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Tross LFS, Magalhães Dias H, Callegari Zanetti M. Maintaining exercise in fitness centre settings: insights from the physical activity maintenance theory. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2409832. [PMID: 39359074 PMCID: PMC11451290 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2409832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines factors that influence long-term fitness centre participation, applying the Physical Activity Maintenance Theory to assess psychological and contextual influences on exercise adherence. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 regular fitness centre attendees in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were analysed using Bardin's Content Analysis, exploring the participants' experiences and the factors contributing to their sustained activity. RESULTS Autonomous motivation, such as enjoyment and satisfaction from workouts, along with self-efficacy, emerged as crucial for continued fitness centre attendance. The environment, including ambiance, social support, and facility quality, significantly impacted exercise persistence. However, challenges like time constraints, weather conditions, and personal issues occasionally hindered engagement. The study also highlights the role of personalized fitness programmes in supporting long-term adherence, suggesting that tailoring these programmes to individual goals could further enhance commitment. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the importance of fitness centres creating environments that align with individual needs and preferences. Customized programmes that cater to both personal and communal needs could bolster long-term adherence. Future research should explore the impact of personalized, community-integrated fitness approaches on sustaining active lifestyles, emphasizing the importance of accommodating individual preferences in maintaining regular exercise habits.
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2
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Werner KM, Berkman ET. Motivational dynamics of self-control. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 59:101859. [PMID: 39173561 PMCID: PMC11423838 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
How people respond to desires varies substantially across time and situations. Building on recent theoretical developments, we propose that motivation plays a central role in the dynamics of self-control as it unfolds across time. We illustrate the role of motivation in self-control by highlighting evidence that pursuing goals for intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) reasons plays a key role in shaping when and how people engage in self-control in service to their goals. We then expand this framework by outlining several promising directions for future research, specifically emphasizing the dynamic interplay between motivation and self-control at various stages in the regulation process. Ultimately, we posit that motivation is a key factor in helping people flexibly regulate desires in accordance with situational demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Werner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA.
| | - Elliot T Berkman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
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3
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Philips R, Baeken C, Billieux J, Harris JM, Maurage P, Muela I, Öz İT, Pabst A, Sescousse G, Vögele C, Brevers D. Brain mechanisms discriminating enactive mental simulations of running and plogging. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26807. [PMID: 39185739 PMCID: PMC11345703 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Enactive cognition emphasizes co-constructive roles of humans and their environment in shaping cognitive processes. It is specifically engaged in the mental simulation of behaviors, enhancing the connection between perception and action. Here we investigated the core network of brain regions involved in enactive cognition as applied to mental simulations of physical exercise. We used a neuroimaging paradigm in which participants (N = 103) were required to project themselves running or plogging (running while picking-up litter) along an image-guided naturalistic trail. Using both univariate and multivariate brain imaging analyses, we find that a broad spectrum of brain activation discriminates between the mental simulation of plogging versus running. Critically, we show that self-reported ratings of daily life running engagement and the quality of mental simulation (how well participants were able to imagine themselves running) modulate the brain reactivity to plogging versus running. Finally, we undertook functional connectivity analyses centered on the insular cortex, which is a key region in the dynamic interplay between neurocognitive processes. This analysis revealed increased positive and negative patterns of insular-centered functional connectivity in the plogging condition (as compared to the running condition), thereby confirming the key role of the insular cortex in action simulation involving complex sets of mental mechanisms. Taken together, the present findings provide new insights into the brain networks involved in the enactive mental simulation of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Philips
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital, UZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction MedicineLausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - James Madog Harris
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Ismael Muela
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC)University of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - İrem Tuğçe Öz
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 TeamUniversity of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Claus Vögele
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Damien Brevers
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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4
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Han Y, Wang Y, Li P, Zhang B. Attitude, Habit Strength, and the Relationship Between Intention and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior Among College Students. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39137291 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2389906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
According to the dual-process theories, many scholars proposed that physical activity behavior tends to be governed by an interplay of intentional planning and habitual action. The major purpose of this study was to determine the moderation effects of habit strength on the relationship between leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) intention and behavior and the impacts of cognitive and affective attitude on PA habit strength, utilizing a latent interaction modeling approach. A total of 1803 undergraduate students completed this study. All variables were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling and Hayes' PROCESS program (model 1) were conducted to address the research questions. Habit strength significantly and positively moderated the effects of intention on leisure time MVPA behavior (β = .08, p < .01). The association between intention and PA behavior became stronger as habit strength increased. Affective attitude positively and significantly influenced habit strength (β = .71, p < .01). The effect of cognitive attitude on habit strength was significant and negative with a small effect size (β = -.08, p < .01). Findings indicated that habit strength positively moderated the relationship between PA intention and behavior, suggesting that stronger habit strength may amplify the association between PA intention and actual PA behavior. Affective attitude toward PA significantly influenced habit strength, whereas cognitive attitude exhibited minimal negative impact on habit strength. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction effects between deliberative and automatic processes in regulating PA behavior, as well as the nuanced relationship between attitude and habit development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport
