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Prociak T, Bogdal D, Kuranska M, Dlugosz O, Kubik M. The Effect of Rapeseed Oil Biopolyols and Cellulose Biofillers on Selected Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3357. [PMID: 38998437 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on polyurethane viscoelastic foams (PUVFs) modified with biomaterials. This investigation looked at the effect of the biomaterials on the foaming processes, as well as the acoustical and selected physical-mechanical properties of the foams. Various types of rapeseed oil biopolyols and microcellulose were used to modify the materials. The analysis of properties covered a reference biopolyol-free sample and materials containing 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.% of different types of biopolyols in the mixture of polyol components. The biopolyols differed in terms of functionality and hydroxyl value (OHv). Next, a selected formulation was modified with various microcellulose biofillers in the amount of 0.5-2 wt.%. The PUVFs, with apparent densities of more than 210 kg/m3 and open-cell structures (more than 85% of open cells), showed a slow recovery to their original shape after deformation when the pressure force was removed. They were also characterized by a tensile strength in the range of 156-264 kPa, elongation at break of 310-510%, hardness of 8.1-23.1 kPa, and a high comfort factor of 3.1-7.1. The introduction of biopolyols into the polyurethane system resulted in changes in sound intensity levels of up to 31.45%, while the addition of fillers resulted in changes in sound intensity levels of up to 13.81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Prociak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Stanmark, Halki 6/1, 30-228 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bogdal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Maria Kuranska
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Olga Dlugosz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mark Kubik
- Stanmark, Halki 6/1, 30-228 Cracow, Poland
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2
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Rabelo Aparício R, Machado Dos Santos G, Siqueira Magalhães Rebelo V, Mansanares Giacon V, Gomes da Silva C. Performance of castor oil polyurethane resin in composite with the piassava fibers residue from the Amazon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6679. [PMID: 38509122 PMCID: PMC10955110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of castor oil in producing polyurethane resins has been identified as one of the most promising options for the industry. The piassava fibers waste generated by the industry on a large scale presents excellent properties as a reinforcing agent due to its high lignin content characterized by chemical tests and FTIR. Composite boards consisting of a higher content of mercerized piassava fibers (10 mm, 85 wt.%) reinforced polyurethane castor oil-based resin (prepolymer (PP) and polyol (OM)) exhibited excellent performance. Composites with these properties have strong potential for medium-density applications ranging from biomedical prosthetics to civil partition walls and insulation linings. Alkali treatment removed the superficial impurities of piassava fibers, activating polar groups, and physical characterization reported excellent performance for all composites. Among the composites, the CP3 sample (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 1.2:1-PP:OM)) stood out with higher density and lower swelling and water absorption percentage than other composites. FTIR results indicated NCO traces after the resin cured in the PU3 (1.2:1-PP:OM), possibly contributing to the interaction with the fibers. DMA results reported relevant information about more flexibility to CP1 (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 0.8:1-PP:OM)) and CP3 than CP2 (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 1:1-PP:OM)). The results suggest that the proper combination with natural products must lead to composites with potential applications as engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosinaldo Rabelo Aparício
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Machado Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Virgínia Mansanares Giacon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gomes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
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Alshabebi AS, Alrashed MM, El Blidi L, Haider S. Preparation of Bio-Based Polyurethane Coating from Citrullus colocynthis Seed Oil: Characterization and Corrosion Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38257013 PMCID: PMC10818284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new epoxidized oil from Citrullus colocynthis seed oil (CCSO) was obtained for a potential application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings. Initially, the fatty acid composition of CCSO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, the epoxidation of CCSO was performed with in situ generated peracetic acid, which was formed with hydrogen peroxide (30 wt.%) and glacial acetic acid and catalyzed with sulfuric acid. The reaction was continued at a molar ratio of 1.50:1.0 of hydrogen peroxide to double bond (H2O2:DB) for 6 h at a controlled temperature of 60 °C. The resulting epoxidized oil was then used to produce a bio-based polyol by hydroxylation. The molar ratio of epoxy groups to methanol and distilled water was maintained at 1:11:2, and the reaction was carried out for 2 h at a controlled temperature of 65 °C. The major functional groups of the epoxidized oil and its polyol were validated by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. A polyurethane (PU) coating was produced from the synthesized polyol and 3HDI isocyanurate, keeping the molar ratio of NCO:OH at 1:1. The resulting PU coating was then applied to glass and aluminum panels (Al 1001). After the film was cured, the properties of the PU coating were evaluated using various techniques including pencil hardness, pendulum hardness, adhesion, gloss, chemical resistance, and EIS tests. The results show that the PU coating obtained from CCSO is a promising new raw material for coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lahssen El Blidi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
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Scheelje FCM, Meier MAR. Non-isocyanate polyurethanes synthesized from terpenes using thiourea organocatalysis and thiol-ene-chemistry. Commun Chem 2023; 6:239. [PMID: 37925584 PMCID: PMC10625552 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil resources as well as environmental concerns contribute to an increasing focus on finding more sustainable approaches for the synthesis of polymeric materials. In this work, a synthesis route towards non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) using renewable starting materials is presented. Based on the terpenes limonene and carvone as renewable resources, five-membered cyclic carbonates are synthesized and ring-opened with allylamine, using thiourea compounds as benign and efficient organocatalysts. Thus, five renewable AA monomers are obtained, bearing one or two urethane units. Taking advantage of the terminal double bonds of these AA monomers, step-growth thiol-ene polymerization is performed using different dithiols, to yield NIPUs with molecular weights of above 10 kDa under mild conditions. Variation of the dithiol and amine leads to polymers with different properties, with Mn of up to 31 kDa and Tg's ranging from 1 to 29 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieda Clara M Scheelje
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Wienen D, Gries T, Cooper SL, Heath DE. An overview of polyurethane biomaterials and their use in drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 363:376-388. [PMID: 37734672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are a versatile and highly tunable class of materials that possess unique properties including high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, and flexibility at low temperatures. The tunability of polyurethane properties has allowed this class of polymers to become ubiquitous in our daily lives in fields as diverse as apparel, appliances, construction, and the automotive industry. Additionally, polyurethanes with excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility can be synthesized, enabling their use as biomaterials in the medical field. The tunable nature of polyurethane biomaterials also makes them excellent candidates as drug delivery vehicles, which is the focus of this review. The fundamental idea we aim to highlight in this article is the structure-property-function relationships found in polyurethane systems. Specifically, the chemical structure of the polymer determines its macroscopic properties and dictates the functions for which it will perform well. By exploring the structure-property-function relationships for polyurethanes, we aim to elucidate the fundamental properties that can be tailored to achieve controlled drug release and empower researchers to design new polyurethane systems for future drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wienen
