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Guin D, Hasija Y, Kukreti R. Assessment of clinically actionable pharmacogenetic markers to stratify anti-seizure medications. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2023; 23:149-160. [PMID: 37626111 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-023-00313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy treatment is challenging due to heterogeneous syndromes, different seizure types and higher inter-individual variability. Identification of genetic variants predicting drug efficacy, tolerability and risk of adverse-effects for anti-seizure medications (ASMs) is essential. Here, we assessed the clinical actionability of known genetic variants, based on their functional and clinical significance and estimated their diagnostic predictability. We performed a systematic PubMed search to identify articles with pharmacogenomic (PGx) information for forty known ASMs. Functional annotation of the identified genetic variants was performed using different in silico tools, and their clinical significance was assessed using the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines for variant pathogenicity, level of evidence (LOE) from PharmGKB and the United States-Food and drug administration (US- FDA) drug labelling with PGx information. Diagnostic predictability of the replicated genetic variants was evaluated by calculating their accuracy. A total of 270 articles were retrieved with PGx evidence associated with 19 ASMs including 178 variants across 93 genes, classifying 26 genetic variants as benign/ likely benign, fourteen as drug response markers and three as risk factors for drug response. Only seventeen of these were replicated, with accuracy (up to 95%) in predicting PGx outcomes specific to six ASMs. Eight out of seventeen variants have FDA-approved PGx drug labelling for clinical implementation. Therefore, the remaining nine variants promise for potential clinical actionability and can be improvised with additional experimental evidence for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Yasha Hasija
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Aoullay Z, Smith A, Slaoui M, El Bouchikhi I, Ghazal H, Al Idrissi N, Meddah B, Lynch KL, Cherrah Y, Wu AHB. Predictive Value of ABCC2 and UGT1A1 Polymorphisms on Irinotecan-Related Toxicities in Patients with Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:133-141. [PMID: 37257181 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is extensive interindividual variability in response and tolerance to anticancer drugs. This heterogeneity provides a major limitation to the "rational" use of cytotoxic drugs, and it becomes a major problem in oncology giving a narrow therapeutic window with a vital risk. Among these anticancer drugs, irinotecan can cause dose-limiting toxicities, commonly diarrhea and neutropenia. Interaction among pathways of activation/inactivation (UGT1A1) and hepatobiliary transport of irinotecan and its metabolites could, in part, explain its interindividual variability. The objective of this study was to perform an exploratory analysis to evaluate the correlation between the genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A1 and ABCC2 with the different toxicities associated with irinotecan treatment. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients with solid cancers were included, all were administered an irinotecan-based regimen in both Mission Bay Medical Center; and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital from May 2016 to December 2016. The patients' genotyping was performed for both the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism, and the ABCC2 - 1549G>A, and ABCC2 - 1249G>A single nucleotide polymorphism. Comparisons among qualitative data were assessed using the χ2-test, and Fisher's exact test in the case of small group sizes. Results: Diarrhea was observed in 40 patients (53.3%), among them only 9 patients had high grades diarrhea (grades III and IV). Grades III/IV of nausea were more frequently associated with the ABCC2-1549 AA genotype (83.3% p = 0.004) in patients with colorectal cancer. In pancreatic cancer, a significant absence of diarrhea grades III-IV was noted in patients with the ABCC2 1249 GG genotype compared to the other ABCC2 1249 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Aoullay
- Department of Sciences du Médicament, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer-IRC, Fes, Morocco
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meriem Slaoui
- Research Team in Tumour Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ihssane El Bouchikhi
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
- Multidisciplanary Laboratory for Research & Innovation, GBG Department, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najib Al Idrissi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Meddah
- Department of Sciences du Médicament, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Department of Sciences du Médicament, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Sahoo DK, Martinez MN, Dao K, Gabriel V, Zdyrski C, Jergens AE, Atherly T, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Burns LE, Schrunk D, Volpe DA, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Canine Intestinal Organoids as a Novel In Vitro Model of Intestinal Drug Permeability: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091269. [PMID: 37174669 PMCID: PMC10177590 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A key component of efforts to identify the biological and drug-specific aspects contributing to therapeutic failure or unexpected exposure-associated toxicity is the study of drug-intestinal barrier interactions. While methods supporting such assessments are widely described for human therapeutics, relatively little information is available for similar evaluations in support of veterinary pharmaceuticals. There is, therefore, a critical need to develop novel approaches for evaluating drug-gut interactions in veterinary medicine. Three-dimensional (3D) organoids can address these difficulties in a reasonably affordable system that circumvents the need for more invasive in vivo assays in live animals. However, a first step in developing such systems is understanding organoid interactions in a 2D monolayer. Given the importance of orally administered medications for meeting the therapeutic need of companion animals, we demonstrate growth conditions under which canine-colonoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells survive, mature, and differentiate into confluent cell systems with high monolayer integrity. We further examine the applicability of this canine-colonoid-derived 2D model to assess the permeability of three structurally diverse, passively absorbed β-blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol). Both the absorptive and secretive apparent permeability (Papp) of these drugs at two different pH conditions were evaluated in canine-colonoid-derived monolayers and compared with that of Caco-2 cells. This proof-of-concept study provides promising preliminary results with regard to the utility of canine-derived organoid monolayers for species-specific assessments of therapeutic drug passive permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kimberly Dao
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Vojtech Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Todd Atherly
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Laura E Burns
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dwayne Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Donna A Volpe
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20852, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Seidemann L, Prinz S, Scherbel JC, Götz C, Seehofer D, Damm G. Optimization of extracellular matrix for primary human hepatocyte cultures using mixed collagen-Matrigel matrices. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:12-34. [PMID: 36660192 PMCID: PMC9837384 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Loss of differentiation of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) ex vivo is a known problem of in vitro liver models. Culture optimizations using collagen type I and Matrigel reduce the dedifferentiation process but are not able to prevent it. While neither of these extracellular matrices (ECMs) on their own correspond to the authentic hepatic ECM, a combination of them could more closely resemble the in vivo situation. Our study aimed to systematically analyze the influence of mixed matrices composed of collagen type I and Matrigel on the maintenance and reestablishment of hepatic functions. Therefore, PHHs were cultured on mixed collagen-Matrigel matrices in monolayer and sandwich cultures and viability, metabolic capacity, differentiation markers, cellular arrangement and the cells' ability to repolarize and form functional bile canaliculi were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), functional assays and immunofluorescence microscopy. Our results show that mixed matrices were superior to pure matrices in maintaining metabolic capacity and hepatic differentiation. In contrast, Matrigel supplementation can impair the development of a proper hepatocytic polarization. Our systematic study helps to compose an optimized ECM to maintain and reestablish hepatic differentiation on cellular and multicellular levels in human liver models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Seidemann
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Prinz
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan-Constantin Scherbel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Götz
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Georg Damm, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Tel.: +49-341-9739656, E-mail:
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5
