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Kumari A, Sutariya JA, Rathore AP, Rathore MS. The novel chaperonin 10 like protein (SbCPN10L) from Salicornia brachiata (Roxb.) augment the heat stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Gene 2024; 900:148139. [PMID: 38185292 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The heat stress is a significant environmental challenge and impede the plant growth, development and productivity. The characterization and utilization of novel genes for improving stress tolerance represents a paramount approach in crop breeding. In the present study, we report on cloning of a novel heat-induced chaperonin 10-like gene (SbCPN10L) from Salicornia brachiata and elucidation of its in-planta role in conferring the heat stress endurance. The transgenic tobacco over-expressing SbCPN10L gene exhibited enhanced growth attributes such as higher rate of seed germination, germination and vigor index at elevated (35 ± 1 °C) temperature (eT). The SbCPN10L tobacco exhibited greenish and healthy seedling growth under stress. Compared with control tobacco at eT, the transgenic tobacco had higher water contents, membrane stability index, stress tolerance index and photosynthetic pigments. Lower electrolyte leakage and less accumulation of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species indicated better heat stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco over-expressing SbCPN10L gene. Transgenic tobacco accumulated higher contents of sugars, starch, amino acids and polyphenols at eT. The negative solute potential observed in transgenic tobacco contributed to maintain water content and support improved growth under stress. The up-regulation of NtAPX, NtPOX and NtSOD in transgenic tobacco under stress indicated higher ROS scavenging ability and better physiological conditioning. The results recommend the SbCPN10L gene as a potential candidate gene with an ability to confer heat stress tolerance for climate resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, INDIA; Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, INDIA.
| | - Jigar A Sutariya
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, INDIA.
| | - Aditya P Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, INDIA; Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, INDIA.
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, INDIA; Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, INDIA.
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2
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Aguirre-Bottger C, Zolla G. The best of both worlds: photosynthesis and Solanaceae biodiversity seeking a sustainable food and cosmetic industry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1362814. [PMID: 38434437 PMCID: PMC10904534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaston Zolla
- Grupo de Investigation en Fisiología Molecular de Plantas, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
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Chang H, Chen YT, Huang HE, Ger MJ. Overexpressing plant ferredoxin-like protein enhances photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrates accumulation in Phalaenopsis. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:547-560. [PMID: 37851307 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of three major models of carbon dioxide assimilation pathway with better water-use efficiency and slower photosynthetic efficiency in photosynthesis. Previous studies indicated that the gene of sweet pepper plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) shows high homology to the ferredoxin-1(Fd-1) family that belongs to photosynthetic type Fd and involves in photosystem I. It is speculated that overexpressing pflp in the transgenic plant may enhance photosynthetic efficiency through the electron transport chain (ETC). To reveal the function of PFLP in photosynthetic efficiency, pflp transgenic Phalaenopsis, a CAM plant, was generated to analyze photosynthetic markers. Transgenic plants exhibited 1.2-folds of electron transport rate than that of wild type (WT), and higher CO2 assimilation rates up to 1.6 and 1.5-folds samples at 4 pm and 10 pm respectively. Enzyme activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was increased to 5.9-folds in Phase III, and NAD+-linked malic enzyme (NAD+-ME) activity increased 1.4-folds in Phase IV in transgenic plants. The photosynthesis products were analyzed between transgenic plants and WT. Soluble sugars contents such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose were found to significantly increase to 1.2, 1.8, and 1.3-folds higher in transgenic plants. The starch grains were also accumulated up to 1.4-folds in transgenic plants than that of WT. These results indicated that overexpressing pflp in transgenic plants increases carbohydrates accumulation by enhancing electron transport flow during photosynthesis. This is the first evidence for the PFLP function in CAM plants. Taken altogether, we suggest that pflp is an applicable gene for agriculture application that enhances electron transport chain efficiency during photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-En Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taitung University, Taitung, 95002, Taiwan
| | - Mang-Jye Ger
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan.