- Institute of Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institute of Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Stuart L Cooper
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Sienkiewicz A, Czub P. Functional Management of Waste Wood Flour as an Example of a 'Greener' Approach towards the Synthesis of Bio-Based Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3521. [PMID: 37688147 PMCID: PMC10489736 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, in the era of growing ecological awareness, composites based on synthetic or bio-based polymers and fillers of natural origin find various potential applications. Plant-based materials are obtained using plant-derived materials, such as e.g., vegetable oil or wood fillers. Such synthesis of polymer composites allows for the selection of the reactants in terms of the potential requirements of the application. In the presented research polymer composites were obtained using bio-based high molecular-weight epoxy resins of hydroxylated soybean oil (SMEG) and a low-molecular-weight epoxy resin (EPR 0162) filled with the oak wood flour waste from the production of parquet flooring. To increase the poor compatibility between the highly hydrophilic wood fibers and the hydrophobic polymer matrix, waste wood flour (WF) was subjected to chemical modifications (mercerization, acetylation, and diisocyanate modification). Based on performed FT-IR and SEM analysis of wood flour, it was found that, among all performed modifications, the acetylation allows for the hydroxyl groups removal to the greatest extent. As a result of sequence synthesis including (1) the synthesis of SMEG_EPR polyaddition product, (2) the introduction of WF followed by its (3) curing with diisocyanate, obtained wood/polymer composites contain about 40% of raw materials of natural origin. As a consequence of the carried out modification of the wood waste flour, the compatibility of the filler and the bio-based polymer matrix was improved, resulting in an improvement in compressive strength by 3.51 MPa (SMEG_EPR_2% WF-10% NaOH) and 2.19 MPa (SMEG_EPR_2% A-WF) compared to samples containing unmodified wood flour. Additionally, concerning the results registered for pure SMEG_EPR composition, the introduction of 2 wt.% of wood filler resulted in a three/fourfold increase in the elongation at the break of the composition containing unmodified and chemically modified wood flour (10.99%-SMEG_EPR_2%WF; SMEG_EPR_2%WF-5%NaOH-10.36%; SMEG_EPR_2%WF-10%NaOH-9.54%, and 12.15%-SMEG_EPR_2%A-WF). Moreover, the incorporation of wood filler increased the value of the compression set of samples (2.40%-SMEG_EPR_2%WF, 2.39%-SMEG_EPR_2%WF-5%NaOH, and 2.34% for SMEG_EPR_2%WF-10%NaOH compared with 2.32%-SMEG_EPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sienkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska Str. 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland;
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Silva TAR, Marques AC, Dos Santos RG, Shakoor RA, Taryba M, Montemor MF. Development of BioPolyurethane Coatings from Biomass-Derived Alkylphenol Polyols-A Green Alternative. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112561. [PMID: 37299359 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polyols were obtained from the thermochemical liquefaction of two biomass feedstocks, pinewood and Stipa tenacissima, with conversion rates varying between 71.9 and 79.3 wt.%, and comprehensively characterized. They exhibit phenolic and aliphatic moieties displaying hydroxyl (OH) functional groups, as confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The biopolyols obtained were successfully employed as a green raw material to produce bio-based polyurethane (BioPU) coatings on carbon steel substrates, using, as an isocyanate source, a commercial bio-based polyisocyanate-Desmodur® Eco N7300. The BioPU coatings were analyzed in terms of chemical structure, the extent of the reaction of the isocyanate species, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and adhesion strength. They show moderate thermal stability at temperatures up to 100 °C, and a mild hydrophobicity, displaying contact angles between 68° and 86°. The adhesion tests reveal similar pull-off strength values (ca. 2.2 MPa) for the BioPU either prepared with pinewood and Stipa-derived biopolyols (BPUI and BPUII). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out on the coated substrates for 60 days in 0.05 M NaCl solution. Good corrosion protection properties were achieved for the coatings, with particular emphasis on the coating prepared with the pinewood-derived polyol, which exhibited a low-frequency impedance modulus normalized for the coating thickness of 6.1 × 1010 Ω cm at the end of the 60 days test, three times higher than for coatings prepared with Stipa-derived biopolyols. The produced BioPU formulations show great potential for application as coatings, and for further modification with bio-based fillers and corrosion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A R Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui G Dos Santos
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rana A Shakoor
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 9FHQ + JMF, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryna Taryba
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Montemor
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Eissenberger K, Ballesteros A, De Bisschop R, Bugnicourt E, Cinelli P, Defoin M, Demeyer E, Fürtauer S, Gioia C, Gómez L, Hornberger R, Ißbrücker C, Mennella M, von Pogrell H, Rodriguez-Turienzo L, Romano A, Rosato A, Saile N, Schulz C, Schwede K, Sisti L, Spinelli D, Sturm M, Uyttendaele W, Verstichel S, Schmid M. Approaches in Sustainable, Biobased Multilayer Packaging Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051184. [PMID: 36904425 PMCID: PMC10007551 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil resources and the growing demand for plastic waste reduction has put industries and academic researchers under pressure to develop increasingly sustainable packaging solutions that are both functional and circularly designed. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamentals and recent advances in biobased packaging materials, including new materials and techniques for their modification as well as their end-of-life scenarios. We also discuss the composition and modification of biobased films and multilayer structures, with particular attention to readily available drop-in solutions, as well as coating techniques. Moreover, we discuss end-of-life factors, including sorting systems, detection methods, composting options, and recycling and upcycling possibilities. Finally, regulatory aspects are pointed out for each application scenario and end-of-life option. Moreover, we discuss the human factor in terms of consumer perception and acceptance of upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eissenberger
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Arantxa Ballesteros
- Centro Tecnológico ITENE, Parque Tecnológico, Carrer d’Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Robbe De Bisschop
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Elodie Bugnicourt
- Graphic Packaging International, Fountain Plaza, Belgicastraat 7, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Planet Bioplastics S.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc Defoin
- Bostik SA, 420 rue d’Estienne d’Orves, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Elke Demeyer
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Materials Development, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lola Gómez
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Center, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ramona Hornberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Materials Development, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Mara Mennella
- KNEIA S.L., Carrer d’Aribau 168-170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hasso von Pogrell
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Center, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Angela Romano
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosato
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadja Saile
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- European Bioplastics e.V. (EUBP), Marienstr. 19/20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schwede
- European Bioplastics e.V. (EUBP), Marienstr. 19/20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Spinelli
- Next Technology Tecnotessile, Chemical Division, Via del Gelso 13, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Max Sturm
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Willem Uyttendaele
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Markus Schmid
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.S.)