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Silva V, Gil-Martins E, Silva B, Rocha-Pereira C, Sousa ME, Remião F, Silva R. Xanthones as P-glycoprotein modulators and their impact on drug bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:441-482. [PMID: 33283552 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1861247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important efflux pump responsible for the extruding of many endogenous and exogenous substances out of the cells. P-gp can be modulated by different molecules - including xanthone derivatives - to surpass the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon through P-gp inhibition, or to serve as an antidotal strategy in intoxication scenarios through P-gp induction/activation.Areas covered: This review provides a perspective on P-gp modulators, with particular focus on xanthonic derivatives, highlighting their ability to modulate P-gp expression and/or activity, and the potential impact of these effects on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of P-gp substrates.Expert opinion: Xanthones, of natural or synthetic origin, are able to modulate P-gp, interfering with its protein synthesis or with its mechanism of action, by decreasing or increasing its efflux capacity. These modulatory effects make the xanthonic scaffold a promising source of new derivatives with therapeutic potential. However, the mechanisms beyond the xanthones-mediated P-gp modulation and the chemical characteristics that make them more potent P-gp inhibitors or inducers/activators are still understudied. Furthermore, a new window of opportunity exists in the neuropathologies field, where xanthonic derivatives with potential to modulate P-gp should be further explored to optimize the prevention/treatment of brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Intestinal membrane transporter-mediated approaches to improve oral drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Nieskens TTG, Persson M, Kelly EJ, Sjögren AK. A Multicompartment Human Kidney Proximal Tubule-on-a-Chip Replicates Cell Polarization-Dependent Cisplatin Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1303-1311. [PMID: 33020068 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury is a major clinical problem and causes drug attrition in the pharmaceutical industry. To better predict drug-induced kidney injury, kidney in vitro cultures with enhanced physiologic relevance are developed. To mimic the proximal tubule, the main site of adverse drug reactions in the kidney, human-derived renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HRPTECs) were injected in one of the channels of dual-channel Nortis chips and perfused for 7 days. Tubes of HRPTECs demonstrated expression of tight junction protein 1 (zona occludens-1), lotus lectin, and primary cilia with localization at the apical membrane, indicating an intact proximal tubule brush border. Gene expression of cisplatin efflux transporters multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter (MATE) 1 (SLC47A1) and MATE2-k (SLC47A2) and megalin endocytosis receptor increased 19.9 ± 5.0-, 23.2 ± 8.4-, and 106 ± 33-fold, respectively, in chip cultures compared with 2-dimensional cultures. Moreover, organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) (SLC22A2) was localized exclusively on the basolateral membrane. When infused from the basolateral compartment, cisplatin (25 µM, 72 hours) induced toxicity, which was evident as reduced cell number and reduced barrier integrity compared with vehicle-treated chip cultures. Coexposure with the OCT2 inhibitor cimetidine (1 mM) abolished cisplatin toxicity. In contrast, infusion of cisplatin from the apical compartment did not induce toxicity, which was in line with polarized localization of cisplatin uptake transport proteins, including OCT2. In conclusion, we developed a dual channel human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip with a polarized epithelium, restricting cisplatin sensitivity to the basolateral membrane and suggesting improved physiologic relevance over single-compartment models. Its implementation in drug discovery holds promise to improve future in vitro drug-induced kidney injury studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human-derived kidney proximal tubule cells retained characteristics of epithelial polarization in vitro when cultured in the kidney-on-a-chip, and the dual-channel construction allowed for drug exposure using the physiologically relevant compartment. Therefore, cell polarization-dependent cisplatin toxicity could be replicated for the first time in a kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip. The use of this physiologically relevant model in drug discovery has potential to aid identification of safe novel drugs and contribute to reducing attrition rates due to drug-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.G.N., M.P., A.-K.S.) and Department of Pharmaceutics and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Mikael Persson
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.G.N., M.P., A.-K.S.) and Department of Pharmaceutics and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Edward J Kelly
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.G.N., M.P., A.-K.S.) and Department of Pharmaceutics and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
| | - Anna-Karin Sjögren
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.G.N., M.P., A.-K.S.) and Department of Pharmaceutics and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (E.J.K.)
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8
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Ravindranathan P, Pasham D, Goel A. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) from grape seed extract suppress the activity of ABC transporters in overcoming chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:412-421. [PMID: 30596962 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a major hindrance in managing cancer. By performing a series of experiments in chemoresistant colorectal cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) from grape seed extracts can sensitize both acquired (HCT116-FOr cells) and innately chemoresistant (H716 cells) cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin, by inhibiting adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. When combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, OPCs significantly inhibited growth of the chemoresistant cells (P < 0.05 to < 0.001) and decreased the expression of several key ABC transporters. Moreover, the activity of the ABC transporters was also significantly decreased by OPCs in the cell lines (P < 0.05). We further confirmed that co-treatment with OPCs sensitized the chemoresistant cells to 5FU and oxaliplatin, as observed by improvement in cell cycle arrest, double-strand breaks and p53 accumulation in these cells. In addition, we confirmed that co-administration of OPCs with chemotherapeutic drugs significantly decreased chemoresistant xenograft tumor growth in mice (P < 0.05). Together, our study illuminates the downregulation of multiple ABC transporters as a mechanism by which OPCs overcome chemoresistance in cancer cells and may serve as adjunctive treatments in patients with refractory colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Ravindranathan
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Divya Pasham
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abstract
Metabolism and transport of many drugs oscillate with times of the day (solar time), resulting in circadian time-dependent drug exposure and pharmacokinetics.Time-dependent pharmacokinetics (also known as chronopharmacokinetics) is associated with time-varying drug effects and toxicity.This review summarizes drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters with rhythmic expressions in the liver, intestine and/or kidney. Correlations of these diurnal proteins with circadian variations in drug exposure and effects/toxicity are covered. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms for circadian control of enzymes and transporters.Mechanism-based chronopharmacokinetics would facilitate a better understanding of chronopharmacology and the design of time-specific drug delivery systems, ultimately leading to improved drug efficacy and minimized toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Xing
- Institution of Laboratory Animal, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Fu G, Huang X, Qin B, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhao S, Zhou J, Fang W. Effects of emodin on ABC transporter gene expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) exposed to diazinon. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219866. [PMID: 31365567 PMCID: PMC6668774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes in grass carp treated with emodin combined with diazinon (DZN) exposure. The transcription levels of five ABC transporter genes in different tissues of grass carp and at different time points were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The analysis of different tissues showed higher ABCB1 expression in the skin (26-fold) and gill (2-fold) than in the liver. In addition, ABCB11 expression was higher in the skin (109-fold) and gill (57-fold) than in the liver, ABCC1 was more highly expressed in the gill (50-fold) than in the liver, and ABCG2 was expressed at higher levels in the skin (659-fold, p < 0.01), gill (628-fold, p < 0.01) and liver (659-fold, p < 0.01) than in brain tissue. The analysis of different time points revealed that the ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 genes were highly expressed at 24 h in the liver in the experimental group. However, analysis of the intestinal tissue of the experimental group showed that the expression of ABCB1 and ABCB11 peaked at 6 h, the expression of ABCC1 and ABCC2 peaked at 5 d, and the expression of ABCG2 peaked at 3 d. Furthermore, the emodin concentrations in the liver and intestine reached their peak levels (50.18 and 117.24 μg·ml−1, respectively) after 48 and 1 h of treatment with emodin combined with DZN, respectively. The peak DZN concentrations in the liver (1.42 ng·ml−1) and intestine (0.2 ng·ml−1) were detected 3 and 6 h after emodin treatment combined with DZN, respectively. In conclusion, this study shows that the transcript levels of ABC transporters respond to the presence of emodin, which indicates their potential involvement in and contribution with the metabolic process