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Keats L, Jose PE, Salmon K. Specificity and valence of adolescents' turning point memory narratives: Relationships with depressive symptoms over time. Behav Res Ther 2024; 179:104570. [PMID: 38776597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Although recent research suggests that, for community youth, greater specific (episodic) detail in self-relevant turning point memory narratives predicts depressive symptoms over time, no research has investigated whether the narratives' specificity similarly predicts depression. Therefore, we investigated whether recalling a specific (unique, 24-hour or less) turning point narrative predicted youth depressive symptoms concurrently and across 6 months (Study 1), and, for a subset of participants, three years (Study 2). We also examined whether the valence of the implication of the experience for self (the resolution) explained additional variance and interacted with memory specificity. For Study 1 (N = 320, M = 16.9 years, 81% female), a specific (rather than a non-specific) turning point predicted greater depressive symptoms concurrently but not longitudinally, whereas a negative resolution predicted both concurrent and longitudinal depressive symptoms. The moderation result showed that a specific turning point predicted escalating depressive symptoms across six months when the resolution was negative. Study 2 (N = 68) additionally showed that a specific turning point predicted increased depressive symptoms three years later. These findings contrast with research suggesting that specific memories are related to better mental health and highlight the complexity of the role of memory in emerging youth depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Keats
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka, New Zealand.
| | - Paul E Jose
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka, New Zealand
| | - Karen Salmon
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka, New Zealand
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2
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Mograbi DC, Hall S, Arantes B, Huntley J. The cognitive neuroscience of self-awareness: Current framework, clinical implications, and future research directions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2024; 15:e1670. [PMID: 38043919 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-awareness, the ability to take oneself as the object of awareness, has been an enigma for our species, with different answers to this question being provided by religion, philosophy, and, more recently, science. The current review aims to discuss the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying self-awareness. The multidimensional nature of self-awareness will be explored, suggesting how it can be thought of as an emergent property observed in different cognitive complexity levels, within a predictive coding approach. A presentation of alterations of self-awareness in neuropsychiatric conditions will ground a discussion on alternative frameworks to understand this phenomenon, in health and psychopathology, with future research directions being indicated to fill current gaps in the literature. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Consciousness Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction Neuroscience > Cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Mograbi
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Hall
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Arantes
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Huntley
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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3
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Wong SMY, Chen EYH, Lee MCY, Suen YN, Hui CLM. Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Phenomenon in the 21st Century: The Flow Model of Rumination. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1041. [PMID: 37508974 PMCID: PMC10377138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination and its related mental phenomena share associated impairments in cognition, such as executive functions and attentional processes across different clinical conditions (e.g., in psychotic disorders). In recent decades, however, the notion of rumination has been increasingly narrowed to the "self-focused" type in depressive disorders. A closer review of the literature shows that rumination may be construed as a broader process characterized by repetitive thoughts about certain mental contents that interfere with one's daily activities, not only limited to those related to "self". A further examination of the construct of rumination beyond the narrowly focused depressive rumination would help expand intervention opportunities for mental disorders in today's context. We first review the development of the clinical construct of rumination with regard to its historical roots and its roles in psychopathology. This builds the foundation for the introduction of the "Flow Model of Rumination (FMR)", which conceptualizes rumination as a disruption of a smooth flow of mental contents in conscious experience that depends on the coordinated interactions between intention, memory, affect, and external events. The conceptual review concludes with a discussion of the impact of rapid technological advances (such as smartphones) on rumination. Particularly in contemporary societies today, a broader consideration of rumination not only from a cognition viewpoint, but also incorporating a human-device interaction perspective, is necessitated. The implications of the FMR in contemporary mental health practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Y Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle C Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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4
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Chen Q, Song Y, Huang Y, Li C. The interactive effects of family violence and peer support on adolescent depressive symptoms: The mediating role of cognitive vulnerabilities. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:524-533. [PMID: 36496101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family violence as an inducing factor of depressive symptoms has been confirmed in previous studies. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood, particularly in Chinese adolescents. Guided by the social-ecological diathesis-stress model, this three-wave longitudinal study aimed to examine the effects of an individual's cognitive vulnerabilities (rejection-sensitivity anxiety and negative cognitive error) and positive societal contexts (peer support) on the link between family violence and depressive symptoms in Chinese society. METHODS A total of 859 Chinese adolescents (44.35 % female; Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.43 at baseline) completed self-reporting surveys that assessed variables associated with study and peer-nominated peer support. RESULTS The results showed that family violence increased the incidence of depressive symptoms in adolescents after two years, resulting in rejection-sensitivity anxiety and negative cognitive error. Surprisingly, higher self-reported peer support, although not peer-nominated support, exacerbated rather than mitigated this indirect effect, supporting the reverse stress-buffering model and extending the healthy context paradox. LIMITATIONS Most of the measures were based on participants' self-reports. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of individual cognition and societal contexts in adolescents with traumatic experiences and provide empirical evidence for the intervention and clinical treatment of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yining Song
