1
|
Campoli C, Eskan M, McAllister T, Liu L, Shoesmith J, Prescott A, Ramsay L, Waugh R, McKim SM. A GDSL-motif Esterase/Lipase Affects Wax and Cutin Deposition and Controls Hull-Caryopsis Attachment in Barley. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:999-1013. [PMID: 38668634 PMCID: PMC11209556 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The cuticle covering aerial organs of land plants is well known to protect against desiccation. Cuticles also play diverse and specialized functions, including organ separation, depending on plant and tissue. Barley shows a distinctive cuticular wax bloom enriched in β-diketones on leaf sheaths, stem nodes and internodes and inflorescences. Barley also develops a sticky surface on the outer pericarp layer of its grain fruit leading to strongly adhered hulls, 'covered grain', important for embryo protection and seed dispersal. While the transcription factor-encoding gene HvNUDUM (HvNUD) appears essential for adherent hulls, little is understood about how the pericarp cuticle changes during adhesion or whether changes in pericarp cuticles contribute to another phenotype where hulls partially shed, called 'skinning'. To that end, we screened barley lines for hull adhesion defects, focussing on the Eceriferum (= waxless, cer) mutants. Here, we show that the cer-xd allele causes defective wax blooms and compromised hull adhesion, and results from a mutation removing the last 10 amino acids of the GDS(L) [Gly, Asp, Ser, (Leu)]-motif esterase/lipase HvGDSL1. We used severe and moderate HvGDSL1 alleles to show that complete HvGDSL1 function is essential for leaf blade cuticular integrity, wax bloom deposition over inflorescences and leaf sheaths and pericarp cuticular ridge formation. Expression data suggest that HvGDSL1 may regulate hull adhesion independently of HvNUD. We found high conservation of HvGDSL1 among barley germplasm, so variation in HvGDSL1 unlikely leads to grain skinning in cultivated barley. Taken together, we reveal a single locus which controls adaptive cuticular properties across different organs in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Campoli
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Mhmoud Eskan
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Trisha McAllister
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Linsan Liu
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Jennifer Shoesmith
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Alan Prescott
- DIF and Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD14HN, UK
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| | - Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Errol road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su R, Luo J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Liu X, Deng H, Lu X, Chen Q, Chen G, Tang W, Zhang G. GDSL Lipase Gene HTA1 Negatively Regulates Heat Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:592. [PMID: 38790697 PMCID: PMC11117967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperature is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and agricultural productivity. GDSL lipase is a hydrolytic enzyme with a conserved GDSL sequence at the N-terminus, which has various biological functions, such as participating in plant growth, development, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance. However, little is known about the function of the GDSL lipase gene in the heat tolerance of rice. Here, we characterized a lipase family protein coding gene HTA1, which was significantly induced by high temperature in rice. Rice seedlings in which the mutant hta1 was knocked out showed enhanced heat tolerance, whereas the overexpressing HTA1 showed more sensitivity to heat stress. Under heat stress, hta1 could reduce plant membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that mutant hta1 significantly activated gene expression in antioxidant enzymes, heat response, and defense. In conclusion, our results suggest that HTA1 negatively regulates heat stress tolerance by modulating the ROS accumulation and the expression of heat-responsive and defense-related genes in rice seedlings. This research will provide a valuable resource for utilizing HTA1 to improve crop heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jingkai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Huabing Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xuedan Lu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Wenbang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Guilian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China; (R.S.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (Q.C.); (G.C.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha 410000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Chen D, Tian J, Cao J, Xie K, He Y, Yuan M. OsGELP77, a QTL for broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice, encodes a GDSL-type lipase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1352-1371. [PMID: 38100249 PMCID: PMC11022805 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolites have essential roles in plant-pathogen interactions. GDSL-type lipases are involved in lipid metabolism modulating lipid homeostasis. Some plant GDSLs modulate lipid metabolism altering hormone signal transduction to regulate host-defence immunity. Here, we functionally characterized a rice lipase, OsGELP77, promoting both immunity and yield. OsGELP77 expression was induced by pathogen infection and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpression of OsGELP77 enhanced rice resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, while loss-of-function of osgelp77 showed susceptibility. OsGELP77 localizes to endoplasmic reticulum and is a functional lipase hydrolysing universal lipid substrates. Lipidomics analyses demonstrate that OsGELP77 is crucial for lipid metabolism and lipid-derived JA homeostasis. Genetic analyses confirm that OsGELP77-modulated resistance depends on JA signal transduction. Moreover, population genetic analyses indicate that OsGELP77 expression level is positively correlated with rice resistance against pathogens. Three haplotypes were classified based on nucleotide polymorphisms in the OsGELP77 promoter where OsGELP77Hap3 is an elite haplotype. Three OsGELP77 haplotypes are differentially distributed in wild and cultivated rice, while OsGELP77Hap3 has been broadly pyramided for hybrid rice development. Furthermore, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and resistance evaluation of the constructed near-isogenic line validated OsGELP77, a QTL for broad-spectrum disease resistance. In addition, OsGELP77-modulated lipid metabolism promotes JA accumulation facilitating grain yield. Notably, the hub defence regulator OsWRKY45 acts upstream of OsGELP77 by initiating the JA-dependent signalling to trigger immunity. Together, OsGELP77, a QTL contributing to immunity and yield, is a candidate for breeding broad-spectrum resistant and high-yielding rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaojing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jingjing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kabin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen LTD, Groth N, Mondloch K, Cahoon EB, Jones K, Busta L. Project ChemicalBlooms: Collaborating with citizen scientists to survey the chemical diversity and phylogenetic distribution of plant epicuticular wax blooms. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e588. [PMID: 38766509 PMCID: PMC11099751 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants use chemistry to overcome diverse challenges. A particularly striking chemical trait that some plants possess is the ability to synthesize massive amounts of epicuticular wax that accumulates on the plant's surfaces as a white coating visible to the naked eye. The ability to synthesize basic wax molecules appears to be shared among virtually all land plants, and our knowledge of ubiquitous wax compound synthesis is reasonably advanced. However, the ability to synthesize thick layers of visible epicuticular crystals ("wax blooms") is restricted to specific lineages, and our knowledge of how wax blooms differ from ubiquitous wax layers is less developed. Here, we recruited the help of citizen scientists and middle school students to survey the wax bloom chemistry of 78 species spanning dicot, monocot, and gymnosperm lineages. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that the major wax classes reported from bulk wax mixtures can be present in wax bloom crystals, with fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and alkanes being present in many species' bloom crystals. In contrast, other compounds including aldehydes, ketones, secondary alcohols, and triterpenoids were present in only a few species' wax bloom crystals. By mapping the 78 wax bloom chemical profiles onto a phylogeny and using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we found that secondary alcohol and triterpenoid-rich wax blooms were present in lineage-specific patterns that would not be expected to arise by chance. That finding is consistent with reports that secondary alcohol biosynthesis enzymes are found only in certain lineages but was a surprise for triterpenoids, which are intracellular components in virtually all plant lineages. Thus, our data suggest that a lineage-specific mechanism other than biosynthesis exists that enables select species to generate triterpenoid-rich surface wax crystals. Overall, our study outlines a general mode in which research scientists can collaborate with citizen scientists as well as middle and high school classrooms not only to enhance data collection and generate testable hypotheses but also to directly involve classrooms in the scientific process and inspire future STEM workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Dien Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Nicole Groth
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kylie Mondloch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Keith Jones
- McDonald County R‐1 School DistrictAndersonMissouriUSA
| | - Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye Q, Zhang L, Li Q, Ji Y, Zhou Y, Wu Z, Hu Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Zhang C. Genome and GWAS analysis identified genes significantly related to phenotypic state of Rhododendron bark. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae008. [PMID: 38487544 PMCID: PMC10939351 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
As an important horticultural plant, Rhododendron is often used in urban greening and landscape design. However, factors such as the high rate of genetic recombination, frequent outcrossing in the wild, weak linkage disequilibrium, and the susceptibility of gene expression to environmental factors limit further exploration of functional genes related to important horticultural traits, and make the breeding of new varieties require a longer time. Therefore, we choose bark as the target trait which is not easily affected by environmental factors, but also has ornamental properties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Rhododendron delavayi (30 samples), R. irroratum (30 samples) and their F1 generation R. agastum (200 samples) was conducted on the roughness of bark phenotypes. Finally, we obtained 2416.31 Gbp of clean data and identified 5 328 800 high-quality SNPs. According to the P-value and the degree of linkage disequilibrium of SNPs, we further identified 4 out of 11 candidate genes that affect bark roughness. The results of gene differential expression analysis further indicated that the expression levels of Rhdel02G0243600 and Rhdel08G0220700 in different bark phenotypes were significantly different. Our study identified functional genes that influence important horticultural traits of Rhododendron, and illustrated the powerful utility and great potential of GWAS in understanding and exploiting wild germplasm genetic resources of Rhododendron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Ye
