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Kwiatkowski M, Wong A, Fiderewicz A, Gehring C, Jaworski K. A SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit functions as a molecular tuner. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114146. [PMID: 38763313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are often modulated by kinases which are in turn, dependent on Ca2+ and the cyclic mononucleotides cAMP and cGMP. It has been established that some proteins have both kinase and cyclase activities and that active cyclases can be embedded within the kinase domains. Here, we identified phosphodiesterase (PDE) sites, enzymes that hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP, to AMP and GMP, respectively, in some of these proteins in addition to their kinase/cyclase twin-architecture. As an example, we tested the Arabidopsis thaliana KINγ, a subunit of the SnRK2 kinase, to demonstrate that all three enzymatic centres, adenylate cyclase (AC), guanylate cyclase (GC) and PDE, are catalytically active, capable of generating and hydrolysing cAMP and cGMP. These data imply that the signal output of the KINγ subunit modulates SnRK2, consequently affecting the downstream kinome. Finally, we propose a model where a single protein subunit, KINγ, is capable of regulating cyclic mononucleotide homeostasis, thereby tuning stimulus specific signal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China; Research Center for Integrative Plant Sciences, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Adam Fiderewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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2
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Chen H, Li H, Chong X, Zhou T, Lu X, Wang X, Zheng B. Transcriptome Analysis of the Regulatory Mechanisms of Holly ( Ilex dabieshanensis) under Salt Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1638. [PMID: 38931069 PMCID: PMC11207398 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The holly Ilex dabieshanensis K. Yao & M. B. Deng, a tree endemic to the Dabieshan Mountains region in China, is a commonly used landscaping plant. Like other crops, its growth is affected by salt stress. The molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in holly is still unclear. In this study, we used NaCl treatment and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at different times to identify the salt stress response genes of holly. A total of 4775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the DEGs obtained at different salt treatment times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h), as compared to control (ck, 0 h), showed that plant hormone signal transduction and carotenoid biosynthesis were highly enriched. The mechanism by which holly responds to salt stress involves many plant hormones, among which the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and its signal transduction may play an important role. In addition, ion homeostasis, osmotic metabolism, accumulation of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds, and transcription factors jointly regulate the physiological balance in holly, providing important guarantees for its growth and development under conditions of salt stress. These results lay the foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in holly and for the selection of salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Fuyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuyang 236065, China
| | - Xinran Chong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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3
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Yoshida T, Mergner J, Yang Z, Liu J, Kuster B, Fernie AR, Grill E. Integrating multi-omics data reveals energy and stress signaling activated by abscisic acid in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38613775 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential signaling molecules regulating various processes in growth, development, and stress responses. Genetic and molecular studies, especially using Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), have discovered many important players involved in hormone perception, signal transduction, transport, and metabolism. Phytohormone signaling pathways are extensively interconnected with other endogenous and environmental stimuli. However, our knowledge of the huge and complex molecular network governed by a hormone remains limited. Here we report a global overview of downstream events of an abscisic acid (ABA) receptor, REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR) 6 (also known as PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 [PYR1]-LIKE [PYL] 12), by integrating phosphoproteomic, proteomic and metabolite profiles. Our data suggest that the RCAR6 overexpression constitutively decreases the protein levels of its coreceptors, namely clade A protein phosphatases of type 2C, and activates sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and SnRK2, the central regulators of energy and ABA signaling pathways. Furthermore, several enzymes in sugar metabolism were differentially phosphorylated and expressed in the RCAR6 line, and the metabolite profile revealed altered accumulations of several organic acids and amino acids. These results indicate that energy- and water-saving mechanisms mediated by the SnRK1 and SnRK2 kinases, respectively, are under the control of the ABA receptor-coreceptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at Klinikum rechts der Isar (BayBioMS@MRI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
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4
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Zhang J, Chen X, Song Y, Gong Z. Integrative regulatory mechanisms of stomatal movements under changing climate. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:368-393. [PMID: 38319001 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change-caused drought stress, high temperatures and other extreme weather profoundly impact plant growth and development, restricting sustainable crop production. To cope with various environmental stimuli, plants can optimize the opening and closing of stomata to balance CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss from leaves. Guard cells perceive and integrate various signals to adjust stomatal pores through turgor pressure regulation. Molecular mechanisms and signaling networks underlying the stomatal movements in response to environmental stresses have been extensively studied and elucidated. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements mediated by abscisic acid, light, CO2 , reactive oxygen species, pathogens, temperature, and other phytohormones. We discussed the significance of elucidating the integrative mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements in helping design smart crops with enhanced water use efficiency and resilience in a climate-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yajing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071001, China
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5
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Rai GK, Mishra S, Chouhan R, Mushtaq M, Chowdhary AA, Rai PK, Kumar RR, Kumar P, Perez-Alfocea F, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Srivastava V, Gandhi SG. Plant salinity stress, sensing, and its mitigation through WRKY. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238507. [PMID: 37860245 PMCID: PMC10582725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity or salt stress has deleterious effects on plant growth and development. It imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses, including oxidative stress on the plants and is responsible for the reduction of overall crop productivity and therefore challenges global food security. Plants respond to salinity, by triggering homoeostatic mechanisms that counter salt-triggered disturbances in the physiology and biochemistry of plants. This involves the activation of many signaling components such as SOS pathway, ABA pathway, and ROS and osmotic stress signaling. These biochemical responses are accompanied by transcriptional modulation of stress-responsive genes, which is mostly mediated by salt-induced transcription factor (TF) activity. Among the TFs, the multifaceted significance of WRKY proteins has been realized in many diverse avenues of plants' life including regulation of plant stress response. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to highlight the significance of salinity in a global perspective, the mechanism of salt sensing in plants, and the contribution of WRKYs in the modulation of plants' response to salinity stress. This review will be a substantial tool to investigate this problem in different perspectives, targeting WRKY and offering directions to better manage salinity stress in the field to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Aksar Ali Chowdhary
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pradeep K. Rai
- Advance Center for Horticulture Research, Udheywala, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Jodhpur, India
| | - Francisco Perez-Alfocea
- Department of Nutrition, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura (CEBAS), of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
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Zhao M, Zhang Q, Liu H, Tang S, Shang C, Zhang W, Sui Y, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Zhang H, Liu C, Chu J, Jia G, Wang H, Liu X, An D, Zhu F, Zhi H, Wu C, Diao X. The osmotic stress-activated receptor-like kinase DPY1 mediates SnRK2 kinase activation and drought tolerance in Setaria. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3782-3808. [PMID: 37462269 PMCID: PMC10533336 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes encode many receptor-like kinases (RLKs) that localize to the cell surface and perceive a wide variety of environmental cues to initiate downstream signaling cascades. Whether these RLKs participate in dehydration stress signaling in plants is largely unknown. DROOPY LEAF1 (DPY1), a leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-RLK, was recently shown to regulate plant architecture by orchestrating early brassinosteroid signaling in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Here, we show that DPY1 is essential for the acclimation of foxtail millet to drought stress. DPY1 can be phosphorylated and activated in response to osmotic stress and is required for more than half of osmotic stress-induced global phosphorylation events, including the phosphorylation of sucrose nonfermenting kinase 2s (SnRK2s), the central kinases involved in osmotic stress. DPY1 acts upstream of STRESS-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6 (SAPK6, a subclass I SnRK2) and is required for full SAPK6 activation, thereby allowing regulation of downstream genes to mount a response against drought stress. These signaling events are largely independent of DPY1-mediated brassinosteroid signaling. The DPY1-SAPK6 module is specific to seed plants and is absent in ancestral nonseed plants. Our findings reveal a dehydration stress-activated RLK that plays an indispensable role in osmotic stress signaling and mediates SnRK2 activation at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haigang Wang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xigang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Diaoguo An
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Shao Z, Yang S, Gu Y, Guo Y, Zhou H, Yang Y. Ubiquitin negatively regulates ABA responses by inhibiting SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 kinase activity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5394-5404. [PMID: 37326597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone for plant responses to complex and variable environmental conditions. The molecular basis of the ABA signaling pathway has been well elucidated. SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 are key protein kinases participating in ABA responses, and the regulation of their activity plays an important role in signaling. Previous mass spectroscopy analysis of SnRK2.3 suggested that ubiquitin and homologous proteins may bind directly to the kinase. Ubiquitin typically recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here, we show that SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 interact with ubiquitin but are not covalently attached to the protein, resulting in the suppression of their kinase activity. The binding between SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, and ubiquitin is weakened under prolonged ABA treatment. Overexpression of ubiquitin positively regulated the growth of seedlings exposed to ABA. Our results thus demonstrate a novel function for ubiquitin, which negatively regulates ABA responses by directly inhibiting SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Shao
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghui Gu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Née G, Krüger T. Dry side of the core: a meta-analysis addressing the original nature of the ABA signalosome at the onset of seed imbibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192652. [PMID: 37476171 PMCID: PMC10354442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The timing of seedling emergence is a major agricultural and ecological fitness trait, and seed germination is controlled by a complex molecular network including phytohormone signalling. One such phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), controls a large array of stress and developmental processes, and researchers have long known it plays a crucial role in repressing germination. Although the main molecular components of the ABA signalling pathway have now been identified, the molecular mechanisms through which ABA elicits specific responses in distinct organs is still enigmatic. To address the fundamental characteristics of ABA signalling during germination, we performed a meta-analysis focusing on the Arabidopsis dry seed proteome as a reflexion basis. We combined cutting-edge proteome studies, comparative functional analyses, and protein interaction information with genetic and physiological data to redefine the singular composition and operation of the ABA core signalosome from the onset of seed imbibition. In addition, we performed a literature survey to integrate peripheral regulators present in seeds that directly regulate core component function. Although this may only be the tip of the iceberg, this extended model of ABA signalling in seeds already depicts a highly flexible system able to integrate a multitude of information to fine-tune the progression of germination.
