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Ungvari Z, Fekete M, Fekete JT, Grosso G, Ungvari A, Győrffy B. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its protective effects against colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 26 studies with 2,217,404 participants. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01296-9. [PMID: 39090501 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern and represents a significant public health challenge in Hungary, where it exhibits some of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the European Union. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested to reduce the incidence of CRC, but comprehensive evidence from diverse study designs is needed to substantiate this effect. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL, and the Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials and human clinical trials from 2008 to 2024 to identify relevant studies. Statistical analysis was performed using the https://metaanalysisonline.com web application using a random effects model to estimate the pooled hazard rates (HRs). Forest plots, funnel plots, and Z-score plots were utilized to visualize results. We identified 15 clinical trials and 9 case-control studies, encompassing a total of 2,217,404 subjects. The pooled analysis indicated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet significantly reduced the prevalence of CRC (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.78-0.91, p < 0.01). This protective effect was consistent across sexes, with HRs of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.75-0.97, p = 0.01) for males and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.79-0.99, p = 0.03) for females. Case-control studies specifically showed a substantial effect (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.38-0.68, p < 0.01). Notable heterogeneity was observed across studies, yet the a priori information size was substantially below the cumulative sample size, ensuring sufficient data for reliable conclusions. The findings from this meta-analysis reinforce the protective role of the Mediterranean diet against CRC. The results of this meta-analysis will inform dietary interventions designed to mitigate CRC risk, which are conducted within the framework of the Semmelweis Study, an ongoing comprehensive cohort study at Semmelweis University, designed to explore the multifaceted causes of unhealthy aging in Hungary. These interventions aim to explore the practical application of Mediterranean dietary patterns in reducing CRC incidence among the Hungarian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Fekete
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary
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Zhou Y, Huang L, Liu S, Zhao M, Liu J, Lin L, Liu K. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of IAA-induced antioxidant defense and cell wall metabolism in postharvest mango fruit. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113504. [PMID: 37986499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mango fruit tend to oxidize and senescence rapidly after harvesting, significantly reducing their commercial value. This study investigated the effect of exogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on fruit quality, antioxidant system, and cell wall metabolism of mango fruit during storage. The results showed that the 1.0 mM IAA treatment delayed weight loss and maintained the firmness, pH and contents of total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) of the mango fruit. The 1.0 mM IAA treatment increased the peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities and the ascorbic acid (AsA) and total phenols (TP) contents but decreased the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in postharvest mango fruit. Moreover, beta-galactosidase (β-Gal) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were increased, but the pectinesterase (PME) activity was decreased in the IAA-treated fruit. Transcriptome analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the IAA vs. control groups were mainly associated with oxidative stress responses, cell wall metabolism, and transcription factors (TFs). The IAA treatment upregulated the antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT1, PODs, GSTs, Prxs, and Trxs) and MYB TFs, and downregulated cell wall metabolism-related genes (PG, PME31 and two PME63) and 11 ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERFs). These results suggested that exogenous IAA could improve the antioxidant system and maintain the storage quality of mango fruit by regulating gene expression and metabolic pathways. The results provide insights into the mechanisms involved in IAA-mediated delayed ripening and senescence of mango fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Miaoyu Zhao
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lijing Lin
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
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Zábó V, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Purebl G. Psychological resilience and competence: key promoters of successful aging and flourishing in late life. GeroScience 2023; 45:3045-3058. [PMID: 37418098 PMCID: PMC10643728 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals, both in the public and within the field of psychology, often perceive aging as a burden that negatively impacts intellectual and mental health. Our present study aims to challenge this notion by identifying the crucial components of positive mental health in later life. These components not only promote positive mental health but also actively contribute to it, even under difficult circumstances. To accomplish this, we first offer a concise review of well-being and mental health models that highlight the psychological aspects of flourishing in late life. We then introduce a psychological competence-based model for positive mental health, which aligns with the concept of positive aging. Subsequently, we present a measurement tool suitable for practical applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of positive aging, drawing on methodological guidelines and existing research findings concerning sustainable positive mental health in later life. We examine the evidence indicating that psychological resilience (the capacity to adapt and recover from adversity or stress) and competence (skills and abilities to effectively cope with challenges across various life domains) significantly contribute to slowing down biological aging processes. Furthermore, we discuss insights into the relationship between psychological factors and aging derived from research on Blue Zones (regions characterized by a higher proportion of individuals experiencing longer, healthier lives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Cheng M, Meng F, Qi H, Mo F, Wang P, Chen X, Wang A. Escaping drought: The pectin methylesterase inhibitor gene Slpmei27 can significantly change drought resistance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:207-217. [PMID: 36265205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress will lead to a decrease in tomato yield and poor flavour, yield and quality, resulting in economic losses in agricultural production. Mining the key genes regulating tomato drought resistance is of great significance to improve the drought resistance of tomato plants. The cell wall can directly participate in the plant drought stress response as one of the main components of the cell wall, and the regulation of pectin content in plant drought resistance is still unclear. Here, the candidate gene Solyc08g006690 (Slpmei27) was obtained by fine mapping based on genome sequencing technology (BSA-seq) of late-maturing stress-resistant tomato mutants found in the field. Slpmei27 is expressed in the cell wall. The transient silencing of Slpmei27 by VIGS significantly improved the drought resistance of tomato. Meanwhile, Slpmei27 silencing could significantly change the cell wall structure of plants, change the stomatal pass rate, reduce the water loss rate of plants, improve the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, change the redox balance in plants, and thus improve the drought resistance of tomato. The promoter region of this gene contains a large number of hormone-response and stress-response binding sites. The promoter region of the Slpmei27 gene in the mutant could lower the expression of downstream genes. Through this study, the mechanism by which Slpmei27 improves tomato drought resistance was revealed, and the relationship between pectin methyl ester metabolism and plant drought resistance was established, providing a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality tomato materials with high drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhen Cheng