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650000, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Haiyan Engineering & Technology Center, Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Technology, Jiaxing 314022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duan L, Wang F, Shen H, Xie S, Chen X, Xie Q, Li R, Cao A, Li H. Identification, evolution, and expression of GDSL-type Esterase/Lipase (GELP) gene family in three cotton species: a bioinformatic analysis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:795. [PMID: 38129780 PMCID: PMC10734139 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GDSL esterase/lipases (GELPs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Presently, an extensive and in-depth analysis of GELP family genes in cotton is still not clear enough, which greatly limits the further understanding of cotton GELP function and regulatory mechanism. RESULTS A total of 389 GELP family genes were identified in three cotton species of Gossypium hirsutum (193), G. arboreum (97), and G. raimondii (99). These GELPs could be classified into three groups and eight subgroups, with the GELPs in same group to have similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Evolutionary event analysis showed that the GELP family genes tend to be diversified at the spatial dimension and certain conservative at the time dimension, with a trend of potential continuous expansion in the future. The orthologous or paralogous GELPs among different genomes/subgenomes indicated the inheritance from genome-wide duplication during polyploidization, and the paralogous GELPs were derived from chromosomal segment duplication or tandem replication. GELP genes in the A/D subgenome underwent at least three large-scale replication events in the evolutionary process during the period of 0.6-3.2 MYA, with two large-scale evolutionary events between 0.6-1.8 MYA that were associated with tetraploidization, and the large-scale duplication between 2.6-9.1 MYA that occurred during diploidization. The cotton GELPs indicated diverse expression patterns in tissue development, ovule and fiber growth, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, combining the existing cis-elements in the promoter regions, suggesting the GELPs involvements of functions to be diversification and of the mechanisms to be a hormone-mediated manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding the function and regulatory mechanism of cotton GELP family, and offer an effective reference for in-depth genetic improvement utilization of cotton GELPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shuangquan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Aiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jolliffe JB, Pilati S, Moser C, Lashbrooke JG. Beyond skin-deep: targeting the plant surface for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6468-6486. [PMID: 37589495 PMCID: PMC10662250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The above-ground plant surface is a well-adapted tissue layer that acts as an interface between the plant and its surrounding environment. As such, its primary role is to protect against desiccation and maintain the gaseous exchange required for photosynthesis. Further, this surface layer provides a barrier against pathogens and herbivory, while attracting pollinators and agents of seed dispersal. In the context of agriculture, the plant surface is strongly linked to post-harvest crop quality and yield. The epidermal layer contains several unique cell types adapted for these functions, while the non-lignified above-ground plant organs are covered by a hydrophobic cuticular membrane. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying crop cuticle and epidermal cell formation, with focus placed on genetic elements contributing towards quality, yield, drought tolerance, herbivory defence, pathogen resistance, pollinator attraction, and sterility, while highlighting the inter-relatedness of plant surface development and traits. Potential crop improvement strategies utilizing this knowledge are outlined in the context of the recent development of new breeding techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bryanne Jolliffe
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Justin Graham Lashbrooke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erndwein L, Kawash J, Knowles S, Vorsa N, Polashock J. Cranberry fruit epicuticular wax benefits and identification of a wax-associated molecular marker. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:181. [PMID: 37020185 PMCID: PMC10074888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global climate changes, periods of abiotic stress throughout the North American cranberry growing regions will become more common. One consequence of high temperature extremes and drought conditions is sunscald. Scalding damages the developing berry and reduces yields through fruit tissue damage and/or secondary pathogen infection. Irrigation runs to cool the fruit is the primary approach to controlling sunscald. However, it is water intensive and can increase fungal-incited fruit rot. Epicuticular wax functions as a barrier to various environmental stresses in other fruit crops and may be a promising feature to mitigate sunscald in cranberry. In this study we assessed the function of epicuticular wax in cranberries to attenuate stresses associated with sunscald by subjecting high and low epicuticular wax cranberries to controlled desiccation and light/heat exposure. A cranberry population that segregates for epicuticular wax was phenotyped for epicuticular fruit wax levels and genotyped using GBS. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses of these data identified a locus associated with epicuticular wax phenotype. A SNP marker was developed in the QTL region to be used for marker assisted selection. RESULTS Cranberries with high epicuticular wax lost less mass percent and maintained a lower surface temperature following heat/light and desiccation experiments as compared to fruit with low wax. QTL analysis identified a marker on chromosome 1 at position 38,782,094 bp associated with the epicuticular wax phenotype. Genotyping assays revealed that cranberry selections homozygous for a selected SNP have consistently high epicuticular wax scores. A candidate gene (GL1-9), associated with epicuticular wax synthesis, was also identified near this QTL region. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high cranberry epicuticular wax load may help reduce the effects of heat/light and water stress: two primary contributors to sunscald. Further, the molecular marker identified in this study can be used in marker assisted selection to screen cranberry seedlings for the potential to have high fruit epicuticular wax. This work serves to advance the genetic improvement of cranberry crops in the face of global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Erndwein
- ORISE Postdoctoral Research Associate, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Joseph Kawash
- Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Sara Knowles
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - James Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiao Y, Long Y, Xu K, Zhao F, Zhao J, Li S, Geng S, Gao W, Sun P, Deng X, Chen Q, Li C, Qu Y. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Hub Genes for Fuzz Development in Gossypium hirsutum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:208. [PMID: 36672949 PMCID: PMC9858766 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuzzless Gossypium hirsutum mutants are ideal materials for investigating cotton fiber initiation and development. In this study, we used the fuzzless G. hirsutum mutant Xinluzao 50 FLM as the research material and combined it with other fuzzless materials for verification by RNA sequencing to explore the gene expression patterns and differences between genes in upland cotton during the fuzz period. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the metabolic process, microtubule binding, and other pathways. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that two modules of Xinluzao 50 and Xinluzao 50 FLM and four modules of CSS386 and Sicala V-2 were highly correlated with fuzz. We selected the hub gene with the highest KME value among the six modules and constructed an interaction network. In addition, we selected some genes with high KME values from the six modules that were highly associated with fuzz in the four materials and found 19 common differential genes produced by the four materials. These 19 genes are likely involved in the formation of fuzz in upland cotton. Several hub genes belong to the arabinogalactan protein and GDSL lipase, which play important roles in fiber development. According to the differences in expression level, 4 genes were selected from the 19 genes and tested for their expression level in some fuzzless materials. The modules, hub genes, and common genes identified in this study can provide new insights into the formation of fiber and fuzz, and provide a reference for molecular design breeding for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yilei Long
- Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Kaixiang Xu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jieyin Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Shiwei Geng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Wenju Gao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Xinjiang Kuitun Agricultural and Rural Bureau, KuiTun 833200, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Chunpin Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen G, Sun W, Chen Z, Shi L, Hong J, Shi J. Plant GDSL Esterases/Lipases: Evolutionary, Physiological and Molecular Functions in Plant Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040468. [PMID: 35214802 PMCID: PMC8880598 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
GDSL esterases/lipases (GELPs), present throughout all living organisms, have been a very attractive research subject in plant science due mainly to constantly emerging properties and functions in plant growth and development under both normal and stressful conditions. This review summarizes the advances in research on plant GELPs in several model plants and crops, including Arabidopsis, rice, maize and tomato, while focusing on the roles of GELPs in regulating plant development and plant-environment interactions. In addition, the possible regulatory network and mechanisms of GELPs have been discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiao C, Guo H, Tang J, Li J, Yao X, Hu H. Expression Pattern and Functional Analyses of Arabidopsis Guard Cell-Enriched GDSL Lipases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748543. [PMID: 34621289 PMCID: PMC8490726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There are more than 100 GDSL lipases in Arabidopsis, but only a few members have been functionally investigated. Moreover, no reports have ever given a comprehensive analysis of GDSLs in stomatal biology. Here, we systematically investigated the expression patterns of 19 putative Guard-cell-enriched GDSL Lipases (GGLs) at various developmental stages and in response to hormone and abiotic stress treatments. Gene expression analyses showed that these GGLs had diverse expression patterns. Fifteen GGLs were highly expressed in guard cells, with seven preferentially in guard cells. Most GGLs were localized in endoplasmic reticulum, and some were also localized in lipid droplets and nucleus. Some closely homologous GGLs exhibited similar expression patterns at various tissues and in response to hormone and abiotic stresses, or similar subcellular localization, suggesting the correlation of expression pattern and biological function, and the functional redundancy of GGLs in plant development and environmental adaptations. Further phenotypic identification of ggl mutants revealed that GGL7, GGL14, GGL22, and GGL26 played unique and redundant roles in stomatal dynamics, stomatal density and morphology, and plant water relation. The present study provides unique resources for functional insights into these GGLs to control stomatal dynamics and development, plant growth, and adaptation to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei C, Zhang R, Yue Z, Yan X, Cheng D, Li J, Li H, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yang J, Zhang X. The impaired biosynthetic networks in defective tapetum lead to male sterility in watermelon. J Proteomics 2021; 243:104241. [PMID: 33905954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterosis has been widely applied in watermelon breeding, because of the higher resistance and yield of hybrid. As the basis of heterosis utilization, genic male sterility (GMS) is an important tool for facilitating hybrid seed production, while the detailed mechanism in watermelon is still largely unknown. Here, we report a spontaneous mutant Se18 exhibited complete male sterility due to the uniquely multilayered tapetum and the un-meiotic pollen mother cells during pollen development. Using TMT based quantitative proteomic analyses, a total of 348 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected with the overwhelming majority down-regulated