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5
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Phipps DJ, Hannan T, Hamilton K. A cross-lagged model of habits, implicit attitudes, autonomous motivation, and physical activity during COVID-19. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2813-2824. [PMID: 36469542 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the relationship between autonomous motivation and impulsive processes has been acknowledged in the context of physical activity, the directionality of this relationship is not clearly understood. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to investigate such relationships due to the fact that contextual changes brought about by government restrictions (e.g., stay at home orders, indoor gymnasium closures) may have influenced people's physical activity habits and motivation. The purpose of this study was to therefore investigate the bi-directional relationships between physical activity and previously established correlates: autonomous motivation, implicit attitudes, and habit. A sample of university students completed measures that assessed autonomous motivation, implicit attitude, habit and behaviors towards meeting physical activity guidelines each week during the coronavirus period at two time points, two weeks apart in a cross-lagged panel design. Path analysis found a significant reciprocal relationship between habits and autonomous motivation. There were no significant reciprocal relationships between autonomous motivation and implicit attitude, or with any study constructs and behavior. Current findings provide important preliminary formative evidence of associations between autonomous motivation and impulsive behavioral correlates, indicating a bi-directional relationship between autonomous motivation and physical activity habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Phipps
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
- Healthcare Practice and Survivorship, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Thomas Hannan
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
- Healthcare Practice and Survivorship, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, California, Merced, USA
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6
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Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, Isoard-Gautheur S, Pelletier L, Rocchi M, Cheval B. Automaticity mediates the association between action planning and physical activity, especially when autonomous motivation is high. Psychol Health 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36916020 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2188886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Action planning promotes physical activity (PA). However, mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood, as are the variables that moderate this link remain unexplored. To fill these gaps, we investigated whether automaticity mediated the association between action planning and PA, and whether autonomous motivation moderated this mediation. METHODS AND MEASURES PA was measured by accelerometry over seven days among a sample of 124 adults. Action planning, automaticity, and autonomous motivation were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS Structural equation models revealed that automaticity mediated the association between action planning and PA (total effect, β = .29, p < .001) - action planning was associated with automaticity (a path, β = .47, p < .001), which in turn related to PA (b path, β = .33, p = .003). Autonomous motivation moderated the a path (β = .16, p = .035) - action planning was more strongly associated with automaticity when autonomous motivation was high (+1 standard-deviation [SD]) (unstandardized b = 0.77, p < .001) versus low (-1 SD) (b = 0.35, p = .023). CONCLUSION These findings not only support that action planning favors an automatic behavioral regulation, but also highlight that a high autonomous motivation toward PA may reinforce this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Jankauskiene R, Urmanavicius D, Baceviciene M. Association between Motivation in Physical Education and Positive Body Image: Mediating and Moderating Effects of Physical Activity Habits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:464. [PMID: 36612785 PMCID: PMC9819534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about body image might prevent adolescents from participating in physical education (PE) classes and physical activities during leisure-time. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the relationships between teacher support of autonomy, student motivations for PE, and positive body image, in a sample of Lithuanian adolescents. A total of 715 adolescents (51.89% girls) participated in the study. Ages ranged from 14 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.00 (SD = 0.79) for girls and 15.99 (SD = 0.75) for boys. The questionnaire consisted of demographic questions, the Learning Climate Questionnaire, the Revised Perceived Locus of Causality in Physical Education Questionnaire, the Body Appreciation Scale-2, the Self-Report Habit Index for Physical Activity (PA), perceived physical fitness (PPF), and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The results showed that teacher support for students' autonomy was associated with higher positive body image. In adolescent girls, autonomous motivation for PE was the mediator between teacher support of autonomy and positive body image. The associations between self-determined motivation in PE and positive body image were mediated by PPF on one hand, and through PA habits and PPF on the other hand of the structural equation model (in girls). PA habits moderated associations between PE motivation and PPF. Associations between PE motivation and PPF were stronger in girls with the lowest PA habits compared to girls with mean PA habits. These results suggest that PE classes are important for promoting students' positive body images. PE teachers are advised to use pedagogical strategies that promote the self-determined motivation of students for PE. Increased self-determined motivation for physical education might be an effective strategy for physical self-perception and positive body image promotion in adolescent girls, especially those with low PA habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Danielius Urmanavicius
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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8
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The art of forming habits: applying habit theory in changing physical activity behaviour. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Habits are obtained as a consequence of cue-contingent behavioural repetition. Context cues stimulate strong habits without an individual contemplating that action has been initiated. Because of its health-enhancing effects, making physical activity a part of one’s life is essential. This study examined the associations of physical activity (PA) behaviours with PA habits and the role of autonomous motivation in developing PA habits.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire was implemented through emails to 226 university students, where PA levels, habits and autonomous motivation were self-reported.
