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Nguyen-Louie TT, Thompson WK, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A, Gonzalez C, Eberson-Shumate SC, Wade NE, Clark DB, Nagel BJ, Baker FC, Luna B, Nooner KB, de Zambotti M, Goldston DB, Knutson B, Pohl KM, Tapert SF. Multi-dimensional predictors of first drinking initiation and regular drinking onset in adolescence: A prospective longitudinal study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101424. [PMID: 39089172 PMCID: PMC11342118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Early adolescent drinking onset is linked to myriad negative consequences. Using the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) baseline to year 8 data, this study (1) leveraged best subsets selection and Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to identify the most robust predictors of adolescent first and regular drinking onset, and (2) examined the clinical utility of drinking onset in forecasting later binge drinking and withdrawal effects. Baseline predictors included youth psychodevelopmental characteristics, cognition, brain structure, family, peer, and neighborhood domains. Participants (N=538) were alcohol-naïve at baseline. The strongest predictors of first and regular drinking onset were positive alcohol expectancies (Hazard Ratios [HRs]=1.67-1.87), easy home alcohol access (HRs=1.62-1.67), more parental solicitation (e.g., inquiring about activities; HRs=1.72-1.76), and less parental control and knowledge (HRs=.72-.73). Robust linear regressions showed earlier first and regular drinking onset predicted earlier transition into binge and regular binge drinking (βs=0.57-0.95). Zero-inflated Poisson regressions revealed that delayed first and regular drinking increased the likelihood (Incidence Rate Ratios [IRR]=1.62 and IRR=1.29, respectively) of never experiencing withdrawal. Findings identified behavioral and environmental factors predicting temporal paths to youthful drinking, dissociated first from regular drinking initiation, and revealed adverse sequelae of younger drinking initiation, supporting efforts to delay drinking onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Institute, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Camila Gonzalez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Natasha E Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Massimiliano de Zambotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David B Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Martin-Storey A, Zhao Z, Toomey RB, Syvertsen AK. Sexual Minority Identity and Risky Alcohol Use: the Moderating Role of Aggressive Behavior. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02057-9. [PMID: 39037558 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use has significant consequences for concurrent and longitudinal health and wellbeing, with sexual minority youth consistently reporting higher levels of alcohol use than their heterosexual peers. Understanding how individual-difference variables like aggressive behavior are associated with variability in sexual minority adolescents' higher levels of alcohol use offers novel theoretical insight into this vulnerability. The 81,509 participants were drawn from the Profiles of Student life: Attitudes and Behavior Study. They were ages 14-17 years (M = 15.38, SD = 1.09) and 50.1% were cisgender girls. For sexual identity, 88% were heterosexual, 5% were mostly heterosexual, were 4% bisexual, were 1% mostly gay or lesbian, and were 1% being gay or lesbian. Participants reported on alcohol use, aggressive behavior, and sexual identity. Gay/lesbian and mostly gay/lesbian adolescents who reported higher aggressive behavior had higher levels of alcohol use than their heterosexual peers who also reported higher aggressive behavior. The way in which aggressive behavior amplified the link between mostly gay/lesbian and gay/lesbian identities and alcohol use suggests the need for more research examining how this trait may heighten both exposure and reaction to minority stressors among some subgroups of sexual minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Martin-Storey
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles Le Moyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhao
- Psychology Department, Fordham University; 439 Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Russell B Toomey
- Norton School of Human Ecology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Amy K Syvertsen
- American Institutes for Research, 2150 River Plaza Drive, Suite 185, Sacramento, CA, 95833, USA
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Kim S, Lefevor GT, Skidmore SJ. Mitigating the Impact of Religiously Based Family Expectations on Depression Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: The Role of Authenticity. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39028857 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2378745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Although it is clear that religious beliefs can motivate family rejection among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs), ultimately harming their mental health, researchers have not examined the direct link between religiously based family expectations and mental health. In the present study, we first developed the Religiously Based Family Expectations Scale. The scale demonstrated good reliability and factor structure. It evidenced convergent and divergent validity with other measures of religiousness and sexual identity, as well as incremental validity in predicting mental health outcomes above and beyond these measures. Next, we examined how religiously based family expectations related to depression in a sample of 534 SGMs with a conservative religious background (raised as part of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints). We found that religiously based family expectations were positively related to depression but that this relationship was moderated by authenticity such that religiously based family expectations exerted a much stronger relationship with depression among SGMs who evidenced less authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungju Kim