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Varghese R, Cherukuri AK, Doddrell NH, Doss CGP, Simkin AJ, Ramamoorthy S. Machine learning in photosynthesis: Prospects on sustainable crop development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111795. [PMID: 37473784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthesis is a promising avenue to increase food security. Studying photosynthetic traits with the aim to improve efficiency has been one of many strategies to increase crop yield but analyzing large data sets presents an ongoing challenge. Machine learning (ML) represents a ubiquitous tool that can provide a more elaborate data analysis. Here we review the application of ML in various domains of photosynthetic research, as well as in photosynthetic pigment studies. We highlight how correlating hyperspectral data with photosynthetic parameters to improve crop yield could be achieved through various ML algorithms. We also propose strategies to employ ML in promoting photosynthetic pigment research for furthering crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ressin Varghese
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswani Kumar Cherukuri
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mubarak A, Burgess A, Pyke K, Quick W, Murchie E. Mass screening of rice mutant populations at low CO 2 for identification of lowered photorespiration and respiration rates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125770. [PMID: 36938057 PMCID: PMC10020370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm with improved efficiency of primary metabolism is of utmost importance in order to increase yields. One such approach can be attained through screening genetically diverse populations under altered environmental conditions. Growth or treatment under low carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations can be used as a means of revealing altered leaf photorespiration, respiration and other metabolic variants. METHODS We developed a pipeline for very high throughput treatment of gamma- and ethyl methanesulfonate- (EMS) induced mutant populations of IR64 rice seedlings at very low CO2 for 7 days. 1050 seedlings per batch at 5th leaf stage were exposed to 60 ppm CO2 for the first day and 30 ppm for the remaining three days. Following this, putative candidates were identified by measuring chlorophyll depletion using SPAD. Screening results showed a distinct difference between the mutants and the WTs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mean chlorophyll loss in WTs ranged from 65% to 11% respectively, whereas in the mutant lines chlorophyll loss ranged from 0 to 100%, suggesting considerable phenotypic variation. Rice mutants with a reduced chlorophyll reduction (<10%) were identified as 'Chlorophyll retention mutants' (CRMs) under low CO2 stress. In total, 1909 mutant lines (14,000 seedlings) were screened for chlorophyll content under 30 ppm CO2, with 26 lines selected for detailed screening. These 26 putative candidates were self-seeded to produce an M5 generation, used to determine the genetic control of the altered response to low CO2. Gas exchange of light and CO2 response revealed that there were significant variations among photosynthetic properties in two selected rice mutants. The CO2 compensation points in the absence of photorespiration and leaf respiration rates were lower than the WTs and anatomical analyses showed that CRM 29 had improved mesophyll cell area. We propose that this approach is useful for generating new material for breeding rice with improved primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.N.M. Mubarak
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, University Park, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - A.J. Burgess
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - K. Pyke
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - W.P. Quick
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - E.H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Rosado-Souza L, Yokoyama R, Sonnewald U, Fernie AR. Understanding source-sink interactions: Progress in model plants and translational research to crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:96-121. [PMID: 36447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration. While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield, until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors, including within-plant nutrient allocation. In this review, we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field. In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3, C4, and CAM modes of photosynthesis, altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain, modulating photorespiration, adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and enhancing nitrogen- and water-use efficiencies. Moreover, we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford. Although source, transport, and sink functions are all covered in this review, we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field. Nevertheless, considerable recent evidence, alongside the evidence from classical studies, demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield. We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Ryo Yokoyama
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Kumar A, Pandey SS, Kumar D, Tripathi BN. Genetic manipulation of photosynthesis to enhance crop productivity under changing environmental conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:1-21. [PMID: 36319887 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Current global agricultural production needs to be increased to feed the unconstrained growing population. The changing climatic condition due to anthropogenic activities also makes the conditions more challenging to meet the required crop productivity in the future. The increase in crop productivity in the post green revolution era most likely became stagnant, or no major enhancement in crop productivity observed. In this review article, we discuss the emerging approaches for the enhancement of crop production along with dealing to the future climate changes like rise in temperature, increase in precipitation and decrease in snow and ice level, etc. At first, we discuss the efforts made for the genetic manipulation of chlorophyll metabolism, antenna engineering, electron transport chain, carbon fixation, and photorespiratory processes to enhance the photosynthesis of plants and to develop tolerance in plants to cope with changing environmental conditions. The application of CRISPR to enhance the crop productivity and develop abiotic stress-tolerant plants to face the current changing climatic conditions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India.
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246 174, India.