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Caina Li
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Cawley E, Piazza G, Das RK, Kamboj SK. A systematic review of the pharmacological modulation of autobiographical memory specificity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1045217. [PMID: 36452391 PMCID: PMC9703074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over-general autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval is proposed to have a causal role in the maintenance of psychological disorders like depression and PTSD. As such, the identification of drugs that modulate AM specificity may open up new avenues of research on pharmacological modeling and treatment of psychological disorders. Aim The current review summarizes randomized, placebo-controlled studies of acute pharmacological modulation of AM specificity. Method A systematic search was conducted of studies that examined the acute effects of pharmacological interventions on AM specificity in human volunteers (healthy and clinical participants) measured using the Autobiographical Memory Test. Results Seventeen studies were identified (986 total participants), of which 16 were judged to have low risk of bias. The presence and direction of effects varied across drugs and diagnostic status of participants (clinical vs. healthy volunteers). The most commonly studied drug-hydrocortisone-produced an overall impairment in AM specificity in healthy volunteers [g = -0.28, CI (-0.53, -0.03), p = 0.03], although improvements were reported in two studies of clinical participants. In general, studies of monoamine modulators reported no effect on specificity. Conclusion Pharmacological enhancement of AM specificity is inconsistent, although monaminergic modulators show little promise in this regard. Drugs that reduce AM specificity in healthy volunteers may be useful experimental-pharmacological tools that mimic an important transdiagnostic impairment in psychological disorders. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020199076, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020199076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cawley
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Matsumoto N, Watson LA, Kuratomi K. Schema-Driven Involuntary Categoric Memory in Depression. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Iselin AMR, DiGiunta L, Lunetti C, Lansford JE, Eisenberg N, Dodge KA, Pastorelli C, Tirado LMU, Bacchini D, Thartori E, Fiasconaro I, Gliozzo G, Favini A, Basili E, Cirimele F, Remondi C, Skinner AT. Pathways from Maternal Harsh Discipline Through Rumination to Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: Gender and Normativeness of Harsh Discipline as Moderators. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1313-1326. [PMID: 35870036 PMCID: PMC9979779 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined gender-specific longitudinal pathways from harsh parenting through rumination to anxiety and depression symptoms among early adolescents from three countries and six subgroups. Participants were 567 mothers, 428 fathers, and 566 children (T1: Mage = 10.89; 50% girls) from Medellín, Colombia (n = 100); Naples, Italy (n = 95); Rome, Italy (n = 99); Durham, North Carolina, United States (Black n = 92, Latinx n = 80, and White n = 100). Parent reported maternal and paternal harsh parenting were measured at T1. Adolescent reported rumination was measured at T2 (Mage = 12.58) and anxiety and depression symptoms were measured at T1 and T3 (Mage = 13.71). Rumination mediated the pathway from maternal harsh discipline to girls' anxiety and depression symptoms, controlling for baseline anxiety and depression symptoms. The more harsh discipline mothers used, the more their daughters ruminated, which in turn was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms. Exploratory moderated mediation analyses indicated that the strength of the mediational pathway from maternal harsh discipline through girls' rumination to anxiety and depression symptoms decreased as the normativeness of harsh parenting increased. Mediational pathways for boys and for paternal harsh discipline were not significant. Our findings expand knowledge on specific contexts in which rumination is a mechanism for understanding pathways to anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura DiGiunta
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Lunetti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Psychology Department, Federico II Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Eriona Thartori
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Fiasconaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gliozzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ainzara Favini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Basili
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Remondi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, USA
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8
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Gao W, Yan X, Yuan J. Neural correlations between cognitive deficits and emotion regulation strategies: understanding emotion dysregulation in depression from the perspective of cognitive control and cognitive biases. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:86-99. [PMID: 38665606 PMCID: PMC10917239 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The link between cognitive function and emotion regulation may be helpful in better understanding the onset, maintenance, and treatment for depression. However, it remains unclear whether there are neural correlates between emotion dysregulation and cognitive deficits in depression. To address this question, we first review the neural representations of emotion dysregulation and cognitive deficits in depression (including deficits in cognitive control and cognitive biases). Based on the comparisons of neural representations of emotion dysregulation versus cognitive deficits, we propose an accessible and reasonable link between emotion dysregulation, cognitive control, and cognitive biases in depression. Specifically, cognitive control serves the whole process of emotion regulation, whereas cognitive biases are engaged in emotion regulation processes at different stages. Moreover, the abnormal implementation of different emotion regulation strategies in depression is consistently affected by cognitive control, which is involved in the dorsolateral, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Besides, the relationship between different emotion regulation strategies and cognitive biases in depression may be distinct: the orbitofrontal cortex contributes to the association between ineffective reappraisal and negative interpretation bias, while the subgenual prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex underline the tendency of depressed individuals to ruminate and overly engage in self-referential bias. This review sheds light on the relationship between cognitive deficits and emotion dysregulation in depression and identifies directions in need of future attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- The Affect Cognition and Regulation Laboratory (ACRLab), Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - XinYu Yan
- The Affect Cognition and Regulation Laboratory (ACRLab), Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - JiaJin Yuan
- The Affect Cognition and Regulation Laboratory (ACRLab), Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