in mutant Se18. By analyzing the putative orthologs/homologs of Arabidopsis GMS related genes, the biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin and tryphine precursors were predictably altered in mutant compared to its sibling wild type. Moreover, the general phenylpropanoid pathway as well as its related metabolisms was also expectably impaired in mutant, coincident with the pale yellow petals. Notably, some key transcriptional factors regulating tapetum development, together with their down-regulated targets, offered potentially valuable candidates regarding of male sterility. Collectively, the disrupted regulatory networks underlying male sterility of watermelon was proposed, which provide novel insights into genetic mechanism of male reproductive process and rich gene resources for future research. SIGNIFICANCE: Watermelon is an importantly economical cucurbit crop worldwide, with high nutritional value. Although several male sterile mutants have been identified in watermelon, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly elucidated. Comparative cytological analysis revealed that the defective development of tapetum was responsible for male sterility in mutant Se18. Combined with the morphological comparison, male floral buds at 2.0-2.5 mm in diameter were confirmed with no obvious phenotypic differences but distinct cytological defects, which were in turn sampled for TMT based proteomic analyses. Referring to functionally characterized GMS related genes, the genetic pathway DYT1-TDF1-AMS-MS188-MS1 regulating tapetum development, together with some downstream targets, were considerably altered in mutant Se18. Moreover, enrichment analyses illustrated the general phenylpropanoid related metabolisms, as well as the biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin and tryphine precursors, were significantly disrupted in defective anther development. Collectively, the proposed regulatory networks in watermelon not only contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying male sterility, but also provide valuable GMS related candidates for future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Denghu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiayue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A co-opted steroid synthesis gene, maintained in sorghum but not maize, is associated with a divergence in leaf wax chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022982118. [PMID: 33723068 PMCID: PMC8000359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022982118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all above-ground plant surfaces, such as leaf and stem exteriors, are covered in a cuticle: a wax-infused polyester. This waxy biocomposite is the largest interface between Earth’s biosphere and atmosphere. Its chemical composition is not only highly tuned to mediate nonstomatal water loss, but it also self-assembles to produce superhydrophobic surfaces, protects against UV radiation, and contains bioactive compounds that help resist microbial attack. Developing fundamental knowledge of waxy biocomposites, particularly those on crop species, is a prerequisite for an understanding of their structure–function relationships. Here, we uncover a likely genetic basis for the presence and absence, respectively, of triterpenoids in the leaf waxes of sorghum and maize—compounds previously associated with creating heat-tolerant cuticular water barriers. Virtually all land plants are coated in a cuticle, a waxy polyester that prevents nonstomatal water loss and is important for heat and drought tolerance. Here, we describe a likely genetic basis for a divergence in cuticular wax chemistry between Sorghum bicolor, a drought tolerant crop widely cultivated in hot climates, and its close relative Zea mays (maize). Combining chemical analyses, heterologous expression, and comparative genomics, we reveal that: 1) sorghum and maize leaf waxes are similar at the juvenile stage but, after the juvenile-to-adult transition, sorghum leaf waxes are rich in triterpenoids that are absent from maize; 2) biosynthesis of the majority of sorghum leaf triterpenoids is mediated by a gene that maize and sorghum both inherited from a common ancestor but that is only functionally maintained in sorghum; and 3) sorghum leaf triterpenoids accumulate in a spatial pattern that was previously shown to strengthen the cuticle and decrease water loss at high temperatures. These findings uncover the possibility for resurrection of a cuticular triterpenoid-synthesizing gene in maize that could create a more heat-tolerant water barrier on the plant’s leaf surfaces. They also provide a fundamental understanding of sorghum leaf waxes that will inform efforts to divert surface carbon to intracellular storage for bioenergy and bioproduct innovations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Farmer A, Thibivilliers S, Ryu KH, Schiefelbein J, Libault M. Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing reveals the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression in Arabidopsis roots at the single-cell level. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:372-383. [PMID: 33422696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other complex organisms, plants consist of diverse and specialized cell types. The gain of unique biological functions of these different cell types is the consequence of the establishment of cell-type-specific transcriptional programs. As a necessary step in gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling plant gene expression, we report the use of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sNucRNA-seq) and single-nucleus assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (sNucATAC-seq) technologies on Arabidopsis roots. The comparison of our single-nucleus transcriptomes to the published protoplast transcriptomes validated the use of nuclei as biological entities to establish plant cell-type-specific transcriptomes. Furthermore, our sNucRNA-seq results uncovered the transcriptomes of additional cell subtypes not identified by single-cell RNA-seq. Similar to our transcriptomic approach, the sNucATAC-seq approach led to the distribution of the Arabidopsis nuclei into distinct clusters, suggesting the differential accessibility of chromatin between groups of cells according to their identity. To reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression, we integrated sNucRNA-seq and sNucATAC-seq data and demonstrated that cell-type-specific marker genes display cell-type-specific patterns of chromatin accessibility. Our data suggest that the differential chromatin accessibility is a critical mechanism to regulate gene activity at the cell-type level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Kook Hui Ryu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pan Z, Liu M, Zhao H, Tan Z, Liang K, Sun Q, Gong D, He H, Zhou W, Qiu F. ZmSRL5 is involved in drought tolerance by maintaining cuticular wax structure in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1895-1909. [PMID: 32965083 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a natural barrier on terrestrial plant organs, which protects plants from damages caused by a variety of stresses. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cuticular-wax-related gene, Zea mays L. SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 5 (ZmSRL5). The loss-of-function mutant srl5, which was created by a 3,745 bp insertion in the first intron that led to the premature transcript, exhibited abnormal wax crystal morphology and distribution, which, in turn, caused the pleiotropic phenotypes including increased chlorophyll leaching and water loss rate, decreased leaf temperature, sensitivity to drought, as well as semi-rolled mature leaves. However, total wax amounts showed no significant difference between wild type and semi-rolled leaf5 (srl5) mutant. The phenotype of srl5 was confirmed through the generation of two allelic mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. ZmSRL5 encodes a CASPARIAN-STRIP-MEMBRANE-DOMAIN-LIKE (CASPL) protein located in plasma membrane, and highly expressed in developing leaves. Further analysis showed that the expressions of the most wax related genes were not affected or slightly altered in srl5. This study, thus, primarily uncovers that ZmSRL5 is required for the structure formation of the cuticular wax and could increase the drought tolerance by maintaining the proper cuticular wax structure in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kun Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dianming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haijun He
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fazhan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang H, Wang M, Li Y, Yan W, Chang Z, Ni H, Chen Z, Wu J, Xu C, Deng XW, Tang X. GDSL esterase/lipases OsGELP34 and OsGELP110/OsGELP115 are essential for rice pollen development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1574-1593. [PMID: 32068333 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pollen exine contains complex biopolymers of aliphatic lipids and phenolics. Abnormal development of pollen exine often leads to plant sterility. Molecular mechanisms regulating exine formation have been studied extensively but remain ambiguous. Here we report the analyses of three GDSL esterase/lipase protein genes, OsGELP34, OsGELP110, and OsGELP115, for rice exine formation. OsGELP34 was identified by cloning of a male sterile mutant gene. OsGELP34 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein and was mainly expressed in anthers during pollen exine formation. osgelp34 mutant displayed abnormal exine and altered expression of a number of key genes required for pollen development. OsGELP110 was previously identified as a gene differentially expressed in meiotic anthers. OsGELP110 was most homologous to OsGELP115, and the two genes showed similar gene expression patterns. Both OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 proteins were localized in peroxisomes. Individual knockout of OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 did not affect the plant fertility, but double knockout of both genes altered the exine structure and rendered the plant male sterile. OsGELP34 is distant from OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 in sequence, and osgelp34 and osgelp110/osgelp115 mutants were different in anther morphology despite both were male sterile. These results suggested that OsGELP34 and OsGELP110/OsGELP115 catalyze different compounds for pollen exine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhenyi Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haoling Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chunjue Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hong WJ, Jiang X, Ahn HR, Choi J, Kim SR, Jung KH. Systematic Analysis of Cold Stress Response and Diurnal Rhythm Using Transcriptome Data in Rice Reveals the Molecular Networks Related to Various Biological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6872. [PMID: 32961678 PMCID: PMC7554834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple crop plant that is a major source of calories for approximately 50% of the human population, exhibits various physiological responses against temperature stress. These responses are known mechanisms of flexible adaptation through crosstalk with the intrinsic circadian clock. However, the molecular regulatory network underlining this crosstalk remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed systematic transcriptome data analyses to identify the genes involved in both cold stress responses and diurnal rhythmic patterns. Here, we first identified cold-regulated genes and then identified diurnal rhythmic genes from those (119 cold-upregulated and 346 cold-downregulated genes). We defined cold-responsive diurnal rhythmic genes as CD genes. We further analyzed the functional features of these CD genes through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses and performed a literature search to identify functionally characterized CD genes. Subsequently, we found that light-harvesting complex proteins involved in photosynthesis strongly associate with the crosstalk. Furthermore, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network encompassing four hub genes and analyzed the roles of the Stay-Green (SGR) gene in regulating crosstalk with sgr mutants. We predict that these findings will provide new insights in understanding the environmental stress response of crop plants against climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (W.-J.H.); (X.J.); (H.R.A.)