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Soma F, Takahashi F, Kidokoro S, Kameoka H, Suzuki T, Uga Y, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Constitutively active B2 Raf-like kinases are required for drought-responsive gene expression upstream of ABA-activated SnRK2 kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221863120. [PMID: 37276398 PMCID: PMC10268249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221863120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stresses, such as drought and high salinity, adversely affect plant growth and productivity. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates in response to osmotic stress and enhances stress tolerance in plants by triggering multiple physiological responses through ABA signaling. Subclass III SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are key regulators of ABA signaling. Although SnRK2s have long been considered to be self-activated by autophosphorylation after release from PP2C-mediated inhibition, they were recently revealed to be activated by two independent subfamilies of group B Raf-like kinases, B2-RAFs and B3-RAFs, under osmotic stress conditions. However, the relationship between SnRK2 phosphorylation by these RAFs and SnRK2 autophosphorylation and the individual physiological roles of each RAF subfamily remain unknown. In this study, we indicated that B2-RAFs are constantly active and activate SnRK2s when released from PP2C-mediated inhibition by ABA-binding ABA receptors, whereas B3-RAFs are activated only under stress conditions in an ABA-independent manner and enhance SnRK2 activity. Autophosphorylation of subclass III SnRK2s is not sufficient for ABA responses, and B2-RAFs are needed to activate SnRK2s in an ABA-dependent manner. Using plants grown in soil, we found that B2-RAFs regulate subclass III SnRK2s at the early stage of drought stress, whereas B3-RAFs regulate SnRK2s at the later stage. Thus, B2-RAFs are essential kinases for the activation of subclass III SnRK2s in response to ABA under mild osmotic stress conditions, and B3-RAFs function as enhancers of SnRK2 activity under severe stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Soma
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization305-8518, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science305-0074, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kidokoro
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Kameoka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University487-8501, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusaku Uga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization305-8518, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science305-0074, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture156-8502, Tokyo, Japan
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Fiallos-Salguero MS, Li J, Li Y, Xu J, Fang P, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tao A. Identification of AREB/ABF Gene Family Involved in the Response of ABA under Salt and Drought Stresses in Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1161. [PMID: 36904020 PMCID: PMC10005393 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element binding protein/ABRE-binding factor (AREB/ABF) subfamily members are essential to ABA signaling pathways and plant adaptation to various environmental stresses. Nevertheless, there are no reports on AREB/ABF in jute (Corchorus L.). Here, eight AREB/ABF genes were identified in the C. olitorius genome and classified into four groups (A-D) based on their phylogenetic relationships. A cis-elements analysis showed that CoABFs were widely involved in hormone response elements, followed by light and stress responses. Furthermore, the ABRE response element was involved in four CoABFs, playing an essential role in the ABA reaction. A genetic evolutionary analysis indicated that clear purification selection affects jute CoABFs and demonstrated that the divergence time was more ancient in cotton than in cacao. A quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the expression levels of CoABFs were upregulated and downregulated under ABA treatment, indicating that CoABF3 and CoABF7 are positively correlated with ABA concentration. Moreover, CoABF3 and CoABF7 were significantly upregulated in response to salt and drought stress, especially with the application of exogenous ABA, which showed higher intensities. These findings provide a complete analysis of the jute AREB/ABF gene family, which could be valuable for creating novel jute germplasms with a high resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sebastian Fiallos-Salguero
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiantang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Aifen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Ahmed B, Hasan F, Tabassum A, Ahmed R, Hassan R, Amin MR, Alam M. Genome-wide investigation of SnRK2 gene family in two jute species: Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:5. [PMID: 36652035 PMCID: PMC9849630 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), a plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family, is associated with metabolic responses, including abscisic acid signaling under biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, no information on a genome-wide investigation and stress-mediated expression profiling of jute SnRK2 is available. Recent whole-genome sequencing of two Corchorus species prompted to identify and characterize this SnRK2 gene family. RESULT We identified seven SnRK2 genes of each of Corchorus olitorius (Co) and C. capsularis (Cc) genomes, with similar physico-molecular properties and sub-group patterns of other models and related crops. In both species, the SnRK2 gene family showed an evolutionarily distinct trend. Highly variable C-terminal and conserved N-terminal regions were observed. Co- and CcSnRK2.3, Co- and CcSnRk2.5, Co- and CcSnRk2.7, and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 were upregulated in response to drought and salinity stresses. In waterlogging conditions, Co- and CcSnRk2.6 and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 showed higher activity when exposed to hypoxic conditions. Expression analysis in different plant parts showed that SnRK2.5 in both Corchorus species is highly expressed in fiber cells providing evidence of the role of fiber formation. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study of SnRK2 genes in both Corchorus species. All seven genes identified in this study showed an almost similar pattern of gene structures and molecular properties. Gene expression patterns of these genes varied depending on the plant parts and in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Ahmed
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Fakhrul Hasan
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Anika Tabassum
- grid.442972.e0000 0001 2218 5390American International University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Ahmed
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Rajnee Hassan
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Md. Ruhul Amin
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Mobashwer Alam
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, 47 Mayers Rd, Nambour, QLD 4560 Australia
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Chang YN, Wang Z, Ren Z, Wang CH, Wang P, Zhu JK, Li X, Duan CG. NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR and EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling by inhibiting Snf1-related protein kinase2 activity and stability in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2060-2074. [PMID: 35984097 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors perceive ABA to activate Snf1-related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s) that phosphorylate downstream effectors, thereby activating ABA signaling and the stress response. As stress responses come with fitness penalties for plants, it is crucial to tightly control SnRK2 kinase activity to restrict ABA signaling. However, how SnRK2 kinases are inactivated remains elusive. Here, we show that NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR (NUA), a nuclear pore complex (NPC) component, negatively regulates ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and post-germination growth, and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of NUA in response to ABA depends on SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 for seed germination and on SnRK2.6 for drought. NUA does not directly inhibit the phosphorylation of these SnRK2s or affects their abundance. However, the NUA-interacting protein EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4), a SUMO protease, negatively regulates ABA signaling by directly interacting with and inhibiting SnRK2 phosphorylation and protein levels. More importantly, we demonstrated that SnRK2.6 can be SUMOylated in vitro, and ESD4 inhibits its SUMOylation. Taken together, we identified NUA and ESD4 as SnRK2 kinase inhibitors that block SnRK2 activity, and reveal a mechanism whereby NUA and ESD4 negatively regulate plant responses to ABA and drought stress possibly through SUMOylation-dependent regulation of SnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Chang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyin Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Han Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Horticulture and Architecture Landscape, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Guo Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Li R, Radani Y, Ahmad B, Movahedi A, Yang L. Identification and characteristics of SnRK genes and cold stress-induced expression profiles in Liriodendron chinense. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:708. [PMID: 36253733 PMCID: PMC9578244 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play a vivid role in regulating plant metabolism and stress response, providing a pathway for regulation between metabolism and stress signals. Conducting identification and stress response studies on SnRKs in plants contributes to the development of strategies for tree species that are more tolerant to stress conditions. Results In the present study, a total of 30 LcSnRKs were identified in Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense) genome, which was distributed across 15 chromosomes and 4 scaffolds. It could be divided into three subfamilies: SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3 based on phylogenetic analysis and domain types. The LcSnRK of the three subfamilies shared the same Ser/Thr kinase structure in gene structure and motif composition, while the functional domains, except for the kinase domain, showed significant differences. A total of 13 collinear gene pairs were detected in L. chinense and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), and 18 pairs were detected in L. chinense and rice, suggesting that the LcSnRK family genes may be evolutionarily more closely related to rice. Cis-regulation element analysis showed that LcSnRKs were LTR and TC-rich, which could respond to different environmental stresses. Furthermore, the expression patterns of LcSnRKs are different at different times under low-temperature stress. LcSnRK1s expression tended to be down-regulated under low-temperature stress. The expression of LcSnRK2s tended to be up-regulated under low-temperature stress. The expression trend of LcSnRK3s under low-temperature stress was mainly up-or down-regulated. Conclusion The results of this study will provide valuable information for the functional identification of the LcSnRK gene in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08902-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yasmina Radani
