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Bai Z, Zhao Z, Wang S, Li H, Chen DDY. Ambient mass spectrometry imaging of food natural products by angled direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 454:139802. [PMID: 38797098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct surface analysis in ambient conditions provides information on the position and chemical composition of an object at the time of investigation. An angled sampling probe is developed in this work for direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The DART ion source and the interface were modified for improved surface resolution, increased ion transfer efficiency, as well as enabling two-dimensional surface scanning. The angled probe DART-MS system was used for investigating a variety of food samples including fruit peels, ginseng root, plant leaves and sections of radish. Abundant signals and distinct chemical profiles are obtained in seconds, and spatial distribution of different molecules across the sample surfaces can be observed. In addition, the developed system can quickly identify the chemical changes when the surfaces were treated. The method is capable of directly evaluating food sample surfaces with different shapes, hardness, and conditions, without any sample pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Saiting Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Zou Y, Tang W, Li B. Exploring natural product biosynthesis in plants with mass spectrometry imaging. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00231-0. [PMID: 39341734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of natural products (NPs) is a complex dynamic spatial and temporal process that requires the collaboration of multiple disciplines to explore the underlying mechanisms. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful technique for studying NPs due to its high molecular coverage and sensitivity without the need for labeling. To date, many analysts still use MSI primarily for visualizing the distribution of NPs in heterogeneous tissues, although studies have proved that it can provide crucial insights into the specialized spatial metabolic process of NPs. In this review we strive to bring awareness of the importance of MSI, and we advocate further exploitation of the spatial information obtained from MSI to establish metabolite-gene expression relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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3
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Vats M, Cillero-Pastor B, Cuypers E, Heeren RMA. Mass spectrometry imaging in plants, microbes, and food: a review. Analyst 2024; 149:4553-4582. [PMID: 39196541 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant health, which affects the nutritional quality and safety of derivative food products, is influenced by symbiotic interactions with microorganisms. These interactions influence the local molecular profile at the tissue level. Therefore, studying the distribution of molecules within plants, microbes, and plant-based food is crucial to assess plant health, ensure the safety and quality of the agricultural products that become part of our food supply, and plan agricultural management practices. Within this framework, the molecular distribution within plant-based samples can be visualized with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). This review describes key MSI methodologies, highlighting the role they play in unraveling the localization of metabolites, lipids, proteins, pigments, and elemental components across plants, microbes, and food products. Furthermore, investigations that involve multimodal molecular imaging approaches combining MSI with other imaging techniques are described. The advantages and limitations of the different MSI techniques that influence their applicability in diverse agro-food studies are described to enable informed choices for tailored analyses. For example, some MSI technologies involve meticulous sample preparation while others compromise spatial resolution to gain throughput. Key parameters such as sensitivity, ionization bias and fragmentation, reference database and compound class specificity are described and discussed in this review. With the ongoing refinements in instrumentation, data analysis, and integration of complementary techniques, MSI deepens our insight into the molecular biology of the agricultural ecosystem. This in turn empowers the quest for sustainable and productive agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudita Vats
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering (cBITE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Cuypers
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Dannhorn A, Kazanc E, Flint L, Guo F, Carter A, Hall AR, Jones SA, Poulogiannis G, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Bunch J, Takats Z, Goodwin RJA. Morphological and molecular preservation through universal preparation of fresh-frozen tissue samples for multimodal imaging workflows. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:2685-2711. [PMID: 38806741 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The landscape of tissue-based imaging modalities is constantly and rapidly evolving. While formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material is still useful for histological imaging, the fixation process irreversibly changes the molecular composition of the sample. Therefore, many imaging approaches require fresh-frozen material to get meaningful results. This is particularly true for molecular imaging techniques such as mass spectrometry imaging, which are widely used to probe the spatial arrangement of the tissue metabolome. As high-quality fresh-frozen tissues are limited in their availability, any sample preparation workflow they are subjected to needs to ensure morphological and molecular preservation of the tissues and be compatible with as many of the established and emerging imaging techniques as possible to obtain the maximum possible insights from the tissues. Here we describe a universal sample preparation workflow, from the initial step of freezing the tissues to the cold embedding in a new hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone-enriched hydrogel and the generation of thin tissue sections for analysis. Moreover, we highlight the optimized storage conditions that limit molecular and morphological degradation of the sections. The protocol is compatible with human and plant tissues and can be easily adapted for the preparation of alternative sample formats (e.g., three-dimensional cell cultures). The integrated workflow is universally compatible with histological tissue analysis, mass spectrometry imaging and imaging mass cytometry, as well as spatial proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic tissue analysis. The protocol can be completed within 4 h and requires minimal prior experience in the preparation of tissue samples for multimodal imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dannhorn
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emine Kazanc
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Flint
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fei Guo
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Safety Innovations, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfie Carter
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Safety Innovations, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- Safety Innovations, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stewart A Jones
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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5
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Jouhet J, Alves E, Boutté Y, Darnet S, Domergue F, Durand T, Fischer P, Fouillen L, Grube M, Joubès J, Kalnenieks U, Kargul JM, Khozin-Goldberg I, Leblanc C, Letsiou S, Lupette J, Markov GV, Medina I, Melo T, Mojzeš P, Momchilova S, Mongrand S, Moreira ASP, Neves BB, Oger C, Rey F, Santaeufemia S, Schaller H, Schleyer G, Tietel Z, Zammit G, Ziv C, Domingues R. Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 96:101290. [PMID: 39094698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/INRAE/CEA/Grenoble Alpes Univ., 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Pauline Fischer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanna M Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Dryland Agriculture and Biotechnology, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spiridonos str. Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bruna B Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sergio Santaeufemia
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Schleyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel
| | - Gabrielle Zammit
- Laboratory of Applied Phycology, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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6
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Hu H, Qiu K, Hao Q, He X, Qin L, Chen L, Yang C, Dai X, Liu H, Xu H, Guo H, Li J, Wu R, Feng J, Zhou Y, Han J, Xiao C, Wang X. Electromagnetic Field-Assisted Frozen Tissue Planarization Enhances MALDI-MSI in Plant Spatial Omics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11809-11822. [PMID: 38975729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant samples with irregular morphology are challenging for longitudinal tissue sectioning. This has restricted the ability to gain insight into some plants using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Herein, we develop a novel technique termed electromagnetic field-assisted frozen tissue planarization (EMFAFTP). This technique involves using a pair of adjustable electromagnets on both sides of a plant tissue. Under an optimized electromagnetic field strength, nondestructive planarization and regularization of the frozen tissue is induced, allowing the longitudinal tissue sectioning that favors subsequent molecular profiling by MALDI-MSI. As a proof of concept, flowers, leaves and roots with irregular morphology from six plant species are chosen to evaluate the performance of EMFAFTP for MALDI-MSI of secondary metabolites, amino acids, lipids, and proteins among others in the plant samples. The significantly enhanced MALDI-MSI capabilities of these endogenous molecules demonstrate the robustness of EMFAFTP and suggest it has the potential to become a standard technique for advancing MALDI-MSI into a new era of plant spatial omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kaidi Qiu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qichen Hao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojia He
- The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Liang Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Han
- Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Chunwang Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Gao YY, He J, Li XH, Li JH, Wu H, Wen T, Li J, Hao GF, Yoon J. Fluorescent chemosensors facilitate the visualization of plant health and their living environment in sustainable agriculture. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6992-7090. [PMID: 38841828 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, 91% of plant production encounters diverse environmental stresses that adversely affect their growth, leading to severe yield losses of 50-60%. In this case, monitoring the connection between the environment and plant health can balance population demands with environmental protection and resource distribution. Fluorescent chemosensors have shown great progress in monitoring the health and environment of plants due to their high sensitivity and biocompatibility. However, to date, no comprehensive analysis and systematic summary of fluorescent chemosensors used in monitoring the correlation between plant health and their environment have been reported. Thus, herein, we summarize the current fluorescent chemosensors ranging from their design strategies to applications in monitoring plant-environment interaction processes. First, we highlight the types of fluorescent chemosensors with design strategies to resolve the bottlenecks encountered in monitoring the health and living environment of plants. In addition, the applications of fluorescent small-molecule, nano and supramolecular chemosensors in the visualization of the health and living environment of plants are discussed. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives in this field are presented. This work will provide guidance for the design of efficient fluorescent chemosensors to monitor plant health, and then promote sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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8
