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Lemke J, D'Alessio AS, Briggs FBS, Bailey C. Influence of social determinants of health and adversity on computerized neurocognitive assessment. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38993089 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2375801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Social determinants of health and adversity, including poverty, maltreatment, and neighborhood deprivation, are individual-level factors that may significantly affect baseline neurocognitive testing and management that have yet to be thoroughly explored within the computerized neurocognitive assessment.Objectives: Examine individual-level experiences of poverty, abuse, neighborhood deprivation, and social mobility on computerized cognitive testing.Methods: The sample included 3,845 student-athletes who completed a baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and were enrolled in the Child-Household Integrated Longitudinal Data database. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess independent variables of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program enrollment, abuse or neglect cases, Area Deprivation Index scores, and other demographic factors on four baseline ImPACT composite scores: verbal and visual memory, visuomotor, and reaction time.Results: Individual-level factors of persistent poverty and neighborhood deprivation were associated with lower composite scores; however, upward social mobility was not significantly associated with cognitive performance. The effects of mother's race on computerized cognitive testing performance were attenuated when accounting for measures of adversity.Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of social determinants of health in computerized neurocognitive testing to ensure more culturally sensitive and precise understanding of athletic baselines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Lemke
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alena Sorensen D'Alessio
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Farren B S Briggs
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Cen YS, Xia LX. Serial Cascade Effects of Relative Deprivation and Anger Rumination on the Development of Social Aggression Over 2.5 Years in Emerging Adults. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02029-z. [PMID: 38849686 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of development of aggression have been focused on day by day, the complicated effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of social aggression in emerging adults have not been uncovered. A serial cascade model of aggression was proposed to address this issue. A longitudinal investigation over 2.5 years was conducted to test this model by exploring the serial cascade effects of relative deprivation (a representative of distal factors) and anger rumination (a representative of proximal factors) on the development of social aggression. A total of 1113 Chinese university students (Mage = 18.95 ± 0.96, 63.10% female) from six universities in five areas participated in this study. The results suggest that developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in anger rumination mediate the relationship between developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in relative deprivation and social aggression, and developmental trajectories and changes in relative deprivation mediate the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and social aggression. These findings support the serial cascade effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of aggression and expand upon the general aggression model (GAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Cen
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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D’Alessio AS, Salas Atwell M, Koroukian S, Bailey C, Briggs FBS. Experiences of Adversity and Validity of Baseline Concussion Testing. J Athl Train 2024; 59:373-380. [PMID: 36827602 PMCID: PMC11064113 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0502.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neurocognitive testing is a critical tool in the management of sport-related concussions. Adversity during childhood and adolescence affects cognitive tasks, behavioral outcomes, and academic performance. Adversity may be important in baseline concussion test validity as well; however, the influence of these experiences is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between individual-level experiences of adversity and baseline test validity of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). We hypothesized that experiences of poverty, maltreatment, or extreme neighborhood deprivation would be associated with lower odds of baseline test validity. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Cuyahoga County, Ohio. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 6495 student-athletes born from 1995 through 2005 who completed a baseline ImPACT test between 10 and 18 years old and were identified in the Child-Household Integrated Longitudinal Data system, a comprehensive data system with demographic and social service usage outcomes for children in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Baseline concussion test validity was determined using the ImPACT built-in validity measure. Experiences of adversity during the sensitive developmental periods of early childhood and adolescence were key independent variables. RESULTS Our findings suggested that social mobility may play an important role in baseline validity. Youth with upward social mobility (ie, poverty or neighborhood deprivation in early childhood only) were not different from youth without such experiences (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, P = .74). Youth with persistent adversity across childhood or downward social mobility (ie, poverty or high neighborhood deprivation in adolescence only) had 50% to 72% lower odds of achieving a valid baseline test (persistent poverty, OR = 0.59, P = .05; adolescent poverty only, OR = 0.50, P = .004; adolescent neighborhood deprivation only, OR = 0.28, P < .001). Maltreatment had no significant effect on test validity. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that certain patterns of adversity may predispose youth to invalid baseline testing scores, potentially increasing their risk of inappropriate injury management and poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sorensen D’Alessio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Center on Poverty and Community Development, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Meghan Salas Atwell