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Liming Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Jiang B, Liu Y, Niu H, He Y, Ma D, Li Y. Mining the Roles of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) SnRK Genes in Biotic and Abiotic Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:934226. [PMID: 35845708 PMCID: PMC9280681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.934226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play vital roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, little is known about the SnRK functions in wheat. In this study, 149 TaSnRKs (wheat SnRKs) were identified and were divided into three subfamilies. A combination of public transcriptome data and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed the distinct expression patterns of TaSnRKs under various abiotic and biotic stresses. TaSnRK2.4-B, a member of SnRK2s, has different expression patterns under polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment, and high concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) application. Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that TaSnRK2.4-B could interact with the SnRK2-interacting calcium sensor (SCS) in wheat and play a role in the ABA-dependent pathway. Moreover, TaSnRK2.4-B might be a negative regulator in wheat against pathogen infection. The present study provides valuable information for understanding the functions of the TaSnRK family and provides recommendations for future genetic improvement in wheat stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yike Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Niu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiqin He
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Longgan Lake National Nature Reserve Authority of Hubei, Huanggang, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
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15
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Xing J, Zhao R, Zhang Q, Huang X, Yin T, Zhang J, Xu B. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the LpSAPK Family Genes in Perennial Ryegrass Highlight LpSAPK9 as an Active Regulator of Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922564. [PMID: 35720565 PMCID: PMC9201779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SAPK/SnRK2 family genes play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the LpSAPK genes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that there are 10 LpSAPKs in perennial ryegrass that could be classified into three groups with similar genic (exon-intron) structures to their orthologous genes in Arabidopsis and other grass species. Ka/Ks analysis suggested that the LpSAPKs and their orthologs were under purifying selection to maintain their conserved function during evolution. Nine out of ten LpSAPKs were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus with the exception of LpSAPK5 which was only observed in the cytoplasm. Most LpSAPKs were responsive to various abiotic stress and hormonal (ABA, cytokinin, and ethylene) treatments but were downregulated in leaves and upregulated in roots, suggesting that there were unknown cis elements in promoters of these genes or unidentified post-transcriptional mechanism responsible for the tissue-dependent stress-regulated expression of these LpSAPKs. Furthermore, LpSAPK9 was identified as a candidate positive regulator in drought tolerance using a yeast ectopic expression system, and LpSAPK9 showed contrasting expression changes in drought-sensitive and -tolerant ryegrass varieties, suggesting that expression levels of LpSAPK9 were related to ryegrass drought tolerance. These results will facilitate further functional analysis of LpSAPKs for molecular breeding of ryegrass and other related grass species.
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Xiao-Lin Z, Bao-Qiang W, Xiao-Hong W. Identification and expression analysis of the CqSnRK2 gene family and a functional study of the CqSnRK2.12 gene in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:397. [PMID: 35610576 PMCID: PMC9131629 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-associated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) proteins belong to a relatively small family of plant-specific serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases. SnRK2s participate in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and play important roles in many biotic and abiotic stresses. At present, no SnRK2 gene has been reported in quinoa, and the recently published genome for this species provides an opportunity to identify and characterize the SnRK2 gene family. Results We identified 13 SnRK2 genes in the C. quinoa genome by bioinformatics analysis. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, these genes were divided into three subfamilies, similar to the situation in other plant species. Gene duplication analysis showed that there were seven pairs of homologous genes in the CqSnRK2 family, and that purifying selection played an important role in the evolution of SnRK2 genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the first exon in the SnRK2 family genes has the same length as the last exon, and that CqSnRK2 genes in the same subfamily have similar gene structures. Sequence analysis showed that the N-terminal region contains three highly conserved motifs. In addition, many kinds of cis-elements were identified in the promoter region of CqSnRK2, including those for hormone responses, stress responses, and tissue-specific expression. Transcription data analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that CqSnRK2 has different expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves, and responded to biotic and abiotic stresses such as low temperature, salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, we found that the protein encoded by CqSnRK2.12 was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and there was no self-activation. The results of CqSnRK2.12 overexpression showed that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines had increased drought tolerance compared to the controls. Conclusion The results of our study provide references for further studies on the evolution, function, and expression of the SnRK2 gene family in quinoa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08626-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xiao-Lin
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wang Bao-Qiang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei Xiao-Hong
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Abstract
Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth, development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, cold and flooding, have profound effects on plant growth and survival. Adaptation and tolerance to such stresses require sophisticated sensing, signalling and stress response mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding how diverse plant hormones control abiotic stress responses in plants and highlight points of hormonal crosstalk during abiotic stress signalling. Control mechanisms and stress responses mediated by plant hormones including abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellins are discussed. We discuss new insights into osmotic stress sensing and signalling mechanisms, hormonal control of gene regulation and plant development during stress, hormone-regulated submergence tolerance and stomatal movements. We further explore how innovative imaging approaches are providing insights into single-cell and tissue hormone dynamics. Understanding stress tolerance mechanisms opens new opportunities for agricultural applications.
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SHINOZAKI K, YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI K. Functional genomics in plant abiotic stress responses and tolerance: From gene discovery to complex regulatory networks and their application in breeding. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:470-492. [PMID: 36216536 PMCID: PMC9614206 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have developed sophisticated systems to cope with severe stressful environmental conditions during evolution. Plants have complex molecular systems to respond and adapt to abiotic stress, including drought, cold, and heat stress. Since 1989, we have been working to understand the complex molecular mechanisms of plant responses to severe environmental stress conditions based on functional genomics approaches with Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant. We focused on the function of drought-inducible genes and the regulation of their stress-inducible transcription, perception and cellular signal transduction of stress signals to describe plant stress responses and adaptation at the molecular and cellular levels. We have identified key genes and factors in the regulation of complex responses and tolerance of plants in response to dehydration and temperature stresses. In this review article, we describe our 30-year experience in research and development based on functional genomics to understand sophisticated systems in plant response and adaptation to environmental stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo SHINOZAKI
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hsu PK, Takahashi Y, Merilo E, Costa A, Zhang L, Kernig K, Lee KH, Schroeder JI. Raf-like kinases and receptor-like (pseudo)kinase GHR1 are required for stomatal vapor pressure difference response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107280118. [PMID: 34799443 PMCID: PMC8617523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107280118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores close rapidly in response to low-air-humidity-induced leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (VPD) increases, thereby reducing excessive water loss. The hydroactive signal-transduction mechanisms mediating high VPD-induced stomatal closure remain largely unknown. The kinetics of stomatal high-VPD responses were investigated by using time-resolved gas-exchange analyses of higher-order mutants in guard-cell signal-transduction branches. We show that the slow-type anion channel SLAC1 plays a relatively more substantial role than the rapid-type anion channel ALMT12/QUAC1 in stomatal VPD signaling. VPD-induced stomatal closure is not affected in mpk12/mpk4GC double mutants that completely disrupt stomatal CO2 signaling, indicating that VPD signaling is independent of the early CO2 signal-transduction pathway. Calcium imaging shows that osmotic stress causes cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients in guard cells. Nevertheless, osca1-2/1.3/2.2/2.3/3.1 Ca2+-permeable channel quintuple, osca1.3/1.7-channel double, cngc5/6-channel double, cngc20-channel single, cngc19/20crispr-channel double, glr3.2/3.3-channel double, cpk-kinase quintuple, cbl1/4/5/8/9 quintuple, and cbl2/3rf double mutants showed wild-type-like stomatal VPD responses. A B3-family Raf-like mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase kinase kinase, M3Kδ5/RAF6, activates the OST1/SnRK2.6 kinase in plant cells. Interestingly, B3 Raf-kinase m3kδ5 and m3kδ1/δ5/δ6/δ7 (raf3/6/5/4) quadruple mutants, but not a 14-gene raf-kinase mutant including osmotic stress-linked B4-family Raf-kinases, exhibited slowed high-VPD responses, suggesting that B3-family Raf-kinases play an important role in stomatal VPD signaling. Moreover, high VPD-induced stomatal closure was impaired in receptor-like pseudokinase GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 (GHR1) mutant alleles. Notably, the classical transient "wrong-way" VPD response was absent in ghr1 mutant alleles. These findings reveal genes and signaling mechanisms in the elusive high VPD-induced stomatal closing response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Hsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Alex Costa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Li Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Klara Kernig