in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Fu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Takemura A, Gong S, Sekine S, Ito K. Inhibition of biliary network reconstruction by benzbromarone delays recovery from pre-existing liver injury. Toxicology 2019; 423:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts from the Human Female Reproductive Tract Accumulate and Release TFV and TAF to Sustain Inhibition of HIV Infection of CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1864. [PMID: 30755713 PMCID: PMC6372694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV) treatment of female reproductive tract (FRT) cells results in differential accumulation of intracellular Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in different cell types, with greater concentrations in epithelial cells (100-fold) and fibroblasts (10-fold) than in CD4+ T cells. The possibility that TFV-DP accumulation and retention in epithelial cells and fibroblasts may alter TFV availability and protection of CD4+ T cells against HIV infection, prompted us to evaluate TFV and/or Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) release from FRT cells. Endometrial, endocervical and ectocervical polarized epithelial cells and fibroblasts were pre-loaded with TFV or TAF, and secretions tested for their ability to inhibit HIV infection of activated blood CD4+ T cells. Epithelial cell basolateral secretions (1, 2 and 3 days post-loading), but not apical secretions, suppressed HIV infection of CD4+ T cells, as did secretions from pre-loaded fibroblasts from each site. Intracellular TFV-DP levels in epithelial cells following preloading with TFV or TAF correlated directly with ARV protection of CD4+ T cells from HIV infection. When added apically to epithelial cells, TFV/TAF was released basolaterally, in part through Multidrug Resistant Protein transporters, taken up by fibroblasts and released into secretions to partially protect CD4+ T cells. These findings demonstrate that epithelial cells and fibroblasts release TFV/TAF for use by CD4+ T cells and suggest that the tissue environment plays a major role in the sustained protection against HIV infection.
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13
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Al-Majdoub ZM, Al Feteisi H, Achour B, Warwood S, Neuhoff S, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J. Proteomic Quantification of Human Blood-Brain Barrier SLC and ABC Transporters in Healthy Individuals and Dementia Patients. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1220-1233. [PMID: 30735053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis by controlling traffic of molecules from the circulation into the brain. This function is predominantly dependent on proteins expressed at the BBB, especially transporters and tight junction proteins. Alterations to the level and function of BBB proteins can impact the susceptibility of the central nervous system to exposure to xenobiotics in the systemic circulation with potential consequent effects on brain function. In this study, expression profiles of drug transporters and solute carriers in the BBB were assessed in tissues from healthy individuals ( n = 12), Alzheimer's patients ( n = 5), and dementia with Lewy bodies patients ( n = 5), using targeted, accurate mass retention time (AMRT) and global proteomic methods. A total of 53 transporters were quantified, 19 for the first time in the BBB. A further 20 novel transporters were identified but not quantified. The global proteomic method identified another 3333 BBB proteins. Transporter abundances, taken together with the scaling factor, microvessel protein content per unit tissue (BMvPGB also measured here), can be used in quantitative systems pharmacology models predicting drug disposition in the brain and permitting dose adjustment (precision dosing) in special populations of patients, such as those with dementia. Even in this small study, we see differences in transporter profile between healthy and diseased brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR) , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , U.K
| | - Hajar Al Feteisi
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR) , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , U.K
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR) , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , U.K
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , U.K
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Certara UK Limited , Simcyp Division , Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way , Sheffield S1 2BJ , U.K
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR) , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , U.K.,Certara UK Limited , Simcyp Division , Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way , Sheffield S1 2BJ , U.K
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR) , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , U.K
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Xu Q, Liu H, Zhao F, Wu Y, Huang X, Liu Z, Liu J. Mechanism of peptide absorption in the isolated forestomach epithelial cells of dairy cows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:100-108. [PMID: 29797328 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide absorption from the forestomach plays a vital role in protein nutrition of dairy cows. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of dipeptide absorption in the forestomach of dairy cows using isolated omasal epithelial cells (OECs) and ruminal epithelial cells (RECs). RESULTS Compared with RECs, the OECs formed a less tight monolayer, but had greater ability to transport glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) (P < 0.05). The OEC monolayers were immunopositive for the antibodies of anti-junction proteins. Gly-Sar transport was significantly greater at 37 °C than that at 4 °C, with an optimal pH of 6.0-6.5, and was decreased significantly by diethylpyrocarbonate and dipeptide Met-Gly (P < 0.05). The apical-to-basolateral transport was significantly greater than basolateral-to-apical transport (P < 0.05). Knockdown of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) resulted in less Gly-Sar uptake in OECs, whereas overexpression of PepT1 in OECs resulted in higher Gly-Sar uptake (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of PepT1 was upregulated by the treatment with various dipeptides (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The OECs have a greater ability to transport Gly-Sar than RECs do. Both passive and active routes are involved in the process of Gly-Sar absorption in the isolated cultured forestomach epithelial cells from dairy cows. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Xu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yueming Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbei Huang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Xue Y, Ma C, Hanna I, Pan G. Intestinal Transporter-Associated Drug Absorption and Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:361-405. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Lin Q, Xu Q, Bai J, Wu W, Hong H, Wu J. Transport of soybean protein-derived antihypertensive peptide LSW across Caco-2 monolayers. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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17
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Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of free phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides from corn ( Zea mays L.) and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) chips during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and simulated colonic fermentation. Food Res Int 2017; 100:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Xu Q, Fan H, Yu W, Hong H, Wu J. Transport Study of Egg-Derived Antihypertensive Peptides (LKP and IQW) Using Caco-2 and HT29 Coculture Monolayers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7406-7414. [PMID: 28782363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the transport of antihypertensive tripeptides LKP (Leu-Lys-Pro) and IQW (Ile-Gln-Trp) derived from egg white using a coculture system of Caco-2 and HT29 cell monolayers. The results revealed that LKP and IQW have no cytotoxicity to the cell viability after 2 h incubation, could be transported intact across coculture monolayers (apparent permeability coefficient: (18.11 ± 1.57) × 10-8 and (13.21 ± 1.12) × 10-8 cm/s, respectively), and were resistant to peptidase secreted by enterocytes. In addition, the transports were significantly inhibited by dipeptide Gly-Pro (P < 0.05), a competitive substance of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1). The transports from apical to basolateral side were significantly higher than that of the reverse direction (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PepT1 is involved in LKP and IQW transports. The transports were also significantly decreased by theaflavin-3'-O-gallate (P < 0.05), an enhancer of tight junction (TJ) and increased by cytochalasin D (P < 0.05), a disruptor of TJ but not influenced by wortamanin, a transcytosis inhibitor, suggesting that passive paracellular route via TJs is also involved in LKP and IQW transports but not transcytosis. In addition, siRNA was also used to knockdown the expression of PepT1 and significantly inhibited the transport (P < 0.05), confirming that PepT1 is involved in transport process. Therefore, both passive paracellular route via TJ and active route via PepT1 coexist in the transport of antihypertensive LKP and IQW across Caco-2/HT29 coculture monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Wenlin Yu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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19