Results
Binary logistic regression identified age groups, gender and participants who were trying to lose weight as the significant predictors in meeting physical activity guidelines. Path analysis showed that moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 0.045, CI = 0.069–0.248) and strength training exercises (β = 0.133, CI = 0.148–0.674) were significantly associated with PA habits (p < 0.01). Autonomous motivation was directly associated with PA habits (β = 0.062, CI = [0.295–0.541], p < 0.01) and was also significantly related to moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 0.243, CI = [0.078–0.266], p < 0.01) and strength training exercises (β = 0.202, CI = [0.033–0.594], p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The emphasis on experiment-based logic and interest in habit formation in the research community is extensive. As the college years offer an excellent opportunity to establish healthy behavioural interventions, encouraging students in regular PA and exhibiting an autonomous motivation towards PA may be necessary.
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9
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Rodrigues F, Figueiredo N, Teixeira D, Cid L, Monteiro D. The relationship between past exercise behavior and future exercise adherence: A sequential mediation analysis. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:2095-2101. [PMID: 36251986 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2135231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the mediation role of past exercise adherence, self-reported frequency and intentions in the association between past experience and future exercise adherence. In total, 431 exercisers (female = 216; male = 215) aged 18 and 64 years, engaged in fitness activities such as group fitness classes and resistance training, were included in the analysis. Serial mediation procedures were employed to examine the direct, indirect, and total indirect effects among variables. The predictor variable and all mediators displayed a positive and significant association with future six-month adherence. Past six-month exercise adherence displayed the most significant association with future six-month adherence. The sequential indirect path from exercise experience → past six-months adherence → self-reported frequency → intentions future six-months adherence displayed a positive and significant effect (β = .19 [CI95% = .09, .31]), presenting a partial mediation effect. Past behaviour is the most significant predictor of future adherence, and thus interventions should be based on promoting consistent exercise frequency. Professionals working in the fitness centre context can identify possible dropouts based on their past behaviour and intentions to be physically active in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodrigues
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - N Figueiredo
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - D Teixeira
- Lusófona University of Humanities and Technology (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Portugal
| | - L Cid
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnique of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
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10
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Weyland S, Fritsch J, Feil K, Jekauc D. Investigating the relation between positive affective responses and exercise instigation habits in an affect-based intervention for exercise trainers: A longitudinal field study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:994177. [PMID: 36211848 PMCID: PMC9540191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.994177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study contains an affect-based intervention intended to support exercise trainers in positively influencing their course participants' affective responses to their exercise courses. We argue that positive affective responses are associated with habit formation, thereby being a promising approach for avoiding high drop-out rates in exercise courses. First, the present study aimed to investigate whether the intervention for exercise trainers could increase (a) affective attitudes, and (b) exercise instigation habit strength, and influence the development of (c) weekly measured affective responses and (d) automaticity among adult participants of exercise courses. Second, it examined the relationship between the development of affective responses and exercise instigation habit strength. Ten exercise trainers of weekly sports and exercise courses at a German university received either an affect-based intervention or a control intervention. 132 of their course participants answered the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI; the automaticity sub-scale SRBAI was also analyzed) for exercise instigation habit strength and items to measure affective attitude in the initial and final assessment. Moreover, they were assessed for a duration of 10 weeks during which, each time after attending the course, they reported their affective response to exercise as well as their automaticity in arriving at the decision to exercise. In the repeated measures ANOVA, there was a significant main effect of time for exercise instigation habit strength. Overall, habit strength was higher in the final than in the initial assessment. However, there were no significant differences between the two conditions in all study variables. In the latent growth curve model, the trajectory of the latent growth curve of valence was a significant predictor of the final exercise instigation habit strength. While the applied affect-based intervention was not successful in enhancing positive affective responses to exercise, the results indicate that positive affective responses may contribute to strengthening exercise instigation habits. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of interventions in long-term study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Weyland
- Department of Health Education and Sports Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Jankauskiene R, Urmanavicius D, Baceviciene M. Associations between Perceived Teacher Autonomy Support, Self-Determined Motivation, Physical Activity Habits and Non-Participation in Physical Education in a Sample of Lithuanian Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 36135118 PMCID: PMC9495715 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we tested the associations between teacher autonomy support, self-determined motivation for physical education (PE), physical activity habits and non-participation in physical education in a sample of adolescents. A total of 715 adolescents (of whom 371 (51.89%) were girls) participated. The ages ranged from 14 to 18 years, with mean ages of 16.00 (SD = 0.79) for girls and 15.99 (SD = 0.75) for boys. The study questionnaire consisted of demographic questions and the Learning Climate Questionnaire, Revised Perceived Locus of Causality in Physical Education Questionnaire, Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 2, Self-Report Habit