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katie H Lee
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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Wang J, Wang L, Yan Y, Zhang S, Li H, Gao Z, Wang C, Guo X. GhWRKY21 regulates ABA-mediated drought tolerance by fine-tuning the expression of GhHAB in cotton. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2135-2150. [PMID: 32888081 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We report that GhWRKY21, a WRKY transcription factor, plays essential roles in regulating the intensity of the drought-induced ABA signalling pathway by facilitating the expression of GhHAB in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important plant hormones in response to abiotic stress. However, activation of the ABA signalling pathway often leads to growth inhibition. The mechanisms that regulate the intensity of ABA signals are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and analysed the cotton group IId WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene GhWRKY21. Functional analysis indicated that GhWRKY21 plays a negative role in the drought response of cotton. Silencing of GhWRKY21 in cotton dramatically increased drought tolerance, whereas ectopic GhWRKY21 overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana decreased drought tolerance. Furthermore, the GhWRKY21-mediated drought tolerance was ABA dependent. To clarify the mechanism underlying the GhWRKY21-mediated regulation of drought tolerance, 17 clade-A-type type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) genes, which are negative regulators of ABA signalling, were identified in cotton. Notably, GhWRKY21 interacted specifically with the W-box element within the promoter of GhHAB and regulated its expression. Silencing of GhHAB in cotton yielded a phenotype similar to that of GhWRKY21-silenced cotton. These results suggest that GhWRKY21 regulates the intensity of ABA signals by facilitating the expression of GhHAB. In summary, these findings dramatically improve our understanding of the function of WRKY TFs and provide insights into the mechanism of ABA-mediated drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Due to climate change, we are forced to face new abiotic stress challenges like cold and heat waves that currently result from global warming. Losses due to frost and low temperatures force us to better understand the physiological, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms of response to such stress to face losses, especially in tropical and subtropical crops like citrus fruit, which are well adapted to certain weather conditions. Many of the responses to cold stress that are found are also conserved in citrus. Hence, this review also intends to show the latest work on citrus. In addition to basic research, there is a great need to employ and cultivate new citrus rootstocks to better adapt to environmental conditions.
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Maszkowska J, Szymańska KP, Kasztelan A, Krzywińska E, Sztatelman O, Dobrowolska G. The Multifaceted Regulation of SnRK2 Kinases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092180. [PMID: 34571829 PMCID: PMC8465348 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SNF1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are central regulators of plant responses to environmental cues simultaneously playing a pivotal role in the plant development and growth in favorable conditions. They are activated in response to osmotic stress and some of them also to abscisic acid (ABA), the latter being key in ABA signaling. The SnRK2s can be viewed as molecular switches between growth and stress response; therefore, their activity is tightly regulated; needed only for a short time to trigger the response, it has to be induced transiently and otherwise kept at a very low level. This implies a strict and multifaceted control of SnRK2s in plant cells. Despite emerging new information concerning the regulation of SnRK2s, especially those involved in ABA signaling, a lot remains to be uncovered, the regulation of SnRK2s in an ABA-independent manner being particularly understudied. Here, we present an overview of available data, discuss some controversial issues, and provide our perspective on SnRK2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Maszkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Patrycja Szymańska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adrian Kasztelan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Krzywińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Olga Sztatelman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (G.D.); Tel.: +48-22-5925718 (G.D.)
| | - Grażyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (G.D.); Tel.: +48-22-5925718 (G.D.)
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Kamiyama Y, Katagiri S, Umezawa T. Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071443. [PMID: 34371646 PMCID: PMC8309267 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Long T, Xu B, Hu Y, Wang Y, Mao C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Huang H, Liu Y, Yu G, Zhao C, Li Y, Huang Y. Genome-wide identification of ZmSnRK2 genes and functional analysis of ZmSnRK2.10 in ABA signaling pathway in maize (Zea mays L). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34210268 PMCID: PMC8246669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, it has been well-known that SnRK2s are the central components of the ABA signaling pathway that control the balance between plant growth and stress response, but the functions of ZmSnRK2 in maize are rarely reported. Therefore, the study of ZmSnRK2 is of great importance to understand the ABA signaling pathways in maize. RESULTS In this study, 14 ZmSnRK2 genes were identified in the latest version of maize genome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmSnRK2s are divided into three subclasses based on their diversity of C-terminal domains. The exon-intron structures, phylogenetic, synteny and collinearity analysis indicated that SnRK2s, especially the subclass III of SnRK2, are evolutionally conserved in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization showed that ZmSnRK2 proteins are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The RNA-Seq datasets and qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmSnRK2 genes exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns during the growth and development of different maize tissues, and the transcript levels of some ZmSnRK2 genes in kernel are significantly induced by ABA and sucrose treatment. In addition, we found that ZmSnRK2.10, which belongs to subclass III, is highly expressed in kernel and activated by ABA. Overexpression of ZmSnRK2.10 partially rescued the ABA-insensitive phenotype of snrk2.2/2.3 double and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6 triple mutants and led to delaying plant flowering in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSION The SnRK2 gene family exhibits a high evolutionary conservation and has expanded with whole-genome duplication events in plants. The ZmSnRK2s expanded in maize with whole-genome and segmental duplication, not tandem duplication. The expression pattern analysis of ZmSnRK2s in maize offers important information to study their functions. Study of the functions of ZmSnRK.10 in Arabidopsis suggests that the ABA-dependent members of SnRK2s are evolutionarily conserved in plants. Our study elucidated the structure and evolution of SnRK2 genes in plants and provided a basis for the functional study of ZmSnRK2s protein in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yayun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Changqing Mao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guowu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Abscisic acid regulates secondary cell-wall formation and lignin deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana through phosphorylation of NST1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010911118. [PMID: 33495344 PMCID: PMC7865148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010911118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin deposition in plants is affected by environmental stress, and stress-signaling involves increases in the levels of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show, using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, how ABA can regulate lignin biosynthesis. This involves phosphorylation of the master lignin transcription factor NST1 by a family of protein kinases (SnRK2s) that are themselves activated by phosphorylation as a result of ABA recognition by its receptor. This work provides a basis for designing trees and other biomass plants that are better adapted to stress and climate change. Plant secondary cell-wall (SCW) deposition and lignification are affected by both seasonal factors and abiotic stress, and these responses may involve the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, the mechanisms involved are not clear. Here we show that mutations that limit ABA synthesis or signaling reduce the extent of SCW thickness and lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana through the core ABA-signaling pathway involving SnRK2 kinases. SnRK2.2. 3 and 6 physically interact with the SCW regulator NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1 (NST1), a NAC family transcription factor that orchestrates the transcriptional activation of a suite of downstream SCW biosynthesis genes, some of which are involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin. This interaction leads to phosphorylation of NST1 at Ser316, a residue that is highly conserved among NST1 proteins from dicots, but not monocots, and is required for transcriptional activation of downstream SCW-related gene promoters. Loss of function of NST1 in the snd1 mutant background results in lack of SCWs in the interfascicular fiber region of the stem, and the Ser316Ala mutant of NST1 fails to complement this phenotype and ABA-induced lignin pathway gene expression. The discovery of NST1 as a key substrate for phosphorylation by SnRK2 suggests that the ABA-mediated core-signaling cascade provided land plants with a hormone-modulated, competitive desiccation-tolerance strategy allowing them to differentiate water-conducting and supporting tissues built of cells with thicker cell walls.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of AnSnRK2 Gene Family under Osmotic Stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050882. [PMID: 33925572 PMCID: PMC8145913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2’s (SnRK2s) are plant-specific serine/threonine protein kinases and play crucial roles in the abscisic acid signaling pathway and abiotic stress response. Ammopiptanthus nanus is a relict xerophyte shrub and extremely tolerant of abiotic stresses. Therefore, we performed genome-wide identification of the AnSnRK2 genes and analyzed their expression profiles under osmotic stresses including drought and salinity. A total of 11 AnSnRK2 genes (AnSnRK2.1-AnSnRK2.11) were identified in the A. nanus genome and were divided into three groups according to the phylogenetic tree. The AnSnRK2.6 has seven introns and others have eight introns. All of the AnSnRK2 proteins are highly conserved at the N-terminus and contain similar motif composition. The result of cis-acting element analysis showed that there were abundant hormone- and stress-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of AnSnRK2s. Moreover, the results of quantitative real-time PCR exhibited that the expression of most AnSnRK2s was induced by NaCl and PEG-6000 treatments, but the expression of AnSnRK2.3 and AnSnRK2.6 was inhibited, suggesting that the AnSnRK2s might play key roles in stress tolerance. The study provides insights into understanding the function of AnSnRK2s.
