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Walker D, Knight D, Reysen R, Norris K. Pregnancy loss and suicidal behavior: Investigating the mediating role of depressive mood. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:605-611. [PMID: 38925303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy loss is arguably a traumatic and stressful life event that potentially impacts the emotional and behavioral health of those who experience it, especially adolescents. Research assessing this relationship has primarily focused on adult women populations. METHODS Using data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a cross-sectional research design was employed to investigate whether pregnancy loss outcomes are associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt) among adolescent girls (N = 6, 913). We also investigated the mediating effect of depressive mood. Initially, an all-encompassing pregnancy loss variable was used, which included abortions and miscarriages. Acknowledging the differences between these pregnancy loss outcomes, we created separate measures for each. RESULTS Using the all-encompassing pregnancy loss variable, findings from logistic regression analyses showed that pregnancy loss is positively and significantly associated with depressive mood and suicidal behaviors. Depressive mood mediated the relationship between pregnancy loss and suicidal behaviors. Miscarriage was positively and significantly associated with suicidal thoughts as well as attempting suicide. Depressive mood mediated the relationship between miscarriage and suicidal thoughts, while only partially mediating the relationship between miscarriage and suicide attempt. No significant effects were observed for abortion on outcomes of interest. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional analyses were performed limiting our ability to make casual inferences. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy loss is associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior, especially among adolescent girls who experience a miscarriage. Adolescent pregnancy and pregnancy loss should remain a focus of scholars and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Andre Walker
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, United States of America.
| | - Deja Knight
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Reysen
- Counselor Education Department, Sacred Heart University, United States of America
| | - Katherine Norris
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, United States of America
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Dhara S, Thakur J, Pandey N, Mozumdar A, Roy S. Prevalence of major depressive disorder and its determinants among young married women and unmarried girls: Findings from the second round of UDAYA survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306071. [PMID: 38954722 PMCID: PMC11218953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental illness affecting young women worldwide. This study aimed to identify psychosocial determinants of major depressive disorder (MDD) among young women in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. METHODS Data from "Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults" (UDAYA) study (2018-19) for young women aged 12-23 years, both married and unmarried was used for this paper. MDD was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 with a cut-off score of ≤10. The determinants of MDD were identified through multilevel binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of MDD was 13.6% (95% CL 12.2-15.2) and 5.1% (95% CL 4.2-6.1) for young married women and unmarried girls, respectively. Among the young married women, community-level variables like dowry-related humiliation (1.74, 95% CI 1.15-2.64), and sexual assaults (2.15, 95% CI 1.24-3.73) were significantly associated with MDD. For unmarried girls, reporting of family violence <10% of participants (0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.85), family violence (≥10% of participants) % (0.35 95% CI 0.19-0.68) and interpartner violence (>25% of participants) (0.42; 95% CI 0.23-0.74) remain significant predictors of MDD. At individual level, for both the groups, age, participation in decision making (on education), social capital (currently attending school/educational course and number of friends), self-efficacy, telephonic harassment, and physical activity were associated with MDD. Wealth index, job seeking, participation in decision making (on health-seeking), parental interactions and physical abuse (for unmarried girls only) and education, reported last sexual intercourse, pressure from the in-laws' to conceive (for young married women only) were associated with MDD. CONCLUSIONS For young married women, community level targeted interventions should focus on the social ecology to foster a sense of safe community environment. For unmarried girls, additionally, interventions should aim to optimize their family environment for effective mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shromona Dhara
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | - Subho Roy
- Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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Huang YF, Chui H. Bullying Victims' Perceived Social Support and Psychological Health and Prosocial Behavior: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1683-1698. [PMID: 38427144 PMCID: PMC11136783 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The literature on school bullying and perceived social support primarily relies on variable-centered approaches, investigating the independent effects of individual sources of social support. However, victims of school bullying perceive different combinations of levels of social support from multiple sources. Hence, there lacks a holistic person-centered examination of the joint effects of multiple sources of social support. The study surveyed 915 bullying victims (51.9% boys, 48.1% girls; Mage = 13.52, SD = 0.75). Latent profile analysis identified five profiles of social support across five sources (i.e., parents, teachers, classmates, close friends, and online-only friends): online-offline supported adolescents, offline supported adolescents, moderately supported adolescents, close friend supported adolescents, and unsupported. The five social support profiles were associated differently with bullying victims' demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and socioeconomic status), frequency of victimization, psychological health (i.e., subjective well-being, depression, and anxiety), and prosocial behavior. The findings support the heterogenous nature of social support perceived by bullying victims and offer insights into more tailored interventions aimed at promoting the development victims in different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Felicia Huang
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Harold Chui
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Boering A, Groenman AP, van Dam L, Overbeek G. Effectiveness, working mechanisms, and implementation of youth-initiated mentoring for juvenile delinquents: a multiple-methods study protocol. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38355837 PMCID: PMC10868063 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The societal costs associated with juvenile delinquency and reoffending are high, emphasising the need for effective prevention strategies. A promising approach is Youth-Initiated Mentoring (YIM). In YIM, professionals support youths in selecting a non-parental adult from within their social network as their mentor. However, until now, little (quasi-)experimental research has been conducted on YIM in the field of juvenile delinquency. We will examine the effectiveness, working mechanisms, and implementation of YIM as a selective prevention strategy for juvenile delinquents. METHODS This multiple-methods study consists of a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative study. In the quasi-experimental trial, we aim to include 300 juvenile offenders referred to Halt, a Dutch juvenile justice system organisation which offers youths a diversion program. In the Netherlands, all juvenile offenders between 12 and 18 years old are referred to Halt, where they must complete the Halt intervention. Youths will be non-randomly assigned to region-matched non-YIM-trained and YIM-trained Halt professionals implementing Care as Usual (CAU, i.e., the Halt intervention) or CAU plus YIM, respectively. Despite non-random allocation, this approach may yield comparable conditions regarding (1) the characteristics of professionals delivering the intervention and (2) case type and severity. Youth and caregiver(s) self-report data will be collected at pre-and post-test and a 6-month follow-up and complemented with official Halt records data. Multilevel analyses will test whether youths following CAU plus YIM show a stronger increase in resilience factors and a stronger decline in the need for formal support and delinquency than youths following CAU. In the qualitative study, we will organise focus group interviews with YIM-trained professionals to explore boosters and barriers experienced by professionals during the implementation of YIM. DISCUSSION The proposed study will help identify the effectiveness of YIM in strengthening resilience factors and possibly decreasing juvenile delinquency. In addition, it may offer insights into how and for whom YIM works. Finally, this study can help strengthen the implementation of YIM in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov (# NCT05555472). Registered 7 September 2022. https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05555472?cond=Youth+Initiated+Mentoring&draw=2&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Boering
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, Preventive Youth Care Programme Group, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Annabeth P Groenman
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, Preventive Youth Care Programme Group, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Levi van Dam
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, Preventive Youth Care Programme Group, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Dutch YIM Foundation, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
- Levvel Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geertjan Overbeek
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, Preventive Youth Care Programme Group, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Akintunde TY, Chen S, Isangha SO, Di Q. Adverse childhood experiences, emotional distress and dissatisfaction with motherhood among first-time mothers: Mediations and child differences. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e18. [PMID: 38414725 PMCID: PMC10897492 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the challenges associated with motherhood, studies have not consistently identified factors contributing to first-time mothers' dissatisfaction with motherhood in resource-limited regions. To fill this research gap, this study investigates how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) result in first-time mothers' dissatisfaction with motherhood through emotional distress in Nigeria. Results from the partial least square structural equation model suggests that ACEs are associated with dissatisfaction with motherhood ( = 0.092; p < 0.01) and emotional distress ( = 0.367; p < 0.001). There is also a significant association between emotional distress and dissatisfaction with motherhood ( = 0.728; p < 0.001). Indirect path from first-time mothers' ACEs to dissatisfaction with motherhood through emotional distress shows significance ( = 0.267; 95% CI (0.213, 0.323); p < 0.001). In addition, the indirect path from first-time mothers' ACEs to dissatisfaction with motherhood through child emotional closeness showed significant dampening effects ( = 0.044; 95% CI (0.025, 0.066); p < 0.001). No serial impact of emotional distress and child emotional closeness was found in the study. The findings based on child gender indicated that only among first-time mothers of female children are ACEs predictors of dissatisfaction with motherhood. Trauma-informed interventions should be introduced in primary care settings to screen for ACEs and emotional dysfunctions among first-time mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Yinka Akintunde
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojun Chen
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stanley Oloji Isangha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Di
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Rui JR, Du Y. The more the better? How social support predicted perceived barriers to tuberculosis treatment across groups of different socioeconomic statuses. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 115:107874. [PMID: 37393682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support can lower perceived barriers to medical treatment, but this relationship may vary in groups of different socioeconomic statuses (SES). This study examined whether different types of social support predicted different types of perceived barriers to tuberculosis (TB) treatment and whether these relationships varied across different levels of SES. METHOD A paper-pencil survey covering 12 cities in Guangdong, China (N = 1386) was conducted in December 2020, which measured demographics, three types of perceived social support (informational, instrumental, and emotional) and barriers to TB treatment (cognitive, instrumental, and psychological). RESULTS Informational support and instrumental support were negatively related to cognitive barriers and instrumental barriers. These relationships were stronger among more educated individuals and urban residents. However, emotional support predicted psychological barrier positively, and this relationship was stronger among less educated individuals and rural residents. CONCLUSION High SES groups benefit more from individual-level support. Thus, there is a gap of social support, which reveals the power nature of social support exchanges. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS TB campaigns need provide support for low SES groups to compensate for their insufficient support. Campaigns need provide information about disease management and the legal and financial support for TB patients, and change tuberculosis-related norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Raymond Rui
- Department of New Media and Communication, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou, China, 510006; Center for Public Health Risk Surveillance and Information Communication in Guangdong Province.