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9
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Lam K, Barry TJ, Hallford DJ, Jimeno MV, Solano Pinto N, Ricarte JJ. Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Detailedness and Their Association with Depression in Early Adolescence. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2022.2083138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom J. Barry
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | | | - Maria V. Jimeno
- School of Law, Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Jorge J. Ricarte
- School of Education, Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
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10
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Wu JL, Hamilton JL, Fresco DM, Alloy LB, Stange JP. Decentering predicts attenuated perseverative thought and internalizing symptoms following stress exposure: A multi-level, multi-wave study. Behav Res Ther 2022; 152:104017. [PMID: 35316616 PMCID: PMC9007852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While research identifies a growing list of risk factors for anxiety and depression, it is equally important to identify potential protective factors that may prevent or reduce vulnerability to developing internalizing psychopathology. We hypothesized that forms of perseverative thinking, such as rumination and worry, act as mechanisms linking negative life experiences and prospective symptoms of anxiety and depression. More specifically, we investigated whether decentering, the meta-cognitive capacity to adopt a distanced perspective toward one's thoughts and feelings, serves as a protective factor at various points along this mediational pathway. A sample of 181 undergraduate students were recruited and assessed at five time points over a 12-week period. Multilevel modeling indicated that decentering was associated with an attenuated impact of (1) negative events on prospective depressive symptoms; (2) negative events on prospective brooding, and (3) brooding, pondering and worry on prospective internalizing symptoms. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses provided partial support for the hypothesis that perseverative thinking would mediate the longitudinal associations between negative life events and internalizing symptoms, with decentering attenuating risk at several connections of the indirect pathways. The strongest support was provided for moderated mediation models in which decentering was associated with attenuated relationships between negative events, brooding, and symptoms of depression. This study is the first to elucidate the role of decentering as a protective factor against anxiety and depressive symptoms at different points in the path from stress to perseverative thought to internalizing symptoms. Decentering therefore may be a critical target for clinical intervention to promote resilience against anxiety and depression.
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11
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Chaieb L, Hoppe C, Fell J. Mind wandering and depression: A status report. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104505. [PMID: 34929225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While many clinical studies and overviews on the contribution of rumination to depression exist, relatively little information regarding the role of mind wandering (MW) in general is available. Therefore, it remains an open question whether patterns of MW are altered in depression and, if so, how these alterations are related to rumination. Here, we review and discuss studies investigating MW in cohorts, showing either a clinically significant depression or with clinically significant disorders accompanied by depressive symptoms. These studies yield first tentative insights into major issues. However, further investigations are required, specifically studies which: i) compare patients with a primary diagnosis of major depression with healthy and appropriately matched controls, ii) implement measures of both MW and rumination, iii) are based on experience sampling (in combination with other key approaches), iv) compare experience sampling during daily life, resting state and attentional tasks, v) explore possible biases in the assessment of MW, vi) acquire data not only related to the propensity and contents of MW, but also regarding meta-awareness and intentionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Hoppe
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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12
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Hallford DJ, Rusanov D, Yeow JJE, Barry TJ. Overgeneral and specific autobiographical memory predict the course of depression: an updated meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:909-926. [PMID: 33875023 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in retrieving event-level, specific autobiographical memories, termed overgeneral memory (OGM), are recognised as a feature of clinical depression. A previous meta-analytic review assessing how OGM predicts the course of subsequent depressive symptoms showed small effects for correlations and regression analyses when baseline depressive symptoms were controlled for. We aimed to update this study and examine whether their findings replicate given the decade of research that has been published since. A systematic literature review using the same eligibility criteria as the previous meta-analysis led to a doubling of eligible studies (32 v. 15). The results provided more precise estimates of effect sizes, and largely support the finding that OGM predicts the course of depressive symptoms. The effects were generally small, but significantly larger among clinical samples, compared to studies with non-clinical samples. There was some evidence that higher age was associated with stronger effects, and longer follow-up was associated with weaker effects. The findings on other moderating variables that were analysed were mixed. Continued research into this modifiable cognitive process may help to provide an avenue to better understand and treat highly prevalent and impactful depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Rusanov
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J J E Yeow
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T J Barry
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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13
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Valentino K, Speidel R, Lawson M. Developmental and Intervention-Related Change in Autobiographical Memory Specificity in Maltreated Children: Indirect Effects of Maternal Reminiscing. Child Dev 2021; 92:e977-e996. [PMID: 33749823 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the development of autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of 242 maltreated and nonmaltreated children (aged 36-86 months; 50.4% male; 39.7% Black, 25.9% White, 34.5% Latinx/other) and their mothers. Half of the maltreated families were randomized to receive an intervention to improve maternal reminiscing. The effects of maltreatment and the intervention on children's AMS via two indices of maternal reminiscing, sensitive guidance, and elaboration, were evaluated. Bidirectional associations between AMS and child maladjustment were also examined. Intervention-related improvement in maternal sensitive guidance 6-month postintervention (b* = .36) related to greater AMS among maltreated children 1 year later (b* = .19). These findings underscore the role of maternal sensitive guidance in facilitating AMS.