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Cellular Phosphorylation Signaling and Gene Expression in Drought Stress Responses: ABA-Dependent and ABA-Independent Regulatory Systems. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040756. [PMID: 33924307 PMCID: PMC8068880 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drought is a severe and complex abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and crop yields. Numerous genes with various functions are induced in response to drought stress to acquire drought stress tolerance. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates mainly in the leaves in response to drought stress and then activates subclass III SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s), which are key phosphoregulators of ABA signaling. ABA mediates a wide variety of gene expression processes through stress-responsive transcription factors, including ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEINS (AREBs)/ABRE-BINDING FACTORS (ABFs) and several other transcription factors. Seed plants have another type of SnRK2s, ABA-unresponsive subclass I SnRK2s, that mediates the stability of gene expression through the mRNA decay pathway and plant growth under drought stress in an ABA-independent manner. Recent research has elucidated the upstream regulators of SnRK2s, RAF-like protein kinases, involved in early responses to drought stress. ABA-independent transcriptional regulatory systems and ABA-responsive regulation function in drought-responsive gene expression. DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT (DRE) is an important cis-acting element in ABA-independent transcription, whereas ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT (ABRE) cis-acting element functions in ABA-responsive transcription. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in research on cellular and molecular drought stress responses and focus on phosphorylation signaling and transcription networks in Arabidopsis and crops. We also highlight gene networks of transcriptional regulation through two major regulatory pathways, ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, that ABA-responsive subclass III SnRK2s and ABA-unresponsive subclass I SnRK2s mediate, respectively. We also discuss crosstalk in these regulatory systems under drought stress.
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28
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Islam M, Inoue T, Hiraide M, Khatun N, Jahan A, Kuwata K, Katagiri S, Umezawa T, Yotsui I, Sakata Y, Takezawa D. Activation of SnRK2 by Raf-like kinase ARK represents a primary mechanism of ABA and abiotic stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:533-546. [PMID: 33655297 PMCID: PMC8133623 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Raf-like protein kinase abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress-responsive Raf-like kinase (ARK) previously identified in the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens acts as an upstream regulator of subgroup III SNF1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2), the key regulator of ABA and abiotic stress responses. However, the mechanisms underlying activation of ARK by ABA and abiotic stress for the regulation of SnRK2, including the role of ABA receptor-associated group A PP2C (PP2C-A), are not understood. We identified Ser1029 as the phosphorylation site in the activation loop of ARK, which provided a possible mechanism for regulation of its activity. Analysis of transgenic P. patens ark lines expressing ARK-GFP with Ser1029-to-Ala mutation indicated that this replacement causes reductions in ABA-induced gene expression, stress tolerance, and SnRK2 activity. Immunoblot analysis using an anti-phosphopeptide antibody indicated that ABA treatments rapidly stimulate Ser1029 phosphorylation in the wild type (WT). The phosphorylation profile of Ser1029 in ABA-hypersensitive ppabi1 lacking protein phosphatase 2C-A (PP2C-A) was similar to that in the WT, whereas little Ser1029 phosphorylation was observed in ABA-insensitive ark missense mutant lines. Furthermore, newly isolated ppabi1 ark lines showed ABA-insensitive phenotypes similar to those of ark lines. Therefore, ARK is a primary activator of SnRK2, preceding negative regulation by PP2C-A in bryophytes, which provides a prototype mechanism for ABA and abiotic stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousona Islam
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Plant Tissue Culture Section, Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Takumi Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mayuka Hiraide
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nobiza Khatun
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akida Jahan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Wang C, Abbas F, Zhou Y, Ke Y, Li X, Yue Y, Yu Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Genome-wide identification and expression pattern of SnRK gene family under several hormone treatments and its role in floral scent emission in Hedychium coronarium. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10883. [PMID: 33854831 PMCID: PMC7955670 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SnRK (Snf1-Related protein Kinase) gene family plays crucial roles in various plant signaling pathways and stress-adaptive responses including biotic and abiotic stresses via activating protein phosphorylation pathways. However, there is no information available on the role of the SnRK gene family in Hedychium coronarium. H. coronarium is an important crop widely cultivated as an ornamental plant, herb, spice, or condiment. In this study, 60 HcSnRK genes were identified from the H. coronarium genomic and transcriptome data. Phylogenetic and gene structure analysis showed that the HcSnRK genes were divided into three groups (HcSnRK1, HcSnRK2 and HcSnRK3) and among them HcSnRK3 subfamily was further subdivided into two clades according to the number of introns. Chromosome localization analysis showed that HcSnRK genes were unevenly mapped onto all chromosomes, and the Ka/Ks ratio of 24 paralogues includes four tandems and 20 segmental duplications indicated that the HcSnRK gene family underwent a purifying selection. Cis-regulatory elements analysis suggested that the HcSnRK genes respond to multiple hormones and other stresses. The responsiveness of HcSnRK genes to several hormones was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Based on the different transcriptome data, two candidates HcSnRK genes (HcSnRK2.2 and HcSnRK2.9) were screened out for further characterization . The subcellular localization experiment revealed that both genes were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Moreover, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of HcSnRK2.2 and HcSnRK2.9 significantly reduced the floral volatile contents by suppressing the expression of terpene synthase genes (HcTPS1, HcTPS3, and HcTPS5), indicating that HcSnRK2.2 and HcSnRK2.9 genes play an important role in the regulatory mechanism of floral aroma. These results will provide novel insights into the functional dissection of H. coronarium SnRK gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutian Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming university, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
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30
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Hsu PK, Dubeaux G, Takahashi Y, Schroeder JI. Signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:307-321. [PMID: 33145840 PMCID: PMC7902384 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in the regulation of stomatal movements under water-deficit conditions. The identification of ABA receptors and the ABA signaling core consisting of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, PP2C protein phosphatases and SnRK2 protein kinases has led to studies that have greatly advanced our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms mediating ABA-induced stomatal closure in the past decade. This review focuses on recent progress in illuminating the regulatory mechanisms of ABA signal transduction, and the physiological importance of basal ABA signaling in stomatal regulation by CO2 and, as hypothesized here, vapor-pressure deficit. Furthermore, advances in understanding the interactions of ABA and other stomatal signaling pathways are reviewed here. We also review recent studies investigating the use of ABA signaling mechanisms for the manipulation of stomatal conductance and the enhancement of drought tolerance and water-use efficiency of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Hsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Guillaume Dubeaux
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
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31
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Skalak J, Nicolas KL, Vankova R, Hejatko J. Signal Integration in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses via Multistep Phosphorelay Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644823. [PMID: 33679861 PMCID: PMC7925916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in any particular geographical location are exposed to variable and diverse environmental conditions throughout their lifespan. The multifactorial environmental pressure resulted into evolution of plant adaptation and survival strategies requiring ability to integrate multiple signals that combine to yield specific responses. These adaptive responses enable plants to maintain their growth and development while acquiring tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions. An essential signaling cascade that incorporates a wide range of exogenous as well as endogenous stimuli is multistep phosphorelay (MSP). MSP mediates the signaling of essential plant hormones that balance growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which specific signals are recognized by a commonly-occurring pathway are not yet clearly understood. Here we summarize our knowledge on the latest model of multistep phosphorelay signaling in plants and the molecular mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple inputs including both hormonal (cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid) and environmental (light and temperature) signals into a common pathway. We provide an overview of abiotic stress responses mediated via MSP signaling that are both hormone-dependent and independent. We highlight the mutual interactions of key players such as sensor kinases of various substrate specificities including their downstream targets. These constitute a tightly interconnected signaling network, enabling timely adaptation by the plant to an ever-changing environment. Finally, we propose possible future directions in stress-oriented research on MSP signaling and highlight its potential importance for targeted crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalak
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katrina Leslie Nicolas
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Hejatko,
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32
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Matsuoka S, Sato K, Maruki-Imamura R, Noutoshi Y, Okabe T, Kojima H, Umezawa T. Identification of novel compounds that inhibit SnRK2 kinase activity by high-throughput screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 537:57-63. [PMID: 33385806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that regulates abiotic stress responses and development. SNF1-rerated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a key regulator of ABA signaling. To isolate compounds which directly affect SnRK2 activity, we optimized a fluorescence-based system for high-throughput screening (HTS) of SnRK2 kinase regulators. Using this system, we screened a chemical library consisting of 16,000 compounds and identified ten compounds (INH1-10) as potential SnRK2 inhibitors. Further characterization of these compounds by in vitro phosphorylation assays confirmed that three of the ten compounds were SnRK2-specific kinase inhibitors. In contrast, seven of ten compounds inhibited ABA-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis cells. From these results, INH1 was identified as a SnRK2-specific inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. We propose that INH1 could be a lead compound of chemical tools for studying ABA responses in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Karin Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-0082, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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33
