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El-Kadi RA, AbdelKader NF, Zaki HF, Kamel AS. Vilazodone Alleviates Neurogenesis-Induced Anxiety in the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Female Rat Model: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04142-3. [PMID: 38584231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Defective β-catenin signaling is accompanied with compensatory neurogenesis process that may pave to anxiety. β-Catenin has a distinct role in alleviating anxiety in adolescence; however, it undergoes degradation by the degradation complex Axin and APC. Vilazodone (VZ) is a fast, effective antidepressant with SSRI activity and 5-HT1A partial agonism that amends somatic and/or psychic symptoms of anxiety. Yet, there is no data about anxiolytic effect of VZ on anxiety-related neurogenesis provoked by stress-reduced β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, females have specific susceptibility toward psychopathology. The aim of the present study is to uncover the molecular mechanism of VZ relative to Wnt/β-catenin signaling in female rats. Stress-induced anxiety was conducted by subjecting the rats to different stressful stimuli for 21 days. On the 15th day, stressed rats were treated with VZ(10 mg/kg, p.o.) alone or concomitant with the Wnt inhibitor: XAV939 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.). Anxious rats showed low β-catenin level turned over by Axin-1 with unanticipated reduction of APC pursued with elevated protein levels of neurogenesis-stimulating proteins: c-Myc and pThr183-Erk likewise gene expressions of miR-17-5p and miR-18. Two weeks of VZ treatment showed anxiolytic effect figured by alleviation of hippocampal histological examination. VZ protected β-catenin signal via reduction in Axin-1 and elevation of APC conjugated with modulation of β-catenin downstream targets. The cytoplasmic β-catenin turnover by Axin-1 was restored by XAV939. Herein, VZ showed anti-anxiety effect, which may be in part through regaining the balance of the reduced β-catenin and its subsequent exaggerated response of p-Erk, c-Myc, Dicer-1, miR-17-5p, and miR-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A El-Kadi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Alexandria University Hospitals, Champollion Street, El-Khartoum Square, El Azareeta, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt
| | - Noha F AbdelKader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Liu F, Tian Q, Tang HL, Cheng X, Zou W, Zhang P. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates depression-like behaviours in Parkinson's disease model rats by improving synaptic plasticity in a hippocampal Warburg effect-dependent manner. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 234:173677. [PMID: 37967673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent comorbidity arising in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, depression in patients with PD is poorly treated. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a neuromodulator, has the potential to relieve depression. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether H2S attenuates depression-like behaviours in a rat model of PD and examine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We utilised rotenone to develop a PD model with subcutaneous injections in the dorsal cervical region of Sprague-Dawley rats. The depression-like behaviours in the rotenone-induced PD model rats were assessed through forced swimming, tail suspension, open field, novelty-suppressed feeding, and elevated plus-maze tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synapsin-1, related to synaptic plasticity, was detected using Western blot in the hippocampus. The hippocampal ultrastructure, including the synaptic density, length of the synaptic active zone, postsynaptic density thickness, and synaptic gap width, was detected using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS We proved that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; a donor of H2S) significantly attenuated the depression-like behaviours and disorders of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rotenone-induced PD rats. Furthermore, inhibition of the hippocampal Warburg effect by 2-deoxyglucose abolished NaHS-enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and reversed NaHS-attenuated depression-like behaviours in the rotenone-induced PD rats. CONCLUSION H2S attenuates PD-associated depression by improving the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a hippocampal Warburg effect-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Samad N, Manzoor N, Batool A, Noor A, Khaliq S, Aurangzeb S, Bhatti SA, Imran I. Protective effects of niacin following high fat rich diet: an in-vivo and in-silico study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21343. [PMID: 38049514 PMCID: PMC10696033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Niacin had long been understood as an antioxidant. There were reports that high fat diet (HFD) may cause psychological and physical impairments. The present study was aimed to experience the effect of Niacin on % growth rate, cumulative food intake, motor activity and anxiety profile, redox status, 5-HT metabolism and brain histopathology in rats. Rats were administered with Niacin at a dose of 50 mg/ml/kg body weight for 4 weeks following normal diet (ND) and HFD. Behavioral tests were performed after 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed to collect brain samples. Biochemical, neurochemical and histopathological studies were performed. HFD increased food intake and body weight. The exploratory activity was reduced and anxiety like behavior was observed in HFD treated animals. Activity of antioxidant enzymes was decreased while oxidative stress marker and serotonin metabolism in the brain of rat were increased in HFD treated animals than ND fed rats. Morphology of the brain was also altered by HFD administration. Conversely, Niacin treated animals decreased food intake and % growth rate, increased exploratory activity, produced anxiolytic effects, decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme and 5-HT levels following HFD. Morphology of brain is also normalized by the treatment of Niacin following HFD. In-silico studies showed that Niacin has a potential binding affinity with degradative enzyme of 5-HT i.e. monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B with an energy of ~ - 4.5 and - 5.0 kcal/mol respectively. In conclusion, the present study showed that Niacin enhanced motor activity, produced anxiolytic effect, and reduced oxidative stress, appetite, growth rate, increased antioxidant enzymes and normalized serotonin system and brain morphology following HFD intake. In-silico studies suggested that increase 5-HT was associated with the binding of MAO with Niacin subsequentially an inhibition of the degradation of monoamine. It is suggested that Niacin has a great antioxidant potential and could be a good therapy for the treatment of HFD induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Noor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saima Khaliq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Science and Technology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aurangzeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Reinhardt PR, Theis CDC, Juckel G, Freund N. Rodent models for mood disorders - understanding molecular changes by investigating social behavior. Biol Chem 2023; 404:939-950. [PMID: 37632729 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, are the group of psychiatric disorders with the highest prevalence and disease burden. However, their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Animal models are an extremely useful tool for the investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders. For psychiatric symptom assessment in animals, a meaningful behavioral phenotype is needed. Social behaviors constitute naturally occurring complex behaviors in rodents and can therefore serve as such a phenotype, contributing to insights into disorder related molecular changes. In this narrative review, we give a fundamental overview of social behaviors in laboratory rodents, as well as their underlying neuronal mechanisms and their assessment. Relevant behavioral and molecular changes in models for mood disorders are presented and an outlook on promising future directions is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Reinhardt