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Haonan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Fulei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Chowdhury J, Kemppainen M, Delhomme N, Shutava I, Zhou J, Takahashi J, Pardo AG, Lundberg‐Felten J. Laccaria bicolor pectin methylesterases are involved in ectomycorrhiza development with Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:639-655. [PMID: 35794841 PMCID: PMC9796311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses between soil fungi and tree roots requires modification of root cell walls. The pectin-mediated adhesion between adjacent root cells loosens to accommodate fungal hyphae in the Hartig net, facilitating nutrient exchange between partners. We investigated the role of fungal pectin modifying enzymes in Laccaria bicolor for ECM formation with Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides. We combine transcriptomics of cell-wall-related enzymes in both partners during ECM formation, immunolocalisation of pectin (Homogalacturonan, HG) epitopes in different methylesterification states, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity assays and functional analyses of transgenic L. bicolor to uncover pectin modification mechanisms and the requirement of fungal pectin methylesterases (LbPMEs) for ECM formation. Immunolocalisation identified remodelling of pectin towards de-esterified HG during ECM formation, which was accompanied by increased LbPME1 expression and PME activity. Overexpression or RNAi of the ECM-induced LbPME1 in transgenic L. bicolor lines led to reduced ECM formation. Hartig Nets formed with LbPME1 RNAi lines were shallower, whereas those formed with LbPME1 overexpressors were deeper. This suggests that LbPME1 plays a role in ECM formation potentially through HG de-esterification, which initiates loosening of adjacent root cells to facilitate Hartig net formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Chowdhury
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | - Minna Kemppainen
- Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Basic and Applied MicrobiologyNational University of Quilmes (UNQ), and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
| | - Iryna Shutava
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | - Junko Takahashi
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
| | - Alejandro G. Pardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Basic and Applied MicrobiologyNational University of Quilmes (UNQ), and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Judith Lundberg‐Felten
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
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6
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Zhou Y, Li R, Wang S, Ding Z, Zhou Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Yao Y, Hu X, Guo J. Overexpression of MePMEI1 in Arabidopsis enhances Pb tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996981. [PMID: 36186034 PMCID: PMC9523724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pb is one of the most ubiquitously distributed heavy metal pollutants in soils and has serious negative effects on plant growth, food safety, and public health. Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) play a pivotal role in regulating the integrity of plant cell walls; however, the molecular basis by which PMEIs promote plant resistance to abiotic stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel PMEI gene, MePMEI1, from Manihot esculenta, and determined its role in plant resistance to Pb stress. The expression of MePMEI1 was remarkably upregulated in the roots, stems, and leaves of cassava plants following exposure to Pb stress. An analysis of subcellular localization revealed that the MePMEI1 protein was localized in the cell wall. MePMEI1 inhibited commercial orange peel pectin methyltransferase (PME), and the expression of MePMEI1 in Arabidopsis decreased the PME activity, indicating that MePMEI1 can inhibit PME activity in the cell wall. Additionally, the overexpression of MePMEI1 in Arabidopsis reduced oxidative damage and induced the thickening of cell walls, thus contributing to Pb tolerance. Altogether, the study reports a novel mechanism by which the MePMEI1 gene, which encodes the PMEI protein in cassava, plays an essential role in promoting tolerance to Pb toxicity by regulating the thickness of cell walls. These results provide a theoretical basis for the MePMEI1-mediated plant breeding for increasing heavy metal tolerance and provide insights into controlling Pb pollution in soils through phytoremediation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjiao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongping Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Yajia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xinwen Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
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Transcriptome analysis of peach fruit under 1-MCP treatment provides insights into regulation network in melting peach softening. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) displays distinguish texture phenotype during postharvest, which could be classified into three types, including melting flesh (MF), non-melting flesh (NMF) and stony-hard (SH). Of that MF peach would soften rapidly with an outbreak of ethylene production, which cause a huge waste during fruit transportation and storage. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was used to alleviate fruit softening. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing on two MF peach cultivars (‘YuLu’ and ‘Yanhong’) after 1-MCP treatment to identify the candidate genes participating in peach fruit softening. 167 genes were identified by WGCNA and correlation analysis, which could respond to 1-MCP treatment and might be related to softening. Among them, 5 auxin related genes including 2 IAAs, 1 ARF and 2 SAURs, and 4 cell wall modifying genes (PpPG1, PpPG2, PpPG24 and PpPMEI) were characterized as key genes participating in MF peach softening. Furthermore, 2 transcription factors, which belong to HD-ZIP and MYB were predicted as candidates regulating softening process by constructing transcriptional network of these 4 cell wall modifying genes combined with expression pattern analysis, of that the HD-ZIP could trans-activate promoter of PpPG1.
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Bres C, Petit J, Reynoud N, Brocard L, Marion D, Lahaye M, Bakan B, Rothan C. The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:14. [PMID: 37789465 PMCID: PMC10515250 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit. The point mutation in the shn2 mutant introduces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved 'mm' domain of SHN proteins. The cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a ~ fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely affected. In addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties, epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were changed. RNAseq analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2, including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation, hormone signaling and response, and transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bres
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Johann Petit
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit Et Pathologie, 71 Av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Coculo D, Lionetti V. The Plant Invertase/Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Superfamily. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863892. [PMID: 35401607 PMCID: PMC8990755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Invertases (INVs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are essential enzymes coordinating carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, and sugar signaling. INVs catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose into glucose and fructose, exerting a pivotal role in sucrose metabolism, cellulose biosynthesis, nitrogen uptake, reactive oxygen species scavenging as well as osmotic stress adaptation. PMEs exert a dynamic control of pectin methylesterification to manage cell adhesion, cell wall porosity, and elasticity, as well as perception and signaling of stresses. INV and PME activities can be regulated by specific proteinaceous inhibitors, named INV inhibitors (INVIs) and PME Inhibitors (PMEIs). Despite targeting different enzymes, INVIs and PMEIs belong to the same large protein family named "Plant Invertase/Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Superfamily." INVIs and PMEIs, while showing a low aa sequence identity, they share several structural properties. The two inhibitors showed mainly alpha-helices in their secondary structure and both form a non-covalent 1:1 complex with their enzymatic counterpart. Some PMEI members are organized in a gene cluster with specific PMEs. Although the most important physiological information was obtained in Arabidopsis thaliana, there are now several characterized INVI/PMEIs in different plant species. This review provides an integrated and updated overview of this fascinating superfamily, from the specific activity of characterized isoforms to their specific functions in plant physiology. We also highlight INVI/PMEIs as biotechnological tools to control different aspects of plant growth and defense. Some isoforms are discussed in view of their potential applications to improve industrial processes. A review of the nomenclature of some isoforms is carried out to eliminate confusion about the identity and the names of some INVI/PMEI member. Open questions, shortcoming, and opportunities for future research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Bakshi G, Ananthanarayan L. Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112802. [PMID: 34153568 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteins acting as powerful inhibitors of plant pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase were isolated from whole lemon fruits (Citrus limon L.). Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP) were purified using DEAE Sepharose column, resulting in fold purity of 89.13 and 81.16 and having a molecular mass of 35 and 38 kDa, respectively as estimated using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The optimum pH of purified PMEI and PGIP was pH 6 and pH 4.5 while the inhibitors showed good stability in the pH range of 5-8 and 3.5 to 5.5, respectively. Both the inhibitors from C. limon demonstrated an optimum temperature of 55 °C. Thermal inactivation data suggested that purified PGIP was more heat stable than PMEI. The inhibition kinetics of PMEI and PGIP towards C. limon PME and C. limon PG was of a non-competitive type. Both PMEI and PGIP obeyed first-order inactivation kinetics. The PMEI and PGIP exhibited different extent of inhibition towards PME and PG from other fruit sources analyzed in this study. As these inhibitors inhibit PME and PG from other plant sources they can be used in fruit-based products to control undesirable endogenous enzyme activities as an alternative to thermal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Bakshi