Index for Physical Activity, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, perceived physical fitness and frequency of non-participation in PE classes. The results showed that perceived teacher autonomy support was directly positively associated with physical activity habits and negatively with non-participation in physical education classes. Autonomous motivation for PE was a mediator between perceived teacher autonomy support and physical activity habits, meaning that higher autonomous motivation was related to higher physical activity habits. Motivation for PE was also a mediator between teacher autonomy support and non-participation in PE. Higher autonomous motivation for PE was associated with less frequent non-participation in PE classes. The findings can inform PE teachers' practice by showing that supporting students' autonomy and strengthening their self-determined motivation can facilitate increased participation in PE classes and the formation of students' physical activity habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Danielius Urmanavicius
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Lev Arey D, Blatt A, Gutman T. A Self-Determination Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention aimed at increasing adherence to physical activity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935702. [PMID: 36051214 PMCID: PMC9426339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention program designed to enhance levels of engagement in PA. Despite robust evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PA on overall health, only about 22% of individuals engage in the recommended minimum amount of PA. Recent surveys suggested that most individuals express intentions to be physically active, though the psychological state of amotivation dismissed these struggles. In the current study, we pilot-tested a new intervention program, aimed at enhancing engagement in PA among sedentary individuals. The intervention was based on two behavioral change and motivational psychological frameworks: Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). During a 14-week intervention program, 94 sedentary Israeli college students (Mage = 24.4, SD = 1.42, Females = 89) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: SDT and ACT-based intervention, traditional intervention, and a non-treatment group. Prior to and following the intervention, participants completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3) to examine motivation to exercise and the International Physical Activity Measurement IPAQ to evaluate their training frequency. Results showed that the SDT and ACT-based intervention group exhibited a significant increase in motivation to exercise between time 1 and time 2, while the other two groups (i.e., the traditional intervention program and the non-treatment group) showed insignificant differences in motivation to exercise. Furthermore, neither of the groups showed significant differences in their training frequency per week. However, those in the SDT and ACT-based groups reported an increase in activity intensity from time 1 to time 2 compared to the two other groups. Further, exercise psychology consultants and scholars can use the intervention protocol and utilize these findings to improve PA behaviors and promote health in the general population. Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Lev Arey
- School of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Asaf Blatt
- School of Behavioral Sciences, College of Management Academic Studies, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tomer Gutman
- School of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
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13
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Kilb M, Labudek S. Effects of behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value, and context stability on the formation of a higher-order nutrition habit: an intensive longitudinal diary study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:105. [PMID: 35962435 PMCID: PMC9372943 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Habits drive many of our health behaviors in our daily lives. However, little is known about the relative contribution of different key factors for habit formation in real-world contexts. We examined the effects of behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value (operationalized as tastiness), and context stability on the formation of a higher-order nutrition habit. Methods Participants were recruited via mailing lists and posts on social media platforms. N = 199 participants (Mage = 37.10 years, SD = 13.00, 86.93% female) received an online intervention for building the higher-order habit of filling half of their plates with vegetables at dinner and completed one daily online survey for up to 56 days, including the assessment of habit strength, behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value, and context stability, providing a total of N = 6352 daily measurements. N = 189 participants (N = 4175 measurements) could be included in the primary analysis. Utilizing multilevel modeling, we analyzed the impact of behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value, and context stability, as well as their interaction effects, on habit strength on the next day. Results Habit strength significantly increased over time. This effect was strengthened in persons with high mean levels of behavioral performance. Furthermore, mean levels of behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value, and context stability were all positively related to mean levels of habit strength. There were no positive effects of daily intraindividual variations in the three examined factors on habit strength at the next day. There was an unexpected negative effect of daily behavioral performance on habit strength at the next day. We found little to no evidence for our expected and pre-registered interaction effects. In an additional exploratory analysis, there were positive effects of daily intraindividual variations in the three factors on habit strength at the same day. Conclusions We found that behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value, and context stability were all independent predictors of habit strength of a higher-order habit at the between-person level. However, we did not find the expected associations at the within-person level. Habit interventions should promote the consistent performance of the target behaviors in stable contexts. Trial registration https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=vu2cg4. Registered 28.04.2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01343-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kilb
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, L13, 17, 68161, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sarah Labudek