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Barrera-Adame DA, Schuster S, Niedermeyer THJ. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Coniine and Other Hemlock Alkaloids after On-Tissue Derivatization Reveals Distinct Alkaloid Distributions in the Plant. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38904441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites play important roles in plants and can, for example, protect plants from predators or pathogens. Alkaloids, due to their pronounced biological activity on higher animals, are one of the most intriguing groups of specialized metabolites, and many of them are known as plant defense compounds. Poison hemlock, Conium maculatum, is well-known for its high content of piperidine alkaloids, of which coniine is the most famous. The distribution, localization, and diversity of these compounds in C. maculatum tissues have not yet been studied in detail. The hemlock alkaloids are low molecular weight compounds with relatively high volatility. They are thus difficult to analyze on-tissue by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging due to delocalization, which occurs even when using an atmospheric pressure ion source. In this manuscript, we describe an on-tissue derivatization method that allows the subsequent determination of the spatial distribution of hemlock alkaloids in different plant tissues by mass spectrometry imaging. Coniferyl aldehyde was found to be a suitable reagent for derivatization of the secondary amine alkaloids. The imaging analysis revealed that even chemically closely related hemlock alkaloids are discretely distributed in different plant tissues. Additionally, we detected a yet undescribed hemlock alkaloid in Conium maculatum seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Barrera-Adame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Ashbacher SM, Mills Q, Sohn AL, Xie DY, Muddiman DC. Incorporation of Three Different Optical Trains into the IR-MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Platform to Characterize Artemisia annua. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1245-1252. [PMID: 38686539 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Artemisinin is the leading medication for the treatment of malaria and is only produced naturally in Artemisia annua. The localization of artemisinin in both the glandular and non-glandular trichomes of the plant makes it an ideal candidate for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as a model system for method development. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization MSI (IR-MALDESI-MSI) has the capability to detect hundreds to thousands of analytes simultaneously, providing abundance information in conjunction with species localization throughout a sample. The development of several new optical trains and their application to the IR-MALDESI-MSI platform has improved data quality in previous proof-of-concept experiments but has not yet been applied to analysis of native biological samples, especially the MSI analysis of plants. This study aimed to develop a workflow and optimize MSI parameters, specifically the laser optical train, for the analysis of Artemisia annua with the NextGen IR-MALDESI platform coupled to an Orbitrap Exploris 240 mass spectrometer. Two laser optics were compared to the conventional set up, of which include a Schwarzschild-like reflective objective and a diffractive optical element (DOE). These optics, respectively, enhance the spatial resolution of imaging experiments or create a square spot shape for top-hat imaging. Ultimately, we incorporated and characterized three different optical trains into our analysis of Artemisia annua to study metabolites in the artemisinin pathway. These improvements in our workflow, resulted in high spatial resolution and improved ion abundance from previous work, which will allow us to address many different questions in plant biology beyond this model system.
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10
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Kempthorne CJ, St Pierre M, Le A, Livingstone S, McNulty J, Cadotte MW, Liscombe DK. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for the elucidation of alkaloid biosynthesis and function in invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum populations. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114051. [PMID: 38452878 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The genus Vincetoxicum includes a couple of highly invasive vines in North America that threaten biodiversity and challenge land management strategies. Vincetoxicum species are known to produce bioactive phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids that might play a role in the invasiveness of these plants via chemical interactions with other organisms. Untargeted, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches were used to explore specialized metabolism in Vincetoxicum plants collected from invaded sites in Ontario, Canada. All metabolites corresponding to alkaloids in lab and field samples of V. rossicum and V. nigrum were identified, which collectively contained 25 different alkaloidal features. The biosynthesis of these alkaloids was investigated by the incorporation of the stable isotope-labelled phenylalanine precursor providing a basis for an updated biosynthetic pathway accounting for the rapid generation of chemical diversity in invasive Vincetoxicum. Aqueous extracts of aerial Vincetoxicum rossicum foliage had phytotoxic activity against seedlings of several species, resulting in identification of tylophorine as a phytotoxin; tylophorine and 14 other alkaloids from Vincetoxicum accumulated in soils associated with full-sun and a high-density of V. rossicum. Using desorption-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 15 alkaloids were found to accumulate at wounded sites of V. rossicum leaves, a chemical cocktail that would be encountered by feeding herbivores. Understanding the specialized metabolism of V. rossicum provides insight into the roles and influences of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids in ecological systems and enables potential, natural product-based approaches for the control of invasive Vincetoxicum and other weedy species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Kempthorne
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Ave North, Box 4000, Vineland Station, Ontario, L0R 2E0, Canada; Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Max St Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrew Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Stuart Livingstone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - David K Liscombe
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Ave North, Box 4000, Vineland Station, Ontario, L0R 2E0, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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11
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Vats M, Cillero-Pastor B, Flinders B, Cuypers E, Heeren RMA. Mass spectrometry imaging reveals flavor distribution in edible mushrooms. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:888-896. [PMID: 38487283 PMCID: PMC10933231 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of molecules and compounds responsible for the flavor profile of edible button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporous) has never been determined. The food industry is interested in knowing the localization of these compounds. Such knowledge would enable extraction of flavor compounds from a particular regions of the mushroom, which is safer for consumption compared to alternatives such as synthetic flavoring agents. The present study utilizes matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), to determine the spatial distribution of flavor compounds in a mushroom. As MALDI-MSI requires very thin sections, a sample preparation protocol was optimized and sectioning fresh frozen mushrooms at 35 µm thickness was considered the best method to evaluate the distribution of flavor compounds. Further, the effect of heat on the spatial distribution of flavor compounds was investigated by heating whole mushrooms to 140 ℃ prior to sectioning. Heating reduced the water content of the mushroom and thus enabled the generation of even-thinner 17 µm thick sections. MALDI-MSI measurements performed on underivatized and on-tissue derivatized fresh frozen and heat-treated mushroom sections elucidated the spatial distribution of several flavor-related compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05883-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudita Vats
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering (cBITE), MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryn Flinders
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Cuypers
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Sorokin AA, Pekov SI, Zavorotnyuk DS, Shamraeva MM, Bormotov DS, Popov IA. Modern machine-learning applications in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38671553 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of methods of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS). AIMS has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in recent years, allowing for rapid and sensitive analysis of various samples without the need for extensive sample preparation. The integration of ML/AI algorithms with AIMS has further expanded its capabilities, enabling enhanced data analysis. This review discusses ML/AI algorithms applicable to the AIMS data and highlights the key advancements and potential benefits of utilizing ML/AI in the field of mass spectrometry, with a focus on the AIMS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Sorokin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Pekov
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department for Molecular and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Denis S Zavorotnyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Mariya M Shamraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Denis S Bormotov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Igor A Popov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Yuan X, Bowling A, Gemperline E, Mannam V, Howard S. Real-time, depth-resolved, in vivo multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of agricultural herbicide treatments in plants. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13733-13745. [PMID: 38859335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective and safe agricultural treatments requires sub-cellular insight of the biochemical effects of treatments in living tissue in real-time. Industry-standard mass spectroscopic imaging lacks real-time in vivo capability. As an alternative, multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MPM-FLIM) allows for 3D sub-cellular quantitative metabolic imaging but is often limited to low frame rates. To resolve relatively fast effects (e.g., photosynthesis inhibiting treatments), high-frame-rate MPM-FLIM is needed. In this paper, we demonstrate and evaluate a high-speed MPM-FLIM system, "Instant FLIM", as a time-resolved 3D sub-cellular molecular imaging system in highly scattering, living plant tissues. We demonstrate simultaneous imaging of cellular autofluorescence and crystalline agrochemical crystals within plant tissues. We further quantitatively investigate the herbicidal effects of two classes of agricultural herbicide treatments, photosystem II inhibiting herbicide (Basagran) and auxin-based herbicide (Arylex), and successfully demonstrate the capability of the MPM-FLIM system to measure biological changes over a short time with enhanced imaging speed. Results indicate that high-frame-rate 3D MPM-FLIM achieves the required fluorescence lifetime resolution, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution to be a useful tool in basic plant cellular biology research and agricultural treatment development.