- Center on Poverty and Community Development, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Siran Koroukian
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christopher Bailey
- University Hospitals Concussion Management Program, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH. Ms D’Alessio is now at the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr Briggs is now at the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL
| | - Farren B. S Briggs
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Ren W, Liang Z. Neighborhood deprivation and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: Mediated by parenting styles and moderated by relative family status. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:17-25. [PMID: 37633523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that neighborhood and family have a crucial impact on adolescent mental health. However, limited research has been conducted on the intersection between neighborhood and family and the mechanisms behind its influence. This study investigates the direct and indirect associations between neighborhood deprivation and adolescent depressive symptoms through parental responsiveness and demandingness. The heterogeneity of neighborhood effects, varying across different relative family statuses, is also discussed. METHODS Using a sample (n = 6775) from the two waves of the China Education Panel Survey, this study used moderated mediation analysis to analyze simultaneously the mediation roles of parental responsiveness and demandingness and the moderating effect of relative family status. RESULTS Neighborhood deprivation (W1) was positively associated with adolescent depressive symptoms (W2). Parental responsiveness (W2) rather than demandingness (W2) partially mediated the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and adolescent depression. Additionally, relative family status moderated the direct relationship between neighborhood deprivation and depression and the indirect relationship through parental responsiveness. LIMITATIONS First, Neighborhood deprivation in this study was self-reported. Second, relative family status was a single-item measure. Third, only family and neighborhood environments were discussed in this study. Finally, long-term changes in the mental health of adolescents in poor neighborhoods could not be captured in this study. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that neighborhood deprivation and relative family status can influence adolescent mental health individually and intersectively. This study also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of parenting styles in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Ren
- Department of Sociology, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; National Experiment Base for Intelligent Social Governance on Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zurong Liang
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Tian Y, Zheng H, Tong W, He W. Co-Occurrence, Predictors, and Related Aggressive Behaviors of Cognitive and Emotional Relative Deprivation Based on Latent Class Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:586. [PMID: 37504033 PMCID: PMC10376334 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the frequent occurrence of relative deprivation among adolescents and its negative effects, this study investigated relative deprivation among adolescents using a person-centered statistical technique (n = 1196; 565 girls). Latent class analysis identified three groups: low cognitive and emotional relative deprivation (Class 1, 33.78% of adolescents), high cognitive and low emotional relative deprivation (Class 2, 37.79% of adolescents), and high cognitive and emotional relative deprivation (Class 3, 28.43% of adolescents). Adolescents with low income and without parental accompaniment were more likely to be assigned to Classes 3 and 2. Compared with Class 1, Classes 3 and 2 had significant positive predictive effects on physical aggression, relational aggression, and overall aggressive behavior. The classes of relative deprivation influenced both physical and relational aggression, but not verbal aggression. Based on these findings, demographic characteristics and latent classes of relative deprivation should be considered together when developing interventions for aggressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Tian
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Haoyuan Zheng
- School of Teacher Education, Guangzhou Huashang College, Guangzhou 511300, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Kleszczewska D, Mazur J, Porwit K, Kowalewska A. Who Is Able to Resist What Is Forbidden?—The Relationship between Health Literacy and Risk Behaviours in Secondary School Students in the Broader Social and Educational Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159381. [PMID: 35954737 PMCID: PMC9368140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey conducted in Poland in 2018, a group of 17-year-old adolescents (n = 1663; mean age 17.63 ± 0.36 years) was included outside the international protocol. This allowed an assessment to be made of their level of health literacy (HL) using the 10-point HBSC research tool. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between HL and risk behaviours (RB). A standardised index of RB in the last 30 days was considered as an outcome measure. This index was significantly higher in the group with low HL (0.318 ± 1.269) in comparison with the group with high HL (−0.083 ± 0.962). In a multivariate linear regression model, the strongest predictors of RB were gender, academic performance and level of regional deprivation, but the association with HL remained significant. This significant association persisted in general schools and in girls but disappeared in vocational schools and in boys. It was also shown that in rural areas, good academic performance has a less significant impact on RB if the HL level is low. The analyses led to the conclusion that when examining the relationship between HL and RB in older adolescents, it is advisable to take into account gender, the educational track and neighbourhood characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kleszczewska