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Mouren A, Avérous L. Sustainable cycloaliphatic polyurethanes: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:277-317. [PMID: 36520183 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a versatile and major polymer family, mainly produced via polyaddition between polyols and polyisocyanates. A large variety of fossil-based building blocks is commonly used to develop a wide range of macromolecular architectures with specific properties. Due to environmental concerns, legislation, rarefaction of some petrol fractions and price fluctuation, sustainable feedstocks are attracting significant attention, e.g., plastic waste and biobased resources from biomass. Consequently, various sustainable building blocks are available to develop new renewable macromolecular architectures such as aromatics, linear aliphatics and cycloaliphatics. Meanwhile, the relationship between the chemical structures of these building blocks and properties of the final PUs can be determined. For instance, aromatic building blocks are remarkable to endow materials with rigidity, hydrophobicity, fire resistance, chemical and thermal stability, whereas acyclic aliphatics endow them with oxidation and UV light resistance, flexibility and transparency. Cycloaliphatics are very interesting as they combine most of the advantages of linear aliphatic and aromatic compounds. This original and unique review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of sustainable cycloaliphatic PUs using various renewable products such as biobased terpenes, carbohydrates, fatty acids and cholesterol and/or plastic waste. Herein, we summarize the chemical modification of the main sustainable cycloaliphatic feedstocks, synthesis of PUs using these building blocks and their corresponding properties and subsequently present their major applications in hot-topic fields, including building, transportation, packaging and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Mouren
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Perera HJ, Goyal A, Alhassan SM, Banu H. Biobased Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foams Grafted with Octadecylsilane-Modified Diatomite for Use as Eco-Friendly and Low-Cost Sorbents for Crude Oil Clean-Up Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235310. [PMID: 36501710 PMCID: PMC9739393 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of novel castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam functionalized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18)-modified diatomaceous earth (DE) particles, exhibiting superior hydrophobicity and oil adsorption, and poor water absorption, for use in effective clean-up of crude oil spillage in water bodies. High-performance and low-cost sorbents have a tremendous attraction in oil spill clean-up applications. Recent studies have focused on the use of castor oil as a significant polyol that can be used as a biodegradable and eco-friendly raw material for the synthesis of PU. However, biobased in-house synthesis of foam modified with C18-DE particles has not yet been reported. This study involves the synthesis of PU using castor oil, further modification of castor oil-based PU using C18 silane, characterization studies and elucidation of oil adsorption capacity. The FTIR analysis confirmed the fusion of C18 silane particles inside the PU skeleton by adding the new functional group, and the XRD study signified the inclusion of crystalline peaks in amorphous pristine PU foam owing to the silane cross-link structure. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated improvement in thermal stability and high residual content after chemical modification with alkyl chain moieties. The SEM and EDX analyses showed the surface's roughness and the incorporation of inorganic and organic elements into pristine PU foam. The contact angle analysis showed increased hydrophobicity of the modified PU foams treated with C18-DE particles. The oil absorption studies showed that the C18-DE-modified PU foam, in comparison with the unmodified one, exhibited a 2.91-fold increase in the oil adsorption capacity and a 3.44-fold decrease in the water absorbing nature. From these studies, it is understood that this novel foam can be considered as a potential candidate for cleaning up oil spillage on water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helanka J. Perera
- Maths and Natural Science, Abu Dhabi Women’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25026, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Anjali Goyal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed M. Alhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain Banu
- Maths and Natural Science, Abu Dhabi Women’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25026, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Jung YS, Woo J, Lee E, Lee S, Shin EJ. Synthesis and properties of bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether urethane) for soft actuators. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for use in soft actuators is bio-based poly(ether-urethane) made using fermented corn, along with bio-derived compounds such as propane-1,3-diol (PDO) as a chain extender. Bio-based TPUs were obtained through a solvent-free one-shot synthesis method, and the effects of varying the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio and type of isocyanates on chemical structure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties were investigated. The degree of phase separation (DPS) and state of hard segment (HS) / soft segment (SS) of TPU are important factors affecting the thermal and physical properties of the prepared film. These properties depend on the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio and the type of isocyanates used for polymerization. The results showed that, when aromatic isocyanate was used, the degree of separation of the HS/SS was improved as the molar ratio increased. The average molecular weight and DPS as well as thermal and mechanical properties of 1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene (MDI)-based TPU samples are all higher than those of 1,1’-methylenebis(4-isocyanatocyclohexane) (H12MDI)-based TPU samples in spite of the lower HS content. These findings of this study are expected to contribute to the preparation of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing or 4D printing for shape memory polymer from bio-based TPU filaments for use in soft actuators with a shore hardness range of 59~84A.