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Preissner CE, Charles K, Knäuper B, Kaushal N. Predicting Decisional Determinants of Physical Activity Among Older Adults: An Integrated Behavior Approach. J Aging Health 2022; 34:569-580. [PMID: 34657497 PMCID: PMC9446452 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211049079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe present study applied the Integrated Behavior Change Model to investigate how behavioral decisions are predicted, namely, intention, planning, and habits, with respect to physical activity. Methods: Participants were older adults (ages 65+) residing in the U.S. (N = 667) who completed online measures of behavioral determinants (autonomous motivation, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, attitudes, intention, habit, and consistency), in addition to past behavior. Results: A structural equation model revealed that intention was predicted by past behavior and social-cognitive determinants. Social cognitive determinants mediated between past behavior and habit, as well as between autonomous motivation and habit. Intention mediated between past behavior and planning. Discussion: This study highlights the importance of multiple processes (social cognitive, habit/automatic, and post-intentional/planning) that formulate physical activity intentions. Mediation pathways revealed the importance of autonomous motivation for establishing intentions and habit. Facilitating these processes among older adults could be effective for promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Navin Kaushal
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
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15
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Investigating and Predicting Intentions to Continue Using Mobile Payment Platforms after the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study among Retailers in India. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm15070314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Indian retail industry has registered tremendous growth recently. The sudden emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the related measures that were taken by the authorities to curb the pandemic have compelled retailers and their consumers to transact using digital platforms. This study investigates the critical precursors to retailers’ behavioral intention to use mobile platforms for their business transactions in the post-pandemic era. This study adopted a framework that combined the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-determination theory (SDT) to predict behavioral intentions. A hybrid approach combining partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques was used to test and validate the proposed framework. Four hundred and ninety-six participants from different central Indian cities participated in the study. PLS-SEM results confirmed that the motivational factors (need satisfaction [NS] and need frustration [NF]) significantly influence the attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and behavioral intention (BI). Furthermore, the findings also established the partial mediating effect of AT, SN, and PBC on the relationship between motivational construct (NS and NF) and BI. Finally, the relationship established by SEM was successfully validated by ANN in the existence of a nonlinear relationship in the data. The findings may help retail stakeholders to support retail owners in their pursuit to continue using mobile payment systems in the post-COVID-19 world.
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16
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Ressa T. Dreaming college: Transition experiences of undergraduate students with disabilities. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoto Ressa
- Teacher Education Division Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
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17
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Oc Y, Plangger K. GIST do it! How motivational mechanisms help wearable users develop healthy habits. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Kaushal N, Berlin K, Hagger MS. Determinants of Virtual Exercise Equipment Use: An Integrated Model Investigation. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:42-51. [PMID: 34920413 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the limited research on behavioral determinants of using virtual exercise machines to engage in exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study applied an integrated behavior change model to identify behavioral determinants using these machines. METHOD Adult owners of livestreaming virtual exercise equipment (N = 123) completed measures of social cognition, planning, motivation, virtual exercise machine features, and sociostructural variables at an initial occasion (T1) and 4 weeks later (T2). Hypothesized relations among model constructs were tested using a cross-lagged structural equation model with past behavior and sociostructural variables as covariates. RESULTS Autonomous motivation predicted intentions and habit indirectly via attitudes and perceived behavioral control at T1; virtual exercise machine features predicted intention and habit indirectly via social cognition constructs at T1; and intention and habit at T1 predicted exercise behavior at T2. CONCLUSIONS This study supports social cognition constructs and virtual features as predictors of exercise using virtual exercise machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kaushal
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,USA
| | - Kathy Berlin
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,USA
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA,USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä,Finland
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19
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Teixeira DS, Rodrigues F, Machado S, Cid L, Monteiro D. Did You Enjoy It? The Role of Intensity-Trait Preference/Tolerance in Basic Psychological Needs and Exercise Enjoyment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682480. [PMID: 34177737 PMCID: PMC8222508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting exercise regimens that aim at enhancing the quality of individuals’ subjective exercise experience can be challenging. Given the recent theoretical contributions regarding the possible interaction of exercise intensity-traits and several motivational variables, as well as their potential value for exercise adherence, the objective of this study was to examine the mediation role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity and enjoyment. This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 160 exercisers (Mage = 34.12, SD = 9.23, 73 males) enrolled in several health clubs. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.4. The results indicate that intensity-traits presented positive associations with enjoyment, and negative associations with all of needs frustration variables. A mediation role of needs frustration emerged in the intensity-traits and enjoyment associations that was analyzed according to relatable theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S Teixeira
- Universidade Lusófona, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Cid