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14
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Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Imaging plant metabolism in situ. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1654-1670. [PMID: 37889862 PMCID: PMC10938046 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an invaluable analytical technique for investigating the spatial distribution of molecules within biological systems. In the realm of plant science, MSI is increasingly employed to explore metabolic processes across a wide array of plant tissues, including those in leaves, fruits, stems, roots, and seeds, spanning various plant systems such as model species, staple and energy crops, and medicinal plants. By generating spatial maps of metabolites, MSI has elucidated the distribution patterns of diverse metabolites and phytochemicals, encompassing lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, terpenes, alkaloids, vitamins, pigments, and others, thereby providing insights into their metabolic pathways and functional roles. In this review, we present recent MSI studies that demonstrate the advances made in visualizing the plant spatial metabolome. Moreover, we emphasize the technical progress that enhances the identification and interpretation of spatial metabolite maps. Within a mere decade since the inception of plant MSI studies, this robust technology is poised to continue as a vital tool for tackling complex challenges in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA
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15
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Lau WCD, Donnellan L, Briggs M, Rupasinghe T, Harris JC, Hayes JE, Hoffmann P. Sodium doping and trapped ion mobility spectrometry improve lipid detection for novel MALDI-MSI analysis of oats. Food Chem 2024; 433:137275. [PMID: 37660601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important cereal grain with a unique nutritional profile including a high proportion of lipids. Understanding lipid composition and distribution in oats is valuable for plant, food and nutritional research, and can be achieved using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). However, this approach presents several challenges for sample preparation (hardness of grains) and analysis (isobaric and isomeric properties of lipids). Here, oat sections were successfully mounted onto gelatin-coated indium tin oxide slides with minimal tearing. Poor detection of triacylglycerols was resolved by applying sodium chloride during mounting, increasing signal intensity. In combination with trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), lipid identification significantly improved, and we report the separation of several isobaric and isomeric lipids with visualisation of their "true" spatial distributions. This study describes a novel MALDI-TIMS-MSI analytical technique for oat lipids, which may be used to improve the discovery of biomarkers for grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai C D Lau
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Leigh Donnellan
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew Briggs
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | | | - John C Harris
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Department of Primary Industries and Regions, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Julie E Hayes
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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16
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Mao J, Gao Z, Wang X, Lin M, Chen L, Ning X. Combined Widely Targeted Metabolomic, Transcriptomic, and Spatial Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Coloration and Fruit Quality Formation in Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang. Foods 2024; 13:233. [PMID: 38254533 PMCID: PMC10814455 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) pulp is mainly composed of outer yellow-flesh (LR) and inner red-flesh (HR). However, information about the differences in coloration and fruit quality between these two parts are limited. In this study, widely targeted metabolomic, transcriptomic, and spatial metabolomic analyses were used to reveal the potential mechanism of coloration and fruit quality formation. The results show that a total of 1001 metabolites were identified in Hongyang kiwifruit, and the accumulation of 211 metabolites were significantly higher in the HR than LR, including 69 flavonoids, 53 phenolic acids, and 38 terpenoids. There were no significant differences in the content of citric acid, quinic acid, glucose, fructose, or sucrose between the LR and HR. These results were consistent with the results from the RNA-seq profile and spatial metabolomic analysis. In addition, a total of 23 key candidate genes related to flesh color and fruit quality formation were identified and validated by qRT-PCR analysis. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the underlying mechanism of the formation of kiwifruit flesh color and fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Mao
- Jiangxi Kiwifruit Engineering Research Center, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; (J.M.)
| | - Zhu Gao
- Jiangxi Kiwifruit Engineering Research Center, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; (J.M.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Jiangxi Kiwifruit Engineering Research Center, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; (J.M.)
| | - Mengfei Lin
- Jiangxi Kiwifruit Engineering Research Center, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; (J.M.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Jinggangshan Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Ji’an 343009, China;
| | - Xinyi Ning
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
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17
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Zhang C, Bieleszová K, Žukauskaitė A, Hladík P, Grúz J, Novák O, Doležal K. In situ separation and visualization of isomeric auxin derivatives in Arabidopsis by ion mobility mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:125-139. [PMID: 37872415 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In situ separation and visualization of synthetic and naturally occurring isomers from heterogeneous plant tissues, especially when they share similar molecular structures, are a challenging task. In this study, we combined the ion mobility separation with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-IM-MSI) to achieve a direct separation and visualization of two synthetic auxin derivatives, auxinole and its structural isomer 4pTb-MeIAA, as well as endogenous auxins from Arabidopsis samples. Distinct distribution of these synthetic isomers and endogenous auxins in Arabidopsis primary roots and hypocotyls was achieved in the same imaging analysis from both individually treated and cotreated samples. We also observed putative metabolites of synthetic auxin derivatives, i.e. auxinole amino acid conjugates and hydrolysed 4pTb-MeIAA product - 4pTb-IAA, based on their unique drifting ion intensity patterns. Furthermore, DESI-IM-MSI-revealed abundance of endogenous auxins and synthetic isomers was validated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results demonstrate that DESI-IM-MSI could be used as a robust technique for detecting endogenous and exogenous isomers and provide a spatiotemporal evaluation of hormonomics profiles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Bieleszová
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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18
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Zhao Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Hong G. Unveiling targeted spatial metabolome of rice seed at the dough stage using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry imaging. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113578. [PMID: 37986446 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) seeds contain a variety of metabolites, which not only provide energy for their own growth and development, but also are an important source of nutrition for humans. It is crucial to study the distribution of metabolites in rice seeds, but the spatial metabolome of rice seeds is rarely investigated. In this study, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging was used to reveal the spatial distribution of free soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose), amino acids (9 essential amino acids and 2 amino acids affecting rice eating quality: L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid), and 4 metabolites in the flavonoids synthesis pathway (cinnamic acid, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, and dihydrokaempferol) in rice seed at the dough stage. It was found that the 4 free soluble sugars present similar spatial distribution, mainly distributed in the seed cortex and embryo with high abundance. The majority of amino acids are also concentrated in the rice cortex and embryo, while the others are abundant in the whole seed. Besides cinnamic acid distributed in the seed cortex and embryo, the naringenin chalcone, naringenin, and dihydrokaempferol were also found in the endosperm and had lower content. Furthermore, a colocalization phylogenetic tree according to the spatial distribution imaging of each metabolite was constructed. This study revealed the distribution diversity of metabolites in different segmentations of rice seed at the dough stage, providing clues for the nutritional differences between brown rice and white rice, and serving as a reference for people to target a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jitao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Han Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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19
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Nicolaï BM, Xiao H, Han Q, Tran DT, Crouch E, Hertog MLATM, Verboven P. Spatio-temporal dynamics of the metabolome of climacteric fruit during ripening and post-harvest storage. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6321-6330. [PMID: 37317945 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fruit quality traits are determined to a large extent by their metabolome. The metabolite content of climacteric fruit changes drastically during ripening and post-harvest storage, and has been investigated extensively. However, the spatial distribution of metabolites and how it changes in time has received much less attention as fruit are usually considered as homogenous plant organs. Yet, spatio-temporal changes of starch, which is hydrolyzed during ripening, has been used for a long time as a ripening index. As vascular transport of water, and hence convective transport of metabolites, slows down in mature fruit and even stalls after detachment, spatio-temporal changes in their concentration are probably affected by diffusive transport of gaseous molecules that act as substrate (O2), inhibitor (CO2), or regulator (ethylene and NO) of the metabolic pathways that are active during climacteric ripening. In this review, we discuss such spatio-temporal changes of the metabolome and how they are affected by transport of metabolic gases and gaseous hormones. As there are currently no techniques available to measure the metabolite distribution repeatedly by non-destructive means, we introduce reaction-diffusion models as an in silico tool to compute it. We show how the different components of such a model can be integrated and used to better understand the role of spatio-temporal changes of the metabolome in ripening and post-harvest storage of climacteric fruit that is detached from the plant, and discuss future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M Nicolaï
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Xiao
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qianyun Han
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dinh Thi Tran
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam
| | - Elke Crouch
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Lombardi Building, c/o Victoria and Neethling Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Pieter Verboven
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Maia M, Aziz A, Jeandet P, Carré V. Profiling and Localization of Stilbene Phytoalexins Revealed by MALDI-MSI during the Grapevine- Botrytis cinerea Interaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15569-15581. [PMID: 37831964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Stilbene phytoalexins are among the most accumulated compounds during grapevine-pathogen interactions. However, their steady-state accumulation level and spatial distribution within the tissues to counteract Botrytis cinerea infection remain to be explored. In this work, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to determine the spatial distribution of different phytoalexins in grapevine leaves upon infection with B. cinerea. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UPLC-FL) was also employed to monitor the accumulation pattern of these phytoalexins. This study showed that stilbene compounds accumulate in areas close to the pathogen infection sites. It was also revealed that the accumulation patterns of the stilbene phytoalexins can vary from one time point postinfection to another with specific accumulation patterns within each time point. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the separate localization of grapevine stilbene phytoalexins has been revealed following B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Maia
- LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC INRAE 1488, Reims 51100, France
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC INRAE 1488, Reims 51100, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
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21
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Vrobel O, Tarkowski P. Can plant hormonomics be built on simple analysis? A review. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:107. [PMID: 37833752 PMCID: PMC10576392 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The field of plant hormonomics focuses on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hormone complement in plant samples, akin to other omics sciences. Plant hormones, alongside primary and secondary metabolites, govern vital processes throughout a plant's lifecycle. While active hormones have received significant attention, studying all related compounds provides valuable insights into internal processes. Conventional single-class plant hormone analysis employs thorough sample purification, short analysis and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Conversely, comprehensive hormonomics analysis necessitates minimal purification, robust and efficient separation and better-performing mass spectrometry instruments. This review summarizes the current status of plant hormone analysis methods, focusing on sample preparation, advances in chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection, including a discussion on internal standard selection and the potential of derivatization. Moreover, current approaches for assessing the spatiotemporal distribution are evaluated. The review touches on the legitimacy of the term plant hormonomics by exploring the current status of methods and outlining possible future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vrobel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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22
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Wittek O, Jahreis B, Römpp A. MALDI MS Imaging of Chickpea Seeds ( Cicer arietinum) and Crab's Eye Vine ( Abrus precatorius) after Tryptic Digestion Allows Spatially Resolved Identification of Plant Proteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14972-14980. [PMID: 37749896 PMCID: PMC10568532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) imaging following in situ enzymatic digestion is a versatile analytical method for the untargeted investigation of protein distributions, which has rarely been used for plants so far. The present study describes a workflow for in situ tryptic digestion of plant seed tissue for MALDI MS imaging. Substantial modifications to the sample preparation procedure for mammalian tissues were necessary to cater to the specific properties of plant materials. For the first time, distributions of tryptic peptides were successfully visualized in plant tissue using MS imaging with accurate mass detection. Sixteen proteins were visualized and identified in chickpea seeds showing different distribution patterns, e.g., in the cotyledons, radicle, or testa. All tryptic peptides were detected with a mass resolution higher than 60,000 as well as a mass accuracy better than 1.5 ppm root-mean-square error and were matched to results from complementary liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS) data. The developed method was also applied to crab's eye vine seeds for targeted MS imaging of the toxic protein abrin, showing the presence of abrin-a in all compartments. Abrin (59 kDa), as well as the majority of proteins visualized in chickpeas, was larger than 50 kDa and would thus not be readily accessible by top-down MS imaging. Since antibodies for plant proteins are often not readily available, in situ digestion MS imaging provides unique information, as it makes the distribution and identification of larger proteins in plant tissues accessible in an untargeted manner. This opens up new possibilities in the field of plant science as well as to assess the nutritional quality and/or safety of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastian Jahreis
- Bioanalytical Sciences and
Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Bioanalytical Sciences and
Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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23
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Kertesz V, Khalid M, Retterer ST, Cahill JF. Structure-Driven Liquid Microjunction Surface-Sampling Probe Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14521-14525. [PMID: 37738474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil surrounding the roots of plants that is influenced by root exudates, root secretions, and associated microbial communities. This region is crucial to plant growth and development and plays a critical role in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and soil transformation. Understanding the function of exogenous compounds in the rhizosphere starts with determining the spatiotemporal distribution of these molecular components. Using liquid microjunction surface-sampling probe mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP-MS) and microfluidic devices with attached microporous membranes enables in situ, nondisruptive, and nondestructive spatiotemporal measurement of exogenous compounds from plant roots. However, long imaging times (>2 h) can negatively affect plant heath and limit temporal studies. Here, we present a novel strategy to optimize the number and location of sampling sites on these microporous membrane-covered microfluidic devices. This novel, "structure-driven" sampling workflow takes into consideration the channel structure of the microfluidic device to maximize sampling from the channels and minimize acquisition time (∼4× less time in some cases while providing similar chemical image accuracy), thus reducing stress on plants during in situ LMJ-SSP-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Muneeba Khalid
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - John F Cahill
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
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24
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Parker GD, Hanley L, Yu XY. Mass Spectral Imaging to Map Plant-Microbe Interactions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2045. [PMID: 37630605 PMCID: PMC10459445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions are of rising interest in plant sustainability, biomass production, plant biology, and systems biology. These interactions have been a challenge to detect until recent advancements in mass spectrometry imaging. Plants and microbes interact in four main regions within the plant, the rhizosphere, endosphere, phyllosphere, and spermosphere. This mini review covers the challenges within investigations of plant and microbe interactions. We highlight the importance of sample preparation and comparisons among time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser desorption ionization (LDI/LDPI), and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) techniques used for the analysis of these interactions. Using mass spectral imaging (MSI) to study plants and microbes offers advantages in understanding microbe and host interactions at the molecular level with single-cell and community communication information. More research utilizing MSI has emerged in the past several years. We first introduce the principles of major MSI techniques that have been employed in the research of microorganisms. An overview of proper sample preparation methods is offered as a prerequisite for successful MSI analysis. Traditionally, dried or cryogenically prepared, frozen samples have been used; however, they do not provide a true representation of the bacterial biofilms compared to living cell analysis and chemical imaging. New developments such as microfluidic devices that can be used under a vacuum are highly desirable for the application of MSI techniques, such as ToF-SIMS, because they have a subcellular spatial resolution to map and image plant and microbe interactions, including the potential to elucidate metabolic pathways and cell-to-cell interactions. Promising results due to recent MSI advancements in the past five years are selected and highlighted. The latest developments utilizing machine learning are captured as an important outlook for maximal output using MSI to study microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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25
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Chen A, Liu T, Deng Y, Xiao R, Zhang T, Wang Y, Yang Y, Lakshmanan P, Shi X, Zhang F, Chen X. Nitrate _dependent suberization regulates cadmium uptake and accumulation in maize. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162848. [PMID: 36931522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effect of nitrate-dependent suberization in maize root on cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation was investigated. Suberization in maize roots was significantly lower in plants grown with a high nitrate supply compared with low nitrate. This decrease was seen in the total amount of suberin, in which the aliphatic suberin amount was significantly decreased, whereas no difference in aromatic suberin content between different N-treatments. RNA-sequencing showed that suberin biosynthesis genes were upregulated in low nitrate treatment, which correlated well with the increased suberin content. Bioimaging and xylem sap analysis showed that reduced exodermal and endodermal suberization in roots of plants grown under high nitrate promoted radial Cd transport along the crown root. The enhanced suberization in crown roots of plants grown in low nitrate restricted the radial transport of Cd from epidermis to cortex via decreased accessibility to Cd related transporters at the plasmalemma. Also, under low nitrate supply, the Cd transport gene ZmNramp5 was upregulated in the crown root, which may enhance Cd uptake by root tip where exodermis and endodermis were not fully suberized. These results suggest that high nitrate supply enhances Cd uptake and radial transport in maize roots by reducing exodermal and endodermal suberization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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26
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Milosavljević D, Maksimović V, Milivojević J, Djekić I, Wolf B, Zuber J, Vogt C, Dragišić Maksimović J. Sugars and Organic Acids in 25 Strawberry Cultivars: Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2238. [PMID: 37375864 PMCID: PMC10305725 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) The nutritional quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) fruits, among others, is largely maintained by the presence of soluble sugars and organic acids. As the primary products of photosynthesis, they are energy depots in plants, necessary for the construction of cell constituents, but also serve as precursors of aromatic compounds and signaling molecules. (2) In this study, fruits of 25 strawberry cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized concerning individual sugars and organic acids by HPLC, FT-ICR-MS, and MS imaging analysis. In addition, the total quality index (TQI), as a novel mathematical model, was used to compare all individual parameters evaluated to obtain a quantitative single score, as an indicator of overall fruit quality. (3) Regardless of a large number of cultivars and monitored parameters that were studded, several cultivars stood out in terms of selected primary metabolites, such as 'Rumba', 'Jeny', and 'Sandra', while the latter had the best TQI score. (4) Intercultivar variations in sugars and organic acids profiles, along with other bioactive compounds, should be considered for selection of promising cultivars with improved naturally occurring nutraceutical traits. Besides the search for a pleasant taste, increased awareness of healthy nutrition resulted in heightening consumer demand for high-quality fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Milosavljević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Vuk Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jasminka Milivojević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Ilija Djekić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Bianca Wolf
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (B.W.); (J.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Jan Zuber
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (B.W.); (J.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Carla Vogt
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (B.W.); (J.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Jelena Dragišić Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (J.D.M.)