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxmi Ananthanarayan
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Zhu X, Tang C, Li Q, Qiao X, Li X, Cai Y, Wang P, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang S, Wu J. Characterization of the pectin methylesterase inhibitor gene family in Rosaceae and role of PbrPMEI23/39/41 in methylesterified pectin distribution in pear pollen tube. PLANTA 2021; 253:118. [PMID: 33961146 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase inhibitor gene family in the seven Rosaceae species (including three pear cultivars) is characterized and three pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes are identified to regulate pollen tube growth in pear. Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) participates in a variety of biological processes in plants. However, the information and function of PMEI genes in Rosaceae are largely unknown. In this study, a total of 423 PMEI genes are identified in the genomes of seven Rosaceae species. The PMEI genes in pear are categorized into five subfamilies based on structural analysis and evolutionary analysis. WGD and TD are the main duplication events in the PMEI gene family of pear. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicates that PbrPMEI23, PbrPMEI39, and PbrPMEI41 are increasingly expressed during pear pollen tube growth. Under the treatment of recombinant proteins PbrPMEI23, PbrPMEI39 or PbrPMEI41, the content of methylesterified pectin at the region 5-20 μm from the pollen tube tip significantly increases, and the growth of pear pollen tubes is promoted. These results indicate that PMEI regulates the growth of pollen tubes by changing the distribution of methylesterified pectin in the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, 201699, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Ding A, Tang X, Yang D, Wang M, Ren A, Xu Z, Hu R, Zhou G, O’Neill M, Kong Y. ERF4 and MYB52 transcription factors play antagonistic roles in regulating homogalacturonan de-methylesterification in Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:381-403. [PMID: 33709105 PMCID: PMC8136884 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Homogalacturonan (HG), a component of pectin, is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus in its fully methylesterified form. It is then secreted into the apoplast where it is typically de-methylesterified by pectin methylesterases (PME). Secretion and de-esterification are critical for normal pectin function, yet the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a mechanism that fine-tunes the degree of HG de-methylesterification (DM) in the mucilage that surrounds Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. We demonstrate that the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor (TF) ERF4 is a transcriptional repressor that positively regulates HG DM. ERF4 expression is confined to epidermal cells in the early stages of seed coat development. The adhesiveness of the erf4 mutant mucilage was decreased as a result of an increased DM caused by a decrease in PME activity. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that ERF4 positively regulates HG DM by suppressing the expression of three PME INHIBITOR genes (PMEIs) and SUBTILISIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEASE 1.7 (SBT1.7). ERF4 shares common targets with the TF MYB52, which also regulates pectin DM. Nevertheless, the erf4-2 myb52 double mutant seeds have a wild-type mucilage phenotype. We provide evidence that ERF4 and MYB52 regulate downstream gene expression in an opposite manner by antagonizing each other's DNA-binding ability through a physical interaction. Together, our findings reveal that pectin DM in the seed coat is fine-tuned by an ERF4-MYB52 transcriptional complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xianfeng Tang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Angyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zongchang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Malcolm O’Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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13
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Bally ISE, Bombarely A, Chambers AH, Cohen Y, Dillon NL, Innes DJ, Islas-Osuna MA, Kuhn DN, Mueller LA, Ophir R, Rambani A, Sherman A, Yan H. The 'Tommy Atkins' mango genome reveals candidate genes for fruit quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:108. [PMID: 33618672 PMCID: PMC7898432 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango, Mangifera indica L., an important tropical fruit crop, is grown for its sweet and aromatic fruits. Past improvement of this species has predominantly relied on chance seedlings derived from over 1000 cultivars in the Indian sub-continent with a large variation for fruit size, yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and fruit quality among other traits. Historically, mango has been an orphan crop with very limited molecular information. Only recently have molecular and genomics-based analyses enabled the creation of linkage maps, transcriptomes, and diversity analysis of large collections. Additionally, the combined analysis of genomic and phenotypic information is poised to improve mango breeding efficiency. RESULTS This study sequenced, de novo assembled, analyzed, and annotated the genome of the monoembryonic mango cultivar 'Tommy Atkins'. The draft genome sequence was generated using NRGene de-novo Magic on high molecular weight DNA of 'Tommy Atkins', supplemented by 10X Genomics long read sequencing to improve the initial assembly. A hybrid population between 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' was used to generate phased haplotype chromosomes and a highly resolved phased SNP map. The final 'Tommy Atkins' genome assembly was a consensus sequence that included 20 pseudomolecules representing the 20 chromosomes of mango and included ~ 86% of the ~ 439 Mb haploid mango genome. Skim sequencing identified ~ 3.3 M SNPs using the 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' mapping population. Repeat masking identified 26,616 genes with a median length of 3348 bp. A whole genome duplication analysis revealed an ancestral 65 MYA polyploidization event shared with Anacardium occidentale. Two regions, one on LG4 and one on LG7 containing 28 candidate genes, were associated with the commercially important fruit size characteristic in the mapping population. CONCLUSIONS The availability of the complete 'Tommy Atkins' mango genome will aid global initiatives to study mango genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S E Bally
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, 28 Peters St, Mareeba, QLD, 4880, Australia
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Yuval Cohen
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Natalie L Dillon
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, 28 Peters St, Mareeba, QLD, 4880, Australia
| | - David J Innes
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, EcoSciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - María A Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - David N Kuhn
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL, 33158, USA
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Aditi Rambani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Amir Sherman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Haidong Yan
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Methanol in Grape Derived, Fruit and Honey Spirits: A Critical Review on Source, Quality Control, and Legal Limits. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirits are alcoholic beverages commonly consumed in European countries. Their raw materials are diverse and include fruits, cereals, honey, sugar cane, or grape pomace. The main aim of this work is to present and discuss the source, quality control, and legal limits of methanol in spirits produced using fruit and honey spirits. The impact of the raw material, alcoholic fermentation, and the distillation process and aging process on the characteristics and quality of the final distilled beverage are discussed. In addition, a critical view of the legal aspects related to the volatile composition of these distillates, the origin and presence of methanol, and the techniques used for quantification are also described. The methanol levels found in the different types of spirits are those expected based on the specific raw materials of each and, almost in all studies, respect the legal limits.