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484886, India
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8
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Adler L, Díaz-Ramos A, Mao Y, Pukacz KR, Fei C, McCormick AJ. New horizons for building pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms in plants to improve yields. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1609-1627. [PMID: 35961043 PMCID: PMC9614477 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many photosynthetic species have evolved CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to improve the efficiency of CO2 assimilation by Rubisco and reduce the negative impacts of photorespiration. However, the majority of plants (i.e. C3 plants) lack an active CCM. Thus, engineering a functional heterologous CCM into important C3 crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), has become a key strategic ambition to enhance yield potential. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pyrenoid-based CCM in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and engineering progress in C3 plants. We also discuss recent modeling work that has provided insights into the potential advantages of Rubisco condensation within the pyrenoid and the energetic costs of the Chlamydomonas CCM, which, together, will help to better guide future engineering approaches. Key findings include the potential benefits of Rubisco condensation for carboxylation efficiency and the need for a diffusional barrier around the pyrenoid matrix. We discuss a minimal set of components for the CCM to function and that active bicarbonate import into the chloroplast stroma may not be necessary for a functional pyrenoid-based CCM in planta. Thus, the roadmap for building a pyrenoid-based CCM into plant chloroplasts to enhance the efficiency of photosynthesis now appears clearer with new challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuwei Mao
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Krzysztof Robin Pukacz
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Chenyi Fei
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Sales CRG, Molero G, Evans JR, Taylor SH, Joynson R, Furbank RT, Hall A, Carmo-Silva E. Phenotypic variation in photosynthetic traits in wheat grown under field versus glasshouse conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3221-3237. [PMID: 35271722 PMCID: PMC9126738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the untapped potential of photosynthesis to improve crop yields has spurred research to identify targets for breeding. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is characterized by a number of inefficiencies, and frequently limits carbon assimilation at the top of the canopy, representing a clear target for wheat improvement. Two bread wheat lines with similar genetic backgrounds and contrasting in vivo maximum carboxylation activity of Rubisco per unit leaf nitrogen (Vc,max,25/Narea) determined using high-throughput phenotyping methods were selected for detailed study from a panel of 80 spring wheat lines. Detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits in the two lines using glasshouse-grown plants showed no difference in Vc,max,25/Narea determined directly via in vivo and in vitro methods. Detailed phenotyping of glasshouse-grown plants of the 80 wheat lines also showed no correlation between photosynthetic traits measured via high-throughput phenotyping of field-grown plants. Our findings suggest that the complex interplay between traits determining crop productivity and the dynamic environments experienced by field-grown plants needs to be considered in designing strategies for effective wheat crop yield improvement when breeding for particular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Int. Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- KWS Momont Recherche, 7 rue de Martinval, 59246 Mons-en-Pévèle, France
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ryan Joynson
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Limagrain Europe, CS 3911, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
| | - Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Correspondence: or
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Kumari J, Haque MI, Jha RK, Rathore MS. The red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii antiporter gene (KaNa +/H +) confers abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3729-3743. [PMID: 35141817 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant establishment, growth, development and productivity are adversely affected by abiotic stresses that are dominant characteristics of environmentally challenged/degraded habitats created in the Anthropocene. Crop breeding for climate resilience properties is need of the hour to sustain the crop productivity. We report on the characterization of Kappaphycus alvarezii (a red seaweed) Na+/H+ antiporter gene (KaNa+/H+) for enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance. METHODS The KaNa+/H+ antiporter gene was cloned and over-expressed in tobacco under the control of CaMV35S promoter. Transgenic analysis was carried out to assess the stress tolerance ability of tobacco over-expressing KaNa+/H+ antiporter gene. RESULTS Over-expression of KaNa+/H+ gene improved the seed germination and seed vigor index under stress. Transgenic plants grew better and exhibited delayed leaf senescence. Improved K+/Na+, carotenoid/total chlorophyll and relative water content; lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA and Na+; lower electrolyte leakage; better membrane stability index and accumulation of K+, photosynthetic pigment, starch, sugar, free amino acid, proline and polyphenol contents indicated better physiological health of the transgenic tobacco under stress. Transgenic tobacco exhibited higher photosynthesis, photosystem II efficiency, electron transfer rate, photochemical quenching and activity of water splitting complex. Compared with control tobacco, transgenic tobacco exhibited higher expression of stress-defence genes under stress and better recovery after long-term osmotic stress. CONCLUSIONS Lower Na+ cytotoxicity, lower accumulation of ROS and maintenance of the membrane integrity helped transgenic tobacco to maintain the physiological functioning under stress. Present results established K. alvarezii as a potential gene resource and the KaNa+/H+ antiporter gene as a potential candidate gene in molecular breeding of crops for development of the degraded land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Md Intesaful Haque
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Rajesh K Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