| | - Yuetong Du
- Department of New Media and Communication, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou, China, 510006
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Kysar-Moon A. The power of family? Family social capital and the risk of externalising behaviours among youth with multiple childhood adversities. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:810-836. [PMID: 36802071 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Externalising behaviour problems (EBP), or aggressive and delinquent behaviours, among youth pose a significant problem for their peers, parents, teachers and society. Many types of childhood adversities increase the risk of EBP, including maltreatment, physical punishment, domestic violence, family poverty and living in violent neighbourhoods. This study asks, to what extent do children who face multiple adversities during childhood suffer an increased risk of EBP and is family social capital (FSC) associated with a lower risk? Using seven waves of panel data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, I examine the accumulation of adversities associated with greater risk of EBP among youth and investigate whether FSC-family network, support and cohesion-in early childhood is associated with a reduction in EBP risk. Experiencing early and multiple adversities resulted in the worst EBP trajectories throughout childhood. Although, among youth with the highest adversities, if early family support was also high, their EBP trajectories are more favourable than their disadvantaged peers with less support. FSC may protect against EBP when multiple childhood adversities are experienced. The need for early EBP interventions and bolstering FSC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Kysar-Moon
- Sociology, Anthropology, & Criminology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA
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8
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Stepanous J, Munford L, Qualter P, Banaschewski T, Nees F, Elliott R. Social environment and brain structure in adolescent mental health: A cross-sectional structural equation modelling study using IMAGEN data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280062. [PMID: 36603003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent mental health is impacted by a myriad of factors, including the developing brain, socioeconomic conditions and changing social relationships. Studies to date have neglected investigating those factors simultaneously, despite evidence of their interacting effects and distinct profiles for males and females. The current study addressed that gap by applying structural equation modelling to IMAGEN data from adolescents aged 14 years (n = 1950). A multi-group model split by sex was tested with the variables of socioeconomic stress, family support, peer problems, and brain structure as predictors, and emotional symptoms as the main outcome. Findings indicated that, for both sexes, peer problems were positively associated with emotional symptoms, and socioeconomic stress was negatively associated with family support. Additionally, there were sex-specific findings within the full models: ventromedial prefrontal cortex grey matter volume was negatively associated with emotional symptoms for males when corrected for whole brain volume, and socioeconomic stress was negatively associated with whole brain volume for females. This study underscores the importance of the peer environment for early adolescent emotional symptoms in both boys and girls, but goes further to suggest distinct gender associations with socioeconomic factors and brain structure which provides a multi-level view of risk and resilience. Future research could exploit existing IMAGEN longitudinal data to strengthen causal claims and to determine the potential longstanding impact of social environment and brain development on adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stepanous
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Munford
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Li J, Timpe Z, Suarez N, Ashley CL, Rasberry CN, Robin L. Intervening at the Right Level to Improve Student Health: An Analysis of Levels of Influence on Sexual Behavior of High School Students. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2022; 34:300-310. [PMID: 35994577 PMCID: PMC9923753 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2022.34.4.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study adopts a socio-ecological framework and examines school- and district-level influences on sexual behaviors among high school students from 16 school districts that were federally funded to conduct a school-based, multilevel sexual health program. We drew cross-sectional data from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey from funded school districts containing 648 schools and 101,728 students. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in sexual health outcomes explained at school and district levels, overall and by race/ethnicity and biological sex. We found protective behaviors such as using hormonal birth control had considerable district-level variance (10.1%) while sexual risk behaviors such as having multiple sex partners showed considerable school-level variance (12.7%). We also found significant subgroup heterogeneity in the variance. Findings indicate school-based interventions should address all levels of influences of the educational system to effectively improve a myriad of student sexual health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Nicolas Suarez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carmen L Ashley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Catherine N Rasberry
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leah Robin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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Costa-Cordella S, Vivanco-Carlevari A, Rossi A, Arévalo-Romero C, Silva JR. Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in the Context of COVID-19 Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Attachment Styles. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604401. [PMID: 35783449 PMCID: PMC9240911 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: COVID-19 sanitary measures (social distancing, school closures) have deeply impacted social life, support networks, and their protective role in mental health. The present study aims to understand how attachment styles influence the way individuals experience social support. Particularly, investigating its moderating role in the relationship between social support and depression. Methods: An online survey was designed to clarify the role of adult attachment styles (ECR-S) in the perceived social support (MOSS) and self-reported depressive symptoms (BDI-SF) in the COVID-19 context. Results: Positive social interactions was the most important dimension of social support for lower depression symptoms. Individuals attachment strategies have a moderating role in the relation between of social support and depression. Crucially, insecure attachment style wanes the positive impact of social support in depression. Conclusion: Aligned with the existing literature, attachment security is an essential factor in our current understanding of relationships and mental health. Exploring specific and indivual attachment strategies might be a powerful tool to protect population’s mental healt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanella Costa-Cordella
- Centro de Estudios en Psicología Clínica y Psicoterapia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia y Neuropsicología Humana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Stefanella Costa-Cordella, ; Anastassia Vivanco-Carlevari,
| | - Anastassia Vivanco-Carlevari
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Stefanella Costa-Cordella, ; Anastassia Vivanco-Carlevari,
| | - Alejandra Rossi
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia y Neuropsicología Humana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Arévalo-Romero
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia y Neuropsicología Humana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Magíster en Neurociencia Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime R. Silva
- Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Schober DJ. Examining the protective effects of social capital and social support on the perpetration of violence among a national sample of adolescents. Inj Prev 2022; 28:533-538. [PMID: 35512898 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Millions of children witness violence and are victims of violence each year. Previous research suggests that this is a risk factor for perpetrating violence. There is a paucity of studies that examine factors that protect violence-exposed youth from perpetrating violence. METHODS This study used a panel design to measure the effects of exposure to violence on the perpetration of violence. It examined the protective effects of social support and school social capital on the risk of exposure to violence, using multivariate logistic regression modelling. The sample was weighted to reflect a national population. RESULTS The median age of the sample was 15. When considering risk factors only, those who 'saw someone shoot or stab another person' were at 4.77 times (95% CI 3.19 to 7.13) greater risk for perpetrating interpersonal violence. In the full model (risk and protective factors, (N=8375)), those with lower school social capital were at 2.43 (95% CI 1.15 to 5.15) to 2.91 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.29) times greater risk of perpetrating violence compared with those with the highest school social capital; adding the protective factors into the model reduced the odds of perpetrating violence from 4.77 times to 3.47 times (95% CI 1.97 to 6.11) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION On a national level, the protective effects of school social capital could translate to a substantial reduction of violence. School-wide policies and programmes that reach all adolescents in a school and promote social capital should be pursued as a strategy to prevent the perpetration of interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schober