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,ESECS - Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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20
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Preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q): validity, reliability and gender invariance in Portuguese health club exercisers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Peng W, Li L, Kononova A, Cotten S, Kamp K, Bowen M. Habit Formation in Wearable Activity Tracker Use Among Older Adults: Qualitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e22488. [PMID: 33464216 PMCID: PMC7854033 DOI: 10.2196/22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wearable activity trackers are popular devices used to motivate behavior change. Wearable activity trackers are especially beneficial for encouraging light physical activity such as walking, which is an ideal behavior for older adults or individuals who cannot be physically active at moderate and vigorous levels. A common problem is that people do not continue to use these wearable devices, with initial behavioral change gains eroding as people disengage. Limited research is available regarding the continued use of wearable activity trackers. The habit formation literature may provide insights into the long-term use of wearables and other health informatics devices. Objective This study aims to uncover the mechanism underlying the long-term continued use of wearable devices among older adults through the theoretical lens of habit formation. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants who were aged 65 years or older and had used wearable activity trackers for more than 6 months to understand their experiences and the strategies they employed to support continued use. Results Thematic analysis of data revealed 8 themes related to habit formation, including aspects in initiation and goal setting, use of contextual cues, action planning, and coping planning. Long-term users tended to have meaningful initiation of wearable activity trackers. They usually started with a small behavioral change goal and gradually increased it. They used consistent time and locational cues to make the use of wearable activity trackers routine. Long-term users also used creative contextual cues and reminders to facilitate action planning, engaged in coping planning to deal with anticipated problems, and had a positive mindset and inventive strategies for managing unfulfillment and lapses. Conclusions The results of this qualitative study of long-term users of wearable activity trackers suggest specific ways to enhance long-term habit formation among older adults. These best practices by long-term users can inform the future design of technology-based behavior interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lin Li
- College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Anastasia Kononova
- College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Kendra Kamp
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marie Bowen
- State of Michigan, Lansing, MI, United States
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22
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Kaushal N, Keith N, Aguiñaga S, Hagger MS. Social Cognition and Socioecological Predictors of Home-Based Physical Activity Intentions, Planning, and Habits during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E133. [PMID: 32878142 PMCID: PMC7551445 DOI: 10.3390/bs10090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
'Shelter in place' and 'lockdown' orders implemented to minimize the spread of COVID-19 have reduced opportunities to be physically active. For many, the home environment emerged as the only viable option to participate in physical activity. Previous research suggests that availability of exercise equipment functions as a determinant of home-based physical activity participation among the general adult population. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological framework to investigate how the availability of exercise equipment at home predicts behavioral decisions, namely, intention, planning, and habits with respect to participation in physical activity. Participants (n = 429) were adults recruited in U.S. states subject to lockdown orders during the pandemic who completed measures online. A structural equation model indicated that availability of cardiovascular and strength training equipment predicted physical activity planning. Social cognition constructs mediated the relationship between each type of exercise equipment and intentions. Autonomous motivation and perceived behavioral control were found to mediate the relationship between each type of exercise equipment and habit. The availability of large cardiovascular and strength training equipment demonstrated significant predictive effects with intention, planning, habit, and autonomous motivation. Facilitating these constructs for home-based physical activity interventions could be efficacious for promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kaushal
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 47405, USA
| | - NiCole Keith
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Susan Aguiñaga
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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23
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Kruglanski AW, Szumowska E. Habitual Behavior Is Goal-Driven. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 15:1256-1271. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620917676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We address the relation between goal-driven and habitual behaviors. Whereas in recent years the two have been juxtaposed, we suggest that habitual behavior is in fact goal-driven. To support this view, we show that habitual behavior is sensitive to changes in goal properties (reward contingencies), namely goal value and its expectancy of attainment. Whereas adjustment to these properties may be slower for habitual (or overlearned) than for nonhabitual behavior, this is likely due to the routinized (or automatic) nature of such behavior, characterized as it is by reduced attention to its consequences. Furthermore, we show that habitual behavior’s prolonged persistence despite its manifest detachment from the original goal likely stems from its attachment to a different goal. Thus, there is no need to postulate purposeless behavior. The view that habitual behavior is goal-driven offers an integrative account of a considerable body of evidence and is consistent with a functional account of psychological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Szumowska
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
- Department of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University
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24