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15
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Zhong H, Zhang F, Pan M, Wu X, Zhang W, Han S, Xie H, Zhou X, Wang M, Ai CM, He T. Comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of Victoria and flame seedless grape cultivars during berry ripening. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2616-2630. [PMID: 33090714 PMCID: PMC7714085 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape berry development is a highly coordinated and intricate process. Herein, we analyzed the phenotypic and transcriptomic patterns of Victoria (VT) and Flame Seedless (FS) grape varieties during berry development. Physiological analysis and transcriptomic sequencing were performed at four berry developmental phases. VT berry size was comparatively larger to the FS variety. At maturity, 80 days postanthesis (DPA), the FS soluble solids were 61.8% higher than VT. Further, 4889 and 2802 differentially expressed genes were identified from VT and FS 40 DPA to 80 DPA development stages, respectively. VvSWEET15, VvHXK, and MYB44 genes were up‐regulated during the postanthesis period, while bHLH14, linked to glucose metabolism, was gradually down‐regulated during berry development. These genes may have significant roles in berry development, ripening, and sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhong
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingqi Pan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shouan Han
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Caikasimu Maikeer Ai
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Tianming He
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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16
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Pontiggia D, Spinelli F, Fabbri C, Licursi V, Negri R, De Lorenzo G, Mattei B. Changes in the microsomal proteome of tomato fruit during ripening. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14350. [PMID: 31586085 PMCID: PMC6778153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The variations in the membrane proteome of tomato fruit pericarp during ripening have been investigated by mass spectrometry-based label-free proteomics. Mature green (MG30) and red ripe (R45) stages were chosen because they are pivotal in the ripening process: MG30 corresponds to the end of cellular expansion, when fruit growth has stopped and fruit starts ripening, whereas R45 corresponds to the mature fruit. Protein patterns were markedly different: among the 1315 proteins identified with at least two unique peptides, 145 significantly varied in abundance in the process of fruit ripening. The subcellular and biochemical fractionation resulted in GO term enrichment for organelle proteins in our dataset, and allowed the detection of low-abundance proteins that were not detected in previous proteomic studies on tomato fruits. Functional annotation showed that the largest proportion of identified proteins were involved in cell wall metabolism, vesicle-mediated transport, hormone biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, carbohydrate metabolic processes, signalling and response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pontiggia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fabbri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Foundation Cenci Bolognetti-Institut Pasteur, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Foundation Cenci Bolognetti-Institut Pasteur, Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Ren A, Ahmed RI, Chen H, Han L, Sun J, Ding A, Guo Y, Kong Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Patterns of the Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Genes in Sorghum bicolor. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E755. [PMID: 31561536 PMCID: PMC6826626 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell walls are basically complex with dynamic structures that are being involved in several growth and developmental processes, as well as responses to environmental stresses and the defense mechanism. Pectin is secreted into the cell wall in a highly methylesterified form. It is able to perform function after the de-methylesterification by pectin methylesterase (PME). Whereas, the pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) plays a key role in plant cell wall modification through inhibiting the PME activity. It provides pectin with different levels of degree of methylesterification to affect the cell wall structures and properties. The PME activity was analyzed in six tissues of Sorghum bicolor, and found a high level in the leaf and leaf sheath. PMEI families have been identified in many plant species. Here, a total of 55 pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes (PMEIs) were identified from S. bicolor whole genome, a more detailed annotation of this crop plant as compared to the previous study. Chromosomal localization, gene structures and sequence characterization of the PMEI family were analyzed. Moreover, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that each PMEI gene was regulated by both internal and environmental factors. The expression patterns of each PMEI gene were also clustered according to expression pattern analyzed in 47 tissues under different developmental stages. Furthermore, some SbPMEIs were induced when treated with hormonal and abiotic stress. Taken together, these results laid a strong foundation for further study of the functions of SbPMEIs and pectin modification during plant growth and stress responses of cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angyan Ren
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Rana Imtiaz Ahmed
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38850, Pakistan.
| | - Huanyu Chen
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Linhe Han
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy of Qing Dao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266108, China.
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18
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Wang ST, Feng YJ, Lai YJ, Su NW. Complex Tannins Isolated from Jelly Fig Achenes Affect Pectin Gelation through Non-Specific Inhibitory Effect on Pectin Methylesterase. Molecules 2019; 24:E1601. [PMID: 31018540 PMCID: PMC6515263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) is used to prepare drinks and desserts in Asia, owing to the gelling capability of its pectin via endogenous pectin methylesterase (PE) catalyzation. Meanwhile, substances with PE inhibitory activity (SPEI) in jelly fig achenes (JFA) residue were noticed to be able to impede the gelation. In this study, we characterized and isolated SPEI from JFA by a series of PE inhibition-guided isolations. Crude aqueous extract of JFA residue was mixed with acetone, and 90% acetone-soluble matter was further fractionated by Diaion HP-20 chromatography. The retained fraction with dominant PE inhibitory activity was collected from 100% methanol eluate. Results from high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and hydrolysis-induced chromogenic transition revealed the SPEI as complex tannins. Total tannins content was determined in each isolated fraction, and was closely related to PE inhibitory activity. In addition, SPEI in this study could inhibit activities of digestive enzymes in vitro and may, therefore, be assumed to act as non-specific protein binding agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ta Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - You-Jiang Feng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, No. 1, University Road, Jinning Township, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan.
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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19
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Jeong HY, Nguyen HP, Eom SH, Lee C. Integrative analysis of pectin methylesterase (PME) and PME inhibitors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): Identification, tissue-specific expression, and biochemical characterization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:557-565. [PMID: 30326434 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated that the degree of demethylesterification of pectin polysaccharides is modulated during tomato fruit ripening, its involvement in vegetative organ development has been seldom investigated. As a first step in understanding the importance of pectin modification during vegetative stages, we used chemical, biochemical, and molecular approaches to analyze PMEs and PMEIs in tomato plants. We found that tomato cell walls isolated from vegetative tissues as well as the fruit contain substantial quantities of pectin, and different degrees of methylesterification were evident in different tissues. Our chemical study was further substantiated by immunolocalization analysis, which showed that selective removal of pectin-bound methyl groups is required for proper organ development and growth. In the tomato genome, there exists 79 PMEs and 48 PMEIs with temporally and spatially regulated expression. As a case study, we showed that two tomato PMEIs (SolycPMEI13 and SolycPMEI14) exhibited PMEI activities. This is the first report regarding the genome-wide identification and expression profiling of PME/PMEIs in tomato and the first chemical evidence of the differential degrees of pectin methylesterification in vegetative and reproductive tissues. Taken together, our findings provide an important tool to unravel the molecular and physiological functions of tomato PME and PMEI in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea; Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
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20
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Liu T, Yu H, Xiong X, Yu Y, Yue X, Liu J, Cao J. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Genes in Brassica oleracea. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113338. [PMID: 30373125 PMCID: PMC6274938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are regulated by pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs), which consequently control the pectin methylesterification status. However, the role of PMEI genes in Brassica oleracea, an economically important vegetable crop, is poorly understood. In this study, 95 B. oleracea PMEI (BoPMEI) genes were identified. A total of 77 syntenic ortholog pairs and 10 tandemly duplicated clusters were detected, suggesting that the expansion of BoPMEI genes was mainly attributed to whole-genome triplication (WGT) and tandem duplication (TD). During diploidization after WGT, BoPMEI genes were preferentially retained in accordance with the gene balance hypothesis. Most homologous gene pairs experienced purifying selection with ω (Ka/Ks) ratios lower than 1 in evolution. Five stamen-specific BoPMEI genes were identified by expression pattern analysis. By combining the analyses of expression and evolution, we speculated that nonfunctionalization, subfunctionalization, neofunctionalization, and functional conservation can occur in the long evolutionary process. This work provides insights into the characterization of PMEI genes in B. oleracea and contributes to the further functional studies of BoPMEI genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xingpeng Xiong
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youjian Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yue
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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The Multifaceted Role of Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitors (PMEIs). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102878. [PMID: 30248977 PMCID: PMC6213510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex and dynamic structures that play important roles in growth and development, as well as in response to stresses. Pectin is a major polysaccharide of cell walls rich in galacturonic acid (GalA). Homogalacturonan (HG) is considered the most abundant pectic polymer in plant cell walls and is partially methylesterified at the C6 atom of galacturonic acid. Its degree (and pattern) of methylation (DM) has been shown to affect biomechanical properties of the cell wall by making pectin susceptible for enzymatic de-polymerization and enabling gel formation. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) catalyze the removal of methyl-groups from the HG backbone and their activity is modulated by a family of proteinaceous inhibitors known as pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). As such, the interplay between PME and PMEI can be considered as a determinant of cell adhesion, cell wall porosity and elasticity, as well as a source of signaling molecules released upon cell wall stress. This review aims to highlight recent updates in our understanding of the PMEI gene family, their regulation and structure, interaction with PMEs, as well as their function in response to stress and during development.