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Rodieux F, Gotta V, Pfister M, van den Anker JN. Causes and Consequences of Variability in Drug Transporter Activity in Pediatric Drug Therapy. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S173-92. [PMID: 27385174 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug transporters play a key role in mediating the uptake of endo- and exogenous substances into cells as well as their efflux. Therefore, variability in drug transporter activity can influence pharmaco- and toxicokinetics and be a determinant of drug safety and efficacy. In children, particularly in neonates and young infants, the contribution of tissue-specific drug transporters to drug absorption, distribution, and excretion may differ from that in adults. In this review 5 major factors and their interdependence that may influence drug transporter activity in children are discussed: developmental differences, genetic polymorphisms, pediatric comorbidities, interacting comedication, and environmental factors. Even if data are sparse, altered drug transporter activity due to those factors have been associated with clinically relevant differences in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety in pediatric patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in drug transporter-encoding genes were the most studied source of drug transporter variability in children. However, in the age group where drug transporter activity has been reported to differ from that in adults, namely neonates and young infants, hardly any studies have been performed. Longitudinal studies in this young population are required to investigate the age- and disease-dependent genotype-phenotype relationships and relevance of drug transporter drug-drug interactions. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approaches can integrate drug- and patient-specific parameters, including drug transporter ontogeny, and may further improve in silico predictions of pediatric-specific pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Rodieux
- Pediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verena Gotta
- Pediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Pfister
- Pediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Quantitative Solutions/Certara, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Johannes N van den Anker
- Pediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Tsukamoto M, Sato S, Satake K, Miyake M, Nakagawa H. Quantitative Evaluation of Drug Resistance Profile of Cells Expressing Wild-Type or Genetic Polymorphic Variants of the Human ABC Transporter ABCC4. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071435. [PMID: 28677646 PMCID: PMC5535926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum resistance in cancer cells is often caused by the overexpression of ABC transporters; which varies across individuals because of genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In the present study; we focused on human ABCC4 and established cells expressing the wild-type (WT) or SNP variants of human ABCC4 using the Flp-In™ system (Invitrogen, Life Technologies Corp, Carlsbad, CA, USA) based on Flp recombinase-mediated transfection to quantitatively evaluate the effects of nonsynonymous SNPs on the drug resistance profiles of cells. The mRNA levels of the cells expressing each ABCC4 variant were comparable. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay clearly indicated that the EC50 values of azathioprine against cells expressing ABCC4 (WT) were 1.4–1.7-fold higher than those against cells expressing SNP variants of ABCC4 (M184K; N297S; K304N or E757K). EC50 values of 6-mercaptopurine or 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) against cells expressing ABCC4 (WT) were also 1.4–2.0- or 1.9-fold higher than those against cells expressing the SNP variants of ABCC4 (K304N or E757K) or (K304N; P403L or E757K); respectively. These results indicate that the effects of nonsynonymous SNPs on the drug resistance profiles of cells expressing ABCC4 can be quantitatively evaluated using the Flp-In™ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Tsukamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Shiori Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Satake
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Miyake
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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21
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Oh JH, Lee JH, Han DH, Cho S, Lee YJ. Circadian Clock Is Involved in Regulation of Hepatobiliary Transport Mediated by Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2491-2498. [PMID: 28479363 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in circadian regulation of the expression and function of drug transporters. In this study, we investigated circadian rhythm in the expression and function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in mouse liver and involvement of circadian clock in their regulations by using the circadian clock genes (period 1 and period 2) knockout mice. The mRNA and protein expression of Mrp2, P-glycoprotein, and breast cancer resistance protein was measured in the mouse liver at different times of the day. Circadian variation of hepatobiliary excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein, a model substrate of Mrp2, was also investigated in mice. Circadian oscillation of Mrp2 protein expression was clearly observed in the mouse liver with levels down at the light phase and up at the dark phase. The cumulative biliary excretion and biliary clearance of phenolsulfonphthalein from the liver to the bile was 2.37- and 1.74-fold greater in mice administered during the dark phase than in those administered during the light phase, respectively. The circadian oscillation in mRNA expression of Mrp2 disappeared in period 1 and period 2 double knockout mice. These results suggest that the expression and function of Mrp2 show the circadian rhythm, controlled by circadian clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Oh
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Han
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center & Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyung Cho
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center & Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Lee
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Cellular Models and In Vitro Assays for the Screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040600. [PMID: 28397762 PMCID: PMC6153761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in tumor cells, as well as in organs involved in absorption and secretion processes, mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of compounds, both endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including drugs. Their expression and activity levels are modulated by the presence of inhibitors, inducers and/or activators. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies with both known and newly synthesized P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducers and/or activators have shown the usefulness of these transport mechanisms in reducing the systemic exposure and specific tissue access of potentially harmful compounds. This article focuses on the main ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance [P-gp, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] expressed in tissues of toxicological relevance, such as the blood-brain barrier, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney and intestine. Moreover, it provides a review of the available cellular models, in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening and selection of safe and specific inducers and activators of these membrane transporters. The available cellular models and in vitro assays have been proposed as high throughput and low-cost alternatives to excessive animal testing, allowing the evaluation of a large number of compounds.
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23
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Rawashdeh WA, Zuo S, Melle A, Appold L, Koletnik S, Tsvetkova Y, Beztsinna N, Pich A, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Gremse F. Noninvasive Assessment of Elimination and Retention using CT-FMT and Kinetic Whole-body Modeling. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1499-1510. [PMID: 28529633 PMCID: PMC5436509 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) is a quantitative three-dimensional imaging technique for preclinical research applications. The combination with micro-computed tomography (µCT) enables improved reconstruction and analysis. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of µCT-FMT and kinetic modeling to determine elimination and retention of typical model drugs and drug delivery systems. We selected four fluorescent probes with different but well-known biodistribution and elimination routes: Indocyanine green (ICG), hydroxyapatite-binding OsteoSense (OS), biodegradable nanogels (NG) and microbubbles (MB). µCT-FMT scans were performed in twenty BALB/c nude mice (5 per group) at 0.25, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after intravenous injection. Longitudinal organ curves were determined using interactive organ segmentation software and a pharmacokinetic whole-body model was implemented and applied to compute physiological parameters describing elimination and retention. ICG demonstrated high initial hepatic uptake which decreased rapidly while intestinal accumulation appeared for around 8 hours which is in line with the known direct uptake by hepatocytes followed by hepatobiliary elimination. Complete clearance from the body was observed at 48 h. NG showed similar but slower hepatobiliary elimination because these nanoparticles require degradation before elimination can take place. OS was strongly located in the bones in addition to high signal in the bladder at 0.25 h indicating fast renal excretion. MB showed longest retention in liver and spleen and low signal in the kidneys likely caused by renal elimination or retention of fragments. Furthermore, probe retention was found in liver (MB, NG and OS), spleen (MB) and kidneys (MB and NG) at 72 h which was confirmed by ex vivo data. The kinetic model enabled robust extraction of physiological parameters from the organ curves. In summary, µCT-FMT and kinetic modeling enable differentiation of hepatobiliary and renal elimination routes and allow for the noninvasive assessment of retention sites in relevant organs including liver, kidney, bone and spleen.