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27
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Lin J, Yun K, Sun Q, Xiang P, Wu L, Yang S, Dun J, Fu S, Chen H. How to sample a seizure plant: the role of the visualization spatial distribution analysis of Lophophora williamsii as an example. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:140-151. [PMID: 37621449 PMCID: PMC10445667 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds in plants are often unevenly distributed, and determining the best sampling locations to obtain the most representative results is technically challenging. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) can provide the basis for formulating sampling guideline. For a succulent plant sample, ensuring the authenticity and in situ nature of the spatial distribution analysis results during MSI analysis also needs to be thoroughly considered. In this study, we developed a well-established and reliable MALDI-MSI method based on preservation methods, slice conditions, auxiliary matrices, and MALDI parameters to detect and visualize the spatial distribution of mescaline in situ in Lophophora williamsii. The MALDI-MSI results were validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Low-temperature storage at -80°C and drying of "bookmarks" were the appropriate storage methods for succulent plant samples and their flower samples, and cutting into 40 μm thick sections at -20°C using gelatin as the embedding medium is the appropriate sectioning method. The use of DCTB (trans-2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenylidene]malononitrile) as an auxiliary matrix and a laser intensity of 45 are favourable MALDI parameter conditions for mescaline analysis. The region of interest semi-quantitative analysis revealed that mescaline is concentrated in the epidermal tissues of L. williamsii as well as in the meristematic tissues of the crown. The study findings not only help to provide a basis for determining the best sampling locations for mescaline in L. williamsii, but they also provide a reference for the optimization of storage and preparation conditions for raw plant organs before MALDI detection. Key Points An accurate in situ MSI method for fresh water-rich succulent plants was obtained based on multi-parameter comparative experiments.Spatial imaging analysis of mescaline in Lophophora williamsii was performed using the above method.Based on the above results and previous results, a sampling proposal for forensic medicine practice is tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Lin
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine in Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine in Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiran Sun
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine in Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shanlin Fu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine in Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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28
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Lorensen MDBB, Bjarnholt N, St-Pierre B, Heinicke S, Courdavault V, O'Connor S, Janfelt C. Spatial localization of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia tetraphylla by high resolution mass spectrometry imaging. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 209:113620. [PMID: 36863602 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large group of biosynthetic compounds, which have pharmacological properties. One of these MIAs, reserpine, was discovered in the 1950s and has shown properties as an anti-hypertension and anti-microbial agent. Reserpine was found to be produced in various plant species within the genus of Rauvolfia. However, even though its presence is well known, it is still unknown in which tissues Rauvolfia produce reserpine and where the individual steps in the biosynthetic pathway take place. In this study, we explore how matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can be used in the investigation of a proposed biosynthetic pathway by localizing reserpine and the theoretical intermediates of it. The results show that ions corresponding to intermediates of reserpine were localized in several of the major parts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla when analyzed by MALDI- and DESI-MSI. In stem tissue, reserpine and many of the intermediates were found compartmentalized in the xylem. For most samples, reserpine itself was mainly found in the outer layers of the sample, suggesting it may function as a defense compound. To further confirm the place of the different metabolites in the reserpine biosynthetic pathway, roots and leaves of R. tetraphylla were fed a stable-isotope labelled version of the precursor tryptamine. Subsequently, several of the proposed intermediates were detected in the normal version as well as in the isotope labelled versions, confirming that they were synthesized in planta from tryptamine. In this experiment, a potential novel dimeric MIA was discovered in leaf tissue of R. tetraphylla. The study constitutes to date the most comprehensive spatial mapping of metabolites in the R. tetraphylla plant. In addition, the article also contains new illustrations of the anatomy of R. tetraphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Sarah Heinicke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Sarah O'Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Wittek O, Römpp A. Autofocusing MALDI MS imaging of processed food exemplified by the contaminant acrylamide in German gingerbread. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5400. [PMID: 37012286 PMCID: PMC10070467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a toxic reaction product occurring in dry-heated food such as bakery products. To meet the requirements laid down in recent international legal norms calling for reduction strategies in food prone to acrylamide formation, efficient chromatography-based quantification methods are available. However, for an efficient mitigation of acrylamide levels, not only the quantity, but also the contaminant's distributions are of interest especially in inhomogeneous food consisting of multiple ingredients. A promising tool to investigate the spatial distribution of analytes in food matrices is mass spectrometry imaging (MS imaging). In this study, an autofocusing MALDI MS imaging method was developed for German gingerbread as an example for highly processed and instable food with uneven surfaces. Next to endogenous food constituents, the process contaminant acrylamide was identified and visualized keeping a constant laser focus throughout the measurement. Statistical analyses based on relative acrylamide intensities suggest a higher contamination of nut fragments compared to the dough. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a newly developed in-situ chemical derivatization protocol is described using thiosalicylic acid for highly selective detection of acrylamide. This study presents autofocusing MS imaging as a suitable complementary method for the investigation of analytes' distributions in complex and highly processed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wittek
- Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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30
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Tressler CM, Ayyappan V, Nakuchima S, Yang E, Sonkar K, Tan Z, Glunde K. A multimodal pipeline using NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging from the same tissue sample. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4770. [PMID: 35538020 PMCID: PMC9867920 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) are both commonly used to detect large numbers of metabolites and lipids in metabolomic and lipidomic studies. We have demonstrated a new workflow, highlighting the benefits of both techniques to obtain metabolomic and lipidomic data, which has realized for the first time the combination of these two complementary and powerful technologies. NMR spectroscopy is frequently used to obtain quantitative metabolite information from cells and tissues. Lipid detection is also possible with NMR spectroscopy, with changes being visible across entire classes of molecules. Meanwhile, MALDI MSI provides relative measures of metabolite and lipid concentrations, mapping spatial information of many specific metabolite and lipid molecules across cells or tissues. We have used these two complementary techniques in combination to obtain metabolomic and lipidomic measurements from triple-negative human breast cancer cells and tumor xenograft models. We have emphasized critical experimental procedures that ensured the success of achieving NMR spectroscopy and MALDI MSI in a combined workflow from the same sample. Our data show that several phospholipid metabolite species were differentially distributed in viable and necrotic regions of breast tumor xenografts. This study emphasizes the power of combined NMR spectroscopy-MALDI imaging to advance metabolomic and lipidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sofia Nakuchima
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zheqiong Tan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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31
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Serag A, Salem MA, Gong S, Wu JL, Farag MA. Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming in Plants under Pathogen Attacks, a Comprehensive Review of Emerging Metabolomics Technologies to Maximize Their Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 36984864 PMCID: PMC10055942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In their environment, plants interact with a multitude of living organisms and have to cope with a large variety of aggressions of biotic or abiotic origin. What has been known for several decades is that the extraordinary variety of chemical compounds the plants are capable of synthesizing may be estimated in the range of hundreds of thousands, but only a fraction has been fully characterized to be implicated in defense responses. Despite the vast importance of these metabolites for plants and also for human health, our knowledge about their biosynthetic pathways and functions is still fragmentary. Recent progress has been made particularly for the phenylpropanoids and oxylipids metabolism, which is more emphasized in this review. With an increasing interest in monitoring plant metabolic reprogramming, the development of advanced analysis methods should now follow. This review capitalizes on the advanced technologies used in metabolome mapping in planta, including different metabolomics approaches, imaging, flux analysis, and interpretation using bioinformatics tools. Advantages and limitations with regards to the application of each technique towards monitoring which metabolite class or type are highlighted, with special emphasis on the necessary future developments to better mirror such intricate metabolic interactions in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shilin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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32
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Wang H, Wang Y. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging of psilocybin and its analogues in psychedelic mushrooms using a cesium chloride-coated target plate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:735-745. [PMID: 36459169 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fungi with hallucinogenic properties and neurotoxicity have been listed as prohibited drugs in recent years, but there is a lack of in situ quantification of psilocybin and analogues in these samples to avoid the decomposition of these psychoactive tryptamines in time-consuming sample preparation. In this study, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization (MALDI)-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) was used to analyze the distribution of psilocybin and its analogues in hallucinogenic Psilocybe mushrooms. A cesium chloride (CsCl)-coated target plate was prepared to improve the detection sensitivity and reduce the interference of other compounds or decomposition products with very similar m/z values in MALDI-FT ICR MS analysis. Psilocybin and other tryptamines with structurally similar compounds, including psilocin, baeocystin, tryptophan, tryptamine, and aeruginascin, were identified and imaged in the psilocybe tissue section; the semiquantitative analysis of the distribution of psilocybin was also investigated using a homemade 75-well CsCl-coated plate; and the target plate can be placed on the mass spectrometry target carrier along with the indium-tin oxide (ITO) conductive slide, which can simultaneously carry out matrix vapor deposition, thus ensuring the parallelism between the standards and samples in the pretreatment experiment and MSI. The contents of psilocybin and its analogues in the psilocybe tissue section can be evaluated from the color changes corresponding to different concentration standard curves. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison between MALDI-FT ICR MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) analysis was performed for quantification and validation. This study reduces the decomposition in time-consuming sample pretreatment and provides a powerful tool for drug abuse control and forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, 200063, People's Republic of China. .,Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Narcotics Control Commission, Nanjing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Nanjing, 210012, People's Republic of China