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14
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Hiramatsu Y, Murata T, Yamada F, Seki Y, Yokoo M, Noguchi R, Shibuya T, Tanaka M, Matsuzawa D, Shimizu E. Memory rescripting in major depressive disorder. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2021.1887303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hiramatsu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Murata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center, Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Mizue Yokoo
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Remi Noguchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibuya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mari Tanaka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuzawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center, Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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15
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Kuhlman KR, Mayer SE, Vargas I, Lopez-Duran NL. Early life stress sensitizes youth to the influence of stress-induced cortisol on memory for affective words. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1597-1605. [PMID: 33559157 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a well-established risk factor for psychopathology across the lifespan. Cognitive vulnerability to stress-induced cortisol may explain risk and resilience. The current study aimed to elucidate a psychobiological pathway linking stress to altered memory for affective words among youth with and without exposure to ELS. One hundred and fifteen youth (ages 9-16, 47% female) were randomized either to a psychosocial stressor or a control condition. Immediately following the stress or control condition, participants completed a memory task for affective words. Change in salivary cortisol from immediately before to 25 min after stress onset were used to predict memory for affective words. Exposure to the acute laboratory stressor led to activation of the HPA axis. Greater cortisol reactivity was associated with less accurate recognition of negative valence words. Among youth exposed to ELS, greater cortisol reactivity to acute stress was associated with poorer recognition of dysphoric and neutral words. Acute increases in cortisol may interfere with negatively-valenced information processing that has implications for memory. Youth exposed to high ELS may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cortisol, which may explain one pathway through which stress leads to psychopathology among at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie E Mayer
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Vargas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Salmon K, Isler L, Jose P, Glynn R, Mitchell C, Dewhirst M, Buxton B, Gutenbrunner C, Reese E. Delving into the detail: Greater episodic detail in narratives of a critical life event predicts an increase in adolescent depressive symptoms across one year. Behav Res Ther 2021; 137:103798. [PMID: 33421894 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Depressed people have reduced ability to recall specific autobiographical memories, yet the role of reduced memory specificity in the development of adolescent depression is unclear. Two reasons are the limited longitudinal studies with this age group and the dominant use of just one measure of memory specificity, the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986). In the current one-year longitudinal study, community adolescents (N = 132, M = 16.13 years at Time 1) wrote about a life turning point, and their narratives were coded with respect to the amount of episodic and semantic detail. Participants also completed an adapted version of the Minimal Instructions AMT. Greater episodic detail in young people's turning point narrative was positively associated with depressive symptoms separately at Times 1 and 2, and uniquely predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the year. A non-positive valence of the turning point resolution also positively predicted Time 2 depressive symptoms. In contrast, specificity as assessed by the AMT did not predict such an increase. The results suggest that episodic detail in highly self-relevant narratives may be a sensitive predictor of increases in adolescent depressive symptoms across time. We consider excessive self focus and retrieval style as potential explanations of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Salmon
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Laina Isler
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul Jose
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Glynn
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Dewhirst
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Belinda Buxton
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Elaine Reese
- University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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McKinnon A, Kuyken W, Hayes R, Werner-Seidler A, Watson P, Dalgleish T, Schweizer S. The psychometric properties of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) in a clinical sample of adults with recurrent depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:212-219. [PMID: 32697701 PMCID: PMC7613961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective dysregulation is central to depression. However, emotion regulation (ER) tendencies in depression remain poorly understood. It is critical, therefore, to validate measures of habitual ER in clinical populations. The current study aimed to validate the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in a sample of individuals with a history of recurrent depression who are currently in remission. METHOD The CERQ measures ER tendencies with 36 self-report items that are divided into nine subscales. Each subscale is purported to assess one of five adaptive and four maladaptive ER strategies. The CERQ was administered to 476 adults (mean age = 46.76 years; 75% female) that were currently in remission with a history of recurrent depression, who were recruited from primary care settings. We first investigated the CERQ's nine factor structure, internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity. RESULTS The nine-factor structure did not fit the CERQ structure in a sample of individuals with recurrent depression and convergent validity was poor. Instead, a five-factor structure fit the data best and showed acceptable convergent and criterion validity. LIMITATIONS The generalisability of the findings may be limited due to relative lack of diversity in terms of gender and ethnicity of the sample. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the taxonomic structure of the CERQ does not fit emotion regulation patterns in adults with a history of depression. These findings highlight the importance of validating measures in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna McKinnon
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia.