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Candy D C Theis
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
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Boi L, Fisone G. Investigating affective neuropsychiatric symptoms in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 174:119-186. [PMID: 38341228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Affective neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and apathy are among the most frequent non-motor symptoms observed in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). These conditions often emerge during the prodromal phase of the disease and are generally considered to result from neurodegenerative processes in meso-corticolimbic structures, occurring in parallel to the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Depression, anxiety, and apathy are often treated with conventional medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and dopaminergic agonists. The ability of these pharmacological interventions to consistently counteract such neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD is still relatively limited and the development of reliable experimental models represents an important tool to identify more effective treatments. This chapter provides information on rodent models of PD utilized to study these affective neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurotoxin-based and genetic models are discussed, together with the main behavioral tests utilized to identify depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, anhedonia, and apathy. The ability of various therapeutic approaches to counteract the symptoms observed in the various models is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yoshimoto N, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Morioka N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and type I interferon signaling induce anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice with neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2023; 367:114470. [PMID: 37327964 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that major depression is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain; however, the cellular basis for chronic pain-mediated major depression remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces neuroinflammation and has been implicated in various neurological diseases, including depression. Nevertheless, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in the neuropathic pain state remains unclear. The current study examined whether hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and downstream neuroinflammation are involved in anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice with neuropathic pain, which was induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). At 8 weeks after surgery, there was decreased levels of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, such as cytochrome c and mitochondrial transcription factor A, and increased level of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA in the contralateral hippocampus, suggesting the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Type I interferon (IFN) mRNA expression in the hippocampus was also increased at 8 weeks after PSNL surgery. The restoration of mitochondrial function by curcumin blocked the increased cytosolic mitochondrial DNA and type I IFN expression in PSNL mice and improved anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Blockade of type I IFN signaling by anti-IFN alpha/beta receptor 1 antibody also improved anxiodepressive-like behaviors in PSNL mice. Together, these findings suggest that neuropathic pain induces hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction followed by neuroinflammation, which may contribute to anxiodepressive-behaviors in the neuropathic pain state. Improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting type I IFN signaling in the hippocampus might be a novel approach to reducing comorbidities associated with neuropathic pain, such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Zeinab Mohamed, El-Kader AEKMA, Salah-Eldin AE, Mohamed O, Awadalla EA. Protective Effects of Curcumin against Acetamiprid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Albino Rats. BIOL BULL+ 2023; 50:509-521. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022602609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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8
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Gamage E, Orr R, Travica N, Lane MM, Jacka F, Dissanayaka T, Kim JH, Grosso G, Godos J, Marx W. Polyphenols as novel interventions for depression: exploring the efficacy, mechanisms of action, and implications for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105225. [PMID: 37164045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal and human studies have assessed the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. However, no comprehensive synthesis of the main findings has been conducted. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the available evidence from animal and human studies on the association and the effects of dietary polyphenols on depression and provide recommendations for future research. We based our review on 163 preclinical animal, 16 observational and 44 intervention articles assessing the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. Most animal studies demonstrated that exposure to polyphenols alleviated behaviours reported to be associated with depression. However, human studies are less clear, with some studies reporting and inverse relationship between the intake of some polyphenols, and polyphenol rich foods and depression risk and symptoms, while others reporting no association or effect. Hence, while there has been extensive research conducted in animals and there is some supporting evidence in humans, further human studies are required, particularly in younger and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gamage
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca Orr
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jee H Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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Filippone A, Cucinotta L, Bova V, Lanza M, Casili G, Paterniti I, Campolo M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Inhibition of LRRK2 Attenuates Depression-Related Symptoms in Mice with Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071040. [PMID: 37048114 PMCID: PMC10093681 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been associated with emotional dysregulation such as loss of consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia and major depressive disorder. The gene Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is involved in protein synthesis and degradation, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, processes that trigger mTBI. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LRRK2 in reducing depression-related symptoms after mTBI and to determine whether inhibition of LRRK2 mediated by PF-06447475 could have antidepressant effects. Moderate traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and mice were treated with PF-06447475 at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg once daily for 14 days. We performed histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of brain tissue 24 days after mTBI. Furthermore, the tissue changes found in the hippocampus and amygdala confirmed the depression-like behavior. PF-treatment with 06447475 significantly reduced the histological damage and behavioral disturbances. Thus, this study has shown that mTBI induction promotes the development of depression-like behavioral changes. LRRK2 inhibition showed an antidepressant effect and restored the changes in the copper/glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (Cu/NMDAR) system.