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24
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Li J, Larregieu CA, Benet LZ. Classification of natural products as sources of drugs according to the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system (BDDCS). Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:888-897. [PMID: 28262115 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are compounds that are derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and micro-organisms. Therapeutics has benefited from numerous drug classes derived from natural product sources. The Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) was proposed to serve as a basis for predicting the importance of transporters and enzymes in determining drug bioavailability and disposition. It categorizes drugs into one of four biopharmaceutical classes according to their water solubility and extent of metabolism. The present paper reviews 109 drugs from natural product sources: 29% belong to class 1 (high solubility, extensive metabolism), 22% to class 2 (low solubility, extensive metabolism), 40% to class 3 (high solubility, poor metabolism), and 9% to class 4 (low solubility, poor metabolism). Herein we evaluated the characteristics of NPs in terms of BDDCS class for all 109 drugs as wells as for subsets of NPs drugs derived from plant sources as antibiotics. In the 109 NPs drugs, we compiled 32 drugs from plants, 50% (16) of total in class 1, 22% (7) in class 2 and 28% (9) in class 3, none found in class 4; Meantime, the antibiotics were found 5 (16%) in class 2, 22 (71%) in class 3, and 4 (13%) in class 4; no drug was found in class 1. Based on this classification, we anticipate BDDCS to serve as a useful adjunct in evaluating the potential characteristics of new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Caroline A Larregieu
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912, USA
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912, USA.
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26
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Lukacova V, Goelzer P, Reddy M, Greig G, Reigner B, Parrott N. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Ganciclovir and Its Prodrug Valganciclovir in Adults and Children. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1453-1463. [PMID: 27450227 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed for ganciclovir and its prodrug valganciclovir. Initial bottom-up modeling based on physicochemical drug properties and measured in vitro inputs was verified in preclinical animal species, and then, a clinical model was verified in a stepwise fashion with pharmacokinetic data in adult, children, and neonatal patients. The final model incorporated conversion of valganciclovir to ganciclovir through esterases and permeability-limited tissue distribution of both drugs with active transport processes added in gut, liver, and kidney. A PBPK model which accounted for known age-related tissue volumes, composition and blood flows, and renal filtration clearance was able to simulate well the measured plasma exposures in adults and pediatric patients. Overall, this work illustrates the stepwise development of PBPK models which could be used to predict pharmacokinetics in infants and neonates, thereby assisting drug development in a vulnerable patient population where clinical data are challenging to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lukacova
- Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA
| | - P Goelzer
- Teva Pharmaceuticals, West Chester, Pennsylvania, 19380, USA
| | - M Reddy
- Array BioPharma, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
| | - G Greig
- Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Reigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Uchida Y, Toyohara T, Ohtsuki S, Moriyama Y, Abe T, Terasaki T. Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics for 28 Transporters in Brush-Border and Basolateral Membrane Fractions of Rat Kidney. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1011-1016. [PMID: 26367854 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the absolute protein expression levels of various transporters in renal brush-border membrane (BBM) and basolateral membrane (BLM) fractions, in order to understand the quantitative differences in average transport activities among different transporters at each cellular membrane. BBM and BLM fractions of rat kidney were prepared and digested with trypsin, and simultaneous absolute quantification of 28 transporters and a BLM marker, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, was performed using our established quantitative-targeted absolute proteomics (QTAP) technique. In BBM fraction, the protein expression levels of bcrp, urat1, mate1, octl1, mrp4, mdr1a, and abca3 were 40.3, 22.2, 8.90, 4.85, 4.69, 3.22, and 0.976 fmol/μg protein, respectively. In BLM fraction, the protein expression levels of oat1, oat3, oct1, mrp6, and mrp1 were 10.6, 10.2, 4.59, 0.724, and 0.271 fmol/μg protein, respectively. The expression levels of abca2, abca4, abca5, abca12, abcb4, mrp5, abcc9, abcg1, abcg5, lat1, ntcp, pgt, oatp2b1, oatp1b2, oatp3a1, and oct3 were under the limit of quantification in both fractions. The quantitative transporter protein expression profiles at these membranes, as determined by QTAP analysis, should be helpful to understand the contributions of individual transporters to renal excretion of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Toyohara
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Koo SH, Lo YL, Yee JY, Lee EJD. Genetic and/or non-genetic causes for inter-individual and inter-cellular variability in transporter protein expression: implications for understanding drug efficacy and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1821-37. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Palmberger TF, Laffleur F, Greindl M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In vivo evaluation of anionic thiolated polymers as oral delivery systems for efflux pump inhibition. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:318-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Tanino T, Nagai N, Funakami Y. Phloridzin-sensitive transport of echinacoside and acteoside and altered intestinal absorption route after application of Cistanche tubulosa extract. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1457-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study was to address the beneficial effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract on improving the low intestinal permeability of echinacoside (ECH) and acteoside (ACT).
Methods
Absorption of ECH and ACT in C. tubulosa extract was characterized using human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers with intact compounds. Glucose transporter-dependent absorption of ECH and ACT was confirmed by an in-situ intestinal perfusion technique.
Key findings
The apparent permeability (Papp) was not significantly different between intact ECH and intact ACT. In the presence of phloridzin, the Papp of the ECH and ACT at a high dose was reduced to 20% of the respective non-treatment, but was not altered by phloretin and verapamil. C. tubulosa extract at low and high doses enhanced the Papp of ECH and ACT (both by threefold), resulting in their large participation in sodium-dependent glucose transporter-independent absorption. At a low concentration, concomitant ECH and ACT levels in portal blood were significantly suppressed by phloridzin.
Conclusion
The dietary and medicinal C. tubulosa extract enhancing the intestinal absorption of ECH and ACT may serve to better manage human health, although the involvement of phloridzin-sensitive transport should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Tanino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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Schophuizen CM, De Napoli IE, Jansen J, Teixeira S, Wilmer MJ, Hoenderop JG, Van den Heuvel LP, Masereeuw R, Stamatialis D. Development of a living membrane comprising a functional human renal proximal tubule cell monolayer on polyethersulfone polymeric membrane. Acta Biomater 2015; 14:22-32. [PMID: 25527093 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The need for improved renal replacement therapies has stimulated innovative research for the development of a cell-based renal assist device. A key requirement for such a device is the formation of a "living membrane", consisting of a tight kidney cell monolayer with preserved functional organic ion transporters on a suitable artificial membrane surface. In this work, we applied a unique conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell (ciPTEC) line with an optimized coating strategy on polyethersulfone (PES) membranes to develop a living membrane with a functional proximal tubule epithelial cell layer. PES membranes were coated with combinations of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine and human collagen IV (Coll IV). The optimal coating time and concentrations were determined to achieve retention of vital blood components while preserving high water transport and optimal ciPTEC adhesion. The ciPTEC monolayers obtained were examined through immunocytochemistry to detect zona occludens 1 tight junction proteins. Reproducible monolayers were formed when using a combination of 2 mg ml(-1) 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (4 min coating, 1h dissolution) and 25 μg ml(-1) Coll IV (4 min coating). The successful transport of (14)C-creatinine through the developed living membrane system was used as an indication for organic cation transporter functionality. The addition of metformin or cimetidine significantly reduced the creatinine transepithelial flux, indicating active creatinine uptake in ciPTECs, most likely mediated by the organic cation transporter, OCT2 (SLC22A2). In conclusion, this study shows the successful development of a living membrane consisting of a reproducible ciPTEC monolayer on PES membranes, an important step towards the development of a bioartificial kidney.