- Master of Public Health Program, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Manlove J, Parekh J, Whitfield B, Griffith I, Garg A, Fasula AM. A Mixed-Methods Pilot Evaluation of Manhood 2.0, a Program to Reduce Unintended Pregnancy Among Young Men. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221104895. [PMID: 35723069 PMCID: PMC9344189 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One promising though understudied approach to addressing race/ethnic disparities in teen pregnancy rates is through sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programming for young men. This pilot study assessed the feasibility, quality, and preliminary efficacy of Manhood 2.0-a group-based, after-school SRH program for young Black and Latino men, which examines gender norms. This mixed-methods study describes program attendance and quality; participant experiences and engagement in the program; and changes in participant gender norms, knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and social support. Quantitative data from baseline and post-intervention surveys (n = 51) were analyzed using paired t-tests and McNemar's tests. Qualitative data from five post-intervention focus groups (n = 27) were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes. At baseline, participants were ages 15 to18 years (M = 16.4 years), 30% were Latino, 66% were Black, 34% ever had sex, and 44% of sexually active participants had sex without any contraceptive method or condom. Quality ratings by program observers were high. The majority of participants (61%) attended at least 75% of sessions, and 96% rated Manhood 2.0 as "very good" or "excellent." Pre-post comparisons showed increases in receipt of SRH information; contraception knowledge; positive attitudes about supporting partners in pregnancy prevention; self-efficacy in partner communication about sex; discussing program content with friends and family; and social competence and support. Focus group participants described benefits from the Manhood 2.0 content (i.e., full range of contraceptive methods, sexual consent, gender norms) and delivery (i.e., reflective discussion, nonjudgmental facilitators). Findings suggest that Manhood 2.0 is a promising SRH program for young men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy M Fasula
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Léniz-Maturana L, Vilaseca R, Leiva D. Maternal self-efficacy and emotional well-being in Chilean adolescent mothers: the relationship with their children's social-emotional development. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13162. [PMID: 35433128 PMCID: PMC9012175 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low maternal self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress can be triggered in adolescent mothers due to an incomplete development process that makes them physically or psychologically unprepared for the responsibilities of motherhood and parenting. These factors may be linked to difficulties with their children's social-emotional development. The present study aims to: (a) analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and stress, depression, and anxiety levels in low-income adolescent mothers; (b) examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and well-being with children's social-emotional development; and (c) describe the effects of maternal self-efficacy on children's social-emotional development, mediated by maternal well-being. Methods A sample of 79 dyads comprising low-income Chilean adolescent mothers aged from 15 to 21 years old (M = 19.1, SD = 1.66) and their children aged 10 to 24 months (M = 15.5, SD = 4.2) participated in this research. A set of psychometric scales was used to measure maternal self-efficacy (Parental Evaluation Scale, EEP), the mothers' anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), maternal stress (Parental Stress Scale, PSS), and the children's social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Socio-emotional, ASQ-SE). Bivariate analyses and mediation models were employed to estimate and test the relevant relationships. Results A bivariate analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively related to the mother's anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and maternal stress, and children's self-regulation and social-emotional development. Maternal self-efficacy, mediated by maternal anxiety, depression, and stress scores, had a significant effect on the development of children's self-regulation. Conclusions The results confirm the importance of adolescent mothers' emotional well-being and maternal self- efficacy with respect to their children's social-emotional development. This makes it necessary to have detailed information about how emotional and self-perception status influences a mother's role in the development of her children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Léniz-Maturana
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Vilaseca
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Brons ME, Bolt GS, Helbich M, Visser K, Stevens GW. Independent associations between residential neighbourhood and school characteristics and adolescent mental health in the Netherlands. Health Place 2022; 74:102765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Moe CA, Villaveces A, Rivara FP, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Self-harming behavior in relation to exposure to inter-personal violence among youth and young adults in Colombia. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2022; 29:76-85. [PMID: 34775916 PMCID: PMC9942612 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.2001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of violence exposure on the risk of self-harming behaviors of youth in low- and middle-income countries is not well-understood. Using household survey data from one nationally representative sample and one sample from conflict-affected areas, we examined violence exposure and self-harm among Colombian youth aged 13-24. Survey-weighted prevalence ratios comparing self-harming behaviors by exposure to violence were estimated with Poisson log-linear models, controlling for age, sex, education and food insecurity. Compared to unexposed youth, those exposed to violence in both home and community settings were 7.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]:2.72-23.36) times more likely in the conflict-affected sample, and 21.05 (95% CI: 8.80-50.34) times more likely in the national sample to report having attempted suicide. Among Colombian youth, exposure to violence as either witness or victim was associated with greater prevalence of self-harming behaviors. Youth suicide prevention programs can address exposures to violence as a risk factor for self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Moe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrés Villaveces
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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16
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Ugarte E, Johnson LE, Robins RW, Guyer AE, Hastings PD. The impact of social disadvantage on autonomic physiology of latinx adolescents: The role of environmental risks. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:91-124. [PMID: 35634899 PMCID: PMC9492630 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The experience of poverty embodies complex, multidimensional stressors that may adversely affect physiological and psychological domains of functioning. Compounded by racial/ethnic discrimination, the financial aspect of family poverty typically coincides with additional social and physical environmental risks such as pollution exposure, housing burden, elevated neighborhood unemployment, and lower neighborhood education levels. In this study, we investigated the associations of multidimensional social disadvantage throughout adolescence with autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning at 17 years. Two hundred and twenty nine low-income Mexican-American adolescents (48.6% female) and their parents were assessed annually between the ages of 10 and 16. Participants' census tracts were matched with corresponding annual administrative data of neighborhood housing burden, education, unemployment, drinking water quality, and fine particulate matter. We combined measures of adolescents' electrodermal response and respiratory sinuses arrhythmia at rest and during a social exclusion challenge (Cyberball) to use as ANS indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively. Controlling for family income-to-needs, youth exposed to greater cumulative water and air pollution from ages 10-16 displayed altered patterns of autonomic functioning at rest and during the social challenge. Conversely, youth living in areas with higher housing burden displayed healthy patterns of autonomic functioning. Altogether, results suggest that toxin exposure in youths' physical environments disrupts the ANS, representing a plausible mechanism by which pollutants and social disadvantage influence later physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ugarte
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California Davis
| | - Lisa E. Johnson
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California Davis
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
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17
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Caba Machado V, Mcilroy D, Padilla Adamuz FM, Murphy R, Palmer-Conn S. The associations of use of social network sites with perceived social support and loneliness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-14. [PMID: 35103040 PMCID: PMC8791808 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that use of social network sites is associated with loneliness and this may be amplified in tertiary students by their transition from home life, especially if they struggle to integrate with peers. The buffering effects of social support may offer a solution and the online dimension may offer a suitable outlet for lonely and isolated students. In this study, N = 111 university students, aged 18-40, completed a frequency assessment of Instagram and WhatsApp, the Spanish version of the UCLA loneliness scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support in an online survey. The statistical analysis was completed by Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS 25.0. The construct validity of social network sites was established by good factor loadings for WhatsApp and Instagram, but Facebook was excluded as it did not load adequately on to the latent measurement model, in keeping with the diminishing trend for Facebook use in young students. Loneliness emerged as pivotal in a mediation model, and online social support from friends/significant others, emerged as salient in the predictive model in contrast to family. However, these associations may not have the same advantageous weight for mature students given the observed negative associations with age. Results may have implications for policy and planning through highlighting the psychological variables that are operative in the dynamics of integration, retention, and adjustment to tertiary level experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Caba Machado
- Faculty of Health. School of Psycholoy, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, Merseyside, England, UK
| | - David Mcilroy
- Faculty of Health. School of Psycholoy, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, Merseyside, England, UK
| | - Francisca M. Padilla Adamuz
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rebecca Murphy
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, Merseyside, England, UK
| | - Susan Palmer-Conn
- Faculty of Health. School of Psycholoy, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, Merseyside, England, UK
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18