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Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Evolution, and Expression Profiling Analysis of Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Genes in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051338. [PMID: 29724020 PMCID: PMC5983585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes (PMEIs) are a large multigene family and play crucial roles in cell wall modifications in plant growth and development. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the PMEI gene family in Brassicacampestris, an important leaf vegetable, was performed. We identified 100 BrassicacampestrisPMEI genes (BcPMEIs), among which 96 BcPMEIs were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes and nine tandem arrays containing 20 BcPMEIs were found. We also detected 80 pairs of syntenic PMEI orthologs. These findings indicated that whole-genome triplication (WGT) and tandem duplication (TD) were the main mechanisms accounting for the current number of BcPMEIs. In evolution, BcPMEIs were retained preferentially and biasedly, consistent with the gene balance hypothesis and two-step theory, respectively. The molecular evolution analysis of BcPMEIs manifested that they evolved through purifying selection and the divergence time is in accordance with the WGT data of B. campestris. To obtain the functional information of BcPMEIs, the expression patterns in five tissues and the cis-elements distributed in promoter regions were investigated. This work can provide a better understanding of the molecular evolution and biological function of PMEIs in B. campestris.
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Dorokhov YL, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Methanol in Plant Life. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1623. [PMID: 30473703 PMCID: PMC6237831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, plant-emitted methanol was considered a biochemical by-product, but studies in the last decade have revealed its role as a signal molecule in plant-plant and plant-animal communication. Moreover, methanol participates in metabolic biochemical processes during growth and development. The purpose of this review is to determine the impact of methanol on the growth and immunity of plants. Plants generate methanol in the reaction of the demethylation of macromolecules including DNA and proteins, but the main source of plant-derived methanol is cell wall pectins, which are demethylesterified by pectin methylesterases (PMEs). Methanol emissions increase in response to mechanical wounding or other stresses due to damage of the cell wall, which is the main source of methanol production. Gaseous methanol from the wounded plant induces defense reactions in intact leaves of the same and neighboring plants, activating so-called methanol-inducible genes (MIGs) that regulate plant resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Since PMEs are the key enzymes in methanol production, their expression increases in response to wounding, but after elimination of the stress factor effects, the plant cell should return to the original state. The amount of functional PMEs in the cell is strictly regulated at both the gene and protein levels. There is negative feedback between one of the MIGs, aldose epimerase-like protein, and PME gene transcription; moreover, the enzymatic activity of PMEs is modulated and controlled by PME inhibitors (PMEIs), which are also induced in response to pathogenic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L. Dorokhov
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Yuri L. Dorokhov,
| | | | - Tatiana V. Komarova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Rigano MM, Lionetti V, Raiola A, Bellincampi D, Barone A. Pectic enzymes as potential enhancers of ascorbic acid production through the D-galacturonate pathway in Solanaceae. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 266:55-63. [PMID: 29241567 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increase of L-Ascorbic Acid (AsA) content in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a common goal in breeding programs due to its beneficial effect on human health. To shed light into the regulation of fruit AsA content, we exploited a Solanum pennellii introgression line (IL12-4-SL) harbouring one quantitative trait locus that increases the content of total AsA in the fruit. Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses were carried out in fruits of IL12-4-SL in comparison with the cultivated line M82 at different stages of ripening. AsA content was studied in relation with pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and the degree of pectin methylesterification (DME). Our results indicated that the increase of AsA content in IL12-4-SL fruits was related with pectin de-methylesterification/degradation. Specific PME, polygalacturonase (PG) and UDP-D-glucuronic-acid-4-epimerase (UGlcAE) isoforms were proposed as components of the D-galacturonate pathway leading to AsA biosynthesis. The relationship between AsA content and PME activity was also exploited in PMEI tobacco plants expressing a specific PME inhibitor (PMEI). Here we report that tobacco PMEI plants, altered in PME activity and degree of pectin methylesterification, showed a reduction in low methylesterified pectic domains and exhibited a reduced AsA content. Overall, our results provide novel biochemical and genetic traits for increasing antioxidant content by marker-assisted selection in the Solanaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Assunta Raiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellincampi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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25
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Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) family can be related to male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:343-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Nguyen HP, Jeong HY, Jeon SH, Kim D, Lee C. Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:17-25. [PMID: 27889517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). Rice contains 49 PMEIs and none of them are functionally characterized. Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. Consequently, transgenic plants overexpressing OsPMEI28 exhibited dwarf phenotypes and reduced culm diameter. Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Jeon
- Seed Research Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju-Si 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV, Pozdyshev DV, Ershova NM, Shindyapina AV, Tashlitsky VN, Sheval EV, Dorokhov YL. The Intergenic Interplay between Aldose 1-Epimerase-Like Protein and Pectin Methylesterase in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Control. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1646. [PMID: 28993784 PMCID: PMC5622589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical damage that often precedes the penetration of a leaf by a pathogen promotes the activation of pectin methylesterase (PME); the activation of PME leads to the emission of methanol, resulting in a "priming" effect on intact leaves, which is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and resistance to bacteria. In this study, we revealed that mRNA levels of the methanol-inducible gene encoding Nicotiana benthamiana aldose 1-epimerase-like protein (NbAELP) in the leaves of intact plants are very low compared with roots. However, stress and pathogen attack increased the accumulation of the NbAELP mRNA in the leaves. Using transiently transformed plants, we obtained data to support the mechanism underlying AELP/PME-related negative feedback The insertion of the NbAELP promoter sequence (proNbAELP) into the N. benthamiana genome resulted in the co-suppression of the natural NbAELP gene expression, accompanied by a reduction in the NbAELP mRNA content and increased PME synthesis. Knockdown of NbAELP resulted in high activity of PME in the cell wall and a decrease in the leaf glucose level, creating unfavorable conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens reproduction in injected leaves. Our results showed that NbAELP is capable of binding the TMV movement protein (MPTMV) in vitro and is likely to affect the cellular nucleocytoplasmic transport, which may explain the sensitivity of NbAELP knockdown plants to TMV. Although NbAELP was primarily detected in the cell wall, the influence of this protein on cellular PME mRNA levels might be associated with reduced transcriptional activity of the PME gene in the nucleus. To confirm this hypothesis, we isolated the N. tabacum PME gene promoter (proNtPME) and showed the inhibition of proNtPME-directed GFP and GUS expression in leaves when co-agroinjected with the NbAELP-encoding plasmid. We hypothesized that plant wounding and/or pathogen attack lead to PME activation and increased methanol emission, followed by increased NbAELP expression, which results in reversion of PME mRNA level and methanol emission to levels found in the intact plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana V. Komarova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia M. Ershova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Shindyapina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugene V. Sheval
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Yuri L. Dorokhov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Yuri L. Dorokhov
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28
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Bonavita A, Carratore V, Ciardiello MA, Giovane A, Servillo L, D'Avino R. Influence of pH on the Structure and Function of Kiwi Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5866-76. [PMID: 27335009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase is a pectin modifying enzyme that plays a key role in plant physiology. It is also an important quality-related enzyme in plant-based food products. The pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) from kiwifruit inhibits this enzyme activity and is widely used as an efficient tool for research purposes and also recommended in the context of fruit and vegetable processing. Using several methodologies of protein biochemistry, including circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, chemical modifications, direct protein-sequencing, enzyme activity, and bioinformatics analysis of the crystal structure, this study demonstrates that conformational changes occur in kiwi PMEI by the pH rising over 6.0 bringing about structure loosening, exposure, and cleavage of a natively buried disulfide bond, unfolding and aggregation, ultimately determining the loss of ability of kiwi PMEI to bind and inhibit PME. pH-induced structural changes are prevented when PMEI is already engaged in complex or is in a solution of high ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitale Carratore
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, C.N.R. , Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossana D'Avino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, C.N.R. , Napoli, Italy
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29
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Pease JB, Guerrero RF, Sherman NA, Hahn MW, Moyle LC. Molecular mechanisms of postmating prezygotic reproductive isolation uncovered by transcriptome analysis. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2592-608. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James B. Pease
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Rafael F. Guerrero
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Natasha A. Sherman