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Mood Disorders Research Centre, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachel Hayes
- Mood Disorders Research Centre, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Peter Watson
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Hawkins-Elder H, Salmon K. Observing the self, avoiding the experience? The role of the observer perspective in autobiographical recall and its relationship to depression in adolescence. Memory 2020; 28:567-575. [PMID: 32268836 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1749666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tendency to adopt an observer perspective (OP) when recalling autobiographical memories has been shown to be related to both avoidance and depression in adults. Very little research has examined this relationship in adolescents, however, and none of this work has adopted a longitudinal paradigm. This is an important gap in light of the marked escalation in rates of depression across the adolescent period. The current study therefore examined the concurrent and longitudinal (one year) relationships between observer perspective in the Minimal Instruction Autobiographical Memory Test (Mi-AMT; Debeer, E., Hermans, D., & Raes, F. (2009). Associations between components of rumination and autobiographical memory specificity as measured by a minimal instructions autobiographical memory test. Memory, 17(8), 892-903. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903376243), avoidance, and depression in a large, longitudinal sample of adolescents (mean age = 15.03 at T1). Consistent with predictions we found a significant but small cross-sectional correlation between OP and higher levels of depressive symptoms, however the relationship with avoidance was not significant. Contrary to predictions, the longitudinal relationships of OP with avoidance and depression were not significant. These findings raise the possibility that OP may be negligibly related to avoidance or depression during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Salmon
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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19
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N W, X C, F R. The cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between overgeneral autobiographical memory and adolescent depression in a UK population-based cohort. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:621-625. [PMID: 32056936 PMCID: PMC7097840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM), the tendency to recall fewer specific memories and recall more repeated or extended events, is associated with subsequent adult depression. However, prospective associations are only found in adolescents with additional risk factors for depression (e.g. OGM for negative material is associated with subsequent depression in females and those at familial risk of depression) and not in community samples. It remains unclear whether OGM is associated with subsequent depression in population-based adolescent samples or just in high-risk adolescents. METHODS We examined the relationship between OGM for negative cues (age 13) and adolescent depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort - the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Regression models investigated the association of OGM for negative cues with depressive symptoms at age 12.5 years (n = 3,145) and age 16.5 years (n = 2,345). Associations with alternative measures of OGM were also explored. Gender and maternal depression were examined as potential moderators of these relationships. RESULTS OGM for negative cues was associated with both contemporaneous and prospective depressive symptoms. Only OGM for negative cues and total OGM were prospectively associated with depressive symptoms. There was no evidence of moderation by gender or maternal depression. LIMITATIONS Depression was reported 6 months earlier than OGM. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to find a prospective link between OGM for negative material and depression in a population-based cohort. Results highlight memory biases can precede subsequent adolescent depression in the general population, not just high-risk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warne N
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Caseras X
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rice F
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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20
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Talarowska ME, Kowalczyk M, Maes M, Carvalho A, Su KP, Szemraj J, Gałecki P. Immune to happiness - inflammatory process indicators and depressive personality traits. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:848-857. [PMID: 32542087 PMCID: PMC7286335 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, depression is conceptualized as an immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress disorder associated with neuroprogressive changes as a consequence of peripherally activated immune-inflammatory pathways, including peripheral cytokines and immune cells which penetrate into the brain via the blood barrier, as well as nitro-oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether personality traits predisposing to a depressive episode (hypochondria, dysthymic, hysteria) are associated with changes in peripheral gene expression for selected indicators of inflammation and oxidative balance. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred four people meeting the diagnostic criteria specified for a depressive episode took part in the study. Selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) were used to measure personality traits. Expression at the mRNA and protein level for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) was examined. RESULTS Scales for the neurotic triad of the MMPI-2 test correlated significantly with the expression at the level of mRNA and protein for MnSOD, MPO and metalloproteinases 2 and 9. CONCLUSIONS The scales specified for the neurotic triad of the MMPI-2 test correspond substantially with the expression of MnSOD, MPO and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 at the mRNA and protein levels in the group of patients suffering from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Talarowska
- 1Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Corresponding author: Monika E. Talarowska PhD, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 159 Aleksandrowska St, 91-229 Lodz, Poland, Phone: +48 603 686 690, E-mail:
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- 1Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Łosiak W, Blaut A, Kłosowska J, Łosiak-Pilch J. Stressful Life Events, Cognitive Biases, and Symptoms of Depression in Young Adults. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2165. [PMID: 31681059 PMCID: PMC6798061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the link between stressful experiences and depression has been supported in numerous studies, the specific mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. Cognitive theories of depression postulate that the influence of stress on depression may be modified by cognitive factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay between negative life events, cognitive vulnerability factors, and depressive symptoms. It was hypothesized that the relationship between negative life events and symptoms of depression is shaped by rumination and cognitive biases. The study sample consisted of 108 young adults (19 men and 89 women; M = 20.31; SD = 1.84). Memory bias and attentional bias were assessed using the Attentional Blink Task and the Memory Task, respectively. Rumination and depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Logistic regression and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the study variables. Stressful life events, rumination and memory bias were found to be significantly related to depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed that there is a positive relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms but only among individuals characterized by an elevated level of rumination and among participants exhibiting negative attentional bias. The results provide further evidence for cognitive models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Władysław Łosiak