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Simkin AJ, Kapoor L, Doss CGP, Hofmann TA, Lawson T, Ramamoorthy S. The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:23-42. [PMID: 35064531 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light harvesting by absorbing light at different wavelengths and allowing photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different environments, either in the long-term or during transient changes in light. Carotenoids play diverse roles in photosynthesis, including light capture and as crucial antioxidants to reduce photodamage and photoinhibition. In the marine habitat, phycobilins capture a wide spectrum of light and have allowed cyanobacteria and red algae to colonise deep waters where other frequencies of light are attenuated by the water column. In this review, we discuss the potential strategies that photosynthetic pigments provide, coupled with development of molecular biological techniques, to improve crop yields through enhanced light harvesting, increased photoprotection and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leepica Kapoor
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanja A Hofmann
- OSFC, Scrivener Drive, Pinewood, Ipswich, IP8 3SU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sekhar KM, Kota VR, Reddy TP, Rao KV, Reddy AR. Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO 2 by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:21-40. [PMID: 32632534 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urbanization and industrialization are often associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially atmospheric CO2 concentration [(CO2)]. Increase in atmospheric [CO2] significantly improved crop photosynthesis and productivity initially which vary with plant species, genotype, [CO2] exposure time and biotic as well as abiotic stress factors. Numerous attempts have been made using different plant species to unravel the physiological, cellular and molecular effects of elevated [CO2] as well as drought. This review focuses on plant responses to elevated [CO2] and drought individually as well as in combination with special reference to physiology of photosynthesis including its acclimation. Furthermore, the functional role of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its relation to photosynthetic acclimation and crop productivity under elevated [CO2] and drought are reviewed. In addition, we also discussed different strategies to ameliorate the limitations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and RuBP regeneration. Further, improved stomatal and mesophyll conductance and NUE for enhanced crop productivity under fast changing global climate conditions through biotechnological approaches are also discussed here. We conclude that multiple gene editing approaches for key events in photosynthetic processes would serve as the best strategy to generate resilient crop plants with improved productivity under fast changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalva Madhana Sekhar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Vamsee Raja Kota
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - T Papi Reddy
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - K V Rao
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
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Hussain S, Ulhassan Z, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Allakhverdiev SI, Yang X, Safdar ME, Yang W, Liu W. Photosynthesis research under climate change. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:5-19. [PMID: 34235625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population and climate change uncertainties have compelled increased photosynthetic efficiency and yields to ensure food security over the coming decades. Potentially, genetic manipulation and minimization of carbon or energy losses can be ideal to boost photosynthetic efficiency or crop productivity. Despite significant efforts, limited success has been achieved. There is a need for thorough improvement in key photosynthetic limiting factors, such as stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, biochemical capacity combined with Rubisco, the Calvin-Benson cycle, thylakoid membrane electron transport, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon metabolism or fixation pathways. In addition, the mechanistic basis for the enhancement in photosynthetic adaptation to environmental variables such as light intensity, temperature and elevated CO2 requires further investigation. This review sheds light on strategies to improve plant photosynthesis by targeting these intrinsic photosynthetic limitations and external environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, 271018, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Iñiguez C, Aguiló-Nicolau P, Galmés J. Improving photosynthesis through the enhancement of Rubisco carboxylation capacity. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2007-2019. [PMID: 34623388 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rising human population, along with the reduction in arable land and the impacts of global change, sets out the need for continuously improving agricultural resource use efficiency and crop yield (CY). Bioengineering approaches for photosynthesis optimization have largely demonstrated the potential for enhancing CY. This review is focused on the improvement of Rubisco functioning, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation required for plant growth, but also catalyzes the ribulose-bisphosphate oxygenation initiating the carbon and energy wasteful photorespiration pathway. Rubisco carboxylation capacity can be enhanced by engineering the Rubisco large and/or small subunit genes to improve its catalytic traits, or by engineering the mechanisms that provide enhanced Rubisco expression, activation and/or elevated [CO2] around the active sites to favor carboxylation over oxygenation. Recent advances have been made in the expression, assembly and activation of foreign (either natural or mutant) faster and/or more CO2-specific Rubisco versions. Some components of CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) from bacteria, algae and C4 plants has been successfully expressed in tobacco and rice. Still, none of the transformed plant lines expressing foreign Rubisco versions and/or simplified CCM components were able to grow faster than wild type plants under present atmospheric [CO2] and optimum conditions. However, the results obtained up to date suggest that it might be achievable in the near future. In addition, photosynthetic and yield improvements have already been observed when manipulating Rubisco quantity and activation degree in crops. Therefore, engineering Rubisco carboxylation capacity continues being a promising target for the improvement in photosynthesis and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Iñiguez
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pere Aguiló-Nicolau
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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15