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Fàbregas N, Yoshida T, Fernie AR. Role of Raf-like kinases in SnRK2 activation and osmotic stress response in plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6184. [PMID: 33273465 PMCID: PMC7712759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental drought and high salinity impose osmotic stress, which inhibits plant growth and yield. Thus, understanding how plants respond to osmotic stress is critical to improve crop productivity. Plants have multiple signalling pathways in response to osmotic stress in which the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles. However, since little is known concerning key early components, the global osmotic stress-signalling network remains to be elucidated. Here, we review recent advances in the identification of osmotic-stress activated Raf-like protein kinases as regulators of ABA-dependent and -independent signalling pathways and discuss the plant stress-responsive kinase network from an evolutionary perspective. A better understanding of how plants respond to osmotic stress could potentially help improve crop yields. Here Fàbregas et al. review the recent characterization of Raf-like kinases that act in both in ABA-dependent and -independent responses to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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34
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Komatsu K, Takezawa D, Sakata Y. Decoding ABA and osmostress signalling in plants from an evolutionary point of view. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2894-2911. [PMID: 33459424 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is fundamental for land plant adaptation to water-limited conditions. Osmostress, such as drought, induces ABA accumulation in angiosperms, triggering physiological responses such as stomata closure. The core components of angiosperm ABA signalling are soluble ABA receptors, group A protein phosphatase type 2C and SNF1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2). ABA also has various functions in non-angiosperms, however, suggesting that its role in adaptation to land may not have been angiosperm-specific. Indeed, among land plants, the core ABA signalling components are evolutionarily conserved, implying their presence in a common ancestor. Results of ongoing functional genomics studies of ABA signalling components in bryophytes and algae have expanded our understanding of the evolutionary role of ABA signalling, with genome sequencing uncovering the ABA core module even in algae. In this review, we describe recent discoveries involving the ABA core module in non-angiosperms, tracing the footprints of how ABA evolved as a phytohormone. We also cover the latest findings on Raf-like kinases as upstream regulators of the core ABA module component SnRK2. Finally, we discuss the origin of ABA signalling from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioresource Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Lozano-Juste J, Alrefaei AF, Rodriguez PL. Plant Osmotic Stress Signaling: MAPKKKs Meet SnRK2s. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1179-1182. [PMID: 32972846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress signaling in higher plants is crucial to cope with abiotic stress. RAF-like MAPKKKs are activated by hyperosmotic stress and activate downstream ABA-unresponsive and ABA-activated SnRK2s, integrating early osmotic stress and ABA signaling cascades. The connection of B2/B3/B4 RAF-like MAPKKKs with SnRK2s is a new paradigm in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lozano-Juste
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdulwahed F Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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36
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Liu J, Shen F, Xiao Y, Fang H, Qiu C, Li W, Wu T, Xu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Han Z. Genomics-assisted prediction of salt and alkali tolerances and functional marker development in apple rootstocks. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:550. [PMID: 32778069 PMCID: PMC7430842 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saline, alkaline, and saline-alkaline stress severely affect plant growth and development. The tolerance of plants to these stressors has long been important breeding objectives, especially for woody perennials like apple. The aims of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics-assisted prediction models for salt, alkali, and salt-alkali tolerance in apple rootstock. Results A total of 3258 hybrids derived from the apple rootstock cultivars ‘Baleng Crab’ (Malus robusta Rehd., tolerant) × ‘M9’ (M. pumila Mill., sensitive) were used to identify 17, 13, and two QTLs for injury indices of salt, alkali, and salt–alkali stress via bulked segregant analysis. The genotype effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers designed on candidate genes in each QTL interval were estimated. The genomic predicted value of an individual hybrid was calculated by adding the sum of all marker genotype effects to the mean phenotype value of the population. The prediction accuracy was 0.6569, 0.6695, and 0.5834 for injury indices of salt, alkali, and salt–alkali stress, respectively. SNP182G on MdRGLG3, which changes a leucine to an arginine at the vWFA-domain, conferred tolerance to salt, alkali, and salt-alkali stress. SNP761A on MdKCAB, affecting the Kv_beta domain that cooperated with the linked allelic variation SNP11, contributed to salt, alkali, and salt–alkali tolerance in apple rootstock. Conclusions The genomics-assisted prediction models can potentially be used in breeding saline, alkaline, and saline-alkaline tolerant apple rootstocks. The QTLs and the functional markers may provide insight for future studies into the genetic variation of plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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37
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Bheri M, Mahiwal S, Sanyal SK, Pandey GK. Plant protein phosphatases: What do we know about their mechanism of action? FEBS J 2020; 288:756-785. [PMID: 32542989 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major reversible post-translational modification. Protein phosphatases function as 'critical regulators' in signaling networks through dephosphorylation of proteins, which have been phosphorylated by protein kinases. A large understanding of their working has been sourced from animal systems rather than the plant or the prokaryotic systems. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases include phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine(Ser)/threonine(Thr)-specific phosphatases (STPs), while PTP family is Tyr specific. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. PTPs lack sequence homology with STPs, indicating a difference in catalytic mechanisms, while the PPP and PPM families share a similar structural fold indicating a common catalytic mechanism. The catalytic cysteine (Cys) residue in the conserved HCX5 R active site motif of the PTPs acts as a nucleophile during hydrolysis. The PPP members require metal ions, which coordinate the phosphate group of the substrate, followed by a nucleophilic attack by a water molecule and hydrolysis. The variable holoenzyme assembly of protein phosphatase(s) and the overlap with other post-translational modifications like acetylation and ubiquitination add to their complexity. Though their functional characterization is extensively reported in plants, the mechanistic nature of their action is still being explored by researchers. In this review, we exclusively overview the plant protein phosphatases with an emphasis on their mechanistic action as well as structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Katsuta S, Masuda G, Bak H, Shinozawa A, Kamiyama Y, Umezawa T, Takezawa D, Yotsui I, Taji T, Sakata Y. Arabidopsis Raf-like kinases act as positive regulators of subclass III SnRK2 in osmostress signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:634-644. [PMID: 32239564 PMCID: PMC7497244 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Given their sessile nature, land plants must use various mechanisms to manage dehydration under water-deficit conditions. Osmostress-induced activation of the SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family elicits physiological responses such as stomatal closure to protect plants during drought conditions. With the plant hormone ABA receptors [PYR (pyrabactin resistance)/PYL (pyrabactin resistance-like)/RCAR (regulatory component of ABA receptors) proteins] and group A protein phosphatases, subclass III SnRK2 also constitutes a core signaling module for ABA, and osmostress triggers ABA accumulation. How SnRK2 is activated through ABA has been clarified, although its activation through osmostress remains unclear. Here, we show that Arabidopsis ABA and abiotic stress-responsive Raf-like kinases (AtARKs) of the B3 clade of the mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family are crucial in SnRK2-mediated osmostress responses. Disruption of AtARKs in Arabidopsis results in increased water loss from detached leaves because of impaired stomatal closure in response to osmostress. Our findings obtained in vitro and in planta have shown that AtARKs interact physically with SRK2E, a core factor for stomatal closure in response to drought. Furthermore, we show that AtARK phosphorylates S171 and S175 in the activation loop of SRK2E in vitro and that Atark mutants have defects in osmostress-induced subclass III SnRK2 activity. Our findings identify a specific type of B3-MAPKKKs as upstream kinases of subclass III SnRK2 in Arabidopsis. Taken together with earlier reports that ARK is an upstream kinase of SnRK2 in moss, an existing member of a basal land plant lineage, we propose that ARK/SnRK2 module is evolutionarily conserved across 400 million years of land plant evolution for conferring protection against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Katsuta
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
| | - Goro Masuda
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
| | - Hyeokjin Bak
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
| | - Akihisa Shinozawa
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
- Present address:
The NODAI Genome Research Center (NGRC)Tokyo University of Agriculture1‐1‐1 SakuragaokaSetagayakuTokyo156‐8502Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo184‐8588Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo184‐8588Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitama338‐8570Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo156‐8502Japan
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Liu M, Wang J, Gou J, Wang X, Li Z, Yang X, Sun S. Overexpression of NtSnRK2.2 enhances salt tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and lateral root development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:537-543. [PMID: 32336321 DOI: 10.1071/fp19299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SnRK2 is a plant-specific protein kinase family implicated in environmental stress tolerance. Individual SnRK2 genes have acquired distinct regulatory properties in response to various environmental stresses. In this study, NtSnRK2.2, a SnRK2 subclass II member in Nicotiana tabacum L., was cloned and characterised. Sequence alignment analysis showed that SnRK2.2 exhibits widespread sequence differences across Nicotiana species. The tissue expression pattern of NtSnRK2.2 showed a root-predominant expression. To investigate its biological function, NtSnRK2.2 was overexpressed in tobacco, which subsequently resulted in increased soluble sugars and more lateral roots under a normal condition. A salt-stress tolerance assay showed that NtSnRK2.2-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced salt tolerance, which was further confirmed based on its better root architecture and increase in soluble sugars, thereby implying that NtSnRK2.2 is a multifunctional regulatory factor in plants. Together, our results indicated the possible role played by NtSnRK2.2 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis via the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Liu
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Jianyu Gou
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Shuguang Sun
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Limited Liability Company, Wuhan, Hubei, Wuhan 430040, China; and Corresponding author.