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Matthew W. Hahn
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University 1001 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Leonie C. Moyle
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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30
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Castellarin SD, Gambetta GA, Wada H, Krasnow MN, Cramer GR, Peterlunger E, Shackel KA, Matthews MA. Characterization of major ripening events during softening in grape: turgor, sugar accumulation, abscisic acid metabolism, colour development, and their relationship with growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:709-22. [PMID: 26590311 PMCID: PMC4737070 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Along with sugar accumulation and colour development, softening is an important physiological change during the onset of ripening in fruits. In this work, we investigated the relationships among major events during softening in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) by quantifying elasticity in individual berries. In addition, we delayed softening and inhibited sugar accumulation using a mechanical growth-preventing treatment in order to identify processes that are sugar and/or growth dependent. Ripening processes commenced on various days after anthesis, but always at similarly low elasticity and turgor. Much of the softening occurred in the absence of other changes in berry physiology investigated here. Several genes encoding key cell wall-modifying enzymes were not up-regulated until softening was largely completed, suggesting softening may result primarily from decreases in turgor. Similarly, there was no decrease in solute potential, increase in sugar concentration, or colour development until elasticity and turgor were near minimum values, and these processes were inhibited when berry growth was prevented. Increases in abscisic acid occurred early during softening and in the absence of significant expression of the V. vinifera 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases. However, these increases were coincident with decreases in the abscisic acid catabolite diphasic acid, indicating that initial increases in abscisic acid may result from decreases in catabolism and/or exogenous import. These data suggest that softening, decreases in turgor, and increases in abscisic acid represent some of the earliest events during the onset of ripening. Later, physical growth, further increases in abscisic acid, and the accumulation of sugar are integral for colour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, the University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gregory A Gambetta
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882 Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041, Japan
| | - Mark N Krasnow
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Shackel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Matthews
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Lionetti V, Raiola A, Mattei B, Bellincampi D. The Grapevine VvPMEI1 Gene Encodes a Novel Functional Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Associated to Grape Berry Development. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26204516 PMCID: PMC4512722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is secreted in a highly methylesterified form and partially de-methylesterified in the cell wall by pectin methylesterases (PMEs). PME activity is expressed during plant growth, development and stress responses. PME activity is controlled at the post-transcriptional level by proteins named PME inhibitors (PMEIs). We have identified, expressed and characterized VvPMEI1, a functional PME inhibitor of Vitis vinifera. VvPMEI1 typically affects the activity of plant PMEs and is inactive against microbial PMEs. The kinetics of PMEI-PME interaction, studied by surface plasmon resonance, indicates that the inhibitor strongly interacts with PME at apoplastic pH while the stability of the complex is reduced by increasing the pH. The analysis of VvPMEI1 expression in different grapevine tissues and during grape fruit development suggests that this inhibitor controls PME activity mainly during the earlier phase of berry development. A proteomic analysis performed at this stage indicates a PME isoform as possible target of VvPMEI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raiola
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agroforestali, Università di Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellincampi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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32
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Lionetti V, Cervone F, De Lorenzo G. A lower content of de-methylesterified homogalacturonan improves enzymatic cell separation and isolation of mesophyll protoplasts in Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:188-94. [PMID: 25128920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion occurs primarily at the level of middle lamella which is mainly composed by pectin polysaccharides. These can be degraded by cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) during developmental processes to allow a controlled separation of plant cells. Extensive cell wall degradation by CWDEs with consequent cell separation is performed when protoplasts are isolated from plant tissues by using mixtures of CWDEs. We have evaluated whether modification of pectin affects cell separation and protoplast isolation. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the pectin methylesterase inhibitors AtPMEI-1 or AtPMEI-2, and Arabidopsis pme3 plants, mutated in the gene encoding pectin methylesterase 3, showed an increased efficiency of isolation of viable mesophyll protoplasts as compared with Wild Type Columbia-0 plants. The release of protoplasts was correlated with the reduced level of long stretches of de-methylesterified homogalacturonan (HGA) present in these plants. Response to elicitation, cell wall regeneration and efficiency of transfection in protoplasts from transgenic plants was comparable to those of wild type protoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Felice Cervone
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
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Christiaens S, Van Buggenhout S, Houben K, Jamsazzadeh Kermani Z, Moelants KR, Ngouémazong ED, Van Loey A, Hendrickx ME. Process–Structure–Function Relations of Pectin in Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1021-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.753029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lionetti V, Giancaspro A, Fabri E, Giove SL, Reem N, Zabotina OA, Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Bellincampi D. Cell wall traits as potential resources to improve resistance of durum wheat against Fusarium graminearum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:6. [PMID: 25597920 PMCID: PMC4298115 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium graminearum, one of the causal agents of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB, scab), leads to severe losses in grain yield and quality due to the production of mycotoxins which are harmful to human and livestock. Different traits for FHB resistance in wheat were identified for common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) while the sources of FHB resistance in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum), one of the cereals most susceptible to F. graminearum infection, have not been found. New lines of evidence indicate that content and composition of cell wall polymers affect the susceptibility of the wall to degrading enzymes produced by pathogens during infection and can play a role in the outcome of host-pathogen interactions. The objective of our research is to identify potential cell wall biochemical traits linked to Fusariosis resistance to be transferred from a resistant common wheat to a susceptible durum wheat line. RESULTS A detailed analysis of cell wall composition in spikes isolated from a highly resistant common wheat accession "02-5B-318", a breeding line derived from the FHB-resistant Chinese cv. Sumai-3 and a high susceptible durum wheat cv. Saragolla was performed. Significant differences in lignin monolignols composition, arabinoxylan (AX) substitutions and pectin methylesterification were found between resistant and susceptible plants. We isolated and characterized a pectin methylesterase gene WheatPME1, which we found being down regulated in the FHB-resistant line and induced by fungal infection in the susceptible wheat. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate cell wall traits differing between the FHB sensitive and resistant wheat genotypes, possibly related to FHB-resistance, and identify the line 02-5B-318R as a potential resource of such traits. Evidence suggests that WheatPME1 is involved in wheat response to F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- />Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Giancaspro
- />Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via G. Amendola 165/A - 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fabri
- />Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania L Giove
- />Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via G. Amendola 165/A - 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nathan Reem
- />Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Olga A Zabotina
- />Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Antonio Blanco
- />Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via G. Amendola 165/A - 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- />Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via G. Amendola 165/A - 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellincampi
- />Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Lionetti V. PECTOPLATE: the simultaneous phenotyping of pectin methylesterases, pectinases, and oligogalacturonides in plants during biotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:331. [PMID: 26029230 PMCID: PMC4429564 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of pectin, a major component of plant cell wall, is important for fungal necrotrophs to achieve a successful infection. The activities of pectin methylesterases (PMEs) from both plants and pathogens and the degree and pattern of pectin methylesterification are critical for the outcome of plant-pathogen interaction. Partial degradation of pectin by pectin degrading enzymes releases oligogalacturonides (OGs), elicitors of plant defense responses. Few analytical techniques are available to monitor pectin methylesterification-modulating machineries and OGs produced during plant pathogen interaction. In the present study, ruthenium red is presented as useful dye to monitor both Botrytis cinerea mycelium growth and the induction of PME activity in plant tissue during fungal infection. Moreover a simple, inexpensive and sensitive method, named PECTOPLATE, is proposed that allows a simultaneous phenotyping of PME and pectinase activities expressed during pathogen infection and of pectinase potential in generating OGs. The results in the manuscript also indicate that PME inhibitors can be used in PECTOPLATE as a tool to discriminate the activities of plant PMEs from those of pathogen PMEs expressed during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Lionetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy,