- Department of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Blaut
- Department of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Kłosowska
- Department of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Łosiak-Pilch
- Department of Philosophy, Institute of Pedagogy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Matsumoto N, Mochizuki S. Reciprocal Relationship Between Reduced Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Depressive Symptoms in Nonclinical Populations. Int J Cogn Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-019-00042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Warne N, Collishaw S, Rice F. Examining the relationship between stressful life events and overgeneral autobiographical memory in adolescents at high familial risk of depression. Memory 2019; 27:314-327. [PMID: 30124107 PMCID: PMC6343111 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1508591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty remembering specific events from the personal past, known as overgeneral autobiographical memory (AM), may be a marker of vulnerability to adolescent depression but little is known about how overgeneral AM arises in this age group. Stressful life events (SLEs) are strongly implicated in the onset of depression and are considered important in theoretical work on AM. We investigated whether exposure to lifetime and recent SLEs contributed to the development of overgeneral AM in a sample of adolescents at high familial risk of depression (n = 257) and examined the effects of gender and memory valence. Whether AM mediated the relationship between SLEs and MDD was also assessed. Exposure to a higher number of lifetime SLEs was associated with an increase in specific AMs. Associations of recent SLEs with AM differed by gender. For girls, more recent SLEs were associated with more overgeneral AMs. For boys, more recent SLEs were associated with fewer overgeneral AMs and more specific AMs. AM did not mediate the relationship between SLEs and subsequent DSM-IV depressive symptom count. Results suggest a complex relationship between AM and SLEs and that overgeneral AM and SLEs may have independent effects on future depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Warne
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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24
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Tian Q, Han H, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao J, Li S. Earthquake Trauma, Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory, and Depression Among Adolescent Survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2505. [PMID: 30618936 PMCID: PMC6295465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma has a profound impact on overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM), which is a risk factor for depression. Violent earthquakes can cause tremendous trauma in survivors. We examined the relationship between earthquake trauma, OGM and depression in adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in this study. OGM was assessed using the autobiographical memory test in a sample of adolescent participants who experienced the violent earthquakes in Wenchuan, China, in 2008 and control participants who had never experienced a destructive earthquake. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II in all participants. The results showed that compared with the adolescents with no earthquake trauma, the adolescents with earthquake trauma reported significantly more depression (d = 0.49) and overgeneral autobiographical memories (d = 0.55). Moreover, when they experienced earthquake trauma, the adolescents with low OGM did not experience more depression, but the adolescents with average and high OGM experienced more depression than the adolescents with no earthquake trauma. This finding indicated that in a non-Western cultural context, adolescents' propensity toward OGM made them vulnerable to depression after experiencing an earthquake trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Tian
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanguang Ma
- Department of Education, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Primary Education, Jinan Preschool Education College, Jinan, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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25
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Gagne C, Dayan P, Bishop SJ. When planning to survive goes wrong: predicting the future and replaying the past in anxiety and PTSD. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Pile V, Smith P, Leamy M, Blackwell SE, Meiser-Stedman R, Stringer D, Ryan EG, Dunn BD, Holmes EA, Lau JYF. A brief early intervention for adolescent depression that targets emotional mental images and memories: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (IMAGINE trial). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:97. [PMID: 29997904 PMCID: PMC6030737 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression is common and impairing. There is an urgent need to develop early interventions to prevent depression becoming entrenched. However, current psychological interventions are difficult to access and show limited evidence of effectiveness. Schools offer a promising setting to enhance access to interventions, including reducing common barriers such as time away from education. Distressing negative mental images and a deficit in positive future images, alongside overgeneral autobiographical memories, have been implicated in depression across the lifespan, and interventions targeting them in adults have shown promise. Here, we combine techniques targeting these cognitive processes into a novel, brief psychological intervention for adolescent depression. This feasibility randomised controlled trial will test the feasibility and acceptability of delivering this imagery-based cognitive behavioural intervention in schools. METHODS/DESIGN Fifty-six adolescents (aged 16-18) with high symptoms of depression will be recruited from schools. Participants will be randomly allocated to the imagery-based cognitive behavioural intervention (ICBI) or the control intervention, non-directive supportive therapy (NDST). Data on feasibility and acceptability will be recorded throughout, including data on recruitment, retention and adherence rates as well as adverse events. In addition, symptom assessment will take place pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Primarily, the trial aims to establish whether it is feasible and acceptable to carry out this project in a school setting. Secondary objectives include collecting data on clinical measures, including depression and anxiety, and measures of the mechanisms proposed to be targeted by the intervention. The acceptability of using technology in assessment and treatment will also be evaluated. DISCUSSION Feasibility, acceptability and symptom data for this brief intervention will inform whether an efficacy randomised controlled trial is warranted and aid planning of this trial. If this intervention is shown in a subsequent definitive trial to be safe, clinically effective and cost-effective, it has potential to be rolled out as an intervention and so would significantly extend the range of therapies available for adolescent depression. This psychological intervention draws on cognitive mechanism research suggesting a powerful relationship between emotion and memory and uses imagery as a cognitive target in an attempt to improve interventions for adolescent depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN85369879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pile