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Liao D, Shangguan D, Wu Y, Chen Y, Liu N, Tang J, Yao D, Shi Y. Curcumin protects against doxorubicin induced oxidative stress by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE and autophagy signaling pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1179-1190. [PMID: 36949340 PMCID: PMC10102057 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced neurotoxicity is widely reported in previous studies. Oxidative stress has been validated as a critical event involved in DOX-induced neurotoxicity. As a selective autophagy adaptor protein, p62 is reported to regulate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway in response to oxidative stress. Curcumin (CUR) relieves depressive-like state through the mitigation of oxidative stress and the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. However, the exact mechanism of CUR in alleviating DOX-induced neurotoxicity is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, DOX group, and DOX + CUR group. At the end of 3 weeks, the behavior tests as sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) were performed to assess anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The rats were sacrificed after behavior tests, and the brain tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. RESULTS It was observed that the administration of CUR could effectively reverse DOX-induced depressive-like behaviors. The exposure of DOX activated autophagy and increased oxidative stress levels, and the administration of CUR could significantly inhibit DOX-induced autophagy and suppress oxidative stress. More importantly, we also found that Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway was involved in DOX-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress regulated by autophagy. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that CUR could effectively reverse DOX-induced neurotoxicity through suppressing autophagy and mitigating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Danggang Shangguan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Dunwu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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11
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Fu Y, Liu S, Dong Y, Gan Y, Guo X, Liu H, Xu Q, Yuan R, Ning A, Hong W, Peng Y, Yu S. Chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behavior is mediated by upregulation of melanopsin expression in C57BL/6 mice retina. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:283-293. [PMID: 36580134 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with circadian disturbances in which melanopsin was a key mechanism. Further studies have demonstrated that melanopsin gene variations are associated with some depressive disorders and aberrant light can impair mood through melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs). The goal of this study was to explore the direct relationship between depression and melanopsin. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 male mice were physically restrained for 16 h in a 50-ml polypropylene centrifuge tube and all behavioral tests were performed after CRS treatment. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to detect melanopsin expression in the retina of C57BL/6 mice. And we observed the change of the electrophysiological function and release of glutamate of mRGCs. RESULTS The melanopsin expression upregulate in mRGCs of chronic restraint stress (CRS)-treating mice which exhibit depression-like behavior. The frequency of blue light-induced action potentials and light-induced glutamate release mediated by melanopsin also increase significantly. This change of melanopsin is mediated by the CRS-induced glucocorticoid. CONCLUSIONS CRS may induce the depression-like behavior in mice via glucocorticoid-melanopsin pathway. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic link between CRS-induced depression and melanopsin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yigang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yixia Gan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmin Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PD, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Current Update on Preclinical Evidence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:560-577. [PMID: 36200159 PMCID: PMC10207906 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221005090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being classified as a movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a wide range of non-motor symptoms that significantly affect the patients' quality of life. However, clear evidence-based therapy recommendations for non-motor symptoms of PD are uncommon. Animal models of PD have previously been shown to be useful for advancing the knowledge and treatment of motor symptoms. However, these models may provide insight into and assess therapies for non-motor symptoms in PD. This paper highlights non-motor symptoms in preclinical models of PD and the current position regarding preclinical therapeutic approaches for these non-motor symptoms. This information may be relevant for designing future preclinical investigations of therapies for nonmotor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D.E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Altharawi A, Alharthy KM, Althurwi HN, Albaqami FF, Alzarea SI, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Kazmi I. Europinidin Inhibits Rotenone-Activated Parkinson's Disease in Rodents by Decreasing Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Cytokines Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217159. [PMID: 36363986 PMCID: PMC9658735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Europinidin is a derivative of delphinidin obtained from the plants Plumbago Europea and Ceratostigma plumbaginoides. This herb has wide medicinal applications in treating various diseases but there are very few studies available on this bioactive compound. Considering this background, the present study is designed for the evaluation of Europinidin against Parkinson’s disease. Aim: The investigation aims to assess the effect of Europinidin in the rotenone-activated Parkinson’s paradigm. Methods: To evaluate neuroprotective activity, rotenone (1.5 mg/kg s.c) and europinidin (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) was administered in rats for 21 days. The behavioural parameters were performed before sacrificing the rats. On the 22nd day, all the rats were assessed for biochemical markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, Catalase), neurotransmitter levels (Dopamine, 5-HIAA, DOPAC, and HVA levels), and neuroinflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α). Results: It was found that rotenone produced significant (p < 0.001) oxidative damage, a cholinergic deficit, dopaminergic loss, and a rise in neuroinflammatory markers in rats. Conclusion: The study concludes that europinidin possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The results suggest the therapeutic role of europinidin against rotenone-activated behavioural, biochemical, and neuroinflammatory alterations in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (I.K.); Tel.: +966-543-970-731 (I.K.)
| | - Khalid M. Alharthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan N. Althurwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal F. Albaqami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (I.K.); Tel.: +966-543-970-731 (I.K.)