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, USA
| | - G Tyler Lefevor
- Psychology Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Romm KF, McDonald S, DiLissio E, Dearfield C, Berg CJ. Disparities in Cannabis Use among Female and Male Sexual Minority Young Adults in the US: The Role of Parenting Behaviors. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2024; 7:163-176. [PMID: 38975593 PMCID: PMC11225982 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2024/000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Despite cannabis use disparities among sexual minority (SM; vs. heterosexual) young adults (SMYAs), little research has explored social influences contributing to these disparities. This study examined sexual identity subgroup differences in parenting behaviors and associations among parenting behaviors and cannabis use behaviors among YA subgroups. Methods Participants were female (N=416; 44.7% bisexual, 7.2% lesbian) and male (N=228; 11.0% bisexual, 13.2% gay) YAs (ages 18-29) recruited via social media from 6 US cities. Bivariate analyses examined differences in perceived parenting (psychological control, behavioral control, knowledge, autonomy support, warmth, communication, cannabis disapproval), any past-month (current) cannabis use, and current cannabis use frequency across sexual identity subgroups. Multivariable regression examined associations among sexual identity and parenting behaviors with cannabis use outcomes. Results Among female YAs, bisexual (vs. heterosexual) YAs had greater odds of cannabis use, reported more frequent use, and reported greater parental psychological control and less behavioral control, autonomy support, warmth, and communication; greater psychological control was associated with both outcomes; less autonomy support was associated with current use; and less warmth and communication were associated with use frequency. Among male YAs, gay and bisexual (vs. heterosexual) YAs had greater odds of current use and reported more frequent use and greater psychological control; gay (vs. heterosexual) YAs reported greater behavioral control and less autonomy support, warmth, and communication; and greater psychological control and less warmth and communication were associated with both outcomes. Conclusions Cannabis prevention/cessation programs should target specific parenting behaviors that differentially impact cannabis use outcomes among specific SMYA subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F. Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Sunny McDonald
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Department of Psychology, Rose State College
| | - Emma DiLissio
- Department of Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Craig Dearfield
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University
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5
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Parnes JE, Le TP, Mereish EH, Miranda R. Daily associations between resilience factors, substance use, and affect among sexual minority youth. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024:2024-54430-001. [PMID: 38358656 PMCID: PMC11324862 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Past research has highlighted that sexual minority youth (SMY) are at particular risk for heightened substance use compared to their heterosexual peers; however, few studies have investigated the associations between resilience factors and substance use among SMY. In the present preregistered study, we examined the associations among three different forms of resilience factors (i.e., general social support, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-identity affirmation, LGBTQ community involvement) and alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use, as well as on positive and negative affect. METHOD SMY (n = 82, ages 15-19, 56.1% cisgender women, 84.4% White) completed a baseline assessment then a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study. Multilevel regression models evaluated within-day and between-person associations between resilience factors and odds of substance use (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis), substance use quantity on use days (alcohol, cannabis), positive affect, and negative affect. RESULTS On the day level, general social support was associated with greater positive affect, lesser negative affect, and greater drinks on drinking days. LGBTQ-identity affirmation was associated with greater positive affect, lesser negative affect, and greater odds of nicotine use. LGBTQ community involvement was associated with greater positive affect. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the nuanced ways that resilience may engender more positive affect and reduce negative affect while simultaneously promoting substance use. Future research disentangling the mechanisms connecting resilience and substance use among SMY is necessary. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Parnes
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | | | - Ethan H Mereish
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Robert Miranda
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