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Abbasi AZ, Bilal M, Khurshid G, Yiotis C, Zeb I, Hussain J, Baig A, Shah MM, Chaudhary SU, Osborne B, Ahmad R. Expression of cyanobacterial genes enhanced CO 2 assimilation and biomass production in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11860. [PMID: 34434649 PMCID: PMC8359801 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that is compromised by the oxygenase activity of Rubisco, which leads to the production of toxic compound phosphoglycolate that is catabolized by photorespiratory pathway. Transformation of plants with photorespiratory bypasses have been shown to reduce photorespiration and enhance plant biomass. Interestingly, engineering of a single gene from such photorespiratory bypasses has also improved photosynthesis and plant productivity. Although single gene transformations may not completely reduce photorespiration, increases in plant biomass accumulation have still been observed indicating an alternative role in regulating different metabolic processes. Therefore, the current study was aimed at evaluating the underlying mechanism (s) associated with the effects of introducing a single cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation pathway gene on photosynthesis and plant performance. Methods Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants (GD, HD, OX) expressing independently cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway genes i.e., glycolate dehydrogenase, hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, and oxalate decarboxylase, respectively, were utilized. Photosynthetic, fluorescence related, and growth parameters were analyzed. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of GD transgenic plants was also performed. Results The GD plants exhibited a significant increase (16%) in net photosynthesis rate while both HD and OX plants showed a non-significant (11%) increase as compared to wild type plants (WT). The stomatal conductance was significantly higher (24%) in GD and HD plants than the WT plants. The quantum efficiencies of photosystem II, carbon dioxide assimilation and the chlorophyll fluorescence-based photosynthetic electron transport rate were also higher than WT plants. The OX plants displayed significant reductions in the rate of photorespiration relative to gross photosynthesis and increase in the ratio of the photosynthetic electron flow attributable to carboxylation reactions over that attributable to oxygenation reactions. GD, HD and OX plants accumulated significantly higher biomass and seed weight. Soluble sugars were significantly increased in GD and HD plants, while the starch levels were higher in all transgenic plants. The transcriptomic analysis of GD plants revealed 650 up-regulated genes mainly related to photosynthesis, photorespiratory pathway, sucrose metabolism, chlorophyll biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism. Conclusion This study revealed the potential of introduced cyanobacterial pathway genes to enhance photosynthetic and growth-related parameters. The upregulation of genes related to different pathways provided evidence of the underlying mechanisms involved particularly in GD plants. However, transcriptomic profiling of HD and OX plants can further help to identify other potential mechanisms involved in improved plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Zeb Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Bilal
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ghazal Khurshid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Charilaos Yiotis
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iftikhar Zeb
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Maroof Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Safee Ullah Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bruce Osborne
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raza Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
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16
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Lodeyro AF, Krapp AR, Carrillo N. Photosynthesis and chloroplast redox signaling in the age of global warming: stress tolerance, acclimation, and developmental plasticity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5919-5937. [PMID: 34111246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change is characterized by the increased intensity and frequency of environmental stress events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, which have a debilitating impact on photosynthesis and growth, compromising the production of food, feed, and biofuels for an expanding population. The need to increase crop productivity in the context of global warming has fueled attempts to improve several key plant features such as photosynthetic performance, assimilate partitioning, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Chloroplast redox metabolism, including photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 reductive assimilation, are primary targets of most stress conditions, leading to excessive excitation pressure, photodamage, and propagation of reactive oxygen species. Alterations in chloroplast redox poise, in turn, provide signals that exit the plastid and modulate plant responses to the environmental conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes could provide novel tools to increase crop yield in suboptimal environments. We describe herein various interventions into chloroplast redox networks that resulted in increased tolerance to multiple sources of environmental stress. They included manipulation of endogenous components and introduction of electron carriers from other organisms, which affected not only stress endurance but also leaf size and longevity. The resulting scenario indicates that chloroplast redox pathways have an important impact on plant growth, development, and defense that goes beyond their roles in primary metabolism. Manipulation of these processes provides additional strategies for the design of crops with improved performance under destabilized climate conditions as foreseen for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella F Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana R Krapp
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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Engineering Climate-Change-Resilient Crops: New Tools and Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157877. [PMID: 34360645 PMCID: PMC8346029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental adversities, particularly drought and nutrient limitation, are among the major causes of crop losses worldwide. Due to the rapid increase of the world's population, there is an urgent need to combine knowledge of plant science with innovative applications in agriculture to protect plant growth and thus enhance crop yield. In recent decades, engineering strategies have been successfully developed with the aim to improve growth and stress tolerance in plants. Most strategies applied so far have relied on transgenic approaches and/or chemical treatments. However, to cope with rapid climate change and the need to secure sustainable agriculture and biomass production, innovative approaches need to be developed to effectively meet these challenges and demands. In this review, we summarize recent and advanced strategies that involve the use of plant-related cyanobacterial proteins, macro- and micronutrient management, nutrient-coated nanoparticles, and phytopathogenic organisms, all of which offer promise as protective resources to shield plants from climate challenges and to boost stress tolerance in crops.