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33
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Calabrese V, Schmitz-Afonso I, Riah-Anglet W, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I, Pawlak B, Afonso C. Direct introduction MALDI FTICR MS based on dried droplet deposition applied to non-targeted metabolomics on Pisum Sativum root exudates. Talanta 2023; 253:123901. [PMID: 36088848 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolomic approaches based on direct introduction (DI) through a soft ionization source are nowadays used for large-scale analysis and wide cover-up of metabolites in complex matrices. When coupled with ultra-high-resolution Fourier-Transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR MS), DI is generally performed through electrospray (ESI), which, despite the great analytical throughput, can suffer of matrix effects due to residual salts or charge competitors. In alternative, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) coupled with FTICR MS offers relatively high salt tolerance but it is mainly used for imaging of small molecule within biological tissues. In this study, we report a systematic evaluation on the performance of direct introduction ESI and MALDI coupled with FTICR MS applied to the analysis of root exudates (RE), a complex mixture of metabolites released from plant root tips and containing a relatively high salt concentration. Classic dried droplet deposition followed by screening of best matrices and ratio allowed the selection of high ranked conditions for non-targeted metabolomics on RE. Optimization of MALDI parameters led to improved reproducibility and precision. A RE desalted sample was used for comparison on ionization efficiency of the two sources and ion enhancement at high salinity was highlighted in MALDI by spiking desalted solution with inorganic salts. Application of a true lyophilized RE sample exhibited the complementarity of the two sources and the ability of MALDI in the detection of undisclosed metabolites suffering of matrix effects in ESI mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Calabrese
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France.
| | - Wassila Riah-Anglet
- UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, Rouen Team, 76134 Mont-Saint Aignan, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin
- UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, Rouen Team, 76134 Mont-Saint Aignan, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- Laboratoire GlycoMEV UR 4358, Université de Rouen Normandie, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
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34
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Zhao B, Luo Z, Zhang H, Zhang H. Imaging tools for plant nanobiotechnology. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1029944. [PMID: 36569338 PMCID: PMC9772283 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1029944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful application of nanobiotechnology in biomedicine has greatly changed the traditional way of diagnosis and treating of disease, and is promising for revolutionizing the traditional plant nanobiotechnology. Over the past few years, nanobiotechnology has increasingly expanded into plant research area. Nanomaterials can be designed as vectors for targeted delivery and controlled release of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, nucleotides, proteins, etc. Interestingly, nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties can directly affect plant growth and development; improve plant resistance to disease and stress; design as sensors in plant biology; and even be used for plant genetic engineering. Similarly, there have been concerns about the potential biological toxicity of nanomaterials. Selecting appropriate characterization methods will help understand how nanomaterials interact with plants and promote advances in plant nanobiotechnology. However, there are relatively few reviews of tools for characterizing nanomaterials in plant nanobiotechnology. In this review, we present relevant imaging tools that have been used in plant nanobiotechnology to monitor nanomaterial migration, interaction with and internalization into plants at three-dimensional lengths. Including: 1) Migration of nanomaterial into plant organs 2) Penetration of nanomaterial into plant tissues (iii)Internalization of nanomaterials by plant cells and interactions with plant subcellular structures. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of current characterization tools and propose future optimal characterization methods for plant nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxu Luo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Yamagaki T, Osawa T, Fujikawa K, Watanabe T, Sugahara K. Multimatrix Variation Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Determining the Bonding of Nitrogen Atoms in Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2243-2249. [PMID: 36379021 PMCID: PMC9732872 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of alkaloids in dehydrogenation was investigated using multimatrix variation matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) of over 20 different alkaloids with six matrices. The dehydrogenated molecular ions [M - H]+ generated by in-source decay were detected in the MALDI mass spectra of some types of alkaloids such as reserpine. The dehydrogenation proceeded at the cyclic tertiary amine rather than double-bonded nitrogen atoms and indole rings involved in the electron-delocalized systems. The stable protonated primary amines hindered dehydrogenation. The laser-induced dehydrogenation correlated with the chemical properties and structures of alkaloids. Alkaloids were classified into three types by the ratio of dehydrogenation by comparing the relative abundances of [M - H]+, [M]•+, and [M + H]+ ions in α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 5-formylsalicylic acid matrices. Structural isomers were also discriminated by this method of analyzing the three molecular ions' ratio using multimatrix variation MALDI-MS.
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36
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Hu H, Laskin J. Emerging Computational Methods in Mass Spectrometry Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203339. [PMID: 36253139 PMCID: PMC9731724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical technique that generates maps of hundreds of molecules in biological samples with high sensitivity and molecular specificity. Advanced MSI platforms with capability of high-spatial resolution and high-throughput acquisition generate vast amount of data, which necessitates the development of computational tools for MSI data analysis. In addition, computation-driven MSI experiments have recently emerged as enabling technologies for further improving the MSI capabilities with little or no hardware modification. This review provides a critical summary of computational methods and resources developed for MSI data analysis and interpretation along with computational approaches for improving throughput and molecular coverage in MSI experiments. This review is focused on the recently developed artificial intelligence methods and provides an outlook for a future paradigm shift in MSI with transformative computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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37
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Wang X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Ouyang L, Yao R, Wang Z, Kang Y, Yan L, Huai D, Jiang H, Lei Y, Liao B. Visualizing the Distribution of Lipids in Peanut Seeds by MALDI Mass Spectrometric Imaging. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233888. [PMID: 36496696 PMCID: PMC9739101 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut (also called groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds are used for producing edible oils and functional foods, and offer a rich source of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. However, the location of these metabolites has not yet been firmly established. In the present study, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) technique was applied to investigate spatial distribution of lipids and other key components in seeds of three peanut cultivars (ZH9, KQBH, HP). A total of 103 metabolites, including 34 lipid compounds, were putatively identified by MALDI-MSI. The abundance and spatial distribution of glycerolipids (GLs) and glycerophospholipids (GPs) were compared among the three peanut cultivars. All the identified lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were distributed mainly in the inner part of seeds. The visualization of phosphatidic acids (PAs) and triacylglycerols (TGs) revealed a dramatic metabolic heterogeneity between the different tissues making up the seed. The non-homogeneous spatial distribution of metabolites appeared to be related to the different functions of particular tissue regions. These results indicated that MALDI-MSI could be useful for investigating the lipids of foodstuffs from a spatial perspective. The present study may contribute to the development of oil crops with higher oil yields, and to improvement of food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ruonan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence:
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38
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Wu ZH, Wang RZ, Sun ZL, Su Y, Xiao LT. A mass spectrometry imaging approach on spatiotemporal distribution of multiple alkaloids in Gelsemium elegans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051756. [PMID: 36466241 PMCID: PMC9718364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans contains multiple alkaloids with pharmacological effects, thus researchers focus on the identification and application of alkaloids extracted from G. elegans. Regretfully, the spatiotemporal distribution of alkaloids in G. elegans is still unclear. In this study, the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was applied to simultaneously analyze the distribution of pharmacologically important alkaloids in different organ/tissue sections of G. elegans at different growth stages. Finally, 23 alkaloids were visualized in roots, stems and leaves at seedling stage and 19 alkaloids were observed at mature stage. In mature G. elegans, 16 alkaloids were distributed in vascular bundle region of mature roots, 15 alkaloids were mainly located in the pith region of mature stems and 2 alkaloids were enriched in epidermis region of mature stems. A total of 16 alkaloids were detected in leaf veins of mature leaves and 17 alkaloids were detected in shoots. Interestingly, diffusion and transfer of multiple alkaloids in tissues have been observed along with the development and maturation. This study comprehensively characterized the spatial metabolomics of G. elegans alkaloids, and the spatiotemporal distribution of alkaloid synthesis. In addition, the results also have reference value for the development and application of Gelsemium elegans and other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruo-Zhong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Su
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang-Tao Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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39
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Toward Depth-Resolved Analysis of Plant Metabolites by Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217582. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is one of the ambient desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometry (MS), and it utilizes a steady-state liquid junction formed between two microcapillaries to directly extract analytes from sample surfaces with minimal sample damage. In this study, we employed nano-DESI MS to perform a metabolite fingerprinting analysis directly from a Hypericum leaf surface. Moreover, we investigated whether changes in metabolite fingerprints with time can be related to metabolite distribution according to depth. From a raw Hypericum leaf, the mass spectral fingerprints of key metabolites, including flavonoids and prenylated phloroglucinols, were successfully obtained using ethanol as a nano-DESI solvent, and the changes in their intensities were observed with time via full mass scan experiments. In addition, the differential extraction patterns of the obtained mass spectral fingerprints were clearly visualized over time through selected ion monitoring and pseudo-selected reaction monitoring experiments. To examine the correlation between the time-dependent changes in the metabolite fingerprints and depth-wise metabolite distribution, we performed a nano-DESI MS analysis against leaves whose surface layers were removed multiple times by forming polymeric gum Arabic films on their surfaces, followed by detaching. The preliminary results showed that the changes in the metabolite fingerprints according to the number of peelings showed a similar pattern with those obtained from the raw leaves over time.