| | - Xu Jiang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (W.-J.H.); (X.J.); (H.R.A.)
| | - Hye Ryun Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (W.-J.H.); (X.J.); (H.R.A.)
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (W.-J.H.); (X.J.); (H.R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang D, Yang H, Wang X, Qiu Y, Tian L, Qi X, Qu LQ. Cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5 hydroxylates alkanes to primary alcohols and is involved in rice leaf cuticular wax synthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2094-2107. [PMID: 31618451 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Odd-numbered primary alcohols are components of plant cuticular wax, but their biosynthesis remains unknown. We isolated a rice wax crystal-sparse leaf 5 (WSL5) gene using a map-based cloning strategy. The function of WSL5 was illustrated by overexpression and knockout in rice, heterologous expression in Arabidopsis and transient expression in tobacco leaves. WSL5 is predicted to encode a cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5. The wsl5 mutant lacked crystalloid platelets on the surface of cuticle membrane, and its cuticle membrane was thicker than that of the wild-type. The wsl5 mutant is more tolerant to drought stress. The load of C23 -C33 alkanes increased, whereas the C29 primary alcohol reduced significantly in wsl5 mutant and WSL5 knockout transgenic plants. Overexpression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes in rice leaves. Heterologous expression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes, secondary alcohol, and ketone in Arabidopsis stem wax. Transient expression of WSL5 in tobacco leaves also increased the production C29 primary alcohol. WSL5 catalyzes the terminal hydroxylation of alkanes, yielding odd-numbered primary alcohols, and is involved in the formation of epidermal wax crystals on rice leaf, affecting drought sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yijian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Le Qing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Dai M, Cai D, Shi Z. Proteome and transcriptome profile analysis reveals regulatory and stress-responsive networks in the russet fruit skin of sand pear. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:16. [PMID: 32025319 PMCID: PMC6994700 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal tissues of the cuticular membrane (CM) and periderm membrane (PM) confer first-line protection from environmental stresses in terrestrial plants. Although PM protection is essentially ubiquitous in plants, the protective mechanism, the function of many transcription factors and enzymes, and the genetic control of metabolic signaling pathways are poorly understood. Different microphenotypes and cellular components in russet (PM-covered) and green (CM-covered) fruit skins of pear were revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The two types of fruit skins showed distinct phytohormone accumulation, and different transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. The enriched pathways were detected by differentially expressed genes and proteins from the two omics analyses. A detailed analysis of the suberin biosynthesis pathways identified the regulatory signaling network, highlighting the general mechanisms required for periderm formation in russet fruit skin. The regulation of aquaporins at the protein level should play an important role in the specialized functions of russet fruit skin and PM-covered plant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Meisong Dai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Danying Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zebin Shi
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
iTRAQ-Based Protein Profiling Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Light-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121024. [PMID: 31835383 PMCID: PMC6947405 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) flower color is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Light is one of the key environmental factors that affect the anthocyanin biosynthesis, but the deep molecular mechanism remains elusive. In our previous study, a series of light-induced structural and regulatory genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in the chrysanthemum were identified using RNA sequencing. In the present study, differentially expressed proteins that are in response to light with the capitulum development of the chrysanthemum 'Purple Reagan' were further identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique, and correlation between the proteomic and the transcriptomic libraries was analyzed. In general, 5106 raw proteins were assembled based on six proteomic libraries (three capitulum developmental stages × two light treatments). As many as 160 proteins were differentially expressed between the light and the dark libraries with 45 upregulated and 115 downregulated proteins in response to shading. Comparative analysis between the pathway enrichment and the gene expression patterns indicated that most of the proteins involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were downregulated after shading, which was consistent with the expression patterns of corresponding encoding genes; while five light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were initially downregulated after shading, and their expressions were enhanced with the capitulum development thereafter. As revealed by correlation analysis between the proteomic and the transcriptomic libraries, GDSL esterase APG might also play an important role in light signal transduction. Finally, a putative mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in the chrysanthemum was proposed. This study will help us to clearly identify light-induced proteins associated with flower color in the chrysanthemum and to enrich the complex mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis for use in cultivar breeding.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fang Y, Hou L, Zhang X, Pan J, Ren D, Zeng D, Guo L, Qian Q, Hu J, Xue D. Disruption of ζ-Carotene Desaturase Protein ALE1 Leads to Chloroplast Developmental Defects and Seedling Lethality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11607-11615. [PMID: 31560536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) is a key enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis and plays an important role in plant photosynthesis. We characterized an albino leaf-color mutant obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate treatment: albino and seedling lethality 1 (ale1). The material contains a chloroplast thylakoid defect where photosynthetic pigments declined and reactive oxygen species accumulated resulting in ale1 death within 3 weeks. Positional cloning and sequencing revealed that there was a single base substitution in ALE1, which encoded a ZDS involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. RNAi and complementation tests confirmed the identity of ALE1. Subcellular localization showed that the ALE1 protein is localized in the chloroplast. Expression analysis indicated that the genes involved in chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis were downregulated. We conclude that ALE1 plays an important role in chloroplast and plant growth in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Linlin Hou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiangjie Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kurokawa Y, Nagai K, Huan PD, Shimazaki K, Qu H, Mori Y, Toda Y, Kuroha T, Hayashi N, Aiga S, Itoh JI, Yoshimura A, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Ohta H, Shimojima M, Malik AI, Pedersen O, Colmer TD, Ashikari M. Rice leaf hydrophobicity and gas films are conferred by a wax synthesis gene (LGF1) and contribute to flood tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1558-1569. [PMID: 29498045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Floods impede gas (O2 and CO2 ) exchange between plants and the environment. A mechanism to enhance plant gas exchange under water comprises gas films on hydrophobic leaves, but the genetic regulation of this mechanism is unknown. We used a rice mutant (dripping wet leaf 7, drp7) which does not retain gas films on leaves, and its wild-type (Kinmaze), in gene discovery for this trait. Gene complementation was tested in transgenic lines. Functional properties of leaves as related to gas film retention and underwater photosynthesis were evaluated. Leaf Gas Film 1 (LGF1) was identified as the gene determining leaf gas films. LGF1 regulates C30 primary alcohol synthesis, which is necessary for abundant epicuticular wax platelets, leaf hydrophobicity and gas films on submerged leaves. This trait enhanced underwater photosynthesis 8.2-fold and contributes to submergence tolerance. Gene function was verified by a complementation test of LGF1 expressed in the drp7 mutant background, which restored C30 primary alcohol synthesis, wax platelet abundance, leaf hydrophobicity, gas film retention, and underwater photosynthesis. The discovery of LGF1 provides an opportunity to better understand variation amongst rice genotypes for gas film retention ability and to target various alleles in breeding for improved submergence tolerance for yield stability in flood-prone areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Phung Danh Huan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Crops Research and Development Institute, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Kousuke Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Huangqi Qu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Saori Aiga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma R, Yuan H, An J, Hao X, Li H. A Gossypium hirsutum GDSL lipase/hydrolase gene (GhGLIP) appears to be involved in promoting seed growth in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195556. [PMID: 29621331 PMCID: PMC5886685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GDSL lipase (GLIP) plays a pivotal role in plant cell growth as a multifunctional hydrolytic enzyme. Herein, a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Xuzhou 142) GDSL lipase gene (GhGLIP) was obtained from developing ovules and fibers. The GhGLIP cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,143 base pairs (bp) and encodes a putative polypeptide of 380 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment indicated that GhGLIP includes four enzyme catalytic amino acid residue sites of Ser (S), Gly (G), Asn (N) and His (H), located in four conserved blocks. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GhGLIP belongs to the typical class IV lipase family with potential functions in plant secondary metabolism. Subcellular distribution analysis demonstrated that GhGLIP localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. GhGLIP was expressed predominantly at 5-15 day post anthesis (dpa) in developing ovules and elongating fibers, measured as mRNA levels and enzyme activity. Ectopic overexpression of GhGLIP in Arabidopsis plants resulted in enhanced seed development, including length and fresh weight. Meanwhile, there was increased soluble sugar and protein storage in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, coupled with the promotion of lipase activity. Moreover, the expression of cotton GhGLIP is induced by ethylene (ETH) treatment in vitro. A 1,954-bp GhGLIP promoter was isolated and expressed high activity in driving green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression in tobacco leaves. Cis-acting element analysis of the GhGLIP promoter (pGhGLIP) indicated the presence of an ethylene-responsive element (ERE), and transgenic tobacco leaves with ectopic expression of pGhGLIP::GFP-GUS showed increased GUS activity after ETH treatment. In summary, these results suggest that GhGLIP is a functional enzyme involved in ovule and fiber development and performs significant roles in seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rendi Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hali Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing An