- Institute of Mother and Child Foundation, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-729 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Porwit
- Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Kowalewska
- Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland;
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Santos CJ, Paciência I, Ribeiro AI. Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Processes and Dynamics and Healthy Ageing: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116745. [PMID: 35682327 PMCID: PMC9180257 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elderly citizens are concentrated in urban areas and are particularly affected by the immediate residential environment. Cities are unequal and segregated places, where there is an intensification of urban change processes such as gentrification and displacement. We aimed to understand how neighbourhood socioeconomic processes and dynamics influence older people’s health. Three bibliographic databases—PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus—were used to identify evidence of the influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, socio-spatial segregation, urban renewal, and gentrification on healthy ageing. We followed the method of Arksey and O’Malley, Levac and colleagues, the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the PRISMA-ScR. The included studies (n = 122) were published between 2001 and 2021. Most evaluated neighbourhood deprivation (n = 114), followed by gentrification (n = 5), segregation (n = 2), and urban renewal (n = 1). Overall, older people living in deprived neighbourhoods had worse healthy ageing outcomes than their counterparts living in more advantaged neighbourhoods. Older adults pointed out more negative comments than positive ones for gentrification and urban renewal. As to segregation, the direction of the association was not entirely clear. In conclusion, the literature has not extensively analysed the effects of segregation, gentrification, and urban renewal on healthy ageing, and more quantitative and longitudinal studies should be conducted to draw better inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Jardim Santos
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-222-061-820
| | - Inês Paciência
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90570 Oulu, Finland;
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Mijs JJB, Nieuwenhuis J. Adolescents' future in the balance of family, school, and the neighborhood: A multidimensional application of two theoretical perspectives. SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY 2022; 103:534-549. [PMID: 35909797 PMCID: PMC9310715 DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Family, school, and neighborhood contexts provide cultural resources that may foster children's ambitions and bolster their academic performance. Reference group theory instead highlights how seemingly positive settings can depress educational aspirations, expectations, and performance. We test these competing claims. Methods We test these claims using the British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 4968). Results Results are broadly in line with the cultural resource perspective. However, important exceptions to this pattern point to reference group processes for children from low-educated parents, whose academic aspirations are especially low when they either attended an affluent school or lived in an affluent neighborhood-but not both, and for children from highly educated parents attending poor schools, whose realistic expectations of the future are higher than their peers in affluent schools. Conclusion The resource perspective strongly predicts adolescents' (ideas about) education, but reference group processes also play an important role in neighborhoods and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. B. Mijs
- Department of SociologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Public Administration and SociologyErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Nieuwenhuis
- Department of SociologyUniversity of Groningen, Groningenthe Netherlands
- Department of SociologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Ettman CK, Adam GP, Clark MA, Wilson IB, Vivier PM, Galea S. Wealth and depression: A scoping review. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2486. [PMID: 35134277 PMCID: PMC8933775 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inverse relation between income and depression is well established. Less is understood about the relation between wealth and depression. We therefore conducted a scoping review to answer the question: What is known from the existing literature about the relation between wealth and depression? METHODS We searched for studies and articles in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, EconLit, and SocINDEX from inception through July 19, 2020. Ninety-six articles were included in our review. Key article characteristics were year of publication, sample size, country, study design, definition of depression, definition of wealth, and association between wealth and depression. Thirty-two longitudinal articles were included in a detailed charted review. RESULTS Depression was defined in a relatively standard manner across articles. In contrast, definitions and measurements of wealth varied greatly. The majority of studies in the full review (n = 56, 58%) and half of the studies in the longitudinal charted review (n = 16, 50%) reported an inverse relation between wealth and depression. The longitudinal charted review showed that (1) macro-economic events influenced depression, (2) wealth status influenced depression across the lifecourse, (3) wealth protected against depression in the face of stressors such as job loss, (4) subjective or psychosocial factors such as perception of wealth, relative comparison, and social status modified the relation between wealth and depression, and (5) savings interventions were successful in reducing depression and varied by context. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that wealth should be included in our consideration of the forces that shape mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K Ettman
- Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Gaelen P Adam
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ira B Wilson
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Patrick M Vivier
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Pinchak NP, Swisher RR. Neighborhoods, Schools, and Adolescent Violence: Ecological Relative Deprivation, Disadvantage Saturation, or Cumulative Disadvantage? J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:261-277. [PMID: 35000029 PMCID: PMC8831473 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood and school socioeconomic "disadvantage" are consequential for youth violence perpetration. This study considers alternative ecological cumulative disadvantage, disadvantage saturation, and relative deprivation hypotheses regarding how the association between neighborhood disadvantage and violence varies by levels of socioeconomic disadvantage in schools. These hypotheses are tested with data from Wave I of Add Health (n = 15,581; 51% Female; Age mean = 15.67, SD = 1.74). Cross-classified multilevel Rasch models are used to estimate the interaction between neighborhood and school disadvantage in predicting adolescent violence. Consistent with the ecological relative deprivation hypothesis, results indicate that the association between neighborhood disadvantage and violence is most pronounced among youth attending low-disadvantage schools. Further, youth exposed to high-disadvantage neighborhoods and low-disadvantage schools tend to be at the greatest risk of perpetrating violence. These patterns are evident among both males and females, and particularly among older youth and those from low-parent education families. This study motivates future investigations considering how adolescents' experiences beyond the neighborhood shape how they engage with and experience the effects of their neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo P Pinchak
- Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Institute for Population Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Raymond R Swisher
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, MS 4.02.68, San Antonio, TX, 27860, USA
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Rudolph KE, Gimbrone C, Díaz I. Helped into Harm: Mediation of a Housing Voucher Intervention on Mental Health and Substance Use in Boys. Epidemiology 2021; 32:336-346. [PMID: 33783392 PMCID: PMC8015202 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions can have harmful effects among subgroups they intend to help. The Moving To Opportunity experiment, in which families were randomized to receive a Section 8 housing voucher, was one example. Voucher receipt generally resulted in better long-term mental health and lower substance use and risk behavior outcomes among adolescent girls, but resulted in worse outcomes among adolescent boys. Reasons for this discrepancy and the unintended harmful health effects for boys are unclear. We used mediation analysis to estimate processes through which voucher receipt was hypothesized to affect adolescent mental health and substance use. METHODS We used longitudinal data (10-15 years) on boys enrolled in Moving To Opportunity. We estimated interventional (also known as stochastic) indirect effects of voucher receipt on mental health and substance use outcomes through mediators capturing aspects of the school environment, neighborhood poverty, and instability of the social environment. We also estimated interventional direct effects not operating through these mediators. We used a robust, efficient, nonparametric substitution estimator in the targeted minimum loss-based framework. RESULTS Housing voucher receipt increased long-term risk of any diagnostic statistical manual disorder, any mood disorder, any externalizing disorder, and cigarette smoking among boys. The majority (between 69% and 90%) of the total negative long-term effects could be explained by indirect effects through the mediators considered. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that, even though the intervention had the desired effects on neighborhood poverty and the school environment, these "positives" ultimately negatively impacted the long-term mental health and behaviors of boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara E. Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Gimbrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Iván Díaz
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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12