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Ohya H, Shibayama Y, Ogura J, Narumi K, Kobayashi M, Iseki K. Regorafenib is transported by the organic anion transporter 1B1 and the multidrug resistance protein 2. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:582-6. [PMID: 25739790 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Regorafenib is a small molecule inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, and has been shown to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The transport profiles of regorafenib by various transporters were evaluated. HEK293/organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) cells exhibited increased drug sensitivity to regorafenib. Regorafenib inhibited the uptake of 3H-estrone sulfate by HEK293/OATP1B1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect its elimination by P-glycoproteins. The concentration of regorafenib was significantly lower in LLC-PK1/multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) cells than in LLC-PK1 cells treated with the MRP2 inhibitor, MK571. MK571 abolished the inhibitory effects of regorafenib on intracellular accumulation in LLC-PK1/MRP2 cells. The uptake of regorafenib was significantly higher in HEK293/OATP1B1 cells than in OATP1B1-mock cells. Transport kinetics values were estimated to be Km=15.9 µM and Vmax=1.24 nmol/mg/min. No significant difference was observed in regorafenib concentrations between HEK293/OATP1B3 and OATP1B3-mock cells. These results indicated that regorafenib is a substrate for MRP2 and OATP1B1, and also suggest that the substrate preference of regorafenib may implicate the pharmacokinetic profiles of regorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Karvar S, Suda J, Zhu L, Rockey DC. Distribution dynamics and functional importance of NHERF1 in regulation of Mrp-2 trafficking in hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C727-37. [PMID: 25163515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00011.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that interacts with receptors and ion transporters in its PDZ domains and with the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins in its COOH terminus. The role of NHERF1 in hepatocyte function remains largely unknown. We examine the distribution and physiological significance of NHERF1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp-2) in hepatocytes. A WT radixin binding site mutant (F355R) and NHERF1 PDZ1 and PDZ2 domain adenoviral mutant constructs were tagged with yellow fluorescent protein and expressed in polarized hepatocytes to study localization and function of NHERF1. Cellular distribution of NHERF1 and radixin was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. A 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) assay was used to characterize Mrp-2 function. Similar to Mrp-2, WT NHERF1 and the NHERF1 PDZ2 deletion mutant were localized to the canalicular membrane. In contrast, the radixin binding site mutant (F355R) and the NHERF1 PDZ1 deletion mutant, which interacts poorly with Mrp-2, were rarely associated with the canalicular membrane. Knockdown of NHERF1 led to dramatically impaired CMFDA secretory response. Use of CMFDA showed that the NHERF1 PDZ1 and F355R mutants were devoid of a secretory response, while WT NHERF1-infected cells exhibited increased secretion of glutathione-methylfluorescein. The data indicate that NHERF1 interacts with Mrp-2 via the PDZ1 domain of NHERF1 and, furthermore, that NHERF1 is essential for maintaining the localization and function of Mrp-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Karvar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina;
| | - Jo Suda
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Don C Rockey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Nornberg BF, Batista CR, Almeida DV, Trindade GS, Marins LF. ABCB1 and ABCC4 efflux transporters are involved in methyl parathion detoxification in ZFL cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:204-10. [PMID: 25286004 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The multi-xenobiotics resistance (MXR) mechanisms are the first line of defense against toxic substances in aquatic organisms and present great importance in the adaptation related to contaminated environments. Methyl parathion (MP) is a widely used organophosphate pesticide, which has been associated to various toxic effects in organisms. In the present work, we studied the main genes related to efflux transporters in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells exposed to MP with and without an inhibitor of ABC transporters (verapamil). The results concerning transporters activity showed that the MXR mechanism is activated to detoxify from methyl parathion. The toxic effects of MP on ZFL cells were increased in the presence of the efflux transporter inhibitor, once cell viability was significantly decreased in co-exposure experiments. The combined exposure to MP and the inhibitor caused an increase in gene expression of P-gp1 (Abcb1) and MRP4 (Abcc4), suggesting that these transporters isoforms are associated with MP efflux. In general, the expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense system (ADS) was significantly increased in ZFL cells co-exposed to MP and verapamil. These data provide useful insights for better understanding of MP detoxification mechanism in fish hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Félix Nornberg
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil.
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35
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Ainslie GR, Wolf KK, Li Y, Connolly EA, Scarlett YV, Hull JH, Paine MF. Assessment of a candidate marker constituent predictive of a dietary substance-drug interaction: case study with grapefruit juice and CYP3A4 drug substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:576-84. [PMID: 25253884 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary substances, including herbal products and citrus juices, can perpetrate interactions with conventional medications. Regulatory guidances for dietary substance-drug interaction assessment are lacking. This deficiency is due in part to challenges unique to dietary substances, a lack of requisite human-derived data, and limited jurisdiction. An in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) approach to help address some of these hurdles was evaluated using the exemplar dietary substance grapefruit juice (GFJ), the candidate marker constituent 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), and the purported victim drug loperamide. First, the GFJ-loperamide interaction was assessed in 16 healthy volunteers. Loperamide (16 mg) was administered with 240 ml of water or GFJ; plasma was collected from 0 to 72 hours. Relative to water, GFJ increased the geometric mean loperamide area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) significantly (1.7-fold). Second, the mechanism-based inhibition kinetics for DHB were recovered using human intestinal microsomes and the index CYP3A4 reaction, loperamide N-desmethylation (KI [concentration needed to achieve one-half kinact], 5.0 ± 0.9 µM; kinact [maximum inactivation rate constant], 0.38 ± 0.02 minute(-1)). These parameters were incorporated into a mechanistic static model, which predicted a 1.6-fold increase in loperamide AUC. Third, the successful IVIVE prompted further application to 15 previously reported GFJ-drug interaction studies selected according to predefined criteria. Twelve of the interactions were predicted to within the 25% predefined criterion. Results suggest that DHB could be used to predict the CYP3A4-mediated effect of GFJ. This time- and cost-effective IVIVE approach could be applied to other dietary substance-drug interactions to help prioritize new and existing drugs for more advanced (dynamic) modeling and simulation and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R Ainslie
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
| | - Kristina K Wolf
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
| | - Yingxin Li
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
| | - Elizabeth A Connolly
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
| | - Yolanda V Scarlett
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
| | - J Heyward Hull
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Curriculum in Toxicology (G.R.A., M.F.P.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.V.S.), School of Medicine, and UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy (K.K.W., Y.L., E.A.C., J.H.H.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (G.R.A., M.F.P.)