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Romm KF, Dopke C, Price OA, Pannell A, Williams R, Berg CJ. Parental influences on tobacco use and likelihood of future use among sexual minority young adult men and women in the United States. Am J Addict 2023; 32:450-459. [PMID: 36960484 PMCID: PMC10674051 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Limited research has examined mechanisms, including parenting behaviors, contributing to tobacco use disparities among sexual minority young adults (SMYAs). METHODS Participants were 644 young adult (ages 18-29; 36.5% racial/ethnic minority) women (N = 416; 44.7% bisexual, 7.2% lesbian, 48.1% heterosexual) and men (N = 288; 11.0% bisexual, 13.2% gay, 75.9% heterosexual). Bivariate analyses examined differences among sex-by-sexual identity subgroups in perceived parenting (psychological control, behavioral control, knowledge, autonomy support, warmth, communication), past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, and cigar use, and likelihood of future use. Multivariable regression examined associations of sexual identity subgroup and parenting behaviors to tobacco use outcomes among women and men. RESULTS Bisexual (vs. heterosexual) women reported greater parental psychological control and less autonomy support, warmth, and communication. Bisexual (vs. heterosexual) women had greater odds of past 30-day cigarette and cigar use and greater likelihood of future cigarette and e-cigarette use, and parenting behaviors were associated with past 30-day cigarette (knowledge, warmth), e-cigarette (psychological control, autonomy support, warmth), and cigar use (behavioral control, warmth) and likelihood of future cigarette (psychological control, warmth) and e-cigarette use (autonomy support, communication). Gay (vs. heterosexual) men reported greater parental behavioral control, less knowledge, autonomy support, warmth, and communication. Sexual identity and parenting behaviors were largely not associated with tobacco use among men. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the role of parenting behaviors as potential mechanisms contributing to tobacco use disparities among SMYA women. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Tobacco prevention/cessation programs should be tailored toward specific SMYA subgroups, combinations of parenting behaviors, and patterns of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Campbell Dopke
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Olga A Price
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alexandria Pannell
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - River Williams
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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7
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Rosales R, Zelaya DG, Moreno O, Figuereo V, Chavez SJ, Ordoñez S, Costas I, Ponce M, Miranda R. Latinx Sexual Minority Adolescent Substance Use: State of the Science and Call for Intersectional Minority Stressors and Protective Factors. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:396-411. [PMID: 38774111 PMCID: PMC11104555 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of review Latinx sexual minority adolescents (LSMA) are at an intersection of ethnic and sexual minority (SM) status and may experience heighten risk of substance use and related problems. These youth may also hold unique protective factors that help mitigate the effects of minority stress and curb substance use. Little is known, however, about the intersectional minority stressors (i.e., due to ethnicity and SM status) and protective factors related to substance use among this population. Recent Findings According to the minority stress model, there are unique minority stressors and resiliency factors that can help explain differences in behavioral health rates between white SM and SM of color. Research supports the notion that minority stressors (e.g., stigma/risk, homophobic bullying, and family rejection of SM status) confer risk for substance use among LSMA. In terms of resilience, less is known, but there may be some protective factors that have not been measured that could explain lower rates in some substances (i.e., club drugs and methamphetamine). Summary Little is known about how the intersections of ethnicity and SM status are associated with substance use in adolescence. Future research should assess the temporal relationship of multilevel (i.e., intrapersonal, relational, and system), intersectional (i.e., ethnicity and SM status) minority stressors and protective factors unique to LSMA on substance use. We propose that the findings from these future studies will help to create socioculturally appropriate behavioral health treatments that consider the intersectional risks and strengths within the LSMA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rosales
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David G Zelaya
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Oswaldo Moreno
- Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Humanities & Sciences, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Victor Figuereo
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah J Chavez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sophia Ordoñez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Isabel Costas
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Ponce
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert Miranda
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
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Haik AK, Hussong AM. Problematic Substance Use among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Young Adults during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 37622795 PMCID: PMC10451818 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs), compared to heterosexual young adults (HYAs), are a uniquely high-risk population for problematic substance use, a disparity perhaps exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested whether SMYAs had more problematic substance use than HYAs during the pandemic due to isolation and loneliness as well as lower family closeness. Participants (N = 141) aged 23-29 completed self-report surveys in 2014-2015 as college students and in the summer of 2021 as young adults (59% White, 26% Black/African American, 9% Asian/Middle Eastern, 6% Hispanic/Latino, and <1% American Indian/Alaska Native). Results of multivariate regression and multiple group path analyses did not support hypothesized effects-SMYAs did not have greater increases in problematic substance use compared to HYAs, isolation and loneliness were not significant mediators, and family closeness was not a significant moderator. However, SMYAs experienced a lack of social safety-increased loneliness and decreased family closeness-compared to HYAs. Further research is needed to investigate both the impact and underlying processes of this decreased social safety on SMYA well-being beyond the pandemic to better inform tailored supports and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Haik