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Nieuwenhuis J, Kleinepier T, van Ham M. The Role of Exposure to Neighborhood and School Poverty in Understanding Educational Attainment. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:872-892. [PMID: 33829400 PMCID: PMC8043918 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Because the demographic composition of neighborhoods and schools overlaps, their effects on educational attainment are not independent of each other. Throughout the early teenage years, the timing and duration of exposure to neighborhood and school contexts can vary, advocating for a longitudinal approach when studying schooling outcomes. This study uses Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children data (N = 4502; 49% female) to examine how exposure to poverty between ages 10–16 predicts educational attainment. The results indicate that enduring exposure to neighborhood poverty relates to educational attainment, while timing does not. For school poverty, longer exposure is related to lower attainment, but earlier exposure has a stronger impact than later exposure. Adolescents who were exposed to poverty in both contexts for the full observation period had the lowest educational attainment. The findings highlight the importance of understanding when and how long adolescents are exposed to contextual poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Maarten van Ham
- Delft University of Technology & University of St. Andrews, Julianalaan 134, Delft, the Netherlands
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13
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Nieuwenhuis J. Neighborhood social capital and adolescents' individual health development. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113417. [PMID: 33035765 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood social capital is argued to influence individual health. However, many studies do not make the distinction between individual level and group level social capital. Furthermore, many studies on this topic are cross-sectional studies based in Western countries. In this study I will examine health and neighborhood social capital by measuring social capital on both the individual and the aggregated neighborhood level. Data from two waves of the Taiwan Youth Project give a longitudinal perspective into the development of health of adolescents from northern Taiwan. The data consist of 2207 adolescents, with measures at ages 14 and 15. The adolescents are clustered within 39 neighborhoods. The results show that adolescents' individual level neighborhood social capital is related to their baseline health status, but not to changes in health status. Only neighborhood level social capital is related to changes in health status. More social capital in the neighborhood is related to positive changes in health status. To test whether the effect of neighborhood social capital changes, depending on how important the neighborhood context is in someone's life, I studied differential effects for adolescents with more or less alternative contacts outside of the neighborhood and the years adolescents resided in the neighborhood. The original results were not affected by these factors, suggesting that the relation between neighborhood social capital and health is pervasive, despite individuals' integration in the neighborhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Power SA, Madsen T, Morton TA. Relative deprivation and revolt: current and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 35:119-124. [PMID: 32674060 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We review research applying relative deprivation theory to comprehend social, economic, and political phenomena relating to social change. We highlight areas illuminated by relative deprivation and limitations of this contemporary research. Next, we outline four theoretical elaborations of relative deprivation theory to advance understanding of complex socio-economic and political processes of underlying rallies, riots, and revolutions. We end by suggesting methodological approaches and research agendas to understand psychological processes of social change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séamus A Power
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 København K, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 København K, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Morton
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 København K, Denmark
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15
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Ryabov I. Intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status: The role of neighborhood effects. J Adolesc 2020; 80:84-97. [PMID: 32087385 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little attention has been paid to the role of neighborhoods as a predictor of intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. This study uses a nationally representative, longitudinal sample from the United States to examine how neighborhoods impact racial/ethnic disparities in the intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. METHODS The study sample is derived from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The sample size comprises 13,738 participants (aged 15 at Wave 1; 51% female). Multilevel regression is used to predict racial/ethnic disparities in intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. Six neighborhood-level indicators are regressed on the indicators of intergenerational transmission of education, income and occupational prestige, while controlling for a range of individual socio-demographic variables. RESULTS Results reveal that: (1) African-American and Hispanic children are less likely to surpass their parents' levels of education, income and occupational prestige than Asian-Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic white children; (2) these racial/ethnic differences in intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status are attenuated but not fully explained by neighborhood-level indicators; (3) all but one of the neighborhood-level factors examined were significant in predicting the pace of intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS The implication of these results is that policies aimed at reducing inequalities between residential neighborhoods are likely to beneficially affect all racial/ethnic groups but are not sufficient in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ryabov
- Department of Sociology The University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, TX, 78539-2999, USA.