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Henrique Mastella M, Roggia I, Osmarin Turra B, Ferreira Teixeira C, Elias Assmann C, de Morais-Pinto L, Vidal T, Melazzo C, Emílio da Cruz Jung I, Barbisan F, Beatrice Mânica da Cruz I. Superoxide-imbalance pharmacologically induced by rotenone triggers behavioral, neural, and inflammatory alterations in the Eisenia fetida earthworm. Neuroscience 2022; 502:25-40. [PMID: 36058342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and a superoxide imbalance could increase susceptibility to chronic stressful events, contributing to the establishment of chronic inflammation and the development of mood disorders. The mitochondrial superoxide imbalance induced by some molecules, such as rotenone, could be evolutionarily conserved, causing behavioral, immune, and neurological alterations in animals with a primitive central nervous system. OBJECTIVE Behavioral, immune, and histological markers were analyzed in Eisenia fetida earthworms chronically exposed to rotenone for 14 days. METHODS Earthworms were placed in artificial soil containing 30 nM of rotenone distributed into a plastic cup that allowed the earthworms to leave and return freely into the ground. Since these organisms prefer to be buried, the model predicted that the earthworms would necessarily have to return to the rotenone-contaminated medium, creating a stressful condition. The effect on survival behavior in the immune and histological body wall and ventral nervous ganglia (VNG) structures, as well as gene expression related to inflammation and mitochondrial and neuromuscular changes. RESULTS Rotenone-induced loss of earthworm escape behavior and immune alterations indicated a chronic inflammatory state. Some histological changes in the body wall and VNG indicated a possible earthworm reaction aimed at protecting against rotenone. Overexpression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (nAChR α5) in neural tissues could also help earthworms reduce the degenerative effects of rotenone on dopaminergic neurons. CONCLUSION These data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction could be an evolutionarily conserved element that induces inflammatory and behavioral changes related to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Henrique Mastella
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Isabel Roggia
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Osmarin Turra
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cibele Ferreira Teixeira
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Morais-Pinto
- Anatomical Design Laboratory, Morphology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ivo Emílio da Cruz Jung
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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15
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Mendonça IP, de Paiva IHR, Duarte-Silva EP, de Melo MG, da Silva RS, do Nascimento MIX, Peixoto CA. Metformin improves depressive-like behavior in experimental Parkinson's disease by inducing autophagy in the substantia nigra and hippocampus. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1705-1716. [PMID: 35931897 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a disease of little known etiology. In addition to the motor symptoms, depression is present in about 40% of patients, contributing to the loss of quality of life. Recently, the involvement of the autophagy mechanism in the pathogenesis of depression has been studied, in addition to its involvement in PD as well. In this study, we tested the effects of metformin, an antidiabetic drug also with antidepressant effects, on depressive-like behavior in a rotenone-induced PD model and on the autophagy process. Mice 8-week-old male C57BL/6 were induced with rotenone for 20 consecutive days (2.5 mg/kg/day) and treated with metformin (200 mg/kg/day) from the 5th day of induction. All the animals were submitted to rotarod, sucrose preference and tail suspension tests. After euthanasia, the substantia nigra and hippocampus were removed for analysis by western blotting or fixed and analyzed by immunofluorescence. The results show that there was an impairment of autophagy in animals induced by rotenone both in nigral and extranigral regions as well as a depressive-like behavior. Metformin was able to inhibit depressive-like behavior and increase signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors and autophagosome-forming proteins, thus inducing autophagy in both the hippocampus and the substantia nigra. In conclusion, we show that metformin has an antidepressant effect in a rotenone-induced PD model, which may result, at least in part, from the induction of the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
| | - Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Michel Gomes de Melo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S da Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology On Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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16
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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17
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de Sousa Macedo LLB, Antunes FTT, de Andrade Alvarenga W, Batista MCC, de Moura MSB, Farias MNL, Caminski ES, Dallegrave E, Grivicich I, de Souza AH. Curcumin for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and preliminary behavioral investigation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:803-813. [PMID: 35394134 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has protective actions in neuropsychiatric disorders, acting as a neuroprotective agent. As a first approach, the study aimed at a systematic review of the potential effects of curcumin on cognitive performance for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research was carried out in the databases of PubMed, Embase, SciELO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Web of Science, and the Grey literature. Upon discovering the scarcity of relevant studies, and knowing that curcumin might have an ADHD hyperactive and anxious behavior, the study proposed to evaluate the effects of curcumin in an ADHD phenotype of spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats (SHR). No studies were found that related to curcumin and ADHD. Fifteen SHRs were then divided into separate groups that received water (1 mg/kg/day), curcumin (50 mg/kg/day), or methylphenidate (1 mg/kg/day) for 42 days. Behavioral tests to assess activity (Open Field Test), anxiety and impulsivity (Elevated Plus-Maze, and Social Interaction), and memory (Y-Maze, and the Object Recognition Test) were all performed. The animals that were treated with curcumin showed less anxious and hyperactive behavior, as seen in the Open Field Test and the Social Interaction Test. Anxious behavior was measured by the EPM and was not modulated by any treatment. The results of the Y-Maze Test demonstrated that curcumin improved spatial memory. In the Object Recognition Test, neither the short nor the long-term memory was improved. The treatments that were used in this study beneficially modulated the anxious and hyperactive behavior of the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lélia Lilianna Borges de Sousa Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular Aplicada À Saúde, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 92425-020, Brasil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular Aplicada À Saúde, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 92425-020, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Emanuelle Sistherenn Caminski
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Toxicologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Toxicologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular Aplicada À Saúde, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 92425-020, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Hübner de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular Aplicada À Saúde, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, São José, Canoas, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 92425-020, Brasil
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18
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Mou YK, Guan LN, Yao XY, Wang JH, Song XY, Ji YQ, Ren C, Wei SZ. Application of Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models in the Study of Parkinson's Disease-Related Depression: Profile and Proposal. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890512. [PMID: 35645772 PMCID: PMC9136050 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression can be a non-motor symptom, a risk factor, and even a co-morbidity of Parkinson's disease (PD). In either case, depression seriously affects the quality of life of PD patients. Unfortunately, at present, a large number of clinical and basic studies focused on the pathophysiological mechanism of PD and the prevention and treatment of motor symptoms. Although there has been increasing attention to PD-related depression, it is difficult to achieve early detection and early intervention, because the clinical guidelines mostly refer to depression developed after or accompanied by motor impairments. Why is there such a dilemma? This is because there has been no suitable preclinical animal model for studying the relationship between depression and PD, and the assessment of depressive behavior in PD preclinical models is as well a very challenging task since it is not free from the confounding from the motor impairment. As a common method to simulate PD symptoms, neurotoxin-induced PD models have been widely used. Studies have found that neurotoxin-induced PD model animals could exhibit depression-like behaviors, which sometimes manifested earlier than motor impairments. Therefore, there have been attempts to establish the PD-related depression model by neurotoxin induction. However, due to a lack of unified protocol, the reported results were diverse. For the purpose of further promoting the improvement and optimization of the animal models and the study of PD-related depression, we reviewed the establishment and evaluation strategies of the current animal models of PD-related depression based on both the existing literature and our own research experience, and discussed the possible mechanism and interventions, in order to provide a reference for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kui Mou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shi-Zhuang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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19
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Sucrose intake and preference by Wistar Han rats are not influenced by sex or food/water deprivation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 216:173387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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An Update on the Exploratory Use of Curcumin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020353. [PMID: 35204235 PMCID: PMC8868558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric plant. Beyond its common use as a culinary spice in Eastern Asia, curcumin has been proposed as a therapeutic compound due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Thus, its efficacy has been evaluated in various inflammatory-based psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, or autism. Our aim is to review those preclinical and clinical studies carried out in psychiatric disorders whose therapeutic approach has involved the use of curcumin and, therefore, to discern the possible positive effect of curcumin in these disorders. Preclinical studies and completed clinical trials of curcumin for psychiatric disorders published from January 2005 to October 2021 were identified through searching relevant databases until 31st October 2021. Sixty-five preclinical studies and 15 clinical trials and open-label studies were selected. Results showed a bias toward studies in depression and, to a lesser extent, schizophrenia. In all disorders, the results were positive in reducing psychiatric deficits. Despite the considerable number of beneficial outcomes reported, the small number of trials and the heterogeneity of protocols make it difficult to draw solid conclusions about the real potency of curcumin in psychiatric disorders.