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA;
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9
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Nagata JM, Lee CM, Yang JH, Kiss O, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Al-Shoaibi AAA, Baker FC. Sexual Orientation Disparities in Early Adolescent Sleep: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. LGBT Health 2023. [PMID: 36944127 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sexual minority status (e.g., gay or bisexual) and sleep problems in a demographically diverse, national sample of U.S. early adolescents. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Year 2, 2018-2020) to estimate associations between sexual orientation and sleep problems or disturbance, adjusting for confounders and testing potential mediators (depressive problems, stress problems, family conflict, and parental monitoring). Results: In a sample of 8563 adolescents 10- to 14-years-old, 4.4% identified as sexual minority individuals. Sexual minority status was associated with self-reported trouble falling or staying asleep (risk ratio [RR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.88-2.68) and caregiver-reported sleep disturbance (RR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.29-1.75). The association between sexual minority status and trouble falling or staying asleep was partially mediated by greater depressive problems, more family conflict, and less parental monitoring, whereas the association between sexual minority status and caregiver-reported sleep disturbance was partially mediated by greater depressive problems, higher stress, and greater family conflict. Conclusions: Our results indicate that sexual minority status may be linked to sleep disturbance in early adolescence. Depressive problems, stress, family conflict, and less parental monitoring partially mediate disparities in sleep health for sexual minority youth. Future research could test interventions to promote family and caregiver acceptance and mental health support for sexual minority youth to improve their sleep and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Lee
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanne H Yang
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abubakr A A Al-Shoaibi
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ford CA, Pool AC, Kahn NF, Jaccard J, Halpern CT. Associations Between Mother-Adolescent and Father-Adolescent Relationships and Young Adult Health. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e233944. [PMID: 36943264 PMCID: PMC10031392 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Studies linking the quality of parent-adolescent relationships with young adult health outcomes could inform investments to support these complex relationships. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether consistently measured, modifiable characteristics of parent-adolescent relationships are associated with young adult health across multiple domains. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used data from waves I (1994-1995; ages 12-17 years) and IV (2008-2009; ages 24-32 years) of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Of 20 745 adolescents enrolled in wave I, 15 701 of 19 560 who were eligible completed wave IV (response rate, 80.3%). Data analyses were conducted from February 2019 to November 2020. EXPOSURES Parental warmth, parent-adolescent communication, time together, relationship and communication satisfaction, academic expectations, and maternal inductive discipline as reported at wave I by adolescent participants. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Wave IV participant-reported self-rated health, depression, stress, optimism, nicotine dependence, substance abuse symptoms (alcohol, cannabis, or other drugs), unintended pregnancy, romantic relationship quality, physical violence, and alcohol-related injury. Separate regression models were run for mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationships while controlling for age, biological sex, race and ethnicity, parental educational level, family structure, and child maltreatment experiences. RESULTS A total of 10 744 participants (mean [SD] age at wave IV, 28.2 [1.8] years; 52.0% female; 67.3% non-Hispanic White) and 8214 participants (mean [SD] age at wave IV, 28.2 [1.8] years; 50.8% female; 71.9% non-Hispanic White) had valid sampling weights and complete data for mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationship characteristics, respectively. Adolescents who reported higher levels of mother-adolescent warmth (β = 0.11 [95% CI, 0.06-0.15]), communication (β = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.00-0.04]), time together (β = 0.07 [95% CI, 0.05-0.09]), academic expectations (β = 0.05 [95% CI, 0.02-0.08]), relationship or communication satisfaction (β = 0.07 [95% CI, 0.04-0.10]), and inductive discipline (β = 0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.05]) reported significantly higher levels of self-rated general health in young adulthood. Adolescents who reported higher levels of father-adolescent warmth (β = 0.07 [95% CI, 0.03-0.11]), communication (β = 0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.05]), time together (β = 0.06 [95% CI, 0.03-0.08]), academic expectations (β = 0.04 [95% CI, 0.01-0.06]), and relationship satisfaction (β = 0.07 [95% CI, 0.04-0.10]) also reported significantly higher levels of self-rated general health in young adulthood. Adolescents reporting higher levels of all exposures also reported significantly higher levels of optimism and romantic relationship quality in young adulthood (β coefficient range, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.00-0.04] to 0.24 [95% CI, 0.15-0.34]) and lower levels of stress and depressive symptoms (β coefficient range, -0.07 [95% CI, -0.12 to -0.02] to -0.48 [95% CI, -0.61 to -0.35]). Higher levels of parental warmth, time together, and relationship or communication satisfaction were significantly associated with lower levels of nicotine dependence (odds ratio range, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72-0.85] to 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81-0.98]) and substance abuse symptoms (incidence rate ratio range, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.50-0.73] to 0.94 [95% CI, 0.89-0.99]), as well as lower odds of unintended pregnancy (odds ratio range, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74-0.88] to 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-0.99]). Patterns were less consistent for physical violence and alcohol-related injury. Characteristics of mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationships were similarly associated with young adult outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that adolescents' positive perceptions of their relationships with their mothers and fathers are associated with a wide range of favorable outcomes in young adulthood. Investments in improving parent-adolescent relationships may have substantial benefits for young adult population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Ford
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Center for Parent and Teen Communication at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew C Pool
- Center for Parent and Teen Communication at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole F Kahn
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - James Jaccard
- Silver School of Social Work at New York University, New York
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Pollitt AM, Fish JN, Watson RJ. Measurement equivalence of family acceptance/rejection among sexual and gender minority youth by disclosure status. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:195-202. [PMID: 36634006 PMCID: PMC9928906 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Family acceptance is a crucial component of healthy development during adolescence, especially for sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) who often fear rejection from family members. Studies focused on SGMY family environments often utilize broad measures that fail to capture SGMY-specific aspects of family acceptance and rejection. Less research has considered how the measurement of family acceptance and rejection might differ depending on whether SGMY have disclosed their sexual and/or gender identities to their parents. We used data from a national nonprobability sample of 9,127 SGMY in the United States who had either disclosed (n = 6,683) or not disclosed (n = 2,444) their sexual and/or gender identities to parents to test the factor structure of an eight-item measure of family acceptance and rejection and differences by disclosure status. A two-factor, negatively correlated model reflecting constructs of family acceptance and family rejection was equivalent across disclosure groups. Youth who had disclosed their identity reported greater acceptance and less rejection and showed a stronger negative association between the two constructs than nondisclosed youth. Family acceptance, but not rejection, had higher variability among disclosed youth than nondisclosed youth. Results suggest that the family environments of SGMY are simultaneously characterized by accepting and rejecting behaviors. Though families of disclosed youth appear to be more accepting and less rejecting, the experiences of these youth are complex. Findings suggest that research on SGMY family environment must consider both supportive and undermining behaviors and that the measures assessed here operate similarly for youth based on disclosure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Pollitt
- Department of Health Sciences, Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University
| | - Jessica N. Fish
- Department of Family Science, Prevention Research Center, University of Maryland
| | - Ryan J. Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut
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Rowe J, Chananna J, Cunningham S, Harkness KL. Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Maltreatment in Childhood Are Differentially Associated With Sexual and Physical Revictimization in Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3806-3830. [PMID: 35866465 PMCID: PMC9850393 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment increases risk for sexual and physical revictimization in adulthood. The goal of the current study was to examine whether this risk is associated with specific maltreatment types (i.e., sexual vs. physical vs. emotional maltreatment vs. neglect) and perpetrators (i.e., mother vs. father). Participants included 720 adult women from North America and the United Kingdom, recruited through the online platform Prolific Academic. The severity of childhood maltreatment and adult physical and sexual victimization were assessed in two separate sessions through self-report questionnaires. All maltreatment types were modeled together to account for their co-occurrence. Greater severity of sexual maltreatment was significantly and independently associated with greater risk for sexual, physical, and sexual + physical revictimization. Further, in the full sample, risk of revictimization was predicted by greater severity of father-perpetrated emotional and physical maltreatment. In contrast, in subgroup analyses focusing on plurisexual (i.e., bi/pansexual) women, risk of revictimization was predicted by greater severity of mother-perpetrated emotional and physical maltreatment. These results suggest that girls with sexual and emotional maltreatment histories are at highest risk for revictimization. Future research identifying the biological, psychological, and social sequelae of these specific exposures may enable the development of specific intervention programs that have the potential for maximum efficacy in preventing further violence against women most at risk.