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12
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13
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Yadav A, de Souza FM, Dawsey T, Gupta RK. Recent Advancements in Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Yadav
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Felipe M. de Souza
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Tim Dawsey
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
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14
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One-Shot Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Based on Bio-Polyol (Polytrimethylene Ether Glycol) and Characterization of Micro-Phase Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204269. [PMID: 36297847 PMCID: PMC9610669 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was synthesized via the solvent-free one-shot method using 100% bio-based polyether polyol, prepared from fermented corn, and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as a chain extender. The average molecular weight, degree of phase separation, thermal and mechanical properties of the TPU-based aromatic (4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate: MDI), and aliphatic (bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane: H12MDI) isocyanates were investigated by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Four types of micro-phase separation forms of a hard segment (HS) and soft segment (SS) were suggested according to the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio and isocyanate type. The results showed (a) phase-mixed disassociated structure between HS and SS, (b) hydrogen-bonded structure of phase-separated between HS and SS forming one-sided hard domains, (c) hydrogen-bonded structure of phase-mixed between HS, and SS and (d) hydrogen-bonded structure of phase-separated between HS and SS forming dispersed hard domains. These phase micro-structure models could be matched with each bio-based TPU sample. Accordingly, H-BDO-2.0, M-BDO-2.0, H-BDO-2.5, and M-BDO-3.0 could be related to the (a)—form, (b)—form, (c)—form, and (d)—form, respectively.
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15
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Quinsaat JEQ, Feghali E, van de Pas DJ, Vendamme R, Torr KM. Preparation of Biobased Nonisocyanate Polyurethane/Epoxy Thermoset Materials Using Depolymerized Native Lignin. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4562-4573. [PMID: 36224101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane polymers are found in a wide range of material applications. However, the toxic nature of isocyanates used in their formulation is a major concern; hence, more environmentally friendly alternatives are of high interest in the search for new sustainable polymer materials. In this work, we present the preparation of isocyanate-free polyurethane/epoxy hybrid thermosets with a high biobased content (85-90 wt %). The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). The LHO was functionalized with epichlorohydrin to yield the epoxidized structure (LHO-GE), which was in turn reacted with CO2 to form the cyclocarbonated species (LHO-CC). Blends of the LHO-CC and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDGE) were cured to produce hybrid PHU/epoxy (LHO-CC/GDGE) thermosets. Thermosetting materials with flexural moduli of 4.5 GPa and flexural strengths of 160 MPa were produced by optimizing the mass ratio of the two main components and the triamine hardener. These novel biobased hybrid materials outperformed the corresponding epoxy-only thermosets and comparable hybrid PHU/epoxy materials produced from petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feghali
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand.,Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh1211, Lebanon.,Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Vendamme
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium.,Department of Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Kirk M Torr
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand
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16
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Sundang M, Nurdin NS, Saalah S, Singam YJ, Al Edrus SSO, Ismail NM, Sipaut CS, Abdullah LC. Synthesis of Jatropha-Oil-Based Polyester Polyol as Sustainable Biobased Material for Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183715. [PMID: 36145855 PMCID: PMC9500860 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of vegetable oil in the production of polymeric material has gained interest due to its proven ability to replace nonrenewable petroleum sources, as it is readily modified via chemical reaction to produce polyol and subsequently for polyurethane production. Jatropha oil (JO), a second-generation feedstock, is one of the suitable candidates for polyester polyol synthesis because it contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, jatropha-based polyester polyols (JOLs) with different hydroxyl values were successfully synthesized via a two-step method: epoxidation followed by oxirane ring-opening reaction. Ring-opening reagents; methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used to produce polyol with hydroxyl number of 166, 180, and 189 mg/KOH, respectively. All the synthesized JOLs exhibited a Newtonian to shear thinning behavior in the measured shear rate ranges from 10 to 1000 s−1 at 25 °C. The viscosity of a JOL ring-opened with methanol, isopropanol, and ethanol was 202, 213, and 666 mPa·s, respectively, at 20 °C and 100 s−1, which is within the range of commercially available polyols. Successively, the JOLs were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to produce polyurethane prepolymer by utilizing 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as an emulsifier. The prepolymer was then dispersed in water to produce a waterborne polyurethane dispersion. Colloidal stability of the jatropha-based polyurethane dispersions (JPUDs) were investigated by particle size analysis. A JPUD with a small particle size in the range of 6.39 to 43.83 nm was obtained, and the trend was associated with the soft segment of the polyol in the formulation. The zeta potentials of the JPUs ranged from −47.01 to −88.9 mV, indicating that all synthesized JPUs had high dispersity and stability. The efficient synthesis procedure, low cost, and excellent properties of the resulting product are thought to offer an opportunity to use jatropha oil as a sustainable resource for polyester polyol preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murni Sundang
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Nur Sjanrah Nurdin
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sariah Saalah
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yamunah Jaibalah Singam
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al Edrus
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Coswald Stephen Sipaut
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Synthesis of diethylene glycol-based aliphatic polyester polyol and effect of glycerin crosslinker on its properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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Żukowska W, Kosmela P, Wojtasz P, Szczepański M, Piasecki A, Barczewski R, Barczewski M, Hejna A. Comprehensive Enhancement of Prepolymer-Based Flexible Polyurethane Foams' Performance by Introduction of Cost-Effective Waste-Based Ground Tire Rubber Particles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15165728. [PMID: 36013863 PMCID: PMC9412428 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Material innovations in polyurethane (PU) foams should ideally combine performance enhancement, environmental impact limitation, and cost reduction. These goals can be achieved by applying recycled or waste-based materials without broader industrial applications, implicating their low price. Herein, from 5 to 20 parts by weight of ground tire rubber (GTR) particles originated from the recycling of postconsumer car tires were incorporated into a flexible foamed PU matrix as a cost-effective waste-based filler. A two-step prepolymer method of foams manufacturing was applied to maximize the potential of applied formulation changes. The impact of the GTR content on the foams' processing, chemical, and cellular structure, as well as static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability, sound suppression ability, and thermal insulation performance, was investigated. The introduction of GTR caused a beneficial reduction in the average cell diameter, from 263.1 µm to 144.8-188.5 µm, implicating a 1.0-4.3% decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient. Moreover, due to the excellent mechanical performance of the car tires-the primary application of GTR-the tensile performance of the foams was enhanced despite the disruption of the cellular structure resulting from the competitiveness between the hydroxyl groups of the applied polyols and on the surface of the GTR particles. The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased by 10 and 8% for 20 parts by weight GTR addition. Generally, the presented work indicates that GTR can be efficiently applied as a filler for flexible PU foams, which could simultaneously enhance their performance, reduce costs, and limit environmental impacts due to the application of waste-based material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Żukowska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Kosmela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Wojtasz