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21
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Samad N, Rao T, Rehman MHU, Bhatti SA, Imran I. Inhibitory Effects of Selenium on Arsenic-Induced Anxiety-/Depression-Like Behavior and Memory Impairment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:689-698. [PMID: 33745108 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water was detected in many areas of Pakistan. The intoxication of As causes various neurological diseases in humans, which can be inhibited by the administration of potent antioxidants. Trace elements are also found in drinking water such as selenium (Se), which possess antioxidant potential. The main purpose of the current study is to find out the protective effect of Se against As toxicity which can cause anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as memory impairment. Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups: (1) distilled water (dw)+dw, (2) dw+Se (0.175 mg/ml/kg), (3) dw+Se (0.35mg/ml/kg), (4) dw+As (2.5mg/ml/kg), (5) As (2.5mg/ml/kg) + Se (0.175 mg/ml/kg), and (6) As (2.5mg/ml/kg) + Se (0.35 mg/ml/kg). Rats were treated with respective treatment for 4 weeks. Sub-chronic treatment of As reduced time spent in open arm (elevated plus maze), and lightbox (light-dark activity test) and increased immobility time in forced swim test indicate anxiety- and/or depression-like behavior, respectively. Conversely, rats treated with As+Se (at both doses) increased time spent in open arm (elevated plus maze), and lightbox (light-dark activity test) and decreased immobility time in forced swim test indicate the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effect of Se, respectively. Co-administration of Se (0.175 and 0.35) inhibited As instigated reduction of spatial memory performed in Morris water maze. The reversal in the reduced level of malondialdehyde and activity of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus by Se was observed in As-treated animals, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus was increased in As+Se than dw+As-treated animals. Histopathological studies have shown the reversal of hippocampus deterioration by Se in As-treated rats. The results may imply to prevent the intoxication of As instigated impairment in behavioral and biochemical indices by Se supplementation and/or increased safer intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Tazeen Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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22
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Abstract
Curcumin is the major biologically active polyphenolic constituent in the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects. Interest in curcumin as a treatment for mental health conditions has increased and there is an expanding body of preclinical and clinical research examining its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. In this narrative review, human trials investigating the effects of curcumin for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms are summarised. Using findings from in vitro, animal, and human trials, possible biological mechanisms associated with the antidepressant effects of curcumin are also explored. To increase the understanding of curcumin for the treatment of depression, directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, 38 Arnisdale Rd, Duncraig, Perth, WA, 6023, Australia.
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Hu D, Gao J, Yang X, Liang Y. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Revisited: A Review of Anti-Depression Herbal Sources. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211059312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, which can be accompanied by many fatal diseases and a low life quality, has become the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. However, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the most authoritative and evidence-based encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), could contain leads and insights into the development of new antidepressant drugs. In this work, nine herbal medicines with ‘dispel melancholy functions’ specifically documented in Chinese Pharmacopoeia have been comprehensively reviewed with respect to clinical trials, and phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. The nine drugs are Rosae Chinensis Flos, Croci Stigma, Albiziae Cortex and Flos, Roase Rugosae Flos, Curcumae Radix, Hyperici Perforati Herba, Cyperi Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix. The mechanisms of action of their functional antidepressant compounds, including gallic acid, hypericin, kaempferol, crocetin, crocin, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, curcumin, hyperforin, adhyperforin, catechin, rutin, puerarin, and saikosaponins A and D, have been collected and discussed. These traditional Chinese herbs and their active compounds provide a promising resource to develop effective new antidepressant drugs in future. Moreover, mechanistic investigations, safety verification and large-scale clinical trials are still expected to finally transform such TCM-based antidepressant resources to new drugs for patients suffering from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Samad N, Manzoor N, Muneer Z, Bhatti SA, Imran I. Reserpine-induced altered neuro-behavioral, biochemical and histopathological assessments prevent by enhanced antioxidant defence system of thymoquinone in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2535-2552. [PMID: 34309746 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (Tq), an active compound of Nigella sativa, has been known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective characteristics. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of Tq on reserpine (Rsp)-induced behavioral (anxiety and/or depression) and, memory deficit; hippocampal inflammatory markers, oxidative markers, antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and histopathology in male mice. Animals were injected with Rsp at a dose of 2 mg/ml/kg and doses of Tq (10 and 20 mg/ml/kg) for 28 days. After the treatment period, behavioral tests [Elevated plus maze (Epm); Light dark box test (Lda); Morris water maze (Mwm); Forced swim test (Fst); Tail suspension test (Tst)] were conducted. After analysis of behaviors, mice were decapitated and brain samples were collected, the hippocampus was removed from the whole-brain sample for biochemical analysis and histology. Administration of Tq at both doses prevent adverse effects of Rsp and increased time spent in open arm and lightbox in Lda and Epm respectively, decreased immobility period in Fst and Tst, decreased latency escape in Mwm, reduced lipid peroxidation (lpo) and inflammatory cytokines, increased defensive enzymes, reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and corrected histological lines. It is concluded that Rsp-instigated behavioral and memory deficits were prevented by Tq possibly via its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Muneer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz A Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Xu S, Jiang M, Liu X, Sun Y, Yang L, Yang Q, Bai Z. Neural Circuits for Social Interactions: From Microcircuits to Input-Output Circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:768294. [PMID: 34776877 PMCID: PMC8585935 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.768294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors entail responses to social information and requires the perception and integration of social cues through a complex cognition process that involves attention, memory, motivation, and emotion. Neurobiological and molecular mechanisms underlying social behavior are highly conserved across species, and inter- and intra-specific variability observed in social behavior can be explained to large extent by differential activity of a conserved neural network. However, neural microcircuits and precise networks involved in social behavior remain mysterious. In this review, we summarize the microcircuits and input-output circuits on the molecular, cellular, and network levels of different social interactions, such as social exploration, social hierarchy, social memory, and social preference. This review provides a broad view of how multiple microcircuits and input-output circuits converge on the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala to regulate complex social behaviors, as well as a potential novel view for better control over pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xu