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40
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Hu H, Helminiak D, Yang M, Unsihuay D, Hilger RT, Ye DH, Laskin J. High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry Imaging with Dynamic Sparse Sampling. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:466-474. [PMID: 36281292 PMCID: PMC9585637 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables label-free mapping of hundreds of molecules in biological samples with high sensitivity and unprecedented specificity. Conventional MSI experiments are relatively slow, limiting their utility for applications requiring rapid data acquisition, such as intraoperative tissue analysis or 3D imaging. Recent advances in MSI technology focus on improving the spatial resolution and molecular coverage, further increasing the acquisition time. Herein, a deep learning approach for dynamic sampling (DLADS) was employed to reduce the number of required measurements, thereby improving the throughput of MSI experiments in comparison with conventional methods. DLADS trains a deep learning model to dynamically predict molecularly informative tissue locations for active mass spectra sampling and reconstructs high-fidelity molecular images using only the sparsely sampled information. Experimental hardware and software integration of DLADS with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) MSI is reported for the first time, which demonstrates a 2.3-fold improvement in throughput for a linewise acquisition mode. Meanwhile, simulations indicate that a 5-10-fold throughput improvement may be achieved using the pointwise acquisition mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David Helminiak
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Manxi Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ryan T. Hilger
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dong Hye Ye
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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41
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Maia M, McCann A, Malherbe C, Far J, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Cordeiro C, Eppe G, Quinton L, Figueiredo A, De Pauw E, Sousa Silva M. Grapevine leaf MALDI-MS imaging reveals the localisation of a putatively identified sucrose metabolite associated to Plasmopara viticola development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012636. [PMID: 36299787 PMCID: PMC9589281 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite well-established pathways and metabolites involved in grapevine-Plasmopara viticola interaction, information on the molecules involved in the first moments of pathogen contact with the leaf surface and their specific location is still missing. To understand and localise these molecules, we analysed grapevine leaf discs infected with P. viticola with MSI. Plant material preparation was optimised, and different matrices and solvents were tested. Our data shows that trichomes hamper matrix deposition and the ion signal. Results show that putatively identified sucrose presents a higher accumulation and a non-homogeneous distribution in the infected leaf discs in comparison with the controls. This accumulation was mainly on the veins, leading to the hypothesis that sucrose metabolism is being manipulated by the development structures of P. viticola. Up to our knowledge this is the first time that the localisation of a putatively identified sucrose metabolite was shown to be associated to P. viticola infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Maia
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab (GPS Lab), Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andréa McCann
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MolSys), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Malherbe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MolSys), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MolSys), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Torres-Vedras, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Torres-Vedras, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MolSys), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MolSys), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab (GPS Lab), Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (MolSys), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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42
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Zhao D, Yu P, Han B, Qiao F. Study on the Distribution of Low Molecular Weight Metabolites in Mango Fruit by Air Flow-Assisted Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185873. [PMID: 36144608 PMCID: PMC9505047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is a novel molecular imaging technique that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Air flow-assisted ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFAI-MSI) has received wide attention in the biomedical field because of its features such as not needing a pretreatment sample, having high sensitivity, and wide coverage of metabolite detection. In this study, we set up a mass spectrometry imaging method for analyzing low molecular metabolites in mango fruits by the AFAI-MSI method. Compounds such as organic acids, vitamin C, and phenols were detected from mango tissue by mass spectrometry under the negative ion scanning mode, and their spatial distribution was analyzed. As a result, all the target compounds showed different distributions. Citric acid was mainly distributed in the pulp. Malic acid, quinic acid, and vitamin C universally existed in the pulp and peel. However, galloylglucose isomer and 5-galloylquinic acid were predominantly found in the peel. These results show that AFAI-MSI can be used for the analysis of mango fruit endogenous metabolites conveniently and directly, which will facilitate the rapid identification and in situ characterization of plant endogenous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Yunyang County Agricultural Technology Service Center of Chongqing, Chongqing 404500, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-089866961395
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43
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Walton CL, Khalid M, Bible AN, Kertesz V, Retterer ST, Morrell-Falvey J, Cahill JF. In Situ Detection of Amino Acids from Bacterial Biofilms and Plant Root Exudates by Liquid Microjunction Surface-Sampling Probe Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1615-1625. [PMID: 35904879 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant rhizosphere is a complex and dynamic chemical environment where the exchange of molecular signals between plants, microbes, and fungi drives the development of the entire biological system. Exogenous compounds in the rhizosphere are known to affect plant-microbe organization, interactions between organisms, and ultimately, growth and survivability. The function of exogenous compounds in the rhizosphere is still under much investigation, specifically with respect to their roles in plant growth and development, the assembly of the associated microbial community, and the spatiotemporal distribution of molecular components. A major challenge for spatiotemporal measurements is developing a nondisruptive and nondestructive technique capable of analyzing the exogenous compounds contained within the environment. A methodology using liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe-mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP-MS) and microfluidic devices with attached microporous membranes was developed for in situ, spatiotemporal measurement of amino acids (AAs) from bacterial biofilms and plant roots. Exuded arginine was measured from a living Pantoea YR343 biofilm, which resulted in a chemical image indicative of biofilm growth within the device. Spot sampling along the roots of Populus trichocarpa with the LMJ-SSP-MS resulted in the detection of 15 AAs. Variation in AA concentrations across the root system was observed, indicating that exudation is not homogeneous and may be linked to local rhizosphere architecture and different biological processes along the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Walton
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Muneeba Khalid
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Amber N Bible
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Jennifer Morrell-Falvey
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - John F Cahill
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
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44
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Jayapal PK, Joshi R, Sathasivam R, Van Nguyen B, Faqeerzada MA, Park SU, Sandanam D, Cho BK. Non-destructive measurement of total phenolic compounds in Arabidopsis under various stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982247. [PMID: 36119609 PMCID: PMC9478847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the phenolic compounds in plants is essential for maintaining the beneficial effects of plants on human health. Existing measurement methods are destructive and/or time consuming. To overcome these issues, research was conducted to develop a non-destructive and rapid measurement of phenolic compounds using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and machine learning. In this study, the Arabidopsis was used since it is a model plant. They were grown in controlled and various stress conditions (LED lights and drought). Images were captured using HSI in the range of 400-1,000 nm (VIS/NIR) and 900-2,500 nm (SWIR). Initially, the plant region was segmented, and the spectra were extracted from the segmented region. These spectra were synchronized with plants' total phenolic content reference value, which was obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The partial least square regression (PLSR) model was applied for total phenolic compound prediction. The best prediction values were achieved with SWIR spectra in comparison with VIS/NIR. Hence, SWIR spectra were further used. Spectral dimensionality reduction was performed based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients and the prediction was performed. The results were better than that of obtained with original spectra. The proposed model performance yielded R 2-values of 0.97 and 0.96 for calibration and validation, respectively. The lowest standard errors of predictions (SEP) were 0.05 and 0.07 mg/g. The proposed model out-performed different state-of-the-art methods. These demonstrate the efficiency of the model in quantifying the total phenolic compounds that are present in plants and opens a way to develop a rapid measurement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Jayapal
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Disruptive and Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision (DiSTAP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahul Joshi
