nolle AP, Hausmann-Stabile C, Kuhlberg JA, Baumann AA, Pena JB. Family Relationships and Latina Teen Suicide Attempts: Reciprocity, Asymmetry, and Detachment. FAMILIES IN SOCIETY : THE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HUMAN SERVICES 2011; 92:317-323. [PMID: 27330263 PMCID: PMC4909330 DOI: 10.1606/1044-3894.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using qualitative data collected from adolescent Latinas and their parents, this article describes ways in which family relationships are organized within low-income Latino families (n = 24) with and without a daughter who attempted suicide. Based on a family-level analysis approach, we present a framework that categorizes relationships as reciprocal, asymmetrical, or detached. Clear differences are identified: Families of non-attempters primarily cluster in reciprocal families, whereas families with an adolescent suicide attempter exhibit characteristics of asymmetrical or detached families. Our results highlight the need for detailed clinical attention to family communication patterns, especially in Latino families. Clinicians may reduce the likelihood of an attempt or repeated attempts by raising mutual, reciprocal exchanges of words and support between parents and daughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gulbas
- Dartmouth College and Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Luis H Zayas
- Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Allyson P Nolle
- South Side Day Nursery in St. Louis and Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Carolina Hausmann-Stabile
- Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jill A Kuhlberg
- Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Ana A Baumann
- Center for Mental Health Services and Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Juan B Pena
- Center for Latino Family Research, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
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Abstract
The rapidly changing demographic landscape of the United States, brought about by immigration, has resulted in an increasingly multiracial and multicultural population. These changes have become accentuated by the phenomenon of globalization, which occurs when there is an acceleration of movement of people, ideas, and products between nations, which also brings about an increase in the complexity of everyday problems. This article discusses the concept of identity formation and how the stresses of immigration and acculturation and the factors of resiliency and risk affect immigrant children, adolescents, and their families, so that clinicians treating these populations can be prepared to understand divergent, and often well-hidden, world views, which may cause intrafamilial conflicts and interfere with the child's developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio M Rothe
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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32
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Zayas L, Gulbas LE, Fedoravicius N, Cabassa LJ. Patterns of distress, precipitating events, and reflections on suicide attempts by young Latinas. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:1773-9. [PMID: 20347199 PMCID: PMC2862781 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By most epidemiological accounts, young US Latinas attempt suicide more often than other youth. Little is known, however, about the circumstance and internal experiences of the attempts. To understand this phenomenon, we conducted thematic analyses of twenty-seven qualitative interviews with teenage Latinas (aged 11-19) living in New York City who had attempted suicide. Collected between July 2005 and July 2009, the interviews explored the emotional, cognitive and physical experiences of the attempts and the social situations in which they took place. Results show that the girls were divisible nearly equally into a group with a stated intent of death and a group that did not intend death. The pathways to the suicidal event consisted of a pattern of continuous, escalating stress (primarily at home) that created the emotionally combustible conditions for the attempt. A trigger event that either reminded them of past stress or revived feelings of that stress catalyzed the attempt. Guilt and remorse were common responses to the suicide attempts, and on reflection the girls demonstrated some broader perspectives. Results of the analysis clarify the sociocultural context of the suicide attempts, underscoring the cultural discontinuity experienced by adolescent Latinas, who struggle to reconcile traditional Hispanic gender socialization with their own insertion in a modern Western society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zayas
- Washington University in St. Louis, Center for Latino Family Research, Goldfarb Hall Rm 243 - CB 1196, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States.
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Immigration and suicidality in the young. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2010; 55:274-81. [PMID: 20482953 DOI: 10.1177/070674371005500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little research has focused on the relation of immigration and suicidal behaviour in youth. Nevertheless, the impact of migration on the mental health of youth is an issue of increasing societal importance. This review aimed to present studies on the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in immigrant youth in various countries and to provide possible explanations for suicidal behaviour in immigrant youth, especially regarding acculturation. METHODS The review included a literature search to locate articles on the subject of suicidal behaviour in immigrant youth in the context of acculturation. RESULTS Studies on suicidal behaviour in culturally diverse youth are few and most of the existing research does not differentiate ethnic minorities from immigrants. Studies on epidemiology and on specific risk factors were found regarding various immigrant youth including Hispanics in the United States, Asians in North America and Europe, as well as comparative studies between different immigrant groups in specific countries. CONCLUSIONS The relation between immigration status and suicidal behaviours in youth appears to vary by ethnicity and country of settlement. Time spent in the new country as well as intergenerational communication and conflicts with parents have, in many of the studies, been related to suicidality in immigrant youth. Summing up, there is a clear and urgent need to further pursue the work in this field, to develop targeted public health interventions as well as psychosocial treatment for preventing suicide in these youth.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people in the U.S. and represents a significant public health problem worldwide. This review focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. RECENT FINDINGS The suicide rate among children and adolescents in the U.S. has increased dramatically in recent years and has been accompanied by substantial changes in the leading methods of youth suicide, especially among young girls. Much work is currently underway to elucidate the relationships between psychopathology, substance use, child abuse, bullying, internet use, and youth suicidal behavior. Recent evidence also suggests sex-specific and moderating roles of sex in influencing risk for suicide and suicidal behavior. SUMMARY Empirical research into the causal mechanisms underlying youth suicide and suicidal behavior is needed to inform early identification and prevention efforts.
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Acculturation and adolescent health: moving the field forward. J Prim Prev 2009; 30:209-14. [PMID: 19421857 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-009-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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