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Mellidou I, Buts K, Hatoum D, Ho QT, Johnston JW, Watkins CB, Schaffer RJ, Gapper NE, Giovannoni JJ, Rudell DR, Hertog MLATM, Nicolai BM. Transcriptomic events associated with internal browning of apple during postharvest storage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:328. [PMID: 25430515 PMCID: PMC4272543 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postharvest ripening of apple (Malus x domestica) can be slowed down by low temperatures, and a combination of low O2 and high CO2 levels. While this maintains the quality of most fruit, occasionally storage disorders such as flesh browning can occur. This study aimed to explore changes in the apple transcriptome associated with a flesh browning disorder related to controlled atmosphere storage using RNA-sequencing techniques. Samples from a browning-susceptible cultivar ('Braeburn') were stored for four months under controlled atmosphere. Based on a visual browning index, the inner and outer cortex of the stored apples was classified as healthy or affected tissue. RESULTS Over 600 million short single-end reads were mapped onto the Malus consensus coding sequence set, and differences in the expression profiles between healthy and affected tissues were assessed to identify candidate genes associated with internal browning in a tissue-specific manner. Genes involved in lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and cell wall modifications were highly modified in the affected inner cortex, while energy-related and stress-related genes were mostly altered in the outer cortex. The expression levels of several of them were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Additionally, a set of novel browning-specific differentially expressed genes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, was validated in apples stored for various periods at different controlled atmosphere conditions, giving rise to potential biomarkers associated with high risk of browning development. CONCLUSIONS The gene expression data presented in this study will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of browning development in apples at controlled atmosphere storage. A conceptual model, including energy-related (linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain) and lipid-related genes (related to membrane alterations, and fatty acid oxidation), for browning development in apple is proposed, which may be relevant for future studies towards improving the postharvest life of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Kim Buts
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Darwish Hatoum
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Quang Tri Ho
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Jason W Johnston
- />The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | | | - Robert J Schaffer
- />The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- />The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Nigel E Gapper
- />Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- />Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jim J Giovannoni
- />Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- />Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - David R Rudell
- />Fruit Tree Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Wenatchee, WA 9880 USA
| | - Maarten LATM Hertog
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Bart M Nicolai
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
- />Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
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Sénéchal F, Wattier C, Rustérucci C, Pelloux J. Homogalacturonan-modifying enzymes: structure, expression, and roles in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5125-60. [PMID: 25056773 PMCID: PMC4400535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the changes affecting the plant cell wall is a key element in addressing its functional role in plant growth and in the response to stress. Pectins, which are the main constituents of the primary cell wall in dicot species, play a central role in the control of cellular adhesion and thereby of the rheological properties of the wall. This is likely to be a major determinant of plant growth. How the discrete changes in pectin structure are mediated is thus a key issue in our understanding of plant development and plant responses to changes in the environment. In particular, understanding the remodelling of homogalacturonan (HG), the most abundant pectic polymer, by specific enzymes is a current challenge in addressing its fundamental role. HG, a polymer that can be methylesterified or acetylated, can be modified by HGMEs (HG-modifying enzymes) which all belong to large multigenic families in all species sequenced to date. In particular, both the degrees of substitution (methylesterification and/or acetylation) and polymerization can be controlled by specific enzymes such as pectin methylesterases (PMEs), pectin acetylesterases (PAEs), polygalacturonases (PGs), or pectate lyases-like (PLLs). Major advances in the biochemical and functional characterization of these enzymes have been made over the last 10 years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, up to date summary of the recent data concerning the structure, regulation, and function of these fascinating enzymes in plant development and in response to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sénéchal
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Wattier
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christine Rustérucci
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
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Lionetti V, Raiola A, Cervone F, Bellincampi D. Transgenic expression of pectin methylesterase inhibitors limits tobamovirus spread in tobacco and Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:265-74. [PMID: 24127644 PMCID: PMC6638747 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant infection by a virus is a complex process influenced by virus-encoded factors and host components which support replication and movement. Critical factors for a successful tobamovirus infection are the viral movement protein (MP) and the host pectin methylesterase (PME), an important plant counterpart that cooperates with MP to sustain viral spread. The activity of PME is modulated by endogenous protein inhibitors (pectin methylesterase inhibitors, PMEIs). PMEIs are targeted to the extracellular matrix and typically inhibit plant PMEs by forming a specific and stable stoichiometric 1:1 complex. PMEIs counteract the action of plant PMEs and therefore may affect plant susceptibility to virus. To test this hypothesis, we overexpressed genes encoding two well-characterized PMEIs in tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. Here, we report that, in tobacco plants constitutively expressing a PMEI from Actinidia chinensis (AcPMEI), systemic movement of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is limited and viral symptoms are reduced. A delayed movement of Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) and a reduced susceptibility to the virus were also observed in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtPMEI-2. Our results provide evidence that PMEIs are able to limit tobamovirus movement and to reduce plant susceptibility to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, 00185, Roma, Italy
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Bellincampi D, Cervone F, Lionetti V. Plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant-pathogen interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24904623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall is a dynamic structure that often determines the outcome of the interactions between plants and pathogens. It is a barrier that pathogens need to breach to colonize the plant tissue. While fungal necrotrophs extensively destroy the integrity of the cell wall through the combined action of degrading enzymes, biotrophic fungi require a more localized and controlled degradation of the cell wall in order to keep the host cells alive and utilize their feeding structures. Also bacteria and nematodes need to degrade the plant cell wall at a certain stage of their infection process, to obtain nutrients for their growth. Plants have developed a system for sensing pathogens and monitoring the cell wall integrity, upon which they activate defense responses that lead to a dynamic cell wall remodeling required to prevent the disease. Pathogens, on the other hand, may exploit the host cell wall metabolism to support the infection. We review here the strategies utilized by both plants and pathogens to prevail in the cell wall battleground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bellincampi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Cervone
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma Rome, Italy
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40
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Bellincampi D, Cervone F, Lionetti V. Plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant-pathogen interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:228. [PMID: 24904623 PMCID: PMC4036129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall is a dynamic structure that often determines the outcome of the interactions between plants and pathogens. It is a barrier that pathogens need to breach to colonize the plant tissue. While fungal necrotrophs extensively destroy the integrity of the cell wall through the combined action of degrading enzymes, biotrophic fungi require a more localized and controlled degradation of the cell wall in order to keep the host cells alive and utilize their feeding structures. Also bacteria and nematodes need to degrade the plant cell wall at a certain stage of their infection process, to obtain nutrients for their growth. Plants have developed a system for sensing pathogens and monitoring the cell wall integrity, upon which they activate defense responses that lead to a dynamic cell wall remodeling required to prevent the disease. Pathogens, on the other hand, may exploit the host cell wall metabolism to support the infection. We review here the strategies utilized by both plants and pathogens to prevail in the cell wall battleground.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Lionetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy e-mail:
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41
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Lionetti V, Raiola A, Cervone F, Bellincampi D. How do pectin methylesterases and their inhibitors affect the spreading of tobamovirus? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e972863. [PMID: 25482766 PMCID: PMC4623000 DOI: 10.4161/15592316.2014.972863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
After replication in the cytoplasm, viruses spread from the infected cell into the neighboring cells through plasmodesmata, membranous channels embedded by the cell wall. As obligate parasites, viruses have acquired the ability to utilize host factors that unwillingly cooperate for the viral infection process. For example, the viral movement proteins (MP) interacts with the host pectin methylesterase (PME) and both proteins cooperate to sustain the viral spread. However, how and where PMEs interact with MPs and how the PME/MP complexes favor the viral translocation is not well understood. Recently, we demonstrated that the overexpression of PME inhibitors (PMEIs) in tobacco and Arabidopsis plants limits the movement of Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip vein clearing virus and reduces plant susceptibility to these viruses. Here we discuss how overexpression of PMEI may reduce tobamovirus spreading.