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szczepański
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Barczewski
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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19
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Hood C, Ghazani SM, Marangoni AG, Pensini E. Flexible polymeric biomaterials from epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized oleic acid, and citric acid as both a hardener and acid catalyst. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hood
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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20
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Shin EJ, Jung YS, Choi HY, Lee S. Synthesis and fabrication of biobased thermoplastic polyurethane filament for
FDM 3D
printing. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Shin
- Department of Organic Materials and Polymer Engineering Dong‐A University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Sook Jung
- Department of Organic Materials and Polymer Engineering Dong‐A University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Yeol Choi
- Department of Fashion Design Dong‐A University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Fashion Design Dong‐A University Busan Republic of Korea
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21
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Rajput BS, Hai TAP, Burkart MD. High Bio-Content Thermoplastic Polyurethanes from Azelaic Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154885. [PMID: 35956835 PMCID: PMC9370010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize the commercialization of sustainable materials, new polymers must be generated and systematically evaluated for material characteristics and end-of-life treatment. Polyester polyols made from renewable monomers have found limited adoption in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) applications, and their broad adoption in manufacturing may be possible with a more detailed understanding of their structure and properties. To this end, we prepared a series of bio-based crystalline and amorphous polyester polyols utilizing azelaic acid and varying branched or non-branched diols. The prepared polyols showed viscosities in the range of 504–781 cP at 70 °C, with resulting TPUs that displayed excellent thermal and mechanical properties. TPUs prepared from crystalline azelate polyester polyol exhibited excellent mechanical properties compared to TPUs prepared from amorphous polyols. These were used to demonstrate prototype products, such as watch bands and cup-shaped forms. Importantly, the prepared TPUs had up to 85% bio-carbon content. Studies such as these will be important for the development of renewable materials that display mechanical properties suitable for commercially viable, sustainable products.
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22
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Wu J, Li M, Cao Y, He J, Xue M, Zhu A, Huang Y, Xu Y, Zeng B, Dai L. Preparation of p‐fluoroaniline modified graphene oxide composite and its application in polyurethane weatherproof coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Meng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Ying Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jianmin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Mingjin Xue
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Aoqi Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- Xiamen Road & Bridge Sunstone Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd Xiamen China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐ Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
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23
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Soybean Oil Epoxidation Catalyzed by a Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework with Active Dioxo-Molybdenum (VI) Centers. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, a functionalized gallium metal–organic framework with active dioxo-molybdenum (VI) centers was evaluated as a catalyst in the epoxidation of soybean oil using tert-butyl-hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent. The influence of the reaction time, temperature, and concentration of the oxidizing agent was studied, and it was demonstrated that the highest epoxide selectivity was obtained at 110 °C after 4 h of reaction (29% conversion and 91% selectivity) using a soybean oil/oxidizing agent ratio of 1/2. The stability of the metal–organic framework was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS. The stability tests demonstrated that the catalyst could be reused in the catalytic process for the recovery of vegetable oils.
Graphical Abstract
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24
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Moser BR, Cermak SC, Doll KM, Kenar JA, Sharma BK. A review of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions: Chemistry, recent advances, and applications. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Moser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Steven C. Cermak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Kenneth M. Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - James A. Kenar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Functional Foods Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Biofuels and Co‐Products Research Unit Eastern Regional Research Center Wyndmoor Pennsylvania USA
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25
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Maamoun AA, El-Wakil AA, El-Basheer TM. Enhancement of the mechanical and acoustical properties of flexible polyurethane foam/waste seashell composites for industrial applications. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221088392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of this work is the use of waste seashells WSS (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%) as a bio-filler to enhance the mechanical and acoustical characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam (FPU). Petroleum-based polyol was partially replaced by 25% castor oil resulting in high renewable content. The WSS was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and morphological features for castor oil-based flexible polyurethane waste seashells (CO-FPU-WSS) composites were detected using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Besides, the mechanical, non-acoustical and acoustical properties were investigated. The results indicated that bio-based FPU composites possessed better compressive strength than neat FPU foam. In addition, FPU composites enhance the sound absorption below 500 Hz. A 6 cm air gap behind the sample shifted the absorption toward 400 Hz (0.85) for CO-FPU-WSS 25% composite with a broader band. Thus, the FPU foam composite is considered a promising candidate for sound absorption applications such as for the automotive and building industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- AA Maamoun
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Chemistry Division, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - AA El-Wakil
- Department of Polymer Metrology and Technology, National Institute of Standards (NIS), El-Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek M El-Basheer
- Department of Acoustics, Mass and Force Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS), El-Giza, Egypt
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26
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Leng X, Li C, Cai X, Yang Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yang G, Wang Q, Fang G, Zhang X. A study on coconut fatty acid diethanolamide-based polyurethane foams. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13548-13556. [PMID: 35527733 PMCID: PMC9069328 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, a derivate from coconut oil as a bio-based polyol for the synthesis of polyurethane foam was explored. The intrinsic tertiary amine moiety in this polyol (p-CFAD) endowed an auto-catalytic effect in the synthesis process of polyurethane foams, combined with a shorter cream and gelation time compared to the fossil-based polyol 3152. H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were conducted to characterize the chemical structural features of the p-CFAD, and rheology measurement showed the shear-thinning behavior due to the branched structure. A thermal conductivity comparable to the commercial rigid polyurethane foam was achieved when 40wt% fossil-based polyol 3152 was substituted with the bio-based p-CFAD. With the increased content of the p-CFAD, a transition of the physical properties from rigid PU foam to soft PU foam was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the occurrence of the interconnected pores on the cell walls with the increase of the added p-CFAD, implying the possibility of regulating the cellular structure and foam properties via the incorporation of the p-CFAD. Results showed the feasibility of using p-CFAD as a potential polyol in the development of bio-based polyurethane foams with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Leng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Fengshan Zhang