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40
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Plant Raf-like kinases regulate the mRNA population upstream of ABA-unresponsive SnRK2 kinases under drought stress. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1373. [PMID: 32170072 PMCID: PMC7069986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are key regulators governing the plant adaptive responses to osmotic stresses, such as drought and high salinity. Subclass III SnRK2s function as central regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and orchestrate ABA-regulated adaptive responses to osmotic stresses. Seed plants have acquired other types of osmotic stress-activated but ABA-unresponsive subclass I SnRK2s that regulate mRNA decay and promote plant growth under osmotic stresses. In contrast to subclass III SnRK2s, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the rapid activation of subclass I SnRK2s in response to osmotic stress remain elusive. Here, we report that three B4 Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) phosphorylate and activate subclass I SnRK2s under osmotic stress. Transcriptome analyses reveal that genes downstream of these MAPKKKs largely overlap with subclass I SnRK2-regulated genes under osmotic stress, which indicates that these MAPKKKs are upstream factors of subclass I SnRK2 and are directly activated by osmotic stress.
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41
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Lin Z, Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Hsu CC, Du Y, Sang T, Zhu C, Wang Y, Satheesh V, Pratibha P, Zhao Y, Song CP, Tao WA, Zhu JK, Wang P. A RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascade mediates early osmotic stress signaling in higher plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:613. [PMID: 32001690 PMCID: PMC6992735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulation is important for plant growth, development and response to environmental changes. SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are quickly activated by osmotic stress and are central components in osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways; however, the upstream components required for SnRK2 activation and early osmotic stress signaling are still unknown. Here, we report a critical role for B2, B3 and B4 subfamilies of Raf-like kinases (RAFs) in early osmotic stress as well as ABA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. B2, B3 and B4 RAFs are quickly activated by osmotic stress and are required for phosphorylation and activation of SnRK2s. Analyses of high-order mutants of RAFs reveal critical roles of the RAFs in osmotic stress tolerance and ABA responses as well as in growth and development. Our findings uncover a kinase cascade mediating osmoregulation in higher plants. Rapid activation of SnRK2 kinases is central to plant responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. Here the authors show that a group of Raf-like kinases are very quickly activated by osmotic stress, and then phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhengjing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yanyan Du
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubei Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pritu Pratibha
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Key laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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MAP3Kinase-dependent SnRK2-kinase activation is required for abscisic acid signal transduction and rapid osmotic stress response. Nat Commun 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 31896774 PMCID: PMC6940395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, trigger a complex osmotic-stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction network. The core ABA signalling components are snf1-related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s), which are activated by ABA-triggered inhibition of type-2C protein-phosphatases (PP2Cs). SnRK2 kinases are also activated by a rapid, largely unknown, ABA-independent osmotic-stress signalling pathway. Here, through a combination of a redundancy-circumventing genetic screen and biochemical analyses, we have identified functionally-redundant MAPKK-kinases (M3Ks) that are necessary for activation of SnRK2 kinases. These M3Ks phosphorylate a specific SnRK2/OST1 site, which is indispensable for ABA-induced reactivation of PP2C-dephosphorylated SnRK2 kinases. ABA-triggered SnRK2 activation, transcription factor phosphorylation and SLAC1 activation require these M3Ks in vitro and in plants. M3K triple knock-out plants show reduced ABA sensitivity and strongly impaired rapid osmotic-stress-induced SnRK2 activation. These findings demonstrate that this M3K clade is required for ABA- and osmotic-stress-activation of SnRK2 kinases, enabling robust ABA and osmotic stress signal transduction.
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43
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Chen K, Li GJ, Bressan RA, Song CP, Zhu JK, Zhao Y. Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:25-54. [PMID: 31850654 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, and growth inhibition among many others. Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo-Jun Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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Schäfer N, Maierhofer T, Herrmann J, Jørgensen ME, Lind C, von Meyer K, Lautner S, Fromm J, Felder M, Hetherington AM, Ache P, Geiger D, Hedrich R. A Tandem Amino Acid Residue Motif in Guard Cell SLAC1 Anion Channel of Grasses Allows for the Control of Stomatal Aperture by Nitrate. Curr Biol 2019; 28:1370-1379.e5. [PMID: 29706511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The latest major group of plants to evolve were the grasses. These became important in the mid-Paleogene about 40 million years ago. During evolution, leaf CO2 uptake and transpirational water loss were optimized by the acquisition of grass-specific stomatal complexes. In contrast to the kidney-shaped guard cells (GCs) typical of the dicots such as Arabidopsis, in the grasses and agronomically important cereals, the GCs are dumbbell shaped and are associated with morphologically distinct subsidiary cells (SCs). We studied the molecular basis of GC action in the major cereal crop barley. Upon feeding ABA to xylem sap of an intact barley leaf, stomata closed in a nitrate-dependent manner. This process was initiated by activation of GC SLAC-type anion channel currents. HvSLAC1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes gave rise to S-type anion currents that increased several-fold upon stimulation with >3 mM nitrate. We identified a tandem amino acid residue motif that within the SLAC1 channels differs fundamentally between monocots and dicots. When the motif of nitrate-insensitive dicot Arabidopsis SLAC1 was replaced by the monocot signature, AtSLAC1 converted into a grass-type like nitrate-sensitive channel. Our work reveals a fundamental difference between monocot and dicot GCs and prompts questions into the selective pressures during evolution that resulted in fundamental changes in the regulation of SLAC1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Morten Egevang Jørgensen
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christof Lind
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina von Meyer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lautner
- Department of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Department of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Felder
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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45
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Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Gao J, Wang P, Hu T, Wang Z, Hou YJ, Wan Y, Liu W, Xie S, Lu T, Xue L, Liu Y, Macho AP, Tao WA, Bressan RA, Zhu JK. Arabidopsis Duodecuple Mutant of PYL ABA Receptors Reveals PYL Repression of ABA-Independent SnRK2 Activity. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3340-3351.e5. [PMID: 29898403 PMCID: PMC6085104 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone controlling responses to abiotic stresses and is sensed by proteins from the PYR/PYL/RCAR family. To explore the genetic contribution of PYLs toward ABA-dependent and ABA-independent processes, we generated and characterized high-order Arabidopsis mutants with mutations in the PYL family. We obtained a pyl quattuordecuple mutant and found that it was severely impaired in growth and failed to produce seeds. Thus, we carried out a detailed characterization of a pyl duodecuple mutant, pyr1pyl1/2/3/4/5/7/8/9/10/11/12. The duo-decuple mutant was extremely insensitive to ABA effects on seed germination, seedling growth, stomatal closure, leaf senescence, and gene expression. The activation of SnRK2 protein kinases by ABA was blocked in the duodecuple mutant, but, unexpectedly, osmotic stress activation of SnRK2s was enhanced. Our results demonstrate an important role of basal ABA signaling in growth, senescence, and abscission and reveal that PYLs antagonize ABA-independent activation of SnRK2s by osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhengjing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghui Gao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaan'xi 712100, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tao Hu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zegang Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yueh-Ju Hou
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yizhen Wan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tianjiao Lu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yajie Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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46
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Nguyen QTC, Lee SJ, Choi SW, Na YJ, Song MR, Hoang QTN, Sim SY, Kim MS, Kim JI, Soh MS, Kim SY. Arabidopsis Raf-Like Kinase Raf10 Is a Regulatory Component of Core ABA Signaling. Mol Cells 2019; 42:646-660. [PMID: 31480825 PMCID: PMC6776158 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone essential for seed development and seedling growth under unfavorable environmental conditions. The signaling pathway leading to ABA response has been established, but relatively little is known about the functional regulation of the constituent signaling components. Here, we present several lines of evidence that Arabidopsis Raf-like kinase Raf10 modulates the core ABA signaling downstream of signal perception step. In particular, Raf10 phosphorylates subclass III SnRK2s (SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, and SnRK2.6), which are key positive regulators, and our study focused on SnRK2.3 indicates that Raf10 enhances its kinase activity and may facilitate its release from negative regulators. Raf10 also phosphorylates transcription factors (ABI5, ABF2, and ABI3) critical for ABAregulted gene expression. Furthermore, Raf10 was found to be essential for the in vivo functions of SnRK2s and ABI5. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Raf10 is a novel regulatory component of core ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Thi Cam Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sun-ji Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Seo-wha Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Yeon-ju Na