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13
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Parnes JE, Mereish EH, Meisel SN, Treloar Padovano H, Miranda R. In the Presence of Parents: Parental Heterosexism and Momentary Negative Affect and Substance Craving Among Sexual Minority Youth. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:230-236. [PMID: 36473778 PMCID: PMC10262696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the influence of parental heterosexism on in vivo negative affect and substance craving among sexual minority youth (SMY) who use nicotine and other substances, and if that relation was strengthened when in the presence of their parent(s). METHODS SMY (n = 42, ages 15-19) completed baseline assessments, including experiences of parental heterosexism (PH), and a 30-day ecological momentary assessment. Ecological momentary assessment reports included affective states (i.e., anger, anxiety, depression), substance craving (i.e., nicotine, cannabis, alcohol), and other contextual factors (e.g., presence of parents). Multilevel logistic regression models evaluated the study hypotheses. RESULTS PH was associated with greater odds of reporting in-the-moment anger, depression, cannabis craving, and alcohol craving. Parental presence was associated with lower odds of reporting anxiety or depression, and greater odds of reporting nicotine craving. There was a significant interaction when predicting the odds of reporting anxiety. For SMY low in PH, parental presence was related to lower odds of reporting anxiety. As PH increased, parental presence had diminishing associations with the odds of reporting anxiety. DISCUSSION Parenting behaviors can serve as protective and risk factors for negative affect and substance craving among SMY. Improving family-based interventions for SMY may be integral for enhancing healthy development and reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Parnes
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island
| | - Ethan H Mereish
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Samuel N Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island
| | - Hayley Treloar Padovano
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Robert Miranda
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island
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Luk JW, Yu J, Haynie DL, Goldstein RB, Simons-Morton BG, Gilman SE. A Nationally Representative Study of Sexual Orientation and High-Risk Drinking From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:222-229. [PMID: 36456451 PMCID: PMC9832524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether peer drunkenness, parental knowledge about their adolescent's whereabouts and behaviors, and depressive symptoms contribute to sexual orientation disparities in high-risk drinking behaviors; if they do, they would be potential intervention targets. METHODS Longitudinal survey data from 2,051 adolescents who participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study were analyzed. Latent growth curve and longitudinal path analyses were used to test for indirect effects linking sexual orientation in 11th grade (3.4% males and 8.4% females were sexual minorities) to past 30-day heavy episodic drinking (HED) over 6 years and past year high-intensity binge drinking at 4 years after high school. RESULTS Sexual minority males were not more likely to engage in high-risk drinking than heterosexual males. In contrast, sexual minority females were more likely than heterosexual females to engage in HED when they were in 11th grade (Odds Ratio = 2.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.43, 5.61), in part because of lower parental knowledge. Sexual minority females also had higher depressive symptoms during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, which in turn was associated with greater risk of high-intensity binge drinking in young adulthood. Peer drunkenness was a strong risk factor for HED and high-intensity binge drinking among both males and females. DISCUSSION Sexual minority females reported lower levels of parental knowledge during adolescence and higher levels of depressive symptoms during the transition to young adulthood than heterosexual females. Both factors were associated with high-risk drinking behavior, suggesting developmentally sensitive opportunities to mitigate sexual orientation disparities in high-risk drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland; Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Jing Yu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise L Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Risë B Goldstein
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bruce G Simons-Morton
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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McCabe SE, Hughes TL, Fish JN, Hoak S, Kcomt L, Evans-Polce RJ, Engstrom C, Leary K, Veliz P, West BT, McCabe VV, Boyd CJ. Is it all in the family? Sexual identity differences in DSM-5 alcohol and other drug use disorders and associations with alcohol and other drug misuse history among parents, offspring, and other relatives. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1277-1285. [PMID: 35849748 PMCID: PMC10469272 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2095080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate the prevalence of family history of alcohol and other drug (AOD) misuse (positive family history [FH+]) in first- and second-degree relatives across sexual identity subgroups (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, heterosexual); (2) compare AOD misuse among offspring of sexual minority and heterosexual parents; and (3) examine the relationships between FH+ and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other drug use disorder (ODUD) across sexual identity subgroups. Methods: Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 36,309 non-institutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years). Data collection occurred in households using structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews during 2012-2013. Results: The presence of FH+ in first- and second-degree relatives was most prevalent among bisexual women relative to all other sexual orientation subgroups. Multivariable regression analyses indicated that the odds of AUD and ODUD were higher among FH+ adults relative to negative family history (FH-) adults. Lesbian and bisexual women had higher odds of AUD compared to heterosexual women, controlling for any FH+; this sexual identity difference was not found for men. There were no significant differences in ODUD between heterosexual FH- men and gay FH- men. We found differences in AOD misuse among offspring of bisexual parents, but not gay or lesbian parents compared to heterosexual parents. Conclusions: Health professionals should consider the higher likelihood of a family history of AOD misuse among sexual minorities, especially bisexual women, when treating these individuals. The lack of differences in AOD misuse among offspring of gay or lesbian parents relative to heterosexual parents warrants attention for legal, policy, and clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tonda L. Hughes
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica N. Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sebastian Hoak
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Luisa Kcomt
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Evans-Polce
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Curtiss Engstrom
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kate Leary
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip Veliz
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brady T. West
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vita V. McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol J. Boyd
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tucker X, Berona J, Hipwell AE, Keenan K. A Longitudinal Study of Differences in Perceived Parenting Practices Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Girls. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:696-703. [PMID: 34553447 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parental warmth and control are consistent and persistent correlates of adolescent health and may be particularly important for sexual minority girls, who experience higher rates of adverse health outcomes than their heterosexual peers. Differences in perceptions of parental trust, positivity, supervision, and discipline from ages 11-17 years were examined between sexual minority and heterosexual girls using data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a longitudinal, community-based study. Results indicated that sexual minority girls reported lower levels of parental trust and positivity compared to heterosexual girls beginning in mid-adolescence; differences in supervision were present at age 11 years and persisted over time. Further investigation of this perceived difference is warranted given the importance of familial support for health promotion.
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Martin-Storey A, Dirks M, Holfeld B, Dryburgh NSJ, Craig W. Family relationship quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: The value of adolescent perceptions of change. J Adolesc 2021; 93:190-201. [PMID: 34801811 PMCID: PMC8585638 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents typically spend decreasing amounts of time with family members, but the COVID-19 pandemic changed this pattern for many youth. The objective of the current study was to better understand adolescents' perceived change in family relationship quality, and how these perceptions were related to psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for more traditional measures of family relationship quality. Understanding how adolescents perceived change in relationship quality with family members during the pandemic offers novel insight into adolescents' relationships with their families and psychosocial functioning during this period. METHOD A sample of Canadian adolescents (N = 605, ages 14 to 18, 53% girls), was employed to examine patterns of adolescents' perceived change in relationship quality with parents and siblings since the start of the pandemic, accounting for relationship quality, pandemic-related characteristics, and demographic variables. RESULTS Four latent profiles were identified: youth who perceived (1) low change, (2) improvement only, (3) moderate instability and (4) high instability in relationship quality. Higher perceived instability was associated with poorer functioning, with youth who reported only improvement reporting the highest overall level of functioning. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent perceptions of change in relationship quality were heterogeneous, and contribute to psychosocial functioning over and above their general evaluations of relationship quality. In particular, youth who perceive considerable change in their relationships with siblings and parents may require additional support in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Martin-Storey
- Group de Recherche et d'intervention sur les adaptations sociales de l'enfance, département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles Lemoyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Brett Holfeld
- Psychology Program, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Nicole S J Dryburgh
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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