- Hua Tai Group, Guangrao County Dongying City Shandong China
| | - Yanshao Liu
- Hua Tai Group, Guangrao County Dongying City Shandong China
| | - Guihua Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Guigan Fang
- Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
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27
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Misenan MSM, Khiar ASA, Eren T. Polyurethane based Polymer Electrolyte for
Lithium‐Ion
Batteries: A Review. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan
- Department of Chemistry, College ofArts and Science Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
| | - Azwani Sofia Ahmad Khiar
- Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 71800 Nilai Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Tarik Eren
- Department of Chemistry, College ofArts and Science Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
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Paraskar PM, Kulkarni RD. Influence of bio-based chain extender glycerol on the performance of dimer fatty acid-derived polyurethane coatings. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Al Nakib R, Toncheva A, Fontaine V, Vanheuverzwijn J, Raquez J, Meyer F. Thermoplastic polyurethanes for biomedical application: A synthetic, mechanical, antibacterial, and cytotoxic study. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Al Nakib
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials University of Mons, Faculty of Science Mons Belgium
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Antoniya Toncheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials University of Mons, Faculty of Science Mons Belgium
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Veronique Fontaine
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Jérôme Vanheuverzwijn
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Jean‐Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials University of Mons, Faculty of Science Mons Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy Bruxelles Belgium
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Blasco MPC, Limiñana MÁP, Silvestre CR, Calpena EO, Aís FA. Sustainable Reactive Polyurethane Hot Melt Adhesives Based on Vegetable Polyols for Footwear Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020284. [PMID: 35054690 PMCID: PMC8779523 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop sustainable reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives (HMPUR) for footwear applications based on biobased polyols as renewable resources, where ma-croglycol mixtures of polyadipate of 1,4-butanediol, polypropylene and different biobased polyols were employed and further reacted with 4-4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The different reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives obtained were characterized with different experimental techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), softening temperature and melting viscosity. Finally, their adhesion properties were measured from T-peel tests on leather/HMPUR adhesives/SBR rubber joints in order to establish the viability of the used biobased polyols and the amount of these polyols that could be added to reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives satisfactorily to meet the quality requirements of footwear joints. All biobased polyols and percentages added to the polyurethane adhesive formulations successfully met the quality requirements of footwear, being comparable to traditional adhesives currently used in footwear joints in terms of final strength. Therefore, these new sustainable polyurethane adhesives can be considered as suitable and sustainable alternatives to the adhesives commonly used in footwear joints.
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Mat Saad N, Mohd Salleh N, Abdullah TK, Ahmad Zubir S. Influence of prepolymer reaction time in the fabrication of palm kernel oil polyol based shape memory polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norshahli Mat Saad
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Norliyana Mohd Salleh
- Centre for Herbal Standardization, Universiti Sains Malaysia Sains@USM 11900 Bayan Lepas Malaysia
| | - Tuti Katrina Abdullah
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Syazana Ahmad Zubir
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
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Omrani I. High performance biobased pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foams from facile prepared castor oil-based polyol: Good compatibility with pentane series blowing agent. J CELL PLAST 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x211062632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, biobased and environmentally friendly rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) from high hydroxyl value castor oil-based polyols have been prepared without the addition of petroleum-based polyols in the formulation. The new Biopolyol with high hydroxyl value was designed on the basis of the analysis of functionality, structure and hydroxyl value relation and synthesized directly from castor oil in a facile one-pot three-step system. A series of Biopolyols with hydroxyl values in the range of 550–650 mg KOH/g were obtained through transesterification, epoxidation, and hydrolysis. The Biopolyol chemical structure was characterized using FT-IR,1H NMR spectroscopies. The formulated blend polyol with amine catalysts and cyclopentane as a blowing agent have good cyclopentane solubility and phase separation between cyclopentane and polyol was not observed after 30 days. The foaming characteristics were evaluated and improved results were obtained. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability, compressive strength, morphology, dimensional stability, density, and foam flow of the RPUFs were characterized. The results are compared with RPUF prepared using standard commercial polyether polyols for pour-in-place RPUFs. The prepared biobased RPUFs from Biopolyol was able to reach the required satisfactory properties for the appliance industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Omrani
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Lee DN, Gwon K, Nam Y, Lee SJ, Tran NM, Yoo H. Polyurethane Foam Incorporated with Nanosized Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework: Its Antibacterial Properties and Biocompatibility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13622. [PMID: 34948419 PMCID: PMC8705956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foams (PUFs) have attracted attention as biomaterials because of their low adhesion to the wound area and suitability as biodegradable or bioactive materials. The composition of the building blocks for PUFs can be controlled with additives, which provide excellent anti-drug resistance and biocompatibility. Herein, nanosized Cu-BTC (copper(II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) was incorporated into a PUF via the crosslinking reaction of castor oil and chitosan with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, to enhance therapeutic efficiency through the modification of the surface of PUF. The physical and thermal properties of the nanosized Cu-BTC-incorporated PUF (PUF@Cu-BTC), e.g., swelling ratio, phase transition, thermal gravity loss, and cell morphology, were compared with those of the control PUF. The bactericidal activities of PUF@Cu-BTC and control PUF were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PUF@Cu-BTC exhibited selective and significant antibacterial activity toward the tested bacteria and lower cytotoxicity for mouse embryonic fibroblasts compared with the control PUF at a dose of 2 mg mL-1. The Cu(II) ions release test showed that PUF@Cu-BTC was stable in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h. The selective bactericidal activity and low cytotoxicity of PUF@Cu-BTC ensure it is a candidate for therapeutic applications for the drug delivery, treatment of skin disease, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (K.G.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Kihak Gwon
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (K.G.); (S.J.L.)