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Key Words
- CP, coat protein.
- CW, cell wall
- ER, Endoplasmic Reticulum
- MP, movement protein
- MeOH, methanol
- PD, plasmodesmata
- PM, Plasma membrane
- PME, pectin methylesterase
- PMEI, pectin methylesterase inhibitor
- TMV, Tobacco mosaic virus
- cell wall
- methanol
- pectin methylesterase
- pectin methylesterase inhibitors
- pectin methylesterification
- plasmodesmata
- virus spreading
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin'; ‘Sapienza' Università di Roma; Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raiola
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agroforestali; Università di Padova; Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Felice Cervone
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin'; ‘Sapienza' Università di Roma; Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellincampi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin'; ‘Sapienza' Università di Roma; Roma, Italy
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Weber M, Deinlein U, Fischer S, Rogowski M, Geimer S, Tenhaken R, Clemens S. A mutation in the Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall biosynthesis gene pectin methylesterase 3 as well as its aberrant expression cause hypersensitivity specifically to Zn. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:151-64. [PMID: 23826687 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Defects in metal homeostasis factors are often accompanied by the loss of metal tolerance. Therefore, we screened for mutants with compromised growth in the presence of excess Zn(2+) in order to identify factors involved in Zn biology in plants. Here we report the isolation of six ozs (overly Zn sensitive) ethyl methanesulfonate Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with contrasting patterns of metal sensitivity, and the molecular characterization of two mutants hypersensitive specifically to Zn(2+) . Mutant ozs1 represents a non-functional allele of the vacuolar Zn transporter AtMTP1, providing additional genetic evidence for its major role in Zn(2+) tolerance in seedlings. Mutant ozs2 carries a semi-dominant mutation in the gene encoding pectin methylesterase 3 (AtPME3), an enzyme catalyzing demethylesterification of pectin. The mutation results in impaired proteolytic processing of AtPME3. Ectopic expression of AtPME3 causes strong Zn(2+) hypersensitivity that is tightly correlated with transcript abundance. Together these observations suggest detrimental effects on Golgi-localized processes. The ozs2 but not the ozs1 phenotype can be suppressed by extra Ca(2+) , indicating changes in apoplastic cation-binding capacity. However, we did not detect any changes in bulk metal-binding capacity, overall pectin methylesterification status or cell wall ultrastructure in ozs2, leading us to hypothesize that the ozs2 mutation causes hypersensitivity towards the specific interference of Zn ions with cell wall-controlled growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weber
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Woriedh M, Wolf S, Márton ML, Hinze A, Gahrtz M, Becker D, Dresselhaus T. External application of gametophyte-specific ZmPMEI1 induces pollen tube burst in maize. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2013; 26:255-66. [PMID: 23824238 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulated demethylesterification of homogalacturonan, a major component of plant cell walls, by the activity of pectin methylesterases (PMEs), plays a critical role for cell wall stability and integrity. Especially fast growing plant cells such as pollen tubes secrete large amounts of PMEs toward their apoplasmic space. PME activity itself is tightly regulated by its inhibitor named as PME inhibitor and is thought to be required especially at the very pollen tube tip. We report here the identification and functional characterization of PMEI1 from maize (ZmPMEI1). We could show that the protein acts as an inhibitor of PME but not of invertases and found that its gene is strongly expressed in both gametophytes (pollen grain and embryo sac). Promoter reporter studies showed gene activity also during pollen tube growth toward and inside the transmitting tract. All embryo sac cells except the central cell displayed strong expression. Weaker signals were visible at sporophytic cells of the micropylar region. ZmPMEI1-EGFP fusion protein is transported within granules inside the tube and accumulates at the pollen tube tip as well as at sites where pollen tubes bend and/or change growth directions. The female gametophyte putatively influences pollen tube growth behavior by exposing it to ZmPMEI1. We therefore simulated this effect by applying recombinant protein at different concentrations on growing pollen tubes. ZmPMEI1 did not arrest growth, but destabilized the cell wall inducing burst. Compared with female gametophyte secreted defensin-like ZmES4, which induces burst at the very pollen tube tip, ZmPMEI1-induced burst occurs at the subapical region. These findings indicate that ZmPMEI1 secreted by the embryo sac likely destabilizes the pollen tube wall during perception and together with other proteins such as ZmES4 leads to burst and thus sperm release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Woriedh
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Pogorelko G, Lionetti V, Bellincampi D, Zabotina O. Cell wall integrity: targeted post-synthetic modifications to reveal its role in plant growth and defense against pathogens. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e25435. [PMID: 23857352 PMCID: PMC4002593 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall, a dynamic network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins of significant compositional and structural complexity, functions in plant growth, development and stress responses. In recent years, the existence of plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanisms has been demonstrated, but little is known about the signaling pathways involved, or their components. Examination of key mutants has shed light on the relationships between cell wall remodeling and plant cell responses, indicating a central role for the regulatory network that monitors and controls cell wall performance and integrity. In this review, we present a short overview of cell wall composition and discuss post-synthetic cell wall modification as a valuable approach for studying CWI perception and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Pogorelko
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Iowa State University; Ames, IA USA
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartmento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin,” Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellincampi
- Dipartmento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin,” Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Zabotina
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Iowa State University; Ames, IA USA
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