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Barkoukis V, Lazuras L, Ourda D, Tsorbatzoudis H. Are nutritional supplements a gateway to doping use in competitive team sports? The roles of achievement goals and motivational regulations. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:625-632. [PMID: 31928883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study investigated the moderating role of achievement goals and motivation regulations on the association between self-reported nutritional supplement (NS) use, doping likelihood, and self-reported doping behaviour among competitive athletes. METHOD Four hundred and ninety seven competitive team sport athletes (64% males; M age=23.54 years, SD=5.75) completed anonymous questionnaires measuring self-reported use of prohibited substances and licit NS; beliefs about the "gateway" function of NS; achievement goals; and motivational regulations. RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that self-reported doping was associated (Adjusted R2=33%) with NS use, a stronger belief that NS use acts as a gateway to doping, amotivation, controlled motivation, mastery approach, and performance avoidance goals. Higher likelihood to use doping substances in the future was associated (Adjusted R2=41.7%) with current NS use, stronger belief that NS act as a gateway to doping, autonomous motivation, and performance avoidance goals. A series of moderated regression analyses showed that NS use significantly interacted with mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance avoidance goals, autonomous motivation controlled motivation, and with amotivation in predicting self-reported doping. Finally, NS use significantly interacted with mastery approach goals, performance avoidance goals, and controlled motivation in predicting future doping likelihood. CONCLUSIONS Achievement goals and motivational regulations are differentially associated with both doping likelihood and self-reported doping, and may account for the observed association between self-reported NS use and doping substances; thus, providing an alternative explanation to the "gateway hypothesis" that emphasizes the role of motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Barkoukis
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK.
| | - Despoina Ourda
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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25
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Olson JL, Ireland MJ, March S, Biddle SJH, Hagger MS. Physical Activity in Peri-Urban Communities: Testing Intentional and Implicit Processes within an Ecological Framework. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 12:357-383. [PMID: 31729187 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the substantive health inequalities in peri-urban communities and the potential for physical activity to promote health in these communities, identifying modifiable physical activity determinants in this population is important. This study explored effects of the peri-urban environment and psychological constructs on physical activity intentions and behavioural automaticity guided by an integrated theoretical framework. METHODS Peri-urban Australians (N = 271) completed self-report measures of environmental (i.e. physical/social environment, and neighbourhood selection), motivational (i.e. autonomous motivation), and social cognition (i.e. attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioural control [PBC]) constructs, past behaviour, intentions, and automaticity. RESULTS A well-fitting path analytic model revealed that: autonomous motivation predicted all social cognition constructs; subjective norms and PBC, but not attitudes; autonomous motivation predicted intentions and automaticity; and subjective norms and PBC mediated effects of autonomous motivation on intentions. Of the environmental constructs, only neighbourhood selection was related to intentions, mediated by PBC. CONCLUSIONS Autonomous motivation is an important correlate of physical activity intentions and automaticity, and subjective norms and PBC also related to intentions. Individuals perceiving a supportive environment were more likely to report positive PBC and intentions. Targeting change in autonomous motivation, and normative and control beliefs may help enhance physical activity intentions and automaticity in peri-urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Olson
- University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia.,Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Sonja March
- University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | | | - Martin S Hagger
- University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Teixeira DS, Pelletier LG, Monteiro D, Rodrigues F, Moutão J, Marinho DA, Cid L. Motivational patterns in persistent swimmers: A serial mediation analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:660-669. [PMID: 31578934 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1675768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the present study was to examine the associations between coach-created task-involving climate and athletes' intentions to continue practicing sport, through a serial mediation analysis that included basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPN), self-determined motivation (SDM) and enjoyment. Methods: Seven-hundred and ninety-nine elite swimmers (450 males, 349 females; aged 12-22 years, M = 16.65, SD = 2.83) participated in the present study. Groups were created according to age, years of experience, and gender. Results: Serial mediation analysis provided support for the proposed model where BPN's and enjoyment represent the most important mediators between task-involving climate and athletes' intentions to continue sport practice. Conclusion: Enjoyment stands out as the most relevant predictor of intention to persist and as a significant mediator in the relation between task-involvement climate, BPN, SDM, and long-term sports practice. The task-involving climate created by coaches appears to set in motion a sequence where the satisfaction of basic needs and SDM lead to more enjoyment and increased persistence among young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L G Pelletier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D Monteiro
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F Rodrigues
- Sports Science Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J Moutão
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D A Marinho
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Sports Science Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Cid
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
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27
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Machado S, Monteiro D. The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:585-595. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sport Sciences University of Beira Interior Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development CIDESD Portugal
| | | | - Luis Cid
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development CIDESD Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior Polytechnique Institute of Santarém Rio Maior Portugal
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience (LABNAF) Physical Activity Sciences Post‐Graduate Program Salgado de Oliveira University Brazil