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Yunhee Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.N.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Su Jung Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (K.G.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Ngoc Minh Tran
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.N.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Hyojong Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.N.); (N.M.T.)
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Liang C, Gracida-Alvarez UR, Gallant ET, Gillis PA, Marques YA, Abramo GP, Hawkins TR, Dunn JB. Material Flows of Polyurethane in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14215-14224. [PMID: 34618441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Today, polyurethanes are effectively not recycled and are made principally from nonrenewable, fossil-fuel-derived resources. This study provides the first high-resolution material flow analysis of polyurethane flows through the U.S. economy, tracking back to fossil fuels and covering polyurethane-relevant raw materials, trade, production, manufacturing, uses, historical stocks, and waste management. According to our analysis, in 2016, 2900 thousand tonnes (kt) of polyurethane were produced in the United States and 920 kt were imported for consumption, 2000 kt entered the postconsumer waste streams, and 390 kt were recycled and returned to the market in the form of carpet underlayment. The domestic production of polyurethane consumed 1100 kt of crude oil and 1100 kt of natural gas. With the developed polyurethane flow map, we point out the limitation of the existing mechanical recycling methods and identify that glycolysis, a chemical recycling method, can be used to recycle the main components of postconsumer polyurethane waste. We also explore how targeting biobased pathways could influence the supply chain and downstream markets of polyurethane and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and the exposure to toxic precursors in polyurethane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ulises R Gracida-Alvarez
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ethan T Gallant
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul A Gillis
- The Dow Chemical Company, Polyurethane R&D, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Yuri A Marques
- The Dow Chemical Company, Polyurethane R&D, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Graham P Abramo
- The Dow Chemical Company, Core Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Troy R Hawkins
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jennifer B Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Mohd Ghazali AE, Pickering KL. The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper describes work carried out to assess the effect of fibre treatments and coupling agent on the mechanical performance of PLA composites reinforced with 20 wt% fibre. The chemically-treated harakeke and hemp fibres used to produce fibre mats. Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PLA (MA-g-PLA) was used as a coupling agent. Composites with fibre treated with silane and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and composites using MA-g-PLA were characterised by swelling testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the interfacial bonding for composites with fibres treated using silane and peroxide and composites coupled with MA-g-PLA noticeably improved supported by lower swelling indices, higher tensile strengths and lower tan δ compared to those composites with fibres treated using alkali only, with the highest tensile strength of about 11% higher obtained from composites treated with MA-g-PLA followed by silane and then peroxide. However, using silane, peroxide and MA-g-PLA as additional composite treatments increased significantly the composite failure strain by up 11, 19 and 30%, respectively for harakeke composites and by 13, 24 and 30%, respectively for hemp composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruan Efendy Mohd Ghazali
- College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam , Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Kim L. Pickering
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand
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Jiang W, Hosseinpourpia R, Biziks V, Ahmed SA, Militz H, Adamopoulos S. Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193267. [PMID: 34641084 PMCID: PMC8512079 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared with bio-polyols obtained via acid-catalyzed polyhydric alcohol liquefaction of wood sawdust and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Two polyols, i.e., crude and purified liquefied wood (CLW and PLW), were obtained from the liquefaction process with a high yield of 99.7%. PU adhesives, namely CLWPU and PLWPU, were then prepared by reaction of CLW or PLW with pMDI at various isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO:OH) molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the bio-polyols and the cured PU adhesives were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance of the adhesives was evaluated by single-lap joint shear tests according to EN 302-1:2003, and by adhesive penetration. The highest shear strength was found at the NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1 as 4.82 ± 1.01 N/mm2 and 4.80 ± 0.49 N/mm2 for CLWPU and PLWPU, respectively. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the cured CLWPU and PLWPU adhesives were considerably influenced by the NCO:OH molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden; (W.J.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Reza Hosseinpourpia
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden; (W.J.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Vladimirs Biziks
- Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August University Göettingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (V.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Sheikh Ali Ahmed
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden; (W.J.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Holger Militz
- Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August University Göettingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (V.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Stergios Adamopoulos
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9C, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Vázquez-Loureiro P, Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Identification of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Compounds in Polymeric Coatings Used in Metal Cans by GC-MS and SPME. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133704. [PMID: 34279275 PMCID: PMC8269810 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric coatings are used as a protective layer to preserve food or beverage quality and protect it from corrosion and avoid a metallic taste. These types of materials can contain some chemicals that are susceptible to migrate to food and constitute a risk for consumers’ health. This study is focused on the identification of volatile and semi-volatile low molecular weight compounds present in polymeric coatings used for metal food and beverage cans. A method based on solid–liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized for the semi-volatile compounds. Different solvents were tried with the aim of extracting compounds with different polarities. Furthermore, a method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in headspace (HS) mode and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HSSPME-GC-MS) was developed for the identification of potential volatile migrants in polymeric coatings. Some parameters such as extraction time, equilibrium temperature, or the type of fiber were optimized. Different compounds, including aldehydes such as octanal or nonanal, alcohols such as α-terpineol or 2-butoxyethanol, ethers, alkenes, or phthalic compounds, among others, were identified and confirmed with analytical standards both via SPME analysis as well after solvent extraction.