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18
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Dubey AK, Khatri K, Jha B, Rathore MS. The novel galactosyl transferase-like (SbGalT) gene from Salicornia brachiata maintains photosynthesis and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Gene 2021; 786:145597. [PMID: 33766708 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We hereby report in planta function characterization of a novel galactosyl transferase-like (SbGalT) gene from Salicornia brachiata for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. The SbGalT gene had an open reading frame of 1563 bp. The ectopic expression of SbGalT gene in tobacco improved the seed germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation and potassium/sodium ratio under salt and osmotic stress. The SbGalT over-expression delayed stress-induced senescence, pigment break-down and ion induced cytotoxicity in tobacco. Higher contents of organic solutes and potassium under stress maintained the osmotic homeostasis and relative water content in tobacco. Higher activity of antioxidant enzymes under stress in transgenic tobacco curtailed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintained the membrane integrity. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient indicated no effects of the imposed strengths of stress on basal state of photosystem (PS) I in transgenic tobacco over-expressing the SbGalT gene. Due to improved membrane integrity, the transgenic tobacco exhibited improved photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration, maximum quantum yield and operating efficiency of PSII, electron transport, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching. In agreement with photosynthesis, physiological health, tolerance index and growth parameters, transgenic tobacco accumulated higher contents of sugar, starch, amino acid, polyphenol and proline under stress conditions. The multivariate data analysis exhibited significant statistical distinctions among osmotic adjustment, physiological health and growth, and photosynthetic responses in control and SbGalT transgenic tobacco under stress conditions. The results strongly indicated novel SbGalT gene as a potential candidate for developing the smart agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Dubey
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001, India
| | - Kusum Khatri
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001, India.
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Kaul S, Choudhary M, Gupta S, Dhar MK. Engineering Host Microbiome for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635917. [PMID: 34122359 PMCID: PMC8193672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic consortium of microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses, and nematodes) colonizing multiple tissue types and coevolving conclusively with the host plant is designated as a plant microbiome. The interplay between plant and its microbial mutualists supports several agronomic functions, establishing its crucial role in plant beneficial activities. Deeper functional and mechanistic understanding of plant-microbial ecosystems will render many "ecosystem services" by emulating symbiotic interactions between plants, soil, and microbes for enhanced productivity and sustainability. Therefore, microbiome engineering represents an emerging biotechnological tool to directly add, remove, or modify properties of microbial communities for higher specificity and efficacy. The main goal of microbiome engineering is enhancement of plant functions such as biotic/abiotic stresses, plant fitness and productivities, etc. Various ecological-, biochemical-, and molecular-based approaches have come up as a new paradigm for disentangling many microbiome-based agromanagement hurdles. Furthermore, multidisciplinary approaches provide a predictive framework in achieving a reliable and sustainably engineered plant-microbiome for stress physiology, nutrient recycling, and high-yielding disease-resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Kaul
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | | | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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20
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Metabolomics Intervention Towards Better Understanding of Plant Traits. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020346. [PMID: 33562333 PMCID: PMC7915772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the most economically important plant and crop species are enriched with the availability of high-quality reference genome sequences forming the basis of gene discovery which control the important biochemical pathways. The transcriptomics and proteomics resources have also been made available for many of these plant species that intensify the understanding at expression levels. However, still we lack integrated studies spanning genomics–transcriptomics–proteomics, connected to metabolomics, the most complicated phase in phenotype expression. Nevertheless, for the past few decades, emphasis has been more on metabolome which plays a crucial role in defining the phenotype (trait) during crop improvement. The emergence of modern high throughput metabolome analyzing platforms have accelerated the discovery of a wide variety of biochemical types of metabolites and new pathways, also helped in improving the understanding of known existing pathways. Pinpointing the causal gene(s) and elucidation of metabolic pathways are very important for development of improved lines with high precision in crop breeding. Along with other-omics sciences, metabolomics studies have helped in characterization and annotation of a new gene(s) function. Hereby, we summarize several areas in the field of crop development where metabolomics studies have made its remarkable impact. We also assess the recent research on metabolomics, together with other omics, contributing toward genetic engineering to target traits and key pathway(s).