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Patrick Smith
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Mary Leamy
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simon E. Blackwell
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Dominic Stringer
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth G. Ryan
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Emily A. Holmes
- Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Y. F. Lau
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
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27
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A test of the functional avoidance hypothesis in the development of overgeneral autobiographical memory. Mem Cognit 2018; 46:895-908. [DOI: 10.3758/s13421-018-0810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Gałecki P, Talarowska M. Neurodevelopmental theory of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:267-272. [PMID: 28571776 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of research studies in the field of psychiatry conducted in recent years is to formulate a consistent theory that would exhaustively explain the aetiology of depression. So far, biochemical, genetic, anatomical and environmental factors, which may play a role in the occurrence of the first symptoms of depressive disorders, have been sought. The authors of this paper present a theory that combines the previously mentioned elements into one whole and links them to one another. We have called our theory "neurodevelopmental" to underline the importance and impact of earlier stages of human life, including the prenatal period, on the occurrence of depressive disorders. We will make an attempt to find an answer to why this time in the life of a human being is so important, what kind of biological mechanisms are activated then, and what aspects of our later functioning are affected by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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29
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Connolly SL, Alloy LB. Negative Event Recall as a Vulnerability for Depression: Relationship between Momentary Stress-Reactive Rumination and Memory for Daily Life Stress. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 6:32-47. [PMID: 29552424 DOI: 10.1177/2167702617729487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current research utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology to test the hypotheses that: 1) engaging in greater rumination following stress (stress-reactive rumination; SRR) would lead to improved stressor recall, and 2) this improved memory for stress would predict increases in depressive symptoms. One hundred twenty-one participants received smartphone alerts in which they reported on their experience of negative life events (NLEs) as well as SRR and depressed mood after event occurrence. NLEs followed by increased SRR were more likely to be recalled two weeks later. Furthermore, individuals who endorsed and recalled more stressors displayed increased depressive symptoms. Contrary to hypotheses, no evidence was found for a mediational effect in which SRR predicted depressive symptoms and was mediated by memory for NLEs. Current findings demonstrate a relationship between rumination following stress and the subsequent recall of those stressors, and support the role of negative event recall as a vulnerability factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Connolly
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
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30
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Lau JYF, Waters AM. Annual Research Review: An expanded account of information-processing mechanisms in risk for child and adolescent anxiety and depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:387-407. [PMID: 27966780 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression occurring during childhood and adolescence are common and costly. While early-emerging anxiety and depression can arise through a complex interplay of 'distal' factors such as genetic and environmental influences, temperamental characteristics and brain circuitry, the more proximal mechanisms that transfer risks on symptoms are poorly delineated. Information-processing biases, which differentiate youth with and without anxiety and/or depression, could act as proximal mechanisms that mediate more distal risks on symptoms. This article reviews the literature on information-processing biases, their associations with anxiety and depression symptoms in youth and with other distal risk factors, to provide direction for further research. METHODS Based on strategic searches of the literature, we consider how youth with and without anxiety and/or depression vary in how they deploy attention to social-affective stimuli, discriminate between threat and safety cues, retain memories of negative events and appraise ambiguous information. We discuss how these information-processing biases are similarly or differentially expressed on anxiety and depression and whether these biases are linked to genetic and environmental factors, temperamental characteristics and patterns of brain circuitry functioning implicated in anxiety and depression. FINDINGS Biases in attention and appraisal characterise both youth anxiety and depression but with some differences in how these are expressed for each symptom type. Difficulties in threat-safety cue discrimination characterise anxiety and are understudied in depression, while biases in the retrieval of negative and overgeneral memories have been observed in depression but are understudied in anxiety. Information-processing biases have been studied in relation to some distal factors but not systematically, so relationships remain inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Biases in attention, threat-safety cue discrimination, memory and appraisal may characterise anxiety and/or depression risk. We discuss future research directions that can more systematically test whether these biases act as proximal mechanisms that mediate other distal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y F Lau
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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31
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Peltonen K, Kangaslampi S, Qouta S, Punamäki RL. Trauma and autobiographical memory: contents and determinants of earliest memories among war-affected Palestinian children. Memory 2017; 25:1347-1357. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1303073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Peltonen
- School of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Samuli Kangaslampi
- School of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Samir Qouta
- Department of Psychology, Islamic University Gaza, IUG, Gaza, Palestine