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alqudah AM, Youssef HM, Graner A, Schnurbusch T. Natural variation and genetic make-up of leaf blade area in spring barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:873-886. [PMID: 29350248 PMCID: PMC5852197 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GWAS analysis for leaf blade area (LA) revealed intriguing genomic regions associated with putatively novel QTL and known plant stature-related phytohormone and sugar-related genes. Despite long-standing studies in the morpho-physiological characters of leaf blade area (LA) in cereal crops, advanced genetic studies to explore its natural variation are lacking. The importance of modifying LA in improving cereal grain yield and the genes controlling leaf traits have been well studied in rice but not in temperate cereals. To better understand the natural genetic variation of LA at four developmental stages, main culm LA was measured from 215 worldwide spring barleys including 92 photoperiod-sensitive accessions [PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE LOCUS 1 (Ppd-H1)] and 123 accessions with reduced photoperiod sensitivity (ppd-H1) locus under controlled greenhouse conditions (long-day; 16/8 h; ~ 20/~ 16 °C day/night). The LA of Ppd-H1-carrying accessions was always smaller than in ppd-H1-carrying accessions. We found that nine SNPs from the Ppd-H1 gene were present in the collection of which marker 9 (M9; G/T in the CCT-domain) showed the most significant and consistent effect on LA at all studied developmental stages. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) showed that the accessions carrying the ppd-H1 allele T/M9 (late heading) possessed more genetic variation in LA than the Ppd-H1 group carrying G/M9 (early heading). Several QTL with major effects on LA variation were found close to plant stature-related heading time, phytohormone- and sugar-related genes. The results provide evidence that natural variation of LA is an important source for improving grain yield, adaptation and canopy architecture of temperate cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Alqudah
- HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Andreas Graner
- Research Group Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li WQ, Zhang MJ, Gan PF, Qiao L, Yang SQ, Miao H, Wang GF, Zhang MM, Liu WT, Li HF, Shi CH, Chen KM. CLD1/SRL1 modulates leaf rolling by affecting cell wall formation, epidermis integrity and water homeostasis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:904-923. [PMID: 28960566 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rolling is considered as one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding. It has been previously reported that SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 1 (SRL1) modulates leaf rolling by regulating the formation of bulliform cells in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the regulatory mechanism underlying SRL1 has yet to be further elucidated. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel leaf-rolling mutant, curled leaf and dwarf 1 (cld1), with multiple morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that CLD1 is allelic with SRL1, and loses function in cld1 through DNA methylation. CLD1/SRL1 encodes a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that modulates leaf rolling and other aspects of rice growth and development. The cld1 mutant exhibits significant decreases in cellulose and lignin contents in secondary cell walls of leaves, indicating that the loss of function of CLD1/SRL1 affects cell wall formation. Furthermore, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function leads to defective leaf epidermis such as bulliform-like epidermal cells. The defects in leaf epidermis decrease the water-retaining capacity and lead to water deficits in cld1 leaves, which contribute to the main cause of leaf rolling. As a result of the more rapid water loss and lower water content in leaves, cld1 exhibits reduced drought tolerance. Accordingly, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function causes abnormal expression of genes and proteins associated with cell wall formation, cuticle development and water stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional roles of CLD1/SRL1 in leaf-rolling regulation are closely related to the maintenance of cell wall formation, epidermal integrity and water homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mao-Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun-Hai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao M, Yin X, Yang W, Lam SM, Tong X, Liu J, Wang X, Li Q, Shui G, He Z. GDSL lipases modulate immunity through lipid homeostasis in rice. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006724. [PMID: 29131851 PMCID: PMC5703576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolites play important roles in plant-microbe interactions. Despite the extensive studies of lipases in lipid homeostasis and seed oil biosynthesis, the involvement of lipases in plant immunity remains largely unknown. In particular, GDSL esterases/lipases, characterized by the conserved GDSL motif, are a subfamily of lipolytic enzymes with broad substrate specificity. Here, we functionally identified two GDSL lipases, OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2, in rice immune responses. Expression of OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 was suppressed by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. OsGLIP1 was mainly expressed in leaf and leaf sheath, while OsGLIP2 showed high expression in elongating internodes. Biochemical assay demonstrated that OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 are functional lipases that could hydrolyze lipid substrates. Simultaneous down-regulation of OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 increased plant resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas disease resistance in OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 overexpression plants was significantly compromised, suggesting that both genes act as negative regulators of disease resistance. OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 proteins mainly localize to lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The proper cellular localization of OsGLIP proteins is indispensable for their functions in immunity. Comprehensive lipid profiling analysis indicated that the alteration of OsGLIP gene expression was associated with substantial changes of the levels of lipid species including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). We show that MGDG and DGDG feeding could attenuate disease resistance. Taken together, our study indicates that OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 negatively regulate rice defense by modulating lipid metabolism, thus providing new insights into the function of lipids in plant immunity. Lipases are a large family of enzymes conferring lipid metabolism. Lipids and their metabolites play diverse roles in plant growth as well as response to environmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence implicates lipids as signaling molecules mediating plant immunity. Therefore, lipases are presumed to be actively involved in plant defense responses. Based on gene expression profiling, we have identified two functional GDSL lipases, encoded by OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2, whose expression was suppressed by pathogen infection in the model cereal rice. Both OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 proteins localize to lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, and they likely coordinate lipid metabolism with differential but complementary expression patterns in tissues and developmental stages. Consequently, alteration of OsGLIP gene expression was associated with substantial changes of lipid abundance and plant disease resistance. Our work identifies and characterizes two lipases that function as negative regulators of plant immune responses, strengthening the understanding of lipid metabolism in plant-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Petit J, Bres C, Mauxion JP, Bakan B, Rothan C. Breeding for cuticle-associated traits in crop species: traits, targets, and strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5369-5387. [PMID: 29036305 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving crop productivity and quality while promoting sustainable agriculture have become major goals in plant breeding. The cuticle is a natural film covering the aerial organs of plants and consists of lipid polyesters covered and embedded with wax. The cuticle protects plants against water loss and pathogens and affects traits with strong impacts on crop quality such as, for horticultural crops, fruit brightness, cracking, russeting, netting, and shelf life. Here we provide an overview of the most important cuticle-associated traits that can be targeted for crop improvement. To date, most studies on cuticle-associated traits aimed at crop breeding have been done on fleshy fruits. Less information is available for staple crops such as rice, wheat or maize. Here we present new insights into cuticle formation and properties resulting from the study of genetic resources available for the various crop species. Our review also covers the current strategies and tools aimed at exploiting available natural and artificially induced genetic diversity and the technologies used to transfer the beneficial alleles affecting cuticle-associated traits to commercial varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Bres