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Yahan Sun
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan University, Yanan, China
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Quercetin exhibits potent antioxidant activity, restores motor and non-motor deficits induced by rotenone toxicity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258928. [PMID: 34767546 PMCID: PMC8589152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rotenone-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been used to investigate the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress is one of the main contributors of neurodegeneration in PD. Flavonoids have the potential to modulate neuronal function and combat various neurodegenerative diseases. The pre- and post-supplementation of quercetin (50 mg/kg, p.o) was done in rats injected with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c). After the treatment, behavioral activities were monitored for motor activity, depression-like behavior, and cognitive changes. Rats were decapitated after behavioral analysis and the brain samples were dissected out for neurochemical and biochemical estimation. Results showed that supplementation of quercetin significantly (p<0.01) restored rotenone-induced motor and non-motor deficits (depression and cognitive impairments), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (p<0.01), and attenuated neurotransmitter alterations (p<0.01). It is suggested that quercetin supplementation improves neurotransmitter levels by mitigating oxidative stress via increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and hence improves motor activity, cognitive functions, and reduces depressive behavior. The results of the present study showed that quercetin pre-supplementation produced more significant results as compared to post-supplementation. These findings show that quercetin can be a potential therapeutic agent to reduce the risk and progression of PD.
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Peng Y, Ao M, Dong B, Jiang Y, Yu L, Chen Z, Hu C, Xu R. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in the Inflammatory Diseases: Status, Limitations and Countermeasures. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4503-4525. [PMID: 34754179 PMCID: PMC8572027 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s327378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural compound with great potential for disease treatment. A large number of studies have proved that curcumin has a variety of biological activities, among which anti-inflammatory effect is a significant feature of it. Inflammation is a complex and pervasive physiological and pathological process. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, COVID-19 and other research focus diseases are not clear yet, and they are considered to be related to inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin can effectively improve the symptoms of these diseases and is expected to be a candidate drug for the treatment of related diseases. This paper mainly reviews the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin, the inflammatory pathological mechanism of related diseases, the regulatory effect of curcumin on these, and the latest research results on the improvement of curcumin pharmacokinetics. It is beneficial to the further study of curcumin and provides new ideas and insights for the development of curcumin anti-inflammatory preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Neo-Green Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Matias JN, Achete G, Campanari GSDS, Guiguer ÉL, Araújo AC, Buglio DS, Barbalho SM. A systematic review of the antidepressant effects of curcumin: Beyond monoamines theory. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:451-462. [PMID: 33673739 DOI: 10.1177/0004867421998795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a severe, chronic, and recurring mental health disorder, which prevalence and morbimortality have increased in recent years. Several theories are proposed to elucidate the mechanisms of depression, such as the involvement of inflammation and the release of cytokines. Alternative treatments have been developed to improve outcomes of the commonly used drugs, and the use of Curcuma longa stands out. Its primary compound is named curcumin that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. AIMS Several studies have shown that curcumin may play antidepressant actions and, therefore, this study aimed to perform a systematic review of the antidepressant effects of curcumin to evaluate the impact of this compound in the treatment of this condition. METHODS This systematic review has included studies available in MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, and the final selection included 10 randomized clinical trials. CONCLUSION Curcumin improves depressant and anxiety behavior in humans. It can increase monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal apoptosis in the brain. Systemically, curcumin enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced cortisol levels, and reversed metabolic abnormalities. Studies with larger samples and standardized dose and formulation are required to demonstrate the benefits of curcumin in depression treatment since there are many variations in this compound's use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Novaes Matias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Achete
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Élen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiene Santos Buglio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saied NM, Georgy GS, Hussien RM, Hassan WA. Neuromodulatory effect of curcumin on catecholamine systems and inflammatory cytokines in ovariectomized female rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:337-346. [PMID: 33098686 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory products may represent the future for depressive disorder therapies. Curcumin (CUR) is a polyphenol and an active component of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CUR, as a natural anti-inflammatory agent, on neuro-inflammation related to depression and compare it with the effects of fluoxetine (FLX) and estradiol (E2 ) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The experimental animals were divided into the following five treatment groups (n = 10): sham-operated, OVX, OVX-E2 (100 μg/kg, im, every other day), OVX-FLX (20 mg/kg, ip, daily), and OVX-CUR (100 mg/kg, po, daily). The results indicated that CUR improved the animals' performances in the open field test and modulated dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine levels in several brain regions compared with the OVX group. CUR resulted in the down-regulation of monoamine oxidase b and up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, as well asDA receptor mRNA in the limbic region. In addition, CUR significantly attenuated the production of serum corticosterone hormone, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-β1, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide in the limbic system. Furthermore, CUR normalized malondialdehyde levels and led to a significant upsurge in total antioxidant capacity, compared with the OVX group. Consequently, CUR, besides being harmless, was efficient against inflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress, showing a greater effect on DA receptor expression than FLX and E2 in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Saied