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Ito N, Ito K, Ikebuchi Y, Kito T, Miyata H, Toyoda Y, Takada T, Hisaka A, Honma M, Oka A, Kusuhara H, Suzuki H. Organic cation transporter/solute carrier family 22a is involved in drug transfer into milk in mice. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3342-8. [PMID: 25175747 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug transfer into milk is a general concern during lactation. So far, breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) is the only transporter known to be involved in this process, whereas participation of other transporters remains unclear. We investigated the importance of organic cation transporter (Oct) in drug transfer into milk in mice. The mammary glands of lactating versus nonlactating FVB strain mice revealed elevated mRNA levels of Oct1 and Bcrp, whereas Oct2 and Oct3 mRNA levels were decreased. Specific uptake of cimetidine, acyclovir, metformin, and terbutaline was observed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with murine Oct1 or Oct2. The milk-to-plasma concentration ratio (M/P) values of cimetidine and acyclovir were significantly decreased in Bcrp knockout and Oct1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mice compared with control FVB mice, whereas the M/P values of terbutaline and metformin were significantly decreased in Oct1/2 DKO mice alone. These are the first to suggest that Oct1 might be involved in secretory transfer of substrate drugs into milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Nakano T, Sekine S, Ito K, Horie T. Ezrin regulates the expression of Mrp2/Abcc2 and Mdr1/Abcb1 along the rat small intestinal tract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G807-17. [PMID: 24091598 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00187.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2)/ATP-binding cassette protein C2 (ABCC2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1)/ABCB1 are well-known efflux transporters located on the brush border membrane of the small intestinal epithelia, where they limit the absorption of a broad range of substrates. The expression patterns of MRP2/ABCC2 and MDR1/ABCB1 along the small intestinal tract are tightly regulated. Several reports have demonstrated the participation of ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins in the posttranslational modulation of MRP2/ABCC2 and MDR1/ABCB1, especially with regard to their membrane localization. The present study focused on the in vivo expression profiles of MRP2/ABCC2, MDR1/ABCB1, ezrin, and phosphorylated ezrin to further elucidate the relationship between the efflux transporters and the ERM proteins. The current results showed good correlation between the phosphorylation status of ezrin and Mrp2/Abcc2 expression along the gastrointestinal tract of rats and between the expression profiles of both ezrin and Mdr1/Abcb1 in the small intestine. We also demonstrated the involvement of conventional protein kinase C isoforms in the regulation of ezrin phosphorylation. Furthermore, experiments conducted with wild-type (WT) ezrin and a T567A (Ala substituted Thr) dephosphorylated mutant showed a decrease in membrane surface-localized and total expressed MRP2/ABCC2 in T567A-expressing vs. WT ezrin-expressing Caco-2 cells. In contrast, T567A- and WT-expressing cells both showed an increase in membrane surface-localized and total expressed MDR1/ABCB1. These findings suggest that the phosphorylation status and the expression profile of ezrin differentially direct MRP2/ABCC2 and MDR1/ABCB1 expression, respectively, along the small intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan.
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38
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Reshetnyak VI. Physiological and molecular biochemical mechanisms of bile formation. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7341-7360. [PMID: 24259965 PMCID: PMC3831216 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review considers the physiological and molecular biochemical mechanisms of bile formation. The composition of bile and structure of a bile canaliculus, biosynthesis and conjugation of bile acids, bile phospholipids, formation of bile micellar structures, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids are described. In general, the review focuses on the molecular physiology of the transporting systems of the hepatocyte sinusoidal and apical membranes. Knowledge of physiological and biochemical basis of bile formation has implications for understanding the mechanisms of development of pathological processes, associated with diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
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Desbans C, Hilgendorf C, Lutz M, Bachellier P, Zacharias T, Weber JC, Dolgos H, Richert L, Ungell AL. Prediction of fraction metabolized via CYP3A in humans utilizing cryopreserved human hepatocytes from a set of 12 single donors. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:17-27. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.809617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Yokooji T. Role of ABC Efflux Transporters in the Oral Bioavailability and Drug-induced Intestinal Toxicity. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:815-22. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Yokooji
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Siegal T. Which drug or drug delivery system can change clinical practice for brain tumor therapy? Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:656-69. [PMID: 23502426 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis and treatment outcome for primary brain tumors have remained unchanged despite advances in anticancer drug discovery and development. In clinical trials, the majority of promising experimental agents for brain tumors have had limited impact on survival or time to recurrence. These disappointing results are partially explained by the inadequacy of effective drug delivery to the CNS. The impediments posed by the various specialized physiological barriers and active efflux mechanisms lead to drug failure because of inability to reach the desired target at a sufficient concentration. This perspective reviews the leading strategies that aim to improve drug delivery to brain tumors and their likelihood to change clinical practice. The English literature was searched for defined search items. Strategies that use systemic delivery and those that use local delivery are critically reviewed. In addition, challenges posed for drug delivery by combined treatment with anti-angiogenic therapy are outlined. To impact clinical practice and to achieve more than just a limited local control, new drugs and delivery systems must adhere to basic clinical expectations. These include, in addition to an antitumor effect, a verified favorable adverse effects profile, easy introduction into clinical practice, feasibility of repeated or continuous administration, and compatibility of the drug or delivery system with any tumor size and brain location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Siegal
- Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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42
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Zou LL, Ma JL, Wang T, Yang TB, Liu CB. Cell-penetrating Peptide-mediated therapeutic molecule delivery into the central nervous system. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:197-208. [PMID: 23997754 PMCID: PMC3637673 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a dynamic and complex barrier formed by endothelial cells, can impede the entry of unwanted substances - pathogens and therapeutic molecules alike - into the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood circulation. Taking into account the fact that CNS-related diseases are the largest and fastest growing unmet medical concern, many potential protein- and nucleic acid-based medicines have been developed for therapeutic purposes. However, due to their poor ability to cross the BBB and the plasma membrane, the above-mentioned bio-macromolecules have limited use in treating neurological diseases. Finding effective, safe, and convenient ways to deliver therapeutic molecules into the CNS is thus urgently required. In recent decades, much effort has been expended in the development of drug delivery technologies, of which cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have the most promising potential. The present review covers the latest advances in CPP delivery technology, and provides an update on their use in CNS-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zou
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical School of China Three
Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
- Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microorganism, Medical School of China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie-Lan Ma
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical School of China Three
Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical School of China Three
Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Tang-Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microorganism, Medical School of China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical School of China Three
Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