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21
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Yadav SK, Khatri K, Rathore MS, Jha B. Ectopic Expression of a Transmembrane Protein KaCyt b 6 from a Red Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in Transgenic Tobacco Augmented the Photosynthesis and Growth. DNA Cell Biol 2020:dna.2020.5479. [PMID: 32865429 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome b6f complex is a thylakoid membrane-localized protein and catalyses the transfer of electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin in photosynthetic electron transport chain. In the present study, Cytochrome b6 (KaCyt b6) gene from Kappaphycus alvarezii (a red seaweed) was overexpressed in tobacco. A 935 base pair (bp) long KaCyt b6 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 648 bp encoding a protein of 215 amino acids with an expected isoelectric point of 8.67 and a molecular mass of 24.37 kDa. The KaCyt b6 gene was overexpressed in tobacco under control of CaMV35S promoter. The transgenic tobacco had higher electron transfer rate and photosynthetic yield over wild-type and vector control tobacco. The KaCyt b6 tobacco also exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic gas exchange (PN) and improved water use efficiency. The transgenic plants had higher ratio of PN and intercellular CO2. The KaCyt b6 transgenic tobacco showed higher estimates of photosystem II quantum yield, higher activity of the water-splitting complex, PSII photochemistry, and photochemical quenching. The basal quantum yield of nonphotochemical processes in PSII was recorded lower in KaCyt b6 tobacco. Transgenic tobacco contained higher contents of carotenoids and total chlorophyll and also had better ratios of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids and total chlorophyll contents hence improved photosynthetic efficiency and production of sugar and starch. The KaCyt b6 transgenic plants performed superior under control and greenhouse conditions. To the best of our knowledge through literature survey, this is the first report on characterization of KaCyt b6 gene from K. alvarezii for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and growth in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta K Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kusum Khatri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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López-Calcagno PE, Brown KL, Simkin AJ, Fisk SJ, Vialet-Chabrand S, Lawson T, Raines CA. Stimulating photosynthetic processes increases productivity and water-use efficiency in the field. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1054-1063. [PMID: 32782406 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the independent stimulation of either electron transport or RuBP regeneration can increase the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and plant biomass. In this paper, we present evidence that a multigene approach to simultaneously manipulate these two processes provides a further stimulation of photosynthesis. We report on the introduction of the cyanobacterial bifunctional enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase or the overexpression of the plant enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, together with the expression of the red algal protein cytochrome c6, and show that a further increase in biomass accumulation under both glasshouse and field conditions can be achieved. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the stimulation of both electron transport and RuBP regeneration can lead to enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenny L Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, East Malling, UK
| | - Stuart J Fisk
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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Rotasperti L, Sansoni F, Mizzotti C, Tadini L, Pesaresi P. Barley's Second Spring as A Model Organism for Chloroplast Research. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070803. [PMID: 32604986 PMCID: PMC7411767 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been widely used as a model crop for studying molecular and physiological processes such as chloroplast development and photosynthesis. During the second half of the 20th century, mutants such as albostrians led to the discovery of the nuclear-encoded, plastid-localized RNA polymerase and the retrograde (chloroplast-to-nucleus) signalling communication pathway, while chlorina-f2 and xantha mutants helped to shed light on the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, on the light-harvesting proteins and on the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, during the last 30 years, a large fraction of chloroplast research has switched to the more “user-friendly” model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant species whose genome was sequenced and published at the end of 2000. Despite its many advantages, Arabidopsis has some important limitations compared to barley, including the lack of a real canopy and the absence of the proplastid-to-chloroplast developmental gradient across the leaf blade. These features, together with the availability of large collections of natural genetic diversity and mutant populations for barley, a complete genome assembly and protocols for genetic transformation and gene editing, have relaunched barley as an ideal model species for chloroplast research. In this review, we provide an update on the genomics tools now available for barley, and review the biotechnological strategies reported to increase photosynthesis efficiency in model species, which deserve to be validated in barley.
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Kohli A, Miro B, Balié J, d’A Hughes J. Photosynthesis research: a model to bridge fundamental science, translational products, and socio-economic considerations in agriculture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2281-2298. [PMID: 32076700 PMCID: PMC7135011 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite impressive success in molecular physiological understanding of photosynthesis, and preliminary evidence on its potential for quantum shifts in agricultural productivity, the question remains of whether increased photosynthesis, without parallel fine-tuning of the associated processes, is enough. There is a distinct lack of formal socio-economic impact studies that address the critical questions of product profiling, cost-benefit analysis, environmental trade-offs, and technological and market forces in product acceptability. When a relatively well understood process gains enough traction for translational value, its broader scientific and technical gap assessment, in conjunction with its socio-economic impact assessment for success, should be a prerequisite. The successes in the upstream basic understanding of photosynthesis should be integrated with a gap analysis for downstream translational applications to impact the farmers' and customers' lifestyles and livelihoods. The purpose of this review is to assess how the laboratory, the field, and the societal demands from photosynthesis could generate a transformative product. Two crucial recommendations from the analysis of the state of knowledge and potential ways forward are (i) the formulation of integrative mega-projects, which span the multistakeholder spectrum, to ensure rapid success in harnessing the transformative power of photosynthesis; and (ii) stipulating spatiotemporal, labour, and economic criteria to stage-gate deliverables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Berta Miro
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jean Balié