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ingram G, Nawrath C. The roles of the cuticle in plant development: organ adhesions and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5307-5321. [PMID: 28992283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cuticles, which are composed of a variety of aliphatic molecules, impregnate epidermal cell walls forming diffusion barriers that cover almost all the aerial surfaces in higher plants. In addition to revealing important roles for cuticles in protecting plants against water loss and other environmental stresses and aggressions, mutants with permeable cuticles show major defects in plant development, such as abnormal organ formation as well as altered seed germination and viability. However, understanding the mechanistic basis for these developmental defects represents a significant challenge due to the pleiotropic nature of phenotypes and the altered physiological status/viability of some mutant backgrounds. Here we discuss both the basis of developmental phenotypes associated with defects in cuticle function and mechanisms underlying developmental processes that implicate cuticle modification. Developmental abnormalities in cuticle mutants originate at early developmental time points, when cuticle composition and properties are very difficult to measure. Nonetheless, we aim to extract principles from existing data in order to pinpoint the key cuticle components and properties required for normal plant development. Based on our analysis, we will highlight several major questions that need to be addressed and technical hurdles that need to be overcome in order to advance our current understanding of the developmental importance of plant cuticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li C, Chen G, Mishina K, Yamaji N, Ma JF, Yukuhiro F, Tagiri A, Liu C, Pourkheirandish M, Anwar N, Ohta M, Zhao P, Lundqvist U, Li X, Komatsuda T. A GDSL-motif esterase/acyltransferase/lipase is responsible for leaf water retention in barley. PLANT DIRECT 2017; 1:e00025. [PMID: 31245672 PMCID: PMC6508521 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle covers the surface of the most aerial organs of land plants. The barley mutant eceriferum-zv (cer-zv), which is hypersensitive to drought, is unable to accumulate a sufficient quantity of cutin in its leaf cuticle. The mutated locus has been mapped to a 0.02 cM segment in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 4H. As a map-based cloning approach to isolate the gene was therefore considered unlikely to be feasible, a comparison was instead made between the transcriptomes of the mutant and the wild type. In conjunction with extant genomic information, on the basis of predicted functionality, only two genes were considered likely to encode a product associated with cutin formation. When eight independent cer-zv mutant alleles were resequenced with respect to the two candidate genes, it was confirmed that the gene underlying the mutation in each allele encodes a Gly-Asp-Ser-Leu (GDSL)-motif esterase/acyltransferase/lipase. The gene was transcribed in the epidermis, and its product was exclusively deposited in cell wall at the boundary of the cuticle in the leaf elongation zone, coinciding with the major site of cutin deposition. CER-ZV is speculated to function in the deposition of cutin polymer. Its homologs were found in green algae, moss, and euphyllophytes, indicating that it is highly conserved in plant kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and ResourcesShanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid RegionsGansu ProvinceChina
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Kohei Mishina
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Institute of Crop ScienceNAROKannondaiTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiJapan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityKurashikiJapan
| | - Fumiko Yukuhiro
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Crop Research InstituteShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi'nanChina
| | - Mohammad Pourkheirandish
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentPlant Breeding InstituteThe University of SydneyCobbittyNSWAustralia
| | - Nadia Anwar
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Masaru Ohta
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Institute of Crop ScienceNAROKannondaiTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Pengshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid RegionsGansu ProvinceChina
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | | | - Xinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid RegionsGansu ProvinceChina
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental StationNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Institute of Crop ScienceNAROKannondaiTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xue D, Zhang X, Lu X, Chen G, Chen ZH. Molecular and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Cuticular Wax for Plant Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:621. [PMID: 28503179 PMCID: PMC5408081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax, the first protective layer of above ground tissues of many plant species, is a key evolutionary innovation in plants. Cuticular wax safeguards the evolution from certain green algae to flowering plants and the diversification of plant taxa during the eras of dry and adverse terrestrial living conditions and global climate changes. Cuticular wax plays significant roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and has been implicated in defense mechanisms against excessive ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, bacterial and fungal pathogens, insects, high salinity, and low temperature. Drought, a major type of abiotic stress, poses huge threats to global food security and health of terrestrial ecosystem by limiting plant growth and crop productivity. The composition, biochemistry, structure, biosynthesis, and transport of plant cuticular wax have been reviewed extensively. However, the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of cuticular wax in plants in response to drought stress are still lacking. In this review, we focus on potential mechanisms, from evolutionary, molecular, and physiological aspects, that control cuticular wax and its roles in plant drought tolerance. We also raise key research questions and propose important directions to be resolved in the future, leading to potential applications of cuticular wax for water use efficiency in agricultural and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei Xue, Zhong-Hua Chen,
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Dawei Xue, Zhong-Hua Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu X, Xiao L, Feng J, Chen N, Chen Y, Song B, Xue K, Shi S, Zhou Y, Jenks MA. Cuticle lipids on heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. growing in riparian habitats differing in available soil moisture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:318-330. [PMID: 27184005 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Populus euphratica is an important native tree found in arid regions from North Africa and South Europe to China, and is known to tolerate many forms of environmental stress, including drought. We describe cuticle waxes, cutin and cuticle permeability for the heteromorphic leaves of P. euphratica growing in two riparian habitats that differ in available soil moisture. Scanning electron microscopy revealed variation in epicuticular wax crystallization associated with leaf type and site. P. euphratica leaves are dominated by cuticular wax alkanes, primary-alcohols and fatty acids. The major cutin monomers were 10,16-diOH C16:0 acids. Broad-ovate leaves (associated with adult phase growth) produced 1.3- and 1.6-fold more waxes, and 2.1- and 0.9-fold more cutin monomers, than lanceolate leaves (associated with juvenile phase growth) at the wetter site and drier site, respectively. The alkane-synthesis-associated ECERIFERUM1 (CER1), as well as ABC transporter- and elongase-associated genes, were expressed at much higher levels at the drier than wetter sites, indicating their potential function in elevating leaf cuticle lipids in the dry site conditions. Higher cuticle lipid amounts were closely associated with lower cuticle permeability (both chlorophyll efflux and water loss). Our results implicate cuticle lipids as among the xeromorphic traits associated with P. euphratica adult-phase broad-ovate leaves. Results here provide useful information for protecting natural populations of P. euphratica and their associated ecosystems, and shed new light on the functional interaction of cuticle and leaf heterophylly in adaptation to more arid, limited-moisture environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Ningmei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Buerbatu Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Sha Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Matthew A Jenks
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou W, Wang Y, Wu Z, Luo L, Liu P, Yan L, Hou S. Homologs of SCAR/WAVE complex components are required for epidermal cell morphogenesis in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4311-23. [PMID: 27252469 PMCID: PMC5301933 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous actins (F-actins) play a vital role in epidermal cell morphogenesis. However, a limited number of studies have examined actin-dependent leaf epidermal cell morphogenesis events in rice. In this study, two recessive mutants were isolated: less pronounced lobe epidermal cell2-1 (lpl2-1) and lpl3-1, whose leaf and stem epidermis developed a smooth surface, with fewer serrated pavement cell (PC) lobes, and decreased papillae. The lpl2-1 also exhibited irregular stomata patterns, reduced plant height, and short panicles and roots. Molecular genetic studies demonstrated that LPL2 and LPL3 encode the PIROGI/Specifically Rac1-associated protein 1 (PIR/SRA1)-like and NCK-associated protein 1 (NAP1)-like proteins, respectively, two components of the suppressor of cAMP receptor/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-family verprolin-homologous protein (SCAR/WAVE) regulatory complex involved in actin nucleation and function. Epidermal cells exhibited abnormal arrangement of F-actins in both lpl2 and lpl3 expanding leaves. Moreover, the distorted trichomes of Arabidopsis pir could be partially restored by an overexpression of LPL2 A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that LPL2 can directly interact with LPL3 in vitro Collectively, the results indicate that LPL2 and LPL3 are two functionally conserved homologs of the SCAR/WAVE complex components, and that they play an important role in controlling epidermal cell morphogenesis in rice by organising F-actin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhongliang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Longfeng Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Garroum I, Bidzinski P, Daraspe J, Mucciolo A, Humbel BM, Morel JB, Nawrath C. Cuticular Defects in Oryza sativa ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G31 Mutant Plants Cause Dwarfism, Elevated Defense Responses and Pathogen Resistance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1179-88. [PMID: 27121976 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle covers the surface of the polysaccharide cell wall of leaf epidermal cells and forms an essential diffusion barrier between plant and environment. Homologs of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter AtABCG32/HvABCG31 clade are necessary for the formation of a functional cuticle in both monocots and dicots. Here we characterize the osabcg31 knockout mutant and hairpin RNA interference (RNAi)-down-regulated OsABCG31 plant lines having reduced plant growth and a permeable cuticle. The reduced content of cutin in leaves and structural alterations in the cuticle and at the cuticle-cell wall interface in plants compromised in OsABCG31 expression explain the cuticle permeability. Effects of modifications of the cuticle on plant-microbe interactions were evaluated. The cuticular alterations in OsABCG31-compromised plants did not cause deficiencies in germination of the spores or the formation of appressoria of Magnaporthe oryzae on the leaf surface, but a strong reduction of infection structures inside the plant. Genes involved in pathogen resistance were constitutively up-regulated in OsABCG31-compromised plants, thus being a possible cause of the resistance to M. oryzae and the dwarf growth phenotype. The findings show that in rice an abnormal cuticle formation may affect the signaling of plant growth and defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imène Garroum