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Wang Z, Pal D, Patel A, Kwatra D, Mitra AK. Influence of overexpression of efflux proteins on the function and gene expression of endogenous peptide transporters in MDR-transfected MDCKII cell lines. Int J Pharm 2012; 441:40-9. [PMID: 23262422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to delineate whether overexpression of human efflux transporters (P-gp, MRP2, and BCRP) in transfected MDCK cells affect the functional activities, and gene and protein expression of endogenous influx peptide transporter system (PepT). Real-time PCR, immunoblotting, uptake and permeability studies of [(3)H]Gly-Sar were conducted on transfected MDCKII and wild-type cells to investigate functional differences. Cellular [(3)H]Gly-Sar accumulation was significantly lower in transfected MDCKII cell lines compared to wild-type cells. Transport efficiency of apical peptide transporters was markedly reduced to around 25%, 30%, and 40% in P-gp-, MRP2-, and BCRP-overexpressed MDCK cell lines, respectively. With ascending cell-passage, transport efficiency was enhanced. A significantly higher Gly-Sar permeability was observed across parental cell-monolayers over transfected cells at all pHs. Levels of mRNA for both canine PepT1 and PepT2 were substantially reduced when efflux transporters overexpressed but enhanced when mRNA-levels of efflux genes diminished with ascending cell-passage of transfected cells. An inverse correlation was evident between endogenous PepT and exogenous efflux transporters in transfected MDCKII cells. Results of protein expression also supported these findings. Overexpression of MDR genes can affect endogenous PepT function which might be due to the phenomenon of transporter-compensation resulting in down-regulation of endogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Health Sciences Building, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA
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Crowe A, Keelan JA. Development of a Model for Functional Studies of ABCG2 (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein) Efflux Employing a Standard BeWo Clone (B24). Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 10:476-84. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Crowe
- School of Pharmacy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Keelan
- School of Women's and Infants Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Liu W, Feng Q, Li Y, Ye L, Hu M, Liu Z. Coupling of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and multidrug resistance-associated proteins is responsible for the intestinal disposition and poor bioavailability of emodin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:316-24. [PMID: 22982073 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is a poorly bioavailable but promising plant-derived anticancer drug candidate. The low oral bioavailability of emodin is due to its extensive glucuronidation in the intestine and liver. Caco-2 cell culture model was used to investigate the interplay between UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and efflux transporters in the intestinal disposition of emodin. Bidirectional transport assays of emodin at different concentrations were performed in the Caco-2 monolayers with or without multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) efflux transporter chemical inhibitors. The bidirectional permeability of emodin and its glucuronide in the Caco-2 monolayers was determined. Emodin was rapidly metabolized to emodin glucuronide in Caco-2 cells. LTC4, a potent inhibitor of MRP2, decreased the efflux of emodin glucuronide and also substantially increased the intracellular glucuronide level in the basolateral-to-apical (B-A) direction. MK-571, chemical inhibitor of MRP2, MRP3, and MRP4, significantly reduced the efflux of glucuronide in the apical-to-basolateral (A-B) and B-A directions in a dose-dependent manner. However, dipyridamole, a BCRP chemical inhibitor demonstrated no effect on formation and efflux of emodin glucuronide in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, UGT is a main metabolic pathway for emodin in the intestine, and the MRP family is composed of major efflux transporters responsible for the excretion of emodin glucuronide in the intestine. The coupling of UGTs and MRP efflux transporters causes the extensive metabolism, excretion, and low bioavailability of emodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wong CC, Akiyama Y, Abe T, Lippiat JD, Orfila C, Williamson G. Carrier-mediated transport of quercetin conjugates: Involvement of organic anion transporters and organic anion transporting polypeptides. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:564-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Hu M, Mak VWL, Yin OQP, Chu TTW, Tomlinson B. Effects of grapefruit juice and SLCO1B1 388A>G polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of pitavastatin. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 28:104-8. [PMID: 22850760 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pitavastatin undergoes little hepatic metabolism but it is a substrate for uptake and efflux transporters, particularly OATP1B1 (gene SLCO1B1). A previous study in 8 Japanese healthy subjects showed that co-administration with grapefruit juice (GFJ) resulted in a small increase in systemic exposure to pitavastatin. We examined whether common polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 might influence the pharmacokinetics of pitavastatin or the interaction with GFJ. Twelve Chinese healthy male volunteers took pitavastatin 2 mg orally with water or with GFJ on separate occasions and plasma concentrations of pitavastatin acid and lactone were measured over 48 h. GFJ increased the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-48 h) for both pitavastatin acid and lactone by 14% (p<0.05). Subjects with SLCO1B1 *1b/*1b haplotype (388GG-521TT) had 47% and 44% higher systemic exposure for pitavastatin acid and lactone than the SLCO1B1 *1a carriers (388AA/AG-521TT, p<0.05 and p=0.005, respectively). The SLCO1B1 388A>G polymorphism, which increases transporter activity for some statins, was associated with higher plasma levels of pitavastatin acid and lactone in subjects with the homozygous variant indicating decreased hepatic uptake. Co-administration of pitavastatin with GFJ resulted in a small but significant increase in plasma levels in healthy Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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Aronica E, Sisodiya SM, Gorter JA. Cerebral expression of drug transporters in epilepsy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:919-29. [PMID: 22138133 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of drug efflux transporters at the level of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been proposed as a mechanism responsible for multidrug resistance. Drug transporters in epileptogenic tissue are not only expressed in endothelial cells at the BBB, but also in other brain parenchymal cells, such as astrocytes, microglia and neurons, suggesting a complex cell type-specific regulation under pathological conditions associated with epilepsy. This review focuses on the cerebral expression patterns of several classes of well-known membrane drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp), and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) in the epileptogenic brain. Both experimental and clinical evidence of epilepsy-associated cerebral drug transporter regulation and the possible mechanisms underlying drug transporter regulation are discussed. Knowledge of the cerebral expression patterns of drug transporters in normal and epileptogenic brain will provide relevant information to guide strategies attempting to overcome drug resistance by targeting specific transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kuo KL, Zhu H, McNamara PJ, Leggas M. Localization and functional characterization of the rat Oatp4c1 transporter in an in vitro cell system and rat tissues. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39641. [PMID: 22768102 PMCID: PMC3387246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptide 4c1 (Oatp4c1) was previously identified as a novel uptake transporter predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane in the rat kidney proximal tubules. Its functional role was suggested to be a vectorial transport partner of an apically-expressed efflux transporter for the efficient translocation of physiological substrates into urine, some of which were suggested to be uremic toxins. However, our in vitro studies with MDCKII cells showed that upon transfection rat Oatp4c1 polarizes to the apical membrane. In this report, we validated the trafficking and function of Oatp4c1 in polarized cell systems as well as its subcellular localization in rat kidney. Using several complementary biochemical, molecular and proteomic methods as well as antibodies amenable to immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and immunobloting we investigated the expression pattern of Oatp4c1 in polarized cell systems and in the rat kidney. Collectively, these data demonstrate that rat Oatp4c1 traffics to the apical cell surface of polarized epithelium and localizes primarily in the proximal straight tubules, the S3 fraction of the nephron. Drug uptake studies in Oatp4c1-overexpressing cells demonstrated that Oatp4c1-mediated estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) uptake was pH-dependent and ATP-independent. These data definitively demonstrate the subcellular localization and histological location of Oatp4c1 and provide additional functional evidence that reconciles expression-function reports found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ling Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Patrick J. McNamara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- * E-mail:
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50
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Association of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs12762549 with the basal plasma levels of phase II metabolites of isoflavonoids in healthy Japanese individuals. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 22:344-54. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283517012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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