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Kaufman MR, Lin C, Levine D, Salcido M, Casella A, Simon J, DuBois DL. The Formation and Benefits of Natural Mentoring for African American Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211064284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explored how mentoring begins and the benefits provided for African American sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) youth. Participants were mentors and mentees living in three Mid-Atlantic cities. Mentees (ages 15–21, n = 14) identified as African American; cisgender male, transgender female, or non-binary assigned male; and had sexual interest in men. Mentor participants (ages 18+, n = 13) mentored such youth. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with mentoring relationship partners (both partners did not necessarily participate). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into Atlas.ti. Using a basic interpretive qualitative analysis, a codebook was developed through inductive and deductive techniques. Analysis focused on mentees’ and mentors’ descriptions and interpretations about how they formed a mentoring relationship and any observed benefits that arose. Themes showed mentoring relationships were formed through introductions via social circles or social media. Mentoring was described as providing a trusted confidant and support with identity formation, relationships, transitioning to adulthood, and health. Results indicate a potential for natural mentoring relationships to provide trusted adult support to SGM adolescents in ways that are experienced as authentic and beneficial to the mental health of African American SGM male youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chichun Lin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Albert Casella
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Ziebold C, Paula CS, Santos IS, Barros FC, Munhoz TN, Lund C, McDaid D, Araya R, Bauer A, Garman E, Park AL, Zimmerman A, Hessel P, Avendaño M, Evans-Lacko S, Matijasevich A. Conditional cash transfers and adolescent mental health in Brazil: Evidence from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. J Glob Health 2021; 11:04066. [PMID: 34737866 PMCID: PMC8564883 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people living in poverty are at higher risk of mental disorders, but whether interventions aimed to reduce poverty have lasting effects on mental health has not been well established. We examined whether exposure to Brazil's conditional cash transfers programme (CCT), Bolsa Família (BFP), during childhood reduces the risk of mental health problems in early adolescence. METHODS We used data from 2063 participants in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study. Propensity score matching (PSM) estimated the association between BFP participation at age 6 and externalising problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ and violent behaviour) and socio-emotional competencies (Development and Well-Being Assessment questionnaire, and the Nowick-Strickland Internal-External Scale) at age 11. RESULTS PSM results suggest that programme participation at age of six was not significantly associated with externalising problems (P = 0.433), prosocial behaviour (P = 0.654), violent behaviour (P = 0.342), social aptitudes (P = 0.281), positive attributes (P = 0.439), or locus of control (P = 0.148) at the age of 11 years. CONCLUSIONS Participation in BFP during childhood was not associated with improved or worsened mental health in early adolescence. While we cannot fully discard that findings may be due to adverse selection, results suggest that CCTs alone may not be sufficient to improve mental health outcomes and would be prudent to assess whether mental health interventions as an addition to CCTs may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ziebold
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Munhoz
- Faculty of Psychology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Crick Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
| | - Annette Bauer
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Emily Garman
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A-La Park
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Annie Zimmerman
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Philipp Hessel
- Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Avendaño
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Campbell S, Osborn TL. Adolescent psychopathology and psychological wellbeing: a network analysis approach. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 34217254 PMCID: PMC8254923 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which psychological wellbeing may play a preventive and therapeutic role in the development and maintenance of adolescent emotional disorders depends, in part, on the nature of the overlap between these two constructs. We estimated network analysis to examine the relationship between adolescent psychopathology (measured by depression and anxiety symptoms) and psychological wellbeing (measured by happiness, optimism, social support, perceived control, and gratitude). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with a large community sample of Kenyan adolescents (N = 2192, aged 13-18). Network analyses were conducted to examine the topology, stability, centrality, and bridge nodes of a network of psychopathology and psychological wellbeing measures. RESULTS Two distinct community clusters emerged, one for psychopathology nodes and another for wellbeing nodes, suggesting that these are two distinct but connected concepts. Central and bridge nodes of the wellbeing and psychopathology network were identified. The most central nodes in the network were family provides emotional help and support and self-blame; the strongest negative edges between psychopathology and psychological wellbeing were depressed mood-I love life and irritability-I am a joyful person; the main bridge nodes were family helps me and I can talk to family about problems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand understanding of the relationship between psychopathology and wellbeing in an understudied population and are suggestive of how psychological wellbeing can inform psychopathological treatment and preventive efforts in low-income regions such as those in Sub Saharan Africa.
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Rose T, Hope MO, Powell TW, Chan V. A very present help: The role of religious support for Black adolescent girls' mental well-being. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1267-1281. [PMID: 33997987 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored religious emotional support as a mediator of the association between organized religious involvement (ORI) and mental well-being among African American and Caribbean Black girls. Data are drawn from a nationally representative survey of Black adolescents. The sample was composed of African American (n = 412) and Caribbean Black (n = 165) girls, aged 13-17. Structural equation modeling tested direct and indirect effects of ORI on mental well-being, through religious emotional support. For African American girls, ORI was not directly related to any of the mental well-being outcomes. Religious emotional support mediated the association between ORI and self-esteem, mastery, and life satisfaction. For Caribbean Black girls, ORI was negatively associated with mastery and life satisfaction. Religious emotional support mediated the association between ORI and life satisfaction. Results suggest that the well-being benefits of ORI for Black girls only remain significant in the presence of religious emotional support and are different for ethnic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theda Rose
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith O Hope
- National Center for Institutional Diversity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Terrinieka W Powell
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Chan
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Dupuis JB, Bourque J, El Adlouni SE. Odds of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in School-Aged Children From Official Language Minority Communities. Front Public Health 2021; 9:660041. [PMID: 34249835 PMCID: PMC8261057 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.660041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this paper is to assess the odds of suffering from anxiety or depression symptoms based on the presence of certain determinants of health for youth living in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, and in two linguistically different Official Language Minority Communities (OLMCs) in the same province. Methods: With a sample of 22,329 students from grades 7 to 12 in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, logistic regressions were performed to assess each determinant of health's effect on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Some social determinants, like family support, social support and food insecurity, were identified as important determinants of mental health status regardless of linguistic group membership or community membership, while other determinants, such as alcohol use, cannabis use and natural environment, were more prominent in one OLMC than the other. Discussion: Social psychology and public health theories are used in an attempt to explain the results. Limitations and recommendations are also brought forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie B Dupuis
- Faculté des Sciences de l'éducation, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Jimmy Bourque
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salah-Eddine El Adlouni
- Faculté des Sciences, Département de mathématiques et de Statistique, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
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Childhood socio-economic position and affective symptoms in adulthood: The role of neglect. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:267-274. [PMID: 33752041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood neglect is more common within low-income families and can have long-term effects on mental health. Despite this, the extent to which it can mediate the well documented longitudinal inverse relationship between childhood socio-economic position (SEP) and adult affective symptoms is yet to be investigated. METHOD Data (9595 males and 8959 females) from participants of the National Child Development Study (NCDS) were used to investigate the extent to which prospectively measured neglect mediates the relationship between SEP (age 11) and affective symptoms (ages 23 and 50). RESULTS Neglect partially mediated the relationship between childhood SEP and affective symptoms at ages 23 (b = -0.02, [-0.02, -0.02]) and 50 (b = -0.02, [-0.02, -0.01]), after controlling for other family-related adversities. In addition, gender moderated the direct effect of SEP on affective symptoms at both ages 23 (b = -0.06, t = -4.87, [-0.08, -0.03]) and 50 (b = -0.05, t = -3.86, [-0.07, -0.02]), with the relationship being stronger for females; but did not moderate the indirect effect of neglect at either age 23 (b = 0.01, t = 1.09 [-0.01, 0.02]) or 50 (b = 0.00, t = -0.60 [-0.02, 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Neglect in childhood should be viewed as having serious implications for the mental health of both men and women. Greater investments into social support interventions that reduce incidences of neglect are also warranted.