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16
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Stefanie Deluca, Susan Clampet-Lundquist & Kathryn Edin: Coming of Age in the Other America. J Youth Adolesc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Dennison CR, Swisher RR. Postsecondary Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Crime: An Examination of Life Course Relative Deprivation. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 2019; 65:215-238. [PMID: 31007271 PMCID: PMC6469862 DOI: 10.1177/0011128717753115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing importance of a college degree for economic stability, coupled with increasing educational inequality in the United States, suggest potential criminogenic implications for downward educational mobility. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this article examines the associations between intergenerational educational mobility, neighborhood disadvantage in adulthood, and crime. Drawing on the few extant studies of educational mobility and crime, as well as social comparison theory, it tests whether the consequences of downward educational mobility are moderated by neighborhood contexts. Results suggest that downward mobility is associated with increases in crime, and most strongly in more advantaged neighborhoods. The implications of these findings for future research on social mobility, education, and crime are discussed.
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18
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Lee JO, Jones TM, Yoon Y, Hackman DA, Yoo JP, Kosterman R. Young Adult Unemployment and Later Depression and Anxiety: Does Childhood Neighborhood Matter? J Youth Adolesc 2018; 48:30-42. [PMID: 30478821 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Young adulthood represents a developmental period with disproportionately heightened risk of losing a job. Young adult unemployment has been linked to increased mental health problems, at least in the short term. However, their possible long-term impacts, often referred as "scarring effects," have been understudied, possibly underestimating the magnitude of mental health burden that young adult unemployment generates. This longitudinal study examined whether duration of unemployment during young adulthood is associated with later mental health disorders, after accounting for mental and behavioral health problems in childhood. Furthermore, the current study investigated whether childhood neighborhood characteristics affect this association and if so, in what specific functional ways. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of developmental outcomes in a community sample in Seattle. Data collection began in 1985 when study participants were elementary students and involved yearly assessments in childhood and adolescence (ages 10-16) and then biennial or triennial assessments (ages 18-39; N = 677 at age 39; 47% European American, 26% African American, 22% Asian American, and 5% Native American; 49% female). The current study findings suggest that duration of unemployment across young adulthood increased mental health problems at age 39, regardless of gender. Childhood neighborhood characteristics, particularly their positive aspect, exerted independent impacts on adult mental health problems beyond unemployment experiences across young adulthood. The current findings indicate a needed shift in service profiles for unemployed young adults-a comprehensive approach that not only facilitates reemployment but also addresses mental health needs to help them to cope with job loss. Further, the present study findings suggest that childhood neighborhoods, particularly positive features such as positive neighborhood involvement, may represent concrete and malleable prevention targets that can curb mental health problems early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Las Angeles, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Yoewon Yoon
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Las Angeles, USA
| | - Daniel A Hackman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Las Angeles, USA
| | - Joan P Yoo
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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19
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20
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Kleinepier T, van Ham M. The Temporal Dynamics of Neighborhood Disadvantage in Childhood and Subsequent Problem Behavior in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1611-1628. [PMID: 29961241 PMCID: PMC6061086 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research on neighborhood effects has increasingly focused on how long children have lived in a deprived neighborhood during childhood (duration), but has typically ignored when in childhood the exposure occurred (timing) and whether neighborhood circumstances were improving or deteriorating (sequencing). In this article, the authors applied sequence analysis to simultaneously capture children’s duration, timing, and sequencing of exposure to neighborhood (dis)advantage in childhood. Logistic regression analysis was subsequently used to test how different patterns of exposure are related to teenage parenthood, school dropout, and delinquent behavior. Using register data from the Netherlands, an entire cohort was followed from birth in 1995 up until age 19 in 2014 (N = 168,645, 48.8% females, 83.2% native Dutch). Compared to children who had lived in a deprived neighborhood throughout childhood, children who were exposed to neighborhood deprivation only during adolescence were found to be equally likely to become a teenage parent and were even more likely to drop out of school. Unexpectedly, children who had lived in an affluent neighborhood throughout childhood were most likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kleinepier
- OTB-Research for the Built Environment, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5030, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten van Ham