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Mi-ran Song
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Quyen Thi Ngoc Hoang
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Seo Young Sim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Soh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006,
Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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47
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Righetto GL, Sriranganadane D, Halabelian L, Chiodi CG, Elkins JM, Massirer KB, Gileadi O, Menossi M, Couñago RM. The C-Terminal Domains SnRK2 Box and ABA Box Have a Role in Sugarcane SnRK2s Auto-Activation and Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1105. [PMID: 31620147 PMCID: PMC6759772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to drought stress is fundamental to plant survival and development. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the major hormones involved in different types of abiotic and biotic stress responses. ABA intracellular signaling has been extensively explored in Arabidopsis thaliana and occurs via a phosphorylation cascade mediated by three related protein kinases, denominated SnRK2s (SNF1-related protein kinases). However, the role of ABA signaling and the biochemistry of SnRK2 in crop plants remains underexplored. Considering the importance of the ABA hormone in abiotic stress tolerance, here we investigated the regulatory mechanism of sugarcane SnRK2s-known as stress/ABA-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). The crystal structure of ScSAPK10 revealed the characteristic SnRK2 family architecture, in which the regulatory SnRK2 box interacts with the kinase domain αC helix. To study sugarcane SnRK2 regulation, we produced a series of mutants for the protein regulatory domains SnRK2 box and ABA box. Mutations in ScSAPK8 SnRK2 box aimed at perturbing its interaction with the protein kinase domain reduced protein kinase activity in vitro. On the other hand, mutations to ScSAPK ABA box did not impact protein kinase activity but did alter the protein autophosphorylation pattern. Taken together, our results demonstrate that both SnRK2 and ABA boxes might play a role in sugarcane SnRK2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germanna Lima Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dev Sriranganadane
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carla G. Chiodi
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katlin B. Massirer
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Ruschhaupt M, Mergner J, Mucha S, Papacek M, Doch I, Tischer SV, Hemmler D, Chiasson D, Edel KH, Kudla J, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Kuster B, Grill E. Rebuilding core abscisic acid signaling pathways of Arabidopsis in yeast. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101859. [PMID: 31368592 PMCID: PMC6717914 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant responses to abiotic stress, such as drought and high osmotic conditions. The multitude of functionally redundant components involved in ABA signaling poses a major challenge for elucidating individual contributions to the response selectivity and sensitivity of the pathway. Here, we reconstructed single ABA signaling pathways in yeast for combinatorial analysis of ABA receptors and coreceptors, downstream‐acting SnRK2 protein kinases, and transcription factors. The analysis shows that some ABA receptors stimulate the pathway even in the absence of ABA and that SnRK2s are major determinants of ABA responsiveness by differing in the ligand‐dependent control. Five SnRK2s, including SnRK2.4 known to be active under osmotic stress in plants, activated ABA‐responsive transcription factors and were regulated by ABA receptor complexes in yeast. In the plant tissue, SnRK2.4 and ABA receptors competed for coreceptor interaction in an ABA‐dependent manner consistent with a tight integration of SnRK2.4 into the ABA signaling pathway. The study establishes the suitability of the yeast system for the dissection of core signaling cascades and opens up future avenues of research on ligand‐receptor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ruschhaupt
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mucha
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Papacek
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Isabel Doch
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie V Tischer
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Hemmler
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - David Chiasson
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany.,Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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49
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Benny J, Pisciotta A, Caruso T, Martinelli F. Identification of key genes and its chromosome regions linked to drought responses in leaves across different crops through meta-analysis of RNA-Seq data. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:194. [PMID: 31077147 PMCID: PMC6511156 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study is the first to provide RNA-Seq data analysis related to transcriptomic responses towards drought across different crops. The aim was to identify and map which genes play a key role in drought response on leaves across different crops. Forty-two RNA-seq samples were analyzed from 9 published studies in 7 plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, Zea mays, Vitis vinifera, Malus X domestica, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum). RESULTS Twenty-seven (16 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) drought-regulated genes were commonly present in at least 7 of 9 studies, while 351 (147 up-regulated and 204 down-regulated) were commonly drought-regulated in 6 of 9 studies. Across all kind of leaves, the drought repressed gene-ontologies were related to the cell wall and membrane re-structuring such as wax biosynthesis, cell wall organization, fatty acid biosynthesis. On the other hand, drought-up-regulated biological processes were related to responses to osmotic stress, abscisic acid, water deprivation, abscisic-activated signalling pathway, salt stress, hydrogen peroxide treatment. A common metabolic feature linked to drought response in leaves is the repression of terpenoid pathways. There was an induction of AL1 (alfin-like), UGKYAH (trihelix), WRKY20, homeobox genes and members of the SET domain family in 6 of 9 studies. Several genes involved in detoxifying and antioxidant reactions, signalling pathways and cell protection were commonly modulated by drought across the 7 species. The chromosome (Chr) mapping of these key abiotic stress genes highlighted that Chr 4 in Arabidopsis thaliana, Chr 1 in Zea mays, Chr 2 and Chr 5 in Triticum aestivum contained a higher presence of drought-related genes compared to the other remaining chromosomes. In seedling studies, it is worth notice the up-regulation of ERF4 and ESE3 (ethylene), HVA22 (abscisic acid), TIR1 (auxin) and some transcription factors (MYB3, MYB94, MYB1, WRKY53 and WRKY20). In mature leaves, ERF1 and Alfin-like 1 were induced by drought while other transcription factors (YABBY5, ARR2, TRFL2) and genes involved phospholipid biosynthesis were repressed. CONCLUSIONS The identified and mapped genes might be potential targets of molecular breeding activities to develop cultivars with enhanced drought resistance and tolerance across different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubina Benny
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019 Italy
| | - Antonino Pisciotta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019 Italy
| | - Tiziano Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019 Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019 Italy
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50
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Colina F, Amaral J, Carbó M, Pinto G, Soares A, Cañal MJ, Valledor L. Genome-wide identification and characterization of CKIN/SnRK gene family in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2019; 9:350. [PMID: 30674892 PMCID: PMC6344539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The SnRK (Snf1-Related protein Kinase) gene family plays an important role in energy sensing and stress-adaptive responses in plant systems. In this study, Chlamydomonas CKIN family (SnRK in Arabidopsis) was defined after a genome-wide analysis of all sequenced Chlorophytes. Twenty-two sequences were defined as plant SnRK orthologs in Chlamydomonas and classified into two subfamilies: CKIN1 and CKIN2. While CKIN1 subfamily is reduced to one conserved member and a close protein (CKIN1L), a large CKIN2 subfamily clusters both plant-like and algae specific CKIN2s. The responsiveness of these genes to abiotic stress situations was tested by RT-qPCR. Results showed that almost all elements were sensitive to osmotic stress while showing different degrees of sensibility to other abiotic stresses, as occurs in land plants, revealing their specialization and the family pleiotropy for some elements. The regulatory pathway of this family may differ from land plants since these sequences shows unique regulatory features and some of them are sensitive to ABA, despite conserved ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) and regulatory domains are not present in this species. Core Chlorophytes and land plant showed divergent stress signalling, but SnRKs/CKINs share the same role in cell survival and stress response and adaption including the accumulation of specific biomolecules. This fact places the CKIN family as well-suited target for bioengineering-based studies in microalgae (accumulation of sugars, lipids, secondary metabolites), while promising new findings in stress biology and specially in the evolution of ABA-signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Colina
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joana Amaral
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Carbó
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gloria Pinto
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu Soares
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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