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Aminianfar A, Siassi F, Qorbani M, Karimi J, Sotoudeh G, Kalikias Y, Soltani S. Relationship between dietary diversity score and general health in female students. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021; 73:50-58. [PMID: 33759480 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.16.04419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period with respect to mental and psychological issues. The role of nutrients is well known in health condition in adolescents, but little emphasis is placed on total diet quality. Dietary diversity score (DDS) is often used to assess diet quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between DDS and general health in girl students. METHODS The present research is a cross-sectional study which used descriptive-analytical approach. A total of 384 high-school female students selected using proportional stratified sampling. Physical activity level, diet and general health information collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Dietary Diversity Questionnaire (FAO-2013) and 28-item self-reported general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), respectively. In addition, weight, height and waist circumference (WC) measured. Data analyzed using Chi-Square test, one-way ANOVA and Multinomial Logistic Regression. RESULTS Mean DDS was 4.43±1.09. After adjustment for confounders of age, body mass index, physical activity, socioeconomic status and nutritional supplement intake, students with higher DDS were less prone to general health disorders (P≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS These finding implicate higher DDS in adolescents may associate with better general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminianfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical University of Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Psychology, School of Literature and Humanities, University of Malayer, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran -
| | - Yas Kalikias
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soltani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Walker D. Vicarious Victimization, Negative Emotions, and Maladaptive Coping: Investigating the Role of Violent Peers. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2021; 36:45-65. [PMID: 33328341 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
According to general strain theory's (GST) vicarious strain hypothesis, individuals' behavior is influenced by witnessing or having knowledge of others' stressful experiences, especially those within their network. Drawing on Agnew's GST, the current study examines the relationship between peer victimization and violent offending, as well as the potential intervening factors in this relationship. The primary research questions are: (a) does vicarious strain occur through having friends who are victimized? And (b) what role does violent peers play in the coping process? Data for the analysis were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health's friendship network data. Results from multivariate analysis show that victimization of ones' friend (or peer victimization) is associated with depression as well as personal involvement in violent offending. This relationship, however, is fully mediated by depression. Regarding deviant peers, a three-way interaction effect was observed, specifically peer victimization, involvement with peers, and associating violent peers was a significant predictor of violent offending. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of considering the role of deviant peers in the coping process. Results lend support to Agnew's GST. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Andre Walker
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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26
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Peverill M, Dirks MA, Narvaja T, Herts KL, Comer JS, McLaughlin KA. Socioeconomic status and child psychopathology in the United States: A meta-analysis of population-based studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 83:101933. [PMID: 33278703 PMCID: PMC7855901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Children raised in families with low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to exhibit symptoms of psychopathology. However, the strength of this association, the specific indices of SES most strongly associated with childhood psychopathology, and factors moderating the association are strikingly inconsistent across studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of 120 estimates of the association between family SES and child psychopathology in 13 population-representative cohorts of children studied in the US since 1980. Among 26,715 participants aged 3-19 years, we observed small to moderate associations of low family income (g = 0.19), low Hollingshead index (g = 0.21), low subjective SES (g = 0.24), low parental education (g = 0.25), poverty status (g = 0.25), and receipt of public assistance (g = 0.32) with higher levels of childhood psychopathology. Moderator testing revealed that receipt of public assistance showed an especially strong association with psychopathology and that SES was more strongly related to externalizing than internalizing psychopathology. Dispersion in our final, random effects, model suggested that the relation between SES and child psychopathology is likely to vary in different populations of children and in different communities. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the mechanisms of SES-related psychopathology risk in children in order to identify targets for potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Peverill
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Melanie A Dirks
- McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tomás Narvaja
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kate L Herts
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, White Plains, NY, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Katie A McLaughlin
- Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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Liu Q, Jiang M, Li S, Yang Y. Social support, resilience, and self-esteem protect against common mental health problems in early adolescence: A nonrecursive analysis from a two-year longitudinal study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24334. [PMID: 33530225 PMCID: PMC7850671 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the mutual effects of self-esteem and common mental health problems (CMHPs) as well as the mutual effects of self-esteem and resilience in early adolescence. The recruited participants were 1015 adolescents aged 12.7 years (SD = 0.5 years) from two junior high schools. Data were repeatedly collected at five time points at 6-month intervals over 2-year years. The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Block and Kremen's Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), and Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students (MMHI-60) were used to measure social support, resilience, self-esteem, and CMHPs, respectively. Nonrecursive structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze the data.There were bivariate partial correlations among the five-time measurements for the SSRS, ER89, RSES, and MMHI-60 scores. Self-esteem negatively predicted CMHPs with a standardized direct effect of -0.276 (95% CI: -0.425 to -0.097), and the opposite effect was -0.227 (95% CI: -0.383 to -0.072). Self-esteem positively predicted resilience with the standardized direct effect of 0.279 (95% CI: 0.093-0.425), and the opposite effect was 0.221 (95% CI: 0.063-0.376). Social support was a protective factor for mental health status.The findings of mutual effects of self-esteem and CMHPs as well as self-esteem and resilience can provide researchers and practitioners with a conceptual framework that can help them build effective intervention methods to promote adolescent mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolan Liu
- Department of Health-related Social and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Health-related Social and Behavioral Sciences
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Lai S, Zhou Y, Yuan Y. Associations between Community Cohesion and Subjective Wellbeing of the Elderly in Guangzhou, China-A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Structural Equation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030953. [PMID: 33499175 PMCID: PMC7908095 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Population aging has become one of the most prominent population trends in China and worldwide. Given the retirement and physical limitation of the elderly, the neighborhood has gradually become the center of their daily lives and communication. Community cohesion plays an essential role in improving the elderly’s subjective wellbeing. However, most present studies on the concept and relationship between different dimensions of community cohesion are mainly in western countries. Meanwhile, most of the studies on the relationship between community cohesion and subjective wellbeing only focused on one aspect of community cohesion such as community interaction. To address this research gap, this study sampled 20 communities in Guangzhou, conducted a questionnaire survey on 969 elderly people, and explored the relationship between four aspects of community cohesion (community interaction, environmental satisfaction, belonging, and participation) and their associations with subjective wellbeing using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). In addition, we performed multi-group analysis to study the association differences among older individuals in communities with different socioeconomic types. We found that: (1) The conceptual relationship between different aspects of community cohesion among older adults is significant; (2) Community environmental satisfaction, interaction, and belonging associate with the elderly’s subjective wellbeing, whereas there is no significant association between community participation and subjective wellbeing; (3) Mental health is an important mediating factor connecting community cohesion and subjective wellbeing, whereas physical health is not. (4) The association pattern of older adults in communities with different socio-economic status are identical, whereas the association strengths are different. In high Socio-Economic Status Index (SESI) communities (communities where older adults with relatively high socioeconomic attributes gather, such as high income and education level), community belonging and participation are significantly associated with community environmental satisfaction and interaction, respectively. In low SESI communities (communities in which older adults with relatively low socioeconomic attributes gather, such as low income and education level), community interaction, belonging, and participation considerably link to community environmental satisfaction, interaction, and belonging, respectively. Regarding the association between community cohesion and subjective wellbeing, community interaction has stronger linkage with the elderly’s subjective wellbeing of in high-SESI aging community than low-SESI aging community. While community environmental satisfaction has stronger association with the elderly’s subjective wellbeing of the elderly in low-SESI aging community than high-SESI aging community. Therefore, it is sensible for community planning to focus on community environment improvement and vibrant community activities organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Lai