- OTB-Research for the Built Environment, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5030, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.,School of Geography and Geoscience, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, Scotland
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21
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James Garbarino: Millers Children: Why Giving Teenage Killers a Second Chance Matters for All of Us. J Youth Adolesc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Too much or too little? A short-term longitudinal study of youth's own economic resources and risk behaviour. J Adolesc 2018; 66:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fish AJ. Cara H. Drinan, The War on Kids: How American Juvenile Justice Lost Its Way. J Youth Adolesc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Morris T, Manley D, Van Ham M. Context or composition: How does neighbourhood deprivation impact upon adolescent smoking behaviour? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192566. [PMID: 29420655 PMCID: PMC5805312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighbourhood effects studies have demonstrated an association between area deprivation and smoking behaviour whereby people living in deprived neighbourhoods are more likely to smoke than those in non-deprived neighbourhoods. This evidence though is based largely upon data that ignores long term exposures to neighbourhood contexts and is confounded by neighbourhood selection bias. In this study, we investigate the temporal ordering of exposure to neighbourhood deprivation throughout childhood and whether associations between neighbourhood deprivation and cigarette smoking are due to compositional or contextual neighbourhood effects. Data come from a UK cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We use longitudinal measures of neighbourhood deprivation and self-reported smoking behaviour for 2744 children to examine the influence of neighbourhood deprivation on smoking status and smoking heaviness at age 17. Our results demonstrate that children who are born into and grow up in deprived neighbourhoods are up to twice as likely to be smokers at age 17 than those in non-deprived neighbourhoods. These associations are largely due to family socioeconomic position and the intergenerational transmission of smoking behaviour from parents to children; compositional rather than direct contextual ‘neighbourhood effects’. Our findings highlight the importance of considering longitudinal exposure to neighbourhood deprivation over cross sectional exposure. In conclusion, we find that it is the family rather than the neighbourhood into which a child is born that determines their smoking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Morris
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David Manley
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- OTB—Research for the Built Environment, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Van Ham
- OTB—Research for the Built Environment, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
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Chiavegatto Filho ADP, Sampson L, Martins SS, Yu S, Huang Y, He Y, Lee S, Hu C, Zaslavsky A, Kessler RC, Galea S. Neighbourhood characteristics and mental disorders in three Chinese cities: multilevel models from the World Mental Health Surveys. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017679. [PMID: 29025841 PMCID: PMC5652513 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rapid growth of urban areas in China in the past few decades has introduced profound changes in family structure and income distribution that could plausibly affect mental health. Although multilevel studies of the influence of area-level socioeconomic factors on mental health have become more common in other parts of the world, a study of this sort has not been carried out in Chinese cities. Our objectives were to examine the associations of two key neighbourhood-level variables-median income and percentage of married individuals living in the neighbourhood-with mental disorders net of individual-level income and marital status in three Chinese cities. SETTING Household interviews in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, PRC, as part of the cross-sectional World Mental Health Surveys. PARTICIPANTS 4072 men and women aged 18-88 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Lifetime and past-year internalising and externalising mental disorders. RESULTS Each one-point increase in neighbourhood-level percentage of married residents was associated with a 1% lower odds of lifetime (p=0.024) and 2% lower odds of past-year (p=0.008) individual-level externalising disorder, net of individual-level marital status. When split into tertiles, individuals living in neighbourhoods in the top tertile of percentage of married residents had 54% lower odds of a past-year externalising disorder (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.87) compared with those in the bottom tertile. Neighbourhood-level marital status was not statistically associated with either lifetime or past-year internalising disorders. Neighbourhood-level income was not statistically associated with odds of either internalising or externalising disorders. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of married residents in respondents' neighbourhoods was significantly inversely associated with having externalising mental disorders in this sample of Chinese cities. Possible mechanisms for this finding are discussed and related to social causation, social selection and social control theories. Future work should examine these relationships longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Shui Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alan Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
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