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration (LABPR) Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Brazil
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Brazil
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development CIDESD Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior Polytechnique Institute of Santarém Rio Maior Portugal
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28
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Motivation and psychological need fulfillment on the pathway to identity resolution. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Rodrigues F, Hair JF, Neiva HP, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Monteiro D. The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise (BPNSFS-E): Validity, Reliability, and Gender Invariance in Portuguese Exercisers. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:949-972. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512519863188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale for Portuguese exercisers. In addition, we sought to analyze gender invariance. We collected data from two independent samples of Portuguese respondents—a calibration sample with 316 participants and a validation sample with 632 participants. Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the original six-factor model in both the calibration sample, χ2(237) = 471.814, χ2/ df = 1.99; B–S p < .001, Comparative Fit Index = .935, Tucker–Lewis Index =.924, standard mean root square residual = .047, root mean square error of approximation = .057 (90% confidence interval = [.050, .065]), and the validation sample, χ2(237) = 571.796, χ2/ df = 2.41; B–S p < .001, Comparative Fit Index = .948, Tucker–Lewis Index = .940, standard mean root square residual = .038, root mean square error of approximation = .047 (90% confidence interval = [.042, .052]). Moreover, our analysis revealed acceptable internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of the translated version, and invariance between the two samples and between genders, as differences across latent means showed that magnitude effects were trivial between samples and between male and female exercisers. These results support the use of the adapted scale among both male and female exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sports Science, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sports Science, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Portugal
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30
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira DS, Cid L, Monteiro D. Promoting Physical Exercise Participation: The Role of Interpersonal Behaviors for Practical Implications. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4020040. [PMID: 33467355 PMCID: PMC7739331 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people engaging in physical exercise has been decreasing every year. These behaviors are known to be related with non-communicable chronic diseases and to drastically increase premature morbidity and mortality. Since "the lack of motivation" has been pointed out as one of the main reasons for not engaging in physical exercise, several theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted aimed at understanding what influences behavior regulation. According to literature, gym exercisers who perceive exercise instructors as supportive are more likely to maintain physical exercise participation over the long-run. Supporting autonomy, competence, and relatedness should be carefully considered when interacting with health club clients as a way to promote more autonomous motivation. Overall, it seems that exercise instructors should foster a supportive environment for gym exercisers, in order to encourage exercise as a habitual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- Department of Sports Science, University da Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Diogo S. Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (ULHT), Lusófona University, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Luís Cid
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
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Fournier M, Radel R, Bailly L, Pradier C, Fabre R, Fuch A, Mossé P, Domerego JJ, Gal J, d'Arripe-Longueville F. "As du Coeur" study: a randomized controlled trial on physical activity maintenance in cardiovascular patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29720097 PMCID: PMC5932761 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of supervised physical activity programs in cardiac rehabilitation have been amply demonstrated, but the quantity of physical activity often declines quickly once supervision ends. This trial assesses the effectiveness of an experimental intervention drawing on habit formation theory to maintain physical activity. Methods Cardiovascular patients (N = 47) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group participated in two supervised physical activity (SPA) sessions per week for 20 weeks. The second group was offered a progressively autonomous physical activity (PAPA) program as follows: the same supervised program as the SPA group for 10 weeks and then a further 10 weeks with one supervised session replaced by a strategy to build and sustain the habit of autonomous physical activity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; Craig et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(8):1381–1395, 2003) was used to measure the quantity of physical activity, which was the primary outcome. The number of participants was limited, and we thus took multiple IPAQ measurements (at 0, 5, 7, 9 and 12 months after the start of the intervention) and used a mixed model for analysis. Physical condition, automaticity of the physical activity behavior, motivation, and quality of life were examined for changes. Results No significant between-group differences were noted for physical activity behaviors after the program, physical condition, motivation, or behavioral automaticity. The PAPA group nevertheless completed more PA sessions during the intervention, and their quality of life was significantly higher than that of the SPA group at 12 months. Conclusion Although the number of supervised sessions was lower, the progressively autonomous PA program resulted in the same or even higher positive outcomes than the fully supervised PA program. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN77313697, retrospectively registered on 20 November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rémi Radel
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Pradier
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Roxane Fabre
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.,EA Cobtek, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Alain Fuch
- Régime Social des Indépendants, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Mossé
- Laboratoire LEST CNRS, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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