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Gutenbrunner C, Salmon K, Jose PE. Do Overgeneral Autobiographical Memories Predict Increased Psychopathological Symptoms in Community Youth? A 3-Year Longitudinal Investigation. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:197-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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van der Kaap–Deeder J, Vansteenkiste M, Van Petegem S, Raes F, Soenens B. On the Integration of Need–related Autobiographical Memories among Late Adolescents and Late Adults: The Role of Depressive Symptoms and Self–congruence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Within self–determination theory, integration denotes the process through which people accept past and present experiences and harmonize these experiences within their sense of self. We investigated associations between indicators of successful and poor integration of need–related memories and memory–related affect. We also examined the role of depressive symptoms and self–congruence as antecedents of these indicators. Moreover, we investigated whether late adults, compared with late adolescents, were better capable of integrating need–frustrating memories through higher levels of self–congruence. Participants were 132 late adolescents (Mage = 17.83) and 147 late adults (Mage = 76.13), who reported on their level of depressive symptoms and self–congruence. Next, participants generated a need–satisfying and need–frustrating memory and reported on the memories‘ integration (in terms of acceptance, connection and rumination) and associated affect. Whereas depressive symptoms related mainly to the poor integration of need–frustrating memories, self–congruence related positively to the integration of both need–satisfying and need–frustrating memories. In turn, integration was related to more positive and less negative affect. Late adults scored higher than late adolescents on the integration of need–frustrating memories, an effect that was partly accounted for by late adults‘ elevated self–congruence. Results suggest that self–congruence, depressive symptoms and age play a role in the integration of need–based autobiographical memories. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene van der Kaap–Deeder
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Petegem
- Family and Development Research Centre, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filip Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Schneider S, Brassen S. Brooding Is Related to Neural Alterations during Autobiographical Memory Retrieval in Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:219. [PMID: 27695414 PMCID: PMC5025439 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brooding rumination is considered a central aspect of depression in midlife. As older people tend to review their past, rumination tendency might be particularly crucial in late life since it might hinder older adults to adequately evaluate previous events. We scanned 22 non-depressed older adults with varying degrees of brooding tendency with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while they performed the construction and elaboration of autobiographical memories. Behavioral findings demonstrate that brooders reported lower mood states, needed more time for memory construction and rated their memories as less detailed and less positive. On the neural level, brooding tendency was related to increased amygdala activation during the search for specific memories and reduced engagement of cortical networks during elaboration. Moreover, coupling patterns of the subgenual cingulate cortex with the hippocampus (HC) and the amygdala predicted details and less positive valence of memories in brooders. Our findings support the hypothesis that ruminative thinking interferes with the search for specific memories while facilitating the uncontrolled retrieval of negatively biased self-schemes. The observed neurobehavioral dysfunctions might put older people with brooding tendency at high risk for becoming depressed when reviewing their past. Training of autobiographical memory ability might therefore be a promising approach to increase resilience against depression in late-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schneider
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brassen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
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Talarowska M, Berk M, Maes M, Gałecki P. Autobiographical memory dysfunctions in depressive disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:100-8. [PMID: 26522618 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a ubiquitous human experience that belongs to long-term declarative memory. It plays interpersonal and intrapsychic functions. The main aim of this study is to present results of contemporary research on AM in recurrent depressive disorders. The available research literature suggests that AM dysfunctions are a precursor and risk factor for recurrent depressive disorders and that they also appear to be a consequence of depressive symptoms in a bidirectional and interacting manner. These data suggest that AM might be a viable therapeutic target for cognitive remediation strategies, given the impact of cognition on diverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Matsumoto N, Mochizuki S. Effects of self-relevant cues and cue valence on autobiographical memory specificity in dysphoria. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:607-615. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1129312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Matsumoto
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Tennodai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochizuki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Tennodai, Japan
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Kong T, He Y, Auerbach RP, McWhinnie CM, Xiao J. Rumination and depression in Chinese university students: The mediating role of overgeneral autobiographical memory. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015; 77:221-224. [PMID: 25977594 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the mediator effects of overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) on the relationship between rumination and depression in 323 Chinese university students. METHOD 323 undergraduates completed the questionnaires measuring OGM (Autobiographical Memory Test), rumination (Ruminative Response Scale) and depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). RESULTS Results using structural equation modeling showed that OGM partially-mediated the relationship between rumination and depression (χ2 = 88.61, p < .01; RMSEA = .051; SRMR = .040; and CFI = .91). Bootstrap methods were used to assess the magnitude of the indirect effects. The results of the bootstrap estimation procedure and subsequent analyses indicated that the indirect effects of OGM on the relationship between rumination and depressive symptoms were significant. CONCLUSION The results indicated that rumination and depression were partially mediated by OGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yini He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | | | | | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Crane C, Heron J, Gunnell D, Lewis G, Evans J, Williams JMG. Adolescent over-general memory, life events and mental health outcomes: Findings from a UK cohort study. Memory 2015; 24:348-63. [PMID: 25716137 PMCID: PMC4743605 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1008014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggesting that over-general memory (OGM) may moderate the effect of life events on depressive symptoms and suicidality has sampled older adolescents or adults, or younger adolescents in high-risk populations, and has been conducted over relatively short follow-up periods. The authors examined the relationship between OGM at age 13 and life events and mental health outcomes (depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation and planning) at age 16 years within a sample of 5792 adolescents participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), approximately 3800 of whom had also provided data on depression and self-harm. There was no clear evidence of either direct or interactive effects of OGM at age 13 on levels of depression at age 16. Similarly there was no clear evidence of either direct or interactive effects of OGM on suicidal ideation and self-harm. Although there was some evidence that over-general autobiographical memory was associated with reduced risk of suicidal planning and increased risk of self-harm, these associations were absent when confounding variables were taken into account. The findings imply that although OGM is a marker of vulnerability to depression and related psychopathology in high-risk groups, this cannot be assumed to generalise to whole populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Evans
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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