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Doley S, Bora A, Saikia P, Ahmed S, Dolui SK. Blending of cyclic carbonate based on soybean oil and glycerol: a non-isocyanate approach towards the synthesis of polyurethane with high performance. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Phung Hai TA, Tessman M, Neelakantan N, Samoylov AA, Ito Y, Rajput BS, Pourahmady N, Burkart MD. Renewable Polyurethanes from Sustainable Biological Precursors. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1770-1794. [PMID: 33822601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, higher oil prices, and greenhouse gas emissions, the scientific community has been conducting an ongoing search for viable renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products, with the anticipation of increased adaptation in the coming years. New academic and industrial developments have encouraged the utilization of renewable resources for the development of ecofriendly and sustainable materials, and here, we focus on those advances that impact polyurethane (PU) materials. Vegetable oils, algae oils, and polysaccharides are included among the major renewable resources that have supported the development of sustainable PU precursors to date. Renewable feedstocks such as algae have the benefit of requiring only sunshine, carbon dioxide, and trace minerals to generate a sustainable biomass source, offering an improved carbon footprint to lessen environmental impacts. Incorporation of renewable content into commercially viable polymer materials, particularly PUs, has increasing and realistic potential. Biobased polyols can currently be purchased, and the potential to expand into new monomers offers exciting possibilities for new product development. This Review highlights the latest developments in PU chemistry from renewable raw materials, as well as the various biological precursors being employed in the synthesis of thermoset and thermoplastic PUs. We also provide an overview of literature reports that focus on biobased polyols and isocyanates, the two major precursors to PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien An Phung Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Marissa Tessman
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Nitin Neelakantan
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Anton A Samoylov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Bhausaheb S Rajput
- Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
| | - Naser Pourahmady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.,Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States.,Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
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Travinskaya ТV, Brykova AN, Babkina NV, Mamunya YP, Shtompel VI, Robota LP, Savelyev YV. Structural peculiarities, thermal and viscoelastic properties of ionomeric polyurethanes based on renewable raw materials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1903247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yevgen P. Mamunya
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Yuri V. Savelyev
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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41
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Comparison of epoxidation methods for biobased oils: dioxirane intermediates generated from Oxone
versus
peracid derived from hydrogen peroxide. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Effect of structure of nonisocyanate condensation polyurethanes based on benzoic acid on its susceptibility to biodegradation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vevere L, Fridrihsone A, Kirpluks M, Cabulis U. A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acids and Rosin Acids Use in Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2706. [PMID: 33207734 PMCID: PMC7696232 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and rosin acids) is a good source to be turned into polymeric materials. Unlike vegetable oils, tall oil is considered as lignocellulosic plant biomass waste and is considered to be the second-generation raw material, thus it is not competing with the food and feed chain. The main purpose of this review article is to identify in what kind of polymeric materials wood biomass-based fatty acids and rosin acids have been applied and their impact on the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Vevere
- Polymer Department, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (M.K.); (U.C.)
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Cousin K, Quienne B, Pinaud J, Caillol S, Monflier E, Hapiot F. One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of Hydroxymethylated Unsaturated VHOSO and Its Application to the Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethanes. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Cousin
- University of Artois CNRS Centrale Lille Université de Lille UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lens F‐62300 France
| | - Baptiste Quienne
- ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier F‐34296 France
| | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier F‐34296 France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier F‐34296 France
| | - Eric Monflier
- University of Artois CNRS Centrale Lille Université de Lille UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lens F‐62300 France
| | - Frédéric Hapiot
- University of Artois CNRS Centrale Lille Université de Lille UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lens F‐62300 France
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Synthesis and Properties of Moisture-Cured Reactive Polyurethane Containing Castor Oil and Oxime Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081838. [PMID: 32824552 PMCID: PMC7463777 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive polyurethane hot-melt resin (moisture-cured reactive polyurethane, PUR) could successfully be prepared from poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), castor oil and dimethylglyoxime (DMG) by one or two-stage synthesis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the synthesis resins belonged to NCO-capped castor oil-based polyurethane. The thermal behaviors of the cured PUR were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) instruments. The results showed that the cured resin provided remeltable properties under the dosages of 3 wt% DMG. Furthermore, the phenomenon could be proved by FTIR analysis according to the characteristic absorption peak of NCO groups after the cured resin was heated. Comparing different syntheses, the resin prepared by one-stage synthesis showed random distribution of DMG with PUR structure and that prepared by two-stage synthesis had distribution of DMG with branching structure in the prepolymer. The former obtained lower remeltable temperatures from 90 to 130 °C than the latter temperatures, which had temperatures above 125 °C. The tensile test showed that all of the PUR films exhibited typical tough behavior. Thus, the cured resin with DMG dosages of 3 wt% provided remeltable and mechanical properties at the same time. Overall, the crosslinking density and numbers of dynamic bonds should be kept in balance for preparation of remeltable PUR.
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46
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Utilization of oleic acid in synthesis of epoxidized soybean oil based green polyurethane coating and its comparative study with petrochemical based polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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One-step hydroxylation of rubber seed oil and synthesis of green polyurethane networks thereof. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Eling B, Tomović Ž, Schädler V. Current and Future Trends in Polyurethanes: An Industrial Perspective. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Berend Eling
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde 49448 Germany
| | - Željko Tomović
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde 49448 Germany
| | - Volker Schädler
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde 49448 Germany
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Pelufo DI, Neto SC, Gobbo RCB, dos Santos AJ, Terezo AJ, de Siqueira AB. Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of castor oil based polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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High Functionality Bio-Polyols from Tall Oil and Rigid Polyurethane Foams Formulated Solely Using Bio-Polyols. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081985. [PMID: 32344553 PMCID: PMC7215456 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-quality rigid polyurethane (PU) foam thermal insulation material has been developed solely using bio-polyols synthesized from second-generation bio-based feedstock. High functionality bio-polyols were synthesized from cellulose production side stream—tall oil fatty acids by oxirane ring-opening as well as esterification reactions with different polyfunctional alcohols, such as diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, and diethanolamine. Four different high functionality bio-polyols were combined with bio-polyol obtained from tall oil esterification with triethanolamine to develop rigid PU foam formulations applicable as thermal insulation material. The developed formulations were optimized using response surface modeling to find optimal bio-polyol and physical blowing agent: c-pentane content. The optimized bio-based rigid PU foam formulations delivered comparable thermal insulation properties to the petro-chemical alternative.
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