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Department of City and Regional Planning, College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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Ye B, Ma T, Chen C, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Exploring the profiles of aggressive behavior among college students: A person-centered approach. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doggett A, Gohari MR, Godin KM, Ferro MA, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST. Cannabis Use, Screen Time, and Internalizing Symptoms among Canadian Youth: Testing Mediation Pathways. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1232-1240. [PMID: 33975522 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1922455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Existing research suggests positive correlations between screen time sedentary behaviors (STSB) and substance use, including cannabis use, among youth. However, little research has examined what factors mediate these relationships.Methods: This study examined mediating pathways among STSB, internalizing symptoms (IS), and cannabis use in a linked longitudinal sample of 28 269 Canadian youth who participated in the COMPASS study over a two-year period (2017/18 to 2018/19). Structural equation modeling examined two main hypotheses cross-sectionally and over time: 1) if IS mediated associations between STSB and cannabis use frequency, and 2) if STSB mediated associations between IS and cannabis use frequency. Results: Results demonstrated significant partial mediation effects for both hypotheses. For example, indirect effects indicated that IS mediated the association between STSB and cannabis use both cross sectionally (95% CI: 0.021, 0.029) and longitudinally (95% CI: 0.006, 0.010). STSB also mediated associations between IS and cannabis use cross sectionally (95% CI: 0.015, 0.023) and longitudinally (95% CI: 0.010, 0.014). This study demonstrated that the associations between STSB, internalizing symptoms and cannabis use are complex, involving mediation in both directions.Discussion: These findings can be used to inform public health initiatives that aim to take a comprehensive approach to addressing negative health behaviors and outcomes, as it is clear that the multi-directional relationships between STSB and mental health may in-turn impact other health behaviors. Future research should continue to examine mediating factors between STSB and substance use among youth, including exploration of associations with other substances.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1922455 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Doggett
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Amu H, Seidu AA, Agbemavi W, Afriyie BO, Ahinkorah BO, Ameyaw EK, Kissah-Korsah K. Psychosocial distress among in-school adolescents in Mozambique: a cross-sectional study using the Global School-Based Health Survey data. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32999685 PMCID: PMC7520017 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor mental health remains the leading cause of disability, with considerable negative impacts in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we examined the prevalence and correlates of psychosocial distress among in-school adolescents in Mozambique. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 1918 in-school adolescents, using data from the 2015 Mozambique Global School-Based Health Survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted in analysing the data. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of psychosocial distress was 21.2% (24.1% females and 18.5% males). Older adolescents [AOR = 1.681, 95% CI = 1.233-2.292] had higher odds of experiencing psychosocial distress, compared with younger adolescents. In terms of sex, males [AOR = 0.755, 95% CI 0.601-0.950] had lower odds of experiencing psychosocial distress, compared with females. Adolescents who were bullied [AOR = 1.451, 95% CI 1.150-1.831], physically attacked [AOR = 1.802, 95% CI 1.404-2.313], and engaged in a physical fight [AOR = 1.376, 95% CI 1.070-1.769] were respectively more likely to experience psychosocial distress than those who did not. Conversely, adolescents who had close friends [AOR = 0.503, 95% CI 0.372-0.681] had lower odds of being psychosocially distressed than those who did not have close friends. CONCLUSION The prevalence of psychosocial distress among in-school adolescents in Mozambique is relatively high. The country may not be able to meet the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of promoting mental health and wellbeing of all by the year 2030 if current rates of psychosocial distress persist among in-school adolescents. Mental health education and counselling as well as social support from friends should be intensified to reduce mental health problems and enable adolescents to effectively deal with the psychosocial challenges encountered in their transition from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
| | - Wonder Agbemavi
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kwaku Kissah-Korsah
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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The shadow of context: Neighborhood and school socioeconomic disadvantage, perceived social integration, and the mental and behavioral health of adolescents. Health Place 2020; 66:102425. [PMID: 32911129 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of youths who experience mental distress has been increasing over the past years. Adolescents with mental health problems also show high rates of co-occurring substance-related behaviors such as illicit drug use. This study leverages large-scale and nationally representative Add Health data to evaluate whether the risks conferred by neighborhood and school socioeconomic disadvantages adversely impact adolescents' mental and behavioral health (i.e., depressive symptoms and illicit drug use). We further investigate whether levels of perceived social support from friends, parents, and teachers moderate the associations between contextual disadvantages and adolescents' mental and behavioral outcomes. Results from cross-classified multilevel modeling analysis suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantages, and to a lesser degree, school socioeconomic disadvantages, uniquely and simultaneously predict mental and behavioral outcomes of adolescents. Although social support is likely to offset the mental and behavioral consequences of disadvantaged social context to all, high levels of social support is most protective for adolescents of least disadvantaged neighborhoods. This study highlights the possibility that structural disadvantage- within both the school and neighborhood contexts-may adversely impact adolescents' mental well-being and increase their risk for illicit drug use.
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33
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You M, Ju Y. Modeling embitterment dynamics: The influence of negative life events and social support mediated by belief in a just world. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:269-275. [PMID: 32469815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embitterment is an emotional state as a reaction to negative life events and is characterized as a nagging and burning feeling of being let down, insulted, or being a loser, and of being revengeful but helpless. There have been few studies concerning embitterment dynamics. This study aims to test a structural equation model for embitterment dynamics by examining likely factors that could have contributed to feelings of embitterment. METHODS A total of 2024 South Koreans completed Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale and Bern Embitterment Inventory, as well as the scales of belief in a just world (BJW), negative life events, and social support. RESULTS Experiencing more negative life events was connected to a higher level of embitterment, whereas having more social supports decreased embitterment. As an indirect effect, BJW showed the most powerful influence on embitterment and BJW itself was reduced or increased either by negative life events or social support, respectively. LIMITATIONS Although some significant influences on embitterment were examined, other aspects that include individual characteristics (self-efficacy, trust, political orientation, and media use) await examination. CONCLUSIONS The level of embitterment was affected by BJW, social support, and negative life events, which suggests points of possible intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsoon You
- Department of Health Science in the Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkee Ju
- Media School, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Burt SA, Clark DA, Pearson AL, Klump KL, Neiderhiser JM. Do neighborhood social processes moderate the etiology of youth conduct problems? Psychol Med 2020; 50:1519-1529. [PMID: 31258102 PMCID: PMC7370405 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work has robustly suggested that social processes in the neighborhood (i.e. informal social control, social cohesion, norms) influence child conduct problems (CP) and related outcomes, but has yet to consider how these community-level influences interact with individual-level genetic risk for CP. The current study sought to do just this, evaluating neighborhood-level social processes as etiologic moderators of child CP for the first time. METHODS We made use of two nested samples of child and adolescent twins within the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR): 5649 families who participated in in the Michigan Twins Project (MTP) and 1013 families who participated in the Twin Study of Behavioral and Emotional Development (TBED-C). The neighborhood social processes of informal social control, social cohesion, and norms were assessed using neighborhood sampling techniques, in which residents of each twin family's neighborhood reported on the social processes in their neighborhood. Standard biometric GxE analyses evaluated the extent to which they moderated the etiology of CP. RESULTS The 'no moderation' model provided the best fit to the data in nearly all cases, arguing against neighborhood social processes as etiologic moderators of youth CP. CONCLUSIONS The neighborhood social processes evaluated here do not appear to exert their effects on child CP via etiologic moderation. The documented links between neighborhood social processes and child CP are thus likely to reflect a different etiologic process. Possibilities include environmental main effects of neighborhood social processes on child CP, or genotype-environment correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lasing, MI, USA
| | | | - Amber L Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lasing, MI, USA
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Yıldız M. Stressful life events and adolescent suicidality: An investigation of the mediating mechanisms. J Adolesc 2020; 82:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Maenhout L, Peuters C, Cardon G, Compernolle S, Crombez G, DeSmet A. The association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with mental health indicators among adolescents of different family affluence in Belgium. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:958. [PMID: 32552853 PMCID: PMC7301480 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy lifestyles may contribute to better mental health, which is particularly important in adolescence, an age at which half of all mental health problems first occur. This association may be even more relevant in adolescents of low family affluence, who show more mental health problems, as well as more unhealthy lifestyles. This study investigated healthy lifestyle behaviors, namely sufficient sleep and physical activity, daily breakfast intake, low levels of alcohol use or smoking, in relation to mental health and symptoms of mental health problems (feelings of depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem) among adolescents from different family affluence. Furthermore, the moderating role of family affluence was examined in those relations. METHODS Adolescents aged 12-18y were recruited via a random sample of schools in Flanders, Belgium. A total of 1037 adolescents participated (mean age = 15.2, 49.8% female). Independent samples t-tests, Mann Whitney U-tests and χ2-tests determined the differences in healthy lifestyle behaviors and mental health indicators between adolescents of low-medium and high family affluence. Regression analyses assessed the association between healthy lifestyles and mental health outcomes and the moderating role of family affluence. RESULTS All healthy lifestyle behaviors were associated with at least one mental health outcome, with the exception of alcohol consumption. Adolescents from low-medium family affluence had lower levels of physical activity, less often took breakfast, had lower levels of alcohol consumption and reported lower self-esteem than adolescents from high family affluence. The results showed no moderating effect of family affluence for the association between healthy lifestyle and mental health. CONCLUSION These findings support the value of integrating healthy lifestyle behaviors in interventions for mental health promotion, for both youth of low-medium and high family affluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maenhout