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Bidzinski
- INRA, UMR-BGPI TA A-54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Present address: INRA, SupAgro, UMR-BPMP, Bat. 7, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean Daraspe
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- INRA, UMR-BGPI TA A-54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu Y, Wu H, Zhao M, Wu W, Xu Y, Gu D. Overexpression of the Transcription Factors GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Differentially Regulates Wax and Cutin Biosynthesis, Alters Cuticle Properties, and Changes Leaf Phenotypes in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E587. [PMID: 27110768 PMCID: PMC4849042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SHINE (SHN/WIN) clade proteins, transcription factors of the plant-specific APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive element binding factor (AP2/ERF) family, have been proven to be involved in wax and cutin biosynthesis. Glycine max is an important economic crop, but its molecular mechanism of wax biosynthesis is rarely characterized. In this study, 10 homologs of Arabidopsis SHN genes were identified from soybean. These homologs were different in gene structures and organ expression patterns. Constitutive expression of each of the soybean SHN genes in Arabidopsis led to different leaf phenotypes, as well as different levels of glossiness on leaf surfaces. Overexpression of GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 in Arabidopsis exhibited 7.8-fold and 9.9-fold up-regulation of leaf cuticle wax productions, respectively. C31 and C29 alkanes contributed most to the increased wax contents. Total cutin contents of leaves were increased 11.4-fold in GmSHN1 overexpressors and 5.7-fold in GmSHN9 overexpressors, mainly through increasing C16:0 di-OH and dioic acids. GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 also altered leaf cuticle membrane ultrastructure and increased water loss rate in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Transcript levels of many wax and cutin biosynthesis and leaf development related genes were altered in GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 overexpressors. Overall, these results suggest that GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 may differentially regulate the leaf development process as well as wax and cutin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hanying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yinong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Dan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Prinsi B, Negri AS, Quattrocchio FM, Koes RE, Espen L. Proteomics of red and white corolla limbs in petunia reveals a novel function of the anthocyanin regulator ANTHOCYANIN1 in determining flower longevity. J Proteomics 2016; 131:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
36
|
Li C, Liu C, Ma X, Wang A, Duan R, Nawrath C, Komatsuda T, Chen G. Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity. BREEDING SCIENCE 2015; 65:327-32. [PMID: 26366115 PMCID: PMC4542933 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker AK370363 and AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Aidong Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne,
Lausanne CH-1015,
Switzerland
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Ouyang J, Wang YY, Hu R, Xia K, Duan J, Wang Y, Tsay YF, Zhang M. Disruption of the rice nitrate transporter OsNPF2.2 hinders root-to-shoot nitrate transport and vascular development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9635. [PMID: 25923512 PMCID: PMC5386202 DOI: 10.1038/srep09635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved to express some members of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) to uptake and transport nitrate. However, little is known of the physiological and functional roles of this family in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we characterized the vascular specific transporter OsNPF2.2. Functional analysis using cDNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that OsNPF2.2 is a low-affinity, pH-dependent nitrate transporter. Use of a green fluorescent protein tagged OsNPF2.2 showed that the transporter is located in the plasma membrane in the rice protoplast. Expression analysis showed that OsNPF2.2 is nitrate inducible and is mainly expressed in parenchyma cells around the xylem. Disruption of OsNPF2.2 increased nitrate concentration in the shoot xylem exudate when nitrate was supplied after a deprivation period; this result suggests that OsNPF2.2 may participate in unloading nitrate from the xylem. Under steady-state nitrate supply, the osnpf2.2 mutants maintained high levels of nitrate in the roots and low shoot:root nitrate ratios; this observation suggests that OsNPF2.2 is involved in root-to-shoot nitrate transport. Mutation of OsNPF2.2 also caused abnormal vasculature and retarded plant growth and development. Our findings demonstrate that OsNPF2.2 can unload nitrate from the xylem to affect the root-to-shoot nitrate transport and plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Rice Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Extracellular esterases of phylloplane yeast Pseudozyma antarctica induce defect on cuticle layer structure and water-holding ability of plant leaves. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6405-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
39
|
Putative megaenzyme DWA1 plays essential roles in drought resistance by regulating stress-induced wax deposition in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17790-5. [PMID: 24127586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316412110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop production. Cuticular wax plays an important role in preventing water loss from drought stress. However, the genetic control of cuticular wax deposition under drought stress conditions has not been characterized. Here, we identified a rice gene Drought-Induced Wax Accumulation 1 (DWA1) encoding a very large protein (2,391 aa in length) containing multiple enzymatic structures, including an oxidoreductase-like domain; a prokaryotic nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like module, including an AMP-binding domain; and an allene oxide synthase-like domain. This previously unreported putative megaenzyme is conserved in vascular plants. A dwa1 KO mutant was highly sensitive to drought stress relative to the WT. DWA1 was preferentially expressed in vascular tissues and epidermal layers and strongly induced by drought stress. The dwa1 mutant was impaired in cuticular wax accumulation under drought stress, which significantly altered the cuticular wax composition of the plant, resulting in increased drought sensitivity. The mutant had reduced levels of very-long-chain fatty acids, and plants overexpressing DWA1 showed elevated levels of very-long-chain fatty acids relative to the WT. The expression of many wax-related genes was significantly suppressed in dwa1 under drought conditions. The AMP-binding domain exhibited in vitro enzymatic activity in activating long-chain fatty acids to form acyl-CoA. Our results suggest that DWA1 controls drought resistance by regulating drought-induced cuticular wax deposition in rice. This finding may have significant implications for improving the drought resistance of crop varieties.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fang Z, Xia K, Yang X, Grotemeyer MS, Meier S, Rentsch D, Xu X, Zhang M. Altered expression of the PTR/NRT1 homologue OsPTR9 affects nitrogen utilization efficiency, growth and grain yield in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:446-58. [PMID: 23231455 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The plant PTR/NRT1 (peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1) gene family comprises di/tripeptide and low-affinity nitrate transporters; some members also recognize other substrates such as carboxylates, phytohormones (auxin and abscisic acid), or defence compounds (glucosinolates). Little is known about the members of this gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we report the influence of altered OsPTR9 expression on nitrogen utilization efficiency, growth, and grain yield. OsPTR9 expression is regulated by exogenous nitrogen and by the day-night cycle. Elevated expression of OsPTR9 in transgenic rice plants resulted in enhanced ammonium uptake, promotion of lateral root formation and increased grain yield. On the other hand, down-regulation of OsPTR9 in a T-DNA insertion line (osptr9) and in OsPTR9-RNAi rice plants had the opposite effect. These results suggest that OsPTR9 might hold potential for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency and grain yield in rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li C, Wang A, Ma X, Pourkheirandish M, Sakuma S, Wang N, Ning S, Nevo E, Nawrath C, Komatsuda T, Chen G. An eceriferum locus, cer-zv, is associated with a defect in cutin responsible for water retention in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:637-46. [PMID: 23124432 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought limits plant growth and threatens crop productivity. A barley (Hordeum vulgare) ethylene imine-induced monogenic recessive mutant cer-zv, which is sensitive to drought, was characterized and genetically mapped in the present study. Detached leaves of cer-zv lost 34.2 % of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration. The transpiration was much higher in cer-zv leaves than in wild-type leaves under both light and dark conditions. The stomata of cer-zv leaves functioned normally, but the cuticle of cer-zv leaves showed increased permeability to ethanol and toluidine blue dye. There was a 50-90 % reduction in four major cutin monomers, but no reduction in wax loads was found in the cer-zv mutant as compared with the wild type. Two F(2) mapping populations were established by the crosses of 23-19 × cer-zv and cer-zv × OUH602. More polymorphisms were found in EST sequences between cer-zv and OUH602 than between cer-zv and 23-19. cer-zv was located in a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H in a 10.8 cM interval in the 23-19 × cer-zv map based on 186 gametes tested and a 1.7 cM interval in the cer-zv × OUH602 map based on 176 gametes tested. It co-segregated with EST marker AK251484 in both maps. The results indicated that the cer-zv mutant is defective in cutin, which might be responsible for the increased transpiration rate and drought sensitivity, and that the F(2) of cer-zv × OUH602 might better facilitate high resolution mapping of cer-zv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chepyshko H, Lai CP, Huang LM, Liu JH, Shaw JF. Multifunctionality and diversity of GDSL esterase/lipase gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica) genome: new insights from bioinformatics analysis. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:309. [PMID: 22793791 PMCID: PMC3412167 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GDSL esterases/lipases are a newly discovered subclass of lipolytic enzymes that are very important and attractive research subjects because of their multifunctional properties, such as broad substrate specificity and regiospecificity. Compared with the current knowledge regarding these enzymes in bacteria, our understanding of the plant GDSL enzymes is very limited, although the GDSL gene family in plant species include numerous members in many fully sequenced plant genomes. Only two genes from a large rice GDSL esterase/lipase gene family were previously characterised, and the majority of the members remain unknown. In the present study, we describe the rice OsGELP (Oryza sativa GDSL esterase/lipase protein) gene family at the genomic and proteomic levels, and use this knowledge to provide insights into the multifunctionality of the rice OsGELP enzymes. RESULTS In this study, an extensive bioinformatics analysis identified 114 genes in the rice OsGELP gene family. A complete overview of this family in rice is presented, including the chromosome locations, gene structures, phylogeny, and protein motifs. Among the OsGELPs and the plant GDSL esterase/lipase proteins of known functions, 41 motifs were found that represent the core secondary structure elements or appear specifically in different phylogenetic subclades. The specification and distribution of identified putative conserved clade-common and -specific peptide motifs, and their location on the predicted protein three dimensional structure may possibly signify their functional roles. Potentially important regions for substrate specificity are highlighted, in accordance with protein three-dimensional model and location of the phylogenetic specific conserved motifs. The differential expression of some representative genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The phylogenetic analysis, together with protein motif architectures, and the expression profiling were analysed to predict the possible biological functions of the rice OsGELP genes. CONCLUSIONS Our current genomic analysis, for the first time, presents fundamental information on the organization of the rice OsGELP gene family. With combination of the genomic, phylogenetic, microarray expression, protein motif distribution, and protein structure analyses, we were able to create supported basis for the functional prediction of many members in the rice GDSL esterase/lipase family. The present study provides a platform for the selection of candidate genes for further detailed functional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Chepyshko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402, ROC
| | - Chia-Ping Lai
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Far East University, Tainan, Taiwan, 74448, ROC
| | - Li-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 701, ROC
| | - Jyung-Hurng Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402, ROC
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 84001, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taiwan, 115, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Beisson F, Li-Beisson Y, Pollard M. Solving the puzzles of cutin and suberin polymer biosynthesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:329-37. [PMID: 22465132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutin and suberin are insoluble lipid polymers that provide critical barrier functions to the cell wall of certain plant tissues, including the epidermis, endodermis and periderm. Genes that are specific to the biosynthesis of cutins and/or aliphatic suberins have been identified, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana. They notably encode acyltransferases, oxidases and transporters, which may have either well-defined or more debatable biochemical functions. However, despite these advances, important aspects of cutin and suberin synthesis remain obscure. Central questions include whether fatty acyl monomers or oligomers are exported, and the extent of extracellular assembly and attachment to the cell wall. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on chemistry and biochemistry will be required to solve these unknowns and link structure with function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Beisson
- Department of Environmental Plant Biology and Microbiology, CEA/CNRS/Aix-Marseille University, IBEB/UMR, Cadarache, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hamada S, Hasegawa Y, Suzuki Y. Identification of a GDSL-motif carboxylester hydrolase from rice bran (Oryza sativa L.). J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
45
|
Tillett RL, Wheatley MD, Tattersall EA, Schlauch KA, Cramer GR, Cushman JC. The Vitis vinifera C-repeat binding protein 4 (VvCBF4) transcriptional factor enhances freezing tolerance in wine grape. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:105-24. [PMID: 21914113 PMCID: PMC4357522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chilling and freezing can reduce significantly vine survival and fruit set in Vitis vinifera wine grape. To overcome such production losses, a recently identified grapevine C-repeat binding factor (CBF) gene, VvCBF4, was overexpressed in grape vine cv. 'Freedom' and found to improve freezing survival and reduced freezing-induced electrolyte leakage by up to 2 °C in non-cold-acclimated vines. In addition, overexpression of this transgene caused a reduced growth phenotype similar to that observed for CBF overexpression in Arabidopsis and other species. Both freezing tolerance and reduced growth phenotypes were manifested in a transgene dose-dependent manner. To understand the mechanistic basis of VvCBF4 transgene action, one transgenic line (9-12) was genotyped using microarray-based mRNA expression profiling. Forty-seven and 12 genes were identified in unstressed transgenic shoots with either a >1.5-fold increase or decrease in mRNA abundance, respectively. Comparison of mRNA changes with characterized CBF regulons in woody and herbaceous species revealed partial overlaps, suggesting that CBF-mediated cold acclimation responses are widely conserved. Putative VvCBF4-regulon targets included genes with functions in cell wall structure, lipid metabolism, epicuticular wax formation and stress-responses suggesting that the observed cold tolerance and dwarf phenotypes are the result of a complex network of diverse functional determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Tillett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | - Matthew D. Wheatley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | - Elizabeth A.R. Tattersall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | - Karen A. Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramamoorthy R, Jiang SY, Ramachandran S. Oryza sativa cytochrome P450 family member OsCYP96B4 reduces plant height in a transcript dosage dependent manner. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28069. [PMID: 22140509 PMCID: PMC3225389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant cytochromes P450 are involved in a wide range of biosynthetic reactions and play various roles in plant development. However, little is known about the biological functions of the subfamily CYP96 in plants. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report a novel semi-dwarf rice mutant, in which a single copy of transposon dissociator (Ds) was inserted into the gene OsCYP96B4 (Oryza sativa Cytochrome P450 96B4). The mutant exhibits the defects in cell elongation and pollen germination, which can be complemented by the wild type OsCYP96B4 and be rescued by remobilization of the Ds element with the presence of the transposase Activator (Ac). Transgenic plants harboring OsCYP96B4 double-stranded RNA interference construct mimicked the mutant phenotype. The oscyp96b4 mutant phenotype could not be rescued by all the tested phytohormones and it was found that OsCYP96B4 reduced plant height in a transcript dosage dependent manner. Heterologous expression of OsCYP96B4 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe resulted in missegregation and wider cells. Further investigation showed that the mutant exhibited the defects in the metabolism of some lipid molecular species when compared with the wild type. Conclusions/Significance The oscyp96b4 mutant is a novel rice semi-dwarf mutant. Our data suggest that OsCYP96B4 might be involved in lipid metabolism and regulate cell elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Ramamoorthy
- Rice Functional Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu-Ye Jiang
- Rice Functional Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (SYJ); (SR)
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Rice Functional Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (SYJ); (SR)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
An ATP-binding cassette subfamily G full transporter is essential for the retention of leaf water in both wild barley and rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12354-9. [PMID: 21737747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108444108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Land plants have developed a cuticle preventing uncontrolled water loss. Here we report that an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G (ABCG) full transporter is required for leaf water conservation in both wild barley and rice. A spontaneous mutation, eibi1.b, in wild barley has a low capacity to retain leaf water, a phenotype associated with reduced cutin deposition and a thin cuticle. Map-based cloning revealed that Eibi1 encodes an HvABCG31 full transporter. The gene was highly expressed in the elongation zone of a growing leaf (the site of cutin synthesis), and its gene product also was localized in developing, but not in mature tissue. A de novo wild barley mutant named "eibi1.c," along with two transposon insertion lines of rice mutated in the ortholog of HvABCG31 also were unable to restrict water loss from detached leaves. HvABCG31 is hypothesized to function as a transporter involved in cutin formation. Homologs of HvABCG31 were found in green algae, moss, and lycopods, indicating that this full transporter is highly conserved in the evolution of land plants.
Collapse
|