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan S Georgy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokaya M Hussien
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Hassan
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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A Comparison Study of Chaihu Shugan San and Fluoxetine on Antidepression and Regulating Blood Rheology Effects with Chronic Restrained Stress Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6426383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chaihu Shugan San (CHSGS) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is often used in clinical practice to treat live Qi stagnation syndrome and depression. Fluoxetine is one of the commonly used drugs for the clinical treatment of depression. This study involved a comparison of CHSGS and fluoxetine on antidepression and regulating blood rheology effects with chronic restraint stress- (CRS-) induced depression rat models. Rats were induced depression models by CRS for 4 weeks. Upon successful induction of depression in the rats, the animal was administered CHSGS at 0.6 g/kg/d, 1.2 g/kg/d, or fluoxetine 1.8 mg/kg/d to corresponding groups by gavage for 2 weeks. The changes of CRS rats were determined by behavior observations and sucrose preference test and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis functional status. The changes in monoamine neurotransmitters and related indicators of blood status were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), blood rheometer, and other methods. The outcome shows that CHSGS is superior to fluoxetine in regulating the appearance and HPA axis function of model rats. In addition, CHSGS and fluoxetine have similar effects in improving blood rheology, and both can alleviate the hypercoagulable state of blood via the platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) pathway in rats of depression. It was also observed that CHSGS can improve the blood state of depressed rats by restoring liver coagulation-anticoagulation balance and endothelium-related functions.
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Yang C, Sui G, Li D, Wang L, Zhang S, Lei P, Chen Z, Wang F. Exogenous IGF-1 alleviates depression-like behavior and hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat diet mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113236. [PMID: 33137345 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence suggests that depression is more common in obese patients. This fact gives us a hint that obesity might be a promoter of depression, though a conclusion can not be drawn. The aim of the study was: (1) to confirm whether obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) promotes depression-like behaviors in mice, (2) to explore the protective role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in such behavioral disorder of the animals and (3) to reveal whether mitochondrial mechanism was involved in such protective effect of the reagent. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed with HFD to establish a model of obesity. Then, the animals were separately or simultaneously treated with PEG-IGF-1, 666-15 (CREB blocker) and SR-18292 (PGC-1α blocker). After that, depression-like behaviors were assessed using sucrose preference test and tail suspension test. In hippocampus, respiratory control ratio, ATP generation and red/green fluorescence ratio were adopted to reveal mitochondrial function. Also in hippocampus, expressions of p-CREB and PGC-1α were measured using western blotting. RESULTS HFD mice showed depression-like behaviors compared with control mice. Such diet also caused mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of CREB/PGC-1α signal pathway in hippocampus of these animals. After PEG-IGF-1 intervention, all the abnormalities mentioned above can be partly reversed. After 666-15 or SR-18292 treatment, such protective effect of PEG-IGF-1 can be attenuated, and the mice suffered from the re-deterioration of behavioral and mitochondrial abnormalities in hippocampus. CONCLUSION IGF-1 alleviated depression-like behaviors and mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of CREB/PGC-1α signal pathway in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Guanghong Sui
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shishuang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Haider S, Madiha S, Batool Z. Amelioration of motor and non-motor deficits and increased striatal APoE levels highlight the beneficial role of pistachio supplementation in rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1189-1200. [PMID: 32529399 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio contains polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids and anthocyanins which have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. Present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of pistachio on neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal model of PD was induced by the injection of rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 8 days. Pistachio (800 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given for two weeks in both pre- and post-treatment. At the end of treatment brain was dissected out and striatum was isolated for biochemical and neurochemical analysis. Memory was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) test while open field test (OFT), Kondziela inverted screen test (KIST), pole test (PT), beam walking test (BWT), inclined plane test (IPT) and footprint (FP) test were used to observe motor behavior. Rotenone administration significantly (p < 0.01) impaired the memory but pistachio in both pre- and post-treatment groups significantly (p < 0.01) improved memory performance. Rotenone-induced motor deficits were significantly attenuated in both pre- and post-pistachio treatment. Increased oxidative stress and decreased DA and 5-HT levels induced by rotenone were also significantly attenuated by pistachio supplementation. Furthermore, raised apolipoprotein E (APoE) levels in rotenone injected rats were also normalized following treatment with pistachio. Present findings show that pistachio possesses neuroprotective effects and improves memory and motor deficits via increasing DA levels and improving oxidative status in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Madiha
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Yarmohammadi F, Wallace Hayes A, Najafi N, Karimi G. The protective effect of natural compounds against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22605. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology University of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, multi-system, neurodegenerative disorder; PD patients exhibit motor symptoms (such as akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability) due to a loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia, autonomic disturbance, depression, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), which precedes motor symptoms. Pathologically, α-synuclein deposition is observed in the central and peripheral nervous system of sporadic PD patients. To clarify the mechanism of neurodegeneration in PD and to develop treatment to slow or stop PD progression, there is a great need for experimental models which reproduce neurological features of PD. Animal models exposed to rotenone, a commonly used pesticide, have received most attention since Greenamyre and his colleagues reported that chronic exposure to rotenone could reproduce the anatomical, neurochemical, behavioral, and neuropathological features of PD. In addition, recent studies demonstrated that rotenone induced neuropathological change not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral nervous system in animals. In this article, we review rotenone models especially focused on reproducibility of central and peripheral multiple features of PD. This review also highlights utility of rotenone models for investigation of PD pathogenesis and development of disease-modifying drugs for PD in future.