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C Peuters
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A DeSmet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Communication Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Sajjadi H, Harouni GG, Rafiey H, Vaez-Mahdavi M, Vameghi M, Mohaqeqi Kamal SH. Contextual and Individual Determinants of Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Multilevel Study in Tehran, Iran. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:189-197. [PMID: 32498144 PMCID: PMC7280811 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim was to answer the following questions: (1) Can mental health variance be partitioned to individual and higher levels (e.g., neighborhood and district); (2) How much (as a percentage) do individual-level determinants explain the variability of mental health at the individual-level; and (3) How much do determinants at the neighborhood- or district-level explain the variability of mental health at the neighborhood- or district-level? Methods We used raw data from the second round of the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool in Tehran (in 2012-2013, n=34 700 samples nested in 368 neighborhoods nested in 22 districts) and the results of the official report of Tehran’s Center of Studies and Planning (in 2012-2013, n=22 districts). Multilevel linear regression models were used to answer the study questions. Results Approximately 40% of Tehran residents provided responses suggestive of having mental health disorders (30-52%). According to estimates of residual variance, 7% of mental health variance was determined to be at the neighborhood-level and 93% at the individual-level. Approximately 21% of mental health variance at the individual-level and 49% of the remaining mental health variance at the neighborhood-level were determined by determinants at the individual-level and neighborhood-level, respectively. Conclusions If we want to make the most effective decisions about the determinants of mental health, in addition to considering the therapeutic perspective, we should have a systemic or contextual view of the determinants of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homeira Sajjadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Rafiey
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Meroe Vameghi
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lundkvist E, Wagnsson S, Davis L, Ivarsson A. Integration of immigrant youth in Sweden: does sport participation really have an impact? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2020.1775099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lundkvist
- Performance and Training Unit, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm Centre for the Rights of the Child, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Wagnsson
- Department of Educational Studies, Karlstad University , Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Louise Davis
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University , Halmstad, Sweden
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Jablonska B, Kosidou K, Ponce de Leon A, Wettermark B, Magnusson C, Dal H, Dalman C. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Utilization of ADHD Medication in Schoolchildren: A Population Multilevel Study in Stockholm County. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:265-276. [PMID: 27095559 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716643257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnic composition on the utilization of ADHD medication in schoolchildren after accounting for individual- and family-level characteristics. Method: A cohort of all schoolchildren living in Stockholm County was prospectively followed for new prescriptions of ADHD medication (N = 276,955). Three-level logistic regression models were used with individual/family characteristics (e.g., immigrant background) at the first level and small area market statistics (SAMS) and municipality characteristics (i.e., socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnic composition) at the second and third level. Results: SAMS socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased utilization of ADHD medication. The utilization of ADHD medication was lower among immigrant children as compared with natives, and their odds of not utilizing medication increased as the degree of concentration of foreign-born increased. Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions at the neighborhood level may offer an additional route for the prevention of the disorder and/or alleviation of its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jablonska
- Stockholm County Council, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Stockholm County Council, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Stockholm County Council, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Dal
- Stockholm County Council, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Dalman
- Stockholm County Council, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dawson CT, Wu W, Fennie KP, Ibañez G, Cano MÁ, Pettit JW, Jo Trepka M. Parental-perceived neighborhood characteristics and adolescent depressive symptoms: A multilevel moderation analysis. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1568-1590. [PMID: 31209901 PMCID: PMC6699891 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study examines the moderating role of parental neighborhood perceptions on the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. METHODS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) consisting of 12,105 adolescents and their parents were used. RESULTS Mixed effects multilevel modeling revealed that parental-perceived neighborhood disorder was associated with higher levels of adolescent depressive symptoms (β = .27, p ≤ .001). The interaction between neighborhood concentrated poverty and parental-perceived neighborhood disorder was also significant (β = -.14, p ≤ .01). Low and high levels of parental-perceived neighborhood disorder were associated with lower (β = -.41, p < .05) and higher (β = .46, p ≤ .01) levels of adolescent depressive symptoms, respectively, with increasing concentrated poverty. Parental-perceived collective efficacy was not associated with adolescent depressive symptoms nor was it a moderator. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the neighborhood's social environment may mitigate adolescent depressive symptoms. Implications for structural interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyl T. Dawson
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Wensong Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of
Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, DM 430, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kristopher P. Fennie
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Gladys Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Miguel Á. Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Pettit
- Department of Psychology, School of Integrated Science and
Humanity, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL
33199, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of
Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th
Street, AHC-5, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Dawson CT, Wu W, Fennie KP, Ibañez G, Cano MÁ, Pettit JW, Trepka MJ. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion moderates the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. Health Place 2019; 56:88-98. [PMID: 30711776 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of research exploring the moderating role of the social environment on neighborhood structural disadvantage and depressive symptoms, particularly among adolescents. Therefore, we examined if adolescent perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion and safety moderated the association between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The study sample consisted of 12,105 adolescents enrolled in 9th-12th grades during the 1994-1995 school year across the United States (U.S.). Mixed effects multilevel modeling was used to determine if adolescent perceptions of neighborhoods moderated the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms. Results showed that perceived neighborhood social cohesion moderated the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.001). At higher levels of perceived neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood structural disadvantage was associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that improving perceived neighborhood social cohesion may decrease adolescent depressive symptoms, particularly in neighborhoods with high disadvantage. This aspect of the neighborhood social environment may serve as a target for structural and other interventions to address the growing burden of depression among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyl T Dawson
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5 487, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Wensong Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, DM 430, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kristopher P Fennie
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5 487, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Gladys Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5 487, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Miguel Á Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5 487, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeremy W Pettit
- Department of Psychology, School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5 487, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Yildiz M, Demirhan E, Gurbuz S. Contextual Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Multilevel Investigation. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 48:802-814. [PMID: 30499039 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multilevel research on whether and how contextual socioeconomic disadvantage affects adolescent suicidal behaviors is scarce. Using data from the first two waves (1994/95 and 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 13,335; 49.63% girls; Mage = 15.02 years), this study examined (1) the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent suicide attempts over and above individual-level socioeconomic factors, (2) the moderating role of gender, and (3) the mediating roles of contextually relevant stressors and available psychosocial resources. The results revealed that area-level socioeconomic disadvantage increased the risk of attempting suicide even after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic status, especially for boys. Consistent with the stress process perspective, reports of exposure to violence and lack of safety explain this contextual effect. National suicidal behavior prevention strategies across the U.S. should recognize the strong association with the socioeconomic context, along with individual-level risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yildiz
- Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, 126 Stubbs Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Emirhan Demirhan
- Department of Sociology, University of North Texas, 288 Sycamore Hall, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Suheyl Gurbuz