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Batista-Silva W, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Martins AO, Zsögön A, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Engineering Improved Photosynthesis in the Era of Synthetic Biology. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100032. [PMID: 33367233 PMCID: PMC7747996 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been given to the enhancement of photosynthesis as a strategy for the optimization of crop productivity. As traditional plant breeding is most likely reaching a plateau, there is a timely need to accelerate improvements in photosynthetic efficiency by means of novel tools and biotechnological solutions. The emerging field of synthetic biology offers the potential for building completely novel pathways in predictable directions and, thus, addresses the global requirements for higher yields expected to occur in the 21st century. Here, we discuss recent advances and current challenges of engineering improved photosynthesis in the era of synthetic biology toward optimized utilization of solar energy and carbon sources to optimize the production of food, fiber, and fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
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Simkin AJ, Faralli M, Ramamoorthy S, Lawson T. Photosynthesis in non-foliar tissues: implications for yield. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1001-1015. [PMID: 31802560 PMCID: PMC7064926 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is currently a focus for crop improvement. The majority of this work has taken place and been assessed in leaves, and limited consideration has been given to the contribution that other green tissues make to whole-plant carbon assimilation. The major focus of this review is to evaluate the impact of non-foliar photosynthesis on carbon-use efficiency and total assimilation. Here we appraise and summarize past and current literature on the substantial contribution of different photosynthetically active organs and tissues to productivity in a variety of different plant types, with an emphasis on fruit and cereal crops. Previous studies provide evidence that non-leaf photosynthesis could be an unexploited potential target for crop improvement. We also briefly examine the role of stomata in non-foliar tissues, gas exchange, maintenance of optimal temperatures and thus photosynthesis. In the final section, we discuss possible opportunities to manipulate these processes and provide evidence that Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants genetically manipulated to increase leaf photosynthesis also displayed higher rates of ear assimilation, which translated to increased grain yield. By understanding these processes, we can start to provide insights into manipulating non-foliar photosynthesis and stomatal behaviour to identify novel targets for exploitation in continuing breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Simkin
- Genetics, Genomics and BreedingNIAB EMRNew Road, East MallingKentME19 6BJUK
| | - Michele Faralli
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO4 3SQUK
- Present address:
Department of Biodiversity and Molecular EcologyResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1San Michele all'Adige (TN)38010Italy
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO4 3SQUK
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Simkin AJ. Genetic Engineering for Global Food Security: Photosynthesis and Biofortification. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E586. [PMID: 31835394 PMCID: PMC6963231 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands for food and resources are challenging existing markets, driving a need to continually investigate and establish crop varieties with improved yields and health benefits. By the later part of the century, current estimates indicate that a >50% increase in the yield of most of the important food crops including wheat, rice and barley will be needed to maintain food supplies and improve nutritional quality to tackle what has become known as 'hidden hunger'. Improving the nutritional quality of crops has become a target for providing the micronutrients required in remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. A number of methods to achieve this have been investigated over recent years, from improving photosynthesis through genetic engineering, to breeding new higher yielding varieties. Recent research has shown that growing plants under elevated [CO2] can lead to an increase in Vitamin C due to changes in gene expression, demonstrating one potential route for plant biofortification. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to improve photosynthesis and biofortify key crops to secure future food supplies and the potential links between improved photosynthesis and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Simkin
- Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
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Singer SD, Soolanayakanahally RY, Foroud NA, Kroebel R. Biotechnological strategies for improved photosynthesis in a future of elevated atmospheric CO 2. PLANTA 2019; 251:24. [PMID: 31784816 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of photosynthesis using biotechnological approaches has been the focus of much research. It is now vital that these strategies be assessed under future atmospheric conditions. The demand for crop products is expanding at an alarming rate due to population growth, enhanced affluence, increased per capita calorie consumption, and an escalating need for plant-based bioproducts. While solving this issue will undoubtedly involve a multifaceted approach, improving crop productivity will almost certainly provide one piece of the puzzle. The improvement of photosynthetic efficiency has been a long-standing goal of plant biotechnologists as possibly one of the last remaining means of achieving higher yielding crops. However, the vast majority of these studies have not taken into consideration possible outcomes when these plants are grown long-term under the elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) that will be evident in the not too distant future. Due to the considerable effect that CO2 levels have on the photosynthetic process, these assessments should become commonplace as a means of ensuring that research in this field focuses on the most effective approaches for our future climate scenarios. In this review, we discuss the main biotechnological research strategies that are currently underway with the aim of improving photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production/yields in the context of a future of e[CO2], as well as alternative approaches that may provide further photosynthetic benefits under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Raju Y Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Roland Kroebel
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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Simkin AJ, López-Calcagno PE, Raines CA. Feeding the world: improving photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1119-1140. [PMID: 30772919 PMCID: PMC6395887 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have provided strong support demonstrating that improving the photosynthetic processes through genetic engineering can provide an avenue to improve yield potential. The major focus of this review is on improvement of the Calvin-Benson cycle and electron transport. Consideration is also given to how altering regulatory process may provide an additional route to increase photosynthetic efficiency. Here we summarize some of the recent successes that have been observed through genetic manipulation of photosynthesis, showing that, in both the glasshouse and the field, yield can be increased by >40%. These results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for increasing yield through improvements in photosynthesis. In the final section, we consider the need to stack improvement in photosynthetic traits with traits that target the yield gap in order to provide robust germplasm for different crops across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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