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bao Van Nguyen
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Akbar Faqeerzada
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Domnic Sandanam
- Department of Computer Applications, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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45
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Khalil SM, Sprenger RR, Hermansson M, Ejsing CS. DDA-imaging with structural identification of lipid molecules on an Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4882. [PMID: 36055222 PMCID: PMC9541402 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a useful technique for visualizing the spatial distribution of lipid molecules in tissues. Nevertheless, the use of MSI to investigate local lipid metabolic hallmarks has until recently been hampered by a lack of adequate technology that supports confident lipid identification. This limitation was recently mitigated by the development of DDA-imaging technology where high-resolution MSI is combined with parallel acquisition of lipid tandem MS2 spectra on a hybrid ion trap-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer featuring a resolving power of 240,000 and a scan time of 1 s. Here, we report the key tenets related to successful transfer of the DDA-imaging technology onto an Orbitrap Velos Pro instrument featuring a resolving power of 120,000 and a scan time of 2 s. Through meticulous performance assessments and method optimization, we tuned the DDA-imaging method to be able to confidently identify 73 molecular lipid species in mouse brain sections and demonstrate that the performance of the technology is comparable with DDA-imaging on the Orbitrap Elite. Altogether, our work shows that DDA-imaging on the Orbitrap Velos Pro instrument can serve as a robust workhorse for lipid imaging in routine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M. Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Richard R. Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Martin Hermansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Christer S. Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
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46
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Jing F, Wang L, Yang M, Wu C, Li J, Shi L, Feng S, Li F. Visualizing the spatial distribution of functional metabolites in Forsythia suspensa at different harvest stages by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105285. [PMID: 36041592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa) has attracted much attention due to its significant pharmacological activity. Revealing the spatial distribution of metabolites during F. suspensa development is important for understanding its biosynthesis rules and improving the quality of medicinal materials. However, there is currently a lack of information on the spatial distribution of F. suspensa metabolites. In this work, the spatial distribution and growth metabolism patterns of important metabolites of F. suspensa were studied for the first time using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Using 2,5-dimethylnaphthalene (DAN) as the matrix and detecting in negative ion mode, the spatial distribution and growth patterns of 11 metabolites obtained from longitudinal sections of F. suspensa included pinoresinol, phillygenin, forsythoside A, forsythoside E, rutin, caffeic acid, malic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. These results showed the mesocarp and endosperm tissues of F. suspensa were important for storing important functional metabolites. Changes in mesocarp and endosperm growth and development tissues caused large changes in the content of important functional metabolites in F. suspensa. These results provide a basis for understanding the spatial distribution of metabolites in F. suspensa tissues and the significant changes that occur during growth and development, exploring the mechanism of important synthesis of metabolites, regulating the harvest of F. suspensa, and improving the quality of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtang Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Yantai Food and Drug Inspection Center, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai 264210, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China..
| | - Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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47
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Giannakaris N, Haider A, Ahamer CM, Grünberger S, Trautner S, Pedarnig JD. Femtosecond Single-Pulse and Orthogonal Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Femtogram Mass Detection and Chemical Imaging with Micrometer Spatial Resolution. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:926-936. [PMID: 34494912 PMCID: PMC9411706 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211042398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS) is employed to detect tiny amounts of mass ablated from macroscopic specimens and to measure chemical images of microstructured samples with high spatial resolution. Frequency-doubled fs-pulses (length 400 fs, wavelength 520 nm) are tightly focused with a Schwarzschild microscope objective to ablate the sample surface. The optical emission of laser-induced plasma (LIP) is collected by the objective and measured with an echelle spectrometer equipped with an intensified charge-coupled device camera. A second fs-laser pulse (1040 nm) in orthogonal beam arrangement is reheating the LIP. The optimization of the experimental setup and measurement parameters enables us to record single-pulse fs-LIBS spectra of 5 nm thin metal layers with an ablated mass per pulse of 100 femtogram (fg) for Cu and 370 fg for Ag films. The orthogonal double-pulse fs-LIBS enhances the recorded emission line intensities (two to three times) and improves the contrast of chemical images in comparison to single-pulse measurements. The size of ablation craters (diameters as small as 1.5 µm) is not increased by the second laser pulse. The combination of minimally invasive sampling by a tightly focused low-energy fs-pulse and of strong enhancement of plasma emission by an orthogonal high-energy fs-pulse appears promising for future LIBS chemical imaging with high spatial resolution and with high spectrochemical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giannakaris
- Nikolaos Giannakaris, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Johannes D. Pedarnig
- Johannes D. Pedarnig, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria.
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48
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Mass Spectrometry Imaging Spatial Tissue Analysis toward Personalized Medicine. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071037. [PMID: 35888125 PMCID: PMC9318569 DOI: 10.3390/life12071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel profiling methodologies are redefining the diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic approaches towards more precise and personalized healthcare. Complementary information can be obtained from different omic approaches in combination with the traditional macro- and microscopic analysis of the tissue, providing a more complete assessment of the disease. Mass spectrometry imaging, as a tissue typing approach, provides information on the molecular level directly measured from the tissue. Lipids, metabolites, glycans, and proteins can be used for better understanding imbalances in the DNA to RNA to protein translation, which leads to aberrant cellular behavior. Several studies have explored the capabilities of this technology to be applied to tumor subtyping, patient prognosis, and tissue profiling for intraoperative tissue evaluation. In the future, intercenter studies may provide the needed confirmation on the reproducibility, robustness, and applicability of the developed classification models for tissue characterization to assist in disease management.
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49
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Meng Y, Song X, Zare RN. Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Achieves 5 μm Resolution Using a Microlensed Fiber. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10278-10282. [PMID: 35797218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A pulsed (10 Hz) infrared (IR) (1064 nm) laser is focused on a sample surface by means of a microlensed fiber. Analytes desorbed from the surface are captured by charged microdroplets before entering a mass spectrometer. By translating the sample surface, a chemical map is generated with a resolution of 5 μm, defined as the change from 20 to 80% of the analyte signal intensity. As a demonstration of the power of this new imaging technique, analytes from a parsnip root section are imaged and compared with that obtained from conventional laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The improvement in spatial resolution is about a factor of 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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50
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Pursell ME, Sharif D, DeBastiani A, Li C, Majuta S, Li P, Valentine SJ. Development of cVSSI-APCI for the Improvement of Ion Suppression and Matrix Effects in Complex Mixtures. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9226-9233. [PMID: 35729103 PMCID: PMC9260805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The new ionization technique termed vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) has been coupled with corona discharge to investigate atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) capabilities. The optimized source was evaluated for its ability to enhance ion signal intensity, overcome matrix effects, and limit ion suppression. The results have been compared with state-of-the-art ESI source performance as well as a new APCI-like source. In methanol, the ion signal intensity increased 10-fold and >10-fold for cocaine and the suppressed analytes, respectively. The ability to overcome ion suppression was improved from 2-fold to 16-fold for theophylline and vitamin D2, respectively. For aqueous samples, ion signal levels increased by two orders of magnitude for all analytes. In both solvent systems, the signal-to-noise ratios also increased for all suppressed analytes. One example of the characterization of low-ionizing (by ESI or cVSSI alone) species in the presence of high-ionizing species by direct analysis from a cotton swab is presented. The work is discussed with respect to the advantages of cVSSI-APCI for direct, in situ, and field analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E. Pursell
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Daud Sharif
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Anthony DeBastiani
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Sandra Majuta
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
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