- Department of Sociology, Midwestern State University, 3410 Taft Blvd., Wichita Falls, TX, 76308, USA
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Dağ İ, Şen G. The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support in the Relationships Between General Causality Orientations and Locus of Control With Psychopathological Symptoms. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 14:531-553. [PMID: 30263069 PMCID: PMC6143984 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v14i3.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to investigate the mediator role of perceived social support in the relationship between general causality orientations and locus of control with psychopathological symptoms. Total 751 participants were consisted of 558 female ages between 17 and 36 (Female M = 19.03, SD = 0.09) (74.3%), 192 male ages between 17 and 37 (Male M = 20.71, SD = 0.17) (25.6%) and a participant who did not provide any gender information. We used the General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) and Locus of Control Scale (LOCS) in order to understand the basic motivation for the emergence of behavior. Beck depression Inventory (BDI) used to evaluate the psychological symptoms for depression, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) for obsessive-compulsive symptomology and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) for overall psychological distress and finally to evaluate mediating role of social support used the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). According to the results, having internal locus of control and autonomy orientation have shown positive effect to statistically significant predictors for psychological symptomology, having external locus of control and impersonal orientation have shown negative effect. Perceived social support was found to be suited for the role of partial mediator, and social support from friends was found to have more positive roles than social support from family. In conclusion, exceedingly considerable to conduct further research in order to contribute to the understanding of the mediating role of general causality orientations and locus of control with psychopathology symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Dağ
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Şen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Association of environmental indicators with teen alcohol use and problem behavior: Teens' observations vs. objectively-measured indicators. Health Place 2017; 43:151-157. [PMID: 28061392 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most prior studies use objectively measured data (e.g., census-based indicators) to assess contextual risks. However, teens' observations might be more important for their risk behavior. OBJECTIVES 1) determine relationships between observed and objective indicators of contextual risks 2) determine relations of observed and objective indicators with teen alcohol use and problem behavior. Teens aged 14-16 (N=170) carried GPS-enabled smartphones for one month, with locations documented. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measured teens' observations via texts regarding risk behaviors and environmental observations. Objective indicators of alcohol outlets and disorganization were spatially joined to EMAs based on teens' location at the time of the texts. Observed and objective disorganization, and objective indicators of alcohol outlets were related to alcohol use. Observed disorganization was related to problem behavior, while objective indicators were unrelated. Findings suggest the importance of considering teens' observations of contextual risk for understanding influences on risk behavior and suggest future directions for research and prevention strategies.
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Skorska MN, Bogaert AF. Pubertal Stress and Nutrition and their Association with Sexual Orientation and Height in the Add Health Data. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:217-236. [PMID: 27511207 PMCID: PMC5925759 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated that gay men tend to be shorter, on average, than heterosexual men. Less evidence exists that lesbian women are taller, on average, than heterosexual women. The most popular explanation of the association between sexual orientation and height involves prenatal factors, such that, for example, gay men may have been exposed to lower than typical androgens during fetal development, which impacts their height and sexual orientation as adults. An alternative explanation involves stress, given that stress has been associated with sexual minority identification and with lower height. Another alternative explanation involves nutrition, although its relationship is less clear with sexual minority identification. Using the Add Health data, which is a large, nationally representative and longitudinal sample of American adolescents (n = 14,786), we tested a mediation model, such that sexual orientation → pubertal stress/nutrition → height. Within men, we found that gay men (n = 126) were shorter, on average, than heterosexual men (n = 6412). None of the 24 pubertal stress-related and 15 pubertal nutrition-related variables assessed in the Add Health data mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and height in men. Within women, lesbians (n = 75) did not differ significantly in stature compared to heterosexual women (n = 6267). Thus, prenatal mechanisms (e.g., hormones, maternal immune response) are likely better candidates for explaining the height difference between gay men and heterosexual men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina N Skorska
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Anthony F Bogaert
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Khani MH, Tamme B, Moradianie Geizeh Rod SK, Nickles L. The Mediator Role of Life Satisfaction and Lack of Depression in the Effect of Intimacy With Parents on Resilience: The Next Generation of Path Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-34983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cheung CK, Ngai SSY. Encouraging the Disuse of Illicit Drugs Among At-Risk Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2016; 60:640-656. [PMID: 25472992 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x14561432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Youth at risk of illicit drug abuse and other delinquent acts are the target of social work services. Preventing or discouraging the use of illicit drugs among at-risk youth is a long-standing practical and research concern. For this reason, the preventive function of courage is a research gap the present study seeks to fill. The study collected data from 169 at-risk youths and their social workers with two-wave panel surveys. Results show that courage in Wave 1 presented a strong negative effect on illicit drug use in Wave 2 in the youth, controlling for illicit drug use in Wave 1 and background characteristics. Moreover, the negative effect was stronger when Wave 1 drug use was more likely. These results imply the helpfulness of encouraging at-risk youth to gather courage to resist the temptation to use illicit drugs.
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Davison C, Michaelson V, Pickett W. It still takes a village: an epidemiological study of the role of social supports in understanding unexpected health states in young people. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:295. [PMID: 25885181 PMCID: PMC4392631 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study of adolescent Canadians examines two groups who are anomalous in their health experiences: (1) those with perceived low affluence yet who perceive themselves to have excellent general health status; (2) those of perceived high affluence but who are reporting poor health status. Our hope was to explore the role of social supports in explaining such anomalies. We hypothesized that cumulative levels of social support available to these young people would have an influence on their perceived health status, with more support being associated with better self reported health. Methods Young people (n = 26,078 from 436 schools) aged 11–15 years were administered a general health survey in classroom settings during the 2009–10 academic school year. Descriptive and regression-based cross-sectional analyses (with an affluence-social support interaction term) were used to relate both individual and cumulative levels of social support in homes, neighborhoods, schools, and peer groups to self-reported health status. Results Social supports and their cumulative availability indeed were strongly related to perceived health, with more supports being associated with better self-perceived health. Less affluent children were much more likely to report excellent health in the presence of numerous social supports. More affluent children were much more likely to report poor health in the absence of such supports. The strength and dose-dependent nature of the findings were consistent and striking. Conclusions Study findings from this large, contemporary and national analysis affirm the importance of social supports as potential determinants of health for young people from both high and low affluent groups. Conceptually, findings affirm the wisdom of the ancient principle: “it takes a village to raise a child”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Carruthers Hall, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Valerie Michaelson
- Department of Public Health Sciences and School of Religion, Theological Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Carruthers Hall, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Frison E, Eggermont S. The impact of daily stress on adolescents’ depressed mood: The role of social support seeking through Facebook. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dunn EC, Milliren CE, Evans CR, Subramanian SV, Richmond TK. Disentangling the relative influence of schools and neighborhoods on adolescents' risk for depressive symptoms. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:732-40. [PMID: 25713969 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although schools and neighborhoods influence health, little is known about their relative importance, or the influence of one context after the influence of the other has been taken into account. We simultaneously examined the influence of each setting on depression among adolescents. METHODS Analyzing data from wave 1 (1994-1995) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we used cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine between-level variation and individual-, school-, and neighborhood-level predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms. Also, we compared the results of our cross-classified multilevel models (CCMMs) with those of a multilevel model wherein either school or neighborhood was excluded. RESULTS In CCMMs, the school-level random effect was significant and more than 3 times the neighborhood-level random effect, even after individual-level characteristics had been taken into account. Individual-level indicators (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) were associated with depressive symptoms, but there was no association with either school- or neighborhood-level fixed effects. The between-level variance in depressive symptoms was driven largely by schools as opposed to neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Schools appear to be more salient than neighborhoods in explaining variation in depressive symptoms. Future work incorporating cross-classified multilevel modeling is needed to understand the relative effects of schools and neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Dunn
- Erin C. Dunn is with the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Carly E. Milliren is with the Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston. Clare R. Evans and S. V. Subramanian are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston. Tracy K. Richmond is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
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