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Wang H, Jiang N, Lv J, Huang H, Liu X. Ginsenoside Rd reverses cognitive deficits by modulating BDNF-dependent CREB pathway in chronic restraint stress mice. Life Sci 2020; 258:118107. [PMID: 32682919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been widely recognized as a common symptom of chronic stress. Ginsenoside Rd (GRd), the major active compound in Panax ginseng, was previously reported in various neurological researches. However, little research is available regarding on the effect of GRd on cognitive improvement in mice subjected to chronic stress. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GRd in chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced cognitive deficits and explored the potential mechanism in male C57BL/6J mice. Our results demonstrated that oral administration of GRd for 28 days markedly increased the spontaneous alternation in Y-maze and the relative discrimination index in novel object or location recognition tests following CRS. Additionally, GRd treatment considerably increased the antioxidant enzymes activities in the hippocampus. The expression levels of hippocampus and serum inflammation factors in the CRS groups were also counter-regulated by GRd treatment. Meanwhile, GRd treatment could reverse CRS-induced the decrease in phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), camp-reflecting element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expression in the hippocampus. These findings provided evidences that GRd improves cognitive impairment in CRS mice by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, while upregulating the hippocampal BDNF-mediated CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Bharatiya R, Bratzu J, Lobina C, Corda G, Cocco C, De Deurwaerdere P, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Sanna F. The pesticide fipronil injected into the substantia nigra of male rats decreases striatal dopamine content: A neurochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral study. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wang Z, Ren W, Zhao F, Han Y, Liu C, Jia K. Curcumin amends Ca 2+ dysregulation in microglia by suppressing the activation of P2X7 receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 465:65-73. [PMID: 31894530 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is widely used as an anti-inflammation agent and has anti-depression potential. Neuroinflammation mediated by Ca2+ channel activation is closely associated with the progression of post-stroke depression (PSD). In the current study, the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in the anti-PSD function of Cur was explored. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and chronic mild stress administration to induce PSD symptoms and then treated with Cur. The behaviors of rats were assessed with sucrose preference and forced swim tests. The accumulation of Ca2+ and the systemic inflammatory response in rats were detected. To determine the role of P2X7R in the anti-PSD function of curcumin, the PSD mice were further administrated with P2X7R agonist and antagonist. The administration of Cur attenuated behavior disorders associated with PSD. Moreover, the Ca2+ accumulation and the inflammatory response associated with PSD were also blocked by Cur. Cur also inhibited the activation of Ca2+ channel. The induced activity of P2X7R blocked the function of Cur by maintaining the symptoms of PSD in Cur-treated rats. Collectively, the anti-PSD function of Cur was dependent on the inhibition of P2X7R, which then deactivated Ca2+ channel-mediated inflammatory response associated with PSD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Weihua Ren
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Fucheng Zhao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yanru Han
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Caili Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Kui Jia
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China.
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Ramaholimihaso T, Bouazzaoui F, Kaladjian A. Curcumin in Depression: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Current Evidence-A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:572533. [PMID: 33329109 PMCID: PMC7728608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating disorders. Current available treatments are somehow limited, so alternative therapeutic approaches targeting different biological pathways are being investigated to improve treatment outcomes. Curcumin is the main active component in the spice turmeric that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety and depressive disorders. In the past decades, curcumin has drawn researchers' attention and displays a broad range of properties that seem relevant to depression pathophysiology. In this review, we break down the potential mechanisms of action of curcumin with emphasis on the diverse systems that can be disrupted in MDD. Curcumin has displayed, in a number of studies, a potency in modulating neurotransmitter concentrations, inflammatory pathways, excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disturbances, insulin resistance, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and endocannabinoid system, all of which can be involved in MDD pathophysiology. To date, a handful of clinical trials have been published and suggest a benefit of curcumin in MDD. With evidence that is progressively growing, curcumin appears as a promising alternative option in the management of MDD.
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Influence of intranasal exposure of MPTP in multiple doses on liver functions and transition from non-motor to motor symptoms in a rat PD model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:147-165. [PMID: 31468077 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Besides the effects on the striatum, the impairment of visceral organs including liver functions has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, it is yet unclear if liver functions are affected in the early stage of the disease before the motor phase has appeared. The aim of our present study was thus to assess the effect of intranasal administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in different doses on striatum and liver functions. Deterioration of non-motor activities appeared on single exposure to MPTP along with rise in striatum oxidative stress and decline in antioxidant levels. Decreases in dopamine, noradrenaline, and GABA and increase in serotonin were detected in striatum. Motor coordination was impaired with a single dose of MPTP, and with repeated MPTP exposure, there was further significant impairment. Locomotor activity was affected from second exposure of MPTP, and the impairment increased with third MPTP exposure. Impairment of liver function through increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed after first MPTP insult, and it worsened with second and third administrations. First administration of MPTP triggered systemic inflammation showing significant increase in inflammatory markers in the liver. Our data shows for the first time that an intranasal route of entry of MPTP affects liver from the non-motor phase of PD itself, occurring concomitantly with the reduction of striatal dopamine. It also suggests that a single dose is not enough to bring about progression of the disease from non-motor to locomotor deficiency, and a repeated dose is needed to establish the motor severity phase in the rat intranasal MPTP model.
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